00:01:52.040I mean, people, our audience really loved it.
00:01:54.240And what they loved about it, you take a very different take on 250.
00:01:59.860You go all the way back, but you're not given a revolution, which is we've got Eric Metaxe's thing trying to get Eric on the side, trying to get Eric on to talk about his book, Revolutionary War.
00:02:11.640You took a very different take on commemorating the 250th anniversary.
00:03:04.060And what they showed was with their vision of what the future could look like for America, but not only for America, but for the world, but also that willingness to sort of put everything on the line, including their own lives, to make this bold step to declare independence from the greatest empire on earth, Great Britain.
00:03:24.620and also to this kind of commitment that they had to pushing and devoting their energy to make sure that this kind of thing happened.
00:03:36.600So it wasn't just a dreamy vision of what could happen if America would become independent and then let's get down to real business.
00:03:48.020All of those are characteristics of what we call the founder mindset.
00:03:52.560And that's true for that group of men in 1776 and those who supported them.
00:03:58.460But it's also true for in American business and in certain crucial moments in American history.
00:04:04.200As I explain in the book, it's also important in American governance.
00:04:09.160And when you look at what happened with Abraham Lincoln in the Civil War, when you look at Martin Luther King, the civil rights movement.
00:04:16.860And I think if we look at what Donald Trump has been working to accomplish, both in his first term and in the second term, you see that same combination of drive, of vision, of willingness to take big risks in order to achieve major opportunities.
00:04:34.600And and also, too, from the point of view of our government and thinking about it as a way to rededicate, rededicate America to what those founding principles really were in 1776 and then again in 1787 with the Constitution.
00:04:51.620The because I break that period down into three sections, the American Revolution, which I say essentially culminated, a part of it culminated on the signing of the Declaration of War, Declaration of Independence.
00:05:07.960Then you had the Revolutionary War. You actually had to fight for it. Then you had nation building where the revolutionary generation, some of them came back with others and had the Constitutional Convention, but set the Constitution up, etc.
00:05:21.620What ties together Freedom's Forge, which is really talking about World War II in a totally different take, you look at industrial power and the way that industrial power was essential to actually becoming the underpinnings of global freedom really was, in addition to the valor and courage of our fighting men from the Eighth Air Force over Germany to Peleliu,
00:05:49.160was this underpinning of a massive industrial power
00:05:53.060that could take on Imperial Japan and the Nazis simultaneously and defeat them.
00:05:59.960To tie it back, because in Founders' Fire, you do talk about individuals,
00:06:05.240but what's fascinating to me, you talk about times in history you've had groups that have a Founders' Fire.
00:06:12.360The Industrial Revolution and how we perfected it to the United States,
00:06:16.780and maybe Britain didn't, is because you had guys like Henry Ford,
00:06:23.440When you get to Detroit in the 1930s and 40s,
00:06:27.680and then the aircraft industry, you have a mindset of a generation.
00:06:32.220That's very different than individuals.
00:06:33.920I mean, a lot of times we think, and I can say with President Trump,
00:06:37.620oftentimes it feels like you're fighting alone or with a handful of compadres.
00:06:43.060Where we've really moved the needle is when that founder's fire spreads throughout a generation of like-minded individuals, and then you have huge things like the 30 or 40 years it took to actually – the revolution, the winning of a war, and the founding of a powerful nation is a 30- or 40-year process.
00:07:03.560What gave us Freedoms Forge, the ability and capacity to do that in Detroit was a 30-, 40-, or 50-year process, but you had like-minded mindset across, and it was embodied or manifested in many different individuals, right?
00:07:20.240And then all the way through these institutions, they institutionalized the revolution in the building of the nation.
00:07:27.200They institutionalized the industrial revolution in the modern industrial power of the United States.
00:07:34.700And I think this is what separates us from really who founded the industrial revolution, the British.
00:08:07.800Well, up until then, everything, the power, the way you got things done was basically muscle power,
00:08:15.520either animal muscle power or human muscle power,
00:08:18.340from the building of the pyramids all the way through to the slave plantations in the south,
00:08:23.880the slave plantations in the Caribbean, the peasant economies of Europe, continental Europe,
00:08:31.700for thousands of years, going back before the Romans, was all built on muscle power.
00:08:36.980Steam power, for the first time, you have an alternative source, much more productive,
00:08:42.560much more efficient, much more energy density compared to having to rely on human muscle
00:08:49.160and being able to do a single steam engine, a power engine,
00:08:53.760able to do the work of hundreds, even thousands of people in a shorter amount of time.
00:08:59.220That generation who brought that about, men like Matthew Bolton,
00:09:04.700who's really the great titan of the iron industry in Britain, Josiah Wedgwood,
00:09:09.720they were a generation, and they enabled Britain to win a war, a world war against Napoleon,
00:09:17.520arming both the Navy and also the Army, and also financing all of the continental allies,
00:09:24.600Russia and Prussia and Austria, all depended upon the money that that economy, that that
00:09:30.800globalized economy that Britain was able to build, thanks to that industrial revolution,
00:09:36.740was able to bring to bear. And that was the case with us, too, in World War II.
00:09:41.040It wasn't just an industrial might to arm America.
00:09:46.880We were also arming our allies, including Russia, including the Soviet Union, in ways in which they could never have survived the war without that economic industrial muscle that was built into the American mindset in the 30s and 40s.
00:10:04.000You have to help me out here because you look back over history, the 18th century is just so much.
00:10:11.900So we talked about last time in 1776, we release, within six months, we release the first volume of the decline and fall,
00:10:22.300Gibbons' decline and fall of the Roman Empire, Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations,
00:10:27.200and topped off by Jefferson and Adams with the Declaration of Independence, right?
00:10:31.620Not a bad run in six months. Right. But the forerunners of all the great industrial revolution being manifested were all learning and thinking and tinkering at that time.
00:10:44.380Also, what was it about the 18th century, particularly in Scotland, in the British Isles, that led to this magnificent flowering in ideas about man and man's relationship to government, man's relationship to economics, and at the same time, the mechanical arts, really taking the beginning of science but turning it into what we call technology?
00:11:07.100Why did why why was the 18th century such a major foundational element for the modern world?
00:11:15.380Great question. A lot of it I talk about in my book that, you know, very well, how the Scots invented the modern world.
00:11:22.160And I talk about a backwater country that's on its ass, essentially.1.00
00:11:26.360Right. Because it is broke. How does that happen? Broke. How does that happen?1.00
00:11:31.020It happens in two ways. Number one is that this bankrupt, impoverished country, no natural resources at all.
00:11:41.260Scotland is go to the high. There's nothing there. And for generations, even after even after the union with Britain,
00:11:50.500Scots try to get away from the homeland as fast as possible, whether it's to North America, whether it's to to Africa,
00:11:57.020or whether it's India, Caribbean, beyond. But the one resource, the one imperishable resource
00:12:03.980that Scotland had, thanks to the church, thanks to the Presbyterian church, was literacy.
00:12:10.660It was, I think, without doubt, in the 18th century, the most literate population on earth.
00:12:54.420And the Reformation is that the church, the Catholic church, was widely believed, had kept the masses ignorant of what the true message of God and Scripture was.
00:13:05.000And that the best way to make that message immediate to everyone was to disintermediate the priest cast by giving a fancy Harvard Business School term, but the same concept.
00:13:19.060Disintermediate the priest cast by the printing press.
00:13:22.500But people have to be able to read to take advantage of the freeing press.
00:13:25.260And it's that in Reformation, every man or every person is on priest, the priesthood of all believers.
00:13:31.560And that the equipment, the essential equipment, if you're going to play that, do that kind of role, is you're going to have to be able to read.
00:13:38.260But how does literacy then turn to the magnificence of what you had?
00:13:48.780And Jefferson and those guys would admit they got this from the English Enlightenment, right?
00:13:53.400But also the technology part and the science part, the foundations of the Industrial Revolution, the foundational element of that all took place in the late 18th century.
00:14:04.320And what happens is in Scotland, you get a generation of intellectual leaders like Adam Smith who are able to watch the process of commercialization of society, of the changes, the positive changes that take place in a society as a result of trade and commerce.
00:14:22.820They watch it happen from the ground up. They can watch it grow up from up from the ground and from a workforce that has this incredible gift of literacy.
00:14:34.320But also, too, of a philosophy that takes root in Scotland in the 18th century, the philosophy of common sense.
00:14:41.740The idea that every human being is equipped with an ability to understand the right and wrong, to understand what's up and what's down.
00:14:49.960Drill down on this, because in Germany and the continent, you have Voltaire, you have these great thinkers, but it's very theoretical.
00:14:56.820And a lot of it's just when you look at it today, it's like it's just dead wrong, but it led to a lot of problems.
00:15:01.860Why did the Scottish and the British come to this whole thing of common sense?
00:15:06.240It's a break from the elitism of the continental philosophy and the usual approach to enlightenment that you see, which is that enlightenment and understanding the world belongs only to a few trained minds who are able to understand the world as it really is, who are able to understand the larger metaphysical principles that underpin everything.
00:15:28.540The Scots say, no, this is something everybody is equipped in order to do this.
00:15:33.920And if you have that trust in the ability of ordinary people to understand how the world works, equip them with the power of literacy and of being able to make and to and to create based on how they're able to understand the scientific,
00:15:53.200the mechanical principles that they're able to learn and understand
00:15:56.520of how to enter into that world and to make a difference
00:19:07.120I mean, he takes, I tell people, if you want to start with the issues with Islam,
00:19:13.400Gibbons laid it out for you in 1776, or later, I guess it was a couple of years later, the volume came out.
00:19:20.460What was it again that he picked up from the Scottish Enlightenment
00:19:23.960that was the framing device that made that all made sense eventually in his writings,
00:19:28.780from the ruins he was sitting in to evening vespers with the monks that he couldn't figure
00:19:35.400out how did this all happen? What he realized was that the Roman Empire and the Romans and the
00:19:42.820ruling elite of that society simply didn't have the means by which to confront the challenge of
00:19:50.280barbarism. That in a primitive economy of that sort, so dependent upon agricultural labor and
00:19:58.360a a workforce that are basically enslaved or peasant bound to the land that you just don't
00:20:06.900have the material resources necessary. Although Roman engineering, Roman engineering was at the
00:20:12.400elite. It's what separate their roads, the way they brought water down, that they were the way
00:20:18.320monuments are magnificent, the way they threw bridges across the Colosseum, you know, bridges
00:20:22.600across the Rhine. And sitting there in the forum, looking at the ruins of the great temple of
00:20:28.760Jupiter and the other surrounding, the remains of the greatest empire the world had ever known,
00:20:36.700and then realizing that all of this came to nothing. All this crumbled and collapsed.
00:20:44.180And part of it is he gives part of the blame to Christianity in the sense that Christianity sapped away the morale of that we don't need to keep this empire going because there's another empire coming, which is the city of God.
00:21:02.480And that therefore, that by directing our, the Christianity directed human beings' goal and horizons towards a world beyond this one.
00:21:14.180Also sapped, it did sapped the military focus of the ethos of the warrior class, particularly the centurions.0.78
00:21:23.500But see, that's so interesting, because given understood, that's all there was.
00:21:27.280There wasn't an economic base, what we would call an economic or industrial base.
00:21:32.480of a modern sort on which you could rebuild an economy and rebuild society.
00:21:37.300It was either, you had the soldier emperors who held the empire together with an iron clamp
00:21:43.220and kept the barbarians at bay, and then if their grip slipped, then barbarism and collapsed.
00:21:53.020It's interesting because in his case, the line he was drawing is, this isn't going to happen to us.
00:22:00.260And people often read Gibbon in that regard.
00:22:02.920Oh, he's predicting decline and fall of the British Empire.
00:22:51.740That the story of the French Revolution, which happens at almost the same period of time, that revolution is one that celebrates not the freedom of the individual, but the power of the community, the general will, as Jean-Jacques Rousseau framed it.
00:23:10.680And if you look at the two paths, and I've written about this in an essay in Civitas Outlook, the magazine, the online magazine on this, that the modern world is, I believe, shaped by two legacies.
00:23:25.920One from the French Revolution, the events and ideas that it set in motion, and the other of the Scottish Enlightenment and the American Revolution as part of that branch of the revolutionary generation of the 18th century.
00:23:39.700that from the French Revolution ideas and direction, the necessity of supporting the
00:23:46.360community over the individual, that the individual is free to submit to the standards and demands
00:23:53.220of the general will of the community, we get Marxism, communism, the national socialism
00:24:00.560flow from that heritage that springs out of France and the French Revolution, including
00:24:06.340the violence and terror that flows. From the Scottish Enlightenment, we get the American
00:24:12.060Revolution. We get the changes within Britain itself of evolving into modern democracy in the
00:24:19.20019th century. This is the current fight we have within this country. It's happening right now.
00:24:22.600It's the Mondami. When Mondami is promulgating in New York City, what you see in Minneapolis,
00:24:28.540in the streets of Minneapolis, is exactly those two revolutions at war themselves here in the
00:24:34.940United States today. Today. And what is dismaying is that I don't think people really understand
00:24:42.060that. I think they see someone like Mamdani or even AOC or Bernie Sanders. They see them as
00:24:51.200figures who flash and who have magnetic personalities that draw media attention
00:24:58.120and have interesting things to say instead of saying, what are they, what ideologies are they
00:25:03.940really conveying here? What's the future that they're looking and setting out for us here?
00:25:08.340And it's ones that I believe are ultimately rooted in evil. When I listened to Mondani,
00:25:17.160the face that I see, when I heard him in the very first debate, the very first debate he had,
00:25:23.700a mayoral debate that they broadcast, I said, who does that face remind me of? And I said,
00:25:52.920People think of Paul Pott today, if they think about him at all,
00:25:55.940They think the killing fields of some monster that has something he was he was a open, vibrant personality.
00:26:03.080This reason he was able to do what he could do.
00:26:05.560Delightful guy to go and sit in the cafe and one of the biggest, one of the most brutal murderers in modern history.0.83
00:26:12.060Now, I don't think Mamdani has the same goal, but you're setting setting up the cult, the killing fields or.0.56
00:26:18.120But there is nothing in his outlook on what needs to be changed and transformed in terms of American society that doesn't overlap with what Paul Potts' great goals were.
00:26:31.140We're going to take a short commercial break.
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00:28:26.560everyone's focused on how the conflict in the middle east is raising oil prices but there's
00:28:31.980another grim reality to this contention oil isn't the only resource being constrained about one
00:28:38.980third of global fertilizer trade happens through this region and with spring planting season on
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00:29:52.120Listen up, patriots. President Trump is dropping a $100 trillion bomb on the globalists. Jerome Powell's term has come to a close, and he's installing a real America First Fed chair who will, according to Jim Rickards, slash rates and supercharge our reindustrialization.
00:30:12.420This is what one man is calling Trump's gift on America's 250th anniversary, unleashing a historic super cycle in American mining, rare earths, uranium and gold.
00:30:24.800The same forces that turned five thousand dollars into over a million in less than five years during China's booms are hitting here now.
00:30:32.760Jim Rickards, the former CIA, Pentagon and White House advisor, has the battle plan.0.58
00:30:38.200The gold royalty stock that could skyrocket in the next few years and the Iranian power for AI.0.85
00:32:05.300the protocols and they says no i want to meet him and he's at his pool house where he lives in
00:32:09.100johan chai which is the the where president trump went was she on the last day and they go over and
00:32:16.880it's just four of them it's nixon and kissinger are very jet-lagged and you have cho enlai and
00:32:22.920you have mal and they're just kind of sitting there mal trying to figure out what these guys
00:32:26.020are like and of course they have translators and there's some slowness you know there's a thing and
00:32:31.180So Kissinger, who is very nervous to keep the conversation going in one of these lulls, you know, turns to Cho in line, says, you know, you're a revolutionary figure.
00:32:42.200What are your thoughts on the French Revolution?
00:32:44.420Going back to your point, it's the railhead of that.
00:32:47.560And Cho in line looks at him, he takes a while, and he says, too early to tell.
00:32:56.380It's a long view of history, but it's a correct view of history.0.89
00:32:58.560It's what you just made, the analogy that, hey, you see AOC, you see Mandami, and the media presents him as, you know, Mandami had the little TikToks and he was going through the grocery stores.0.88
00:33:08.900But people forget, and we're not saying he's going to be a Pol Pot, but if you look back at the time, people don't know anything about Pol Pot, except he was a worse murderer than even Hitler.0.56
00:33:22.140I was thinking it was 30 million people in Southeast Asia.0.50
00:33:55.660Horrible. Horrible. 35 million casualties.
00:33:58.140Did not. We believed all the propaganda that the communists and their supporters were providing about what a post-Civil War Maoist regime would look like.
00:34:08.300And it was a complete fabrication and we fell for it.
00:34:11.520I'm going to get to that in the MacArthur. And by the way, we're going to try to do another episode very quickly.
00:34:18.580Pol Pot didn't start by saying, I'm going to go massacre, you know, a million and a half of my fellow Cambodians in order to in order to bring about my my dream.
00:34:29.720But this is what happens. This is what happens in socialist, the socialist political process and communism marks and communism springing out along the same flowing from the same branch.
00:34:41.680And that is, is that it's all built on an idea that human beings can be perfected and be perfect.
00:34:48.580and that you just have to create the conditions through government
00:34:52.220in which human beings will always act on their best behavior
00:34:56.940and will always be able to carry out the highest wishes that we have
00:35:03.460about what makes a perfect world, a utopian view of the world.
00:35:06.940But of course what happens is humans don't act the way socialists want them to.
00:36:05.780and spin their ideas about what a perfect society would look like,
00:36:10.860about how we would save the planet in terms of protecting against climate change.
00:36:19.040Don't give them the power, the means by which they can put their absurd ideas, utopian dreams, into action.
00:36:27.820Because they will do whatever they can to pursue that.
00:36:32.960And human liberty and happiness pays the price.
00:36:36.040Isn't it fascinating that the same cafes and clubs that were the foundational element for0.83
00:36:42.840the French Revolution, that ultimately, if you go back and look at the Chinese communists,0.97
00:36:49.420if you look at Ho Chi Minh, if you look at Zhou Enlai, if you look at Pol Pot, the Asians0.82
00:36:54.260that really took the model of the French Revolution more even than the Bolsheviks and really0.96
00:37:00.920tried to perfect it, all of them, Deng Xiaoping, all of them started their education, they
00:37:07.860were all brought in, they were all in Paris, right, and they were all in Paris, in the
00:37:11.440same cafes, with the same types of philosophies, being taught by the same types of people.
00:37:16.880Same Marxist professors at the university, men like Louis Althusser and others, I have
00:37:22.060a long discourse if you like, Alexandre Colgev, and who, the sort of Hegelian.
00:37:27.340Well, that's what tried to happen here with Herbert Marcuse and the Frankfurt School.
00:37:30.540they try to come to the united states people you have to understand this it is a it's interlocked
00:37:36.300right of what they've tried to do all from the railhead in paris and that radicalness whether0.77
00:37:41.040it's the frankfurt school coming here to the united states or it's taking these asian young0.90
00:37:46.300kids and that's what they do chou enlai deng xiao ping uh ho chi min ho chi min pol pot they all go0.54
00:37:54.580to the universities or the left bank of paris they all sit in the same cafes they all get infused at0.96
00:37:59.660the formative years with these radical ideas, and you see later you get the killing fields of Asia.0.96
00:38:05.900That's right. And in the chaos that follows post-colonial Asia,0.92
00:38:11.000their opportunity springs up to do just that. First in China, but then, of course, also in Vietnam0.86
00:38:17.840as well as French rule, or even I would say French misrule, declines and falls apart.
00:38:25.720those moments then come to put all of those ideas you can't you can't understand you can't
00:38:33.580understand how there could be hatred by the working class people against french elites and
00:38:39.260french aristocracy because the most arrogant the french aristocracy is the most arrogant world
00:38:43.000the great story of the french revolution is when after and this is what's so fascinating about the
00:38:48.600story having financed the american revolution first off the french and indian wars and then
00:38:55.000the American Revolution, the French basic government was broke, right? Because that's
00:39:01.220because of the first global war was really the French and the English fighting on battlefields
00:39:07.380all over the world for essentially global control. And the French underwrote that. In fact, we would
00:39:13.440not have won. This guy knows his history. We would not have known victory if we didn't have the French
00:39:20.540fleet and the french thing but particularly franklin those guys are they get french money
00:39:24.920when they get cash when they get they come to them and say look we're broke this is the same
00:39:29.760time that we're trying to now come out of the war and build our nation the and as you know the the0.93
00:39:35.160united states has a we started with the english because we don't want to pay taxes for the french
00:39:39.300and indian war but we're not about stiffing the french either for helping us they go they said
00:39:45.020look we got to figure out how to pay for this and they said well how do you do it says well
00:39:49.280Well, we need to raise taxes, but most importantly, we need to get our hands on some of this church revenue and church income like Henry VIII did over in England that made them a global power.
00:40:01.600But the way to do that is we have to bring the estates general.
00:40:12.780It's taxation with representation.0.69
00:40:14.740Taxation with – we're going to do exactly different than the English did.
00:40:17.520And that's we're going to not have a revolution here.
00:40:19.640And the non-nobles and non-clerics in that the three estates, aristocracy, clergy, and then the bourgeoisie and the towns, they that group said, OK, hang on.0.78
00:40:34.440They're going to they're actually going to take one step farther.
00:40:38.360And that's how you get young lawyers, like a lot of lawyers, like Robespierre, a lot of who are not.
00:40:44.240But the finance minister says, and when better, King, because, you know, your people are seeing that you're going to have taxation with representation already through.
00:40:53.820Let's go ahead and just publish the books.
00:40:56.080Let's give them the complete financial situation so they'll be our partners in making this change.
00:41:06.160So they had these broadsheets, and they actually put the books of the cash flow in and the debts.
00:41:11.900And these people are looking at it and they're going, we're living like animals in the sewers of Paris.
00:41:18.060And look at this. These guys have all this. They own everything and they pissed everything away.
00:41:23.720The single biggest line of demarcation is once people saw the books, they go, are you crazy?
00:41:30.920We're living like animals and you're living in Versailles and you've got all this and you've bankrupted us.
00:41:36.720And, you know, you have you can't manage the government at all.
00:41:40.140In fact, there has to be that empowered the one estate that the young lawyer said, I think we can have a better idea on this.
00:41:47.520And, of course, you had all the radicals underneath the people that believed in God and the people that, you know, it was a spiritual war, too.
00:41:53.760But the practical nature of it is once you open the books, the little guy understood, why am I living like an animal?0.91
00:42:00.860I'm being screwed. Why am I being screwed? And they're living in Versailles.0.97
00:42:03.740That's right. And, you know, in some ways, I sort of feel just to bring it up to contemporary events, I kind of feel like this whole anti-fraud campaign that the vice president, that J.D. Vance and others are lynching, has a similar, could have a similar impact of making people, because we have been sold, the American public has been sold for since the Great Society, that all of these wonderful welfare state programs.
00:42:30.540The $39 trillion that we paid for the welfare first.
00:42:35.040That just happens to equate to it, but randomly with the number of our debt is.
00:42:38.060That's right. It was all done for the betterment of the poor and the oppressed.
00:42:41.980I'm not an Elon fan, but his original construct that we can cut a trillion dollars in our annual budget because the whole thing's fraud, he didn't really have the ability to do it.
00:42:52.420OMB does, but you're right. There's been so much fraud. We're just seeing the surface of it.
00:42:56.640It's so corrupt and how it's misallocated money.
00:43:00.540He had the, he had took one look, made a common sense call on and said, we can, we can clear
00:43:05.860out, clear up half a trillion dollars just off the top.
00:43:09.800But I think what we're really going to discover, Steve, if, if the vice president, if I were
00:43:16.100advising him and advising the anti-fraud task force that they're working on, is you can
00:43:20.800expand this narrative and you can begin to show that this entire welfare state, great
00:43:26.560society apparatus that we have been paying for, that has been built on the U.S. government
00:43:33.880has all been a fraud, that it's all been a means by which to enrich a whole range of
00:43:42.920NGOs, of a whole range of politicians and government bureaucrats who have made their
00:43:49.340living scooping out the money that taxpayers are providing, thinking that it's going to0.77
00:43:55.340make the lives of the poor and oppressed, the halt and the lame, the widows and orphans
00:46:11.840We need big changes and big transformations.
00:46:14.180And for a few crucial months in 1789 in France, the early stages of the French Revolution, they were moving in that kind of direction.
00:46:24.120And then the radicals seized control as the government began to lose more and more grip on civil order in a situation like that.
00:46:33.060It's a story that's been told in not just in France, but across around the world ever since of what happens when the status quo government loses control of civil order and the radicals are able to grab a hold and step into power.
00:46:48.580I don't want to put another burden of a book, but you got to take that essay and expand it to a book because people don't understand.
00:46:58.000You see what's happening in Minnesota.
00:46:59.780You know, you have Bruce Springsteen with a song running around his concert.
00:47:02.020You see, the basic fundamental difference comes from that period in the two revolution that were inspired, one by the Scottish Enlightenment, right?
00:47:12.860And in the practical nature of just the English speaking people versus the, as Thomas Moore warned us about in the book Utopia.
00:47:21.180And then we were born again in Brave New World, right?
00:47:24.240The whole concept of kind of do gooderism, you know, to do good.0.84
00:47:28.140But it ends up in the killing fields of Pol Pot.0.79
00:47:30.540If I can conceive a perfect world in my mind, why can't there be a perfect world in reality?
00:47:36.560That's the kind of framework of thinking about the world that you're often taught at the university level, at an academic level.
00:47:46.100And then when you carry that into, if you're given the opportunity to carry that into reality, as happened in post-colonial Asia, as it happened in France after 1792,
00:47:57.780too, the results can be truly horrible.
00:48:03.840We're going to get you to stick around, and we're going to do this.
00:48:06.140We're going to play the second part tomorrow night.
00:48:08.380But in teeing up to talk about Asia and everything with MacArthur, all that,
00:48:11.820the Industrial Revolution, what we saw in Freedom's Forge.
00:48:15.780Give me a couple of minutes just to end this episode, but to tell us what happened,
00:48:19.380what was so spectacular about what manifested itself in the 1920s, 30s, and 40s
00:48:25.580in the United States in our industrial heartland.
00:48:27.780Well, actually, I talk a lot about this in Founders Fire also, which is that what you had was a revolution that is set in motion by, again, a revolution in terms of sources of power.
00:48:42.300As America moved away from steam power as a primary means of moving industrial development and manufacturing, the inheritance from the British, from the 18th century, from that point of view,
00:48:55.840and then make the crucial jump to using gasoline and kerosene in an internal combustion engine.
00:49:05.500And that is a jump not, we think about, usually we think about the internal combustion engine
00:49:11.260and the power provided through the energy density of gasoline or its predecessor, kerosene.
00:49:22.420That's how John D. Rockefeller made his fortune, was by refining from gasoline, getting kerosene and using that for illumination, but also for power as well.
00:49:32.500We think about it in terms of the automobile and our mobility, but it also became a key factor in transforming how Americans' factories ran and how the source of power for America's industrial might in the 20th century flows from that same sources of power.
00:49:53.640And so what happens in the case of Detroit is that these two revolutions, these two developments, our industrial revolution and the mobility revolutions that Henry Ford, and he's not alone, set in motion with the automobile, come together.
00:50:12.000And the result is to make Detroit and the automotive industry the center of the economic world, not just of American economy, but also the center of how America becomes the dominant economic force in the world.
00:50:30.300The Great Depression represents a kind of speed bump in that development.
00:50:46.260Government doesn't help with its redistributionist approach to dealing with this economic shock.
00:50:54.320I mean, all of Roosevelt's plans, by 1938, were back into the worst days of the Depression.
00:51:00.860The second, what they call the Second Great Depression hits.
00:51:04.180But that generation, this goes to the point we started with, that generation who had then, who had built Detroit into this industrial as well as automotive hub, they simply persevered through.
00:51:17.860They just powered through the Great Depression.
00:51:20.120The same patterns of making cars, of getting American consumers to face that, to make the decision to buy a new automobile, continues and goes on and then carries through when that same mentality and mindset and base has to be mobilized for war.
00:51:38.800We're going to continue this conversation tomorrow, so let's go out with the right stuff.
00:51:44.560Arthur Herman, where do they go to get all your books?