The Art of Manliness - July 31, 2025


How the Desire for Status Explains (Pretty Much) Everything


Episode Stats

Misogynist Sentences

10

Hate Speech Sentences

17


Summary

In this episode, Will Storr walks us through why status and its infinite forms is so important to people, the ways it can be gained through dominance, virtue, and success, and how status games take place both within groups and between them.


Transcript

00:00:00.000 I'm Brett McKay here, and welcome to another edition of the Art of Manliness podcast.
00:00:11.180 Being famous, knowing someone famous, getting a laugh after telling a joke, getting a good
00:00:15.820 grade, getting likes on a social media post, winning a video game, cooking a tasty meal,
00:00:20.640 being good looking, having inside knowledge, sharing a good recommendation.
00:00:24.760 Now we often think of status exclusively in terms of wealth, but it's actually a play
00:00:28.360 everywhere, in every situation where we get the feeling of being of value, where we feel
00:00:32.200 ever so slightly elevated in our relative social position.
00:00:35.220 The universal desire for status greatly influences our culture, as well as our own behavior and
00:00:39.300 the ups and downs of our mood.
00:00:40.600 We would all do well then to understand status better, and my guest today can help you do
00:00:44.380 just that.
00:00:45.080 His name is Will Storr, and he's the author of The Status Game, on social position and how
00:00:48.940 we use it.
00:00:49.520 Today on the show, Will walks us through why status and its infinite forms is so important
00:00:53.040 to people, the ways it can be gained through dominance, virtue, and success, and how status
00:00:57.000 games take place both within groups and between them.
00:00:59.500 We talk about the good of status, how it can give us a psychological high and motivate the
00:01:03.340 pursuit of skill, competence, and achievement, as well as its dark sides, including the way
00:01:07.500 that a loss in status and the resulting feeling of humiliation leads to depression and sometimes
00:01:11.880 violence.
00:01:12.720 Will explains how status can be gained by enforcing the rules of a group and punishing those
00:01:16.440 who seem to be lowering the overall status of the tribe, and how this punitive dynamic
00:01:19.880 plays out online.
00:01:21.020 We also discuss how when you try to eliminate certain status games by making things equal, people
00:01:25.260 just find other status games to play, and that when one hierarchy is destroyed, another
00:01:29.400 simply rises to take its place.
00:01:31.300 We end up in a conversation with what we can do if status games are inescapable, to play
00:01:34.960 it in a healthy way.
00:01:36.040 After the show's over, check out our show notes at aom.is slash status.
00:01:55.260 Will Storr, welcome to the show.
00:01:58.500 Thanks for having me.
00:01:59.600 So you got a new book out called The Status Game on social position and how we use it.
00:02:04.520 And in this book, you take this very broad, also a deep dive into the anthropology, the
00:02:10.940 history, the psychology, the sociology, the philosophy of social status.
00:02:16.420 And I'm curious, what led you to take such a deep dive into social status?
00:02:20.260 Something that we don't like to talk about particularly.
00:02:22.060 Yeah, so for the last few books, I've been really writing books around the idea that
00:02:28.140 the brain is this storyteller and that the conscious experience of our life is that we're
00:02:32.080 this hero in the unfolding plot of our lives.
00:02:36.360 And the books that I've been writing have been focused around that idea.
00:02:42.280 But then I started to think, okay, so if the conscious experience of life is this heroic
00:02:46.160 story and that heroic story is kind of delusional and leads us into all these traps, what's
00:02:52.040 going on in the subconscious?
00:02:53.500 Because the subconscious is, I imagine, more powerful than the conscious.
00:02:56.840 So what's actually going on down there?
00:02:59.860 And so the status game is my attempt at answering that question.
00:03:04.240 Okay, so let's start with definitions.
00:03:05.900 How do you define status, social status?
00:03:10.040 It's simply the feeling of being of value.
00:03:13.380 And to understand that, you've got to understand where it comes from for humans.
00:03:18.180 Most living things compete for status.
00:03:20.960 And the more status they get, the better their lives get, the longer they survive, the more
00:03:25.120 and more safely they can reproduce.
00:03:26.620 So it's a really important, critical goal that lots and lots of living things have.
00:03:32.040 But humans, we're this kind of tribal ape.
00:03:35.040 And so tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of years ago, when our brains were evolving and
00:03:40.080 becoming the recognisably human brains that we have today, we were living in these hunter-gatherer
00:03:44.220 groups. And we started competing for status with prestige.
00:03:48.300 And the way that we gain that kind of, these prestigious forms of status were by being
00:03:53.040 valuable to our group.
00:03:54.520 And so, and there were two ways of being valuable to your group.
00:03:56.880 You can be virtuous.
00:03:58.280 So you can be like generous and courageous and good follower of rules, or you can be
00:04:02.480 successful.
00:04:03.120 You can be valuable, but useful, but being a great honey finder or a great storyteller
00:04:06.440 or a great hunter.
00:04:07.620 So that's kind of the root of a lot of human status driving.
00:04:11.200 It's that feeling of being of value.
00:04:13.460 And when we feel that we're of value to other people, that's when we get that great status
00:04:16.720 bump.
00:04:17.440 And I think an important point to make is status isn't just about being rich.
00:04:22.040 I think a lot of times when we think about status, we think of class, right?
00:04:24.820 Who has a lower class, middle class, upper class, but status is everywhere.
00:04:29.140 It's, you get status for being young.
00:04:31.400 You might get status for being attractive.
00:04:33.580 You get status when, you know, someone compliments you on something you did.
00:04:37.760 So like on your clothes, you're, you know, if you had a good thought, if your kids are
00:04:41.340 well-behaved, you get status for winning like a board game or a pickup game of basketball
00:04:48.180 or you're getting likes on, it's, it's not just about money.
00:04:51.320 It is just about your relative social position with other people in your group.
00:04:56.500 Yeah, absolutely.
00:04:57.260 So the brain has this thing that scientists call the status detection system, and it's
00:05:01.160 unbelievably sensitive.
00:05:02.220 It's constantly monitoring evidence for our relative status versus other people and for
00:05:07.460 other, and, you know, monitoring other people's status as well.
00:05:09.880 And in the book, you know, write about some of these crazy things they found, the relative
00:05:13.460 amount of orange juice you get poured in your glass versus somebody else.
00:05:16.720 If you get more of that, you know, the brain reads that as good.
00:05:19.140 And if you get less, you get offended.
00:05:20.700 Oh, that's, I've been treated as if I'm lower status.
00:05:22.740 So we're unbelievably obsessed with status.
00:05:25.020 I mean, we're constantly measuring it, mostly subconsciously.
00:05:28.480 It's all about symbol.
00:05:29.600 Those measures of orange juice in the glass, that's a symbolic status kind of ranking.
00:05:34.340 But so is money.
00:05:35.200 And so is, as you say, you know, kids' soccer games and the soccer games that we play.
00:05:40.100 And so we're constantly measuring our status in this kind of wild variety of ways.
00:05:45.660 And there's a lot of things going on when we experience status, like physiologically,
00:05:48.940 like there's hormones that boost stuff from, you know, testosterone increases, I think both
00:05:52.580 in men and women, but more in men, you feel this surge of testosterone.
00:05:56.620 Like even if you're watching like your favorite football team or soccer team play and they
00:06:01.620 win, the people watching on TV, the men watching on TV will have this surge in testosterone.
00:06:05.700 So there's a lot of, there's like neurochemicals that go on.
00:06:08.240 And then when the same thing, when you have like a status defeat, when your team loses,
00:06:11.020 or if you experience some sort of slight, you know, testosterone levels go down, you don't
00:06:15.860 get the dopamine or the serotonin.
00:06:17.540 And so we are definitely wired for this.
00:06:20.460 Well, we've been wired for it since before we were human, you know, before we were human,
00:06:23.640 it was mostly dominance battles.
00:06:26.020 So, you know, with physical fighting, you know, lots of animals still use dominance.
00:06:29.860 Most animals use dominance as their primary way of competing for status.
00:06:33.220 So yeah, you can't, you can't get rid of it.
00:06:34.940 It's in the brain.
00:06:35.920 It's been in the brain for millions of years and we all do it.
00:06:39.280 And then, but there's people out there that say, well, I just, I don't care about status.
00:06:42.520 That's, I'm above that.
00:06:45.180 Is it really possible not to care about status?
00:06:47.860 It's completely impossible.
00:06:49.140 Yeah.
00:06:49.380 It's completely, and that always makes me laugh because you say, you know, so why are you
00:06:52.640 telling me that?
00:06:53.600 Usually when people tell you, oh, I don't care what other people think of me, they're kind
00:06:57.100 of showing off.
00:06:57.900 They're kind of saying I'm better than you because I don't care what other people think
00:07:00.720 of me.
00:07:01.240 And it's like, well, it's just completely self-defeating argument.
00:07:04.140 It always makes me chuckle because, because you can just tell by the tone of voice, people
00:07:07.120 are kind of, they're using that as a claim to status.
00:07:10.140 And so, no, you know, you can't, I mean, you know, I've got, you know, I don't know people
00:07:14.700 who are sort of big into their kind of mindfulness and wellness and they're kind of anti-materialistic.
00:07:19.820 Maybe they're driving a beaten up car and they're kind of thinking that that means they're kind
00:07:24.440 of immune to being interested in the status, but the way they're dressing and eating and
00:07:28.520 living their life are just ways that they're enabling themselves to look down their nose
00:07:32.220 at other people who aren't sort of behaving as they are.
00:07:34.840 One of the studies that I write about in the book, some academics in the University of
00:07:39.080 Amsterdam, they did a survey of 3,700 people who were into mindfulness meditation.
00:07:45.260 And they were specifically looking at people who were doing meditation to get rid of their
00:07:48.840 kind of ego needs and their needs for success in their lives.
00:07:51.820 And they found that these people scored very high in measures of what they called spiritual
00:07:55.440 superiority.
00:07:56.960 So, you know, they were saying things like, you know, if other people had the amazing
00:08:00.720 insights that I have, the world would be a much better place and all this stuff.
00:08:04.220 I'm sure it's possible to reduce, you know, with lots of meditation to reduce your need
00:08:08.360 for status, but you cannot get rid of it.
00:08:11.060 And I mean, the only people that really try and get rid of it that I'm aware of in the
00:08:14.140 modern age completely are the hikikomori in Japan who essentially shut themselves away.
00:08:19.180 And you have to do that because you can't have a social encounter without playing a status
00:08:23.060 game.
00:08:23.640 You know, in all this, in tone of voice, in body language, you know, we're always getting
00:08:29.680 information about what other people think of us.
00:08:31.520 Do they think we're a good person or a bad person?
00:08:34.200 You know, a handsome person or an ugly person or a polite person or a rude person?
00:08:37.840 You know, it's endless.
00:08:39.420 So the only way you can really do it is to shut yourself away like the hikikomori do.
00:08:43.260 But even then, most of them are playing computer games and that's a status game.
00:08:46.320 So...
00:08:46.800 Right.
00:08:46.980 There's status going on there.
00:08:48.360 So even when people say, like, I don't care about status, you might not care about the
00:08:52.940 status game that the wider culture is playing.
00:08:56.640 You're going to play a different status game.
00:08:59.940 Yeah.
00:09:00.240 So the way to understand it is, I mean, that's how I talk about games, is that there's not
00:09:04.300 one game for status that everyone's playing with each other.
00:09:06.760 There are infinite games.
00:09:08.440 And that's because we're tribal.
00:09:09.540 We're a groupish species.
00:09:10.840 So we have these very powerful subconscious urges to do two things.
00:09:15.420 And one is to connect with other people, to connect into coalitions of like-minded people.
00:09:20.040 And then once we're in those coalitions, we, you know, we compete for status within those
00:09:23.520 groups.
00:09:23.800 So, you know, we want to raise in status and be thought of as a kind of above average
00:09:27.400 member of that group.
00:09:28.820 But then also those groups compete with other groups for status.
00:09:31.900 So if we're playing in a soccer match, for example, we want to get a reputation as one
00:09:35.540 of the better players on the pitch amongst our team players.
00:09:38.480 But we're also trying to beat the other team.
00:09:40.700 You know, so we're connecting into games and then competing for status within them and with
00:09:45.140 other kind of games.
00:09:46.700 You know, if you think about that, that's sports, that's politics, that's religion, that's
00:09:51.200 hobby groups, that's groups on social media.
00:09:54.360 So they're kind of infinite games that we play.
00:09:56.700 And as I said before, we can use anything to symbolize status.
00:09:59.460 And as you say, lots of people just assume you mean money.
00:10:02.400 But money is only one way that we play the status game.
00:10:04.640 There are lots of other ways that we can, you know, play the game.
00:10:07.280 It's just about, you know, anything that makes us feel that we are kind of of value in
00:10:12.280 the eyes of other people.
00:10:13.180 All right, so just to be honest, we're hardwired for status.
00:10:16.180 The reason is because it serves a benefit to us.
00:10:18.520 The higher status you get, the more access to resources, reproduction you get to mate.
00:10:23.420 And then as a group, group status, like that also, the whole group gets those benefits as
00:10:27.540 well, right?
00:10:28.540 But let's talk about these, digging deep into how we can gain status.
00:10:32.380 And you mentioned some of them earlier on.
00:10:34.320 Sort of the primal way of, well, there's a couple of ways.
00:10:37.580 There's one type of status called embodied status, where it's just basically you gain status
00:10:41.740 because of some feature you have physically.
00:10:43.900 So whether you're young or old, young people typically get more status in our culture these
00:10:49.240 days.
00:10:49.740 If you're attractive, you have more status and things like that.
00:10:53.620 But then there's things that people can do to gain status.
00:10:56.940 And like the most primal way to gain status is dominance.
00:11:00.380 Let's talk about dominance status.
00:11:01.640 What does that look like?
00:11:03.020 Is it just a matter of beating people up physically?
00:11:06.040 Or are there other ways to display dominance without physical altercation?
00:11:10.300 So dominance isn't just about violence and the threat of violence.
00:11:13.340 It's also, it's any kind of threat.
00:11:15.500 So anytime when someone's kind of forcing or coercing you to kind of attempt to them in
00:11:19.680 status and sort of give them kind of respect that you don't really want to give them,
00:11:23.420 that's dominance.
00:11:24.940 You know, obviously, when you think of dominance, you think of the more masculine qualities.
00:11:28.600 It just, you know, it tends to be one-on-one, face-to-face physical aggression.
00:11:32.180 Again, we've been doing that for millions of years before we were recognizably human.
00:11:36.800 We were much bigger, had much heavier skeletons, were much more physically powerful.
00:11:41.720 We're basically built for dominance disputes.
00:11:43.620 Even today, millions of years later, men still are bigger and still, you know, you can still
00:11:48.280 see the traces of that kind of extremely violent life that we used to live millions
00:11:52.220 of years ago in the human skeleton and in human psychology and male psychology.
00:11:56.620 But that isn't the only way to use the sort of dominance to compete for status.
00:11:59.780 Things like ostracization, bullying, reputation destruction, they're also forms of dominance.
00:12:06.280 And what you tend to find is, especially in children and in young adults, that plays out
00:12:11.420 quite clearly in that young males are much more likely to use physical aggression one-on-one
00:12:16.860 to sort of compete in dominance disputes.
00:12:19.720 And young females are more likely to use that kind of bullying, you know, the group ganging
00:12:24.980 up on somebody else, the gossiping, the reputation destruction.
00:12:27.640 So that's more kind of female typical.
00:12:30.540 But then when the men grow up, because, you know, usually when men get beyond, I don't
00:12:34.340 know, mid-twenties, late-twenties, they're much less likely to use violence or the threat
00:12:38.080 of it.
00:12:38.620 And that kind of levels out and everybody just starts using these kind of more reputation
00:12:42.820 based forms of dominance.
00:12:45.380 Okay.
00:12:45.460 So men are more prone to use physical violence, threats of intimidation.
00:12:49.240 Yeah.
00:12:49.460 Young women, sort of that reputational stuff, like that mean girl stuff that, you know,
00:12:52.860 the mean girl.
00:12:53.420 Yeah, exactly.
00:12:54.040 Yeah.
00:12:54.680 When are we more likely to use dominance?
00:12:58.560 Because we all use this at some point.
00:13:00.260 Like as a parent, you might be like, well, you're going to get your iPad taken away from.
00:13:05.280 But like on a, when do like adults use that with each other?
00:13:08.260 When do they use that strategy for status?
00:13:10.580 There are lots of ways that we kind of have to use dominance.
00:13:12.840 You know, in moments of, in war, we use dominance.
00:13:15.680 When Apple computers sues a rival for patent infringement, that's a dominance thing.
00:13:20.760 That's a kind of forced thing, but we're more, we're most likely to kind of tip into those
00:13:25.640 kind of modes of behavior.
00:13:27.200 And you're right.
00:13:27.680 You know, we, we all do it every day, even, you know, when we're kind of growling at somebody
00:13:31.840 in the supermarket checkout queue, who's, you know, who's upset us, we're using, that's
00:13:35.500 a kind of form of dominance.
00:13:37.360 It's most likely to happen when the kind of relative status of the people in the, in
00:13:42.160 the dispute are unclear.
00:13:44.080 So in the book, I talk about this woman who had an encounter with two police officers and
00:13:48.540 the police officers had pulled her kid over and I think it was the car wasn't insured
00:13:52.580 or something like this, but she kind of marched up to them and started berating them and insulting
00:13:56.780 them.
00:13:57.320 And it turns out that she was sort of high up in the police hierarchy.
00:14:00.920 And she, of course, thought this made her the kind of senior ranking person in the dispute
00:14:05.300 and that they should defer to her.
00:14:07.260 But as far as they were concerned, she was just there to pick up the kids and it was irrelevant
00:14:10.540 what her job was.
00:14:11.480 And so, so there was this dispute about who had, who actually had the right to behave as
00:14:17.260 if they were higher status.
00:14:18.660 The dispute ended up badly for the woman.
00:14:20.780 She ended up having to, I think she, she ended up having to resign her job because they filmed
00:14:24.980 the dispute and it ended up on the internet and she didn't look, it didn't reflect very
00:14:29.460 well on her.
00:14:30.480 But, but yeah, so it's in disputes where the kind of relative kind of ranking of the people
00:14:35.040 involved are kind of a bit murky, a bit ambiguous.
00:14:37.960 Like the most obvious example is if you can imagine going into a new company as the boss,
00:14:43.040 but you're, you know, you're 29 and you're going in to manage people who have been there
00:14:46.880 for years and they're in their forties and fifties.
00:14:49.220 It's ambiguous there because they're going to look at you as this, as this kid, who are
00:14:52.400 you to boss me around?
00:14:54.100 But the kid is the boss.
00:14:55.200 So the kid is there to boss them around.
00:14:57.800 So it's that situation that really is kind of very dangerous in human relations.
00:15:02.680 Well, that happens in animals too with wolves.
00:15:04.900 Like for a long time, we thought that the alpha wolf was the wolf that just beats up
00:15:09.060 on the other wolves.
00:15:10.880 But that observation was made by looking at wolves in captivity.
00:15:15.260 So they would just, but they, what they did is they got a bunch of wolves, random wolves
00:15:18.420 from not the same pack, put them in captivity and they saw, well, this wolf beat up all
00:15:22.880 the other wolves.
00:15:23.740 And so he's the alpha wolf.
00:15:25.120 But then, so yeah, that's the, okay.
00:15:26.660 So alpha wolf is the guy that beats up everybody.
00:15:28.740 But then they actually started observing wolf packs in the wild.
00:15:31.180 And what they found that doesn't happen.
00:15:32.600 Like the alpha wolf and are just like the parent wolves and their, their cubs are there
00:15:37.840 in their pack.
00:15:38.660 So in, in the natural setting, the status hierarchy is established, right?
00:15:43.260 The parents are the top dogs.
00:15:44.940 So in that sense, wolves don't rely on dominance.
00:15:47.740 They just, that's mom.
00:15:49.580 You follow mom and dad, you do what they do.
00:15:51.100 But in captivity, when you put wolves from different packs together, that's when all the,
00:15:54.580 the fighting happens.
00:15:56.360 Wow.
00:15:56.440 That's fascinating.
00:15:57.520 Yeah.
00:15:57.720 That's fascinating.
00:15:59.160 Okay.
00:15:59.600 So dominant status that we, we go to that with threats whenever we're not sure about
00:16:03.840 the status in a situation.
00:16:05.800 You mentioned there's prestige status and there's two ways you can get prestige status.
00:16:09.400 There's virtue and success status.
00:16:11.660 What does virtue status look like?
00:16:14.000 Where this comes from is, is when we started to be these kind of weird apes who are highly,
00:16:18.380 highly cooperative.
00:16:19.000 And, you know, humans back then are like humans are today, really, you know, we can
00:16:24.620 be really nice, but we can also be very selfish, self-interested, hypocritical, delusional about
00:16:28.660 our kind of moral capacity.
00:16:31.200 So how does evolution get these kind of slightly selfish, self-interested, delusional apes to
00:16:36.060 work together and cooperate and be, and think about other people?
00:16:39.500 So this is the way you have to sort of develop this reward system for rewarding tribal members
00:16:44.840 for behavior that puts the interests of the tribe ahead of their own selfish interests.
00:16:50.080 So, so that's why selfless behaviors and universally seem to be morally good behaviors
00:16:55.420 and selfish behaviors and universally seem to be morally bad behaviors because it's all
00:16:59.200 about, you know, incentivizing us to be good members of the tribe.
00:17:03.400 So, so anything that is kind of pro-tribe, selfless is, is kind of virtuous.
00:17:09.120 And so that can be, as I said, generosity, sharing your meat and resources, you being courageous
00:17:14.000 in battle, but, but also things about conformity.
00:17:17.360 So knowing the rules, following the rules, taking part in all the rituals and taking part
00:17:21.640 in them really well, you know, that's going to gain you status in the tribe because that's
00:17:25.320 that, you know, you're a virtuous, you know, tribe first minded person.
00:17:29.260 You're not selfish or selfless and also, you know, enforcing the rules.
00:17:33.340 So somebody that enforces the rules and punishes rule breakers, that's also seen as a virtuous
00:17:38.460 act.
00:17:38.960 So that's when it gets into slight sort of, you know, dodgy territory.
00:17:42.020 And the other one is competence is success.
00:17:44.720 So, you know, it's obvious other way of being useful to the tribe.
00:17:48.400 So that's just by being just skilled, but being a great honey finder, a great storyteller,
00:17:52.760 a great, a great hunter.
00:17:54.420 And so those are the three essential ways in human social life that we can, that we earn
00:17:59.020 status as dominance, but there's also virtue and success.
00:18:02.720 Maybe we see the benefits, right?
00:18:03.900 If we have the status drive, it compels us to be a good person.
00:18:06.540 It compels us to, it can compel us to, you know, be competent and become skilled at something.
00:18:11.020 But this can also take us down dark paths.
00:18:13.580 And the first way this can happen is when someone feels humiliated.
00:18:18.740 So what happens when, so the humiliation is the opposite of status.
00:18:22.360 It's the complete opposite.
00:18:23.780 What happens to us?
00:18:25.620 This was a really interesting thing when I was sort of trying to work out whether it
00:18:30.420 was right, what I was reading about status, whether it is really important.
00:18:33.280 And I kind of attest that I set myself was, okay, if you're going to argue that status is
00:18:36.580 so important, it must be really bad when it's taken away from us.
00:18:40.760 And so I started looking into that and I came across all the research literature on humiliation
00:18:45.880 and how they define humiliation is, is it's not just the removal of all your status from
00:18:50.100 the group.
00:18:50.540 It's also the removal of your kind of ability to claim status in the future.
00:18:54.580 So you're so, you've fallen so far down the game that you're out.
00:18:58.280 You're basically expelled.
00:18:59.280 Nobody wants to have anything to do with you forever.
00:19:01.460 So it's really bad to be, I mean, and we all, again, it's a universal thing, which also
00:19:05.660 shows how important status is.
00:19:07.460 Nobody wants to be humiliated.
00:19:08.820 We all fear humiliation.
00:19:10.760 Humiliation is the basis of the absolute worst of human behavior.
00:19:15.400 You know, most obviously human violence.
00:19:17.880 There's a violence researcher that I quote in the book that said when he got into studying
00:19:22.300 violence, he just assumed, like most people do, that the major causes of street crime are
00:19:26.140 greed and need.
00:19:27.400 People are starving or they're greedy and they rob people.
00:19:30.520 But when he actually met these people and spoke to these people for years, the most common
00:19:33.660 reason is status disputes.
00:19:34.920 People feel disrespected.
00:19:36.820 So they fight back with dominance.
00:19:38.980 And in doing so, humiliation flips into pride.
00:19:42.340 You know, a real driver of the cycle of violence that you see on the streets, because everybody's
00:19:46.900 trying to flip that sense of humiliation into pride.
00:19:49.700 And it goes on and on and on.
00:19:51.180 But then when you look at the kind of wider story, humiliation is implicated in the absolute
00:19:55.440 worst of the worst of the worst of human behavior.
00:19:58.100 And in the book, I talk about, you know, incel spree killers, terrorists, serial killers,
00:20:04.160 spies, honor killings, all of which often have, very often have a series of components
00:20:10.840 of humiliation that kind of motivates them.
00:20:13.540 Yeah, you highlight Elliot Rogers, the kid who did the mass shooting.
00:20:17.780 And, you know, you did a deep dive into him, did these manifestos.
00:20:21.200 And it just sounds like he was just, he just felt humiliated.
00:20:23.720 Well, first off, it sounds like he was, he probably had some sort of narcissistic personality
00:20:26.860 disorder, which made him more vulnerable to humiliation.
00:20:30.420 But if you look through, like he just had all these grievances.
00:20:32.260 And that's why he felt justified in what he did.
00:20:36.280 Yeah, he's a really fascinating case.
00:20:38.120 And so I kind of build this argument in that chapter that it isn't just humiliation that
00:20:41.640 makes people dangerous.
00:20:42.880 But the most dangerous people are A, male, for reasons we've already discussed, because
00:20:47.380 men tend to be violent, B, humiliated, but C, also narcissistic.
00:20:52.560 Because if you're kind of grandiose and narcissistic, you're kind of dysfunctional in your, in the
00:20:57.520 way that you imagine the status game.
00:20:59.280 You feel that you, you are just naturally and automatically deserving of lots of status.
00:21:03.540 And this is not, this is sort of disconnected from your behavior.
00:21:05.940 It's not about earning it.
00:21:07.200 You just earn it because you're amazing.
00:21:09.020 And so it's very unhealthy way of living your life.
00:21:12.240 But, and if you take a narcissist, especially in a male, if you take a male narcissist and
00:21:16.660 you humiliate them again and again and again, and again, you're going to end up with a very
00:21:20.540 probably with an extremely dangerous person.
00:21:22.580 And Elliot Rodgers is, it was definitely one of these people, but what was interesting
00:21:26.240 about Elliot was that he, he left this 108,000 word, it's actually an autobiography, like
00:21:30.600 this very detailed memoir.
00:21:32.640 He's full of, you know, moments of sort of extreme narcissism.
00:21:36.260 You know, he describes himself as a gorgeous, fabulous gentleman, things like this.
00:21:40.880 But he's also brutally honest about his failures and brutally honest about his sense of
00:21:46.480 humiliation, the hands of his peers, the bullying he encountered.
00:21:50.320 And the only way that he, the only kind of, his only kind of source of status in his life
00:21:54.940 was World of Warcraft.
00:21:56.460 And such was his need for status that he became obsessed with World of Warcraft and ended up
00:22:00.500 sort of reaching its kind of top level, became a really skilled player.
00:22:04.360 And, you know, he says in the memoir that it was only when he was playing World of Warcraft
00:22:07.640 that all his troubles with his social troubles receded.
00:22:10.500 And he forgot all about that and he was happy.
00:22:12.480 And then one day he had this kind of small circle of friends that he would play World of
00:22:16.320 Warcraft with at this internet cafe.
00:22:17.820 And one day he discovered somehow they were all meeting up in secret behind his back because
00:22:23.340 they didn't want to, didn't really want to play with him.
00:22:25.660 And of course, this was devastating to him.
00:22:27.620 And he talks about, he talks about playing with tears running down his face.
00:22:31.440 And that was the last day he played seriously.
00:22:34.380 In his memoir, that's the day where he just, he just, he just has his, his thoughts become
00:22:39.040 just extraordinarily disordered.
00:22:40.620 And he, and he starts sort of imagining this kind of dark future world in which sex is
00:22:46.260 abolished and women are, all the women are wiped out and, and, and so on.
00:22:50.320 You know, in the book, I argue that, you know, after his spree killing, lots of commentators
00:22:53.580 on the left and the right blamed World of Warcraft and said, well, it must be World of Warcraft
00:22:57.260 that made him violent.
00:22:58.340 But I actually think that World of Warcraft was the last thing keeping him sane because
00:23:02.000 it was his last source of status that he had and it was taken from him.
00:23:06.520 And that's when he really cracked up.
00:23:08.760 All right.
00:23:08.840 So humiliation is the most extreme form of status defeat.
00:23:12.040 And it can, in certain situations, it can lead people to do terrible things, but we all
00:23:16.120 experience maybe not humiliation, but just status defeat on a daily basis.
00:23:20.400 And I imagine if you look back on your behavior, like when you, you felt you weren't proud of
00:23:25.140 the way you behaved, it was probably because it was a reaction to a status defeat of some
00:23:30.780 sort, whether you got snippy with somebody or you lashed out online at somebody.
00:23:35.580 There might've been, you might've just been having a bad day because, you know, the boss
00:23:39.620 yelled at you or something like that.
00:23:42.180 Yeah, I think that's right.
00:23:43.220 We respond in dominance all the time when, when things like that happen, you know, it
00:23:47.380 affects our mental health too.
00:23:48.640 I mean, lots and lots of cases of depression and even suicide are implicated in the sense
00:23:55.600 that you are, you've either declined in status or the people around you have accelerated in
00:24:01.580 status and you stayed behind.
00:24:02.900 And, you know, in suicidality is particularly, we become particularly vulnerable to that kind
00:24:06.900 of suicidal thoughts when we have a very sudden drop in status.
00:24:10.780 We're going to take a quick break for your word from our sponsors.
00:24:14.300 And now back to the show.
00:24:16.180 All right.
00:24:16.300 So throughout the conversation so far, we have mentioned social media in passing and its role
00:24:21.460 that it plays in status games.
00:24:22.860 But I want to dig deeper into it because I think anyone who has a social media account
00:24:28.020 has experienced firsthand how social media can ratchet up status anxiety.
00:24:33.700 I mean, like you, you post a picture on Instagram and then you're just the rest of the day, you're
00:24:37.160 checking like how many likes did it get?
00:24:38.600 What are people saying?
00:24:39.800 Or you tweet something and then you're checking how many retweets did it get?
00:24:43.060 So walk us through that.
00:24:44.140 How does, how does social media intensify the status games that we play?
00:24:48.920 Yeah, totally.
00:24:50.200 I mean, I mean, all of social media, it's a status game.
00:24:53.460 And I think what's happened to the social media giants and designers have by kind of
00:24:57.580 instincts and trial and error formed their platforms around our need for status.
00:25:02.680 If you think about those three games that we played, dominance, virtue and success, that
00:25:06.140 is social media, you know, dominance with the kind of cancel culture and the mobby kind
00:25:10.440 of behavior, success or the pictures of the lovely holidays and I've won this award and
00:25:15.000 I've got this new job and virtue.
00:25:17.160 Of course, I've done this amazing thing, you know, enforcing the rules, showing off about
00:25:21.560 the marathon you've just run for, you know, breast cancer.
00:25:24.400 And the interesting thing about it is, you know, lots of people kind of are aware of some
00:25:28.600 of the kind of sort of dark technology that runs social media and this idea that it's a
00:25:32.600 bit like a slot machine because the rewards are unpredictable.
00:25:36.160 So if you make a contribution to social media, you don't know how it's going to go down.
00:25:40.640 Sometimes you're going to get lots of likes, sometimes you're going to get none or you might
00:25:44.500 even get attacked. So the rewards are inconsistent and that's what, just like a fruit machine,
00:25:48.900 it keeps you coming back, gives this kind of addictive quality.
00:25:52.040 But as I say in the book, you know, I think that's quite well known amongst technologists
00:25:55.360 that that kind of slot machine effect.
00:25:57.800 But what they don't really talk about is what you're actually gambling with.
00:26:00.480 And it seems clear to me that you're gambling with status.
00:26:03.000 That's what you're doing when you make any contribution to social media, whether it's a picture of your
00:26:06.780 holiday or it's a kind of witty comment or it's an attack on a political opponent.
00:26:11.140 And you're gambling with your status. And sometimes you get loads of status.
00:26:14.440 Sometimes you get retweets and people love it and you go, yeah, that's brilliant.
00:26:17.040 You're amazing. And sometimes it's a disaster.
00:26:19.300 You either get ignored, which is depressing, or you get attacked and you feel humiliated.
00:26:23.900 One of the sort of really interesting things about seeing it is this kind of huge global
00:26:27.740 status game that we can play is that, you know, most people have just pretty ordinary lives
00:26:33.000 and, you know, they're going to work every day and they're a teacher or whatever.
00:26:36.260 But if they're very active on social media, they might well find that they have more status
00:26:41.320 packed into their, you know, phones that they're carrying around in their pocket than they do in
00:26:45.180 their actual everyday lives. So, you know, so when they're in their everyday life, they're just,
00:26:49.560 they're a police officer or they're, you know, whatever. But when they turn on their phone,
00:26:53.180 they're this, you know, amazing person with all these followers who love them because they're funny
00:26:56.580 or they're brave or they're, you know, whatever.
00:26:59.180 And so, so I think that's why, that's why social media can become such a powerful thing in people's
00:27:05.600 lives because it becomes their kind of central nutrient for the mind status. Like just like
00:27:09.780 the vitamins are essential nutrients for the body.
00:27:12.500 And that can go down bad places because, you know, people feel terrible when they post something
00:27:17.500 on social media and it doesn't do well or their follower count isn't going up. And so to remedy that,
00:27:23.040 they start posting increasingly dumb or cringy things, or they start saying inflammatory stuff
00:27:29.200 that makes our, our politics more polarized, or they might start going after people because they
00:27:34.580 need attention and they'll do anything to get another status boost related to the related to
00:27:40.340 this idea, at least to the piling on that you can see happen on social media sometimes. And this is
00:27:46.080 something that happens offline too. It's the enforcement of the rules of the status games we play.
00:27:51.220 And you say this can be explained by two archetypes of people who enforce these rules. You call them
00:27:56.900 the cousins and the warriors. So who are these guys? Who are the cousins and warriors?
00:28:01.320 Again, you know, to, to work out how this stuff works, you've got to go back and look at how life
00:28:06.440 was in the tribes that we evolved in, because that's, that's where our brains evolved and where
00:28:10.220 these instincts and kind of patterns of behavior kind of first emerged. And one of the, one of the
00:28:15.960 things I thought that really surprised me when I, when you look at a hunter gatherer life was that
00:28:20.660 there wasn't some sort of big man figure in charge who was a big leader. It was generally
00:28:26.160 much more collaborative that leadership and hunter gatherer tribes. And that's surprising
00:28:29.660 because if you look at the world today, there are leaders everywhere. There are political leaders
00:28:33.100 and, you know, the cult of the CEO and the cult of the founder. We go to work and have bosses,
00:28:38.520 you know, you know, that one kind of leader feels like a natural, natural and kind of universal
00:28:44.220 facet of human life. But it wasn't like that back in the day, the status games that we played
00:28:49.360 in those tribes were much, they were there, but they were much reduced. And what would happen is
00:28:53.760 that they were, they were kind of like a small group of elders that researchers, they call them
00:28:57.420 the cousins and they're not literally cousins, but, but, but that's what they call them.
00:29:01.720 And there were these kind of elders. And so what would happen is if, if somebody, you know,
00:29:06.380 dropped in status because they were behaving badly for, for whatever reason, the cousins would go
00:29:11.260 away and sort of discuss it. And, you know, gossip would, would kind of spread out amongst the tribe
00:29:15.980 and the cousins would then kind of collaboratively kind of, kind of make this, make a decision to,
00:29:21.200 to enforce the rules of the group. And so, you know, researchers talk about this idea that we
00:29:26.980 weren't living under the tyranny of leaders. We were living under the tyranny of the cousins.
00:29:30.600 It was a fearsome, fearsome, could often be a fearsome, fearsome environment to, to live in.
00:29:36.960 You know, one of the quotes from one of these researchers was that we lived in this,
00:29:39.980 they called it a social cage of tradition where it is all about the rules. So execution,
00:29:46.660 capital punishment was, is thought to have once been a human universal. So if you really
00:29:50.920 transgress badly, you'd just be killed. And when you look at some of these groups, it isn't just,
00:29:55.200 you can imagine, okay, somebody can be executed if by, for, you know, murdering, if they murder somebody
00:29:59.880 else, or if they, you know, for some really egregious, other really egregious, aggressive
00:30:04.340 series of crimes. But you could be murdered for all kinds of reasons. You know, one of them was
00:30:08.880 treading on the men's path. For a woman, you tread on the men's path, you could be executed.
00:30:13.460 And in the book, I talk about this, that there's a story I got from the ethnographic literature
00:30:17.160 from a group in Papua New Guinea. And what happened was somebody died of sickness in the,
00:30:23.880 in the tribe, but the cousins decided that the person had died due to an act of sorcery.
00:30:28.800 So that, so they did some sort of magic ritual with like smoking leaves to, to work out who,
00:30:34.880 who the killer was. And, and they decided it was this one poor bloke who was accused and sort of
00:30:39.920 panicked. The cousins began talking and gossiping and the gossip spreads throughout the tribe.
00:30:43.880 And everyone starts talking about all the bad things that this person did and why they're so
00:30:47.300 awful. And, and, you know, the, the, a sense of moral outrage and disgust is kind of focused more
00:30:53.140 and more on this individual. And eventually he's just killed and eaten. And that's what happened to
00:30:57.260 him. I, in the book, as you'll know, I can, I compare that to the kinds of things that we see
00:31:01.900 on social media. Of course, no one's been killed and eaten on social media, but, but it's the,
00:31:06.040 but it's the same dynamics, you know, and it's the same dynamics because we have these,
00:31:10.000 we still have these tribal brains that the cousins are there on social media. And if they target
00:31:15.380 somebody that they feel has transgressed the rules of their, their tribe, then the gossip starts,
00:31:21.460 the gossip spreads down from, from their kind of lofty heights to all their followers.
00:31:25.060 And it builds and it builds and it builds and it builds. And then, but the attack is,
00:31:29.100 it's about that reputation destruction, that other form of dominance we also use. And of course,
00:31:33.980 that's sometimes we call that cancel culture, but, but, but it's certainly, you know, we see that a
00:31:39.020 lot on social media because it's, it's human behavior.
00:31:42.440 Well, yeah, I think that's a good point you make throughout the book. I think
00:31:44.940 about this idea of, of in small groups or in tribes, I think there's this romantic idea that
00:31:50.680 like, oh, they were egalitarian. We should be more like hunter gatherer tribes and like, look,
00:31:54.260 you know, the potlatch, right? Look at this, this big man, he's giving away all of his stuff
00:31:58.480 because he's so generous and noble. And, but if you, if you actually look at the ethnographic
00:32:03.280 research, a lot of times the, the researchers find out, no, they were just giving away, not because
00:32:07.920 they were like good, it's like, they were afraid if they don't, that whole, the cousins would gang up
00:32:13.060 on them and just kill them because there could, there could be no one higher in the, in the group.
00:32:18.460 Yeah, that's right. And also it's the deal for status, you know, the potlatch is a lot of that
00:32:22.780 was about status. And in the book, I talk about, you know, a similar idea with, with these big yams
00:32:27.220 and whoever brought the biggest yam to the feast was declared number one and was, you know,
00:32:31.120 rose in status. So that's absolutely right. And also this idea of, you know, the egalitarian tribe,
00:32:36.280 the first thing to say about that is that, is that that's relatively speaking, that they weren't
00:32:39.920 actually egalitarian, these tribes, not everybody was equal. There were status hierarchies in there,
00:32:45.280 but they're just much shallower than we see today. And the second thing that sort of just as
00:32:49.800 importantly is they're not egalitarian because they're all sort of communists and they'll, they'll,
00:32:54.180 nobody wanted to, you know, be the boss because they're all so humble and nice. They're egalitarian
00:32:58.600 because they're all obsessed with their own level of status and everyone is checking everyone else
00:33:03.120 constantly to make sure that nobody claims too much. So when everybody's batting heads, you know,
00:33:07.580 socially constantly to make sure nobody rises too much, that that's kind of what you end up with.
00:33:11.740 If you live in an environment where you don't have property or in a private property or, you know,
00:33:15.180 land ownership, these kinds of things that can kind of become sources of status. So yeah,
00:33:20.940 there is this myth that we lived in this proto-communist utopia back in the day and it just
00:33:25.980 isn't true. You mentioned, so there's the cousins, these kind of, they're in the group to sort of
00:33:29.960 enforce the rules. What are the warriors? Yeah, I talk about the warriors because, I mean, again,
00:33:35.000 looking at, looking at kind of social media, the cousins are the ones that I guess decide on,
00:33:39.760 on who gets punished. The warriors, I talk about these people that sort of go out
00:33:44.060 and attack other members of the tribe. And again, what we see in these, the tribes in which we
00:33:48.220 evolved, they were pretty violent. I mean, the tribes that weren't particularly violent,
00:33:52.660 the ones that are isolated and not near, not that near to other tribes, but it's fairly common for
00:33:57.880 those kind of hunter-gatherer tribes to be extremely territorial, extremely aggressive, and to launch
00:34:03.660 raiding attacks on rival tribes and in turn to have to defend themselves from raiding attacks on their
00:34:09.040 own tribes. And again, you see this in life today, you see it on social media, again, these kind of
00:34:13.360 warrior behaviour, which is not so much about enforcing the rules within the group, but going
00:34:18.720 out and attacking members of other groups for perceived attacks on their kind of status.
00:34:25.380 And I think to sort of explain, I need to sort of need to explain that, you know, one way that we
00:34:29.280 measure status is with beliefs. So beliefs can be status symbols. So we can believe a million things
00:34:34.240 that have nothing to do with status, like the length of the Mississippi River and the boiling
00:34:37.600 point of water. And nobody argues about this stuff because nobody's status is attached to it.
00:34:42.140 But there's a small kind of subset of beliefs that we attach our status to, that when somebody
00:34:47.880 doesn't believe that thing, we look down our nose at them. And then we look up at people and we admire
00:34:51.880 people who do believe those things. And of course, these are things like political beliefs,
00:34:56.100 moral beliefs. And so every kind of status game has its kind of sacred beliefs. And I think what you
00:35:02.760 see in social media is, is warriors going out to attack people who they feel have insulted the
00:35:08.320 sacred beliefs of their tribe.
00:35:10.460 Throughout the book, you mentioned that status games, there's all different types of status
00:35:13.780 games going on. There could be a status game within a tribe, within your family, at work,
00:35:18.420 wherever, or on a societal level, even. But you talk about that sometimes status games can start
00:35:23.720 to become tight. And that's when they get more intense. Like what do you, why does it happen?
00:35:28.600 And what does a tight status game look like? So this is based on some really fascinating work,
00:35:33.880 principally by a psychologist called Michelle Gelfand. She studies the differences in cultures
00:35:39.360 rather than groups. And what she finds, and psychologists who study the same thing, what
00:35:45.220 they find is that there are different kinds of culture. Some cultures are tight, relatively tight,
00:35:49.800 and some cultures are relatively loose. Tight cultures tend to be much more conformist,
00:35:53.900 much more suspicious of outsiders, much more kind of religious, much more prone to kind of,
00:35:58.060 in a supernatural belief. They're kind of rule makers, rule followers. So if you look at things
00:36:03.400 like the time on clocks in public spaces, in tight cultures, much more likely to be correct than in
00:36:08.900 loose cultures. The trains run on time more in tight cultures than loose cultures. So Germany is a
00:36:13.840 relatively tight culture. The UK is relatively loose. And what makes them this way, Gelfand and others
00:36:19.920 believe, is that it is kind of a history of struggle, difficulty, whether it be climactic difficulty,
00:36:25.840 or plagues, or wars. If that culture has a history of very severe kind of shock and stress and pressure,
00:36:33.620 that they tighten up and they kind of remain that way. And I just sort of extended that idea to groups
00:36:40.100 in general, because I think it works for groups in general. If you think about the group as the
00:36:44.300 status game, what's the tightest status game you can possibly play? But that's a cult. What defines
00:36:50.120 a cult is the cult of saying, we are your only source of status. That's it. You are not allowed
00:36:55.000 any other source of connection or status anywhere in your life. And that's why cults want you to cut
00:36:59.500 off contact with your family and friends and, you know, even outside jobs sometimes. You're not allowed
00:37:05.300 to have if you're a member of a cult. And they offer you a very, very specific set of rules by which to
00:37:10.560 earn status. You must do this, you must do this, you must do this, and you must do it exactly. You
00:37:14.740 know, very often cults even try to kind of litigate over the content of your own head. You know, they
00:37:19.500 tell you what you're allowed to think and what you're not allowed to think. So there is an extremely
00:37:23.960 tight status game. And they often offer like ridiculously, you know, crazy status rewards.
00:37:30.380 The cult that I look at in detail in the book is the Heaven's Gate cult. And the idea there was that
00:37:34.840 if you follow our rules, you can be literally taken away by UFOs, and you're going to be taken to the
00:37:39.940 level above human. So you're going to have such high status, you're going to be literally superhuman,
00:37:44.760 which, you know, not coincidentally is also what the Nazis and the communists promised,
00:37:49.340 followers of Nazis and communism, that they were going to become kind of superhuman
00:37:52.360 people. That's a really tight group. You can extend that down. You can see, you know,
00:37:56.420 so if the tightest group possible is a cult, then you can see something like, you know,
00:37:59.800 fundamentalist Islamism as not a cult, but not far off a cult. That's a tight group with really,
00:38:06.060 you know, high, like crazy promises of high status, very conformist, kind of wild supernatural
00:38:12.320 beliefs. Lots of political groups are very tight. Since the global financial crisis, I think the
00:38:16.840 cultures of the West have tightened up. Politics now in the UK, in the US and in Canada, it's just
00:38:22.920 a much, they're much tighter games than they were, we say, 15 years ago. People have wilder beliefs,
00:38:28.880 they're much more conformist, they're much more angry. So yeah, I think the tightness looseness thing
00:38:34.420 is useful because it takes it away from, oh, it's all the lefties, it's all the right-wingers,
00:38:39.400 it's all the left-wingers. It's actually everybody. The problem isn't being left-wing
00:38:42.780 or right-wing. The problem is by being unhealthily tight.
00:38:45.600 All right. So status is everywhere and it can take us down some dark places, cause a lot of
00:38:49.380 problems. So if some people think, well, why don't we just get rid of status, you know,
00:38:53.340 make everyone the same, everyone equal, and we won't have these problems anymore. But as we talked
00:38:58.040 about earlier, the fact that hunter-gatherer tribes, you know, they were very egalitarian in a sense,
00:39:02.800 that didn't stop other kinds of status games from going on. And then you also talk about a modern
00:39:08.420 day case study about what happened in Russia during Soviet rule when they tried that, when they tried
00:39:13.940 to make everyone the same. And it didn't work out the way they thought it would. So what happened
00:39:19.000 in Russia when they tried to make everyone equal?
00:39:22.360 Yeah, it was bad. It was really bad. And this was really illuminating for me because, you know,
00:39:27.340 we've all heard, you know, we know what happens in the Soviet Union. It was pretty bad.
00:39:31.440 But actually, when you look at it from a status perspective, it all starts to make sense. And so
00:39:36.780 the idea, and this was an idea that was sort of bubbling around in the years after the Industrial
00:39:41.420 Revolution, because in the Industrial Revolution, you start to see this kind of much more inequality
00:39:45.360 and these kind of captains of industry hoarding status and these very badly treated workers being
00:39:51.700 very badly treated. And so this idea, we need to get rid of this. What they imagined was that wealth
00:39:56.860 and property ownership was the cause of our status anxiety. They didn't understand it was in our
00:40:02.320 brains anyway. So they said, if we get rid of property ownership and ownership of anything,
00:40:06.520 we'll get rid of status anxiety and it'll be a paradise. It'll be amazing. But of course,
00:40:10.500 that's not what happened at all. You know, they got rid of property ownership and just started playing
00:40:15.220 a different kind of status game. What amazed me and what I didn't know before I did this research
00:40:19.620 was that under Stalin, the Soviet Union did an enormous sort of U-turn and started actually
00:40:25.220 embracing the status game again. You know, in the times of Lenin, all kind of, they tried to abolish
00:40:31.300 all outward signs of status. So even like ranks in the army, medals, awards, you know, all that stuff
00:40:37.880 was gone and Stalin brought it all back because he realized it just wasn't working. You know, he even
00:40:43.780 insulted people by calling them equality mongerers. You're an equality mongerer. He said, you know,
00:40:48.480 people want to own a cow. There's nothing wrong with owning a cow. It's perfectly normal to own
00:40:51.720 a cow. They brought back all the awards and all the, you know, all the medals. What you end up
00:40:56.840 with in the Soviet Union is an even more hierarchical world than you had in the West. I mean, one group of
00:41:02.680 sociologists went, you know, visited the Soviet Union, I think it was in the 50s. And they said there
00:41:06.600 were like 12 distinct social classes in the Soviet Union. And the top class really did live like the
00:41:13.920 aristocrats of the czars of the previous era. They even had servants. They were swept away on
00:41:20.580 holidays on these luxury trains that were full of extraordinary, you know, full of butter and veal
00:41:25.980 and, you know, incredible, you know, cigars. So it was entirely hypocritical. All they did was just
00:41:33.020 build a new hierarchy, put themselves at the top, which I think is what, that's what always happens
00:41:37.820 when, you know, when people promise utopia, they just build a new hierarchy and put themselves at the
00:41:41.780 top and the old people at the bottom. As I said, the reason it didn't work is because they just
00:41:45.880 made that fundamental mistake. They thought that wealth and property and ownership caused our status
00:41:51.680 anxiety, but the status anxiety is there anyway. You cannot get rid of it. So no matter what society
00:41:56.940 you try and build, our need for status will always assert itself. Yeah. I mean, George Orwell talked
00:42:01.980 about that in Animal Farm, right? All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.
00:42:06.480 Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. And it's, yeah. And it was brutal. I mean, I, I, I, I deliberately didn't
00:42:13.120 sort of pull any punches in that chapter. And, you know, at the same time, the, the, you know,
00:42:17.880 the people at the top were, they call them the nomenclature, that the nomenclature had their
00:42:23.000 servants being taken by luxury trains and feasting and, you know, for their kind of free holidays and
00:42:29.060 their, to their holiday homes. People were literally eating each other alive in, in gulags and on
00:42:34.440 kind of prison islands. So it really is, you know, uh, it was horrific what happened in the Soviet
00:42:40.280 union. And it is a story that we were, we were a bit obsessed with what was going on in Germany in
00:42:46.120 the middle of the 20th century in, in, in the West. And, uh, I think the stories, I think the
00:42:50.980 stories from the Soviet union are just as useful for us to know and no less horrific.
00:42:57.440 Yeah. So I think the lesson there, I mean, I think there's a book I read that ties into this idea
00:43:01.620 that even as you try to eliminate, uh, inequality, like the status game is still there. There's a
00:43:07.320 book called envy, a theory of social behavior by this guy named Helmut Showick. And he makes
00:43:12.300 that case is you can try to make things equal, but what ends up happening is people just find
00:43:16.400 another status game to play. Yeah. Yeah. Um, I mean, yeah, that, that, that, I mean, that's,
00:43:22.880 I think that was one of the takeaways of my book, which I thought was probably quite, quite
00:43:26.420 controversial, but you know, inarguable when you're on the side of stuff. And that is this idea of
00:43:29.640 equality is a complete myth. We're never going to have equality because people are always going
00:43:34.280 to want to be, you know, getting statuses about winning, get being above and, and, and, and you're
00:43:39.080 never going to eradicate that from the human animal. Yeah. I mean, you can just see this with
00:43:42.220 kids, right? Like you can give your kids the same amount of food, but it looks like the same,
00:43:47.960 but like, they're going to find a way. No, he's got a little bit more. And we do that even as adults.
00:43:53.800 Yeah. Yeah. And, and the fact that it's kids, you know, it demonstrates me in the book,
00:43:58.260 I talk about, you know, some of this stuff, you know, as soon as kids are able to play
00:44:02.620 with toys that they're arguing about who gets, who gets the toy and it isn't about the toys
00:44:06.680 about, you know, cause the toys is, is, is just symbolic. It symbolizes status. So it's
00:44:11.040 there. We're, you know, we're born with it and it, and it happens automatically.
00:44:15.400 All right. So if we can't escape the status game, unless you're one of these, those, a
00:44:19.040 hermit or one of those Japanese hermit dudes who just live in their, their apartment room,
00:44:23.600 how can we play the status game, but in a healthy flourishing way? Do you, have you figured
00:44:27.600 that out?
00:44:28.020 I try to answer this question in, in, in a few ways. I think a basic one that I found useful
00:44:33.980 personally is, is this idea that we, we all too easily slip into dominance, you know, and
00:44:38.340 you know, these little acts of dominance that mark our days, you know, when we kind of roll
00:44:41.940 our eyes, send rude emails when we feel we've been slighted and it, and it's a much better
00:44:46.760 strategy, I think, to, to, to try and use these small moments of prestige, trying to make
00:44:51.700 people feel good as much as possible, even though, you know, in the short term, we might
00:44:55.840 not, we might not get our way because I, you know, people love status. If you get a reputation
00:45:00.840 of somebody that sort of is, is generous with your status and makes people feel good about
00:45:03.980 themselves, people are going to want to be with you and you're going to, you know, you're
00:45:06.880 going to get lots of status coming, coming, getting sort of coming back your way. So, so
00:45:10.800 I think these, you know, it's very easy and it's in our kind of animal nature, our pre-human
00:45:14.580 nature to push back with dominance all the time. But, but, but, but I think sort of mindfully
00:45:18.940 go to prestige is a really useful thing. And I think on a, on a broader level, it's this
00:45:24.720 idea of making sure that we're playing multiple games at once. You know, I think a really healthy
00:45:28.800 life is one in which there are several different sources of status. Like I think you should
00:45:32.820 have a hierarchy of games. The one at the top that's your main game and you put lots
00:45:36.440 of attention and care into because it's not easy to earn status and get a reputation of
00:45:41.760 being somebody of value. And you're going to have to sort of put some focus into that.
00:45:45.680 But I also think you need to hedge because nobody wants to be in a cult where they've
00:45:48.520 got one source of status and that's it. And just, just, just generally speaking, if the
00:45:51.880 only thing you've got in your life is your job, for example, then what happens as is
00:45:55.960 inevitable, especially as you get older, you become less respected. Other people
00:46:00.380 overtake you, you know, things start going wrong. That's a sort of annihilation of the
00:46:05.040 self. That's, that's a catastrophe. If that's your only source of status, you're going to
00:46:08.880 end up in a very dark place sort of very quickly. So I think playing this kind of
00:46:12.360 variety of games is, is, is a, is a really useful takeaway as well.
00:46:16.140 Maybe avoid social media too. What's your take on that?
00:46:18.960 I think avoid that kind of virtue dominance behavior on social media. So a, don't allow
00:46:26.240 yourself to be triggered by feelings of being slighted on social media. Always have that
00:46:30.400 in the back of your head. It's just, it's just my brain with me. Like it doesn't matter
00:46:34.960 what this person has said that I don't agree with. But, but also it's about avoiding, you
00:46:39.740 know, the, the kind of virtue play that's kind of mixed with dominance. So we were aggressively
00:46:43.820 going after people for transgressing our kind of sacred rules. I think, I think that's the
00:46:49.000 thing to avoid on social media. And I'm sure that you can use, use social media to your
00:46:53.820 benefit, but if you use it kind of modestly and carefully, but, but I think, I think you're
00:46:58.940 in danger when it becomes your, your major source of status.
00:47:03.720 Okay. So first one, give, I think one of the, I like that gives, give status freely because
00:47:08.960 it's free and it's unlimited. It doesn't cost you anything to say, Hey, good job on that.
00:47:12.860 And people, people like that play multiple status games. So don't just make your job,
00:47:17.600 your only source of status. And then I think also, I think the big takeaway too, is just
00:47:20.780 like be aware of status, like being aware that there's a status game going on. And then
00:47:25.220 maybe I do this all the time. My wife and I, whenever we feel down, I was like, maybe there's
00:47:31.160 like some kind of status thing going on, or maybe I feel like I'm not getting a win. And that helps
00:47:35.120 because a lot of times you feel bad and you're like, why am I feeling bad? And bringing that status
00:47:39.380 paradigm can, I don't know, it helps for some weird reason.
00:47:44.280 Yeah. I think that's absolutely right. And it's just that realization. And, and, you know,
00:47:48.520 since, since writing the book, it's so often that I found myself in exactly the situation that you
00:47:53.200 describe with your wife where I'm down and I'm depressed. It's like, what's wrong with me?
00:47:56.400 And then you think, Oh yeah, I, this, I feel bad that this happened today and I haven't had a
00:48:02.060 win for ages. And that's, and that's, what's getting me down. And then as soon as you, as soon
00:48:05.220 as you get a win, since something good happens, you're just on top of the world again. And it's
00:48:08.280 actually, once you start noticing it, it's amazing how much of the kind of ups and downs of your sort of
00:48:14.020 daily mood I find are attached to what's going on in the, in the, in the status games of your life.
00:48:18.860 Yeah. Like I'm sure for an author, like you'd probably check in your Amazon
00:48:22.020 ranking like, Oh, did I go up today? Ah, yes.
00:48:25.240 No, I can't. I learned not to do that after the first book because it's, it's just, it's agonizing.
00:48:30.440 It's a, it's a disaster. So I don't, I never look at my Amazon. I don't look at the reviews. I don't
00:48:34.880 look at the play ranking because it, because you just get obsessed with it. It just takes over.
00:48:39.660 Yeah. You can't let that happen. Well, Will, this has been a great conversation. Where can people go
00:48:42.860 to learn more about the book and your work?
00:48:44.860 So I'm on Twitter. So it's at W store W S T O double R. Yeah. And, and my website is,
00:48:50.720 is, is just will store.com. You can find out a bit more about the various books on there.
00:48:55.220 Fantastic. Will store. Thanks for your time. It's been a pleasure.
00:48:57.160 Thanks Brett. It's been a great conversation. Thank you.
00:48:59.860 My guest, it was Will store. He's the author of the status game. It's available on amazon.com.
00:49:03.920 You can find more information about his work at his website, will store.com. That's store with two
00:49:08.020 R's. Also check out our show notes at aom.is slash status. We can find links to resources. We
00:49:12.520 delve deeper into this topic. Well, that wraps up another edition of the AOM podcast. Make sure
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