00:00:29.280okay i hear that you're a chicken uh chicken farmer yeah is that right where do you have a
00:00:34.600chicken coop we do we do yeah no i feel like a chicken farmer and it's it's interesting so
00:00:38.700i've wanted chickens for a very long time and it actually took you know just because we live in
00:00:43.100this massive naval base it took a while to figure out exactly how to do it so we got like the taj
00:00:48.060mahal of chicken coops okay and that was built as of a few weeks ago and then you normally get
00:00:52.980chickens in the spring and so we get we had our chicken delivery about two weeks ago oh wow how
00:00:57.720we have like 15 which somehow i got nine or 10 and we ended up with 15 so i'm not sure exactly
00:01:04.060how that worked out but it's it's kind of crazy because the the big question is always whenever
00:01:08.920you get an animal whether it's a dog a cat or chickens in this case it's like how much are
00:01:12.740the kids actually going to do so we have a nine-year-old six-year-old a four-year-old and
00:01:16.580it turns out they love chickens like almost weirdly like i'm i'm worried they're going to
00:01:20.640be like weird chicken people now because they obsessively want to go and just hang out with
00:01:24.320chickens and sit in a chicken coop and it stinks and there's poop everywhere so they're really into
00:01:29.600them which i guess is better than the alternative but they it is like i'm a big believer that having
00:01:35.740kids connected in nature in some way is very profound and important and this is a good way
00:01:40.760even though they live in the middle of washington dc it's like a good way for them to have like some
00:01:44.780connection to nature and of course the chicks get big and they start laying eggs and that's cool
00:01:49.680too which is exciting we have a chicken coop but we don't have any chickens yet oh really we're not
00:01:53.380there we started with a cat okay and our seven-year-old is really good at taking care of
00:01:58.060the cat that's good that's good um and then we also have a guinea pig named travis okay and travis
00:02:03.380is kind of neglected because of the cat of course but i i agree with you maybe one day we'll get on
00:02:08.220y'all's level though i highly recommend it it's way less work and maintenance than i expected it
00:02:12.920to be yeah now part of that's because we have this very nice chicken coop but uh it's it's very cool
00:02:17.620so we're very into it yeah okay y'all are expecting number four we are my husband and i are on the
00:02:22.920same tracks. Congratulations. Congratulations to you. You write about in your book that y'all
00:02:27.780decided to add another little one to your family after Charlie was assassinated. That's right.
00:02:32.280Can you talk more about that? Yeah. So this has been a sort of an ongoing conversation as it
00:02:37.720probably is with all families, with a lot of kids. And I remember when we had our first kid
00:02:44.620and you go from zero to one, I was like, I'm never doing this again. It was such a shock to
00:02:49.400the system it was crazy and i think we also our oldest was just a little bit tougher of a baby
00:02:54.320and then we had number two and number three and now i'm just all like i would have nine kids
00:02:58.340but you know as you know it takes takes two to tango and you know usha's now she just turned 40
00:03:04.920and so like it gets a little bit harder right the older that you get the harder it is on the body
00:03:09.760and so she was kind of like you know i don't really know that i want to be pregnant again
00:03:13.280like i'd love to have a fourth baby i'd love to be pregnant again with all the spotlight so
00:03:17.440So this has been an ongoing conversation for a couple of years. And, you know, when Charlie died, and so this is, you know, I'll never forget the dates because I was supposed to go to New York for the 9-11 memorial. And so he dies on September the 10th, is killed on September the 10th. We fly out the morning of the 11th, pick up his body in Utah, and then fly him and Erica and some of the family back to, back to Arizona.
00:03:41.580and you know there's so many things i remember from that moment and you know you see erica and
00:03:47.240you want to say something profound but what can you possibly say there's just there's nothing to
00:03:51.260say and you know i've found this a number of times with with grieving people is you know you sort of
00:03:58.320oscillate between so sad you can't even speak to wanting to tell stories and wanting to remember
00:04:05.940and almost, you know, having like these extremely fond
00:04:09.740and intense memories of a person you just lost.
00:04:13.400And so we talked to Erica for a while, of course, about Charlie,
00:04:16.340but then she sort of just makes this observation through her tears
00:04:19.940that she really wishes they had had more kids.
00:04:22.520They have two little kids who have actually stayed here a number of times
00:06:13.720That's absolutely right. And they also just, because it's not like the kids, unfortunately,
00:06:18.380in some ways, because my favorite ages are like three to six. I love those ages, but they get
00:06:24.180older and so the nine-year-old is now pretty helpful and the six-year-old is very helpful
00:06:28.820and they become more self-sufficient they also play with each other right they're like their own
00:06:33.180little kid crew yeah and so it's actually becomes certainly you know less work i think over time
00:06:41.300and you know there's like some weird stuff like you know we'll be back in the diaper stage we
00:06:45.580are firmly out of the diaper stage that's going to be you know a little unusual but i just i i
00:06:50.640think it's such a good thing. And absolutely, it's the easier the way... It's easier the further
00:06:56.680out you get. You write about your own dad in both of your books, Hillbillyology, and then your new
00:07:00.920book, Communion. And obviously, he wasn't as present as a boy needed, but you do talk about
00:07:06.660how he brought you to church pretty consistently for a period of your life. Can you talk about
00:07:11.560that? What was your experience, not only with your dad, but really with Christianity when you
00:07:16.320growing up? Yeah. So my dad, there was a period where my biological father was not in my life at
00:07:22.600all, six or seven years. And so when he and I reconnected when I was a teenager, there's just
00:07:27.940like a little awkwardness there, but I loved him. I think he's fundamentally was always a good guy,
00:07:33.020but I think his faith really inspired him to be a better person. And so by the time that he and I
00:07:38.180reconnected, he was very deeply involved in his church community, which was a Pentecostal church
00:07:43.180in Southwestern Ohio. And so the thing that I remember, because when we went to church,
00:07:48.000it was normally like a Southern Baptist church. And this Pentecostal church, the music was amazing.
00:07:53.620The people were super welcoming. I'd never seen somebody speak in tongues before until I started
00:07:57.540going to church with dad. So there are all these new and interesting things. But what it did do
00:08:01.800for me is it actually gave me a church community, which I hadn't had at any point in my life.
00:08:07.060So the woman who was certainly most important in my own faith was my grandmother, the woman I
00:08:12.220called Mamaw, and very devoutly Christian, read the Bible multiple times per day, was very intense
00:08:20.500about our faith, would talk about it with anybody, but also was very unchurched, right? So we would
00:08:26.280watch Billy Graham revivals on TV, we'd watch TBN or CBN, but we didn't really have a church
00:08:31.960community. Occasionally, we'd go to church, but not that often. And so one of the things I realized
00:08:37.340in hindsight, is that Mamaw was my link to Christianity. And so even though I was still
00:08:45.040close to my dad and I would occasionally go to church with him, when Mamaw died, and this happened
00:08:50.100when I was 20 years old, I was in the Marine Corps, I was about to go to Iraq, I was an atheist two
00:08:55.720years later. And you could always intellectualize this stuff or sort of come up with reasons,
00:09:00.980But at some basic level, Christianity to me was mammal. And when that was gone, the person I talked to about my faith, the person who sort of encouraged me in my faith, when that was gone, I just didn't really have any anchor to Christianity anymore. And I think there is an important lesson in this.
00:09:17.640I mean, one of the reasons I wrote this book is, you know, I wanted to obviously talk about my own faith journey, but I'm very interested, maybe even obsessed with this question of why do people who are raised in Christian households, why does it not take?
00:09:34.400Like, I get it if you're raised in an atheist household or a secular household, but why is it that so many of our young people, like I take my kids to church every week, sometimes more often than that.
00:09:44.440We talk about it all the time. We, you know, do readings together and we pray every day before
00:09:49.080dinner. And I am worried that like a lot of Christian parents, this thing that is very1.00
00:09:54.500meaningful to me will not take. And so a part of the reason why I wrote the book is to try to
00:09:59.820explain at least for one kid why it didn't take and then why, of course, eventually it came back.
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00:11:20.860You know, Mamaw had a really good discernment from what I read in your book. One of the things
00:11:25.600that you noted is that she didn't like Benny Hinn. You know what? And a lot of people in her
00:11:31.060socioeconomic station loved those health and wealth name it and claim it televangelist and i
00:11:37.000just love when i read that line that you were like ma'am i would just know from a mile away that he1.00
00:11:41.300was a crook and she was right no and and she you know there were people she loved right she she
00:11:46.200loved billy graham we would watch pat robertson on uh 700 club all the time but she really didn't
00:11:52.860like benny hand it was like this intense revulsion almost yeah and it's it's it's funny because
00:11:59.500looking back I kind of liked it right I thought it was interesting he was very charismatic guy
00:12:03.560very dynamic yeah very dynamic and yeah you're right you're exactly right she had great discernment
00:12:07.900which is I mean one of the reasons why my life turned out okay is she had great discernment
00:12:12.360in matters of faith right but she was also like the person who would say and I write about this
00:12:17.180you know if she found out I was hanging out with a kid who was doing drugs in the neighborhood
00:12:21.460she'd say if you don't stop hanging out with a kid I'm gonna run over over with my car and she
00:12:26.580was so out there that i was like worried she would actually do it so so she definitely had
00:12:32.340this ability to keep me on the straight and narrow yeah but uh yeah she was a very devout
00:12:36.940but a very unconventional christian one of the things you write about and this did kind of
00:12:40.940surprise me you were talking about what the evangelical world was like for you growing up
00:12:47.100and you talk about a preoccupation that a lot of christians had in your area with culture war
00:12:52.320issues that seem kind of distant. Terry Schiavo, Bill Clinton, the moral majority. Now, I hear this
00:12:59.060critique from a lot of people who leave evangelicalism, typically from the progressive
00:13:03.600side, saying, you know, evangelicals just care about power and the culture wars and things like
00:13:09.040that. They don't care about caring for the poor and all of that. I don't know if that's an accurate
00:13:12.860representation of what you're trying to say, but would you say that this kind of what you describe
00:13:18.880as an obsession with politics and stuff by evangelicals. Did that repel you?
00:13:23.720So it did. And I think in some ways I was being uncharitable. But again, part of the reason why
00:13:29.640I'm writing it so honestly is I'm trying to take people into the mind of a kid. And sometimes
00:13:34.320teenagers are uncharitable, right? And so if we're asking ourselves, why do people fall away from the
00:13:38.780faith? Part of that is, you know, I certainly picked up on the, you know, evangelicals are
00:13:44.440too interested in the culture wars thing. And there was part of that, but to be a little bit
00:13:48.900more charitable to sort of what I was dealing with at the time, you know, I was, I was about
00:13:53.260to leave for Iraq. The most important person in my life had just died. My family was financially
00:13:59.380in a very tough spot, but also just, you know, mom was struggling with the worst part of her
00:14:03.520addiction. And I didn't even disagree with the Catholics and the evangelicals who are so worried
00:14:08.880about the Terry Schiavo case, but it seemed like a very weird point of emphasis to me at the time.
00:14:13.480Like, why are we talking so much about this thing when I saw so much that was going wrong
00:14:19.640in my own community that it felt like the church wasn't speaking to?
00:14:23.460And so I do think that one of the lessons here is not that Christians shouldn't care
00:14:26.960about politics, because obviously I think that they should, but I think that they have
00:14:30.460to appreciate that part of what a 21 or a 22-year-old kid is going through is going
00:14:35.580to be so divorced from the day-to-day of public policy that if you don't speak to what kids
00:14:41.760they're dealing with, then you're going to lose a lot of them. And I think that that's one thing
00:14:45.960that when I, again, think about my own falling away from the faith, there was this sense of
00:14:52.440almost betrayal, that there was a total chaotic situation in my own life, and the faith didn't
00:15:00.280speak to it in the same way. And again, was that totally fair? No. But it's certainly part of the
00:15:06.380story of why I lost my faith. Yeah, I was raised evangelical, still Southern Baptist to this day.
00:15:11.760And there was certainly an aspect of that.
00:15:13.700Maybe I didn't notice it quite as much because I had been going, you know, since the time
00:16:03.060Because I remember my stepmom, who I'm still very close to, she's actually coming here
00:16:07.120in a week or two to to help take care of our kids over july 4th um because we've got obviously a lot
00:16:12.160going on as vice president yeah and you know one of the things she said to me i'll never forget
00:16:16.640this she was raised by a union man and like a lot of people in my neck of the woods growing up
00:16:22.320union democrats socially conservative very christian but felt deeply alienated from
00:16:29.520the cultural direction of the democratic party and i remember talking to her about politics
00:16:33.680like, why are you a Republican? This is the Bill Clinton era. I was a teenager. And she's like,
00:16:38.100well, you know, Republicans are for the rich, but at least they care about the unborn.
00:16:43.660And, you know, there was this idea that somehow Republicans like tricked evangelicals to voting
00:16:50.660against their economic interests because they cared about the culture war issues. The actual
00:16:56.260truth was much more interesting, which is that a lot of middle class, working class evangelicals,
00:17:02.260they didn't love the business elites of the Republican Party. They recognized they were
00:17:06.640making a choice between two imperfect options here. So it was much more self-aware. And again,
00:17:13.300people are much smarter than I think the progressive movement was willing to give
00:17:16.980them credit for. But I do think that one of the takeaways, and frankly, to be a little biased here
00:17:22.640and a little partisan, one of the things that happened with the Trump movement, even though
00:17:27.400obviously the president is not a traditional evangelical Christian, is that he was actually
00:17:36.740willing to give voice not just to the cultural concerns of the Christian base, but some of the
00:17:41.600economic concerns. Like, why did you ship my job overseas? I want a pro-life politician. I want
00:17:46.700somebody who's protecting the family. I also want somebody who's going to protect my job.
00:17:50.780And that was, I think, always part of the power of the Trump movement, is that a woman like my
00:17:55.920stepmother, who was one of the first people who was ever really MAGA in my life, she was like,
00:18:01.880no, no, no, I actually want both of these things. And I kind of, you know, one of the arguments I
00:18:07.360make here, and I really believe in is, I think Christians should be more assertive about their
00:18:13.680politics. But I think we should be assertive about our political views, both when it comes to
00:18:18.080matters of economics and the dignity of work. We also have to be assertive, of course, about our
00:18:23.040views when it comes to matters of life or matters of the family. Do you think your views on economics
00:18:27.780have changed from the time you wrote Hillbilly Elegy to today? From the time I wrote Hillbilly
00:18:32.900Elegy, not much. I mean, there's definitely, you know, one of the things I struggle with
00:18:38.240as just a person who has come from struggle and a pretty chaotic background, a lower income
00:18:45.300background is you have to be able to hold two thoughts in your head at the same time.
00:18:49.320One of those thoughts is that objectively, my life was not as economically prosperous as I think, frankly, it could have been if leaders hadn't made bad decisions back in the 80s, 90s, sometimes even before that.
00:19:03.300And you're not talking about kind of the false choice that people present that either you vote for Republicans who hate poor people or you vote for Democrats with unconditional welfare.
00:19:11.740Because I think that's what a lot of people think when they're thinking about economics.
00:19:15.300But you're not necessarily saying progressive policy is badder economically.
00:19:18.860No, not at all. In fact, I'd say that the basic bipartisan consensus, if you go back
00:19:24.680to the 1990s, the world that I grew up in, they were fundamentally asking, how much money
00:19:29.480do we give to the people who haven't done as well? That was the debate. And the Republicans
00:19:34.060would say a little bit less in the 90s, and Democrats would say a little bit more. But
00:19:37.760what always bothered me, even going back then, was why isn't there less of a question, or
00:19:45.140why isn't there more of a question? Why don't we have fewer people who have lost in this hyper
00:19:50.300globalized economy in the first place? Like people don't want welfare, they want jobs.
00:19:55.520And there were a lot of very hardworking people who lost a lot of very good jobs because
00:19:59.100we decided that we didn't care whether our factories went to Mexico or China,
00:20:03.500so long as it made a couple of additional points on the share price of this or that company or this
00:20:09.100or that investment bank. And so to go back to the core point, I actually think that there is an
00:20:16.100entire Christian concept of economics that was totally ignored in the 1990s. It's not redistribute
00:20:24.200a bunch of money to the people who have lost in the global financial system. It's protect the
00:20:29.760dignity of work, protect the kind of wage that supports a family, protect the kind of communities
00:20:34.880that sustain good and virtuous people, that almost became a casualty of the fact that the
00:20:42.500debate was always about redistribution. How much do we redistribute to the losers? That was the
00:20:46.480way that these people formulated the debate. I hated that way of putting it.
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00:21:51.500alia check out the seven weeks coffee.com code ali the front of your new book communion it's got
00:22:01.540what looks like a baptist church on it um it's not a catholic church i know that it's it's it's
00:22:07.100from i believe western north carolina yeah which i thought was interesting which is appropriate
00:22:11.120you did ultimately become catholic yep and so i'm curious my question is twofold tell me about that
00:22:17.340decision of kind of not only leaving evangelicalism, becoming atheist and becoming Catholic and why
00:22:22.160Catholicism, but then maybe also how Catholicism has shaped your view of what you just said,
00:22:28.100because the Catholic church has been very outspoken for a very long time about things
00:22:31.520like economic policy, maybe in a more uniform way than say Protestants have. So two-part question,
00:22:37.700we'll start with why you decided Catholicism. Well, I think it's hard to say why Catholicism
00:22:43.100without why back to Christianity. Okay. And so in my call it early twenties, I leave the Marine0.93
00:22:52.140Corps. I go to Ohio state, I go to Yale law school and without even realizing it, maybe there was
00:22:56.560always this sort of flaw in my character, but I had become a striver. Like I had become a person
00:23:03.080who was obsessed with getting ahead just for its own sake. I was obsessed with how much money I
00:23:08.060made. I was obsessed with what kind of credentials I had, where I went to school, the prestige of
00:23:13.080my job, where I live. I just had completely discarded all of the focus of my grandmother's
00:23:21.140faith and her worldview. And I was way too worried about very, very worldly pursuits.
00:23:27.500Now, in my defense, there was a legitimate thing there, which is being a provider,
00:23:33.080wanting to provide your kids the things that you didn't have, that's fine. But I had taken it 10
00:23:37.160levels too far and to an obsession with getting ahead. Okay. So I get to Yale Law School and I'm
00:23:43.260successful by every metric. I've won all of these competitions of life. And I think to myself,
00:23:48.540am I actually a happy person? Am I actually a good person? And I start having these very deep
00:23:53.300questions about- Why did you start having those questions?
00:23:55.500Well, a couple of reasons. Number one, because I realized that I was, again, preoccupied with
00:24:00.860things that actually didn't really matter that much. We all end up in the same place. We all
00:24:05.140start the same place and fundamentally like was i the sort of person was i becoming the sort of
00:24:10.620person where the people who knew me best would say things that i cared about you know david brooks
00:24:17.220has this this famous formulation of resume virtues virtue versus i think he says eulogy
00:24:23.660virtues or obituary virtues it's idea that like what really matters here is not whether you went
00:24:28.920to law school or not but it matters what kind of a person you were and so that was one thing but
00:24:34.000but at a deeper level, I mean, I, I'd fallen in love and the woman who is now the second lady,
00:24:39.940she and I were dating. I was not a very good boyfriend. I had a terrible temper. I had in,
00:24:44.580in hindsight, what people would have called attachment problems. And so we'd have an
00:24:48.300argument and I'd be like, all right, see you later. You know, call me in a few days. And I
00:24:52.980sort of think to myself, well, wait a second, all of this success that I've geared my life towards
00:24:58.560is not making me good at the thing that I care the most about, which is marrying this girl,
00:25:03.580being a good husband, being a good father. And so you start asking those like bigger and deeper
00:25:07.900questions. And then I start saying to myself, oh, interesting. These like people that I dismissed
00:25:13.500as bumpkins, as irrational, as superstitious, these Christians in my life, they're actually1.00
00:25:19.560the ones who seem to have it figured out. Like they're much happier, they're much healthier,0.93
00:25:24.740they're much more well-adjusted. Now, I don't want to be like too critical of my Yale Law
00:25:30.200school classmates, most of whom were fundamentally decent people, but they were like me. They cared
00:25:34.980way too much about whether they were achieving by society's standards and they weren't that
00:25:40.680interesting. I remember having this sort of conversation with Usha when we were dating
00:25:46.660where I said, you know what? As much as this is like the most prestigious and the hardest to get
00:25:52.400into school, I had way more interesting conversations with my classmates at Ohio State
00:25:57.380or in high school than I do with my classmates at Yale.
00:26:00.640And she actually said, I agree with you.
00:26:22.880and geared their life towards the same things.1.00
00:26:25.060And it was the Christians that I had dismissed0.99
00:26:26.800as bumpkins who had things figured out so that got me on the pathway of like well if they're0.98
00:26:32.240right about virtue and they're right about character and they're right about the things
00:26:36.880that actually matter maybe they're right about jesus maybe this actually comes from some inner
00:26:40.800truth that radiates outward and i i talked to a priest friend of mine the guy who actually
00:26:46.480eventually baptized me and he said you know the christian faith doesn't require you to accept
00:26:52.800everything without doubt in fact it almost encourages doubt or at least acknowledges doubt
00:26:57.440you know there's the famous idea of faith the size of a mustard seed but what it does ask you
00:27:02.720to do is sort of accept that the good and true parts of christianity come from a real witness
00:27:09.840that if you believe the sort of the you know the consequences of the christian faith then maybe you
00:27:16.480have to accept that the other things that christians say are true like jesus christ is the son of god
00:27:21.520that all sinners need grace that that grace can be transformative at least over time
00:27:26.240and that kind of got me down the path okay well maybe i'm a christian now but how to be a christian
00:27:32.000and that that's all ultimately what led me to uh to catholicism and and like i can again
00:27:39.040because we're talking about a book and you write down a book on paper there's always this
00:27:42.880instinct to overthink things or to you know describe things as more rational than they
00:27:48.400actually are there are two things that that really appealed to me about catholicism the first is that
00:27:54.800a lot of the christians that i was engaged with at the time that i was going to church with they
00:27:58.960were catholics and they were really good people and they were the people that i was talking to
00:28:03.840about my own doubts and skepticism and so that was a big part of you know what just got me back into
00:28:08.960church was this the catholics in my life my uncle right my mom's younger sister the best husband
00:28:14.320the best father a guy i really modeled myself after he was a devout catholic wasn't particularly
00:28:20.080curious about that for most of my life but as i started becoming a husband and father i was much
00:28:24.480more curious about that fact but the the second thing i'll say about catholicism and i think to
00:28:29.440be fair it's also true of a lot of evangelical denominations is there was this sense that the
00:28:35.600entire world was changing too fast that things were shifting that you know the the christian church
00:28:43.360was sometimes too willing to try to fit itself with the times as opposed to try to influence
00:28:49.060the times itself. And what I really liked about Catholicism is that it felt very, very stable.
00:28:56.880You know, if you're critical, almost boring, but the doctrine just doesn't change. There's this
00:29:01.300very almost bureaucratic process for changing even like a word in the catechism. And I liked
00:29:07.740that stability a lot. I liked the hierarchy of it. I liked the sense that there was a consistency
00:29:13.140see across generations and places. Like if we were on vacation somewhere and I walked into a
00:29:18.540Catholic church, it'd be the same readings, the same gospel, and the homily might change a little
00:29:24.300bit, but fundamentally it felt stable to me when I was very, very much craving stability.
00:29:28.260Yeah, I understand that. And that's something that a lot of my Catholic friends will tell me
00:29:32.960is that they love the uniformity of it and the unity of it. And I totally understand why that's
00:29:37.460appealing. I'm going to ask you a question that I asked my Catholic friends, and it's a true0.84
00:29:41.560curiosity, when you look at the statistics of what people who profess to be Catholics believe
00:29:46.900about things like abortion, things like sexuality and gender, they're much more likely to be
00:29:52.840progressive than, say, the average evangelical. Evangelicals are kind of, in some ways, the lone
00:29:57.140bull work on these things, much less likely to support those progressive causes. And so I do1.00
00:30:02.680wonder if the Catholic Church has been so consistent on all of these issues, and I hear a
00:30:07.840lot that Protestants have been inconsistent, I do wonder why evangelicals are so much more united
00:30:13.120on what the Bible says about these issues than Catholics generally are.
00:30:17.000Yeah, I've thought about this question, and I don't know if this is going to be a satisfactory
00:30:20.520answer, but I think part of it is that cultural Catholicism is much more powerful than cultural
00:30:26.880Protestantism. What I mean is that if you are a Protestant and you fall away from your faith,
00:30:32.220you're much more likely to just say you're not a Protestant anymore or you're not a Christian
00:30:35.600anymore. Whereas if you're a Catholic and you largely fall away from your faith,
00:30:39.480there still is this sense of sort of identification with the Catholic faith,
00:30:43.660even if you yourself are not going to church regularly. But I think if you look at evangelicals
00:30:47.920who go to church regularly and Catholics who go to church regularly, you see a remarkable amount
00:30:52.940of harmony and synthesis about the core issues that matter. Yeah. There is a growing divide,
00:30:59.380it seems to me, on the right between evangelicals and Catholics, and maybe it just lives online,
00:31:04.940Maybe it's not so much in real life, but there's certainly this feeling, it seems to me, as an
00:31:10.860evangelical, that evangelicals are the reason that we're in a bunch of problems, or we haven't won
00:31:16.820as many wars or culture wars as we need to. The future of America and the future of conservatism0.97
00:31:22.680is Catholic. It's trad-cath, as the people say online. What is your take on that?
00:31:28.080so my take on it is fundamentally like america was founded as a protestant nation yeah and you
00:31:37.600know that said there are definitely like seeds of catholicism in the original american founding as
00:31:44.580well of course maryland was named maryland and had deep connections to the catholic church
00:31:50.940a lot of what was going on in the original west western conquest the original european founding
00:31:56.360in the West was very rooted in Catholicism. And so I guess I see these debates as a sort of
00:32:03.280very good continuation of something that's kind of always been true and always been in the
00:32:08.280background of American Christianity. And I'm a big believer, and maybe this is too optimistic,
00:32:14.480but I believe that, you know, I'm a Catholic, I believe in the core teachings of my faith,
00:32:19.800but I also think that there is a reason why there was a Reformation, there was a reason why the
00:32:25.700church kind of scattered. And ultimately, I just have a certain optimism, faith, a hope that God's
00:32:34.360going to figure all this out in the end. That the reason why we're having these arguments is because
00:32:38.460one of the ways that we come to know God is by trying to understand Him. And one of the ways
00:32:43.360that we understand Him is by debating between evangelicals and Catholics and tradcasts and
00:32:48.620Southern Baptists about all these issues. And so I do think that there are things to learn.
00:32:53.340Like, I think that one of the things that Catholics sort of have to learn from evangelicals is, why is it that if, you know, one of the experiences, I've had a number of friends who will walk into a Catholic church, they're extremely interested in it, they'll hear a beautiful homily, they'll be amazed by the sort of, you know, magnificence of the mass and the music, but then nobody will talk to them afterwards.
00:33:17.480Everybody leaves and disappears and goes back to their own homes.
00:33:20.420Now, if you're part of the parish community, you very much are like part of the church community.
00:33:26.220But if you show up to like an evangelical church in southwestern Ohio and nobody knows who you are, like nine of them will ask you for donuts or coffee or to hang out afterwards.
00:33:37.140There is a spirit of welcoming there in the evangelical church that I think Catholics can learn a lot from.
00:33:42.260I'm not saying Catholics don't ever do that, but it's so much more part of the evangelical church tradition in the United States of America.
00:33:50.420At the same time, what can evangelicals learn from Catholics? I do think that there is something to be said about the stability of doctrine. Even if it doesn't necessarily take with every single member, there's something to be said about the stability of doctrine and the stability of the institution.
00:34:06.020And my sense is that, again, God's going to figure all this out in the end, and we'll all get to
00:34:11.080heaven. He'll tell us who was right and who was wrong about specific issues. But I think there's
00:34:15.440a purpose to this. There has to be, because we've been arguing about this stuff for 500 years,
00:34:19.760maybe even longer. And I think those arguments are fundamentally good, even if sometimes they're
00:34:24.700absurd. Yeah, I love the debates. I think they're super fun. And when you get with someone who's
00:34:29.680okay with that, and you can still be friends after, it's just the best.
00:34:32.520exactly it's the best exactly it is your mammal once said to me about this all that matters is
00:34:37.200jesus and i think that if that's the anchor and you recognize that when we have these theological
00:34:42.620arguments the anchor is jesus christ it's all going to work out in the end
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00:36:19.460do range leather.com slash alley you talk about you and charlie kind of discussing this and having
00:36:30.240these debates and i'm curious not necessarily about y'all's private conversations but is there
00:36:36.620anything that he or protestant ever said that you're like huh that's kind of a good point
00:36:43.240because there are certainly things that i see as that from the evangelical perspective when i'm
00:36:47.700reading, say, Aquinas or Chesterton? Yeah, well, I mean, yes, I mean, so many things. But the point
00:36:53.920that you made is a point that Charlie has made to me in the past, which is, you know, one of my
00:36:58.020favorite Bible verses. And indeed, one of the things that kind of got me back on the pathway
00:37:02.420of faith is, by your fruits, you shall know them. And what are the fruits of a given person's faith?
00:37:08.200The Bible makes a couple of, like, simultaneously absurd, but very compelling arguments to me about
00:37:16.280human nature, which is that God chooses to reveal himself through people described in the Bible as
00:37:23.980rapists, murderers, sinners of the very worst kind, but who find redemption through grace.
00:37:30.380Now, again, if you're a skeptic, you might say, well, if this faith is true, why doesn't it just
00:37:37.840automatically transform people? But if you're, I think, a student of human nature who is also
00:37:43.100Christian, you would say, well, this is actually kind of like weirdly how it works, is that0.90
00:37:47.780transformation is bumpy. You take two steps forward and one step back. And I think that
00:37:52.360one of the things that Protestants, particularly evangelicals, have said to me that I find quite
00:37:57.420compelling is that for all of my, I think, true arguments about this institutional stability,
00:38:03.580it's exactly what you said, that there is this way in which the American Catholic Church
00:38:08.960has become quite assimilated into secular culture? And is that the best fruit? And my argument would
00:38:16.620be, my counter argument to that would be no, but that what we're really seeing is in some ways a
00:38:22.780purification of both the Protestant and the Catholic churches, which is that the people
00:38:26.800who are participating in the rich community life of each church are getting closer and closer to
00:38:32.860God. And unfortunately, we just have a culture that has moved in a very secular direction.
00:38:37.920Catholicism is not immune to that, but I do think that it is very much,
00:38:41.660it is a ship in a very troubled water.
00:39:28.600I think it's very important for Christian leaders,
00:39:30.500whether they're Southern Baptist ministers or the Pope in Rome,
00:39:33.480have an obligation to speak about the moral issues of the day.
00:39:37.480I understand the temptation, but you can't be totally disengaged from politics if you're
00:39:42.600actually honestly preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ.
00:39:45.600What I would say is that the question of how to apply pragmatic—the question of how to
00:39:53.700apply moral judgments, Christian principles in the messy real-world context of American
00:39:59.860politics is fundamentally something that god gives to the president and not to the pope and so i
00:40:06.820wouldn't say the pope should never talk about politics but i do think they have different roles
00:40:10.640bishop robert barrett actually had a very good ex post about this where he said while the pope
00:40:16.360absolutely should and must speak about how you apply moral issues to politics the catechism of
00:40:23.260the church also very says that the president is ultimately the one who has to make these decisions
00:40:27.360And again, I think so long as the debate isn't in bad faith, the administration can learn a lot from the Pope, and that debate and that conversation is quite valuable.
00:40:40.300Like conservative Catholics really, let me give you another example, really disliked Pope Francis, or I'm overstating it.
00:40:46.420Some segments of conservative Catholics had very strong disagreements with Pope Francis.
00:40:50.840I found that even when I was frustrated by something that Pope Francis would say, I would
00:40:55.920learn something from it. And the debate that it kicked off would actually lead to greater
00:41:01.060understanding. And I think that was actually part of what he was doing. This is my charitable spin
00:41:06.420on this, is that Pope Francis really liked to create these debates in the church because he
00:41:12.760thought they were valuable. And so sometimes people would say, I can't believe he said that
00:41:16.500some italian newspaper and i would always say well the fact that we're talking about what the gospel
00:41:21.260means in this very present day context isn't that a good thing yeah well protestants certainly agree
00:41:28.340with that that debates and divisions can actually be clarifying and are sometimes worth it if it
00:41:32.580leads us to the truth and i'm glad you did distinguish that because certainly i'm sure
00:41:36.980that you would say the pope should be speaking up about the sanctity of life and things like that
00:41:40.860And so it's just the civic versus church authority that God has ordained that you were kind of delineating there.
00:41:50.320And also that, you know, the Pope is going to have an opinion on how do you balance a nation's duty to secure its own borders with the Christian duty of charity to all people?
00:48:35.640geopolitics is not my main beat so i think i have a very normal mom perspective of what's going on
00:48:46.920in iran and that is i don't like war i don't like casualties i don't want conflict if it is
00:48:53.500not absolutely necessary. I also know that sometimes it is necessary. There is good versus
00:48:58.880evil in the world and America has a role in that battle. And then at the same time, I don't want
00:49:04.300my kids to have to worry about a terroristic regime in Iran. And so I've seen a lot of anger
00:49:09.620about the deal that's going on and you're kind of right in the center of that. And so tell us what
00:49:15.580you think is maybe the biggest misconception of this deal that you're seeing online and what would
00:49:20.720you want the average mom to know? I think the biggest misconception by far is this idea that
00:49:26.720the deal has all these benefits to Iran. And the underlying way that it's structured is that they
00:49:32.380don't get any of the benefits, not a single thing, unless they perform a change in behavior, right?
00:49:38.880If you step back before the deal, Iran's military is destroyed. Their ability to threaten their0.96
00:49:46.280neighbors has largely been decimated, their nuclear program is gone. Like their ability to0.92
00:49:51.000enrich uranium, their ability to rebuild that nuclear program is gone. And we would see it if
00:49:55.500they tried to rebuild and their economy is in shambles. That is true, regardless of whether
00:50:01.260this deal is signed or not. Okay. So now you get to the deal and you say, given that the Iranians
00:50:08.100are in a tough spot and given that many people within the regime are saying, well, maybe we'd
00:50:14.180like to change our relationship with the United States compared to what it's been for 47 years.
00:50:17.900And you do still have terrorist elements within the regime, but you also have pragmatic elements
00:50:22.480within the regime who are actually affirmatively trying to have a better relationship with the
00:50:26.620United States. What the deal does is, on the one hand, open the Strait of Hormuz and lock in some
00:50:32.920of our wins on the nuclear program. But on the other hand, create this option for the Iranians.0.97
00:50:39.260Option A is you continue to behave like a terrorist regime, in which case you get quite0.96
00:50:43.800Literally nothing. Option B is you behave like a normal regime and the United States would0.60
00:50:49.340actually, for example, let the Qataris or the Emiratis invest in your country if that's what
00:50:55.340they wanted to do. So the biggest misconception is that the investment is going to happen without
00:51:02.220any of the changes in behavior. By the way, it's not our money. So like the idea that the Emiratis
00:51:08.000are going to invest a billion dollars to build a power plant in Iran if the Iranians haven't0.93
00:51:13.040change their behavior, it's just absurd. They're not going to do it. We're not going to allow it.1.00
00:51:18.480But that's what I think that that is the misconception that all these benefits flow
00:51:23.100to Iran, when quite literally nothing flows to Iran, unless they change what they're doing.
00:51:28.260And for those who don't know, opening the Strait of Hormuz is important to us because?
00:51:32.560So opening the Strait of Hormuz is why oil prices went from a high of $126 down to about $75 today.
00:51:41.180And they're also why the price of gas, as we speak, for the first time is under $4 since March, despite going up to an average of about $4.60.0.97
00:51:50.660Because the one leverage point the Iranians tried to play was to close down.0.94
00:51:58.880And so oil couldn't get out of the Gulf.
00:52:01.120That raised the price of oil, which raised the price of a lot of energy.
00:52:04.100And what the United States has been able to do successfully, which is why those prices have started to come down, is get a lot of oil out of the Gulf by protecting the ships that we're moving.
00:52:15.120But long term, we don't want to have a military presence that protects all of these ships that are moving.0.99
00:52:20.480We just want the Iranians to behave like a normal country and stop shooting at those ships.0.98
00:52:24.480By the way, there were critics of the deal who said the Iranians would never allow the straits to be open toll free.0.97
00:52:31.880For the past two days, the Iranians have shot at zero ships.
00:52:35.960Yesterday, we got more oil out of the Strait of Hormuz than we have at any point since
00:52:39.840the beginning of the conflict, and not a single one of those ships paid a toll.
00:52:43.180So already the critics of the deal are being proven wrong in some of what they're saying
00:52:48.120that the Iranians have gotten, but also what the United States has gotten.
00:55:46.220And I said, well, I think the answer is you got to do that, right?
00:55:49.640That's the sort of thing you have to do.
00:55:51.560And he said, okay, that's the right answer.
00:55:53.800He said, what if you got an opportunity to pass a really pro-life piece of legislation
00:55:57.300and it was the end of your political career and one week later it was overturned and a
00:56:02.220more radical piece of legislation in the wrong direction became the law of the land.
00:56:06.260And I was like, well, that would be a bad idea, right?
00:56:08.600and that was sort of his counsel to me was we cannot be immune you know i i i i hear from sort
00:56:15.860of the abortion abolition movement all the time and my response to them is you we can't be immune
00:56:22.020to the realities of modern politics and i worry sometimes that we have lost the persuasion battle
00:56:31.240and that's what really has to change for the pro-life community to win big in the future
00:56:35.260Yeah. A couple things about abolitionism, just to steel man their argument, it's that, look, if people are people, no matter how small, if embryos are made in the image of God, then their rights matter and they should have equal rights to people outside of the womb. That should be manifested in the law.
00:56:52.160I imagine you agree with that in principle, but maybe the how to get there is what you