The Auron MacIntyre Show - Andrew Jackson and the Imperial Presidency ｜ Guest： George Bagby ｜ 2⧸6⧸26

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00:00:30.000 Hey everybody, how's it going?

00:00:31.600 Thanks for joining me this afternoon.

00:00:33.020 I've got a great stream with a great guest

00:00:34.580 that I think you're really going to enjoy.

00:00:36.800 Andrew Jackson was one of the lions

00:00:39.920 that occupied the executive office in the United States.

00:00:43.460 Well known as a general, a war hero, a statesman,

00:00:47.000 and a guy who was not afraid to use executive power.

00:00:51.280 He pushed many boundaries,

00:00:52.400 but he was also considered a great leader.

00:00:55.100 Sometimes he's painted as a villain,

00:00:56.800 sometimes he is painted as a hero,

00:00:58.580 but the one thing he was, was interesting and decisive.

00:01:02.140 I think there's a lot that we can learn from this president,

00:01:04.880 and I have an excellent guest joining us to talk about it.

00:01:08.040 Mr. George Bagby is a history expert.

00:01:10.560 Thank you so much for coming on, sir.

00:01:13.000 Thank you very much for having me.

00:01:14.260 It's great to be here.

00:01:15.780 Absolutely.

00:01:16.220 I know we've been playing this for a while,

00:01:17.900 and I think it's still so important

00:01:19.800 because given the context of Jackson's presidency,

00:01:23.900 I think there are many parallels that we can draw to today.

00:01:26.920 Obviously, it's not a one-to-one.

00:01:28.240 I don't think Donald Trump is an Andrew Jackson,

00:01:30.740 but I do think there are things he can learn from Andrew Jackson.

00:01:34.080 We can all learn,

00:01:35.240 and I think it's fascinating to look back at the executive

00:01:38.320 because so many people today look at the presidency

00:01:41.520 as we see it in the modern era,

00:01:44.020 and it seems somehow weak.

00:01:46.120 It confuses people as what's actually part of the American tradition,

00:01:50.460 what would be some kind of authoritarian overreach,

00:01:53.260 and what is well within our understanding of presidential action.

00:01:57.680 So I think this will be very valuable.

00:02:00.540 Now, I know this topic is really large,

00:02:03.600 and so we could probably spend a very long time in there.

00:02:07.220 There are, of course, several very large books

00:02:09.240 written on Andrew Jackson, his presidency, and his life,

00:02:12.820 but obviously we have to narrow it down a little bit.

00:02:15.440 So maybe you can give just some of the basics

00:02:17.980 for Andrew Jackson's kind of life beginnings,

00:02:21.180 that kind of thing,

00:02:21.980 before we move into kind of the more exciting parts of his presidency.

00:02:27.420 Absolutely.

00:02:28.840 Jackson is a figure that is still present in our discourse,

00:02:33.520 mostly people voicing negative opinions about him.

00:02:37.980 He's been the subject of a lot of negative propaganda

00:02:40.500 for the last couple generations at least,

00:02:43.820 but it's also notable that Trump in both of his administrations

00:02:48.680 replaced the presidential portrait in the Oval Office

00:02:52.560 with Jackson's portrait.

00:02:54.360 He's obviously taken some inspiration

00:02:56.980 and has a positive admiration of the man.

00:03:00.560 And that is, of course, his origin on the currency,

00:03:05.140 the monuments that still commemorate him around the country.

00:03:07.900 We weren't remembering Jackson for our ability to recall

00:03:12.700 all the things we thought he did wrong,

00:03:14.840 but because he was broadly admired.

00:03:17.200 And he had two terms in office.

00:03:20.260 He was already a remarkable national leader

00:03:24.200 well before he went into politics.

00:03:27.760 He was one of the first pioneers to Tennessee.

00:03:30.020 He married the governor's daughter

00:03:32.840 and then engaged in several notable duels

00:03:37.700 about the honor of his wife.

00:03:40.720 The circumstances of his marriage are a little confusing.

00:03:45.580 His wife was separated and finally divorced

00:03:49.440 from her first husband,

00:03:50.600 which was very unusual in those days.

00:03:53.600 We still don't know the details of why,

00:03:57.440 but the divorce technically wasn't finalized

00:04:01.120 before Jackson took her away on their honeymoon.

00:04:04.500 And so Jackson was taunted for the rest of his life

00:04:07.140 for the technical bigamy of his marriage.

00:04:11.720 But his reputation really makes a national prominence

00:04:17.480 with his success in the War of 1812.

00:04:20.560 First, he defeated the Creek Nation in Alabama, 1.00

00:04:24.580 which had acted as a proxy of the British Empire in the West.

00:04:29.360 He conquers most of Alabama

00:04:31.700 through his success in the Creek War.

00:04:34.640 And then he moves on to Pensacola and New Orleans,

00:04:38.300 finally defeating the British expeditionary force

00:04:42.320 in New Orleans in one of the most lopsided

00:04:44.420 and total victories in American military history.

00:04:48.200 The British losing over 2,000,

00:04:51.800 including two generals dead on the field

00:04:54.220 and Jackson only losing a few dead

00:04:57.600 and a few wounded, less than 20 in total.

00:05:01.780 So this was what propelled Jackson onto the national stage.

00:05:06.000 There were very few leaders in the War of 1812

00:05:09.160 that could point to creditable action during the war.

00:05:13.660 And Jackson becomes a name spoken by every American

00:05:19.500 reflecting on that history.

00:05:21.620 So he's put into national politics at that point.

00:05:25.920 He actually loses his first presidential campaign.

00:05:29.840 But by 1828, we'd seen the ascension

00:05:33.740 of two fascinating and dynamic presidents,

00:05:37.700 James Monroe and John Quincy Adams,

00:05:40.660 James Monroe was looking back on the inability

00:05:53.760 of Americans to defend their own coastline

00:05:57.240 in the War of 1812.

00:05:59.760 The British had occupied parts of Long Island.

00:06:03.400 They had burned towns in Connecticut.

00:06:05.640 They had invaded parts of Maine.

00:06:09.660 And obviously, they also penetrated the Chesapeake Bay,

00:06:13.620 bombarding Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor

00:06:16.540 and invading and taking Washington, D.C.,

00:06:21.200 burning the Capitol and the White House

00:06:23.360 and making President Madison a refugee

00:06:26.940 with no seat of government in the last year of the war.

00:06:31.200 This was a colossal humiliation.

00:06:35.720 And so James Monroe had a mandate

00:06:38.480 to make sure that would never happen again.

00:06:42.260 He began a massive fortress-building campaign

00:06:45.440 and greatly expanded the size of the United States Navy.

00:06:50.700 After James Monroe,

00:06:52.240 we have the very interesting single term

00:06:55.780 of John Quincy Adams,

00:06:57.560 the son of our second president, John Adams,

00:07:01.220 a highly educated man,

00:07:04.240 a man of great imagination,

00:07:06.600 but obviously a man of the Hamiltonian persuasion.

00:07:11.340 He believed that the clauses of the Constitution,

00:07:15.940 that the federal government had power

00:07:18.020 to do what was in the general welfare

00:07:21.000 and to do what they saw as necessary and proper,

00:07:27.660 both contentious clauses

00:07:30.280 that lent themselves to different interpretations,

00:07:34.760 John Quincy Adams believed was licensed

00:07:38.120 to really any kind of government expansion

00:07:41.420 he thought would be beneficial in some way.

00:07:44.940 He proposed a national observatory

00:07:47.920 to hire all the clever people from New England

00:07:51.300 to gaze at the stars.

00:07:54.160 Obviously, this has an element of public interest,

00:07:57.920 the navigation of the seas being a great public good,

00:08:01.820 but not something mentioned in the Constitution.

00:08:04.840 He suggested a national university,

00:08:07.300 where certainly he would hire

00:08:08.920 all of his clever colleagues from Harvard days

00:08:11.540 to patronize.

00:08:15.220 He suggested a national laboratory,

00:08:17.740 where anyone with an interesting focus

00:08:22.580 could come and do inventions,

00:08:25.320 find inventions to benefit the whole of humanity,

00:08:29.680 in the words of John Quincy Adams.

00:08:33.880 He greatly expands the civil service

00:08:36.520 during his tenure,

00:08:37.960 and he pitches all these ideas

00:08:40.260 that don't really go anywhere in his time.

00:08:43.280 But the burdens of those policies

00:08:45.860 greatly increased the national debt.

00:08:48.560 Another brainchild of Alexander Hamilton

00:08:51.240 and his expansive view of government

00:08:54.080 and his vision for a government

00:08:57.760 that protects domestic industry.

00:09:00.820 He wanted government policies

00:09:03.040 that protect industry with tariffs

00:09:05.820 and use the proceeds

00:09:08.060 of those protective tariffs

00:09:09.380 to build infrastructure

00:09:10.920 to amplify the competitive quality

00:09:15.180 of American business.

00:09:17.900 These are the issues of the time,

00:09:21.200 and the response to them

00:09:22.940 had come from Thomas Jefferson

00:09:25.020 and his disciples,

00:09:26.480 who ultimately, Andrew Jackson,

00:09:29.840 comes to represent.

00:09:30.980 He is elected in 1828,

00:09:34.820 where we see a sharp division

00:09:37.440 between the seats of political power

00:09:41.440 in the country.

00:09:43.360 The North Seaboard states,

00:09:46.460 New England and New York City,

00:09:49.220 vote for John Quincy Adams

00:09:51.060 for a second term.

00:09:53.260 The whole South

00:09:54.780 and also the burgeoning Western states

00:09:57.640 vote for Jackson. 0.95

00:09:59.280 And so we see this split

00:10:02.100 between the city element,

00:10:04.860 the mercantile and industrial element,

00:10:07.560 who are supportive

00:10:08.560 of the Hamiltonian policies

00:10:10.900 they see with John Quincy Adams,

00:10:13.620 and we see the more Jeffersonian

00:10:18.020 laissez-faire element

00:10:19.940 in the South, in the West,

00:10:22.500 overwhelmingly agricultural,

00:10:25.260 supporting Jackson,

00:10:26.360 their great hero

00:10:27.780 from the War of 1812.

00:10:30.280 So early on here

00:10:32.120 in American history,

00:10:33.840 and guys,

00:10:34.300 just want to let you know

00:10:34.940 this is pre-recorded.

00:10:36.200 I'm traveling,

00:10:37.040 so we cannot take questions today.

00:10:40.020 So I appreciate your super chats,

00:10:41.840 but just want to let you know

00:10:42.560 we won't be able to answer them

00:10:43.860 live in today's broadcast.

00:10:46.060 But here early on

00:10:47.700 in American history,

00:10:48.980 we see this tension

00:10:51.140 that exists between

00:10:52.320 the urban and the rural,

00:10:53.980 the North and more of the South, 0.64

00:10:57.440 those who are interested

00:10:59.100 in consolidating power,

00:11:01.540 expanding territory,

00:11:03.060 building shipping lanes,

00:11:04.700 creating a domestic

00:11:05.980 manufacturing industry,

00:11:07.620 and those that are more agrarian

00:11:09.800 who would not benefit

00:11:11.280 from something like

00:11:12.160 a trade, a tariff system.

00:11:14.400 And so these very elements

00:11:16.900 that we can still feel

00:11:18.260 the echoes of today

00:11:19.340 that we felt through

00:11:20.060 probably the Civil War

00:11:21.180 and up until even

00:11:22.720 probably the modern tension

00:11:24.520 between Trump

00:11:25.460 and our current elites,

00:11:26.940 those seeds of conflict

00:11:28.880 in kind of our American identity

00:11:30.680 reach all the way back

00:11:32.300 to the election of Jackson.

00:11:35.920 Indeed.

00:11:37.620 And they're quite evident

00:11:39.500 still today,

00:11:40.300 especially the elites,

00:11:43.160 the establishment elites,

00:11:44.280 who we see really making a play

00:11:46.240 in this contentious election

00:11:48.480 of 1828.

00:11:50.860 The journalist class

00:11:52.880 plays a very special role

00:11:55.140 in this election.

00:11:56.840 It is a very bitter election.

00:12:00.080 It's ironic

00:12:00.840 that John Quincy Adams,

00:12:03.700 who was Andrew Jackson's

00:12:06.340 great friend

00:12:07.380 in the Monroe administration,

00:12:10.160 he actually was very supportive

00:12:12.380 of Andrew Jackson

00:12:13.580 in Jackson's impudent invasion

00:12:16.920 of Spanish-held Florida

00:12:18.540 in 1817.

00:12:20.060 He rallied to Jackson

00:12:21.740 and backed him to the hilt.

00:12:24.280 It's ironic they had

00:12:25.280 such a bad falling out.

00:12:27.660 But in the 28th election,

00:12:29.460 it was considered

00:12:30.020 to be a very bad form

00:12:31.720 for a candidate for office,

00:12:34.060 for the president's office,

00:12:35.500 to campaign,

00:12:37.040 to make public speeches.

00:12:39.360 And so Adams and Jackson

00:12:41.660 relied on their journalist surrogates

00:12:44.380 to promote their candidacy.

00:12:48.820 The journalists went to

00:12:51.100 very low means

00:12:53.420 to combat their opponents.

00:12:55.980 And Adams's journalists,

00:12:58.560 the establishment city journalists

00:13:00.900 of the Northeast,

00:13:02.640 attacked Jackson

00:13:03.820 as a barbarous brute

00:13:06.640 from the frontier,

00:13:08.040 an unlettered

00:13:09.880 and disgusting

00:13:12.200 sort of man.

00:13:13.360 They also attacked

00:13:14.560 his wife

00:13:15.400 very mercilessly,

00:13:18.540 especially given

00:13:19.660 the circumstances

00:13:20.520 of their marriage.

00:13:21.800 That was all brought out

00:13:22.960 and discussed

00:13:24.040 over dinner tables

00:13:25.160 across the country.

00:13:27.180 And this caused

00:13:28.180 Jackson's wife

00:13:29.280 to despair

00:13:30.860 and be extremely anxious.

00:13:34.820 She suffered very much

00:13:36.460 from all of this talk

00:13:37.780 and dies

00:13:39.120 only a few months

00:13:40.420 before Jackson

00:13:41.380 takes office.

00:13:43.260 So Jackson

00:13:44.140 blames Adams

00:13:46.220 and his supporters

00:13:47.320 for the death

00:13:48.280 of his wife.

00:13:49.520 He's inaugurated

00:13:50.680 while in mourning.

00:13:52.680 He's famously dressed

00:13:53.760 in black

00:13:54.340 for his inauguration

00:13:55.500 and says,

00:13:57.860 God may forgive them,

00:13:59.900 but I won't

00:14:01.040 about the journalists

00:14:02.940 in particular.

00:14:03.760 So the shrill tone

00:14:07.320 of electoral politics

00:14:09.480 in the newspapers

00:14:10.560 is an important note there.

00:14:13.320 Jackson takes office

00:14:14.600 to a massive

00:14:18.020 cheering crowd.

00:14:19.940 His supporters

00:14:20.600 are mostly

00:14:21.960 the farmers

00:14:23.200 from the South

00:14:24.440 and the West.

00:14:25.560 They travel

00:14:26.300 great distances

00:14:27.200 to see his inauguration.

00:14:29.700 And these were the days

00:14:30.760 when a private citizen

00:14:32.440 could get admittance

00:14:33.620 to the White House.

00:14:35.820 Jackson is inaugurated.

00:14:37.640 Everyone waits

00:14:38.480 with bated breath

00:14:39.380 what he will say

00:14:40.340 in his inaugural address

00:14:41.660 because he hasn't given

00:14:43.660 any public statements

00:14:45.020 of policy.

00:14:46.560 He is a Democrat,

00:14:48.260 which means

00:14:48.820 that he's allied

00:14:49.720 with Thomas Jefferson's

00:14:51.520 ideas

00:14:52.140 of the Constitution

00:14:53.400 and a more agrarian vision

00:14:55.860 of the economy,

00:14:57.100 but no one knows

00:14:58.220 what he will say.

00:15:00.260 And he announces

00:15:01.200 his policy there.

00:15:02.200 But the inaugural party

00:15:04.860 is lambasted

00:15:06.660 by the media

00:15:07.500 as the reign

00:15:09.160 of King Mob,

00:15:11.380 enthusiastic farmers

00:15:13.440 from rustic parts.

00:15:16.160 They come into

00:15:16.900 the White House.

00:15:17.860 They stand

00:15:18.900 on the furniture

00:15:19.740 and dirty it

00:15:21.460 with their muddy boots.

00:15:22.880 They drink

00:15:23.560 too much punch

00:15:24.540 and are raucous

00:15:27.780 and disruptive.

00:15:30.780 And Jackson actually

00:15:32.140 escapes out the back door

00:15:34.100 to go and spend

00:15:35.520 his first night

00:15:36.440 as president

00:15:37.380 in a private house.

00:15:40.100 But this is

00:15:41.920 mocked across the media

00:15:44.140 as a sign

00:15:45.880 of the low quality

00:15:47.840 of Jackson's supporters

00:15:49.440 that all

00:15:51.200 of these

00:15:51.720 uneducated

00:15:53.120 ruffians 1.00

00:15:54.120 are taking over

00:15:55.460 the federal government

00:15:56.660 of who knows

00:15:58.160 what they're going

00:15:58.820 to do to it.

00:16:00.440 We had

00:16:01.360 this highly educated

00:16:03.020 man as president

00:16:04.140 just before Jackson,

00:16:06.040 John Quincy Adams,

00:16:07.220 who's probably

00:16:08.360 one of the more

00:16:09.900 capable intellectuals

00:16:11.560 we've ever had

00:16:12.440 in the White House,

00:16:13.560 had his degree

00:16:14.420 from Harvard,

00:16:15.480 saw many years

00:16:16.540 of foreign service,

00:16:17.720 spoke a half-dozen

00:16:19.460 languages,

00:16:20.760 a very imaginative

00:16:21.960 guy,

00:16:22.380 whatever else

00:16:23.200 you might say

00:16:23.680 about him.

00:16:24.780 And now we have

00:16:25.760 this man

00:16:26.260 who has no

00:16:27.140 formal education

00:16:28.280 and his supporters

00:16:30.320 are all of these

00:16:31.820 barbarous farmers

00:16:33.260 from distant parts.

00:16:35.480 What will become

00:16:36.500 of our national

00:16:37.820 organizations,

00:16:39.380 our civil service

00:16:40.300 and the like?

00:16:41.440 So it's not

00:16:42.420 hard to see

00:16:43.640 the parallels here,

00:16:44.740 I think,

00:16:45.280 probably for a lot

00:16:45.960 of people

00:16:46.380 between

00:16:47.380 the current

00:16:48.540 understanding

00:16:49.700 you have Trump

00:16:50.260 coming in

00:16:50.940 after Barack Obama

00:16:52.960 and that contrast

00:16:54.640 and how crazy

00:16:56.120 that drives

00:16:56.840 the left

00:16:57.740 because we had

00:16:59.060 this college

00:17:00.680 professor

00:17:01.320 and this community

00:17:02.260 organizer

00:17:02.820 and he was educated

00:17:04.680 and he came

00:17:05.320 from the right class

00:17:06.300 and he used

00:17:06.820 the right words

00:17:07.540 and his supporters

00:17:08.600 were well-heeled

00:17:10.920 and now

00:17:11.640 here's Trump

00:17:12.480 with his basket

00:17:13.400 of deplorables,

00:17:14.640 truck drivers

00:17:15.620 and car dealership

00:17:17.580 owners

00:17:18.060 and all these

00:17:20.260 unwashed masses

00:17:21.600 of average

00:17:23.040 working people

00:17:24.040 who are suddenly

00:17:24.920 backing him

00:17:26.060 without any kind

00:17:26.820 of degrees

00:17:27.400 or understanding.

00:17:29.120 You can feel

00:17:29.720 a very similar energy

00:17:30.640 even down to

00:17:31.500 extremely hostile

00:17:33.080 journalists

00:17:34.000 trying to

00:17:34.900 smear the wife. 1.00

00:17:36.160 I was actually

00:17:36.760 at Andrew Jackson's

00:17:38.060 hermitage

00:17:38.560 not that long ago

00:17:39.580 and so just

00:17:40.840 the stories

00:17:41.500 the tragic story

00:17:42.600 about his wife

00:17:43.300 is very terrible

00:17:44.720 but yeah

00:17:45.460 it's not hard

00:17:46.760 to again

00:17:47.880 see kind of

00:17:48.520 those class

00:17:49.260 conflict parallels

00:17:50.400 that once again

00:17:52.220 are manifesting

00:17:52.840 themselves

00:17:53.260 in our modern

00:17:53.880 politics.

00:17:55.220 Indeed

00:17:55.940 it's an amusing

00:17:57.420 comparison.

00:17:59.660 Well

00:17:59.920 in Jackson's

00:18:01.280 inaugural address

00:18:02.580 he pleases

00:18:04.340 his supporters

00:18:05.520 greatly

00:18:06.080 by identifying

00:18:07.920 corruption

00:18:08.900 in the civil

00:18:09.900 service

00:18:10.560 as a major

00:18:12.220 issue

00:18:12.760 and focus

00:18:13.520 for his

00:18:14.220 administration.

00:18:15.620 He does not

00:18:17.060 like the

00:18:18.220 establishment

00:18:19.220 of a federal

00:18:21.240 corporation

00:18:21.940 in the Bank

00:18:23.080 of the United

00:18:23.720 States.

00:18:24.820 Now this was

00:18:26.040 proposed originally

00:18:27.260 by Alexander

00:18:28.240 Hamilton

00:18:28.720 because of

00:18:30.280 his expansive

00:18:31.680 interpretation

00:18:32.540 of the

00:18:34.040 General Welfare

00:18:34.920 Clause

00:18:35.440 and the

00:18:36.120 Necessary

00:18:36.740 and Proper

00:18:37.200 Clause.

00:18:38.460 He said

00:18:38.800 this is

00:18:40.160 enough of a

00:18:41.300 justification

00:18:41.740 to do something

00:18:42.840 that will be

00:18:43.800 advantageous

00:18:44.940 to business

00:18:45.900 operations

00:18:46.600 and manufacturing

00:18:47.620 in America.

00:18:49.540 A federally

00:18:50.240 chartered

00:18:50.840 corporation

00:18:51.440 that will be

00:18:52.500 the official

00:18:53.240 repository

00:18:53.900 of U.S.

00:18:55.220 Treasury

00:18:55.640 funds.

00:18:57.040 That gives

00:18:57.800 this private

00:18:59.100 bank

00:18:59.680 it has

00:19:00.720 the name

00:19:01.240 Bank of

00:19:01.680 the United

00:19:02.080 States.

00:19:03.420 The federal

00:19:04.020 government does

00:19:04.900 own shares

00:19:05.720 in it

00:19:06.220 but it is

00:19:07.200 a privately

00:19:07.820 run institution

00:19:08.860 with special

00:19:10.700 privileges.

00:19:12.480 They have

00:19:12.880 the special

00:19:13.680 privilege of

00:19:15.040 having the

00:19:16.040 deposit of

00:19:16.680 the treasury

00:19:17.140 funds

00:19:17.680 and that

00:19:18.680 creates a

00:19:19.520 large pool

00:19:20.200 of credit

00:19:20.780 which they

00:19:21.840 can lend

00:19:22.300 out to

00:19:22.960 the federal

00:19:23.380 government

00:19:23.900 for deficit

00:19:26.120 spending

00:19:26.760 and also

00:19:28.300 to private

00:19:29.020 businesses

00:19:29.560 to expand

00:19:31.000 the industrial

00:19:32.220 capacity

00:19:32.820 of America.

00:19:34.440 That was

00:19:34.920 Hamilton's

00:19:35.560 idea

00:19:35.880 and the

00:19:37.300 Bank of

00:19:38.040 the United

00:19:38.400 States

00:19:38.940 consolidated

00:19:40.100 all of

00:19:41.180 the state

00:19:41.660 debts

00:19:42.240 in our

00:19:43.540 early

00:19:44.100 independence

00:19:44.700 into the

00:19:45.900 national debt

00:19:46.880 which George

00:19:48.340 Washington

00:19:48.840 officiates over.

00:19:49.960 George

00:19:50.120 Washington

00:19:50.520 actually created

00:19:51.400 that debt

00:19:51.940 in a way

00:19:52.920 to bind

00:19:53.840 all the

00:19:54.240 states

00:19:54.540 together

00:19:55.040 because they

00:19:55.980 have a

00:19:56.200 common

00:19:56.540 they have

00:19:57.800 a common

00:19:58.100 benefactor

00:19:58.640 now in

00:19:59.040 the federal

00:19:59.500 government.

00:20:01.460 Because this

00:20:01.640 also created

00:20:02.280 Shade's 0.56

00:20:02.640 rebellion

00:20:02.980 when they

00:20:03.580 were attempting

00:20:03.980 to pay out

00:20:04.320 their individual

00:20:04.840 state.

00:20:05.820 That's correct?

00:20:07.820 Yes, that's

00:20:08.400 related to it

00:20:09.160 but that's

00:20:09.560 before the

00:20:10.260 Philadelphia

00:20:10.740 Constitution

00:20:11.360 and it's

00:20:11.980 one of the

00:20:12.440 incentives

00:20:12.820 to reform

00:20:14.000 the Constitution

00:20:14.780 at Philadelphia.

00:20:16.600 But Andrew

00:20:17.700 Jackson says

00:20:18.360 in his

00:20:18.680 inaugural

00:20:19.000 address

00:20:19.460 corruption

00:20:20.860 in some

00:20:21.760 and perversion

00:20:22.880 of correct

00:20:23.660 feelings

00:20:24.300 divert

00:20:25.280 government

00:20:25.860 from its

00:20:26.460 legitimate

00:20:26.900 ends

00:20:27.380 and make

00:20:28.400 it an

00:20:28.760 engine

00:20:29.180 for the

00:20:29.920 support

00:20:30.380 of the

00:20:30.880 few

00:20:31.340 at the

00:20:32.200 expense

00:20:32.780 of the

00:20:33.360 many.

00:20:34.820 So

00:20:34.980 Jackson

00:20:35.440 is identifying

00:20:36.500 this special

00:20:37.860 interest

00:20:38.560 that has been

00:20:39.160 patronized

00:20:39.880 by the

00:20:40.300 federal

00:20:40.500 government

00:20:40.920 and in

00:20:42.020 particular

00:20:42.500 the

00:20:43.080 civil

00:20:43.400 service

00:20:44.020 which

00:20:44.960 Jackson's

00:20:45.720 supporters

00:20:46.220 have

00:20:47.000 identified

00:20:47.560 as a

00:20:48.640 center

00:20:48.900 for

00:20:49.320 federal

00:20:49.720 corruption

00:20:50.280 of

00:20:51.480 people

00:20:52.380 that are

00:20:53.200 connected

00:20:53.740 to

00:20:54.160 previous

00:20:54.600 administrations

00:20:55.400 have

00:20:55.620 gotten

00:20:55.880 themselves

00:20:56.520 easy

00:20:57.380 jobs

00:20:57.980 sinecures

00:20:58.820 in the

00:20:59.460 federal

00:20:59.660 government

00:21:00.060 and the

00:21:01.420 press

00:21:02.000 the

00:21:02.620 democrat

00:21:03.080 press

00:21:03.700 is full

00:21:05.040 of stories

00:21:05.780 at this

00:21:06.260 time

00:21:06.580 of people

00:21:07.440 given

00:21:08.160 make work

00:21:09.100 sorts of

00:21:09.680 jobs

00:21:10.080 as a

00:21:10.660 political

00:21:11.000 reward

00:21:11.620 or

00:21:12.580 in fact

00:21:13.940 being

00:21:15.040 corrupt

00:21:15.640 influences

00:21:16.320 in the

00:21:16.940 federal

00:21:17.140 administration

00:21:17.820 taking

00:21:18.860 materials

00:21:20.500 that are

00:21:21.040 meant

00:21:21.340 for

00:21:21.720 some

00:21:22.000 federal

00:21:22.280 bureaucracy

00:21:22.800 and

00:21:23.080 using

00:21:23.340 it

00:21:23.520 for

00:21:23.660 private

00:21:23.980 use

00:21:24.320 showing

00:21:25.180 up

00:21:25.420 at

00:21:25.540 their

00:21:25.680 job

00:21:26.000 and

00:21:26.180 doing

00:21:26.380 nothing

00:21:26.660 but

00:21:26.900 reading

00:21:27.200 novels

00:21:27.700 or

00:21:28.500 not

00:21:28.760 even

00:21:29.000 showing

00:21:29.340 up

00:21:29.660 and

00:21:30.840 so

00:21:31.020 Jackson

00:21:31.460 has

00:21:32.200 a

00:21:32.360 mandate

00:21:32.680 from

00:21:33.320 his

00:21:33.540 election

00:21:33.960 to

00:21:34.660 investigate

00:21:35.400 to

00:21:36.160 audit

00:21:36.760 the

00:21:37.660 civil

00:21:37.900 service

00:21:38.420 which

00:21:39.340 he

00:21:39.560 starts

00:21:40.040 he

00:21:41.540 appoints

00:21:42.200 in his

00:21:42.720 cabinet

00:21:43.120 one

00:21:43.540 Amos

00:21:44.160 Kendall 0.91

00:21:44.700 from

00:21:46.340 Kentucky

00:21:46.860 his

00:21:47.740 secretary

00:21:48.160 of the

00:21:48.520 treasury

00:21:48.900 who

00:21:49.620 announces

00:21:50.280 audits

00:21:51.020 of the

00:21:51.340 civil

00:21:51.560 service

00:21:52.060 and

00:21:53.400 discovers

00:21:54.300 all

00:21:54.920 kinds

00:21:55.240 of

00:21:55.400 corruption

00:21:55.940 Kendall 0.91

00:21:57.240 says

00:21:57.760 our

00:21:58.600 investigations

00:21:59.300 into the

00:21:59.880 conduct

00:22:00.320 of the

00:22:00.800 men

00:22:01.020 lately

00:22:01.360 in

00:22:01.560 office

00:22:01.900 are

00:22:02.340 so

00:22:02.700 important

00:22:03.180 the

00:22:03.940 government

00:22:04.260 may

00:22:04.760 recover

00:22:05.240 the

00:22:05.520 money

00:22:05.820 out of

00:22:06.240 which

00:22:06.480 it

00:22:06.700 has

00:22:06.940 been

00:22:07.140 cheated

00:22:07.520 and

00:22:09.560 under

00:22:09.960 Kendall's

00:22:10.620 administration

00:22:11.440 in the

00:22:11.960 treasury

00:22:12.380 historians

00:22:14.080 estimate

00:22:14.680 that

00:22:15.280 between

00:22:15.940 somewhere

00:22:17.220 around

00:22:17.600 one

00:22:17.960 in

00:22:18.140 seven

00:22:18.640 federal

00:22:19.200 bureaucrats

00:22:19.960 are

00:22:20.360 dismissed

00:22:20.800 from

00:22:21.080 office

00:22:21.480 so

00:22:22.920 he

00:22:23.120 culls

00:22:23.640 the

00:22:23.820 civil

00:22:24.080 service

00:22:24.560 he

00:22:26.100 also

00:22:26.440 announces

00:22:27.100 that

00:22:28.060 he

00:22:28.440 intends

00:22:29.020 to

00:22:29.240 pay

00:22:29.520 off

00:22:29.900 the

00:22:30.260 national

00:22:30.640 debt

00:22:31.020 and

00:22:32.120 indeed

00:22:32.580 he

00:22:33.080 is

00:22:33.380 the

00:22:33.580 only

00:22:33.900 president

00:22:34.400 in

00:22:34.840 our

00:22:34.980 history

00:22:35.320 to

00:22:35.600 do

00:22:35.800 so

00:22:36.140 he

00:22:36.820 retires

00:22:37.480 the

00:22:37.700 national

00:22:38.080 debt

00:22:38.420 and

00:22:39.340 also

00:22:39.920 vetoes

00:22:41.200 the

00:22:41.620 charter

00:22:42.040 or

00:22:42.840 the

00:22:43.020 recharter

00:22:43.620 for

00:22:44.220 the

00:22:44.740 single

00:22:45.160 federal

00:22:45.580 corporation

00:22:46.280 in the

00:22:46.840 country

00:22:47.200 the

00:22:47.880 bank

00:22:48.160 of

00:22:48.400 the

00:22:48.540 United

00:22:48.840 States

00:23:06.140 switch

00:23:06.860 switch

00:23:07.060 and

00:23:07.360 get

00:23:07.500 up

00:23:07.620 to

00:23:07.760 55,000

00:23:08.660 Avion

00:23:08.960 points

00:23:09.340 that

00:23:09.740 never

00:23:10.120 expire

00:23:10.580 your

00:23:11.480 idea

00:23:11.780 of

00:23:11.940 never

00:23:12.100 missing

00:23:12.360 out

00:23:12.640 happens

00:23:13.340 here

00:23:13.660 conditions

00:23:14.640 apply

00:23:15.040 visit

00:23:15.600 rbc.com

00:23:16.760 slash

00:23:17.260 Avion

00:23:17.880 he's

00:23:21.420 so

00:23:21.520 this

00:23:21.660 is

00:23:21.820 almost

00:23:22.140 a

00:23:22.460 fusion

00:23:23.100 of

00:23:23.660 the

00:23:23.980 kind

00:23:24.260 of

00:23:24.460 doge

00:23:25.260 mandate

00:23:25.820 Elon

00:23:26.220 Musk 0.77

00:23:26.580 agenda

00:23:27.120 of

00:23:27.680 cutting

00:23:28.200 the

00:23:28.400 deep

00:23:28.620 state

00:23:28.920 looking

00:23:29.240 for

00:23:29.700 those

00:23:30.020 bureaucracies

00:23:30.940 and

00:23:31.420 spending

00:23:31.840 and

00:23:32.700 the

00:23:32.960 dream

00:23:33.160 of

00:23:33.320 many

00:23:33.600 libertarians

00:23:34.480 or

00:23:34.760 Rand

00:23:35.720 Paul

00:23:36.000 acolytes

00:23:36.660 of

00:23:36.840 ending

00:23:37.340 the

00:23:37.600 Fed

00:23:37.860 it's

00:23:38.100 almost

00:23:38.700 a

00:23:38.880 one

00:23:39.060 two

00:23:39.260 punch 0.96

00:23:39.680 of

00:23:39.880 what

00:23:40.380 a

00:23:40.520 lot

00:23:40.640 of

00:23:40.720 the

00:23:40.840 populist

00:23:41.280 reformers

00:23:41.760 would

00:23:41.880 like

00:23:42.040 to

00:23:42.160 do

00:23:42.260 today

00:23:42.640 indeed

00:23:44.100 Jackson

00:23:45.240 reforms

00:23:46.560 the

00:23:47.160 civil

00:23:47.420 service

00:23:47.960 while

00:23:48.580 he is

00:23:48.920 in

00:23:49.040 office

00:23:49.400 and

00:23:50.420 is

00:23:50.800 more

00:23:51.320 infamous

00:23:51.820 among

00:23:52.260 the

00:23:52.480 historians

00:23:53.060 for

00:23:53.960 creating

00:23:54.760 what

00:23:55.180 they

00:23:55.380 call

00:23:55.740 the

00:23:56.100 spoils

00:23:56.680 system

00:23:57.300 where

00:23:58.100 the

00:23:58.520 new

00:23:58.720 president

00:23:59.160 can

00:23:59.640 choose

00:24:00.100 his

00:24:00.400 own

00:24:00.640 bureaucrats

00:24:01.400 that

00:24:02.620 was

00:24:02.880 particularly

00:24:03.460 because

00:24:04.360 Jackson

00:24:05.120 comes

00:24:05.540 into

00:24:05.800 office

00:24:06.260 with

00:24:06.860 an

00:24:07.020 administration

00:24:07.680 full

00:24:08.280 of

00:24:08.620 Adams

00:24:09.040 appointees

00:24:10.060 who

00:24:10.860 are

00:24:11.120 unwilling

00:24:11.580 to

00:24:11.900 cooperate

00:24:12.360 with

00:24:12.760 his

00:24:12.960 administration

00:24:13.640 and

00:24:14.700 so

00:24:14.900 Jackson

00:24:15.360 begins

00:24:15.880 switching

00:24:16.540 them

00:24:16.840 out

00:24:17.220 for

00:24:17.820 his

00:24:18.280 own

00:24:18.680 supporters

00:24:19.620 and

00:24:20.900 that

00:24:21.100 is

00:24:21.260 the

00:24:21.440 start

00:24:21.720 of

00:24:21.960 a

00:24:22.180 long

00:24:22.700 lived

00:24:22.980 phenomenon

00:24:23.440 in

00:24:24.160 the

00:24:24.360 American

00:24:24.640 civil

00:24:24.960 service

00:24:25.320 what's

00:24:25.600 called

00:24:25.760 the

00:24:25.940 spoils

00:24:26.380 system

00:24:26.920 where

00:24:27.480 the

00:24:27.620 president

00:24:27.980 puts

00:24:28.460 his

00:24:28.640 own

00:24:28.820 people

00:24:29.220 into

00:24:29.660 the

00:24:29.880 bureaucracy

00:24:30.380 the

00:24:32.660 resistance

00:24:34.380 of

00:24:35.040 the

00:24:35.660 Adams

00:24:36.020 supporters

00:24:36.720 is

00:24:38.100 an

00:24:38.640 interesting

00:24:39.100 feature

00:24:39.580 there

00:24:39.920 we

00:24:40.720 were

00:24:41.260 well

00:24:41.600 aware

00:24:41.900 that

00:24:42.240 the

00:24:42.440 federal

00:24:42.680 bureaucracy

00:24:43.080 today

00:24:43.800 has

00:24:44.580 been

00:24:45.020 crowing

00:24:46.140 in

00:24:46.740 journalism

00:24:47.500 in

00:24:48.420 Trump's

00:24:49.080 first

00:24:49.380 administration

00:24:50.040 of all

00:24:50.700 the

00:24:50.840 different

00:24:51.060 ways

00:24:51.480 that

00:24:51.720 they

00:24:51.920 subverted

00:24:52.500 executive

00:24:53.120 policy

00:24:53.780 though

00:24:54.440 they

00:24:54.640 were

00:24:54.940 mere

00:24:55.360 civil

00:24:55.720 servants

00:24:56.280 and

00:24:56.540 not

00:24:56.900 elected

00:24:57.300 officials

00:24:57.920 jack

00:25:00.940 jackson

00:25:01.160 as i

00:25:01.720 said

00:25:01.960 he

00:25:02.140 vetoes

00:25:02.880 the

00:25:03.080 charter

00:25:03.460 for

00:25:04.400 the

00:25:04.680 bank

00:25:04.900 of

00:25:05.000 the

00:25:05.100 united

00:25:05.380 states

00:25:05.940 congress

00:25:07.020 does

00:25:07.440 have

00:25:07.820 enough

00:25:08.220 support

00:25:08.680 to

00:25:08.920 recharter

00:25:09.680 this

00:25:10.280 federal

00:25:10.560 corporation

00:25:11.260 but

00:25:12.460 jackson

00:25:13.140 has

00:25:13.520 taken

00:25:14.040 away

00:25:14.520 some

00:25:15.040 of

00:25:15.180 its

00:25:15.360 influence

00:25:16.420 by

00:25:16.900 paying

00:25:17.500 down

00:25:17.880 the

00:25:18.080 national

00:25:18.480 debt

00:25:18.900 and

00:25:19.900 also

00:25:20.280 cutting

00:25:20.700 taxes

00:25:21.300 along

00:25:21.780 the

00:25:21.960 way

00:25:22.240 reducing

00:25:23.860 federal

00:25:24.440 spending

00:25:25.000 by

00:25:25.700 reducing

00:25:26.280 the

00:25:26.620 size

00:25:27.020 of

00:25:27.640 the

00:25:28.120 civil

00:25:28.380 service

00:25:28.900 jackson

00:25:30.560 issues

00:25:31.120 a

00:25:31.400 veto

00:25:31.700 statement

00:25:32.280 about

00:25:33.160 the

00:25:33.560 bank

00:25:33.780 of

00:25:33.940 the

00:25:34.040 united

00:25:34.320 states

00:25:34.840 which

00:25:35.220 reveals

00:25:36.600 to us

00:25:37.280 his

00:25:37.780 thinking

00:25:38.560 you

00:25:39.500 remember

00:25:39.900 the

00:25:40.360 bank

00:25:40.560 of

00:25:40.660 the

00:25:40.720 united

00:25:40.980 states

00:25:41.440 is

00:25:41.920 set

00:25:42.140 up

00:25:42.320 by

00:25:42.480 this

00:25:42.720 expansive

00:25:43.460 view

00:25:44.020 of

00:25:44.340 federal

00:25:44.640 powers

00:25:45.280 coming

00:25:46.060 from

00:25:46.440 hamilton

00:25:47.140 back

00:25:47.840 in

00:25:48.080 washington's

00:25:48.760 administration

00:25:49.400 jackson

00:25:51.960 says

00:25:52.640 distinctions

00:25:54.040 in

00:25:54.600 society

00:25:55.300 will

00:25:56.100 always

00:25:56.680 exist

00:25:57.340 under

00:25:57.780 every

00:25:58.300 just

00:25:58.800 government

00:25:59.420 equality

00:26:00.640 of

00:26:01.100 talents

00:26:01.700 of

00:26:02.200 education

00:26:02.880 or of

00:26:03.620 wealth

00:26:03.980 cannot

00:26:04.660 be

00:26:05.080 produced

00:26:05.660 by

00:26:06.240 human

00:26:06.640 institutions

00:26:07.520 however

00:26:09.100 artificial

00:26:10.580 distinctions

00:26:11.900 that is

00:26:13.060 special

00:26:13.960 privileges

00:26:14.640 from

00:26:15.400 the

00:26:15.660 government

00:26:16.120 take

00:26:17.680 the

00:26:18.020 rich

00:26:18.460 richer

00:26:19.220 are

00:26:20.120 evil

00:26:20.900 and

00:26:22.680 this

00:26:22.940 is

00:26:23.160 his

00:26:23.340 justification

00:26:23.920 for

00:26:24.660 destroying

00:26:25.560 the

00:26:25.820 bank

00:26:26.060 of

00:26:26.200 the

00:26:26.300 united

00:26:26.540 states

00:26:27.120 withdrawing

00:26:28.000 its

00:26:28.180 federal

00:26:28.480 charter

00:26:28.940 causing

00:26:29.900 its

00:26:30.200 collapse

00:26:30.800 jackson

00:26:32.700 says

00:26:33.140 corporations

00:26:34.000 are

00:26:34.820 not

00:26:35.340 compatible

00:26:36.000 with

00:26:36.620 the

00:26:36.820 constitution

00:26:37.460 now

00:26:38.940 this

00:26:39.220 is

00:26:39.520 almost

00:26:40.880 unimaginable

00:26:41.800 for

00:26:42.100 us

00:26:42.440 the

00:26:43.940 power

00:26:44.460 to

00:26:44.640 charter

00:26:44.860 corporations

00:26:45.540 are

00:26:45.920 not

00:26:46.440 explicitly

00:26:47.200 stated

00:26:47.640 in the

00:26:47.920 constitution

00:26:48.440 though

00:26:48.720 they

00:26:48.900 have

00:26:49.140 been

00:26:49.320 backed

00:26:49.620 by

00:26:50.180 marshall's

00:26:50.960 supreme

00:26:51.340 court

00:26:51.720 at

00:26:52.360 this

00:26:52.560 time

00:26:52.900 jackson

00:26:54.160 is

00:26:54.300 not

00:26:54.500 relying

00:26:54.960 on

00:26:55.600 the

00:26:55.760 interpretation

00:26:56.280 of

00:26:56.760 marshall

00:26:57.240 here

00:26:57.700 he's

00:26:58.600 looking

00:26:58.880 just

00:26:59.260 straight 0.70

00:26:59.860 to

00:27:00.240 the

00:27:00.400 constitution

00:27:00.960 and

00:27:01.240 says

00:27:01.540 it's

00:27:02.160 not

00:27:02.380 there

00:27:02.680 i don't

00:27:03.580 recognize

00:27:04.000 it

00:27:04.420 therefore

00:27:04.920 i'm

00:27:05.340 getting

00:27:05.500 rid

00:27:05.720 of

00:27:05.820 it

00:27:06.060 jackson

00:27:10.380 jackson

00:27:10.500 jackson

00:27:10.520 is

00:27:10.940 quite

00:27:11.380 emphatic

00:27:12.040 in

00:27:12.660 his

00:27:12.800 opposition

00:27:13.320 to

00:27:13.720 the

00:27:13.900 government

00:27:14.400 sponsorship

00:27:15.180 of

00:27:15.600 private

00:27:16.040 business

00:27:16.620 interests

00:27:17.340 and

00:27:18.220 that

00:27:18.460 is

00:27:18.640 the

00:27:18.820 best

00:27:19.100 explanation

00:27:19.820 for

00:27:20.180 his

00:27:20.500 tactic

00:27:21.280 against

00:27:21.680 the

00:27:21.880 bank

00:27:22.200 so

00:27:24.620 we can

00:27:24.940 see

00:27:25.140 why

00:27:25.340 this

00:27:25.560 man

00:27:25.780 is

00:27:25.980 very

00:27:26.440 unpopular

00:27:27.120 among

00:27:27.860 the

00:27:28.180 modern

00:27:29.180 elites

00:27:29.980 and

00:27:30.200 modern

00:27:30.660 historians

00:27:31.260 indeed

00:27:32.560 yes

00:27:33.040 they

00:27:33.320 are

00:27:33.800 more

00:27:34.980 progressive

00:27:35.520 and

00:27:35.940 they

00:27:36.280 look at

00:27:36.780 the

00:27:36.960 government

00:27:37.260 setting

00:27:37.600 up

00:27:37.800 all

00:27:37.940 manner

00:27:38.180 of

00:27:38.440 institutions

00:27:39.360 or

00:27:39.860 sponsoring

00:27:40.820 all

00:27:41.140 sorts

00:27:41.460 of

00:27:41.620 business

00:27:41.960 interests

00:27:42.520 that's

00:27:43.660 the

00:27:44.060 base

00:27:44.360 of

00:27:44.540 their

00:27:44.700 power

00:27:45.140 and

00:27:45.520 patronage

00:27:46.100 so

00:27:47.900 thus far

00:27:48.480 we've

00:27:48.820 reviewed

00:27:49.460 he paid

00:27:50.260 off the

00:27:50.620 national

00:27:50.980 debt

00:27:51.300 he

00:27:51.700 reduced

00:27:52.140 the

00:27:52.380 civil

00:27:52.620 service

00:27:53.140 he

00:27:53.820 vetoes

00:27:54.920 the

00:27:55.260 recharter

00:27:55.740 for

00:27:55.940 the

00:27:56.080 bank

00:27:56.280 of

00:27:56.400 the

00:27:56.460 United

00:27:56.700 States

00:27:57.140 he

00:27:57.880 reduces

00:27:58.420 regulations

00:27:59.400 taxes

00:28:00.280 and

00:28:01.200 he

00:28:01.360 also

00:28:01.600 reduces

00:28:02.080 the

00:28:02.460 size

00:28:02.760 of

00:28:02.880 the

00:28:03.000 military

00:28:03.420 this

00:28:04.160 this

00:28:04.520 was

00:28:04.860 a

00:28:05.440 concern

00:28:06.120 when

00:28:07.040 Jackson

00:28:07.460 was

00:28:07.720 first

00:28:08.040 elected

00:28:08.480 his

00:28:09.420 reputation

00:28:10.160 is

00:28:10.720 built

00:28:11.080 on

00:28:11.560 his

00:28:11.900 pugnacious

00:28:12.840 and

00:28:13.900 daring

00:28:14.860 activities

00:28:15.580 as a

00:28:16.060 general

00:28:16.440 in

00:28:17.320 particular

00:28:17.920 risking

00:28:18.840 war

00:28:19.240 with

00:28:19.520 Spain

00:28:20.040 back

00:28:20.700 in

00:28:20.860 1817

00:28:21.860 by

00:28:22.760 chasing

00:28:23.300 the

00:28:23.880 red

00:28:24.180 sticks

00:28:24.660 the

00:28:25.360 Seminole

00:28:26.520 raiders

00:28:26.980 into

00:28:27.940 Florida

00:28:28.440 he

00:28:29.220 didn't

00:28:29.740 he

00:28:29.940 doesn't

00:28:30.240 capture

00:28:30.660 them

00:28:30.920 they

00:28:31.100 actually

00:28:31.520 outrun

00:28:32.140 him

00:28:32.500 but

00:28:33.540 he

00:28:33.720 goes

00:28:33.980 and

00:28:34.220 executes

00:28:34.940 British

00:28:35.480 arms

00:28:36.000 dealers

00:28:36.420 in

00:28:37.060 Florida

00:28:37.480 with

00:28:38.260 firing

00:28:38.900 the

00:28:39.160 firing

00:28:39.480 squad

00:28:40.000 giving

00:28:41.060 them

00:28:41.320 a

00:28:41.480 courts

00:28:41.700 marshal

00:28:42.140 and

00:28:42.360 such

00:28:42.600 and

00:28:44.540 this

00:28:44.900 ends

00:28:45.860 up

00:28:46.180 with

00:28:46.400 the

00:28:46.620 United

00:28:46.880 States

00:28:47.200 acquisition

00:28:47.780 of

00:28:48.060 Florida

00:28:48.320 Spain

00:28:48.660 decides

00:28:49.100 to

00:28:49.360 sell

00:28:49.640 Florida

00:28:50.080 rather

00:28:50.460 than

00:28:50.740 risk

00:28:51.100 it

00:28:52.800 being

00:28:53.040 invaded

00:28:53.440 again

00:28:53.820 by

00:28:54.100 Andrew

00:28:54.420 Jackson

00:28:54.880 but

00:28:56.880 everyone's

00:28:57.680 worried

00:28:57.960 that

00:28:58.160 Jackson

00:28:58.480 is

00:28:58.620 going

00:28:58.700 to

00:28:58.780 start

00:28:59.000 wars

00:28:59.420 with

00:28:59.680 America's

00:29:00.220 neighbors

00:29:00.520 because

00:29:01.060 he

00:29:01.580 seems

00:29:02.480 so

00:29:02.720 aggressive

00:29:03.180 from

00:29:04.020 his

00:29:04.320 experience

00:29:05.020 he

00:29:06.120 does

00:29:06.360 not

00:29:06.560 start

00:29:06.860 wars

00:29:07.260 in

00:29:07.600 fact

00:29:07.860 he

00:29:08.100 reduces

00:29:08.620 the

00:29:08.960 size

00:29:09.260 of

00:29:09.400 the

00:29:09.500 military

00:29:09.940 and

00:29:10.340 states

00:29:11.360 his

00:29:11.600 preference

00:29:12.140 for

00:29:12.420 the

00:29:12.600 volunteer

00:29:13.020 citizen

00:29:13.720 soldier

00:29:14.240 which

00:29:16.240 I

00:29:16.400 think

00:29:16.560 is

00:29:16.760 really

00:29:17.000 important

00:29:17.440 because

00:29:17.780 if

00:29:18.000 you

00:29:18.120 look

00:29:18.320 back

00:29:18.600 at

00:29:18.760 the

00:29:18.880 federalist

00:29:19.320 papers

00:29:19.700 you

00:29:19.940 can

00:29:20.100 see

00:29:20.360 that

00:29:20.540 one

00:29:20.660 of

00:29:20.720 the

00:29:20.800 ways

00:29:21.080 that

00:29:21.300 Hamilton

00:29:21.680 ends

00:29:22.620 up

00:29:22.860 convincing

00:29:23.460 people

00:29:23.960 that

00:29:24.260 the

00:29:24.420 states

00:29:24.920 need

00:29:25.100 to

00:29:25.220 turn

00:29:25.360 over

00:29:25.520 control

00:29:25.880 of

00:29:26.040 their

00:29:26.180 militias

00:29:26.680 is

00:29:27.220 acknowledging

00:29:27.780 that

00:29:28.380 standing

00:29:28.780 armies

00:29:29.160 are

00:29:29.360 deleterious

00:29:30.020 to

00:29:30.200 the

00:29:30.340 nature

00:29:30.620 of

00:29:31.040 republics

00:29:31.940 and

00:29:32.160 so

00:29:32.440 if

00:29:32.860 you

00:29:32.980 want

00:29:33.100 to

00:29:33.180 avoid

00:29:33.660 the

00:29:34.360 creation

00:29:35.300 of a

00:29:35.560 standing

00:29:35.760 military

00:29:36.160 then

00:29:36.480 you

00:29:36.700 need

00:29:36.920 to

00:29:37.020 make

00:29:37.160 sure

00:29:37.320 that

00:29:37.560 the

00:29:44.240 or

00:29:44.540 on

00:29:44.800 call

00:29:45.100 and

00:29:45.300 so

00:29:45.540 while

00:29:46.320 America

00:29:46.920 still

00:29:47.220 has

00:29:47.560 those

00:29:47.940 standing

00:29:48.460 forces

00:29:48.920 the

00:29:49.340 interest

00:29:49.860 in

00:29:50.020 reducing

00:29:50.420 these

00:29:50.840 along

00:29:51.160 with

00:29:51.520 reducing

00:29:52.180 taxes

00:29:53.040 reducing

00:29:53.940 reforming

00:29:54.980 the

00:29:55.140 bureaucracy

00:29:55.800 getting

00:29:56.460 rid

00:29:56.760 of

00:29:57.260 corporations

00:29:58.020 like

00:29:58.340 the

00:29:58.480 bank

00:29:58.700 these

00:29:59.140 are

00:29:59.280 all

00:29:59.540 moves

00:29:59.900 that

00:30:00.100 are

00:30:00.220 going

00:30:00.520 to

00:30:00.900 reduce

00:30:01.820 the

00:30:02.020 amount

00:30:02.220 of

00:30:02.380 centralization

00:30:03.260 the

00:30:03.680 growth

00:30:03.980 of

00:30:04.160 government

00:30:04.580 and

00:30:05.180 what

00:30:05.880 could

00:30:06.120 be

00:30:06.360 seen

00:30:06.720 as

00:30:07.000 dangers

00:30:07.500 to

00:30:07.840 the

00:30:07.980 long

00:30:08.260 term

00:30:08.620 understanding

00:30:09.460 of

00:30:09.680 America

00:30:10.060 as

00:30:10.480 a

00:30:10.680 functional

00:30:11.080 republic

00:30:11.600 absolutely

00:30:13.260 and

00:30:13.780 these

00:30:14.240 are

00:30:14.380 broadly

00:30:14.900 held

00:30:15.300 views

00:30:15.720 at

00:30:16.020 this

00:30:16.260 time

00:30:16.620 in

00:30:17.640 this

00:30:17.920 Jackson

00:30:18.420 is

00:30:18.700 not

00:30:19.080 outstanding

00:30:21.240 other

00:30:22.480 than

00:30:22.700 the

00:30:22.840 fact

00:30:23.100 that

00:30:23.320 he

00:30:23.500 acted

00:30:23.960 on

00:30:24.440 his

00:30:24.680 convictions

00:30:25.200 but

00:30:26.160 we

00:30:26.320 can

00:30:26.540 find

00:30:27.100 those

00:30:27.460 views

00:30:27.860 well

00:30:28.200 stated

00:30:28.620 in

00:30:28.920 George

00:30:29.380 Washington's

00:30:30.220 farewell

00:30:30.500 address

00:30:31.020 where

00:30:31.720 he

00:30:31.880 said

00:30:32.200 that

00:30:32.500 standing

00:30:33.240 armies

00:30:33.960 represent

00:30:34.960 a

00:30:35.480 risk

00:30:35.840 to

00:30:36.160 republican

00:30:36.780 liberty

00:30:37.300 because

00:30:37.940 they

00:30:38.300 constitute

00:30:38.860 a

00:30:39.440 particular

00:30:40.300 political

00:30:41.200 interest

00:30:41.880 they

00:30:42.160 will

00:30:42.520 influence

00:30:43.360 policy

00:30:44.280 just

00:30:44.960 by

00:30:45.140 their

00:30:45.320 presence

00:30:45.960 but

00:30:48.700 finally

00:30:49.700 well

00:30:50.420 I'll

00:30:50.820 give

00:30:51.020 you

00:30:51.800 a

00:30:52.060 curious

00:30:52.640 feature

00:30:53.040 from

00:30:53.340 Jackson

00:30:53.720 Jackson

00:30:54.120 is

00:30:54.600 known

00:30:54.880 for

00:30:55.240 his

00:30:56.000 many

00:30:56.400 engagements

00:30:57.100 in

00:30:57.480 personal

00:30:57.900 combat

00:30:58.420 he

00:30:58.880 fought

00:30:59.500 several

00:30:59.900 duels

00:31:00.400 and

00:31:00.600 even

00:31:00.900 some

00:31:01.320 street

00:31:02.000 fights

00:31:02.480 in

00:31:02.940 which

00:31:03.120 he

00:31:03.300 was

00:31:03.600 assailed

00:31:04.240 by

00:31:04.620 his

00:31:05.040 enemies

00:31:05.440 at

00:31:06.000 an

00:31:06.140 earlier

00:31:06.460 time

00:31:06.960 but

00:31:07.860 one

00:31:08.120 day

00:31:08.420 President

00:31:09.140 Jackson

00:31:09.700 is

00:31:10.440 walking

00:31:10.940 in

00:31:11.320 the

00:31:11.480 capital

00:31:11.900 and

00:31:12.880 he

00:31:13.340 is

00:31:13.600 assailed

00:31:14.240 by

00:31:14.740 a

00:31:15.520 real

00:31:16.000 mad

00:31:16.620 man

00:31:17.000 a

00:31:18.200 man

00:31:18.520 who

00:31:18.740 believes

00:31:19.220 that

00:31:19.540 he

00:31:19.760 is

00:31:19.980 the

00:31:20.140 rightful

00:31:20.500 king

00:31:20.760 of

00:31:20.900 England

00:31:21.220 he

00:31:22.240 draws

00:31:22.680 a

00:31:22.940 pistol

00:31:23.280 and

00:31:23.660 tries

00:31:23.980 to

00:31:24.200 shoot

00:31:24.520 the

00:31:24.740 president

00:31:25.120 in

00:31:25.840 January

00:31:26.300 of

00:31:26.740 1835

00:31:27.780 the

00:31:29.320 pistol

00:31:29.660 misfires 1.00

00:31:30.260 so

00:31:30.660 the

00:31:31.120 president

00:31:31.420 is

00:31:31.720 not

00:31:31.960 shot

00:31:32.300 but

00:31:33.220 Jackson

00:31:33.900 then

00:31:34.240 starts

00:31:34.660 walloping

00:31:35.620 the

00:31:35.820 man

00:31:36.100 over

00:31:36.440 his

00:31:36.800 head

00:31:37.300 with

00:31:37.720 his

00:31:37.960 cane

00:31:38.400 and

00:31:39.740 he

00:31:40.160 is

00:31:40.340 arraigned

00:31:41.020 where

00:31:41.480 he

00:31:41.740 tells

00:31:42.240 the

00:31:42.440 court

00:31:42.660 you

00:31:42.900 have

00:31:43.080 no

00:31:43.240 right

00:31:43.540 to

00:31:43.800 judge

00:31:44.140 me

00:31:44.380 I

00:31:44.620 am

00:31:44.740 the

00:31:44.860 king

00:31:45.020 of

00:31:45.140 England

00:31:45.440 and

00:31:46.240 ends

00:31:46.900 up

00:31:47.160 in

00:31:47.440 the

00:31:47.780 asylum

00:31:48.700 but

00:31:50.140 that's

00:31:50.460 that's

00:31:50.860 one

00:31:51.000 of

00:31:51.120 the

00:31:51.400 lovable

00:31:52.260 moments

00:31:53.040 in

00:31:53.500 Jackson's

00:31:54.240 career

00:31:54.700 wasn't

00:31:55.860 Jackson

00:31:56.220 carrying

00:31:56.660 a

00:31:56.920 round

00:31:57.680 in

00:31:57.920 his

00:31:58.140 chest

00:31:58.500 from

00:31:58.720 a

00:31:58.840 previous

00:31:59.140 duel

00:31:59.480 for

00:31:59.880 a

00:32:00.520 large

00:32:00.840 amount

00:32:01.020 of

00:32:01.100 the

00:32:01.280 presidency

00:32:02.300 correctly

00:32:02.860 yes

00:32:03.680 indeed

00:32:04.560 he

00:32:05.480 was

00:32:05.720 in

00:32:06.220 a

00:32:06.440 duel

00:32:06.940 with

00:32:07.960 John

00:32:08.660 Dickinson

00:32:09.180 who

00:32:09.920 shot

00:32:10.420 him

00:32:10.720 through

00:32:11.400 the

00:32:11.620 armpit

00:32:12.280 practically

00:32:12.980 and

00:32:13.360 the

00:32:13.600 slug

00:32:14.460 ended

00:32:15.060 up

00:32:15.380 behind

00:32:16.120 his

00:32:16.920 breastbone

00:32:17.480 between

00:32:17.760 his

00:32:18.040 breastbone

00:32:18.500 and

00:32:18.660 his

00:32:18.820 heart

00:32:19.120 and

00:32:19.760 he

00:32:19.920 lived

00:32:20.100 the

00:32:20.240 rest

00:32:20.440 of

00:32:20.560 his

00:32:20.720 days

00:32:21.060 with

00:32:21.300 that

00:32:21.520 in

00:32:21.640 his

00:32:21.820 chest

00:32:22.180 but

00:32:23.080 when

00:32:23.260 he

00:32:23.380 became

00:32:23.820 president

00:32:24.420 he

00:32:24.700 actually

00:32:24.980 had

00:32:25.200 two

00:32:25.460 bullets

00:32:25.780 in

00:32:25.940 his

00:32:26.100 chest

00:32:26.400 the

00:32:26.580 other

00:32:26.760 was

00:32:27.040 from

00:32:27.420 Thomas

00:32:28.240 Hart

00:32:28.560 Benton

00:32:29.160 who

00:32:30.120 became

00:32:30.700 the

00:32:31.280 Democratic

00:32:32.400 senator

00:32:32.880 from

00:32:33.320 Missouri

00:32:33.840 at a

00:32:35.760 later

00:32:35.920 time

00:32:36.340 Benton

00:32:36.900 had shot

00:32:37.520 Jackson

00:32:38.020 during the

00:32:38.600 war of

00:32:38.880 1812

00:32:39.560 because

00:32:39.940 Jackson

00:32:40.360 had not

00:32:40.800 recommended

00:32:41.280 him for

00:32:41.980 an

00:32:42.320 officer's

00:32:42.960 commission

00:32:43.380 and that

00:32:44.480 was

00:32:44.780 properly

00:32:45.440 speaking a

00:32:46.300 street fight

00:32:46.820 it was

00:32:47.240 not a

00:32:47.580 duel

00:32:47.840 Jackson

00:32:49.120 nearly

00:32:49.580 died

00:32:50.100 from the

00:32:50.580 wound

00:32:50.860 they

00:32:51.580 couldn't

00:32:51.900 remove

00:32:52.340 it

00:32:52.620 at the

00:32:53.160 time

00:32:53.600 back in

00:32:54.200 1813

00:32:54.920 but

00:32:56.180 when

00:32:56.800 Jackson

00:32:57.120 was in

00:32:57.480 the

00:32:57.600 White

00:32:57.780 House

00:32:58.060 he

00:32:58.800 had

00:32:59.040 his

00:32:59.200 doctor

00:32:59.480 remove

00:32:59.900 it

00:33:00.060 he

00:33:00.540 had

00:33:00.820 fallen

00:33:01.440 down

00:33:01.960 and

00:33:02.440 opened

00:33:02.840 up

00:33:03.140 the

00:33:03.320 old

00:33:03.520 wound

00:33:03.840 in

00:33:04.020 his

00:33:04.180 back

00:33:04.520 and

00:33:05.400 so

00:33:05.560 the

00:33:05.700 doctor

00:33:05.980 removed

00:33:06.500 the

00:33:06.700 bullet

00:33:06.940 on

00:33:07.200 that

00:33:07.380 occasion

00:33:07.800 he

00:33:08.700 sent

00:33:09.100 the

00:33:09.360 bullet

00:33:09.700 to

00:33:10.320 the

00:33:10.540 Capitol

00:33:10.960 where

00:33:11.920 Thomas

00:33:12.460 Hart

00:33:12.740 Benton

00:33:13.180 was

00:33:13.640 working

00:33:14.080 in

00:33:14.260 the

00:33:14.360 old

00:33:14.580 Senate

00:33:14.900 chambers

00:33:15.340 with

00:33:16.580 a

00:33:16.740 note

00:33:17.040 saying

00:33:17.960 sir

00:33:18.480 I'm

00:33:18.840 returning

00:33:19.280 your

00:33:19.600 lost

00:33:19.960 property

00:33:20.560 fantastic

00:33:23.180 Benton

00:33:24.700 was

00:33:25.100 Andrew

00:33:26.500 Jackson

00:33:27.020 number

00:33:27.600 one

00:33:28.000 man

00:33:28.320 in

00:33:28.520 Congress

00:33:28.980 at

00:33:29.400 this

00:33:29.680 point

00:33:30.040 they

00:33:30.440 had

00:33:30.660 reconciled

00:33:31.460 they

00:33:31.580 put

00:33:31.800 aside

00:33:32.200 their

00:33:32.460 old

00:33:32.900 quarrels

00:33:33.400 from

00:33:33.980 the

00:33:35.460 war

00:33:35.620 of

00:33:35.720 1812

00:33:36.320 Benton

00:33:37.760 then

00:33:38.000 wrote

00:33:38.240 a

00:33:38.460 reply

00:33:38.940 he

00:33:39.240 opened

00:33:39.520 up

00:33:39.700 an

00:33:39.820 envelope

00:33:40.200 he

00:33:40.620 put

00:33:40.820 the

00:33:41.000 bullet

00:33:41.240 in

00:33:41.920 the

00:33:42.060 new

00:33:42.260 envelope

00:33:42.640 with

00:33:43.000 a

00:33:43.120 note

00:33:43.340 sir

00:33:44.020 this

00:33:44.260 has

00:33:44.420 been

00:33:44.560 in

00:33:44.700 your

00:33:44.820 possession

00:33:45.260 so

00:33:45.640 long

00:33:45.980 it's

00:33:46.180 now

00:33:46.340 rightfully

00:33:46.760 yours

00:33:47.240 and

00:33:47.960 sent

00:33:48.220 it

00:33:48.380 back

00:33:48.620 to

00:33:48.780 the

00:33:48.900 White

00:33:49.080 House

00:33:49.400 excellent

00:33:51.420 well

00:33:52.100 I

00:33:52.280 think

00:33:52.480 a

00:33:52.680 lot

00:33:52.820 of

00:33:52.940 people

00:33:53.300 probably

00:33:54.100 remember

00:33:54.580 a couple

00:33:55.400 things

00:33:55.780 about

00:33:56.020 Andrew

00:33:56.280 Jackson's

00:33:56.820 presidency

00:33:57.240 and I

00:33:57.820 know

00:33:58.140 there's

00:33:58.360 so much

00:33:58.640 to cover

00:33:59.020 but we

00:33:59.640 have a

00:33:59.860 limited

00:34:00.080 amount

00:34:00.300 of

00:34:00.440 time

00:34:00.640 so I

00:34:00.880 want to

00:34:01.040 make sure

00:34:01.340 we hit

00:34:01.600 a few

00:34:01.900 of the

00:34:02.100 things

00:34:02.360 that

00:34:02.640 people

00:34:03.500 will

00:34:03.760 want to

00:34:04.240 I

00:34:04.520 think

00:34:04.640 parallel

00:34:05.040 with

00:34:05.360 what

00:34:05.540 is

00:34:05.700 happening

00:34:06.060 today

00:34:06.580 the

00:34:07.200 first

00:34:07.540 I

00:34:07.740 think

00:34:07.880 a lot

00:34:08.100 of

00:34:08.180 people

00:34:08.460 you

00:34:09.240 know

00:34:09.360 thing

00:34:09.560 they

00:34:09.680 do

00:34:09.840 is

00:34:09.960 they

00:34:10.160 quote

00:34:11.200 Jackson

00:34:11.680 when

00:34:12.300 it

00:34:12.440 comes

00:34:12.660 to

00:34:12.780 the

00:34:12.900 Supreme

00:34:13.260 Court

00:34:13.580 the

00:34:13.940 justice

00:34:14.220 has

00:34:14.500 made

00:34:14.780 his

00:34:15.080 ruling

00:34:15.720 now

00:34:16.120 let

00:34:16.580 him

00:34:16.720 enforce

00:34:17.200 it

00:34:17.420 what

00:34:17.980 is

00:34:18.500 the

00:34:18.680 context

00:34:19.260 for

00:34:19.640 that

00:34:19.960 is

00:34:20.160 that

00:34:20.320 the

00:34:20.480 bank

00:34:20.720 is

00:34:20.860 that

00:34:20.980 something

00:34:21.260 else

00:34:21.560 is

00:34:21.720 Jackson

00:34:22.280 known

00:34:22.680 for

00:34:23.080 challenging

00:34:23.620 the

00:34:23.960 power

00:34:24.240 of the

00:34:24.520 Supreme

00:34:24.720 Court

00:34:24.920 at the

00:34:25.140 time

00:34:25.340 he

00:34:26.380 is

00:34:26.700 known

00:34:26.960 for

00:34:27.220 that

00:34:27.540 he

00:34:28.200 has

00:34:28.660 the

00:34:29.300 major

00:34:30.320 challenge

00:34:30.900 of

00:34:31.120 John

00:34:31.500 Marshall

00:34:32.000 the

00:34:32.500 great

00:34:32.900 Hamiltonian

00:34:33.960 jurist

00:34:35.480 in the

00:34:36.320 Supreme

00:34:36.620 Court

00:34:36.940 he's

00:34:37.280 chief

00:34:37.520 justice

00:34:37.900 of the

00:34:38.280 Supreme

00:34:38.580 Court

00:34:38.940 while

00:34:39.300 Jackson

00:34:39.700 is

00:34:39.940 in

00:34:40.060 office

00:34:40.380 Jackson

00:34:41.380 eventually

00:34:41.900 replaces

00:34:42.500 him

00:34:42.900 with

00:34:43.560 Tawney

00:34:44.180 who

00:34:44.980 comes

00:34:45.300 from

00:34:45.620 Maryland

00:34:46.140 more

00:34:47.360 of

00:34:47.560 a

00:34:47.740 Jeffersonian

00:34:48.600 in

00:34:48.980 his

00:34:49.360 opinions

00:34:50.280 but

00:34:51.620 John

00:34:53.340 Marshall

00:34:53.640 is

00:34:54.080 writing

00:34:54.540 about

00:34:55.180 the

00:34:56.060 cases

00:34:56.720 between

00:34:57.260 Georgia

00:34:57.780 and

00:34:58.180 the

00:34:58.360 Cherokee

00:34:58.820 nation

00:34:59.340 so

00:34:59.700 this

00:34:59.940 is

00:35:00.200 all

00:35:00.800 wound

00:35:01.120 up

00:35:01.420 in

00:35:01.740 Jackson's

00:35:02.400 Indian

00:35:02.780 policy

00:35:03.400 and

00:35:04.240 Jackson

00:35:04.640 denies

00:35:05.340 the

00:35:05.660 court's

00:35:06.400 final

00:35:06.960 authority

00:35:07.380 to

00:35:07.640 enforce

00:35:08.080 in

00:35:09.100 that

00:35:09.320 famous

00:35:09.760 remark

00:35:10.220 which

00:35:10.760 is

00:35:11.040 a bit

00:35:11.800 apocryphal

00:35:12.600 but

00:35:12.840 we

00:35:13.100 all

00:35:13.500 ascribe

00:35:13.900 it

00:35:14.080 to

00:35:14.240 him

00:35:14.520 Jackson's

00:35:16.300 Indian

00:35:16.600 policy

00:35:17.120 is

00:35:17.480 certainly

00:35:17.960 the

00:35:18.520 most

00:35:18.840 controversial

00:35:19.380 thing

00:35:20.060 that

00:35:20.640 people

00:35:20.980 remember

00:35:21.560 in

00:35:22.800 relation

00:35:23.520 to

00:35:23.800 his

00:35:23.980 administration

00:35:24.700 that's

00:35:26.500 the

00:35:26.640 one

00:35:26.820 thing

00:35:27.140 that

00:35:27.420 people

00:35:27.920 will

00:35:28.500 talk

00:35:28.880 about

00:35:29.240 typically

00:35:29.960 if

00:35:30.580 Jackson's

00:35:31.100 brought

00:35:31.380 up

00:35:31.660 but

00:35:32.860 Jackson

00:35:33.440 is

00:35:33.720 also

00:35:34.140 a

00:35:34.600 remarkable

00:35:35.860 policy

00:35:37.140 man

00:35:37.500 in

00:35:37.740 relation

00:35:38.160 to

00:35:38.420 the

00:35:38.560 nations

00:35:39.000 he

00:35:40.080 calls

00:35:40.680 in

00:35:41.340 1828

00:35:42.440 the

00:35:43.040 year

00:35:43.260 he

00:35:43.460 was

00:35:43.640 elected

00:35:44.040 he

00:35:45.160 calls

00:35:45.540 on

00:35:45.760 Congress

00:35:46.220 to

00:35:46.900 create

00:35:47.420 a

00:35:47.980 Indian

00:35:48.340 policy

00:35:48.980 and

00:35:49.900 proposes

00:35:50.780 federal

00:35:51.540 Indian

00:35:52.180 reservations

00:35:53.080 that

00:35:54.660 was

00:35:54.980 the

00:35:55.220 matter

00:35:55.560 that

00:35:56.080 John

00:35:56.600 Marshall

00:35:56.960 was

00:35:57.380 writing

00:35:57.680 his

00:35:57.900 opinion

00:35:58.240 on

00:35:58.580 when

00:35:58.820 Jackson

00:35:59.260 gave

00:35:59.560 his

00:35:59.700 famous

00:36:00.020 retort 0.55

00:36:00.520 the

00:36:01.460 state

00:36:01.760 of

00:36:01.940 Georgia

00:36:02.420 was

00:36:03.940 very

00:36:05.360 antagonistic

00:36:06.440 to the

00:36:07.180 presence

00:36:07.680 of

00:36:08.380 Native

00:36:08.700 Americans

00:36:09.320 in their

00:36:10.040 territory

00:36:10.540 you must

00:36:12.720 understand

00:36:13.280 from

00:36:13.920 the

00:36:14.800 time

00:36:15.200 of

00:36:15.580 the

00:36:16.160 outbreak

00:36:16.720 of

00:36:17.420 the

00:36:17.560 war

00:36:17.740 of

00:36:17.880 1812

00:36:18.540 the

00:36:19.580 Creeks

00:36:20.240 and

00:36:20.880 Seminoles

00:36:21.600 had been

00:36:22.540 equipped

00:36:23.060 by the

00:36:23.900 British

00:36:24.300 they'd

00:36:24.700 been

00:36:24.900 armed

00:36:25.320 by the

00:36:25.780 British

00:36:26.060 and

00:36:26.800 they

00:36:26.980 were

00:36:27.220 in

00:36:27.620 a

00:36:27.900 proxy

00:36:28.340 alliance

00:36:29.180 with

00:36:29.760 the

00:36:29.920 British

00:36:30.160 Empire

00:36:30.640 and

00:36:31.560 they

00:36:31.680 were

00:36:31.860 encouraged

00:36:32.300 to

00:36:32.560 cross

00:36:32.920 over

00:36:33.300 the

00:36:33.540 Florida

00:36:33.880 border

00:36:34.280 into

00:36:34.700 Georgia

00:36:35.160 and

00:36:36.000 raid

00:36:36.580 the

00:36:37.020 American

00:36:37.440 homesteads

00:36:38.300 this

00:36:39.660 they

00:36:39.920 did

00:36:40.360 for

00:36:40.720 several

00:36:41.360 decades

00:36:42.120 this

00:36:43.700 was

00:36:44.100 not

00:36:44.420 finally

00:36:45.060 quelled

00:36:45.660 until

00:36:46.380 the

00:36:46.980 second

00:36:47.380 Seminole

00:36:47.980 War

00:36:48.360 which

00:36:49.120 begins

00:36:49.660 during

00:36:50.180 Jackson's

00:36:50.920 second

00:36:51.320 administration

00:36:52.040 a

00:36:52.940 very

00:36:53.260 long

00:36:53.780 and

00:36:53.960 bloody

00:36:54.200 conflict

00:36:54.880 that

00:36:55.500 was

00:36:55.700 all

00:36:56.020 concerning

00:36:57.640 Indian

00:36:58.760 raids

00:36:59.340 in

00:36:59.700 the

00:36:59.820 area

00:37:00.160 Georgia

00:37:01.620 the

00:37:01.860 state

00:37:02.080 of

00:37:02.220 Georgia

00:37:02.620 had

00:37:03.300 resolved

00:37:03.760 after

00:37:04.080 decades

00:37:04.860 of

00:37:05.580 brutal

00:37:06.320 violence

00:37:06.960 especially

00:37:07.800 on her

00:37:08.460 border

00:37:08.820 with

00:37:09.080 Florida

00:37:09.480 they

00:37:10.360 did

00:37:10.560 not

00:37:10.780 want

00:37:11.120 any

00:37:11.380 of

00:37:11.580 these

00:37:11.800 nations

00:37:12.280 nearby

00:37:12.860 everyone

00:37:15.320 needs

00:37:15.660 help

00:37:15.820 with

00:37:16.000 something

00:37:16.400 if

00:37:16.840 investing

00:37:17.280 is

00:37:17.540 your

00:37:17.820 something

00:37:18.260 we

00:37:18.720 get

00:37:18.940 it

00:37:19.160 cooperators

00:37:19.920 financial

00:37:20.400 representatives

00:37:20.960 are here

00:37:21.460 to help

00:37:21.860 with genuine

00:37:22.640 advice that

00:37:23.240 puts your

00:37:23.780 needs first

00:37:24.400 we got

00:37:25.140 you

00:37:25.400 for all

00:37:26.000 your

00:37:26.180 holistic

00:37:26.560 investment

00:37:27.100 and life

00:37:27.540 insurance

00:37:27.920 advice

00:37:28.260 needs

00:37:28.640 talk to

00:37:29.180 us

00:37:29.380 today

00:37:29.720 cooperators

00:37:30.700 investing

00:37:31.360 in your

00:37:31.720 future

00:37:32.100 together

00:37:32.700 mutual funds

00:37:35.520 are offered

00:37:35.780 through

00:37:35.920 cooperators

00:37:36.280 financial

00:37:36.580 investment

00:37:36.880 services

00:37:37.220 inc

00:37:37.380 to

00:37:37.500 Canadian

00:37:37.760 residents

00:37:38.160 except

00:37:38.360 those

00:37:38.580 in Quebec

00:37:38.840 in the

00:37:39.020 territories

00:37:39.320 segregated

00:37:39.680 funds

00:37:39.940 are administered

00:37:40.320 by cooperators

00:37:40.900 life insurance

00:37:41.340 company

00:37:41.680 life insurance

00:37:42.160 is underwritten

00:37:42.580 by cooperators

00:37:43.100 life insurance

00:37:43.460 company

00:37:43.760 Jackson

00:37:45.200 took

00:37:45.720 a different

00:37:46.500 tack

00:37:47.100 not that

00:37:48.480 he

00:37:49.100 he was

00:37:49.780 against

00:37:50.500 Georgia

00:37:51.200 on the

00:37:52.160 question

00:37:52.500 of Indian

00:37:52.960 removal

00:37:53.460 but Georgia

00:37:55.280 certainly

00:37:55.960 wasn't stating

00:37:56.740 their case

00:37:57.400 with much

00:37:57.940 humanity

00:37:58.460 towards

00:37:59.260 the nations

00:38:00.100 at that

00:38:00.740 point

00:38:01.020 they were

00:38:02.020 feeling

00:38:02.480 very bitter

00:38:03.180 and aggrieved

00:38:04.240 and did

00:38:05.320 not trust

00:38:06.100 the nations

00:38:06.940 Jackson

00:38:08.820 in 1828

00:38:10.160 addresses

00:38:10.660 Congress

00:38:11.240 and says

00:38:12.800 several very

00:38:13.920 interesting

00:38:14.320 things

00:38:14.660 he says

00:38:15.040 it has

00:38:16.040 long been

00:38:16.460 the policy

00:38:17.060 of the

00:38:17.560 government

00:38:17.860 to introduce

00:38:18.800 among

00:38:19.240 the nations

00:38:20.120 the arts

00:38:20.640 of civilization

00:38:21.440 with the

00:38:22.380 hope of

00:38:22.740 gradually

00:38:23.240 reclaiming

00:38:24.000 them from

00:38:24.440 a wandering

00:38:25.040 life

00:38:25.520 he's talking

00:38:27.000 about the

00:38:27.440 hunter-gatherer

00:38:28.760 mode of

00:38:29.340 civilization

00:38:30.180 which puts

00:38:31.800 them in

00:38:32.360 conflict

00:38:32.780 with a

00:38:33.480 property

00:38:33.900 owning

00:38:34.360 culture

00:38:34.840 he says

00:38:36.420 the policy

00:38:37.200 has been

00:38:38.060 coupled with

00:38:38.700 another

00:38:39.060 wholly

00:38:39.480 incompatible

00:38:40.380 with its

00:38:41.340 success

00:38:41.980 professing a

00:38:43.160 desire to

00:38:43.720 civilize and

00:38:44.380 settle them

00:38:44.820 we have at

00:38:45.500 the same time

00:38:46.140 lost no

00:38:46.640 opportunity to

00:38:47.440 purchase their

00:38:48.120 lands and

00:38:49.320 thrust them

00:38:50.060 farther into

00:38:50.920 the wilderness

00:38:51.460 and they've been

00:38:53.480 led to look

00:38:54.280 upon us as

00:38:55.280 unjust and

00:38:56.600 indifferent to

00:38:57.480 their fates

00:38:58.080 nations on

00:39:05.580 the eastern

00:39:06.060 seaboard

00:39:06.700 where are

00:39:08.040 the

00:39:08.260 Pequots

00:39:08.860 where are

00:39:09.860 the

00:39:10.060 Powhatans

00:39:10.860 where are

00:39:11.900 the

00:39:12.100 Delawares

00:39:12.780 they are

00:39:13.740 gone

00:39:14.360 their

00:39:15.360 civilizations

00:39:16.040 are extinct

00:39:17.080 their

00:39:17.540 languages

00:39:18.120 forgotten

00:39:18.940 and he

00:39:20.640 laments

00:39:21.400 the extinction

00:39:22.240 of their

00:39:22.820 civilizations

00:39:23.460 this from

00:39:24.980 a man

00:39:25.460 who has

00:39:26.060 engaged

00:39:26.760 in

00:39:27.260 brutal

00:39:28.180 conflict

00:39:28.840 with the

00:39:29.580 nations

00:39:30.040 on the

00:39:30.580 frontier

00:39:31.060 he has

00:39:32.740 a liberal

00:39:33.800 humanitarian

00:39:34.700 posture

00:39:35.360 towards their

00:39:36.480 ultimate

00:39:36.920 destiny

00:39:37.700 he says

00:39:41.040 that the

00:39:42.060 nations

00:39:42.460 should be

00:39:43.200 protected

00:39:43.760 and patronized

00:39:45.440 by the

00:39:46.260 federal

00:39:46.500 government

00:39:47.040 so that

00:39:48.080 they can

00:39:48.520 preserve

00:39:49.240 their

00:39:49.640 folkways

00:39:50.480 this

00:39:52.440 in

00:39:53.200 in

00:39:53.740 distinction

00:39:54.160 to

00:39:54.540 john

00:39:54.860 marshall's

00:39:55.500 opinion

00:39:55.940 he says

00:39:57.400 cannot

00:39:58.360 occur

00:39:59.320 inside

00:39:59.940 the

00:40:00.280 limits

00:40:00.680 of

00:40:01.000 the

00:40:01.180 existing

00:40:01.740 states

00:40:02.540 jackson

00:40:03.860 is adamant

00:40:04.560 on this

00:40:05.000 because he

00:40:05.700 is very

00:40:06.360 direct

00:40:07.040 and clear

00:40:07.780 on his

00:40:08.300 interpretation

00:40:08.800 of the

00:40:09.280 constitution

00:40:09.900 the

00:40:11.080 constitution

00:40:11.540 explicitly

00:40:12.640 says

00:40:13.200 the

00:40:13.380 federal

00:40:13.580 government

00:40:13.960 may not

00:40:14.600 carve

00:40:15.060 up

00:40:15.480 existing

00:40:16.180 states

00:40:16.840 without

00:40:17.540 their

00:40:17.860 consent

00:40:18.320 and this

00:40:20.080 was the

00:40:20.640 matter

00:40:20.880 of

00:40:21.320 georgia's

00:40:21.980 contentions

00:40:22.760 in the

00:40:23.040 supreme

00:40:23.300 court

00:40:23.640 and georgia's 0.91

00:40:24.460 ultimate

00:40:24.880 ignoring the

00:40:27.740 supreme court

00:40:28.240 rulings in

00:40:28.840 relation to

00:40:29.340 the

00:40:29.480 cherokees 0.57

00:40:30.000 jackson

00:40:33.080 speaks of

00:40:33.900 how

00:40:34.740 humanity

00:40:35.580 will view

00:40:36.400 the united

00:40:36.900 states

00:40:37.340 in relation

00:40:38.020 to the

00:40:38.720 native

00:40:38.960 peoples

00:40:39.500 to the

00:40:40.200 indian

00:40:40.920 nations

00:40:41.380 and proposes

00:40:42.960 federal

00:40:43.700 reservations

00:40:44.360 he says

00:40:46.680 and this

00:40:47.820 is his

00:40:48.160 recommendation

00:40:48.540 to congress

00:40:49.220 he's calling

00:40:49.820 for legislation

00:40:50.720 you must

00:40:51.400 understand

00:40:51.800 the president

00:40:52.300 does not

00:40:52.800 write laws

00:40:53.440 congress

00:40:53.860 writes laws

00:40:54.580 the president

00:40:55.360 ratifies them

00:40:56.500 signs them

00:40:57.040 into law

00:40:57.520 or vetoes

00:40:58.420 them

00:40:58.620 he's asking

00:40:59.980 congress

00:41:00.440 for legislation

00:41:01.240 to establish

00:41:02.540 reservations

00:41:03.280 in federal

00:41:04.560 territory

00:41:05.200 in the west

00:41:06.460 outside of the

00:41:08.220 boundaries

00:41:08.560 of existing

00:41:09.980 states

00:41:10.460 and he says

00:41:11.840 to congress

00:41:12.540 and i quote

00:41:13.520 this immigration

00:41:15.660 should be

00:41:16.520 voluntary

00:41:17.340 for it

00:41:18.400 would be

00:41:18.900 as cruel

00:41:19.940 and unjust

00:41:20.940 to compel

00:41:22.200 the aborigines

00:41:23.140 to abandon

00:41:24.480 the graves

00:41:25.040 of their

00:41:25.380 fathers

00:41:25.780 and seek

00:41:26.880 a home

00:41:27.260 in a

00:41:27.520 distant

00:41:27.800 land

00:41:28.220 but they

00:41:29.480 should be

00:41:29.900 distinctly

00:41:30.600 informed

00:41:31.120 that if

00:41:32.000 they remain

00:41:32.680 within the

00:41:33.240 limits

00:41:33.500 of the

00:41:33.800 states

00:41:34.160 they must

00:41:35.200 be subject

00:41:35.860 to their

00:41:36.480 laws

00:41:36.940 so here

00:41:39.040 is another

00:41:39.460 element

00:41:39.920 in the

00:41:40.500 famous

00:41:40.840 indian

00:41:41.500 removal

00:41:42.020 act

00:41:42.580 of 1830

00:41:43.780 the nations

00:41:45.420 are given

00:41:46.160 choices

00:41:47.060 these choices

00:41:48.520 are very

00:41:49.020 distinct

00:41:49.600 they will

00:41:51.460 either

00:41:51.880 go out

00:41:53.140 to the

00:41:53.500 federal

00:41:53.700 reservation

00:41:54.320 in which

00:41:55.280 case

00:41:55.580 they can

00:41:56.160 remain

00:41:57.320 with their

00:41:57.820 tribal

00:41:58.300 form of

00:41:59.000 government

00:41:59.440 and a

00:42:00.320 special

00:42:00.800 sovereignty

00:42:01.560 inside

00:42:02.280 of the

00:42:02.720 union

00:42:03.100 something

00:42:04.260 that the

00:42:04.940 tribes

00:42:05.400 on the

00:42:05.720 reservations

00:42:06.260 enjoy today

00:42:07.240 which is

00:42:07.640 why they

00:42:07.980 run

00:42:08.240 casinos

00:42:08.780 and such

00:42:09.320 they're

00:42:10.040 not subject

00:42:10.580 to local

00:42:11.120 or state

00:42:11.680 laws

00:42:12.080 they're

00:42:12.340 federally

00:42:12.760 administrated

00:42:13.460 they may

00:42:15.380 also

00:42:16.020 stay

00:42:16.780 where they

00:42:17.240 are

00:42:17.720 but they

00:42:18.920 may not

00:42:19.640 preserve

00:42:20.240 their

00:42:20.520 tribal

00:42:21.080 mode

00:42:21.640 of

00:42:21.860 government

00:42:22.340 nor

00:42:23.100 may

00:42:23.440 they

00:42:23.680 continue

00:42:24.140 in their

00:42:24.540 traditional

00:42:25.040 warrior

00:42:25.740 culture

00:42:26.280 where men

00:42:27.600 gain

00:42:27.980 status

00:42:28.460 in the

00:42:28.820 tribe

00:42:29.180 by

00:42:29.720 participating

00:42:30.340 in battle

00:42:31.200 that has

00:42:33.060 been antagonistic

00:42:33.980 to peace

00:42:34.560 on the

00:42:34.840 frontier

00:42:35.280 and

00:42:36.120 Jackson

00:42:36.540 is adamant

00:42:37.220 on this

00:42:37.560 this is

00:42:38.160 the point

00:42:38.720 Jackson

00:42:39.780 says

00:42:40.160 we will

00:42:40.480 not

00:42:40.900 have

00:42:41.420 parallel

00:42:42.640 magistrates

00:42:43.940 for the

00:42:44.720 different

00:42:45.120 nations

00:42:45.720 inside

00:42:46.320 of America

00:42:47.080 they are

00:42:48.620 all going

00:42:49.200 to be

00:42:49.480 subject

00:42:49.800 to the

00:42:50.200 laws

00:42:50.500 of the

00:42:50.840 states

00:42:51.180 where

00:42:51.660 they

00:42:51.940 live

00:42:52.400 we're

00:42:52.800 not

00:42:53.020 going

00:42:53.220 to have

00:42:53.700 different

00:42:54.460 justice

00:42:54.920 systems

00:42:55.560 for the

00:42:56.340 different

00:42:56.700 Indian

00:42:57.160 nations

00:42:57.860 so

00:42:59.300 Jackson

00:42:59.760 is

00:43:00.180 so

00:43:01.360 Jackson

00:43:01.900 is usually

00:43:02.280 portrayed

00:43:02.760 as an

00:43:03.320 incredibly

00:43:03.840 sinister

00:43:04.900 character

00:43:05.720 looking to

00:43:06.560 genocide

00:43:06.960 all of

00:43:07.620 the

00:43:07.760 Indian

00:43:08.060 tribes

00:43:08.720 that

00:43:08.940 he

00:43:09.120 went

00:43:09.360 to

00:43:09.520 war

00:43:09.740 with

00:43:10.120 but

00:43:10.780 the

00:43:10.900 picture

00:43:11.120 you're

00:43:11.360 painting

00:43:11.620 is of

00:43:12.040 a man

00:43:12.460 who

00:43:12.860 respects

00:43:13.500 the

00:43:13.740 opponents

00:43:14.300 in which

00:43:14.840 he

00:43:15.000 engaged

00:43:15.580 and he

00:43:16.300 ultimately

00:43:16.800 wants to

00:43:17.960 see them

00:43:18.720 have the

00:43:19.120 option to

00:43:19.580 preserve

00:43:19.860 their way

00:43:20.260 of life

00:43:20.620 but he

00:43:20.880 recognizes

00:43:21.480 that

00:43:21.840 America

00:43:22.260 can't

00:43:23.260 continue

00:43:23.660 if you're

00:43:24.120 carving out

00:43:24.840 special

00:43:25.260 exceptions

00:43:25.740 for certain

00:43:26.340 tribes

00:43:26.940 inside the

00:43:28.060 nation

00:43:28.400 and so

00:43:28.900 either

00:43:29.220 everyone

00:43:29.960 assimilates

00:43:30.660 or you

00:43:31.700 have to

00:43:32.060 separate

00:43:32.420 but there

00:43:33.000 is this

00:43:33.540 middle

00:43:34.060 ground

00:43:34.620 of

00:43:36.940 cohabitate

00:43:37.380 the same

00:43:37.900 area

00:43:38.440 with

00:43:38.880 totally

00:43:39.280 different

00:43:39.680 understandings

00:43:40.580 of

00:43:40.820 identity

00:43:41.600 and

00:43:41.880 civilization

00:43:42.540 and

00:43:42.840 nationhood

00:43:43.400 these

00:43:44.000 things

00:43:44.240 are going

00:43:44.460 to be

00:43:44.620 long-term

00:43:45.060 deleterious

00:43:45.780 and so

00:43:46.060 he says

00:43:46.460 okay

00:43:46.720 well

00:43:47.020 here

00:43:47.320 are

00:43:47.980 your

00:43:48.180 options

00:43:48.580 this

00:43:48.900 is not

00:43:49.200 a man

00:43:49.480 who

00:43:49.660 is

00:43:49.920 looking

00:43:50.380 to

00:43:50.580 annihilate

00:43:51.060 a way

00:43:51.320 of

00:43:51.500 life

00:43:51.780 he's

00:43:52.160 looking

00:43:52.440 to

00:43:52.920 provide

00:43:53.680 the

00:43:54.040 opportunity

00:43:54.440 for

00:43:54.660 that

00:43:54.780 way

00:43:54.880 of

00:43:55.000 life

00:43:55.120 to

00:43:55.260 continue

00:43:55.720 while

00:43:56.360 also

00:43:56.780 looking

00:43:57.200 out

00:43:57.480 for

00:43:57.800 the

00:43:58.160 tradition

00:43:59.720 and

00:44:00.280 continuity

00:44:00.800 and

00:44:01.040 identity

00:44:01.440 of the

00:44:02.020 nation

00:44:02.280 he is

00:44:02.620 building

00:44:02.940 absolutely

00:44:05.100 and it

00:44:06.480 is a

00:44:07.420 humanitarian

00:44:07.940 position

00:44:08.800 and

00:44:10.000 much

00:44:10.620 of

00:44:10.840 what

00:44:11.100 has

00:44:11.480 been

00:44:11.700 done

00:44:12.120 since

00:44:12.820 then

00:44:13.220 the

00:44:13.860 organization

00:44:14.380 of

00:44:14.920 the

00:44:15.080 reservation

00:44:15.600 system

00:44:16.300 though

00:44:17.380 it's

00:44:17.860 obviously

00:44:18.460 not

00:44:18.840 without

00:44:19.120 its

00:44:19.360 downsides

00:44:20.060 and

00:44:20.360 I

00:44:20.500 don't

00:44:20.640 think

00:44:20.940 any

00:44:21.500 of

00:44:21.720 us

00:44:21.900 would

00:44:22.060 feel

00:44:22.260 comfortable

00:44:22.720 with

00:44:23.320 the

00:44:23.520 military

00:44:23.940 expulsion

00:44:24.680 of

00:44:24.880 the

00:44:24.980 nations

00:44:25.340 which

00:44:25.620 takes

00:44:26.340 place

00:44:26.640 after

00:44:27.160 Jackson

00:44:27.780 Congress

00:44:29.700 does

00:44:30.540 give

00:44:30.860 Jackson

00:44:31.240 the law

00:44:31.760 that

00:44:32.360 allows

00:44:32.880 for

00:44:33.140 the

00:44:33.320 military

00:44:33.900 exile

00:44:36.340 the

00:44:36.840 forced

00:44:37.320 removal

00:44:38.000 of

00:44:38.720 the

00:44:39.100 nations

00:44:39.540 but

00:44:39.980 Jackson

00:44:40.260 does

00:44:40.500 not

00:44:40.720 employ

00:44:41.100 it

00:44:41.300 during

00:44:41.520 his

00:44:41.760 presidency

00:44:42.240 and

00:44:43.400 that's

00:44:43.840 also

00:44:44.240 an

00:44:44.440 interesting

00:44:44.780 point

00:44:45.120 he's

00:44:45.380 ultimately

00:44:45.720 responsible

00:44:46.300 for

00:44:46.740 it

00:44:46.960 but

00:44:47.940 he

00:44:48.160 does

00:44:48.380 not

00:44:48.580 use

00:44:48.880 it

00:44:49.800 Jackson

00:44:51.320 while

00:44:52.300 he

00:44:52.620 is

00:44:52.840 president

00:44:53.240 actually

00:44:54.580 attends

00:44:55.320 tribal

00:44:55.940 councils

00:44:56.500 in

00:44:57.220 Tennessee

00:44:57.600 he

00:44:58.220 is

00:44:58.400 the

00:44:58.580 only

00:44:59.000 American

00:44:59.680 president

00:45:00.140 to

00:45:00.700 go

00:45:01.220 to

00:45:01.680 attend

00:45:02.280 a

00:45:02.800 tribal

00:45:03.100 council

00:45:03.580 and

00:45:05.040 these

00:45:05.660 are

00:45:05.920 nations

00:45:06.500 who

00:45:07.060 were

00:45:07.300 allied

00:45:07.880 under

00:45:08.580 Jackson's

00:45:09.400 command

00:45:09.880 in

00:45:10.620 the

00:45:10.780 war

00:45:10.980 of

00:45:11.140 1812

00:45:11.900 these

00:45:12.840 are

00:45:13.020 the

00:45:13.260 Choctaws 1.00

00:45:13.880 and

00:45:14.360 Chickasaws

00:45:15.020 in

00:45:16.040 western

00:45:16.740 Tennessee

00:45:17.220 so

00:45:19.060 Jackson

00:45:19.560 as the

00:45:20.300 president

00:45:20.760 of the

00:45:21.100 United

00:45:21.360 States

00:45:21.740 he

00:45:21.940 actually

00:45:22.240 travels

00:45:22.800 back

00:45:23.100 to

00:45:23.260 Tennessee

00:45:23.640 to

00:45:23.900 Franklin

00:45:24.260 Tennessee

00:45:24.680 where

00:45:25.000 he

00:45:25.160 attends

00:45:25.540 this

00:45:25.820 council

00:45:26.240 and

00:45:27.180 there

00:45:27.400 he

00:45:27.580 gives

00:45:27.920 them

00:45:28.160 a

00:45:28.420 speech

00:45:28.800 these

00:45:30.660 were

00:45:30.840 his

00:45:31.060 comrades

00:45:31.540 in

00:45:31.740 arms

00:45:32.080 they

00:45:33.080 had

00:45:33.320 marched

00:45:33.760 all

00:45:34.120 the

00:45:34.300 way

00:45:34.480 to

00:45:34.680 New

00:45:34.860 Orleans

00:45:35.240 and

00:45:35.600 fought

00:45:35.920 the

00:45:36.140 British

00:45:36.560 under

00:45:37.040 his

00:45:37.380 command

00:45:37.880 at

00:45:38.340 New

00:45:38.520 Orleans

00:45:38.880 and

00:45:40.440 after

00:45:40.820 the

00:45:41.120 Indian

00:45:41.380 Removal

00:45:41.800 Act

00:45:42.040 is

00:45:42.220 passed

00:45:42.600 he

00:45:43.200 goes

00:45:43.460 to

00:45:43.620 them

00:45:43.860 and

00:45:44.360 says

00:45:44.780 brothers

00:45:45.640 listen

00:45:46.560 to

00:45:47.300 these

00:45:47.680 laws

00:45:48.200 where

00:45:48.760 you

00:45:49.020 are

00:45:49.440 you

00:45:49.960 must

00:45:50.440 submit

00:45:51.060 there

00:45:51.860 is

00:45:52.220 no

00:45:52.540 alternative

00:45:53.160 old

00:45:54.440 men

00:45:54.820 lead

00:45:55.400 your

00:45:55.600 children

00:45:56.040 to

00:45:56.300 a

00:45:56.500 land

00:45:56.760 of

00:45:56.920 promise

00:45:57.520 preserve

00:45:58.440 your

00:45:58.960 people

00:45:59.460 and

00:46:00.000 your

00:46:00.200 nation

00:46:00.680 so

00:46:02.720 he's

00:46:02.980 encouraging

00:46:03.580 these

00:46:04.300 chiefs

00:46:05.000 to

00:46:05.220 take

00:46:05.620 their

00:46:05.980 nation

00:46:06.460 out

00:46:07.220 west

00:46:07.600 to

00:46:07.860 the

00:46:08.020 federal

00:46:08.340 Indian

00:46:09.040 territory

00:46:09.600 what

00:46:09.900 becomes

00:46:10.600 Oklahoma

00:46:11.200 and

00:46:12.960 the

00:46:13.280 people

00:46:13.600 that

00:46:13.880 he

00:46:14.080 talks

00:46:14.480 to

00:46:14.740 there

00:46:15.180 in

00:46:15.540 Franklin

00:46:15.940 are

00:46:16.460 convinced

00:46:17.020 and

00:46:17.500 they

00:46:17.660 voluntarily

00:46:18.240 go

00:46:18.760 so

00:46:19.260 that

00:46:19.440 they

00:46:19.580 can

00:46:19.780 preserve

00:46:20.280 their

00:46:20.520 folkways

00:46:21.140 but

00:46:22.420 we

00:46:22.560 see

00:46:22.860 here

00:46:23.220 the

00:46:23.700 emphasis

00:46:24.280 of

00:46:24.720 Jackson

00:46:25.140 he

00:46:25.820 doesn't

00:46:26.240 want

00:46:26.560 them

00:46:26.740 to

00:46:26.980 give

00:46:27.220 up

00:46:27.460 their

00:46:27.740 distinctive

00:46:28.200 cultures

00:46:28.840 he

00:46:29.720 actually

00:46:30.100 wants

00:46:30.600 to

00:46:31.240 he

00:46:32.080 wants

00:46:32.520 to

00:46:32.680 patronize

00:46:33.280 that

00:46:33.580 and

00:46:34.540 we

00:46:34.820 still

00:46:35.200 do

00:46:35.500 to

00:46:35.680 this

00:46:35.940 day

00:46:36.280 through

00:46:36.920 the

00:46:37.360 Bureau

00:46:37.620 of

00:46:37.820 Indian

00:46:38.100 Affairs

00:46:38.480 in

00:46:39.260 the

00:46:39.440 Department

00:46:39.740 of

00:46:39.940 the

00:46:40.080 Interior

00:46:40.460 that

00:46:40.920 administrates

00:46:41.560 the

00:46:41.720 Indian

00:46:41.960 reservations

00:46:42.500 that

00:46:44.140 is

00:46:44.360 the

00:46:44.620 major

00:46:44.980 reason

00:46:45.500 why

00:46:45.960 we

00:46:46.560 have

00:46:47.140 linguistic

00:46:48.160 studies

00:46:48.840 on

00:46:49.500 the

00:46:49.920 Native

00:46:50.080 American

00:46:50.520 languages

00:46:51.140 why

00:46:51.920 we

00:46:52.140 have

00:46:53.180 a lot

00:46:53.860 of

00:46:54.280 good

00:46:55.640 sources

00:46:56.300 oral

00:46:57.300 history

00:46:57.880 mythology

00:46:58.800 the

00:47:00.160 nations

00:47:00.580 that

00:47:00.880 did

00:47:01.200 preserve

00:47:01.760 their

00:47:02.320 folkways

00:47:02.860 by going

00:47:03.320 to the

00:47:03.620 reservation

00:47:04.120 were able

00:47:04.980 to preserve

00:47:05.620 those

00:47:05.960 things

00:47:06.400 whereas

00:47:06.940 those

00:47:07.640 that

00:47:07.940 stayed

00:47:08.420 tended

00:47:08.920 to

00:47:09.180 amalgamate

00:47:09.900 they

00:47:10.360 submitted

00:47:10.800 finally

00:47:11.300 to the

00:47:11.720 laws

00:47:11.960 of their

00:47:12.300 states

00:47:12.680 there

00:47:14.020 was

00:47:14.380 of course

00:47:14.940 the

00:47:15.700 other

00:47:15.920 option

00:47:16.400 which

00:47:17.400 was

00:47:17.700 staying

00:47:18.260 where

00:47:18.480 they

00:47:18.660 were

00:47:18.980 and

00:47:19.720 insisting

00:47:20.600 on

00:47:21.020 keeping

00:47:21.520 their

00:47:21.820 tribal

00:47:22.300 form

00:47:22.640 of

00:47:22.820 government

00:47:23.260 in

00:47:24.760 that

00:47:25.040 case

00:47:25.460 they

00:47:25.840 came

00:47:26.240 into

00:47:26.580 conflict

00:47:27.080 with

00:47:27.380 the

00:47:27.500 United

00:47:27.720 States

00:47:28.140 government

00:47:28.660 on

00:47:29.880 the

00:47:30.060 grounds

00:47:30.380 of

00:47:30.620 the

00:47:30.880 Indian

00:47:31.460 Removal

00:47:31.900 Act

00:47:32.140 of

00:47:32.260 1830

00:47:32.920 those

00:47:34.420 were

00:47:34.900 the

00:47:35.500 specific

00:47:36.540 tribal

00:47:38.220 bands

00:47:38.780 that

00:47:39.380 found

00:47:39.680 themselves

00:47:40.280 forcibly

00:47:41.020 removed

00:47:41.560 in the

00:47:42.320 famous

00:47:42.620 Trail

00:47:42.900 of

00:47:43.060 Tears

00:47:43.420 that

00:47:44.700 all

00:47:44.900 began

00:47:45.340 under

00:47:46.040 Martin

00:47:46.520 Van

00:47:46.820 Buren

00:47:47.120 Jackson's

00:47:48.380 vice

00:47:48.860 president

00:47:49.300 and

00:47:49.640 successor

00:47:50.120 well

00:47:51.840 Mr.

00:47:52.200 Bagby

00:47:52.500 we are

00:47:53.000 up

00:47:53.160 against

00:47:53.400 the

00:47:53.600 clock

00:47:53.980 and

00:47:54.540 I

00:47:55.040 wanted

00:47:55.600 to

00:47:55.760 get

00:47:55.880 to

00:47:56.000 one

00:47:56.220 more

00:47:56.400 thing

00:47:56.780 before

00:47:57.120 we

00:47:57.340 run

00:47:57.620 out

00:47:57.780 of

00:47:57.900 time

00:47:58.220 and

00:47:58.360 I'm

00:47:58.500 sorry

00:47:58.720 to

00:47:58.880 have

00:47:59.060 to

00:47:59.380 ask

00:47:59.960 you

00:48:00.060 to

00:48:00.180 cram

00:48:00.420 it

00:48:00.540 into

00:48:00.700 such

00:48:00.920 little

00:48:01.160 time

00:48:01.520 left

00:48:01.960 but

00:48:02.380 can

00:48:02.540 you

00:48:02.680 touch

00:48:02.960 briefly

00:48:03.580 on

00:48:03.920 the

00:48:04.040 nullification

00:48:04.500 crisis

00:48:05.380 the

00:48:05.620 scene

00:48:05.840 throughout

00:48:07.020 much

00:48:07.380 of

00:48:07.580 Jackson's

00:48:07.980 presidency

00:48:08.420 seems

00:48:08.820 to

00:48:08.940 be

00:48:09.160 territorial

00:48:13.420 cutting

00:48:13.880 back

00:48:14.320 of

00:48:14.520 government

00:48:14.840 power

00:48:15.380 and

00:48:15.640 the

00:48:15.760 expansion

00:48:16.160 of

00:48:16.800 the

00:48:17.860 federal

00:48:18.440 government

00:48:18.820 as we

00:48:19.120 understand

00:48:19.520 it

00:48:19.860 how

00:48:20.260 does

00:48:20.400 the

00:48:20.580 nullification

00:48:21.140 crisis

00:48:21.640 play

00:48:22.040 into

00:48:22.280 that

00:48:22.680 balance

00:48:23.600 with

00:48:23.820 Jackson

00:48:24.140 that's

00:48:25.740 a

00:48:25.900 fascinating

00:48:26.540 story

00:48:27.260 and

00:48:27.600 obviously

00:48:28.120 there

00:48:28.460 are

00:48:28.540 a lot

00:48:28.780 of

00:48:28.900 elements

00:48:29.400 of

00:48:29.940 Jackson

00:48:30.440 had

00:48:30.860 had

00:48:31.080 a

00:48:31.200 falling

00:48:31.500 out

00:48:31.800 with

00:48:32.060 his

00:48:32.260 first

00:48:32.540 vice

00:48:32.840 president

00:48:33.280 John

00:48:33.680 C.

00:48:33.960 Calhoun

00:48:34.400 of

00:48:34.600 South

00:48:34.820 Carolina

00:48:35.340 John

00:48:36.520 C.

00:48:36.780 Calhoun

00:48:37.240 was

00:48:37.520 the

00:48:37.720 major

00:48:38.020 proponent

00:48:38.700 of

00:48:39.160 the

00:48:39.360 theory

00:48:39.660 of

00:48:39.860 nullification

00:48:40.360 which

00:48:41.720 did

00:48:42.060 not

00:48:43.420 Jackson's

00:48:43.800 administration

00:48:44.420 it

00:48:45.220 goes

00:48:45.440 all

00:48:45.580 the

00:48:45.660 way

00:48:45.780 back

00:48:46.100 to

00:48:46.340 the

00:48:46.680 Adams

00:48:47.360 administration

00:48:48.140 the

00:48:48.680 second

00:48:49.080 president

00:48:49.620 of

00:48:49.820 the

00:48:49.920 United

00:48:50.140 States

00:48:50.560 and

00:48:51.280 the

00:48:51.580 sedition

00:48:52.300 act

00:48:52.740 which

00:48:53.700 curtailed

00:48:54.480 freedom

00:48:54.720 of

00:48:54.940 speech

00:48:55.300 and

00:48:55.460 the

00:48:55.580 press

00:48:55.920 back

00:48:56.280 then

00:48:56.560 Kentucky

00:48:57.240 and

00:48:57.480 Virginia

00:48:57.900 both

00:48:58.460 nullified

00:48:59.020 that

00:48:59.260 act

00:48:59.560 and

00:49:00.080 so

00:49:00.240 that

00:49:00.440 is

00:49:00.600 the

00:49:00.860 origin

00:49:01.440 of

00:49:01.880 the

00:49:02.100 issue

00:49:02.440 as

00:49:03.120 it

00:49:03.300 stood

00:49:03.580 it

00:49:04.200 was

00:49:04.360 seen

00:49:04.560 as

00:49:04.720 a

00:49:04.860 Jeffersonian

00:49:05.560 issue

00:49:06.040 and

00:49:06.880 Thomas

00:49:07.360 Jefferson

00:49:07.780 the

00:49:08.040 author

00:49:08.280 of

00:49:08.440 the

00:49:08.560 Kentucky

00:49:08.880 resolution

00:49:09.360 is

00:49:10.220 the

00:49:10.580 original

00:49:10.860 author

00:49:13.420 Chauncey

00:49:13.700 Calhoun

00:49:14.200 is

00:49:14.640 Jackson's

00:49:16.520 contemporary

00:49:17.440 the

00:49:18.440 major

00:49:19.240 thinker

00:49:19.860 in

00:49:20.340 those

00:49:20.600 lines

00:49:21.040 Jackson

00:49:21.860 falls

00:49:22.240 out

00:49:22.480 with

00:49:22.660 Calhoun

00:49:23.220 for

00:49:23.740 various

00:49:24.160 reasons

00:49:24.700 some

00:49:26.400 of

00:49:26.560 them

00:49:26.660 are

00:49:26.780 very

00:49:26.980 colorful

00:49:27.420 nevertheless

00:49:28.740 Jackson

00:49:30.120 is

00:49:31.480 the

00:49:32.100 executive

00:49:32.840 he is

00:49:33.380 the

00:49:33.560 president

00:49:33.880 of the

00:49:34.080 United

00:49:34.280 States

00:49:34.680 and

00:49:35.240 he

00:49:35.400 is

00:49:35.600 dealing

00:49:35.900 with

00:49:36.540 a

00:49:37.120 law

00:49:37.560 coming

00:49:37.900 from

00:49:38.160 Congress

00:49:38.660 the

00:49:39.580 famous

00:49:40.360 American

00:49:41.240 system

00:49:41.880 of

00:49:42.560 Henry

00:49:42.920 Clay

00:49:43.340 Henry

00:49:44.600 Clay

00:49:45.020 is

00:49:45.660 a

00:49:46.180 student

00:49:46.560 of

00:49:46.940 Hamilton

00:49:47.380 he

00:49:48.420 set

00:49:48.760 up

00:49:48.980 a

00:49:49.280 system

00:49:49.660 of

00:49:50.260 protective

00:49:50.920 tariffs

00:49:51.600 which

00:49:52.620 disadvantage

00:49:53.480 the

00:49:54.040 agricultural

00:49:54.580 states

00:49:55.240 and

00:49:56.580 patronize

00:49:57.680 the

00:49:58.060 industrial

00:49:58.540 so the

00:49:59.920 protective

00:50:00.300 tariffs

00:50:00.760 raise

00:50:01.520 the

00:50:01.760 cost

00:50:02.220 of

00:50:02.700 goods

00:50:03.140 in

00:50:03.900 the

00:50:04.380 states

00:50:04.680 that

00:50:04.940 import

00:50:05.660 manufactured

00:50:06.680 goods

00:50:07.100 it

00:50:08.360 artificially

00:50:08.940 raises

00:50:09.360 the

00:50:09.620 cost

00:50:09.980 of

00:50:10.460 their

00:50:10.820 foreign

00:50:11.300 imports

00:50:11.860 to

00:50:12.420 make

00:50:12.640 American

00:50:13.140 made

00:50:13.440 goods

00:50:13.820 more

00:50:14.440 competitive

00:50:15.020 South

00:50:16.780 Carolina

00:50:17.260 objects

00:50:17.820 to

00:50:18.040 this

00:50:18.260 because

00:50:18.620 of

00:50:19.140 the

00:50:19.300 special

00:50:19.680 patronage

00:50:20.500 that

00:50:20.940 it

00:50:21.200 represents

00:50:21.860 and

00:50:22.980 this

00:50:23.160 is

00:50:23.400 Calhoun's

00:50:24.080 contention

00:50:24.620 Andrew

00:50:26.120 Jackson

00:50:26.700 oversees

00:50:27.920 this

00:50:28.460 bill

00:50:29.340 signs

00:50:29.700 this

00:50:29.920 bill

00:50:30.160 into

00:50:30.360 law

00:50:30.640 has

00:50:32.480 his

00:50:33.400 criticisms

00:50:34.080 of the

00:50:34.560 policy

00:50:35.000 obviously

00:50:35.500 he has

00:50:36.000 acted

00:50:36.400 mostly

00:50:36.800 against

00:50:37.240 Hamilton's

00:50:37.780 interpretation

00:50:38.220 but

00:50:38.960 he does

00:50:39.300 sign

00:50:39.600 this

00:50:39.780 bill

00:50:39.980 into

00:50:40.220 law

00:50:40.520 with

00:50:40.960 the

00:50:41.060 majority

00:50:41.400 from

00:50:41.740 Congress

00:50:42.260 South

00:50:44.160 Carolina

00:50:44.560 then

00:50:44.800 announces

00:50:45.280 that

00:50:45.680 they

00:50:46.080 will

00:50:46.320 nullify

00:50:47.020 the

00:50:47.700 tariff

00:50:48.160 they

00:50:48.820 will

00:50:49.060 not

00:50:49.320 collect

00:50:49.700 the

00:50:49.900 tax

00:50:50.280 in

00:50:50.820 the

00:50:50.960 port

00:50:51.120 of

00:50:51.260 Charleston

00:50:51.780 Jackson

00:50:53.460 responds

00:50:53.980 by

00:50:54.260 calling

00:50:55.960 for

00:50:56.340 the

00:50:56.860 force

00:50:57.240 bill

00:50:57.580 which

00:50:58.260 gets

00:50:58.740 passed

00:50:59.060 through

00:50:59.280 Congress

00:50:59.700 enabling

00:51:00.440 the

00:51:00.700 president

00:51:01.060 to

00:51:01.860 send

00:51:03.920 troops

00:51:04.320 to

00:51:04.520 South

00:51:04.700 Carolina

00:51:05.160 to

00:51:05.860 enforce

00:51:06.860 federal

00:51:07.400 law

00:51:07.840 and

00:51:08.160 tax

00:51:08.480 collection

00:51:09.020 Henry

00:51:10.240 Clay

00:51:10.620 is

00:51:10.860 appalled

00:51:11.400 by

00:51:11.700 that

00:51:12.120 this

00:51:13.200 is

00:51:13.440 Jackson

00:51:13.960 at

00:51:14.280 his

00:51:14.540 most

00:51:14.880 pugnacious

00:51:15.540 as

00:51:16.220 president

00:51:16.680 Henry

00:51:18.460 Clay

00:51:18.900 does

00:51:19.520 not

00:51:19.780 believe

00:51:20.240 that

00:51:20.960 this

00:51:22.340 is

00:51:22.520 the

00:51:22.660 right

00:51:22.800 way

00:51:23.000 of

00:51:23.120 doing

00:51:23.300 things

00:51:23.580 at

00:51:23.680 all

00:51:23.820 even

00:51:24.060 though

00:51:24.300 it

00:51:24.540 is

00:51:24.880 his

00:51:25.160 brain

00:51:25.460 child

00:51:25.760 even

00:51:26.040 though

00:51:26.320 the

00:51:26.820 protective

00:51:27.260 tariffs

00:51:27.780 the

00:51:28.600 American

00:51:28.980 system

00:51:29.460 to

00:51:29.940 build

00:51:30.200 infrastructure

00:51:30.820 with

00:51:31.260 the

00:51:31.440 proceeds

00:51:31.900 of

00:51:32.260 these

00:51:32.460 tariffs

00:51:32.800 that's

00:51:33.540 what

00:51:33.680 he

00:51:33.860 is

00:51:34.060 always

00:51:34.480 been

00:51:34.640 about

00:51:35.000 in

00:51:35.500 Congress

00:51:35.900 so

00:51:37.000 Clay

00:51:37.420 goes

00:51:38.060 back

00:51:38.440 into

00:51:38.820 the

00:51:39.060 Senate

00:51:39.300 drafts

00:51:40.240 a new

00:51:40.440 bill

00:51:40.620 to

00:51:40.840 repeal

00:51:41.520 his

00:51:42.240 hated

00:51:42.840 tariff

00:51:43.380 of

00:51:43.540 abominations

00:51:44.500 so-called

00:51:45.500 in

00:51:45.700 South

00:51:45.940 Carolina

00:51:46.400 and

00:51:47.880 he

00:51:48.180 gets

00:51:48.580 the

00:51:49.100 bill

00:51:49.480 through

00:51:49.880 Congress

00:51:50.620 to

00:51:51.000 repeal

00:51:51.640 the

00:51:52.280 obnoxious

00:51:53.300 law

00:51:53.780 before

00:51:54.800 troops

00:51:55.440 arrive

00:51:55.880 in

00:51:56.060 South

00:51:56.280 Carolina

00:51:56.760 so

00:51:57.220 he

00:51:57.460 defuses

00:51:58.200 the

00:51:58.740 situation

00:51:59.360 this

00:52:01.040 is one

00:52:01.380 of the

00:52:01.720 great

00:52:02.420 things

00:52:02.860 about

00:52:03.180 Henry

00:52:03.480 Clay

00:52:03.840 a man

00:52:04.320 of

00:52:04.460 compromise

00:52:05.060 a man

00:52:06.060 who

00:52:06.260 believed

00:52:06.620 in the

00:52:06.900 union

00:52:07.200 who

00:52:07.420 did

00:52:07.560 not

00:52:07.740 believe

00:52:08.000 in

00:52:08.180 forcing

00:52:08.520 these

00:52:08.820 issues

00:52:09.200 when he

00:52:09.600 saw

00:52:09.900 how

00:52:10.380 strongly

00:52:10.880 his

00:52:11.160 opponents

00:52:11.660 objected

00:52:12.460 to it

00:52:12.780 that they

00:52:13.280 were willing

00:52:13.720 to risk

00:52:14.380 bloodshed

00:52:15.160 he did

00:52:15.780 not believe

00:52:16.300 American

00:52:16.720 taxes

00:52:17.180 should

00:52:17.540 ever result

00:52:18.300 in

00:52:18.600 bloodshed

00:52:19.140 so

00:52:20.920 so

00:52:20.940 that

00:52:21.100 was

00:52:21.280 how

00:52:21.480 that

00:52:21.800 whole

00:52:22.280 crisis

00:52:22.700 was

00:52:23.100 diffused

00:52:23.800 it's

00:52:24.320 notable

00:52:24.600 to

00:52:24.900 observe

00:52:27.360 here

00:52:27.760 South

00:52:28.200 Carolina

00:52:28.640 believed

00:52:29.040 that

00:52:29.220 they

00:52:29.360 had

00:52:29.500 won

00:52:29.780 they

00:52:32.180 thought

00:52:32.400 that

00:52:32.560 they

00:52:32.660 had

00:52:32.760 gotten

00:52:32.980 exactly

00:52:33.340 what

00:52:33.580 they

00:52:33.700 wanted

00:52:33.920 the

00:52:34.120 tax

00:52:34.400 was

00:52:34.600 repealed

00:52:35.080 troops

00:52:36.280 did

00:52:36.500 not

00:52:36.700 arrive

00:52:37.020 to

00:52:37.180 collect

00:52:37.480 it

00:52:37.640 and

00:52:38.240 they

00:52:38.440 believed

00:52:38.820 that

00:52:38.980 they

00:52:39.080 were

00:52:39.200 the

00:52:39.340 victors

00:52:39.700 of

00:52:39.880 the

00:52:40.000 situation

00:52:40.540 well

00:52:42.540 like I

00:52:43.100 said

00:52:43.320 this

00:52:43.540 presidency

00:52:44.220 is

00:52:45.080 incredibly

00:52:46.020 important

00:52:46.520 so much

00:52:47.240 happened

00:52:47.580 we can

00:52:47.920 tell

00:52:48.080 just from

00:52:48.440 the few

00:52:48.900 issues

00:52:49.600 that we

00:52:49.880 touched

00:52:50.180 on

00:52:50.540 that

00:52:50.740 this

00:52:51.100 echoes

00:52:51.540 through

00:52:52.020 American

00:52:52.520 history

00:52:53.080 the

00:52:53.980 impact

00:52:55.180 is still

00:52:55.840 something

00:52:56.140 that we're

00:52:56.480 dealing

00:52:56.780 with

00:52:57.180 today

00:52:57.780 many

00:52:58.240 of

00:52:58.440 these

00:52:58.620 tensions

00:52:59.020 and

00:52:59.300 forces

00:52:59.680 just

00:53:01.120 represent

00:53:02.340 much

00:53:02.740 of what

00:53:03.140 we are

00:53:03.380 looking

00:53:03.660 at

00:53:03.960 in our

00:53:04.260 contemporary

00:53:04.740 American

00:53:05.280 problems

00:53:05.860 and so

00:53:06.700 obviously

00:53:07.080 we could

00:53:07.420 talk about

00:53:08.140 this for

00:53:08.580 a very

00:53:08.880 long

00:53:09.120 time

00:53:09.360 but

00:53:09.500 hopefully

00:53:09.780 this

00:53:10.040 serves

00:53:10.320 as an

00:53:10.620 introduction

00:53:11.060 for

00:53:11.760 people

00:53:12.020 who

00:53:12.200 are

00:53:12.340 interested

00:53:12.760 to

00:53:12.940 Andrew

00:53:13.260 Jackson

00:53:13.680 if

00:53:14.040 they

00:53:14.200 want

00:53:14.360 to

00:53:14.460 learn

00:53:14.640 more

00:53:15.060 are

00:53:15.580 there

00:53:15.760 any

00:53:15.940 sources

00:53:16.440 that

00:53:16.920 you

00:53:17.260 would

00:53:17.860 suggest

00:53:18.620 and

00:53:19.260 where

00:53:19.600 can

00:53:19.740 people

00:53:19.980 go

00:53:20.320 to

00:53:20.500 find

00:53:20.760 more

00:53:21.040 of

00:53:21.260 your

00:53:21.460 work

00:53:21.720 if

00:53:21.840 they'd

00:53:22.020 like

00:53:22.160 to

00:53:22.400 understand

00:53:23.060 this

00:53:23.260 better

00:53:23.520 absolutely

00:53:24.720 I've

00:53:25.720 got

00:53:26.040 a

00:53:26.760 publishing

00:53:27.520 house

00:53:28.000 it's

00:53:28.260 called

00:53:28.520 tall

00:53:29.100 men

00:53:29.600 books

00:53:30.200 you

00:53:30.960 can

00:53:31.160 find

00:53:31.500 me

00:53:31.820 at

00:53:32.220 www.tall

00:53:34.040 men

00:53:34.580 books

00:53:35.200 dot com

00:53:36.100 and I

00:53:37.100 have

00:53:37.260 republished

00:53:37.980 a volume

00:53:38.860 about

00:53:39.420 Andrew

00:53:39.820 Jackson

00:53:40.260 called

00:53:40.880 The

00:53:41.180 Reign

00:53:41.520 of

00:53:41.660 Andrew

00:53:41.960 Jackson

00:53:42.380 by

00:53:42.760 Frederick

00:53:43.200 Aug

00:53:43.600 I

00:53:44.720 added

00:53:45.180 an

00:53:45.660 appendix

00:53:46.300 of

00:53:46.880 his

00:53:47.260 public

00:53:47.640 papers

00:53:48.140 including

00:53:48.960 the speech

00:53:49.900 about

00:53:50.260 the

00:53:50.440 Indian

00:53:50.700 nations

00:53:51.180 that he

00:53:51.540 gave

00:53:51.800 to

00:53:51.960 Congress

00:53:52.340 in

00:53:52.560 28

00:53:52.900 you

00:53:54.180 can

00:53:54.360 find

00:53:54.620 all

00:53:54.760 that

00:53:54.960 there

00:53:55.140 on

00:53:55.260 my

00:53:55.400 website

00:53:55.740 and

00:53:55.920 I

00:53:56.060 have

00:53:56.420 many

00:53:56.620 other

00:53:56.840 books

00:53:57.080 available

00:53:57.440 there

00:53:57.700 well

00:53:59.740 fantastic

00:54:00.180 guys

00:54:00.440 like I

00:54:00.720 said

00:54:00.900 Bagby

00:54:01.260 is

00:54:01.580 a

00:54:01.840 phenomenal

00:54:02.380 explainer

00:54:03.140 of

00:54:03.360 history

00:54:03.800 and

00:54:04.140 he

00:54:04.280 also

00:54:04.520 curates

00:54:05.080 some

00:54:05.420 very

00:54:05.740 important

00:54:06.160 books

00:54:06.480 that

00:54:06.920 otherwise

00:54:07.200 are

00:54:07.560 left

00:54:07.920 out

00:54:08.220 of

00:54:08.320 the

00:54:08.460 conversation

00:54:09.060 so

00:54:09.360 make

00:54:09.580 sure

00:54:09.840 you

00:54:10.080 are

00:54:10.220 going

00:54:10.500 over

00:54:10.820 and

00:54:11.400 helping

00:54:11.800 out

00:54:12.280 make

00:54:12.660 sure

00:54:12.800 you're

00:54:13.100 checking

00:54:13.320 out

00:54:13.540 his

00:54:13.860 content

00:54:14.560 if

00:54:14.820 it's

00:54:14.960 your

00:54:15.060 first

00:54:15.200 time

00:54:15.420 on

00:54:15.740 this

00:54:16.180 channel

00:54:16.560 remember

00:54:16.920 you

00:54:22.900 live

00:54:23.220 today

00:54:23.520 this

00:54:23.780 is

00:54:23.960 pre-recorded

00:54:24.620 so

00:54:24.740 we

00:54:24.880 cannot

00:54:25.240 answer

00:54:25.560 your

00:54:25.720 questions

00:54:26.100 very

00:54:26.380 sorry

00:54:26.680 about

00:54:26.980 that

00:54:27.300 if

00:54:27.680 you

00:54:27.760 want

00:54:27.880 to

00:54:27.960 get

00:54:28.160 these

00:54:28.560 broadcast

00:54:29.020 as

00:54:29.380 podcasts

00:54:29.940 you

00:54:30.080 need

00:54:30.200 to

00:54:30.300 subscribe

00:54:30.660 to

00:54:30.860 or

00:54:30.980 McIntyre

00:54:31.520 show

00:54:31.720 on

00:54:32.000 your

00:54:32.140 favorite

00:54:32.360 podcast

00:54:32.800 platform

00:54:33.340 and

00:54:33.800 when

00:54:33.940 you

00:54:34.060 do

00:54:34.220 if

00:54:34.380 you

00:54:34.480 leave

00:54:34.660 a

00:54:34.780 rating

00:54:35.020 or

00:54:35.340 review

00:54:35.620 it

00:54:35.840 really

00:54:36.040 helps

00:54:36.320 with

00:54:36.500 the

00:54:36.620 algorithm

00:54:36.960 magic

00:54:37.360 thank

00:54:37.680 you

00:54:37.800 everybody

00:54:38.080 for

00:54:38.360 watching

00:54:38.740 and

00:54:38.960 as

00:54:39.080 always

00:54:39.520 I'll

00:54:40.240 talk

00:54:40.440 to

00:54:40.540 you

00:54:40.620 next

00:54:40.820 time

The Auron MacIntyre Show - February 06, 2026

Andrew Jackson and the Imperial Presidency ｜ Guest： George Bagby ｜ 2⧸6⧸26

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