Juno News - July 01, 2020


Mandatory Masks and Campus Censors


Episode Stats


Length

33 minutes

Words per minute

161.60365

Word count

5,435

Sentence count

262

Harmful content

Misogyny

1

sentences flagged

Hate speech

2

sentences flagged


Summary

Summaries generated with gmurro/bart-large-finetuned-filtered-spotify-podcast-summ .

Calgary wants to tax you if you work from home, Toronto wants to make masks mandatory, and the death of academic freedom is on the horizon. Andrew Lawton's Most Irreverent Talk Show starts right now.

Transcript

Transcript generated with Whisper (turbo).
Misogyny classifications generated with MilaNLProc/bert-base-uncased-ear-misogyny .
Hate speech classifications generated with facebook/roberta-hate-speech-dynabench-r4-target .
00:00:00.000 Welcome to Canada's Most Irreverent Talk Show.
00:00:06.660 This is the Andrew Lawton Show, brought to you by True North.
00:00:12.960 Coming up, taxing you for working from home, mandatory masks, and the death of academic freedom.
00:00:21.480 The Andrew Lawton Show starts right now.
00:00:25.060 Welcome to the Andrew Lawton Show, Canada's Most Irreverent Talk Show here on True North.
00:00:33.220 Hope you are having a wonderful Canada Day, or as we prefer to call it, Dominion Day.
00:00:38.240 No point in changing the name of something on account of trying to make it sound like a big sale event at your local superstore.
00:00:45.480 Dominion Day, the original name, that's how we know it here.
00:00:47.900 Then again, I'm also still, as I mentioned on Monday, missing the red ensign.
00:00:51.920 So, you'll have to accept if I'm a little bit outdated as far as what the new patriotic symbols and slogans are for Canada.
00:01:00.180 But regardless, hope you're enjoying a bit of a day off time with the family,
00:01:03.280 especially in light of what's happened in this country in the last few months and around the world.
00:01:08.400 One thing that is a bit of a warning, if you've been working from home, as I know so many have in the pandemic,
00:01:13.560 and you live in Calgary, the city of Calgary is looking to tax you just because you work from home.
00:01:19.940 So, just to put this in context, while everyone around the world is saying,
00:01:24.520 how do we deal with the economic effects and implications of coronavirus, of COVID-19,
00:01:30.080 the city of Calgary is saying, I've got an idea.
00:01:33.560 So, all these people that have to work from home, hit them with a tax.
00:01:36.720 This comes in a report that was published by Calgary's Financial Task Force,
00:01:42.580 which is anytime government has a task force, you know, it's never going to be all that good.
00:01:46.980 And they have this idea of bringing property taxation into the 21st century.
00:01:52.420 Now, again, they mean how to raise it.
00:01:54.640 That's exactly what they mean.
00:01:56.420 Because they say here, revenue sources for Canadian municipalities are limited.
00:02:00.640 So, they're trying to find ways that they can grow different revenue potential.
00:02:05.740 And they take a few pages to try to beat around the bush until they eventually say
00:02:10.360 that they need to modernize and adapt and do all of this
00:02:14.920 and find municipal revenue opportunities available through the digital economy.
00:02:20.660 And you scroll down way, way, way down, way, way, way down.
00:02:24.240 And you get to the very bottom, the last paragraph of the last recommendation
00:02:28.020 of the last page of this section.
00:02:29.900 So, right now, the big discussion everyone's having is whether people should continue to work
00:02:51.920 from home, which means more home offices, and you might save a bit of money on gas,
00:02:55.900 on parking, on work-life balance, may improve.
00:02:59.840 But don't worry, government will find a way to screw it up.
00:03:02.540 Because Calgary wants to do a home office tax.
00:03:06.580 Like, this is absurd to me.
00:03:09.040 Because if you own your home, you pay your property tax,
00:03:11.960 you're paying your water, your hydro.
00:03:13.780 It's not even like the city is giving you more for the privilege of staying home.
00:03:19.100 They just realize that, hey, commercial real estate,
00:03:22.200 which, by the way, is already in a terrible situation in Calgary.
00:03:25.720 Just take a look at Candace Malcolm's documentary with True North, Calgary in Crisis.
00:03:30.180 But they're saying that, oh, well, you know, we're going to have fewer corporate tenants.
00:03:33.340 We need to get some of this money back elsewhere.
00:03:35.680 Oh, yeah, you run a home daycare?
00:03:37.360 Boom, more property taxes.
00:03:38.860 You write blog posts from home?
00:03:40.480 More property taxes.
00:03:41.720 You do a podcast?
00:03:44.320 We're not in Calgary, Nancy.
00:03:45.740 You can't come after us here.
00:03:46.900 But never, never doubt government's way to, at the worst time,
00:03:51.240 put the worst possible proposal forward and, unfortunately, probably still get away from it.
00:03:56.220 Although, oddly, not the weirdest proposal or the worst proposal to come from a city council this week,
00:04:01.960 Toronto has decided to mandate masks indoors.
00:04:06.500 City council voted to make masks mandatory throughout the coronavirus pandemic.
00:04:10.960 And the goal here is that indoor public spaces must have people wearing these face coverings
00:04:17.000 so that we can prevent a second, third, 17th wave, wherever is coming next.
00:04:22.560 And, you know, the thing about this that I have to point out here,
00:04:25.180 and we talked about this going back to, I think, February,
00:04:28.120 we have gone from masks are dangerous, don't wear masks,
00:04:32.780 to, ah, well, okay, I guess if you really want to, you can wear a mask if it's going to make you feel better,
00:04:38.760 to, okay, all right, fine, you know, wear a mask,
00:04:42.740 to, all right, we're going to shame you if you don't,
00:04:45.100 to now we're going to prosecute you.
00:04:46.920 So in just three months, we've gone from masks are terrible,
00:04:49.840 don't you dare wear a mask,
00:04:51.440 to we're going to fine you up to $1,000 if you are indoors in Toronto and not wearing a mask.
00:04:57.680 Now, this may not, in fact, be constitutional.
00:04:59.760 The Canadian Constitution Foundation has put out a statement raising concerns about it.
00:05:05.480 They think that communities with mask orders are violating charter rights.
00:05:10.140 Guelph was the first one to do it.
00:05:12.140 I think that was last week or so.
00:05:14.640 And now that Toronto has,
00:05:16.360 I wouldn't be surprised if other communities started to follow suit.
00:05:20.000 So this is going to be pretty bad.
00:05:22.100 Now, I'm not anti-mask, by the way.
00:05:23.940 I mean, in my city, there aren't a lot of cases.
00:05:26.040 I don't go out all that much.
00:05:27.280 I wore a mask once, and that was when I was required to do it to get my hair cut.
00:05:31.420 And in that case, the businesses said this is the rule.
00:05:33.980 If a business says you must wear a mask to shop here,
00:05:37.060 I'm going to respect their right to do that,
00:05:38.980 and I'll make a decision accordingly.
00:05:41.240 But mandating masks, which is what city councils have done,
00:05:45.180 is really bad right now for two reasons.
00:05:48.740 First off, because it just shows that no one knows anything.
00:05:52.320 Everyone's making it up as they go along.
00:05:53.940 When Theresa Tam was saying, don't wear a mask,
00:05:56.840 and we were told to listen because she's the expert,
00:05:59.280 why are they any more correct now when they say,
00:06:02.100 oh, you've got to wear a mask?
00:06:04.040 And look, no denying masks were very helpful in places like Taiwan,
00:06:08.820 in Hong Kong, and South Korea.
00:06:10.640 Masks were how they prevented getting these massive waves initially.
00:06:14.740 But when in Canada, they're just coming around to it months after the fact,
00:06:19.940 it reeks of just being this, you know, attempt at grasping at straws,
00:06:23.940 an attempt to say that we know what's going on.
00:06:25.860 And I'm not one of these people that thinks a mask is a symbol of control.
00:06:30.020 I was actually very pro-mask earlier on,
00:06:32.440 and I wish the government had taken it seriously when it was important,
00:06:35.860 when we were still waiting for that curve to be so-called flattened.
00:06:40.220 But now the curve is flattened.
00:06:41.440 The curve has gone away.
00:06:42.320 The curve is not actually a curve.
00:06:44.060 The curve is just a flat line,
00:06:45.700 and we're still dealing with stuff like this.
00:06:48.240 So the idea of this becoming a permanent lockdown now
00:06:52.100 is what it seems like we're headed towards.
00:06:54.700 So John Tory says everyone in Toronto needs a mask.
00:06:57.560 Well, just this week,
00:06:58.500 the travel ban for Canada was extended another month until July 31st.
00:07:03.340 The longer this goes on,
00:07:05.080 the more people's patience will wear down.
00:07:07.960 And at a certain point,
00:07:09.300 you have to ask, what is it that we're waiting for?
00:07:11.860 What is it that we're waiting for?
00:07:13.400 When communities across the country are finding that things are under control,
00:07:17.320 things are fine,
00:07:18.380 why is it only three and a half months after the fact
00:07:21.680 that these discussions are taking place
00:07:24.000 when it starts to seem like things are on the right track?
00:07:27.820 So look, wear a mask, don't wear a mask.
00:07:29.840 I'm not going to publicly shame anyone one way or another.
00:07:32.720 I'm going to support businesses making their own determination.
00:07:35.620 But for City Council,
00:07:37.080 after their own medical officers
00:07:39.100 and the Canadian Medical Officers of Health
00:07:41.040 were saying, don't use masks for the longest time.
00:07:44.160 I'm just going to roll my eyes
00:07:45.220 and you'll be able to see it
00:07:46.440 because right now I'm not wearing a mask.
00:07:48.300 When we come back,
00:07:49.340 we'll talk about free speech and academic inquiry
00:07:51.780 with David Millard Haskell.
00:07:53.760 That's all up next on The Andrew Lawton Show.
00:07:56.120 Stay tuned.
00:07:56.680 Welcome back to The Andrew Lawton Show.
00:08:08.260 The big cultural battle of the month is
00:08:10.560 will you admit that whatever institution or country
00:08:13.560 you preside over is systemically racist?
00:08:15.920 Whether it's the RCMP, a political party,
00:08:18.900 Canada itself, universities, companies,
00:08:21.460 everyone has to say that everything is systemically racist.
00:08:24.600 And if you don't, you are just proving it
00:08:26.480 and that makes you a racist.
00:08:27.700 This is the theme we've been talking about
00:08:29.540 the last couple of shows
00:08:30.600 and more and more examples keep emerging of it.
00:08:33.340 Well, the latest on the list is Laurier University,
00:08:36.220 which the professor and president,
00:08:39.280 Deborah McClatchy, recognizes
00:08:41.080 has systemic racism on the campus.
00:08:44.100 She has said in a letter to the Laurier community
00:08:47.300 that Laurier needs to tackle its systemic racism
00:08:50.280 in the school and across the country.
00:08:52.780 And as such, Laurier has put forward an action plan
00:08:55.560 for equity, diversity, and inclusion and indigeneity.
00:08:59.400 Now, there may be nothing wrong
00:09:00.740 with some of the specific proposals that are called for,
00:09:03.900 but it's based on something
00:09:05.240 that hasn't actually been defined or established,
00:09:07.740 which is, is Laurier actually systemically racist?
00:09:11.620 And what does that mean?
00:09:12.880 Well, only a little bit of pushback.
00:09:14.680 Two professors, David Millard Haskell
00:09:16.440 and William McNally wrote an open letter saying,
00:09:19.300 well, hang on, you haven't defined it,
00:09:21.120 you haven't given any evidence,
00:09:22.420 and what you're calling for has much broader implications
00:09:25.520 than what you say it's about.
00:09:27.220 This letter, of course, making waves
00:09:29.360 because, well, like I said,
00:09:31.000 if you deny systemic racism,
00:09:32.420 you're part of the problem.
00:09:34.100 Fantastic letter.
00:09:35.100 It is published online at SAFS,
00:09:37.100 the Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarships website,
00:09:39.980 safs.ca.
00:09:41.180 One of the co-authors,
00:09:42.140 Professor David Millard Haskell,
00:09:43.880 joins me on the line now.
00:09:45.680 David, good to talk to you.
00:09:46.580 Thanks very much for coming on today.
00:09:48.200 It's my pleasure, Andrew.
00:09:49.180 Thanks for having me.
00:09:49.920 Now, it's not to say you've been a shrinking violet
00:09:52.520 from the free speech fight in general,
00:09:54.620 certainly not at Laurier University.
00:09:56.200 You were front and center
00:09:57.160 when the Lindsay Shepard controversy
00:09:59.560 happened a couple of years back
00:10:01.320 and you've continued to stand up for free speech.
00:10:03.980 But on this issue specifically,
00:10:05.720 why did you decide to stick your neck out,
00:10:08.240 especially in this climate
00:10:09.240 where everyone's getting canceled
00:10:10.420 and put some criticism and scrutiny
00:10:13.540 on this approach from your school's president?
00:10:16.380 Well, you know, you have to choose your battles
00:10:19.740 and both Will and I have been really concerned
00:10:24.260 about the drift within academia more generally,
00:10:28.360 but also the drift within our own university
00:10:32.060 where empirical evidence is no longer being used
00:10:36.580 in order to justify policies and messaging.
00:10:41.320 And it seems that ideological conclusions
00:10:45.980 are driving what is happening.
00:10:50.140 And these ideological conclusions
00:10:52.060 are based on good evidence.
00:10:53.540 So this was an example of this
00:10:55.080 where our president said that there was,
00:10:58.620 she made the suggestion
00:10:59.660 that systemic racism was on our campus.
00:11:03.580 And not only that,
00:11:04.980 she had an action plan to combat it.
00:11:08.200 And we just, we had to say, stop for a moment.
00:11:13.840 You're not basing this on evidence.
00:11:16.440 And so I think that there's a subtlety there even.
00:11:19.280 We're saying, we're looking for
00:11:23.060 your justification for the claim.
00:11:25.320 We're not even saying your claim is wrong at this point,
00:11:28.200 although the evidence that we've found
00:11:30.400 would suggest it is.
00:11:31.500 But what we want as a university,
00:11:35.460 as a place that makes its living,
00:11:39.200 trying to advance knowledge,
00:11:41.980 we want to see the evidence.
00:11:43.600 We want to talk about the evidence.
00:11:45.600 And so it was just standing up for the principle,
00:11:49.920 the principles that are supposed to be
00:11:51.940 the very life's blood of a university
00:11:53.980 that made us want to respond.
00:11:56.120 One of the points you and Professor McNally
00:11:58.100 raised in your letter,
00:11:59.140 which should have been an obvious one,
00:12:00.740 and it should have been the very first thing
00:12:02.580 that something like this would have addressed,
00:12:04.140 is the lack of a definition of systemic racism
00:12:07.580 or of racism in general.
00:12:09.680 And look, people may in their own minds
00:12:11.320 know what racism is by way of example.
00:12:13.840 Systemic racism is a bit more complex
00:12:15.880 and I think has a lot more baggage
00:12:18.340 and loading of that term, if I may.
00:12:21.420 And there's no definition of it.
00:12:23.560 McClatchy has said,
00:12:24.480 yes, the school is systemically racist,
00:12:25.960 but this did not come with an explanation
00:12:28.920 as to how.
00:12:29.960 And you point that out in your letter,
00:12:31.360 which, again,
00:12:32.040 and I am not downplaying what you're saying here,
00:12:34.300 it should have been an obvious question
00:12:35.720 that you raised,
00:12:36.820 but no one else was.
00:12:37.900 And the irony here in the logic,
00:12:41.120 Andrew,
00:12:41.460 is that part of her action plan
00:12:43.200 specifically says,
00:12:45.780 we need to define racism.
00:12:48.740 So she's admitted right there,
00:12:50.880 we don't have a definition,
00:12:52.740 and yet she said earlier
00:12:54.240 in this other missive
00:12:55.760 that we're systemically racist.
00:12:58.160 So that's the cart before the horse.
00:13:00.600 This isn't how you work the scientific method.
00:13:03.240 And my worry is
00:13:06.220 there was language within her email
00:13:09.500 that was referencing critical race theory,
00:13:12.880 which is an offsheet of critical theory
00:13:15.200 more generally.
00:13:16.860 And it has a lot of really
00:13:19.360 anti-academic ideas behind it.
00:13:25.800 They suggest things like
00:13:27.380 even empirical evidence
00:13:29.040 is really promoting whiteness 0.96
00:13:32.020 or white oppression
00:13:32.920 and this is right in the works
00:13:35.160 of critical race theorists.
00:13:36.780 And when you're saying
00:13:39.120 that empirical evidence
00:13:40.180 is oppression,
00:13:42.840 what else do we have?
00:13:44.400 What else do we have
00:13:45.480 that we've been using
00:13:46.280 since the Enlightenment
00:13:47.220 to actually try and get away
00:13:49.060 from issues of bias,
00:13:50.760 but instead try and advance
00:13:52.660 just neutral knowledge?
00:13:55.620 So with systemic racism,
00:13:59.980 what I'm worrying about
00:14:01.360 is that it doesn't look like racism
00:14:04.440 as we were taught, right?
00:14:06.660 Racism, when we were younger,
00:14:09.360 we were taught that
00:14:10.920 if you say something
00:14:12.660 that is negative
00:14:14.140 about someone's skin color
00:14:15.700 or about someone
00:14:16.740 because of their skin color,
00:14:18.100 if you had words or actions
00:14:20.480 that were directly discriminatory
00:14:22.240 related to someone's skin color,
00:14:24.380 that's racism.
00:14:25.240 And all of us agree
00:14:26.680 that's terrible.
00:14:28.560 It's sickening.
00:14:29.880 And we should stand against it.
00:14:31.760 But systemic racism,
00:14:33.140 it's this different thing.
00:14:34.380 And as I read the literature
00:14:35.680 and I read,
00:14:38.380 we'll talk maybe about
00:14:39.300 the single study
00:14:40.200 that Dr. McClatchy used
00:14:42.540 to justify this entire action plan.
00:14:46.340 Yeah, the being raced study.
00:14:48.280 I was going to ask about that.
00:14:50.260 So tell me why that's
00:14:51.280 such a dangerous part of this.
00:14:52.620 Well, because it in fact
00:14:54.820 explicitly says
00:14:55.780 we're using critical race theory
00:14:57.740 as the underpinnings
00:14:59.360 for the study.
00:15:00.900 And the idea of systemic racism
00:15:03.160 as it is applied
00:15:04.180 within critical race theory
00:15:05.460 is that any disparity,
00:15:07.700 any disparity where black people,
00:15:11.180 people of color
00:15:11.940 or other people of color
00:15:13.040 are at a disadvantage
00:15:15.040 where the numbers
00:15:17.080 are negatively against them,
00:15:19.000 that in and of itself is racism.
00:15:21.120 Well, that's the fallacy
00:15:23.180 of saying that
00:15:23.980 correlation equals causation.
00:15:26.720 And every researcher
00:15:28.420 knows you don't do that.
00:15:30.040 And yet here we have
00:15:30.760 a university promoting this idea,
00:15:33.800 this very anti-intellectual idea.
00:15:37.400 So it's worrying.
00:15:39.400 It's worrying when the keepers
00:15:41.140 of knowledge abandon their job.
00:15:44.280 Yeah, and that's one
00:15:47.600 of the big things.
00:15:48.560 And I know this is not
00:15:49.300 an academic point
00:15:50.860 that I'm about to address here.
00:15:52.120 But when we saw last week,
00:15:53.880 for example,
00:15:54.400 the RCMP commissioner,
00:15:55.600 Brenda Luckey,
00:15:56.240 say the RCMP is systemically racist
00:15:58.480 and failed to come up
00:15:59.760 with an explanation
00:16:00.780 for how she's reached that
00:16:02.120 and, you know,
00:16:02.920 ended up passing the question
00:16:04.020 off somewhere else.
00:16:05.200 There's something that we see
00:16:06.680 right now in this culture.
00:16:08.240 And I know we're going to talk
00:16:09.260 a little bit more
00:16:09.900 about some of these broader issues,
00:16:11.660 but where people are committed
00:16:13.940 to the outcome
00:16:15.060 before they even go
00:16:16.200 through that process.
00:16:17.060 So that's no different
00:16:17.960 than McClatchy saying that,
00:16:20.600 yes, we're systemically racist.
00:16:21.780 And one of the things
00:16:22.820 we're going to do
00:16:23.240 is come up with a definition
00:16:24.240 of what racism means.
00:16:26.180 It's like they know
00:16:27.320 that this is the right thing to say
00:16:29.080 or the so-called woke thing to say
00:16:31.000 and whatever other processes
00:16:33.240 they need to go through
00:16:34.120 to get to that point,
00:16:35.100 they're going to go through.
00:16:35.920 But they've already determined
00:16:37.180 that's where they're going with it.
00:16:39.000 Right.
00:16:39.200 And it short circuits
00:16:40.280 what actually is
00:16:41.380 the scientific method
00:16:42.500 because we want to test
00:16:44.900 and retest.
00:16:46.420 And so what actually happens
00:16:48.720 when you begin to investigate
00:16:50.720 this notion of systemic racism?
00:16:53.720 So if you're listening to people
00:16:55.780 talk about systemic racism,
00:16:57.140 especially in the context
00:16:58.620 of the George Floyd death,
00:17:00.940 they often talk about it
00:17:02.300 in terms of policing.
00:17:04.120 But Will and I,
00:17:06.580 in our letter even,
00:17:07.940 we said the best empirical evidence
00:17:10.260 shows that really
00:17:12.120 the shooting of black people
00:17:14.080 is not racially motivated.
00:17:16.520 We've got Roland Fryer
00:17:18.660 at Harvard
00:17:19.200 has done studies from 2018
00:17:21.660 and some of the most current work
00:17:22.920 we have that shows
00:17:24.400 there is not evidence
00:17:26.360 of this racial motivation.
00:17:29.360 Another fellow
00:17:29.960 at Michigan State University
00:17:32.760 from 2019,
00:17:34.900 Joseph Cesaro.
00:17:37.660 I think I'm getting
00:17:38.860 his name right.
00:17:40.040 But he did a nationwide
00:17:41.360 wide study.
00:17:42.860 And he said,
00:17:43.360 listen,
00:17:44.580 it's a fact that
00:17:45.920 a black man in America
00:17:47.820 is more apt
00:17:48.980 to be shot
00:17:49.620 by a black police officer
00:17:51.560 than a white police officer.
00:17:53.540 There just isn't proof
00:17:55.280 that this is racially motivated.
00:17:57.800 So I look at that
00:17:58.780 and I say,
00:17:59.740 I want to know
00:18:01.340 if there is
00:18:02.300 some kind of racism happening.
00:18:04.860 And let's stick
00:18:05.840 with the police.
00:18:06.760 I want to know about it
00:18:07.960 so we can fix it.
00:18:09.420 But these claims
00:18:10.520 that are not based on evidence
00:18:11.820 aren't getting us anywhere.
00:18:13.620 Well, they're getting us
00:18:14.920 into a very dangerous place,
00:18:17.180 a place that is not
00:18:18.060 based on evidence,
00:18:19.360 but it's based on a lot
00:18:20.580 of thoughts
00:18:22.760 about doing things
00:18:24.060 that are pretty hostile.
00:18:25.400 And you point out
00:18:27.100 in your letter
00:18:27.600 something here.
00:18:28.780 If this research
00:18:29.880 was presented in class,
00:18:31.220 it might be perceived
00:18:32.280 as, quote,
00:18:33.060 invalidating racialized
00:18:34.740 people's experience
00:18:35.760 of racism, unquote.
00:18:37.000 Now, I should say,
00:18:37.880 I haven't read
00:18:38.580 Friar's research.
00:18:39.800 It could be that
00:18:40.380 there's a scientific point
00:18:42.420 to be debated there
00:18:43.380 that you could,
00:18:43.980 you know,
00:18:44.500 take aim through
00:18:45.100 the scientific method
00:18:46.100 at his findings,
00:18:47.320 his methodology,
00:18:48.200 whatever else you'd like.
00:18:49.980 But you raise a point there
00:18:51.580 that I don't think
00:18:52.140 anyone can disagree,
00:18:53.080 that there would be
00:18:53.840 lots of people lined up,
00:18:55.040 including at academic
00:18:55.940 institutions,
00:18:56.580 to have the discussion
00:18:58.320 of that research
00:18:59.100 taken off the table
00:19:00.000 because of how it
00:19:00.940 might make people feel.
00:19:02.880 And thanks for bringing
00:19:03.720 that up because really
00:19:04.560 you've hit the nail
00:19:05.780 on the head.
00:19:06.160 This is what we're
00:19:07.040 really concerned about.
00:19:08.480 So the implications
00:19:09.680 of what our president
00:19:11.720 was saying
00:19:12.240 and also the study
00:19:13.460 that she cites,
00:19:14.280 the study itself,
00:19:15.040 it was called
00:19:15.400 Being Raced.
00:19:16.320 It was produced
00:19:17.040 by some undergraduate
00:19:18.420 students under the
00:19:19.440 tutelage of some
00:19:21.020 mentors who are professors
00:19:22.260 and also people
00:19:23.080 from the diversity
00:19:23.800 and equity authors.
00:19:25.400 And the study itself,
00:19:27.740 it's a phenomenological study.
00:19:30.540 It's not,
00:19:32.000 it wasn't,
00:19:32.840 it wasn't a properly
00:19:34.420 chosen sample
00:19:35.300 in order to generalize
00:19:37.180 from it.
00:19:37.980 It was also
00:19:39.040 of the sort
00:19:41.380 that said anything
00:19:42.200 that our participants
00:19:43.340 say is racism,
00:19:45.360 we are going
00:19:46.060 to not question it.
00:19:47.640 And that's fine
00:19:48.840 for lived experience,
00:19:50.240 but that's not fine
00:19:51.540 when you're going
00:19:52.140 to generate policy.
00:19:54.300 So back to this,
00:19:56.200 this notion
00:19:57.140 about what that study
00:19:59.220 also said,
00:20:00.100 that study made
00:20:01.180 some claims
00:20:01.800 that said
00:20:02.700 from their perspective,
00:20:05.500 if a professor,
00:20:07.220 they called it
00:20:07.880 a faculty perpetrator,
00:20:09.680 if a professor
00:20:10.820 were to quote
00:20:12.220 from a study
00:20:12.980 that went against
00:20:15.160 the lived experience
00:20:17.800 of a student,
00:20:19.860 and even if that,
00:20:21.100 even if the professor
00:20:22.180 is quoting peer-reviewed
00:20:24.140 excellent research,
00:20:25.100 but it's going
00:20:25.700 against the lived experience
00:20:27.740 of the student
00:20:28.300 in the classroom,
00:20:29.300 that's racism.
00:20:30.160 Well, suddenly,
00:20:32.260 you can't quote
00:20:33.040 those studies.
00:20:35.180 And we have to,
00:20:38.680 as an institution,
00:20:39.880 realize that we're
00:20:41.160 going to say things
00:20:42.020 that make people
00:20:42.600 uncomfortable.
00:20:44.300 That's what happens
00:20:44.980 in a democracy,
00:20:46.280 that's what happens
00:20:47.080 in,
00:20:48.100 should happen
00:20:48.740 in a university
00:20:49.440 where academic freedom
00:20:50.540 is present.
00:20:51.960 Now,
00:20:52.700 I'm all for being simple,
00:20:54.700 but absolutely,
00:20:55.880 we cannot stop
00:20:57.180 talking about facts
00:20:59.220 simply because
00:21:00.040 they make people
00:21:00.600 uncomfortable.
00:21:01.640 We are having
00:21:02.620 a little bit
00:21:03.480 of a technical glitch here.
00:21:04.900 We were able
00:21:05.260 to solve one,
00:21:06.000 but we created another.
00:21:07.160 So we've switched
00:21:07.940 over to the phone now.
00:21:09.620 David Haskell,
00:21:10.280 thanks for sticking
00:21:11.100 with us here.
00:21:12.120 The recording system
00:21:13.700 has already decided
00:21:14.460 to take an early
00:21:15.460 Canada Day holiday here.
00:21:17.300 We were talking,
00:21:18.280 though,
00:21:18.480 about a lot of the,
00:21:20.420 I'll say frankly,
00:21:21.520 shoddy research
00:21:22.640 or non-existent research
00:21:24.300 that's going into
00:21:25.360 a lot of these declarations.
00:21:26.980 And I appreciate
00:21:27.860 something you mentioned
00:21:28.720 earlier.
00:21:29.220 Which is to say
00:21:29.780 that you're not
00:21:30.220 even discounting
00:21:31.020 that racism
00:21:31.640 or systemic racism
00:21:32.720 exists on campus.
00:21:34.320 You're saying
00:21:34.920 that there is no basis
00:21:36.260 for the school's
00:21:37.760 president to make
00:21:38.920 those claims.
00:21:40.040 And I wanted to ask you
00:21:41.040 because I thought
00:21:41.740 that, you know,
00:21:42.500 there was a bit
00:21:43.180 of a glimmer of hope
00:21:44.080 a couple of years back
00:21:45.040 when Lindsay Shepard,
00:21:46.340 I think,
00:21:46.820 exposed a lot
00:21:47.660 of what was going on.
00:21:48.600 And you were front
00:21:49.920 and center on that battle
00:21:50.900 as was your co-author
00:21:52.060 of this letter,
00:21:53.120 Dr. McNally.
00:21:54.400 And we fast forward
00:21:55.500 to the present time
00:21:57.300 and it seems like,
00:21:58.420 you know,
00:21:59.040 any step you took forward
00:22:00.620 was met with two
00:22:01.700 or three steps back.
00:22:03.100 So how do you think
00:22:04.120 that the campus
00:22:05.000 by and large
00:22:06.040 is responding
00:22:07.380 to this sort of thing?
00:22:08.240 Because when you're
00:22:09.020 making a claim
00:22:09.780 that a school community
00:22:11.020 is systemically racist,
00:22:12.560 you're basically saying
00:22:13.940 that everyone
00:22:14.600 who is responsible
00:22:15.860 for making up
00:22:16.600 that campus
00:22:17.160 isn't somehow,
00:22:18.260 in some way,
00:22:19.020 complicit in racism.
00:22:20.240 Yeah, well,
00:22:22.680 that is the implication there
00:22:24.320 and it is,
00:22:25.800 again,
00:22:26.260 that's an incredibly
00:22:28.620 pejorative thing
00:22:30.240 to say
00:22:30.820 about a campus
00:22:31.960 without having
00:22:33.720 quantitative,
00:22:35.260 empirical data
00:22:36.060 to back it up.
00:22:37.440 And my worry,
00:22:40.380 and you were drawing
00:22:41.500 in the history
00:22:42.200 about where Laurier
00:22:44.240 has been
00:22:44.840 and how,
00:22:46.400 in the Lindsay Shepard affair,
00:22:48.320 our administration
00:22:49.220 and certain members
00:22:50.820 of faculty
00:22:51.500 were challenged
00:22:52.680 and they were challenged
00:22:54.540 by Lindsay,
00:22:57.580 first of all,
00:22:58.400 saying,
00:22:59.060 you're saying things
00:22:59.920 that aren't true.
00:23:00.800 For example,
00:23:01.540 the professor said to her
00:23:03.000 that by airing a video
00:23:04.960 that it appeared
00:23:05.800 on public TV,
00:23:07.460 she'd actually committed
00:23:08.300 a hate crime,
00:23:09.020 which wasn't true.
00:23:10.400 Again,
00:23:10.780 here we have claims
00:23:11.960 that just are not based
00:23:13.200 in empirical fact.
00:23:14.980 So here we have
00:23:15.720 another case
00:23:16.360 just last week
00:23:18.580 or two weeks ago
00:23:19.400 when the president
00:23:21.620 of the university
00:23:22.340 says we've got
00:23:23.680 systemic racism
00:23:24.580 on campus,
00:23:25.440 creates a plan.
00:23:27.200 I don't know why
00:23:28.520 professors,
00:23:31.140 we've got 550
00:23:32.360 full-time professors
00:23:33.500 at Laurier,
00:23:34.780 and they're supposed
00:23:36.120 to be,
00:23:36.980 most of them,
00:23:38.120 expert in research
00:23:39.040 methodology.
00:23:40.660 Why did they not
00:23:42.000 look at the letter
00:23:42.720 in the same way
00:23:43.400 that Will McNally
00:23:44.280 and I did
00:23:44.880 and said,
00:23:46.040 this is just not
00:23:47.960 good scholarship.
00:23:49.680 This is just not
00:23:50.580 empirically backed
00:23:51.600 claims.
00:23:54.000 So,
00:23:55.440 we,
00:23:56.220 we've got,
00:23:58.360 this is worrying
00:23:59.320 because when professors
00:24:01.320 are willing
00:24:01.880 to let unjustified claims
00:24:03.580 be presented as fact,
00:24:05.580 the university
00:24:06.340 as an institution
00:24:07.480 is worthless.
00:24:08.740 only two professors,
00:24:11.880 Will and I,
00:24:12.440 questioned the
00:24:13.160 administration's claim
00:24:14.160 of systemic racism
00:24:15.320 on campus
00:24:17.200 in the absence
00:24:18.040 of a clear definition.
00:24:20.780 There wasn't even
00:24:21.320 a definition.
00:24:22.140 And in the absence
00:24:22.900 of empirical evidence,
00:24:24.640 where are the
00:24:25.180 other professors?
00:24:25.880 Yeah,
00:24:28.900 and that's the
00:24:29.520 big problem here.
00:24:30.500 I mean,
00:24:30.640 it used to be
00:24:31.280 not so long ago
00:24:32.280 when academic freedom
00:24:33.340 arose that there was,
00:24:35.080 for the most part,
00:24:36.080 I'd say,
00:24:36.820 enough of,
00:24:37.720 not even a collegiality,
00:24:40.080 but enough of a
00:24:40.720 self-awareness
00:24:41.500 that professors
00:24:42.180 would recognize,
00:24:43.140 hey,
00:24:43.320 even if I don't like
00:24:43.980 the work that
00:24:44.620 Haskell's doing
00:24:45.520 over there,
00:24:46.260 I know that if,
00:24:47.280 if I condemn that,
00:24:48.640 it could just as easily
00:24:49.400 be me that's condemned
00:24:50.360 next time around.
00:24:51.180 And,
00:24:51.480 and now that's not there.
00:24:53.420 I mean,
00:24:53.920 Western University,
00:24:55.020 for example,
00:24:55.520 where I went here
00:24:56.480 in London,
00:24:56.920 Ontario,
00:24:57.740 they've now
00:24:58.540 posthumously apologized
00:25:00.040 for the work
00:25:01.460 of one professor,
00:25:02.600 Philippe Rushton,
00:25:03.500 and,
00:25:03.600 you know,
00:25:03.960 controversial or not,
00:25:05.020 the idea that
00:25:05.800 schools that used
00:25:07.060 to protect tenure
00:25:08.320 and academic freedom
00:25:09.440 and academic inquiry
00:25:10.560 and all of these things
00:25:11.340 are now going
00:25:12.700 quite brazenly
00:25:13.800 in the other direction,
00:25:15.340 which is to say,
00:25:16.240 not just saying,
00:25:16.980 hey,
00:25:17.140 you know what,
00:25:17.520 we think that,
00:25:18.240 you know,
00:25:18.500 someone should challenge
00:25:19.320 this research,
00:25:19.960 but saying,
00:25:20.800 you don't have a right
00:25:21.480 to pursue this
00:25:22.340 or you don't have a right
00:25:23.320 to champion
00:25:23.920 this line
00:25:25.020 of questioning.
00:25:26.640 Right,
00:25:27.340 and it has
00:25:28.000 far-reaching implications.
00:25:30.720 You wonder
00:25:31.720 if a professor
00:25:33.820 or a group
00:25:34.420 of professors,
00:25:35.440 if faculty
00:25:36.020 at a university
00:25:36.900 are willing
00:25:38.820 to say
00:25:40.160 these,
00:25:42.320 this empirical data,
00:25:43.860 this factual material
00:25:45.920 cannot be published.
00:25:48.860 published,
00:25:49.620 so,
00:25:49.980 and they're attacking
00:25:50.840 their own fellow professors,
00:25:54.540 then,
00:25:55.400 what are they
00:25:57.880 not willing
00:25:58.980 to tell their students
00:26:00.060 in the classroom?
00:26:02.300 Is it only
00:26:03.120 politically correct messages
00:26:04.500 that our students
00:26:05.560 are going to be hearing?
00:26:07.260 Only messages
00:26:08.740 that our professors
00:26:10.740 think are agreeable?
00:26:13.180 Because if that's the case,
00:26:15.000 why go to university
00:26:16.360 if you're actually
00:26:17.920 not going to get
00:26:19.000 what might be
00:26:19.940 the most compelling research,
00:26:22.240 the most,
00:26:22.640 the most methodologically
00:26:24.720 sound research
00:26:25.680 on the chance
00:26:26.760 that it upset
00:26:27.580 someone,
00:26:29.080 well,
00:26:29.580 then university
00:26:30.340 just is worthless.
00:26:33.460 Where do you think
00:26:34.480 this goes from,
00:26:35.500 goes from here?
00:26:36.540 Because I do feel like
00:26:38.540 at a certain point,
00:26:40.000 I mean,
00:26:40.140 we see in the social justice world
00:26:42.060 a lot of cannibalization
00:26:43.980 on the left sometimes,
00:26:45.040 people that have been
00:26:46.000 able to check off
00:26:47.400 all the boxes
00:26:48.080 of being an ally
00:26:48.940 to this group,
00:26:49.600 to this group,
00:26:50.080 to this group,
00:26:50.580 they make one wrong step
00:26:51.720 and boom,
00:26:52.380 the mob turns on them.
00:26:53.960 Do you think in academia
00:26:55.280 the same sort of thing
00:26:56.340 will happen
00:26:56.860 in such a way
00:26:57.860 that there's enough time
00:26:59.040 for a collective pushback?
00:27:00.420 Perhaps some of the people
00:27:01.300 that have been adding fuel
00:27:02.300 to these fires
00:27:03.580 saying,
00:27:04.000 you know what,
00:27:04.420 we may have gone
00:27:05.260 a bit too far.
00:27:06.100 Do you think that ship
00:27:07.060 has sailed?
00:27:08.360 I really think,
00:27:09.900 sadly,
00:27:10.780 the ship has sailed.
00:27:11.860 There just is not
00:27:16.800 the will on campus
00:27:18.220 to push back
00:27:20.020 against this.
00:27:20.660 Again,
00:27:21.060 just using the Laurier example,
00:27:24.120 there are 550
00:27:25.280 full-time professors
00:27:26.200 who would have seen
00:27:27.040 there was no empirical evidence
00:27:28.620 to back
00:27:29.520 the president's claims
00:27:31.160 and only two professors
00:27:34.600 challenged it.
00:27:36.540 And here's the other thing.
00:27:37.460 apart from
00:27:39.740 a media outlet
00:27:42.900 in the United States,
00:27:44.380 you are the only
00:27:45.020 news organization
00:27:45.900 who thought
00:27:46.820 that this was important.
00:27:48.860 Wow.
00:27:49.480 Even the media,
00:27:50.460 and we've alerted media.
00:27:53.060 And if you can't
00:27:54.900 get the message out,
00:27:56.360 there's just not the will.
00:27:57.260 The media doesn't want
00:27:58.240 to talk about it,
00:27:59.400 that we have this crisis
00:28:01.160 in education
00:28:02.060 where empirical evidence
00:28:04.520 is being suppressed.
00:28:05.660 And then we've got
00:28:07.280 the crisis
00:28:08.020 in academia itself.
00:28:11.160 And where does it go
00:28:13.080 from here?
00:28:13.560 It will get worse.
00:28:15.080 And what we continue
00:28:16.260 to see
00:28:16.940 is that
00:28:18.360 the progressives,
00:28:20.540 and I'm using that term
00:28:22.580 not in a favorable way,
00:28:25.680 the left,
00:28:27.440 the far left
00:28:28.240 who have taken over
00:28:29.920 universities,
00:28:30.540 and by that,
00:28:31.420 this is an empirical fact
00:28:34.460 as well.
00:28:35.000 Joel Inberg
00:28:37.060 did a study
00:28:38.120 to see
00:28:38.680 what percentage,
00:28:40.740 and others,
00:28:41.360 by the way,
00:28:41.840 he's the only one
00:28:42.540 that comes to mind,
00:28:43.300 what percentage
00:28:43.880 of university professors
00:28:45.360 in North America
00:28:46.340 are conservative-leaning,
00:28:48.680 or libertarian,
00:28:49.820 or classical liberal,
00:28:51.280 and it's about 6%
00:28:52.480 and dwindling.
00:28:54.080 and when he asked
00:28:58.380 the people
00:28:58.720 who are self-identified
00:29:00.140 progressive
00:29:00.700 or liberal,
00:29:02.100 would you not hire,
00:29:04.520 would you purposely
00:29:05.380 sink a candidate
00:29:06.780 if you found out
00:29:07.800 they were conservative?
00:29:08.980 25% said yes,
00:29:10.880 and that was just
00:29:11.840 the 25% 0.98
00:29:12.820 who were willing
00:29:13.480 to say yes
00:29:14.520 because that's something
00:29:16.220 you don't want
00:29:16.680 to admit to.
00:29:18.580 The trouble is
00:29:19.860 we've lost
00:29:20.380 the universities,
00:29:21.180 or the reality
00:29:22.600 is we've lost
00:29:23.360 the universities,
00:29:24.500 and when nobody
00:29:25.660 is there to be
00:29:26.520 the counterpoint,
00:29:27.240 when you don't have
00:29:27.900 professors
00:29:29.000 who have
00:29:30.260 a different
00:29:31.160 set of ideas,
00:29:32.720 then you've got
00:29:34.200 a monolith,
00:29:35.220 and so the urge
00:29:36.440 is to just
00:29:37.480 get more of the same,
00:29:38.800 and power
00:29:39.760 corrupts,
00:29:40.900 absolutely,
00:29:41.520 we know this,
00:29:42.360 so we'll continue
00:29:43.620 to see these
00:29:44.660 linguistic traps,
00:29:46.580 and by that
00:29:47.280 what they'll do
00:29:47.740 is they'll corrupt
00:29:48.440 the definition
00:29:49.100 of a word,
00:29:49.720 this is the thing
00:29:50.340 that they're doing
00:29:50.960 just incessantly now,
00:29:53.740 repeatedly now,
00:29:54.760 they corrupt
00:29:55.400 the definition
00:29:56.020 of a word,
00:29:57.580 they take a word
00:29:58.540 like racism
00:29:59.520 that had meaning,
00:30:00.960 and it becomes
00:30:01.920 systemic racism,
00:30:03.280 and it doesn't mean
00:30:04.180 what you thought
00:30:04.840 it used to mean,
00:30:05.800 now it means
00:30:06.400 if there's a disparity,
00:30:07.700 if there's a difference
00:30:08.500 in numbers,
00:30:09.380 then suddenly
00:30:10.060 that implies
00:30:11.320 racism,
00:30:12.640 so they do this,
00:30:14.360 and they've done it
00:30:15.000 with things like,
00:30:17.000 well,
00:30:17.680 I can't be,
00:30:19.880 I wrote a paper
00:30:20.540 called Words Lose
00:30:21.620 Their Meaning
00:30:22.060 at Wilfrid Laurier,
00:30:23.160 so rather than
00:30:23.820 rehash that,
00:30:24.580 I'd just,
00:30:25.200 I'd say to the listeners,
00:30:26.720 take a look at that,
00:30:27.640 and you'll see
00:30:28.280 the numerous examples
00:30:29.520 where this has happened,
00:30:31.160 but it's a linguistic trap,
00:30:33.340 and it's going to get worse.
00:30:37.280 Yeah,
00:30:37.780 and I think
00:30:38.140 those wording things
00:30:39.440 are important,
00:30:40.060 because you never want
00:30:40.720 to get bogged down
00:30:41.520 in semantics,
00:30:42.180 but a lot of the time
00:30:43.140 when you cede
00:30:43.740 the language,
00:30:44.960 you end up
00:30:45.840 ceding a part
00:30:46.500 of the battle,
00:30:47.200 and I think
00:30:47.680 the racist thing
00:30:48.640 is a great example
00:30:49.900 of this,
00:30:50.340 because,
00:30:50.900 you know,
00:30:51.180 a lot of people
00:30:51.940 on the right,
00:30:52.500 certainly those
00:30:53.120 who work in new media
00:30:54.360 are used to being
00:30:55.320 called racist,
00:30:56.060 I mean,
00:30:56.300 this word that used
00:30:56.940 to carry a lot
00:30:57.540 of weight now
00:30:58.120 is,
00:30:58.700 you know,
00:30:59.020 like,
00:30:59.340 you know,
00:30:59.680 cookie or the word
00:31:01.280 and,
00:31:01.740 like,
00:31:01.940 it's just,
00:31:02.300 it's said,
00:31:02.780 and you don't
00:31:03.280 really think of it now,
00:31:04.180 but it does still
00:31:05.380 to people that aren't
00:31:06.200 in that world
00:31:06.700 have a lot of meaning,
00:31:07.640 and when you put
00:31:08.180 that qualifier on
00:31:09.380 systemic,
00:31:10.580 it means something
00:31:11.460 even more,
00:31:12.280 and,
00:31:12.460 you know,
00:31:12.680 systemic racism
00:31:13.620 ergo requires
00:31:14.680 systemic change,
00:31:16.020 so before people
00:31:17.140 have even,
00:31:17.760 to go back full circle
00:31:18.760 to how we started here,
00:31:19.780 before people have
00:31:20.900 even established
00:31:21.480 what that meant,
00:31:22.200 we're already
00:31:22.660 three steps ahead
00:31:23.620 on the action plan.
00:31:25.480 That's right,
00:31:26.360 without the definition
00:31:27.520 of racism itself,
00:31:29.300 and we see this,
00:31:31.360 this linguistic trap
00:31:34.160 that then makes you
00:31:35.660 not even,
00:31:36.700 you cannot question it,
00:31:38.720 right?
00:31:39.220 That's part
00:31:39.700 of the linguistic trap,
00:31:40.900 so now if I say,
00:31:43.100 well,
00:31:43.320 I'd like to see
00:31:43.900 the evidence
00:31:44.500 for systemic racism
00:31:45.700 on campus,
00:31:46.760 suddenly I'm a racist,
00:31:48.880 and this,
00:31:49.600 this is a really
00:31:50.500 clever linguistic trap
00:31:51.860 because it means
00:31:52.580 the other side
00:31:53.200 never has to prove it,
00:31:55.000 never has to supply
00:31:55.780 your own evidence.
00:31:56.480 Yeah,
00:31:57.000 prove that the system
00:31:57.840 is racist
00:31:58.440 because only a racist
00:31:59.480 system would allow 0.50
00:32:00.260 such questions.
00:32:01.940 Exactly.
00:32:02.940 Similarly,
00:32:03.820 we've seen what's
00:32:04.740 happened with white supremacy,
00:32:06.340 the word,
00:32:07.400 the word,
00:32:07.940 it used to mean
00:32:09.640 people who belonged
00:32:10.880 to the KKK,
00:32:12.400 really despicable people,
00:32:15.280 but it now means
00:32:16.660 every Judeo-Christian value
00:32:18.620 and all Western thought,
00:32:21.040 you know,
00:32:21.600 as it's used by people
00:32:23.280 who are promoting
00:32:23.900 critical race theory,
00:32:25.440 that now is
00:32:26.300 white supremacy,
00:32:27.660 and if that's
00:32:30.820 white supremacy,
00:32:32.060 what they're really
00:32:33.120 looking for
00:32:33.860 is to
00:32:35.420 destroy society
00:32:36.620 as we know it.
00:32:39.700 Well,
00:32:40.220 even if it is
00:32:40.820 just two of over
00:32:41.740 500 professors
00:32:42.700 speaking up,
00:32:43.520 I am so very grateful
00:32:44.880 you two are there.
00:32:46.580 David Haskell,
00:32:47.600 David Millard Haskell,
00:32:48.560 professor at
00:32:49.280 Laurier University,
00:32:50.280 a fantastic letter
00:32:51.140 written alongside
00:32:52.000 fellow professor
00:32:53.460 William McNally.
00:32:54.940 David,
00:32:55.420 thank you so much
00:32:56.080 for coming on today.
00:32:57.080 Really great talking
00:32:57.680 to you as always.
00:32:59.260 Yeah,
00:32:59.520 it's really appreciated,
00:33:00.560 sorry,
00:33:00.700 about the glitches.
00:33:02.000 Yeah,
00:33:02.260 no worries,
00:33:02.760 it happens.
00:33:03.340 Well,
00:33:03.520 nothing's going
00:33:03.980 to shut us up,
00:33:04.560 right?
00:33:06.200 Hopefully,
00:33:06.680 no.
00:33:07.300 That was David
00:33:08.420 Millard Haskell,
00:33:09.320 former People's Party
00:33:10.240 of Canada candidate
00:33:11.060 for Cambridge
00:33:11.780 and current
00:33:12.680 Laurier University
00:33:13.740 professor.
00:33:14.300 My thanks to David
00:33:15.160 for coming on
00:33:15.780 and also all of you
00:33:16.520 for tuning into the show.
00:33:18.060 Hope you have a very
00:33:19.260 happy Dominion Day
00:33:20.640 or Canada Day,
00:33:21.440 whichever you call it.
00:33:22.220 I hope it's Dominion Day,
00:33:23.200 but regardless,
00:33:24.100 I hope you enjoy it.
00:33:25.240 We will talk to you
00:33:26.260 next week.
00:33:26.800 Thank you,
00:33:27.260 God bless,
00:33:27.820 and good day,
00:33:28.320 Canada.
00:33:29.020 Thanks for listening
00:33:29.740 to The Andrew Lawton Show.
00:33:30.920 Support the program
00:33:32.000 by donating to
00:33:32.800 True North
00:33:33.220 at www.tnc.news.
00:33:36.620 Thank you.
00:33:37.620 Thank you.
00:33:37.760 Thank you.
00:33:37.800 Thank you.
00:33:37.820 Thank you.
00:33:37.880 Thank you.