Ep 434 | The Women Against Trans Activism | Guest: Kathleen Stock [Part 1]
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Summary
In this episode, Dr. Kathleen Stock and I discuss the gender identity movement and its impact on women and children. She is a feminist and a progressive in many senses of the word, and she has been pushing back against this so-called "gender identity" movement. She and I are coming from two different perspectives in our opposition to what we see as the eraser of women and biological categories. She has a Christian conservative worldview and a different perspective, which I think adds a lot to our understanding of the subject to understand it from every different perspective.
Transcript
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Hey guys, welcome to Relatable. Today I am talking to Dr. Kathleen Stock. She is a professor
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from the UK. She is a feminist. She is a progressive in many senses of the word and she has been
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pushing back against this so-called gender identity movement. She's got a very interesting
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perspective on this. Obviously, she and I are coming from two different places in our opposition
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to kind of what we see as the eraser of women and biological categories. I've got the Christian
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conservative worldview and she has a different perspective and a different angle, which I think
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is so valuable and adds a lot to our understanding of the subject to be able to understand it from
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every different perspective. So I'm really, really excited for you to hear this conversation.
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Without further ado, here is Dr. Kathleen Stock.
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Dr. Stock, thank you so much for joining me. Can you tell everyone who you are and what you do?
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My name is Kathleen Stock. I'm a professor of philosophy at a British university called the
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University of Sussex. And I've recently, in the last two years, I've started writing about sex
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and gender, sex in the sense of biology and gender and this thing called gender identity,
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which is a increasingly common, popular concept. So I've got a book coming out called Material Girls,
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Why Reality Matters for Feminism, where I take on this idea of gender identity
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and say that there's both some philosophical problems with it and some practical problems with
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it that mainly impact on women and children. Let's start with the philosophical problems
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with it. I think you and I are probably coming from, from what I can tell, two kind of different
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perspectives. We both see some similar problems with the gender identity movement. I'm a conservative
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Christian, so I kind of have that perspective. You're coming at it from a different angle. So in your
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opinion, what are the philosophical problems with the gender identity movement?
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Okay, yeah. So I'm coming at it from, I'm gay myself. And I think I'm broadly speaking on the left,
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although there's very many different versions of the left, and I'm certainly not on board with all of
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them. So philosophically speaking, so gender identity is, we are told, a kind of psychological fact
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about you that's invisible, that potentially anyway, may not be perceived by anyone else. It's detached
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from the way you dress, what you wear, how you modify your body. It's a feeling in your head. And
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that in itself is problematic when gender identity is the thing that we're being told is supposed to get
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us access into certain spaces or access to certain resources. There's also additional problems around,
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well, there's a huge number of problems, as you can imagine, where gender identity is being
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prioritized over material facts about biological sex. Because as a society, we organize a lot of things
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around biological sex quite reasonably. And the modern trans activist movement says that we should
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deprioritize sex, and we should prioritize this invisible feeling as the criteria, politically and
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socially. So I can go into the many different areas where that causes problems, if you'd like.
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Yeah, we can definitely do that. First, I'm curious to hear, in your opinion,
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how you think we got here. It seems like we kind of accelerated this conversation about women's
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rights and recognizing the equal dignity of women into where we are now, which is basically that we
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can't define a woman without being called a bigot, and we can no longer have sex-protected spaces.
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How did this happen? It seems like just in the last few years, or was I just not paying attention
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before? Well, it may be that you weren't paying attention, but I think a lot of it has gone under
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the radar. So I think the ground was softened up in the 20th century, partly through certain academic
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movements, which I think are really regrettable. So for instance, within feminism, there was a move to
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say that womanhood was some kind of social status, and not a biological fact. So womanhood was not
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adult human femalehood, but something social, some kind of social presentation. And they did that
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because they thought it would help avoid this problem, political problem of what's called biological
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determinism, the idea that what your sex determines where you should be in life, and that women should be
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in the home looking after children, and not be in the universities being educated or whatever. So
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the cunning move, the cunning plan on the part of some 20th century feminists was to say,
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ah, well, biological determinism can't be true, because we're not biological beings. We're actually
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social beings, and womanhood is just a social role. And that was a very regrettable move, because it
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separated out, at least in some circles, womanhood from biology. Then there's another strand within
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philosophy called post-structuralism, which thinks of pretty much everything as socially constructed,
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linguistically constructed. So there's no prior fact about it, except what we say about it collectively.
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And that's very popular in some areas of the humanities. And it's become exceptionally popular in
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areas like gender studies and trans studies. So the academic stuff was softened, the ground was
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softened up there. And yet another strain was, again, from the 20th century, some psychologists
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working with people who are sometimes called intersex, but I would say they have differences of
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sexual development, say, that's a better way of putting it, because they're not actually intersex.
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So psychologists working in the 50s and 60s with children who had DSDs, differences of sexual
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development, hypothesized this thing called a gender identity that they had that was a kind
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of sex psychological role that was maybe at odds with the more ambiguous facts about their
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bodies. And from there, it got extrapolated out to, we all have a gender identity. And moreover,
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a gender, the new twist is that a gender identity is what makes you a woman or a man,
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which is never what people were saying in the 1950s, or even in the 1970s. So that is the new bit.
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There was a doctor in the United States, Dr. John Money, who also kind of developed that theory based on
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sexual experiments that he performed on twin boys. I'm sure that you're familiar with all of this.
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And obviously, that experiment did not end well. It did not prove his hypothesis. And yet,
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even though that hypothesis of gender identity being this thing that, like you described so well,
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is separate from our biology has lasted. Somehow it has endured and it has been latched onto. And now
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it's not just defining our political conversation, but it's affecting very tangibly women's protection
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and girls' sports and women's rights. So why do you think it is that even though it's really kind of
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been this whole idea of gender identity being this intangible thing that people can just identify as
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and think of, how do you think that it has endured for so long, even though we kind of debunked it a long
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time ago? Well, it fits with a very powerful narrative, which we hear a lot in other circumstances,
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which is like, you must realize who you really are, you must become the person you were born to be.
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And that kind of, I would say, liberal kind of narrative fits very individualistic, very concerned
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with freedom, freedom to be yourself and that, you know, whatever that means. That kind of rhetoric,
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which we hear a lot and particularly from the States, if you don't mind me saying, fits very well
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with expansive claims about gender identity. So, I mean, when I was researching this book,
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I bought a lot of books for kids or teens, which had names like gender identity, discover who you
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really are or find yourself. And of course it fits very well with capitalism because if there are more
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than two gender identities, of course, once you've moved away from sex, you can have more than two,
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you can have non-binary identities, you can have complicated sexual identities, then you can market
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all those identities so you can make money out of them. So, I think that's also part of the story
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here, which we shouldn't neglect. Certainly people are able to capitalize on what is now an industry,
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especially for impressionable young people. When I think about kind of getting rid of these
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biological categories, which we have recognized, I believe, for all of human history. I also, I mean,
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I do think about the communist revolutions of the 20th century and what we read about in some of the
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dystopian novels like Brave New World in 1984. It's not exactly that, but it does kind of speak to this
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idea of kind of getting rid of any distinguishing factor about a person, making sure that everyone
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just becomes this comrade and that we no longer have kind of inherent value according to our bodies
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or according to who we are, according to our families, according to our value systems. We all just
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become this amorphous blob that is controlled by the state. Now, that's coming from my conservative
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perspective. And so, I do see the problem with this becoming an industry that capitalism loves.
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And certainly, we see the big corporations like Amazon latching on to it. But I also see this as
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reminiscent of things that we saw in the 20th century with, you know, communist and socialist and
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even fascist totalitarian movements to take away what makes any individual special and just kind
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of see them as agents of the state. Do you agree with that at all? Well, I mean, from what I've read
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of the Chinese revolution and the Russian revolution, they certainly knew who the women were because they
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had to keep having the babies and they didn't have as much power as the men. So, some things never
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change as far as I'm concerned. Whether it's good or bad, there is a sex reality to our lives. And
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we're a sexually dimorphic species. We reproduce by sexual reproduction, not asexually. We can't
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technologically change those facts, although I think some people might be trying. But in the meantime,
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there is a sex reality that has social effects. And what I think is true about the comparison you've made
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is that in both cases, there's an attempt to control language, a very strong attempt to
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control language. So, you know, modern transactivism cannot change the fact that there are males and
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females. And there, I think, very likely always, well, there will, there will always be males and
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females. They can't change that, but they can stop us talking about it. They can take any reference to
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womanhood, for instance, out of the languages we're seeing in Britain. There's a move in
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public policy to stop talking about women and to start talking about pregnant people or menstruators
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or cervix havers. Of course, all those terms are incredibly biological as well. So, it's not,
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but none of this is logical. Well, that makes sense. Right. That's one of the many contradictions
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that I was hoping to talk to you about is that if I push back and say, for example, that, you know,
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only a woman can give birth. What I hear from a trans activist is that, oh, well, you are reducing
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women down to her, their capacity to give birth. What about women who can't give birth? Are you
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saying that she's not a woman? Well, of course, that's not what I'm saying. I'm not saying that
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only people who give birth are women. I'm saying that only people who are the only women, you know
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what I'm saying? I'm only saying that only women can give birth. But then they use terms like you just
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said, like cervix haver or gestator, which is actually a lot more bioessential is what they
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would say than me saying that only women can give birth. So, it's a little confusing to me.
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Well, it's bad philosophy for a start. The whole premise on which it's based, the idea that in saying
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only women can give birth, you're somehow reducing women to their biology or to their birthing function
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is absolutely crazy. That is not how definitions work. I mean, you can also say, and I make this
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point in the book, only bankers, or at least if you are a banker, you work in a bank, you know,
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only bankers work in banks. But you're not saying that the most important thing about a banker is
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that they work in a bank. You're not saying anything about what's important. You're basically classifying
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some group of people for some explanatory purposes. And being a woman enters into all these different
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causal relationships in the world, same as being a man does. And we need names to track those.
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And then yes, of course, then replacing that language with things like menstruator and cervix
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haver. Firstly, it's demeaning and dehumanizing. And secondly, it's very confusing to people who are
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not university educated, who don't necessarily know the name for a cervix. So, it's incredibly middle
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class. This whole movement is basically educated people playing around with language to make
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themselves feel good, whilst not thinking about the consequences of what they're doing for people
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who are less privileged than they are, I think. Right. And I would say that's true of things like
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critical race theory and critical theory as well. These are all kind of academic theories that come
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from a few people at the top. And then they try to apply what are just academic theories into politics
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and into the real world. And I guess time tells whether or not the beach ball that is human nature
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can sufficiently be pushed down forever or whether, like any beach ball, it's going to pop back up.
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I think when it comes to gender, progressives or the people who are pushing this have just pushed too
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far. I just don't think because of the reality that you articulated, there will always be male and
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female. And biology is just not going to change in that way. There's going to be a pushback to this.
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Whether or not you're on the right and the left, it's just an irrefutable truth in reality that people
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aren't going to be able to escape. Do you have optimism in that direction that eventually this whole
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kind of movement is going to fall apart because it's just not in alignment with what's real?
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I don't know. I mean, it depends on the day, to be honest. And I think certain areas are more
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open to movement than others. So for instance, what's happening to children and to teens, I think
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cannot stand. We just need more information and more light being shed on actually what's happening,
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which is children who are exploring their own identity. It's fair enough. We all have
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aspects of identity. They're exploring their identity. Sometimes, you know, they will turn
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out to be lesbians or gay children. That is being interpreted by the wider culture around them as
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them being in the wrong body or them really, you know, a girl who is attracted to other girls
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is interpreting herself as a boy who's attracted to girls, for instance. And then therapists around
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them have all signed up to something which says that they can't argue with that. They have to
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affirm this thing called their inner gender identity, which is described as if it's innate and it's just
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sort of bursting out of them as if that could possibly be true. So, you know, when all that comes to light
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and the medical consequences of that for children and that properly gets looked at responsibly,
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then I think hopefully there'll be some push on that. But what I feel more depressed about is the
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effect on women and the encroachments on and on adult lesbians, the encroachments on their rights,
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their spaces, their resources, things that feminism over, you know, decades has fought hard for.
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Grassroots feminism, not academic feminism. Grassroots feminism has fought hard for shelters,
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domestic violence refuges, rape crisis centres, changing rooms, bathrooms, you know, you name it.
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We've had to fight for it or others before me have fought for it. And it's being dismantled
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now by this prioritisation of gender identity. So that's just not right. But on the other hand,
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I have a few questions within that. My first question to back up just a little bit is about
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children. Now, one thing that I've seen that is troubling to me that I don't think is quite
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mainstream, it was a viral tweet. And then it was also associated with the self-proclaimed communist
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who hears who lives here in the United States, who wrote a book called Full Surrogacy. Now she is an
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anti family. Yes, you might know exactly who I'm talking about. Of course, she believes in quote,
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taking away the innocence of children. She believes that we all belong to each other, which again,
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is very brave new world esque and that that will usher in this time of total egalitarian communism and
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beauty and all of that great stuff. And there was another tweet, not by her, but someone who kind of
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promotes her saying that children should be given puberty blockers without parental consent and paid
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for by the state. So something that worries me, I trust parents to say, yes, look, I love my child. I
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believe in the best interest of my child. I want to do what's best for my child. And being a 10 year old that
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goes on puberty blockers is not best for my child. But if that kind of authority is removed, or is
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questioned by the state or is replaced by the state, then I really do worry about protections for kids
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who can't even, you know, make their own peanut butter and jelly sandwich yet. That is and I want to talk
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about, you know, women's rights and feminism, too. But that really worries me about the disintegration of
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parental rights and parental influence over a child's life in place of these activists and the
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state who, quite frankly, do not have the best interest of children at heart. Is that something
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is that something that concerns you as well? Well, I can. I'm very concerned about the unregulated
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market for puberty blockers. I'm very concerned with surgeons advertising mastectomies, double
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mastectomies to teenagers on TikTok. I'm very concerned about all of that. But I don't think I'm
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as relaxed as you about parents. And this isn't because I blame parents or, you know, have some kind
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of animus to what I am a parent. I know that there are parents who are uncomfortable with gender
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nonconformity, or I would say sex nonconformity in their children. I know that there are parents who
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are uncomfortable with the emerging homosexuality of their children, for whom, and these might be more
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conservative parents, for whom it is preferable on some level that they maybe haven't properly thought
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through. But it's preferable to have a daughter than a gay son or, and, you know, that seems to
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be happening now. They're not getting there on their own, because there are educators, there are
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academics, there's a whole infrastructure of LGBT lobbying groups, perversely, because you'd think
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LGBT lobbying groups would be protecting gay children. But there's a whole mechanism now in place to
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explain to parents that they might have a child in the wrong body or whatever. That's not, you know,
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that doesn't involve any kind of wild radical communism that's happening now in relatively
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mainstream places. Yeah. So I'm saying, I'm not saying you're wrong to worry about unregulated,
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you know, children acting off their own bat. And it's true that in Britain, you can get puberty
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blockers from Spain, you can bypass NHS regulation right now. But I'm also worried about the state
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doing it. And I'm worried about parents doing it, because we've developed this cultural narrative
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that this doesn't seem to be much pushback against. Yeah, and I and I agree with you on that. And I
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think that actually transitions well into what I wanted to ask you about next, you're talking about
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how this movement kind of threatens the rights and the protections of women and in particular,
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lesbians. And of course, that's yet another contradiction that we see in all of this.
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I've seen trans activists say that, you know, preferring someone's body or having a particular
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sexual orientation, not being attracted to gender identity, but actually someone's sex,
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homosexual, heterosexual, whatever, is transphobic. And so to me, this kind of leads to the eraser of
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the LGB part of the LGBT. And I'm wondering if you think that as well as someone who is gay and who
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has worked in this realm for a while. Mm hmm. Well, yes, I mean, this is not a wild fringe aspect of the
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LGBT movement. This is on the GLAAD website. This is on the Stonewall website, which is the UK equivalent
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of GLAAD or HRC. They say they have redefined sexual orientation to be an attraction to gender
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identity, as if you can be attracted to an invisible thing that you can't even see for a start. But so
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now a lesbian is defined by these LGBT organizations. Like, I'm not kidding. It's hard to believe. But
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if you go, I could show you the pages, they define a lesbian as a person with a female gender identity
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attracted to other people with female gender identities. Now, that means that a male who I
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would say was heterosexual, who had no interest in in his sex, yeah, could on the basis of having a female
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gender identity describe themselves and being attracted to women like females, heterosexuality,
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describe themselves as a lesbian. And they are some of them. No, not everyone. I don't, you know,
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I want to make clear all the way through that I'm not talking about all trans people, because actually
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a lot of trans people are very worried about this, too. It's about powerful trans activist
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organizations appropriating this discourse and coming up with these ideas and this language,
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these language changes. So trans activists are trying to redefine what lesbianism is and what
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homosexuality is and what heterosexuality is, too. But that's obviously impacting less on heterosexuals
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Yeah. Do you see a lot of gay people speaking up about this? Because it seems like there's also a
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split in the LGB community, as well as in the feminist community. There are obviously feminists
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who say, yes, we have to be on board with trans rights and it doesn't threaten women. And then,
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of course, there are feminists who say the opposite. And the same thing within, you know,
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within the gay community saying, oh, no, we have to include the tea. This is so important for us.
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And then there are people like you who say, well, hang on just a second. Let's think about the
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consequences and the implications and the redefining of these things. Why isn't that more people see
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this the way that you do? Partly is because they don't really know yet. I mean, there is a big
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problem with getting this message out, especially in the through the newspapers and media organizations that most
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you know, left leaning progressives would read. So this is I'm sure this is if anyone's watching
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this, it's news to them. But also because there is kind of a loose solidarity between
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lesbians and gays and trans people. And there always has been in the sense that quite a lot of
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trans women started off as gay men. And also every all of us in some sense is kind of nonconforming
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about gender. We don't necessarily feel like we fit in the standard issue, heterosexual,
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feminine, or masculine molds. But and that's, you know, solidarity is great. But unfortunately,
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the modern LGBT movement has kind of just smushed everyone together. And so there's just one kind
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of thing here. And obviously, there isn't one kind of thing here. There's a lot of heterosexuality now in
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the LGBT movement, where there wasn't before, right? For instance, as and then there's all the
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extra thing, the add ons that are now being added, like nothing to do with sexuality to do with like,
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a being a romantic, something to do with sexuality, but not the same as a sexual orientation and being
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a romantic or whatever the next new thing is. So yeah, I don't know. Did that answer your question?
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Yeah. What do you think the tangible consequences of that is? I'm sure that reading a definition
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like that on the GLAAD website, which is something that you probably don't relate to this idea of
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having a gender identity that's attracted to another gender identity. I'm sure that's not how you identify
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or feel as a lesbian. When I hear words like gestator or pregnant person or chest feeding as someone who
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is pregnant with my second child, I'm offended by that. And I worry about that too. I worry about
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the eraser and the redefining, but sometimes I can't always put my finger on what the tangible
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consequences of that kind of redefining and eraser will be for these different categories. What do you
00:27:09.360
think? Well, they're very tangible for lesbians and they have been for a while. So if you go onto a
00:27:15.280
lesbian dating site, you will see males. And I don't mean males you can't tell are females. I mean,
00:27:23.120
males you can absolutely blindingly obviously see are males that have put a bit of lipstick on,
00:27:27.500
if that. And so there's, in other words, there are now people in the dating pool calling themselves
00:27:33.800
lesbians and potentially saying you are transphobic if you will not consider me.
00:27:39.260
And now that people have to think this through. Lesbians are same sex attracted. They are not
00:27:45.520
attracted to males. There are now males calling themselves lesbians, trying to pressure them
00:27:51.860
into having sex with them. Now, again, I'm not saying this is every case, but it is a documented
00:27:57.740
phenomenon. So that's, so where that particularly bites, I think is for younger lesbians who are getting
00:28:04.320
to grips with their own sexuality. They're possibly in queer communities where they find solidarity and
00:28:10.040
friendship. You know, there's all sorts of dynamics that can go on there that can be
00:28:14.960
unhealthy, I think. So that's, that's one clear area where this narrative that someone with a beard
00:28:25.140
can be like a male with a beard can be a lesbian really is just not helping. And the other area I
00:28:30.420
think is, as I've, one I've already mentioned, which is children and their emerging understanding
00:28:35.680
of the world, which must be incredibly confused. I mean, I think we've, we're doing a kind of social
00:28:42.860
experiment here in how we tell children what the categories are, because it used to be, we could
00:28:48.600
point to certain kinds of bodies and say, most of the time that's a woman and most of the time that's
00:28:53.420
a man. And now we're just messing it all up in the name of progression. So I really would like to
00:28:58.260
know what that's doing. And of course, there's, there's evidence that within trans identified
00:29:03.420
children, um, there's, there's, um, they're statistically more likely to be, for instance,
00:29:09.300
autistic. And there's also evidence that autistic people have harder time categorizing. So there's all
00:29:15.660
sorts of extra issues there, especially if you're gay and autistic. So I, we really need to shine a light
00:29:22.420
on all of this and look at, um, it properly. And another contradiction, we've, we've talked about
00:29:38.160
these, um, throughout this episode, but, um, it's the reaffirmation that some of trans activism, um,
00:29:47.920
does of these gender stereotypes. And you kind of already touched on this, this idea of a little
00:29:54.860
boy plays with dolls, or maybe he wants to dance or do something that's out of the typical, you know,
00:30:00.440
social norm of what it means to be male, rather than just saying, okay, that's a little boy who
00:30:05.540
likes to play with dolls and that's fine. Or that's a little boy who likes pink and doesn't like to get
00:30:09.980
dirty. That's fine. That's the kind of little boy he is now parents and children, even probably,
00:30:15.660
you know, in some curriculum, um, are being taught. Well, no, that actually means that you're a girl.
00:30:21.980
So it's reaffirming these very, very strict boundaries of what it means to be a boy and a
00:30:27.080
girl in a time when it seems like self-love and self-acceptance is all the rage. We're actually
00:30:33.520
continually telling people, if you go outside of these lines at all, you're in the wrong body.
00:30:39.240
That seems so detrimental to me. It's astonishing. And I mean, again,
00:30:45.020
this is not a fringe phenomenon. This is like in the definition of gender dysphoria in the DSM,
00:30:51.480
which is the American kind of manual for, um, psychiatric diagnosis. And, you know, they talk
00:30:58.540
about what are the symptoms of, um, a gender identity disorder. One of them might be playing
00:31:04.780
with, you know, the other, other sex's toys or an attraction to certain kinds of clothing.
00:31:12.200
When you're a kid, it's fine to do all this. It's fine. Anyway, let me just say, it's absolutely
00:31:17.700
fine for men to wear dresses and makeup and self-adorn. And it's fine for women not to,
00:31:23.940
but, um, you know, when it comes to children, I just cannot believe that the psychological and
00:31:31.300
psychiatric profession have, I don't know what has happened to them. I really don't know what
00:31:36.400
has happened to them because these are not stupid people and they're not, you would think,
00:31:40.980
particularly conservative. But when it comes to this issue, I've got books which say, you know,
00:31:45.740
a child's gender identity emerges around the age of three. And, and I've, I've seen videos of,
00:31:51.540
um, gender identity therapists talking about looking for evidence in children. And like,
00:31:57.280
maybe the boy picks up a hair clip or, you know, the girl moves towards the action man and these
00:32:02.040
are signs of something inside them. It's just, it's just incredible.