Jonathan Bowden joins Richard and Vanessa to discuss feminism, its origins, where it came from and where it went from there. They discuss the first wave of feminism in the 19th and 20th centuries, and how it changed the course of history.
00:00:27.380Hello, everyone. Today, it's great to welcome back to the program our friend and contributor, Jonathan Bowden.
00:00:36.500Jonathan, thanks for being back with us. How are things over on your side of the Atlantic?
00:00:41.700Yeah, it's a bit frigid, a bit cold these days, but probably nothing to what it's like on your side, but otherwise well.
00:00:48.500Excellent. Today, we are going to talk about another big and important issue for our movement, and that is feminism.
00:00:58.200It's obviously an issue of major importance for the world as well.
00:01:03.020Jonathan, what makes feminism so complicated and interesting is that it's had all of these various waves, as they call them,
00:01:15.600and they've often put forward contradictory philosophies and objectives, but maybe that's what's made feminism so long-lasting and powerful in a way.
00:01:27.260But to get the conversation started, just talk about that initial impulse towards feminism, where that was coming from, where do you think it cropped up first?
00:01:43.660What was kind of the first, first wave, so to speak, of feminism?
00:01:47.760Do you think this was with women's suffrage, or was it with some of the many liberal revolutions that occurred in Europe over the course of the 19th century?
00:01:58.220Where do you think that original urge came from?
00:02:02.920Yes, that's a complicated and quite a difficult one.
00:02:06.820I mean, textually, it goes back to Mary Wollstonecraft's The Rights and Wrongs of Women,
00:02:11.400and, you know, Rights of Women, as against Tom Paine's Rights of Man, produced in a similar time frame at the beginning of the 19th century,
00:02:20.780sort of coming out of the latter end of the 18th century.
00:02:24.180And she was part of a radical sort of ferment of opinion around William Godwin and his extended family into which she was intermarried.
00:02:34.260But the political drift of feminism in its first wave that's discernible has to be in and around the Great War, 1914 to 1918 in Europe,
00:02:48.880and just after, where you have a militant movement for women's suffrage, concentrating on the vote, but often extending out into other areas.
00:02:57.540And you have that split into two wings between those who will pursue purely non-violent means,
00:03:04.640who've been largely forgotten by history, the suffragists, and those that were prepared to use direct action and indeed even violence to get their way,
00:03:13.620the suffragettes, who are the ones that history remembers.
00:03:17.200They're the ones who were force-fed in prison.
00:03:19.760They're the ones who chained themselves to railings.
00:03:22.520They're the ones who are saucy police officers.
00:03:24.780They're the ones who threw themselves in front of derby winners and were trampled to death on newsreels at the time,
00:03:31.660to great and extended excitement and social convulsion.
00:03:36.080So that was the first real sort of wave, which then fed into the swinging 1920s,
00:03:44.380as Europe and the West relaxed into a hedonistic decade after the slaughter of the Great War and prior to the coming Depression of the 30s.
00:03:53.160Second wave feminism, as it's so-called, is correlative to the 60s and sort of has a whole new generation,
00:04:03.560skipping out several generations in actual fact, between the first and the second waves.
00:04:08.860The second wave is notorious for its theorists and its polemics,
00:04:13.360and it's going outside the box of what is understood to be political and looking at all areas of life,
00:04:21.820often in a rather caustic and adversarial way.
00:04:25.780Culturally, the second wave, you could argue, had far more impact than the first wave,
00:04:30.280but they wouldn't have amounted to anything without the first wave.
00:04:34.180And the first wave did genuinely convulse the society,
00:04:39.440because nothing divided opinion, like the issue of whether women should get the vote,
00:04:45.460because it was axiomatic of all sorts of other matters in the society.
00:04:50.200By giving them the vote, it indicated that women could do almost all jobs that men could do up to a point.
00:04:59.020And it opened the professions to them, it opened the universities to them,
00:05:03.520it opened higher education institutions to them,
00:05:07.320it opened a world of politics and political representation to them, not just voting.
00:05:12.560And so, in a way, it changed the world,
00:05:16.080and that's why the sort of dynamite of the vote was used.
00:05:21.800What do you think was the reigning philosophy of the early suffragists and suffragettes?