Making Sense - Sam Harris - September 24, 2021


Absolutely Mental Season Two


Episode Stats

Length

16 minutes

Words per Minute

153.72049

Word Count

2,572

Sentence Count

183

Misogynist Sentences

2

Hate Speech Sentences

2


Summary

A clip from the second season of Absolutely Mental, in which Ricky Gervais and I discuss sleep paralysis, hypnosis, and the strange things people do in their sleep. Plus, a story about a guy who thinks he might have seen a UFO abduction, and why he thinks it might have been a good idea to wear a sequin glove when you're sleeping. And, of course, we talk about sleep paralysis and other weird things that happen when you don't get enough sleep. The entire series is available on Amazon Prime and Vimeo worldwide. If you want to hear the rest of the series, both seasons are available at AbsolutelyMental.net. You can also catch up on the first two seasons of the Absolutely Mental series on Vimeo. Thanks for listening and Good Luck Out There, and Happy Halloween! Sam Harris Make Sense? Logo by Courtney DeKorte. Theme by Mavus White. Music by PSOVOD and tyops. The theme of this episode is called "Goodbye Outer Space" by Suneaters, courtesy of Lotuspool Records. Our ad music is by Build Buildings Records, recorded live at SPOTIFY Records, located in Los Angeles, CA. Please rate, review, and tag us in the comments section below. Thank you for your support and subscribe to Making Sense. It helps spread the word out there about this podcast. Thank you, Sam Harris, and I hope you enjoy it! -- it really does make sense. -- Your support the podcast. -Sam Harris, the creator of The Making Sense, and we hope you'll listen to this podcast and share it on Anchor.fm/YouTube, and send us your thoughts on it on social media, and spread it out to the world. and other places like it helps spread it around the word. "Make Sense" -- and other things like it's a little bit more than that, too! -- Thank you! -- thank you, please spread it everywhere you can do it. -- Thanks, Sam, again, and thanks you're listening out for it. XOXO. Sam, Kristian, Kristy, and all the best, and good vibes. xoxo, Caitie, Sarah, and a big thanks you, Caitlyn, and Sarah, too, and much more! -- Sarah, Rachael, and everyone else.


Transcript

00:00:00.000 Welcome to the Making Sense Podcast.
00:00:24.960 This is Sam Harris.
00:00:26.320 Well, today I want to share a clip from the second season of Absolutely Mental, the podcast
00:00:32.700 I've been doing with Ricky Gervais.
00:00:35.360 Many of you will have heard the first season, in whole or in part, and I think the second
00:00:40.400 season is actually better.
00:00:42.440 We have hit our stride here, I think.
00:00:45.220 The genesis of this podcast is that Ricky and I would have an occasional phone call, and
00:00:52.240 it occurred to me that these conversations were fun enough that we should record them
00:00:59.080 and see what happened.
00:01:00.620 So the podcast itself really is virtually indistinguishable from telephone conversations we were having
00:01:09.720 anyway.
00:01:11.200 Hence the conceit of making it a phone call.
00:01:14.420 Obviously we're aware that we're recording it, and it's a podcast, but to a remarkable
00:01:19.440 degree, it really is the kind of conversation we were going to have anyway, which is unusual
00:01:25.580 and a lot of fun.
00:01:28.500 So for many months I've had the pleasure of rolling out of bed on a Saturday morning and
00:01:34.500 getting on a line with Ricky, only to be reminded that with civilization unraveling all around
00:01:40.220 us, he's primarily afraid of spiders.
00:01:44.640 And as you'll hear, he is very good company.
00:01:48.660 So now this is a clip from Season 2, Episode 2, and I hope you enjoy it.
00:01:55.480 And if you want to hear the rest of the series, both seasons are available at absolutelymental.com.
00:02:10.220 Hey, how's it going?
00:02:21.900 Good.
00:02:22.500 How are you?
00:02:23.420 I'm good.
00:02:24.160 I'm good.
00:02:24.620 Although I was just anesthetized, which doesn't happen often, and that's an interesting experience.
00:02:30.360 When's the last time you were put out?
00:02:32.060 I don't think I've ever had a general since I was about maybe 10 to have a tooth out.
00:02:39.120 Hmm.
00:02:40.040 This wasn't a general.
00:02:41.060 You got a general to have a tooth out?
00:02:42.780 Well, we used to.
00:02:44.060 I mean, in the late 60s, it was gas.
00:02:48.160 Whenever you get one of these urchins who are covered with coal dust, you just put them
00:02:51.940 right out to take their teeth out?
00:02:53.300 No, and I'd always wake up crying because I don't know what it was.
00:02:57.300 I assumed it was some sort of mix of nitrous oxide.
00:03:01.560 Yeah, that wouldn't be a general, but that would be common among dentists.
00:03:06.620 No, I was unconscious.
00:03:08.220 Yeah, no, I guess the distinction between a general and what might be called a twilight
00:03:14.700 anesthesia or anything other than a general is that in a general, you're not breathing
00:03:20.260 under your own power anymore.
00:03:22.680 Oh, really?
00:03:23.140 You're that deep, and there may be gradations that I'm not aware of.
00:03:28.680 I'm not an anesthesiologist, but the...
00:03:31.820 Oh, so they really put everything to sleep.
00:03:33.680 You can be completely unconscious, but still, it's not a general.
00:03:38.000 It's a much lighter anesthesia.
00:03:40.040 Then I've never had a general.
00:03:41.620 Oh, but you've never had a proper surgery.
00:03:45.160 No, I had the glorious intervention of a colonoscopy, and so they give you propofol, which is what
00:03:53.120 Michael Jackson was using recreationally to sleep with his crazy doctor, which wound up
00:03:58.860 killing him, apparently.
00:04:00.040 Is that why you went for it, because it's a celebrity endorsement?
00:04:03.000 You said, whatever, I want to...
00:04:04.920 Do you wear one glove as well?
00:04:06.220 Yes, I wore a sequin glove.
00:04:12.320 Yeah.
00:04:13.040 Anyway, everything's okay, but it's amazing to have the lights turned out that emphatically.
00:04:17.980 That's...
00:04:18.980 It's unlike...
00:04:19.840 It's certainly unlike going to sleep at night.
00:04:22.160 Yeah.
00:04:22.900 So do you think...
00:04:24.800 So it's deeper than your unconscious sleeping self, even?
00:04:29.460 It's deeper than that, is it?
00:04:30.760 Yeah, well, presumably it must be, because I'm pretty sure I would wake up if someone was
00:04:34.440 sticking a camera up.
00:04:35.440 Of course, yeah.
00:04:40.580 One hopes.
00:04:41.400 One always hopes.
00:04:42.040 I sort of meant, yeah, no, you're right, yeah.
00:04:49.620 But in sleep, don't the body freeze itself so you can't get injured?
00:04:56.460 So when you're imagining you're fighting and running, you're deadly still, you're sort
00:05:00.360 of frozen.
00:05:00.840 Is that true?
00:05:01.320 Yeah, during REM sleep you are, and there's a disorder of REM sleep where you're basically,
00:05:09.740 you kind of wake up, but you're still frozen, so you can feel like you're...
00:05:14.980 That's the explanation for many kinds of UFO abduction experiences and other weirdness.
00:05:22.980 Well, that usually ends with a finger up the arse as well, doesn't it?
00:05:27.260 It's just not a human finger, a really long green one.
00:05:32.500 That would wake you up.
00:05:33.920 I'm pretty sure that would wake you up.
00:05:37.620 Well, I mean, this conversation makes my question seem a bit tame.
00:05:43.580 I was going to ask you, although it's probably in the ballpark, do you know about hypnosis
00:05:49.620 and how it works, if it works, and if it works, how does it work?
00:05:54.660 And I mean, I don't mean the mechanics of doing it.
00:05:57.860 I mean, why does it work?
00:06:00.140 First of all, does it work?
00:06:01.380 Yeah, well, I have very little direct experience with it, although I do have one experience that
00:06:06.860 I can describe, which was interesting.
00:06:09.400 So I'm, from the literature, I can certainly say that it works for some things on some people.
00:06:15.760 I mean, there are people who are, there's a spectrum of hypnotizability, and there's a
00:06:21.000 scale, a Stanford scale of hypnotizability that ranks people based on a test.
00:06:27.960 And actually, when I was an undergraduate, I had that test.
00:06:31.700 I was in a, you know, psych 101, and they were looking for experimental subjects, and
00:06:35.940 they gave some subset of the class this test.
00:06:40.140 Oh, there's literally, you mean there's literally a scientific scale that's been sort of peer
00:06:44.480 reviewed, and that is, oh, wow, I didn't know that.
00:06:46.880 I think it's at least 50 years old, but it's the Stanford, I think it was a Harvard one
00:06:51.360 too, but it's a Stanford scale of hypnotizability that is the standard.
00:06:56.800 And I forget all of the exercises we had to do, but one stands out in my mind, and this
00:07:03.240 really proved to me that there was something there.
00:07:06.120 Because I was, I think I was fairly, I recall being fairly skeptical that there was anything
00:07:10.380 to this, but you're asked to do various things, and then one thing I remember being asked to
00:07:16.940 do was to, I'll describe the procedure in a second, but you're inducted into the state
00:07:21.500 of hypnosis, and you're given various suggestions.
00:07:24.220 So sort of two parts to hypnosis.
00:07:26.300 There's the induction, and then the suggestion phase.
00:07:30.080 And one suggestion was kind of an age regression.
00:07:34.040 We were now told we were now nine years old, I think it was, and then given a piece of paper
00:07:39.620 and a pen, and asked to write the year.
00:07:43.800 And I remember writing the year in 1976 without any, you know, arithmetic in my head.
00:07:51.860 I mean, I just wrote it.
00:07:53.900 And then I was asked to sign my name.
00:07:57.260 And, you know, without any conscious, I guess there could be an unconscious wish to comply
00:08:03.260 with this thing.
00:08:04.400 But at the time, it really felt like, you know, an automaticity.
00:08:07.940 I signed my name in precisely the bubbly, childlike handwriting that I would have, you know, would
00:08:14.980 have been appropriate to a nine-year-old.
00:08:16.300 It certainly wasn't appropriate to my 18-year-old self.
00:08:19.560 So that regression experience seemed pretty strong to me.
00:08:24.600 And there were like nine other things.
00:08:26.600 I think I was, I think it was a scale of 10.
00:08:28.760 And I was, I was a nine in terms of hypnotizability.
00:08:33.220 It might have been a scale of 12.
00:08:34.380 So does, is that, does, that suggests to me that you're very weak-willed.
00:08:39.160 So what, what, what is the scale to do?
00:08:42.140 So the scale presumably relates to a characteristic.
00:08:45.900 It's not just a random thing.
00:08:48.560 Have they looked into why some people are more easily hypnotized?
00:08:52.940 Like, you know, joking aside, could it be, you know, more complicity?
00:08:56.700 Could it be, you know, that, that, that, that you want, you, you believe it more or that
00:09:02.640 you're, you're naive or you're cynical or is the, are there, are there more firm characteristics
00:09:09.780 that would suggest you're a one or a 10?
00:09:12.640 I don't actually know.
00:09:13.640 I think there are other things that it's correlated with, like having a fantasy life or having
00:09:18.720 kind of vivid daydreaming, you know, like you could, like you can really recall what
00:09:23.900 your, your daydreaming is about.
00:09:26.080 I don't actually know how much is understood about differences in, in hypnotizability, but
00:09:31.680 the, um.
00:09:33.360 And would that be a structure of the brain?
00:09:34.920 Would that be a type of brain?
00:09:35.960 If it, if it was that say, I won't hold you to it, but if it was that you have, you
00:09:41.000 know, more of vivid imagination is, are there, is that a type?
00:09:44.680 Is that a brain type that some people have more vivid imaginations than others?
00:09:48.720 Well, I think we could probably get at it from the side of, of what's happening when
00:09:52.740 people are, are, seem to be successfully hypnotized.
00:09:56.080 And there, there has been some neuroimaging work on hypnosis and, and the place where it's,
00:10:02.640 it's actually, where the effect of hypnosis is, I think, least in dispute is with pain suppression.
00:10:09.940 I mean, there are people who've undergone surgeries, you know, real surgeries with no anesthetic,
00:10:16.760 but hypnosis.
00:10:18.540 And this has been attested to for a very long time, but I recently had someone on my podcast
00:10:23.600 who's, who's been working on this in his lab.
00:10:26.820 And yeah, there are many, many people who have undergone surgery under hypnosis.
00:10:31.940 And, and then people use hypnosis as a adjunct to anesthesia, they'll be given, let's say
00:10:40.040 a local when they might've been given more of a twilight anesthesia.
00:10:43.840 And then, and so it's all, you know, just a local plus hypnosis.
00:10:45.600 Okay.
00:10:45.720 So that's, okay.
00:10:46.520 Well, that's very interesting.
00:10:47.640 So tell me what happens there.
00:10:48.920 So supposing that works and they're, and they're not screaming.
00:10:52.120 Now, are they feeling pain?
00:10:54.780 Well, no.
00:10:55.460 Well, I mean, they're not feeling it at all.
00:10:57.360 So they're not suppressing, they're not going, I don't mind this pain.
00:11:00.220 They're going, it's, something's not getting to them, but that's impossible, isn't it?
00:11:04.080 Because isn't pain a literal physical thing of synapse jumps?
00:11:08.360 And it seems, I mean, again, I don't think the work, the work here is definitive because
00:11:13.480 I think this topic is, is somewhat in, in ill repute among scientists.
00:11:19.480 I don't, I don't think most neuroscientists are seriously considering focusing on hypnosis
00:11:24.520 as a, as a topic, but I mean, the neuroimaging work that's been done that I'm aware of has
00:11:30.120 found that actually hypnosis is blocking the painful stimuli from, from even registering
00:11:36.740 in sensory cortex.
00:11:38.720 Okay.
00:11:39.080 So, okay.
00:11:39.920 So hold on.
00:11:40.940 How is that possible?
00:11:41.860 So they're, they're under hypnosis, whatever that is, right?
00:11:44.880 So they're, they're under, okay.
00:11:46.260 They're hypnotized, whatever that is, whether it's some sort of compliance or subconscious
00:11:52.400 thing.
00:11:53.460 And literally the pain isn't getting to the pain receptors or I can't, I can't imagine.
00:12:00.900 There can be downward, there can be downward, top-down modulation of sensory cortex.
00:12:07.540 It's a, you know, I think probably, um, there's an area in the, the midline in the frontal
00:12:13.800 lobes called the anterior cingulate cortex.
00:12:16.400 And that, that, that shows up in, in many different paradigms, but it, it's definitely
00:12:21.900 involved in pain perception.
00:12:24.100 And, um, it's, there, there are, uh, more senior, more executive areas that could inhibit
00:12:32.240 sensory cortex.
00:12:33.840 And yes, I mean, that, you know, that seems to be, I'd still say, if that, even if that
00:12:40.120 was working and it was going well, I still like to think a finger up my arse would bring
00:12:44.660 me out of that.
00:12:47.020 Well, you'll never know until you try.
00:12:53.300 And the doctors are furious.
00:12:54.900 Why did, why did you do that?
00:12:56.220 He was, it was working.
00:12:58.040 Why did you do that?
00:12:59.040 Well, but there's an interesting thing here because it's not clear whether hypnosis is
00:13:04.600 a state, you know, cause it's, it's definitely advertised as being a state that gets induced
00:13:10.560 and it's on the basis of that state that you then become suggestible.
00:13:15.080 But it's possible that, that the suggestion itself is really the whole story or, or, or
00:13:20.900 much of it.
00:13:21.380 For instance, I think there've been experiments done where the exact same induction and, and
00:13:26.600 this suggestion process is happening, but in one paradigm it's called hypnosis and in
00:13:33.160 another it's called a relaxation exercise.
00:13:36.260 And it has a very different effect on people, just the framing of it.
00:13:39.900 I mean, the people thinking they're going to get hypnotized matters as opposed to thinking
00:13:44.180 they're just relaxing.
00:13:44.760 Right.
00:13:45.160 Well, but that's why I can't get by.
00:13:47.800 I know it's all about perception, but I still think of pain as a literal objective thing.
00:13:55.600 Like, you know, electricity jumping and hurting and you're, whether you like it or not, you
00:14:01.260 feel something and that is what a pain is.
00:14:04.480 But if it's a pain, no, it's not like that.
00:14:07.140 Well, just, I mean, yes, the pain signal, you know, let's say at your, at your finger,
00:14:11.260 right?
00:14:12.060 It's the same.
00:14:13.440 It has to be the same from the finger on in, but at a certain point, what you're imagining
00:14:18.980 is pure sensation is being modulated by the rest of what the brain is doing, right?
00:14:26.500 And, and it becomes susceptible to significant influence and even cancellation.
00:14:32.000 And we're in the network of, of the brain that's happening.
00:14:36.760 I'm not sure.
00:14:37.520 I'm not sure if, I mean, maybe someone has a good sense of it now, but I'm just not aware
00:14:42.660 of it, but it may still be somewhat mysterious, but this relates to the placebo effect, which
00:14:47.300 is also well demonstrated for, for pain and for many other things, but it's also not understood,
00:14:54.040 but it's clearly a belief based process that gets started that is medically efficacious.
00:15:01.660 I mean, it becomes a challenge to design drugs that beat placebos in many cases because they're
00:15:06.960 so effective.
00:15:07.960 Okay.
00:15:08.300 So even though, even though there is a, an actual physical act to do with the laws of
00:15:14.620 physics and electricity and all those things, it then become how you, how you perceive it
00:15:21.960 in your brain and it becomes subjective.
00:15:24.460 I suppose that's like, if you put your foot into a boiling hot bath by mistake for a split
00:15:29.940 second, you think it's cold.
00:15:31.820 You think there's something wrong here and you go, oh, and then you go, no, no, no, it's
00:15:35.100 hot.
00:15:35.520 Well, it's just extreme.
00:15:36.380 Yeah.
00:15:36.500 Yeah.
00:15:36.900 Yeah.
00:15:37.380 You haven't, you haven't had time to work.
00:15:39.140 Okay.
00:15:39.820 Okay.
00:15:40.860 Okay.
00:15:41.140 I think I understand that.
00:15:42.360 The point to take on here, I think is that a belief is also a physical act in your brain.
00:15:49.220 It's no less a physical act than you getting hit with a hammer.
00:15:52.420 Of course.
00:15:53.520 Of course.
00:16:01.200 Like I said, the man is good company.
00:16:03.940 That could have been the name of the podcast.
00:16:05.440 In fact, but we went with the very British, absolutely mental.
00:16:12.020 And if you enjoy both our company, you can find more of it at absolutely mental.com.
00:16:17.440 Phillips, it's, you can find more of it at all.
00:16:18.400 Through you.
00:16:28.340 Yeah.
00:16:30.880 Uh.
00:16:32.120 Yeah.
00:16:33.140 Yeah.
00:16:33.820 Yeah.
00:16:34.120 Yeah.
00:16:34.660 Yeah.
00:16:35.240 Yeah.
00:16:35.920 Yeah.
00:16:36.240 Yeah.
00:16:36.780 Yeah.
00:16:36.820 Yeah.
00:16:36.900 Yeah.
00:16:37.560 It's a spielt.
00:16:37.960 Yeah.
00:16:38.460 Yeah.
00:16:39.100 Yeah.
00:16:39.240 Yeah.
00:16:40.060 Yeah.
00:16:40.480 Yeah.
00:16:41.100 Yeah.
00:16:41.840 Yeah.
00:16:42.100 Yeah.