#263: The Philosophy and Practice of Building a Fire the Scandinavian Way
Episode Stats
Summary
Well, there s nothing like the warmth and comfort of a glowing fire. Especially this time of year, what is it about making and warming ourselves with a wood-burning flame that s so satisfying? And how can we better master the art of fire making? Well, my guest today has published a book that s become a cult classic in Scandinavia, and it s all about wood and fire. His name is Lars Mitting, and his book is Norwegian wood chopping, stacking, and drying wood: The Scandinavian Way. And today, on the show, Lars and I discuss the pleasures of preparing wood for fire, and why firewood is an important part of a man s identity in Scandinavian countries. And then we get to the practicalities of making just a warm fire: how to fell trees for fires, how to season your wood for optimal fire building, and the best time to split wood.
Transcript
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brett mckay here and welcome to another edition of the art of manliness podcast well there's
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nothing like the warmth and comfort of a glowing fire especially this time of year
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what is it about making and warming ourselves with a wood-burning flame that's so satisfying
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and how can we better master the art of fire making well my guest today has published a book
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that's become a cult classic in scandinavia and it's all about wood and fire his name is lars
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mitting and his book is norwegian wood chopping stacking and drying wood the scandinavian way
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and today on the show lars and i discuss the pleasures of preparing wood for fire and why
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firewood is an important part of a man's identity in scandinavian countries and then we get to the
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practicalities of making just a warm fire we talk about the best kind of wood for fires how to fell
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trees for firewood how to season your wood for optimal fire building and the best time to split
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wood and then we talk about how to build a fire the scandinavian way that will just burn clean
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and hot for you this show is both philosophical and practical and it will leave you wanting to build
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the best fireplace fire of your life when you're done listening after the show's over check out the
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show notes at aom.is slash wood where you can find links to resources where you can delve deeper
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in this topic as well as learn how to build a scandinavian fire
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so you're the author of a book that i really enjoyed reading it's a norwegian wood uh it's all about
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firewood and the importance of firewood in scandinavian culture and i remember hearing on an interview did
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somewhere else that this was a book that almost didn't get published but it's become this big
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bestseller in scandinavia why do you think a book about firewood uh something so simple has resonated
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with so many people well i think the key to it is that it essentially is very simple and when something is
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uh simple uh it generally has a huge appeal but it but it's hard to to observe what is really simple
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it's often the the things that strike you as something well very simple or down to earth is
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often the things that go unnoticed so uh if you look into this in essence fire is mankind's oldest energy
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and something that has been a great part of all cultures around the world so uh that is one part
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of the answer really that it uh deep inside it affects us all and i mean i guess it's particularly
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important for individuals living in scandinavia because it's bitterly cold there we were just
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talking on air that it's some negative 37 degrees celsius where you're at um yeah and so like firewood
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is i mean that's how you all keep yourselves warm well that's a question like why is scandinavia still
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reliant on firewood despite advances in heating sources like electricity or natural gas we all rely
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heavily on electricity and i think it's fair to say that the uh most of the houses uh use a electric
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oven for uh for uh a lot of the heating but in the cold periods nothing beats the uh firewood stove because
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it it really is not only the uh say the sense of of hot air that's to it it's so much more that goes into
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the experience of heating with wood that it stimulates a lot of other senses as well
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and just to mention a few it's the it's a simple fact that you can survive and heat your house with
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something organic that you have collected yourself and where that carries the marks of your own labor and
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it's a deeply deeply well a deep sense of well-being connected to that i'd say so that's one of the
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explanations another one is also that it's a renewable green energy it has its sights on pollution which we
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will come to i guess but uh it's probably the simplest form of energy there is and uh also a
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great renewable source right trees can grow again well i thought this was interesting you talked in
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the book about the um how much pollution would burning because i remember hearing growing up well
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the reason why people don't really burn uh fires in fireplace anymore because it gave off too much
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pollution there's too much soot um so we have these cleaner sources of energy but you argue that
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no wood burning is actually not as it's it's pretty clean yes and and it can it can be surprisingly clean
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and it can also be surprisingly dirty it all depends on the stove you have and also the methods that that
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you use and uh one of the great things i think as a norwegian uh is that we we have had a lot of scientific research
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on how to make stoves that burn as cleanly as possible so i think we are in a good position to um
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um to develop such a technology because we have we are we have um sorry we have a population that that
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spends a lot of money in into their houses nearly all norwegians own their own houses uh and we are
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quite interested in uh everything high tech and at the same time we live in a cold country and we have a
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lot of a lot of forests so that are the key elements to it but the um the book describes a lot of methods to
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to burn firewood so that there is no smoke visible at all from the chimney and that is really the uh
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the target here to burn so cleanly that you cannot see any smoke or any um awful smell
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from it and uh and that is completely possible and we'll get to those methods uh in a bit here
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because it's it's very interesting uh even if you for us in america if you don't have a stove
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some of the tips here uh can help you build a great fireplace fire um but you also talk about the
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philosophy of firewood scandinavians get very self philosophical about their firewood um for example
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there's a bit where you talk about um how scandinavian women sort of a traditional uh ideas for
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scandinavian women to judge a man on the quality of a husband he'll be by looking at his wood pile yeah
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that is also actually a a thing that i've that i've seen in in the state of maine nearly all nearly
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exactly the same observations uh but yes there is a lot of lore connected and folklore
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connected to this and a lot of it is obviously of uh on on how your wood pile looks like and and it's
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quite easy to uh to discern the lazy and the ambitious man just by looking at a wood pile
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uh you will often see say the more um the type who likes to show off will like to build a very tall
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pile which is clearly visible from the road uh but all too often he may become well the pile will simply
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fall down because he's become foolhardy and built too tall and on the other hand you have the the piles that
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tells the tale of someone who is either lazy or just cannot uh well follow up on his own ambitions
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so you see piles with the moldy wood in which has been on the ground too long and uh quite imperfect
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uh stacks there so so that type is easy to uh to recognize but you also have the completely obsessed
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pipe which is uh someone i would uh warn strongly against as a husband which has this very pedantic piles
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with uh looks almost like you've used uh well strict mathematics to um to get the the pile as perfect as
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possible that that's probably a sign of someone with a little too little connection to the real world
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right right and you also highlight this um this phenomenon in in scandinavian countries of uh for men
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to go through what they call a wood age yeah that's right that's a quite uh quite common description
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here actually uh usually about elder people men around 70 years when they when they come into the wood age
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the um and but but in my book i describe the first wood age and the second one and um to the first wood age
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actually starts in around 35 to 40 years which is when generally most of us have a family and children so i i think it
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just that having children sort of stimulates the um the urge to uh to go on and bring heat to your family
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which is when you look at it a very very central element of the of the firewood culture here
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and that has to do with you know the the man's position in the family and you may fail at a lot of
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things in life but the pleasure you have in seeing your family and children getting warm on something
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you've done yourself that that is deeply satisfying but the when speaking of the of the coming of the
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second wood age when you become an old man it's more connected to the feeling that you don't have any
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proper visible work to do anymore and a lot of older men wants to have well to be of use for their family but
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there are a few areas where they really can do something that is to use for the others every day
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but but firewood is such a thing and a lot of older men who chops wood not just for themselves but also
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for um well the greater part of the family wait and i thought it was very touching how you began
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the book you talk about an elderly neighbor of yours that sort of kick-started this whole exploration of
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firewood who he was in really bad shape um had health problems but when springtime came and it was time
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to split and stack wood he got out there and he started doing it uh even though it was very hard
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laborious work but he he felt like he had to do it to provide wood for his wife yeah and the um and
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there are there are other mechanisms to him to do that story as well he he's my well he used to be my
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neighbor here and and one of the things was that i think he sort of told his body that we will endure
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another year he was quite sick and the easy thing for him would just be to lay down and
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well let the disease take him but but he didn't he went out and he through that work which essentially
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was a preparation for winter i think he simply told his body that we're gonna go on we're gonna
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gonna make it one more winter and the um at the end of the book uh he essentially lays his building
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his last wood pile and he understands also that this wood pile will survive me but my the memory of my
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labor will still be in it so the last scene of the book is uh of his widow when she hits throughout the
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winter on uh on the wood that he made yeah that was a really really touching uh story uh made me tear
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up when i was reading it yeah yeah you know it touches so so many so so many of this iron age uh
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reflexes in us this just being connected to fire which is the age age old element it i think it stirs a
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lot of strings in us and one of them you know i have uh i have two daughters they're 14 years old and
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i uh there's a sort of sorrow to my life as a man that i am well you know with teenage girl as a man i
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i feel i feel i become less relevant in a lot of their daily business uh but i know that a few things
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that i managed to hand down is something that they will do when they grow up and teach their own children
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for example building a campfire outdoors and um i believe there can can be well no more
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more basic thing and nothing more connected to you know survival and life itself than handing down the
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knowledge on how to build a fire so one of my wishes is that they will hand it down to them their
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children and say that well my dad my dad told me this i love that um so let's get into the uh the
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specifics of fire building because there's a lot of practical knowledge uh that you put in the book
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so let's start with in that the whole goal is to get that very clean burning fire that has little or
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no smoke so let's start with the wood itself are certain trees better for firewood than others or do
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certain trees provide more smoke and soot the book goes into great lengths in uh looking at the properties
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of various woods but the odd thing is that nearly any tree in the world will in the world will burn
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and nearly anything any tree will give a satisfying fire but the big difference is sorry sorry the big
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difference is uh the density of the wood and in most cultures especially in cold countries and like in say
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northern parts of the u.s and uh and canada and also in norway all the hardwoods has been favored
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because it's uh the philosophy of the uh well of the really cold old past with drafty houses and
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very strong winters and for that purpose nothing can beat
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uh very dense wood like uh hickory like uh oak and beech um but the uh in in a modern situation
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very often these uh these very dense hardwoods simply burn too hot to be used in a well insulated house
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so one of the things that i like with the um with that part of the book is that it describes how you
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can use what many would consider inferior uh wood like aspen or spruce which is quite dense and which has
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among many been regarded as quite quite poor firewood but it is in fact perfect to use
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lighter woods for the the periods of the year when it's not so cold like late autumn or early early
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spring and also most fires will benefit from being burnt with the two different types of wood in the
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stove at the same time because they have different combustion characteristics so you may burn one log of
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oak together with two logs of aspen and as a result have a very clean and intense fire without the
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house getting too hot and so uh let's talk about uh you know the the whole process you talk about
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because like in in in scandinavian countries people buy wood pellets some people buy their own firewood
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but a lot of people just cut their own trees down or fell a tree i've i've in vermont i've had some
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family there and i've had the opportunity to fell trees for for wood maple trees really fun to do
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yeah what i thought was really interesting was you talk about the best time to fell a tree we
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fell these trees in summer time you argue that's not the best time to fellow when is the best time to
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fell trees for firewood well we are quite strict on that here in norway that we
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we we if it's possible we like to do it in in late winter or very early spring
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simply because the for leaf the trees are naked at the time and the snowy ground is perfect and clean
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to work on and also frozen ground makes it easier both to hold the wood on the ground and and also to
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to split it because all surfaces are very hard and clean but but the key factor to this is that the um
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the drying time of the wood is well for most of the inner part of the northern hemisphere the driest months
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are in in spring so if you are ready with the wood in when the snow is melting you have the whole period
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of spring summer and autumn uh for it to dry so the the custom here is in norway is to cut down the wood
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and give it one season to to dry and then use it the next winter in in many cultures this is considered
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way too short and uh a lot of cultures especially those in favor oak uh say that it will need at least
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two but uh three and four years of seasoning will will be good but the but you will often be quite
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amazed really on how quickly firewood will will dry if it's if you give it proper drying conditions
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so i think yeah i think the the key to meant to to a lot of these tales of firewood needing two or
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three years to to dry is simply that they've um they come from a worst case scenario where uh people
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haven't been haven't given firewood uh so the um the proper conditions to dry yeah and that was a
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uh really interesting point you brought home too is that uh if even if like the wood isn't dry in two
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or three years it's probably not going to get dry like it has to dry pretty quickly in order for the
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wood to actually be dry yeah that that makes for the best quality and uh it shouldn't be confused with
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the drying process for building materials uh building materials where the aim is to dry quite slowly so
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that it doesn't crack i think firewood becomes is is the best when it has been drying as quickly as
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possible and and the key element to that is to um is to place it at a place with um very very good
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ventilation ideally if you can give it both sun and wind you will have very good conditions for it but if
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you have to choose between them always choose wind because it uh it wind and good ventilation will
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dry the surface uh of the wood and um and speed up the process greatly and do people uh as soon as
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they typically in scandinavia nor norway do they do they split the logs as soon as they fell the tree
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or do they yeah that's quite a difference also between many other countries if you go
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further south in europe like in the like in in france uh netherlands you will often see that they
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just cut the logs and then wait with the splitting until the fire is to be used but the tradition here
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is very clear to split it as quickly as possible simply because it dries much better then and it's ready
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for use so the um and the other part of that is that if you can split the wood while it's really cold
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it splits much easier if you many people experience that it's uh dead hard work to to split the
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wood with an axe and and the book goes in great lengths of describing well techniques to make it easier
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but but but but the one thing to observe is that if if you cut down a tree and you leave it in
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for one or two months in spring or summer it will become much much harder to split simply because the
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the fibers inside they they create a sort of a velcro effect that adheres the fibers much stronger to
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each other so if you cut it and split it when it's fresh and if you can while it's really cold it will
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split with just one third of the effort that you need with uh if you wait until summer that's great
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advice i've always split wood like in the summer and it is dead hard work yeah if it's if it's fresh
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then you have a chance but if it's been drying just one or two months it's a whole different uh
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wholly different game yeah and we'll talk a little bit more about splitting wood here in a bit but
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so let's say uh someone who's listening they're not going to um chop down their own trees or split
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their own wood but they're going to go buy firewood the only thing i've always had trouble with when
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buying firewood is like the wood says it's seasoned yeah but then you put it in the fireplace and it's
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just like it's just smoke it's all yeah so how can you tell when you're buying firewood that firewood
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is actually is actually dry and seasoned the best method it's it's a bit scientific and boring really but
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that is to take one of the logs from if you buy it in a pile take one of the logs in the middle
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and bring a axe and split it in two and then use a humidity meter one of the digital types
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they don't they don't cost more than about 10 to 20 dollars i think but that will give you a very
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clear idea of it but but you need to split the wood first because the moisture can be trapped in
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inside the log so so that's that's one trick and it gives you a very good figure of how it is but you
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will also uh with some experience you can beat two logs um uh together and if it's if it's not not dry
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the sound will be more muffled and undead while two completely dry logs will give a very thin hard tone
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which is quite easy to discern uh but but the fun trick which i really enjoy is to use dishwasher liquid
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and this doesn't work on all types of wood but it works brilliantly on leaf trees like birch
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and the trick is to uh to put some dishwash this dishwasher washer liquid too many s's here for a
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norwegian but on one end and and blow through the other and and this may sound like it's a complete
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fairy tale but it's actually possible to blow through the whole log and so that bubbles appear in the
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other end but that doesn't happen if the wood is fresh if it's completely dry then it will work
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because the all the cells through the wood has been opened up so that's one of the
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uh well great party tricks that i like to uh advise anyone interested in this try the dishwasher
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trick i'm gonna try the next time i buy firewood and the guy tells me it's been oh it's been seasoned
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for two years and i'm like yeah and the other tip too you you advise in the book is like don't buy dirty
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wood like covered in mud or dirt no we started uh we touched that subject um a while ago but the
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but the the the thing is that if wood has been left on the ground and um and started to uh to
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well well not been giving given proper uh drying conditions it it may start to form a type of mold and
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bacteria inside and when it's dirty it's a it's a quite clear sign that it's been lying on the ground
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for some time and for some types of wood especially birch you may experience a very strange phenomenon
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that um that it never dries at all and what has happened then is that the wood has started to
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uh well mold back when bacteria has started to grow and eat the tree from the inside and that process
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actually produces moisture so it will never be dry no matter how long time you you give it and the um
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the native norwegians the the sami people they actually have a word for that
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uh um phenomenon and it's called the shashalo which means dry wood that will never be dry
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all right so and to them to to the native people of the north they know if there are some experts here
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they are the real one they know how to uh well make a campfire in the strongest of winds and the most
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fiercest conditions so i've picked up one or two tricks from them yes um so let's talk about splitting
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wood we talked it's dead hard work you should probably do it in the winter time early spring
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where it's easier to split yeah but even though it's dead hard work like people really enjoy splitting wood
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uh yeah no matter i mean it's just i mean what do you think it is about the the task that
00:29:18.220
that makes it so enjoyable even though it's physically laborious yeah it's i think because
00:29:23.980
it's if there is one really magic moment in this work it's the part when the axe hits the wood and
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it's being split which takes about one tenth of a second but that is the the moment where it goes from
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having been a part of the tree to becoming a log of firewood if you understand what i mean the in
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that split second it's uh it's a twofold joke there the split second but the but in that moment it goes
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from just being a well round trunk and it becomes firewood so and somehow it's um it's like working on
00:30:11.740
an assembly line but it's different all the time so and so it's um you know it's monotonous work but
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it never gets boring somehow so and and you feel the effect of of your work and you see the result of
00:30:28.780
it uh it grows minute by minute and the um i think well that's a great satisfaction that's also a
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quite a contrast to to many other things of a of a modern life because in so many aspects of of a
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working life you can always improve on things i mean if you work in a in a office or if you work with
00:30:57.180
something creative you you can always do things better and you can respond to emails late at night
00:31:04.620
and you can always you know go on with the struggle to make things better and better but with this
00:31:10.460
simple process it's it's done it cannot be improved you split it and then it's perfect even if it's not
00:31:16.940
perfect it gives this enormous sense of peace of mind that you you cannot improve it it's done it's
00:31:25.820
perfect and when you do this work all the frustrations from the day go into the firewood and you know that
00:31:34.460
they will go later into the stove and the wonderful thing is to burn those logs who's been really
00:31:41.660
troublesome and simply wouldn't split they too must give in when you throw them in the stove do you
00:31:49.660
really remember those troublesome logs oh yeah i recognize them yes yes i when i work my way say in
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reverse i i sort of go fold back month for month the the labor i had the previous winter and and i
00:32:06.220
recognize those those logs that just wouldn't split and the the strange ones or perhaps the one from a
00:32:15.340
quite rare sort of tree these days i'm actually burning a um a tree that i had to cut down from
00:32:25.500
a neighbor of mine an elderly woman who had a big apple tree and it's uh it's it's fun really because it
00:32:34.140
reminds us of the situation when we did that work and it's uh very very good firewood so it's almost
00:32:43.660
like when you look at the wood part it's almost like you're looking at some geological geologic
00:32:50.300
layers of your own uh of your own labor yeah yeah well too romantically into it but it reminds you of the
00:33:00.220
work you put down yeah i can totally see that i can totally get that yeah um so let's talk we
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talked about stacking wood um ideally you want it you want wind and sun but if you're going to choose
00:33:12.060
one choose wind yeah um so let's talk about building a fire we've cut our tree we've split the wood we've
00:33:20.300
dried it what's the ideal way to build a fire that will get that will just burn hot and clean and won't
00:33:27.820
fill your house up with smoke the the essence to it is to make sure that you have as dry firewood as
00:33:35.340
absolutely possible and many people say that firewood shouldn't be too dry and that it has a
00:33:43.180
optimum humidity um that it should have some humidity but i've i've never found any proof uh that that
00:33:54.220
is of any benefit so so my advice through a lot of research is to have it as dry as complete as
00:34:01.340
possible and the interesting key element to building a fire is to know that exactly what is burning and
00:34:13.740
it may surprise some to know that smoke is not some exhaust like you have from a from a car
00:34:21.100
uh the smoke itself is the uh is the energy that we want to burn uh so when you see smoke you actually
00:34:32.540
see come uh some gases that that you want to burn and when if if smoke comes from a house it's about
00:34:41.020
it's wasted energy is it's about the same as petrol leaking from from a car
00:34:46.140
uh so the key thing to observe is to um is to to know how the um how the the firewood behaves and the
00:34:57.900
first uh step when burning wood is the um is the gas stage where the uh where the heat uh brings out
00:35:06.460
all the gases from from the log and when you see a flame what you see is actually smoke burning
00:35:14.460
uh and when the log is uh has run out of gas it goes into the uh into the uh the the ember stage
00:35:26.700
where the embers are glowing and that is the remaining part of the log the carbon
00:35:33.660
so to to make so to make a successful fire you should know the the basics of this combustion
00:35:43.020
process and i describe it in detail in the book but the and the other thing is uh to many people's
00:35:50.620
surprise is that the optimum way of burning a fire is when starting a fire is to burn it from the top and
00:35:59.020
down and that i i think that's probably contrary to uh what what you've learned perhaps right yeah i was
00:36:08.300
taught you know you start off with the kindling and the tender and then you add the fuel logs afterwards
00:36:13.820
but you're saying you want to put yeah and the there are two good reasons for that because we uh
00:36:21.500
the generation before us and all of those earlier on they you they were used to either open fireplaces or
00:36:32.140
closed box stoves but for the modern clean burn stove and or it's uh and also for outdoor fires it's actually
00:36:43.740
better to start the the fire by building a base of logs in the in the bottom of the stove or in the on the
00:36:52.220
ground if you're outdoors and then make a small fire on top of that because the uh what happens is that
00:37:04.940
smoke or gas will come out from the logs underneath and they will obviously go up into the air but by
00:37:13.980
having uh having uh having the fire on top of the logs the smoke that goes out will uh will catch fire
00:37:22.300
so instead of releasing pollution you just burn the pollution and turn it into eat and
00:37:29.740
it's described a method in the book which has been i'm proud to say that it's
00:37:36.060
uh been met with really great enthusiasm both by outdoor people and uh also people who had trouble
00:37:45.340
lighting a fire with with uh uh difficult stoves yeah so so that's really one of the
00:37:53.340
great things i i like with the book that it will forward that method yeah
00:37:58.300
Lars this has been a great conversation uh is there some place people can go to learn more about your work
00:38:03.820
you know the book has after the publication it's been especially in europe it became
00:38:10.060
quite a lot of a phenomena really i've described a bit of it on uh on my website uh which is in
00:38:17.900
norwegian so people has to work their way through it but the um no the nearly all i know and what i've
00:38:28.780
learned after the publication is actually uh gathered in in the u.s edition of the book which was uh
00:38:37.820
because after the norwegian publication i had a lot of feedback and uh positive reactions from readers
00:38:46.860
and i made for the u.s edition i made a revised and expanded editions where i
00:38:52.700
integrated all the new knowledge that i had so uh basically all i know is is in the book
00:39:01.420
there's meeting things for your time it's been a pleasure all right thank you thank you
00:39:05.660
my guess is lars mitting his book is norwegian wood chopping stacking and drying wood the scandinavian way
00:39:11.500
it's available on amazon.com go check it out it's really good read a lot of philosophical tidbits about
00:39:17.340
the wonders and pleasures of fire but also a lot of jam-packed with practical information on how to
00:39:21.900
build better fires to warm yourself uh also check out our show notes at aom.is slash wood where you
00:39:27.900
find links to resources to delve deeper into this topic
00:39:41.020
well that wraps up another edition of the art of manliness podcast for more manly tips and advice
00:39:45.260
make sure to check out the art of manliness website at artofmanliness.com our show is edited
00:39:48.940
by creative audio lab here in tulsa oklahoma if you have any audio editing needs or audio production
00:39:52.780
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00:39:57.820
really helps us out a lot so if you could just take a minute please go do that as always thank you
00:40:01.900
for your continued support and until next time this is brett mckay telling you to stay manly