On December 25th, 1775, George Washington crossed the Delaware River to Trenton, New Jersey. It was Christmas Eve, and it was snowed in and the weather was terrible, but he still managed to get his force across the Delaware and defeat the enemy.
00:27:56.920It's a brand new song, tum-tum-tum-tum-tum.
00:28:26.920It's a brand new song, tum-tum-tum-tum-tum-tum.
00:28:56.920Okay, welcome back to the War Room. Patrick K. O'Donnell, we're at Bastogne, and it is the Christmas season of 1944. What happens?
00:29:09.320Bastogne is basically in the early, on December 16th, elements of the 10th Armored Division, as well as the tank destroyers and other sort of cats and dog divisions and units kind of fall back to Bastogne.
00:29:26.820And they're very weakly holding it at this point. And it's the 101st Airborne that is trucked in in cattle cars.
00:29:35.040The cattle trucks actually open their open-air things, and they're told in and around Paris that they need to get ready and prepare for combat.
00:29:43.740And men just, like, jump into these trucks with their M1 Garands and whatever they have. Many of them are poorly equipped.
00:29:50.580They don't have winter clothing. And they're trucked into Bastogne.
00:29:55.020And they hold—Bastogne is a road octopus, it's called.
00:30:00.740It's kind of a road—it's a hub of multiple roads that intersect it, and it's key to hold.
00:30:07.440And the Allies know it, so do the Germans. They want it.
00:30:10.960And they send some of the—after the northern push kind of fails, what happens is Bastogne becomes a critical point that the Germans want to take at all costs.
00:30:20.800And they begin to surround it after the 101st gets in there.
00:30:24.980101st takes the series of hamlets that surround Bastogne, and they hold it.
00:30:31.900And they do an amazing job of holding these positions.
00:30:35.980And they're—these are paratroopers, but they're elite troops.
00:30:39.500They are trained to believe that they can take five to one of the enemy.
00:30:44.580In many cases, these guys do the impossible, even though they're lightly armed.
00:30:48.160I mean, the best that they have is a 60-millimeter mortar or a bazooka, probably.
00:30:52.940And they're going up against German armor.
00:30:55.200And there's Panther tanks, et cetera, that are—they're coming at them.
00:33:11.500And there's—if you go to the U.S.—the New U.S. Army Museum, there is a jumbo Sherman tank there that is the first representation,
00:33:21.020or the first tank that actually crossed the line there at Bastogne by an officer by the name of Bogus.
00:33:28.900And it's—you know, that breaks the siege.
00:33:33.620And then there's—the Germans then continue, though.
00:33:36.140And the Battle of the Bulge isn't just a one-week affair.
00:33:40.640This lasts over a month, month plus a week or so.
00:33:45.440And it's a real grind that is dealt with in extreme weather.
00:33:51.840This is the most—the coldest winter, you know, on history in Europe up in—you know, for many, many years.
00:33:58.200And the men that are there are men of iron.
00:34:01.920I interviewed so many of these veterans in Beyond Valor, and they would always tell me when they had to shovel the drive that they would get that tingle in their feet.
00:34:12.200And many of these men had trench foot or frozen feet, which is just a horrendous thing.
00:34:18.560And it would bring back the memories of the Bulge.
00:34:35.320I mean, this is the average man that the valor and just the stick to it and just hang in there and not quit is so inspiring.
00:34:45.600I mean, not just Patton's army having to go through hell to get there, but the guys that held on and had every opportunity to surrender, right?
00:34:55.080And in refusing to surrender brought the war to—probably would have taken another year or two.
00:35:01.480If they had collapsed and they got an antwerp, it may have taken another year or two to defeat Nazi Germany.
00:35:06.520These men were not equipped with shoe packs or rubber boots that would have prevented a lot of this stuff.
00:35:13.260They were wearing paratrooper boots in most cases or other combat boots where the snow would literally just go right into your foot and freeze flesh.
00:35:34.000It killed many of these men that literally sometimes men would fall asleep in their foxhole and never wake up.
00:35:39.000Let's pivot to—I want to make sure we give appropriate time to Chosin Reservoir because of all the horrors we've mentioned,
00:35:49.400the horrors in Korea in that winter are almost unbelievable.
00:35:53.600Talk to me about the weather condition.
00:35:54.980We're going to talk about Chosin Reservoir now.
00:35:56.200But just talk to me about the setting for both the Chinese troops who were—the Chinese troops were—these were Chinese army that Mao wanted to have die because they were from a Kuomintang army,
00:36:06.760that it shifts its sides and allowed the American State Department to grant the victory in the Chinese Civil War.
00:36:13.900But Mao never trusted these generals, and he sent them to Korea.
00:36:17.140He sent them to Korea to die, not so much even by the Americans, but to freeze to death.
00:36:23.900Talk to me about the conditions at Chosin.
00:36:26.200This is the Chosin Reservoir, which if we begin with June 25, 1950, the North Koreans attack, and they nearly overrun the Korean Peninsula.
00:36:42.900There's a Pusan perimeter, and they're barely holding.
00:36:46.240There's some really epic, heroic moments there.
00:36:48.440They're barely holding, and then they land at Incheon, where they basically flank the North Koreans and force them to withdraw to the north.
00:36:59.140And over a series of months, the Allied armies, under MacArthur's command, push towards the Chinese border.
00:37:06.820And he believes the war will be won by Christmas.
00:39:19.220And the Chinese have over 120,000 men surrounding the 1st Marine Division as well as some attached army units, which are around 30,000 strong.
00:39:30.560The numbers fluctuate, but they're vastly outnumbered, 8, 10 to 1, in many cases or more.
00:39:40.820And the Chinese are basically attacked at the end of November 1950.
00:39:46.640And their job is to destroy and annihilate elements of the 1st Marine Division as well as the division.
00:39:56.280And George Company is in a place called Coterie, which is a small little hamlet.
00:40:00.860It's under the command of Chesky Puller, the legendary Marine general.
00:40:04.700And he is told to organize a task force to relieve a place called – to add reinforcements to Hagerory.
00:40:14.160And it's here that everything is coming together for the division.
00:40:18.660The various elements of the division are retreating towards Hagerory.
00:40:22.420They're building an airstrip to reinforce the division and then bring out the combat wounded, but they need time.
00:40:30.460And the George Company has to break through a cauldron to somehow get to Hagerory so that they can build the airfield and they can also hold the town.
00:40:43.760And the Puller organizes a task force.
00:40:46.120They have to go up an 11-mile road, and on each side of the road is a Chinese division, thousands of troops.
00:41:32.200We've got our closing segment, and we've got our closing segment, and we're going to close with the heroism of these individuals to inspire you.
00:41:48.160We've got our closing segment, and we're going to close with the heroism of these individuals to inspire you on a Christmas morning.
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00:45:20.120And Rocco Zulu, who's the main character in this book, who's a master sergeant, who's in Guana Canal and many other Pacific War campaigns, is on a .50 caliber machine gun and tries to take out many of these infiltrators.
00:45:37.700And is shot through the chest multiple times with bullets.
00:45:42.980I'll never forget when I interviewed him.
00:48:18.060And the next thing I know, a year or so later, I'm at their reunions.
00:48:22.560And it's one of the great untold stories of the – up until that point of the Korean War, of how these men helped save the 1st Marine Division, which then was able to evacuate Agri and make their way back to the coast.
00:48:37.520And one of the greatest – I mean, the Battle of the Chosen Reservoir is an epic story.
00:48:57.620The Chinese, I'm telling you, bad duty there.
00:49:01.360All of Korea, the whole thing was just a nightmare.
00:49:04.580And the lack of training and equipment and all of it, it just – you see oftentimes how the troops are not really at the top of people's minds.
00:49:12.260That's what we do the Combat History Christmas every Christmas.