Jonathan Bowden and Richard Spencer discuss the Iraq War and its impact on American foreign policy, the legacy, and the future of U.S. foreign policy in general. They also speculate about the lessons to be learned from the war and its legacy.
00:00:35.780Very well. Well, today we're going to talk about an issue that was very much in the news over the past decade.
00:00:44.740And indeed, I think one could say that it defined the mainstream media mass communications, the news, for at least five to seven years.
00:00:55.760And yet now we're at a point in which this event is slipping into the realm of history.
00:01:02.820And I'm referring to the Iraq War and as the 2003 invasion by the Bush administration and some some allies.
00:01:12.080And we're going to talk about the meaning, the relevancy of the Iraq War for today, as well as some origins of it.
00:01:20.840And we'll also speculate about the future of American foreign policy.
00:01:26.160Will any lessons be learned? So on and so forth.
00:01:30.340So, Jonathan, first off, I think it's always best to start at a point that that is most relevant for the here and now in the sense of what is the Iraq War like today?
00:01:42.980And I think the Iraq War today is a quite ironic episode because much as I as I mentioned, the the debate over the rock and the debate over the surge and this news reports of the insurgency and and violence of all kinds.
00:02:02.340That defined the news cycle in the United States and Europe for at least five years in the mid 2000s.
00:02:10.040And it also defined the conservative movement.
00:02:39.300However, it's there is a major drawdown.
00:02:42.380Now, of course, there's some kind of presence there and so on and so forth.
00:02:45.420It's one of those wars that might never actually end, much like the Cold War, World War Two, where you had these footprints that were remaining from these past conflicts, you know, still military bases in Germany and so on and so forth.
00:03:03.580There was there was a kind of minor debate about whether I don't know if you heard about this, Jonathan, but whether we should have a ticker tape parade in New York City or something to celebrate this supposed victory.
00:03:16.900And I think even even the military was a little bit embarrassed by the suggestion that they have a big mass parade to celebrate the Iraq War.
00:03:27.460This this this kind of irony that I'm speaking of?
00:03:31.280It's almost as if this was the most important thing in so many people's lives on the left and right and the mainstream media and the conservative movement.
00:03:39.240And yet they've now kind of forgotten about it.
00:03:41.820What do you think about this, Jonathan?
00:03:46.160Yes, I think Iraq in some ways is the first postmodern war.
00:03:49.740It's the first ironic and reflexive war.
00:03:52.220And there's a constituent interconnected set of constituencies out there who now wishing in some ways to forget it occurred because the war was a grandiloquent failure in its own terms, certainly in the grandstanding terms that it was put forward to the American and to other peoples.
00:04:08.340It changed the regime in Iraq and the political set of inside that Arab nation state is now totally different.
00:04:16.240However, it brought forces forces that were latent there anyway, even under Saddam.
00:04:21.420So there has been a big change, but it's only for Iraq.
00:04:27.920And all that's happened is the dictatorship was taken down, a sort of Arab fascist sort of government was taken down, really.
00:04:35.960And the forces that were held down, these Shia forces in the south of the country have now become a democratic mandated majority.
00:04:45.400But they don't rule in a democratic way, in a way that the Americans thought they would.
00:04:51.300They rule in a purely sectarian way, playing off the other two groups against them and dominating everything from their own point of view and doing to the other groups in some respects what Saddam did to them, which is not the reasons why the war was fought.
00:05:04.900And considering the amount of blood and material that was lost, the $3 trillion, the cost of the whole war from beginning to end, U.S. dollars, and the death total of around $160,000, that's the most lowercase revisionist death total.
00:05:28.220So there are higher ones in the anti-war movement and among certain historians of up to three-quarters of a million, about $27 million in Iraq as a whole.
00:05:38.560So that's the sort of package that you are presented with.
00:05:45.820No, let's – before we talk about how we got into the mess and the origins of the Iraq War, let's put a little more pressure on this aspect of democracy in itself.
00:05:59.960And, you know, oftentimes Americans, the American public are deemed naive, they're made fun of.
00:06:07.120And, you know, to be frank, and I'm speaking of American, in some ways I think a lot of these criticisms are valid.
00:06:12.760I mean I remember listening to talk radio in the mid-2000s.
00:06:19.500I don't think this was, you know, manipulated propaganda.
00:06:23.480Normal people calling up and being like, yeah, we're going to give them a democracy and they're going to start shopping in malls and not worrying about radical Islam and this kind of thing.
00:06:33.100You know, democracy itself was just this kind of vision of becoming a, you know, American postmodern nihilist or something where you spend your life buying shoes and, you know, working in a post-industrial cubicle or something like this.
00:06:51.100But, of course, you know, democracy, there's the crossy with the – not just the demos.
00:07:00.280And the great irony, particularly for the conservative movement and the neocons who are now obsessed with Iran, is that the Shia Muslims, who, you know, Iran is a Shia Muslim country, have been empowered perhaps even beyond their wildest dreams before 2003 in the sense that you had a – Saddam was a Sunni dictator, kind of Arab fascist is not a bad way of describing him.
00:07:28.500And he was ruling in some ways on behalf of a Sunni minority.
00:07:37.680Now you have an empowered Shia majority.
00:07:40.860You have Iran, which has more influence in its neighboring country, you know, because democracy was put forth.
00:07:48.120So do you think that that is kind of this – you know, the two sides of democracy, this kind of hokey notion of democracy that everyone's happy and free and, you know, they're all shopaholics.
00:08:02.760That's the kind of vulgar hokum that seems to be what was put forward by George Bush and was actually believed by a lot of Americans.
00:08:11.220And then there's actually the kind of – the democracy that's much more equivocal and is actually about power and has unintended consequences and so on and so forth.
00:08:21.440Do you think that people have learned anything by this?
00:08:24.460Do you think that the foreign policy establishment gets it?
00:08:28.300Do you think that the public, general public, are maybe a little more cynical or realistic this time around?
00:08:34.620Probably a little bit, although it will be marginal once the propaganda has cranked out yet again.
00:08:39.880I think nothing that happened is particularly mysterious to experts on that area of the world in the State Department.
00:08:47.200But they're a tiny fraction of the educated American polity.
00:08:50.940They could have predicted what would happen.
00:08:55.280There are no middle-ranked civic institutions in a country like Iraq.
00:08:58.840So people will vote nakedly along sectional lines.
00:09:01.600And they will vote along interest group lines.
00:09:03.740They will vote along communitarian lines.
00:09:07.960And you will basically just shift power from one group to another.
00:09:11.820And the groups, although they reach concordance with each other, have no concept of sharing power in an equitable way because it's about group domination.
00:09:20.100And certain policies in the West have always resembled this.
00:09:25.440Northern Ireland, for a long time, was not run along lines of left-right, non-communitarian democracy, individualized bourgeois democracy.
00:09:36.060But whether you were a Unionist, whether you were a Protestant, whether you were a Nationalist, whether you were a Catholic, for example, was all important.
00:09:43.080And in those kinds of societies, these divisions were the Kurds in the North as well.
00:09:49.040And so what the United States of America succeeded in doing is they took down a particularly virulent form of Sunni elitism and have replaced it by mass tabisitri, Shia democracy linked to Iran.
00:10:03.180And that is the dispensation which now ruled.
00:10:06.000Now, if Americans were told that they'd go through this great expense of war, men and materiel, never mind financing, to achieve such a limited end, it would have completely blunted all of the idealistic sort of posturing that led up to the war and its aftermath.
00:10:22.180I do think, though, that people are a little more chagrined afterwards, and the sort of Democratic Party side of the agenda, which always tends to be a bit more cynical, a bit more passive, a bit more disinterested in terms of foreign affairs, a bit more realistic about the realities of power and how it can be exercised in other societies with very different dynamics, that has largely won through.
00:10:47.700But I don't know what shape the anti-war movement is like in the United States or whether, in any respects, it has collapsed.
00:10:55.800Well, it's a very good question because I mentioned how the Iraq War defined the conservative movement and was a kind of shibboleth within that movement.
00:11:06.840And there was a very strong anti-war left.
00:11:09.940It might not have reached the peaks of the anti-Vietnam movement, which, you know, became a social movement and spilled over into all these areas.
00:11:19.600In some ways, that revolution had already taken place.
00:11:24.320And in some ways, I think, you know, so much of the anti-war movement was probably absorbed into Obama.
00:11:32.040And, you know, now the notion, I mean, Obama, again, Obama is a very equivocal figure.
00:11:38.820He has he hasn't more or less ended the war in Iraq.
00:11:43.260But then he's kind of taken on, you know, a foreign policy, which is almost George W. Bush light.
00:11:50.300You know, it's like we won't spend three trillion on some lunatic crusade in Iraq.
00:11:55.480We're going to spend half a trillion on a smaller lunatic crusade in Libya, which, which, again, has the same unintended consequences and so on and so forth, although it's on just a smaller scale.
00:12:09.840So, you know, in some ways, it's just kind of the, you know, the old boss, you know, same or the new boss, same as the old boss, although maybe not as crazy.
00:12:20.040But it's hard to say there's a compliment.
00:12:21.860So in some ways, the whole anti-war movement has just been absorbed into the system, which it once supposed.
00:12:29.660And, you know, to go back, you know, to what I mentioned before, I think a lot of this idea that people want to almost forget about the Iraq war is because, you know, much like 9-11 put the whole world on a new footing.
00:12:44.380You know, whether that was justified or not, you can argue, but it did.
00:12:47.940And I think the 2008 financial crisis put the world on a different footing.
00:12:53.840I think social mood is fundamentally different.
00:12:56.040I think people have different expectations.
00:12:58.360They have different perceptions of the West on power now.
00:13:01.820And so do you have any thoughts about that, of kind of this new, you know, I think we really are.
00:13:09.340We're in a different social mood zone, you know, pardon me for the clumsiness of that term.
00:13:17.040But, you know, than we were in the mid-2000s.
00:13:21.040Yes, I think the pretensions of the Bush presidency have been exploded.
00:13:26.360I think the reason the Republicans lost to Obama is largely placed, can be placed at the door of George W. Bush.
00:13:34.060I think there was, at the end of his regime, at the end of his second term, there was an enormous amount of sort of despair and onnui,
00:13:42.140particularly in conservative circles, about George W. Bush, and it's why McCain, who was almost as ardent in foreign policy terms,
00:13:50.020particularly around issues like Iran, couldn't pick up the baton there.
00:13:54.360It was the fact that George had ruined it for them with what appeared to be lies from the European perspective to get people into the war in the first instance.
00:14:05.940But there were no weapons of mass destruction.
00:14:08.040There was a high probability that there were none.
00:14:11.460Many other countries, small countries like the Netherlands and Northern European societies,
00:14:15.440who tend to be past 15 orientation anyway,
00:14:18.080and therefore whose judgments are not really listened to when the big brokers of power sit down glabally with each other.
00:14:24.820But they had suspected for a long time that there were none of these weapons.
00:14:28.900Most people thought there were such weapons or early systems to develop them,
00:14:33.800because Saddam's government was the sort of regime that would want them.
00:14:37.580What appears to have happened is he was developing low-level chemical and biological weapons,
00:14:42.580which is the poor man's bomb, and had an extremely rudimentary nuclear program.
00:14:46.660And yet he abolished it because he feared the Americans would use any programs for mass death as an excuse to invade.
00:14:55.320One of the ironies about all of these things, of course, is Saddam was a staunch ally of the United States.
00:15:33.000The U.S. will forget what you've done, and they might end up attacking you.
00:15:38.340In some ways, you know, you need to be a realistic policymaker.
00:15:42.480You need to speak a language, so to speak, or you need to have a give and take.
00:15:47.260There needs to be a rational discourse that, you know, we have certain ends we want to achieve.
00:15:52.040If you help us, we'll give you this, so on and so forth.
00:15:54.520With the United States, and I don't know if it has to do with, you know, I don't know, you know, sociopaths running the country or democracy itself,
00:16:02.800which is so fluid and influenced by emotion and so on and so forth.
00:16:10.380But I don't think there's any rational reason for any foreign power to trust Washington.
00:16:24.520His basic mistake was Kuwait, when the Americans put out conflicting signals.
00:16:29.740But Saddam ought to have known that the Americans would not tolerate him taking Kuwait.
00:16:33.680The whole purpose of these Arab gerontocracies and feudal states in the Gulf is to break up the possibility that dangerous Arab tendencies could emerge
00:16:42.940that might adopt an anti-Western and an anti-Israeli specificity.
00:16:48.300And there is a degree to which countries in the Middle East are kept supine under Arab giant regimes that are loyal to their Western paymasters.
00:17:02.360And there's two premises upon which all of that is based, the flow of oil and that it's kept so,
00:17:08.140with a minor corollary over to the effect that radical pan-nationalism in an Arab sense and Islamism should be avoided.
00:17:17.120And the second one is that the regime should not be too dangerous for Israel's future existence,
00:17:23.100even though it's understood that the Arab masses loathes Israel and would like to destroy it.
00:17:27.580And that is a reality of the Arab world and of the Muslim world in general and of Arab and Muslim politics.
00:17:34.600But as long as those feelings can't actualize themselves in threatening parallel state agencies or staple agencies, this is fine.
00:17:43.020The trouble with Iran at the moment is Iran appears to be a second world state of threatening aspect
00:17:49.600that might pose, in the most lurid of circumstances, an existential threat to Israel's existence.
00:17:57.020And all of the pressure which is being put upon Iran is purely because it's seen in that light,
00:18:02.100and the Israelis are calling in every favor they possibly can, particularly from the United States.
00:18:07.080Netanyahu is turning up later this week again for more consultations,
00:18:11.560because Israel is obsessed with the idea that Iran is a threat to them,
00:18:15.340and the United States is obsessed with giving Israel what it wants in relation to Middle Eastern power diplomacy.
00:18:22.380The correct position for the United States is the power, of course, is to be more even-handed and to have Arab allies.
00:18:28.460But such is the fervor of pro-Israeli sentiment in the United States,
00:18:33.920not least orchestrated by tens of millions of ardent Christian Zionists,
00:18:38.380who are actually extraordinarily important, particularly to the Republican Party.
00:18:41.840that the interest of the United States as a state is itself skewed,
00:18:47.320because they have interests on the Arab side that perpetually get overlooked,
00:18:51.000despite key Arab allies like Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
00:18:55.040Yes, without question. I mean, it's a very complicated issue.
00:18:58.360You obviously have a great deal of Jewish money supporting,
00:19:02.060and not just Jewish money, but Jewish Zionist money supporting Democratic candidates,
00:19:06.840and then you have the Christian Zionist base that doesn't seem to be financial,