The Auron MacIntyre Show - February 06, 2026


Andrew Jackson and the Imperial Presidency | Guest: George Bagby | 2⧸6⧸26


Episode Stats

Length

54 minutes

Words per Minute

129.06726

Word Count

7,058

Sentence Count

143

Misogynist Sentences

6

Hate Speech Sentences

11


Summary

George Bagby, a history expert, joins me to discuss the life and presidency of Andrew Jackson. We discuss Jackson s life, his presidency, and the impact he had on American history. We also discuss the impact his presidency had on our understanding of the presidency and what we can learn from it.


Transcript

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00:00:30.000 Hey everybody, how's it going?
00:00:31.600 Thanks for joining me this afternoon.
00:00:33.020 I've got a great stream with a great guest
00:00:34.580 that I think you're really going to enjoy.
00:00:36.800 Andrew Jackson was one of the lions
00:00:39.920 that occupied the executive office in the United States.
00:00:43.460 Well known as a general, a war hero, a statesman,
00:00:47.000 and a guy who was not afraid to use executive power.
00:00:51.280 He pushed many boundaries,
00:00:52.400 but he was also considered a great leader.
00:00:55.100 Sometimes he's painted as a villain,
00:00:56.800 sometimes he is painted as a hero,
00:00:58.580 but the one thing he was, was interesting and decisive.
00:01:02.140 I think there's a lot that we can learn from this president,
00:01:04.880 and I have an excellent guest joining us to talk about it.
00:01:08.040 Mr. George Bagby is a history expert.
00:01:10.560 Thank you so much for coming on, sir.
00:01:13.000 Thank you very much for having me.
00:01:14.260 It's great to be here.
00:01:15.780 Absolutely.
00:01:16.220 I know we've been playing this for a while,
00:01:17.900 and I think it's still so important
00:01:19.800 because given the context of Jackson's presidency,
00:01:23.900 I think there are many parallels that we can draw to today.
00:01:26.920 Obviously, it's not a one-to-one.
00:01:28.240 I don't think Donald Trump is an Andrew Jackson,
00:01:30.740 but I do think there are things he can learn from Andrew Jackson.
00:01:34.080 We can all learn,
00:01:35.240 and I think it's fascinating to look back at the executive
00:01:38.320 because so many people today look at the presidency
00:01:41.520 as we see it in the modern era,
00:01:44.020 and it seems somehow weak.
00:01:46.120 It confuses people as what's actually part of the American tradition,
00:01:50.460 what would be some kind of authoritarian overreach,
00:01:53.260 and what is well within our understanding of presidential action.
00:01:57.680 So I think this will be very valuable.
00:02:00.540 Now, I know this topic is really large,
00:02:03.600 and so we could probably spend a very long time in there.
00:02:07.220 There are, of course, several very large books
00:02:09.240 written on Andrew Jackson, his presidency, and his life,
00:02:12.820 but obviously we have to narrow it down a little bit.
00:02:15.440 So maybe you can give just some of the basics
00:02:17.980 for Andrew Jackson's kind of life beginnings,
00:02:21.180 that kind of thing,
00:02:21.980 before we move into kind of the more exciting parts of his presidency.
00:02:27.420 Absolutely.
00:02:28.840 Jackson is a figure that is still present in our discourse,
00:02:33.520 mostly people voicing negative opinions about him.
00:02:37.980 He's been the subject of a lot of negative propaganda
00:02:40.500 for the last couple generations at least,
00:02:43.820 but it's also notable that Trump in both of his administrations
00:02:48.680 replaced the presidential portrait in the Oval Office
00:02:52.560 with Jackson's portrait.
00:02:54.360 He's obviously taken some inspiration
00:02:56.980 and has a positive admiration of the man.
00:03:00.560 And that is, of course, his origin on the currency,
00:03:05.140 the monuments that still commemorate him around the country.
00:03:07.900 We weren't remembering Jackson for our ability to recall
00:03:12.700 all the things we thought he did wrong,
00:03:14.840 but because he was broadly admired.
00:03:17.200 And he had two terms in office.
00:03:20.260 He was already a remarkable national leader
00:03:24.200 well before he went into politics.
00:03:27.760 He was one of the first pioneers to Tennessee.
00:03:30.020 He married the governor's daughter
00:03:32.840 and then engaged in several notable duels
00:03:37.700 about the honor of his wife.
00:03:40.720 The circumstances of his marriage are a little confusing.
00:03:45.580 His wife was separated and finally divorced
00:03:49.440 from her first husband,
00:03:50.600 which was very unusual in those days.
00:03:53.600 We still don't know the details of why,
00:03:57.440 but the divorce technically wasn't finalized
00:04:01.120 before Jackson took her away on their honeymoon.
00:04:04.500 And so Jackson was taunted for the rest of his life
00:04:07.140 for the technical bigamy of his marriage.
00:04:11.720 But his reputation really makes a national prominence
00:04:17.480 with his success in the War of 1812.
00:04:20.560 First, he defeated the Creek Nation in Alabama,
00:04:24.580 which had acted as a proxy of the British Empire in the West.
00:04:29.360 He conquers most of Alabama
00:04:31.700 through his success in the Creek War.
00:04:34.640 And then he moves on to Pensacola and New Orleans,
00:04:38.300 finally defeating the British expeditionary force
00:04:42.320 in New Orleans in one of the most lopsided
00:04:44.420 and total victories in American military history.
00:04:48.200 The British losing over 2,000,
00:04:51.800 including two generals dead on the field
00:04:54.220 and Jackson only losing a few dead
00:04:57.600 and a few wounded, less than 20 in total.
00:05:01.780 So this was what propelled Jackson onto the national stage.
00:05:06.000 There were very few leaders in the War of 1812
00:05:09.160 that could point to creditable action during the war.
00:05:13.660 And Jackson becomes a name spoken by every American
00:05:19.500 reflecting on that history.
00:05:21.620 So he's put into national politics at that point.
00:05:25.920 He actually loses his first presidential campaign.
00:05:29.840 But by 1828, we'd seen the ascension
00:05:33.740 of two fascinating and dynamic presidents,
00:05:37.700 James Monroe and John Quincy Adams,
00:05:40.660 James Monroe was looking back on the inability
00:05:53.760 of Americans to defend their own coastline
00:05:57.240 in the War of 1812.
00:05:59.760 The British had occupied parts of Long Island.
00:06:03.400 They had burned towns in Connecticut.
00:06:05.640 They had invaded parts of Maine.
00:06:09.660 And obviously, they also penetrated the Chesapeake Bay,
00:06:13.620 bombarding Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor
00:06:16.540 and invading and taking Washington, D.C.,
00:06:21.200 burning the Capitol and the White House
00:06:23.360 and making President Madison a refugee
00:06:26.940 with no seat of government in the last year of the war.
00:06:31.200 This was a colossal humiliation.
00:06:35.720 And so James Monroe had a mandate
00:06:38.480 to make sure that would never happen again.
00:06:42.260 He began a massive fortress-building campaign
00:06:45.440 and greatly expanded the size of the United States Navy.
00:06:50.700 After James Monroe,
00:06:52.240 we have the very interesting single term
00:06:55.780 of John Quincy Adams,
00:06:57.560 the son of our second president, John Adams,
00:07:01.220 a highly educated man,
00:07:04.240 a man of great imagination,
00:07:06.600 but obviously a man of the Hamiltonian persuasion.
00:07:11.340 He believed that the clauses of the Constitution,
00:07:15.940 that the federal government had power
00:07:18.020 to do what was in the general welfare
00:07:21.000 and to do what they saw as necessary and proper,
00:07:27.660 both contentious clauses
00:07:30.280 that lent themselves to different interpretations,
00:07:34.760 John Quincy Adams believed was licensed
00:07:38.120 to really any kind of government expansion
00:07:41.420 he thought would be beneficial in some way.
00:07:44.940 He proposed a national observatory
00:07:47.920 to hire all the clever people from New England
00:07:51.300 to gaze at the stars.
00:07:54.160 Obviously, this has an element of public interest,
00:07:57.920 the navigation of the seas being a great public good,
00:08:01.820 but not something mentioned in the Constitution.
00:08:04.840 He suggested a national university,
00:08:07.300 where certainly he would hire
00:08:08.920 all of his clever colleagues from Harvard days
00:08:11.540 to patronize.
00:08:15.220 He suggested a national laboratory,
00:08:17.740 where anyone with an interesting focus
00:08:22.580 could come and do inventions,
00:08:25.320 find inventions to benefit the whole of humanity,
00:08:29.680 in the words of John Quincy Adams.
00:08:33.880 He greatly expands the civil service
00:08:36.520 during his tenure,
00:08:37.960 and he pitches all these ideas
00:08:40.260 that don't really go anywhere in his time.
00:08:43.280 But the burdens of those policies
00:08:45.860 greatly increased the national debt.
00:08:48.560 Another brainchild of Alexander Hamilton
00:08:51.240 and his expansive view of government
00:08:54.080 and his vision for a government
00:08:57.760 that protects domestic industry.
00:09:00.820 He wanted government policies
00:09:03.040 that protect industry with tariffs
00:09:05.820 and use the proceeds
00:09:08.060 of those protective tariffs
00:09:09.380 to build infrastructure
00:09:10.920 to amplify the competitive quality
00:09:15.180 of American business.
00:09:17.900 These are the issues of the time,
00:09:21.200 and the response to them
00:09:22.940 had come from Thomas Jefferson
00:09:25.020 and his disciples,
00:09:26.480 who ultimately, Andrew Jackson,
00:09:29.840 comes to represent.
00:09:30.980 He is elected in 1828,
00:09:34.820 where we see a sharp division
00:09:37.440 between the seats of political power
00:09:41.440 in the country.
00:09:43.360 The North Seaboard states,
00:09:46.460 New England and New York City,
00:09:49.220 vote for John Quincy Adams
00:09:51.060 for a second term.
00:09:53.260 The whole South
00:09:54.780 and also the burgeoning Western states
00:09:57.640 vote for Jackson.
00:09:59.280 And so we see this split
00:10:02.100 between the city element,
00:10:04.860 the mercantile and industrial element,
00:10:07.560 who are supportive
00:10:08.560 of the Hamiltonian policies
00:10:10.900 they see with John Quincy Adams,
00:10:13.620 and we see the more Jeffersonian
00:10:18.020 laissez-faire element
00:10:19.940 in the South, in the West,
00:10:22.500 overwhelmingly agricultural,
00:10:25.260 supporting Jackson,
00:10:26.360 their great hero
00:10:27.780 from the War of 1812.
00:10:30.280 So early on here
00:10:32.120 in American history,
00:10:33.840 and guys,
00:10:34.300 just want to let you know
00:10:34.940 this is pre-recorded.
00:10:36.200 I'm traveling,
00:10:37.040 so we cannot take questions today.
00:10:40.020 So I appreciate your super chats,
00:10:41.840 but just want to let you know
00:10:42.560 we won't be able to answer them
00:10:43.860 live in today's broadcast.
00:10:46.060 But here early on
00:10:47.700 in American history,
00:10:48.980 we see this tension
00:10:51.140 that exists between
00:10:52.320 the urban and the rural,
00:10:53.980 the North and more of the South,
00:10:57.440 those who are interested
00:10:59.100 in consolidating power,
00:11:01.540 expanding territory,
00:11:03.060 building shipping lanes,
00:11:04.700 creating a domestic
00:11:05.980 manufacturing industry,
00:11:07.620 and those that are more agrarian
00:11:09.800 who would not benefit
00:11:11.280 from something like
00:11:12.160 a trade, a tariff system.
00:11:14.400 And so these very elements
00:11:16.900 that we can still feel
00:11:18.260 the echoes of today
00:11:19.340 that we felt through
00:11:20.060 probably the Civil War
00:11:21.180 and up until even
00:11:22.720 probably the modern tension
00:11:24.520 between Trump
00:11:25.460 and our current elites,
00:11:26.940 those seeds of conflict
00:11:28.880 in kind of our American identity
00:11:30.680 reach all the way back
00:11:32.300 to the election of Jackson.
00:11:35.920 Indeed.
00:11:37.620 And they're quite evident
00:11:39.500 still today,
00:11:40.300 especially the elites,
00:11:43.160 the establishment elites,
00:11:44.280 who we see really making a play
00:11:46.240 in this contentious election
00:11:48.480 of 1828.
00:11:50.860 The journalist class
00:11:52.880 plays a very special role
00:11:55.140 in this election.
00:11:56.840 It is a very bitter election.
00:12:00.080 It's ironic
00:12:00.840 that John Quincy Adams,
00:12:03.700 who was Andrew Jackson's
00:12:06.340 great friend
00:12:07.380 in the Monroe administration,
00:12:10.160 he actually was very supportive
00:12:12.380 of Andrew Jackson
00:12:13.580 in Jackson's impudent invasion
00:12:16.920 of Spanish-held Florida
00:12:18.540 in 1817.
00:12:20.060 He rallied to Jackson
00:12:21.740 and backed him to the hilt.
00:12:24.280 It's ironic they had
00:12:25.280 such a bad falling out.
00:12:27.660 But in the 28th election,
00:12:29.460 it was considered
00:12:30.020 to be a very bad form
00:12:31.720 for a candidate for office,
00:12:34.060 for the president's office,
00:12:35.500 to campaign,
00:12:37.040 to make public speeches.
00:12:39.360 And so Adams and Jackson
00:12:41.660 relied on their journalist surrogates
00:12:44.380 to promote their candidacy.
00:12:48.820 The journalists went to
00:12:51.100 very low means
00:12:53.420 to combat their opponents.
00:12:55.980 And Adams's journalists,
00:12:58.560 the establishment city journalists
00:13:00.900 of the Northeast,
00:13:02.640 attacked Jackson
00:13:03.820 as a barbarous brute
00:13:06.640 from the frontier,
00:13:08.040 an unlettered
00:13:09.880 and disgusting
00:13:12.200 sort of man.
00:13:13.360 They also attacked
00:13:14.560 his wife
00:13:15.400 very mercilessly,
00:13:18.540 especially given
00:13:19.660 the circumstances
00:13:20.520 of their marriage.
00:13:21.800 That was all brought out
00:13:22.960 and discussed
00:13:24.040 over dinner tables
00:13:25.160 across the country.
00:13:27.180 And this caused
00:13:28.180 Jackson's wife
00:13:29.280 to despair
00:13:30.860 and be extremely anxious.
00:13:34.820 She suffered very much
00:13:36.460 from all of this talk
00:13:37.780 and dies
00:13:39.120 only a few months
00:13:40.420 before Jackson
00:13:41.380 takes office.
00:13:43.260 So Jackson
00:13:44.140 blames Adams
00:13:46.220 and his supporters
00:13:47.320 for the death
00:13:48.280 of his wife.
00:13:49.520 He's inaugurated
00:13:50.680 while in mourning.
00:13:52.680 He's famously dressed
00:13:53.760 in black
00:13:54.340 for his inauguration
00:13:55.500 and says,
00:13:57.860 God may forgive them,
00:13:59.900 but I won't
00:14:01.040 about the journalists
00:14:02.940 in particular.
00:14:03.760 So the shrill tone
00:14:07.320 of electoral politics
00:14:09.480 in the newspapers
00:14:10.560 is an important note there.
00:14:13.320 Jackson takes office
00:14:14.600 to a massive
00:14:18.020 cheering crowd.
00:14:19.940 His supporters
00:14:20.600 are mostly
00:14:21.960 the farmers
00:14:23.200 from the South
00:14:24.440 and the West.
00:14:25.560 They travel
00:14:26.300 great distances
00:14:27.200 to see his inauguration.
00:14:29.700 And these were the days
00:14:30.760 when a private citizen
00:14:32.440 could get admittance
00:14:33.620 to the White House.
00:14:35.820 Jackson is inaugurated.
00:14:37.640 Everyone waits
00:14:38.480 with bated breath
00:14:39.380 what he will say
00:14:40.340 in his inaugural address
00:14:41.660 because he hasn't given
00:14:43.660 any public statements
00:14:45.020 of policy.
00:14:46.560 He is a Democrat,
00:14:48.260 which means
00:14:48.820 that he's allied
00:14:49.720 with Thomas Jefferson's
00:14:51.520 ideas
00:14:52.140 of the Constitution
00:14:53.400 and a more agrarian vision
00:14:55.860 of the economy,
00:14:57.100 but no one knows
00:14:58.220 what he will say.
00:15:00.260 And he announces
00:15:01.200 his policy there.
00:15:02.200 But the inaugural party
00:15:04.860 is lambasted
00:15:06.660 by the media
00:15:07.500 as the reign
00:15:09.160 of King Mob,
00:15:11.380 enthusiastic farmers
00:15:13.440 from rustic parts.
00:15:16.160 They come into
00:15:16.900 the White House.
00:15:17.860 They stand
00:15:18.900 on the furniture
00:15:19.740 and dirty it
00:15:21.460 with their muddy boots.
00:15:22.880 They drink
00:15:23.560 too much punch
00:15:24.540 and are raucous
00:15:27.780 and disruptive.
00:15:30.780 And Jackson actually
00:15:32.140 escapes out the back door
00:15:34.100 to go and spend
00:15:35.520 his first night
00:15:36.440 as president
00:15:37.380 in a private house.
00:15:40.100 But this is
00:15:41.920 mocked across the media
00:15:44.140 as a sign
00:15:45.880 of the low quality
00:15:47.840 of Jackson's supporters
00:15:49.440 that all
00:15:51.200 of these
00:15:51.720 uneducated
00:15:53.120 ruffians
00:15:54.120 are taking over
00:15:55.460 the federal government
00:15:56.660 of who knows
00:15:58.160 what they're going
00:15:58.820 to do to it.
00:16:00.440 We had
00:16:01.360 this highly educated
00:16:03.020 man as president
00:16:04.140 just before Jackson,
00:16:06.040 John Quincy Adams,
00:16:07.220 who's probably
00:16:08.360 one of the more
00:16:09.900 capable intellectuals
00:16:11.560 we've ever had
00:16:12.440 in the White House,
00:16:13.560 had his degree
00:16:14.420 from Harvard,
00:16:15.480 saw many years
00:16:16.540 of foreign service,
00:16:17.720 spoke a half-dozen
00:16:19.460 languages,
00:16:20.760 a very imaginative
00:16:21.960 guy,
00:16:22.380 whatever else
00:16:23.200 you might say
00:16:23.680 about him.
00:16:24.780 And now we have
00:16:25.760 this man
00:16:26.260 who has no
00:16:27.140 formal education
00:16:28.280 and his supporters
00:16:30.320 are all of these
00:16:31.820 barbarous farmers
00:16:33.260 from distant parts.
00:16:35.480 What will become
00:16:36.500 of our national
00:16:37.820 organizations,
00:16:39.380 our civil service
00:16:40.300 and the like?
00:16:41.440 So it's not
00:16:42.420 hard to see
00:16:43.640 the parallels here,
00:16:44.740 I think,
00:16:45.280 probably for a lot
00:16:45.960 of people
00:16:46.380 between
00:16:47.380 the current
00:16:48.540 understanding
00:16:49.700 you have Trump
00:16:50.260 coming in
00:16:50.940 after Barack Obama
00:16:52.960 and that contrast
00:16:54.640 and how crazy
00:16:56.120 that drives
00:16:56.840 the left
00:16:57.740 because we had
00:16:59.060 this college
00:17:00.680 professor
00:17:01.320 and this community
00:17:02.260 organizer
00:17:02.820 and he was educated
00:17:04.680 and he came
00:17:05.320 from the right class
00:17:06.300 and he used
00:17:06.820 the right words
00:17:07.540 and his supporters
00:17:08.600 were well-heeled
00:17:10.920 and now
00:17:11.640 here's Trump
00:17:12.480 with his basket
00:17:13.400 of deplorables,
00:17:14.640 truck drivers
00:17:15.620 and car dealership
00:17:17.580 owners
00:17:18.060 and all these
00:17:20.260 unwashed masses
00:17:21.600 of average
00:17:23.040 working people
00:17:24.040 who are suddenly
00:17:24.920 backing him
00:17:26.060 without any kind
00:17:26.820 of degrees
00:17:27.400 or understanding.
00:17:29.120 You can feel
00:17:29.720 a very similar energy
00:17:30.640 even down to
00:17:31.500 extremely hostile
00:17:33.080 journalists
00:17:34.000 trying to
00:17:34.900 smear the wife.
00:17:36.160 I was actually
00:17:36.760 at Andrew Jackson's
00:17:38.060 hermitage
00:17:38.560 not that long ago
00:17:39.580 and so just
00:17:40.840 the stories
00:17:41.500 the tragic story
00:17:42.600 about his wife
00:17:43.300 is very terrible
00:17:44.720 but yeah
00:17:45.460 it's not hard
00:17:46.760 to again
00:17:47.880 see kind of
00:17:48.520 those class
00:17:49.260 conflict parallels
00:17:50.400 that once again
00:17:52.220 are manifesting
00:17:52.840 themselves
00:17:53.260 in our modern
00:17:53.880 politics.
00:17:55.220 Indeed
00:17:55.940 it's an amusing
00:17:57.420 comparison.
00:17:59.660 Well
00:17:59.920 in Jackson's
00:18:01.280 inaugural address
00:18:02.580 he pleases
00:18:04.340 his supporters
00:18:05.520 greatly
00:18:06.080 by identifying
00:18:07.920 corruption
00:18:08.900 in the civil
00:18:09.900 service
00:18:10.560 as a major
00:18:12.220 issue
00:18:12.760 and focus
00:18:13.520 for his
00:18:14.220 administration.
00:18:15.620 He does not
00:18:17.060 like the
00:18:18.220 establishment
00:18:19.220 of a federal
00:18:21.240 corporation
00:18:21.940 in the Bank
00:18:23.080 of the United
00:18:23.720 States.
00:18:24.820 Now this was
00:18:26.040 proposed originally
00:18:27.260 by Alexander
00:18:28.240 Hamilton
00:18:28.720 because of
00:18:30.280 his expansive
00:18:31.680 interpretation
00:18:32.540 of the
00:18:34.040 General Welfare
00:18:34.920 Clause
00:18:35.440 and the
00:18:36.120 Necessary
00:18:36.740 and Proper
00:18:37.200 Clause.
00:18:38.460 He said
00:18:38.800 this is
00:18:40.160 enough of a
00:18:41.300 justification
00:18:41.740 to do something
00:18:42.840 that will be
00:18:43.800 advantageous
00:18:44.940 to business
00:18:45.900 operations
00:18:46.600 and manufacturing
00:18:47.620 in America.
00:18:49.540 A federally
00:18:50.240 chartered
00:18:50.840 corporation
00:18:51.440 that will be
00:18:52.500 the official
00:18:53.240 repository
00:18:53.900 of U.S.
00:18:55.220 Treasury
00:18:55.640 funds.
00:18:57.040 That gives
00:18:57.800 this private
00:18:59.100 bank
00:18:59.680 it has
00:19:00.720 the name
00:19:01.240 Bank of
00:19:01.680 the United
00:19:02.080 States.
00:19:03.420 The federal
00:19:04.020 government does
00:19:04.900 own shares
00:19:05.720 in it
00:19:06.220 but it is
00:19:07.200 a privately
00:19:07.820 run institution
00:19:08.860 with special
00:19:10.700 privileges.
00:19:12.480 They have
00:19:12.880 the special
00:19:13.680 privilege of
00:19:15.040 having the
00:19:16.040 deposit of
00:19:16.680 the treasury
00:19:17.140 funds
00:19:17.680 and that
00:19:18.680 creates a
00:19:19.520 large pool
00:19:20.200 of credit
00:19:20.780 which they
00:19:21.840 can lend
00:19:22.300 out to
00:19:22.960 the federal
00:19:23.380 government
00:19:23.900 for deficit
00:19:26.120 spending
00:19:26.760 and also
00:19:28.300 to private
00:19:29.020 businesses
00:19:29.560 to expand
00:19:31.000 the industrial
00:19:32.220 capacity
00:19:32.820 of America.
00:19:34.440 That was
00:19:34.920 Hamilton's
00:19:35.560 idea
00:19:35.880 and the
00:19:37.300 Bank of
00:19:38.040 the United
00:19:38.400 States
00:19:38.940 consolidated
00:19:40.100 all of
00:19:41.180 the state
00:19:41.660 debts
00:19:42.240 in our
00:19:43.540 early
00:19:44.100 independence
00:19:44.700 into the
00:19:45.900 national debt
00:19:46.880 which George
00:19:48.340 Washington
00:19:48.840 officiates over.
00:19:49.960 George
00:19:50.120 Washington
00:19:50.520 actually created
00:19:51.400 that debt
00:19:51.940 in a way
00:19:52.920 to bind
00:19:53.840 all the
00:19:54.240 states
00:19:54.540 together
00:19:55.040 because they
00:19:55.980 have a
00:19:56.200 common
00:19:56.540 they have
00:19:57.800 a common
00:19:58.100 benefactor
00:19:58.640 now in
00:19:59.040 the federal
00:19:59.500 government.
00:20:01.460 Because this
00:20:01.640 also created
00:20:02.280 Shade's
00:20:02.640 rebellion
00:20:02.980 when they
00:20:03.580 were attempting
00:20:03.980 to pay out
00:20:04.320 their individual
00:20:04.840 state.
00:20:05.820 That's correct?
00:20:07.820 Yes, that's
00:20:08.400 related to it
00:20:09.160 but that's
00:20:09.560 before the
00:20:10.260 Philadelphia
00:20:10.740 Constitution
00:20:11.360 and it's
00:20:11.980 one of the
00:20:12.440 incentives
00:20:12.820 to reform
00:20:14.000 the Constitution
00:20:14.780 at Philadelphia.
00:20:16.600 But Andrew
00:20:17.700 Jackson says
00:20:18.360 in his
00:20:18.680 inaugural
00:20:19.000 address
00:20:19.460 corruption
00:20:20.860 in some
00:20:21.760 and perversion
00:20:22.880 of correct
00:20:23.660 feelings
00:20:24.300 divert
00:20:25.280 government
00:20:25.860 from its
00:20:26.460 legitimate
00:20:26.900 ends
00:20:27.380 and make
00:20:28.400 it an
00:20:28.760 engine
00:20:29.180 for the
00:20:29.920 support
00:20:30.380 of the
00:20:30.880 few
00:20:31.340 at the
00:20:32.200 expense
00:20:32.780 of the
00:20:33.360 many.
00:20:34.820 So
00:20:34.980 Jackson
00:20:35.440 is identifying
00:20:36.500 this special
00:20:37.860 interest
00:20:38.560 that has been
00:20:39.160 patronized
00:20:39.880 by the
00:20:40.300 federal
00:20:40.500 government
00:20:40.920 and in
00:20:42.020 particular
00:20:42.500 the
00:20:43.080 civil
00:20:43.400 service
00:20:44.020 which
00:20:44.960 Jackson's
00:20:45.720 supporters
00:20:46.220 have
00:20:47.000 identified
00:20:47.560 as a
00:20:48.640 center
00:20:48.900 for
00:20:49.320 federal
00:20:49.720 corruption
00:20:50.280 of
00:20:51.480 people
00:20:52.380 that are
00:20:53.200 connected
00:20:53.740 to
00:20:54.160 previous
00:20:54.600 administrations
00:20:55.400 have
00:20:55.620 gotten
00:20:55.880 themselves
00:20:56.520 easy
00:20:57.380 jobs
00:20:57.980 sinecures
00:20:58.820 in the
00:20:59.460 federal
00:20:59.660 government
00:21:00.060 and the
00:21:01.420 press
00:21:02.000 the
00:21:02.620 democrat
00:21:03.080 press
00:21:03.700 is full
00:21:05.040 of stories
00:21:05.780 at this
00:21:06.260 time
00:21:06.580 of people
00:21:07.440 given
00:21:08.160 make work
00:21:09.100 sorts of
00:21:09.680 jobs
00:21:10.080 as a
00:21:10.660 political
00:21:11.000 reward
00:21:11.620 or
00:21:12.580 in fact
00:21:13.940 being
00:21:15.040 corrupt
00:21:15.640 influences
00:21:16.320 in the
00:21:16.940 federal
00:21:17.140 administration
00:21:17.820 taking
00:21:18.860 materials
00:21:20.500 that are
00:21:21.040 meant
00:21:21.340 for
00:21:21.720 some
00:21:22.000 federal
00:21:22.280 bureaucracy
00:21:22.800 and
00:21:23.080 using
00:21:23.340 it
00:21:23.520 for
00:21:23.660 private
00:21:23.980 use
00:21:24.320 showing
00:21:25.180 up
00:21:25.420 at
00:21:25.540 their
00:21:25.680 job
00:21:26.000 and
00:21:26.180 doing
00:21:26.380 nothing
00:21:26.660 but
00:21:26.900 reading
00:21:27.200 novels
00:21:27.700 or
00:21:28.500 not
00:21:28.760 even
00:21:29.000 showing
00:21:29.340 up
00:21:29.660 and
00:21:30.840 so
00:21:31.020 Jackson
00:21:31.460 has
00:21:32.200 a
00:21:32.360 mandate
00:21:32.680 from
00:21:33.320 his
00:21:33.540 election
00:21:33.960 to
00:21:34.660 investigate
00:21:35.400 to
00:21:36.160 audit
00:21:36.760 the
00:21:37.660 civil
00:21:37.900 service
00:21:38.420 which
00:21:39.340 he
00:21:39.560 starts
00:21:40.040 he
00:21:41.540 appoints
00:21:42.200 in his
00:21:42.720 cabinet
00:21:43.120 one
00:21:43.540 Amos
00:21:44.160 Kendall
00:21:44.700 from
00:21:46.340 Kentucky
00:21:46.860 his
00:21:47.740 secretary
00:21:48.160 of the
00:21:48.520 treasury
00:21:48.900 who
00:21:49.620 announces
00:21:50.280 audits
00:21:51.020 of the
00:21:51.340 civil
00:21:51.560 service
00:21:52.060 and
00:21:53.400 discovers
00:21:54.300 all
00:21:54.920 kinds
00:21:55.240 of
00:21:55.400 corruption
00:21:55.940 Kendall
00:21:57.240 says
00:21:57.760 our
00:21:58.600 investigations
00:21:59.300 into the
00:21:59.880 conduct
00:22:00.320 of the
00:22:00.800 men
00:22:01.020 lately
00:22:01.360 in
00:22:01.560 office
00:22:01.900 are
00:22:02.340 so
00:22:02.700 important
00:22:03.180 the
00:22:03.940 government
00:22:04.260 may
00:22:04.760 recover
00:22:05.240 the
00:22:05.520 money
00:22:05.820 out of
00:22:06.240 which
00:22:06.480 it
00:22:06.700 has
00:22:06.940 been
00:22:07.140 cheated
00:22:07.520 and
00:22:09.560 under
00:22:09.960 Kendall's
00:22:10.620 administration
00:22:11.440 in the
00:22:11.960 treasury
00:22:12.380 historians
00:22:14.080 estimate
00:22:14.680 that
00:22:15.280 between
00:22:15.940 somewhere
00:22:17.220 around
00:22:17.600 one
00:22:17.960 in
00:22:18.140 seven
00:22:18.640 federal
00:22:19.200 bureaucrats
00:22:19.960 are
00:22:20.360 dismissed
00:22:20.800 from
00:22:21.080 office
00:22:21.480 so
00:22:22.920 he
00:22:23.120 culls
00:22:23.640 the
00:22:23.820 civil
00:22:24.080 service
00:22:24.560 he
00:22:26.100 also
00:22:26.440 announces
00:22:27.100 that
00:22:28.060 he
00:22:28.440 intends
00:22:29.020 to
00:22:29.240 pay
00:22:29.520 off
00:22:29.900 the
00:22:30.260 national
00:22:30.640 debt
00:22:31.020 and
00:22:32.120 indeed
00:22:32.580 he
00:22:33.080 is
00:22:33.380 the
00:22:33.580 only
00:22:33.900 president
00:22:34.400 in
00:22:34.840 our
00:22:34.980 history
00:22:35.320 to
00:22:35.600 do
00:22:35.800 so
00:22:36.140 he
00:22:36.820 retires
00:22:37.480 the
00:22:37.700 national
00:22:38.080 debt
00:22:38.420 and
00:22:39.340 also
00:22:39.920 vetoes
00:22:41.200 the
00:22:41.620 charter
00:22:42.040 or
00:22:42.840 the
00:22:43.020 recharter
00:22:43.620 for
00:22:44.220 the
00:22:44.740 single
00:22:45.160 federal
00:22:45.580 corporation
00:22:46.280 in the
00:22:46.840 country
00:22:47.200 the
00:22:47.880 bank
00:22:48.160 of
00:22:48.400 the
00:22:48.540 United
00:22:48.840 States
00:23:06.140 switch
00:23:06.860 switch
00:23:07.060 and
00:23:07.360 get
00:23:07.500 up
00:23:07.620 to
00:23:07.760 55,000
00:23:08.660 Avion
00:23:08.960 points
00:23:09.340 that
00:23:09.740 never
00:23:10.120 expire
00:23:10.580 your
00:23:11.480 idea
00:23:11.780 of
00:23:11.940 never
00:23:12.100 missing
00:23:12.360 out
00:23:12.640 happens
00:23:13.340 here
00:23:13.660 conditions
00:23:14.640 apply
00:23:15.040 visit
00:23:15.600 rbc.com
00:23:16.760 slash
00:23:17.260 Avion
00:23:17.880 he's
00:23:21.420 so
00:23:21.520 this
00:23:21.660 is
00:23:21.820 almost
00:23:22.140 a
00:23:22.460 fusion
00:23:23.100 of
00:23:23.660 the
00:23:23.980 kind
00:23:24.260 of
00:23:24.460 doge
00:23:25.260 mandate
00:23:25.820 Elon
00:23:26.220 Musk
00:23:26.580 agenda
00:23:27.120 of
00:23:27.680 cutting
00:23:28.200 the
00:23:28.400 deep
00:23:28.620 state
00:23:28.920 looking
00:23:29.240 for
00:23:29.700 those
00:23:30.020 bureaucracies
00:23:30.940 and
00:23:31.420 spending
00:23:31.840 and
00:23:32.700 the
00:23:32.960 dream
00:23:33.160 of
00:23:33.320 many
00:23:33.600 libertarians
00:23:34.480 or
00:23:34.760 Rand
00:23:35.720 Paul
00:23:36.000 acolytes
00:23:36.660 of
00:23:36.840 ending
00:23:37.340 the
00:23:37.600 Fed
00:23:37.860 it's
00:23:38.100 almost
00:23:38.700 a
00:23:38.880 one
00:23:39.060 two
00:23:39.260 punch
00:23:39.680 of
00:23:39.880 what
00:23:40.380 a
00:23:40.520 lot
00:23:40.640 of
00:23:40.720 the
00:23:40.840 populist
00:23:41.280 reformers
00:23:41.760 would
00:23:41.880 like
00:23:42.040 to
00:23:42.160 do
00:23:42.260 today
00:23:42.640 indeed
00:23:44.100 Jackson
00:23:45.240 reforms
00:23:46.560 the
00:23:47.160 civil
00:23:47.420 service
00:23:47.960 while
00:23:48.580 he is
00:23:48.920 in
00:23:49.040 office
00:23:49.400 and
00:23:50.420 is
00:23:50.800 more
00:23:51.320 infamous
00:23:51.820 among
00:23:52.260 the
00:23:52.480 historians
00:23:53.060 for
00:23:53.960 creating
00:23:54.760 what
00:23:55.180 they
00:23:55.380 call
00:23:55.740 the
00:23:56.100 spoils
00:23:56.680 system
00:23:57.300 where
00:23:58.100 the
00:23:58.520 new
00:23:58.720 president
00:23:59.160 can
00:23:59.640 choose
00:24:00.100 his
00:24:00.400 own
00:24:00.640 bureaucrats
00:24:01.400 that
00:24:02.620 was
00:24:02.880 particularly
00:24:03.460 because
00:24:04.360 Jackson
00:24:05.120 comes
00:24:05.540 into
00:24:05.800 office
00:24:06.260 with
00:24:06.860 an
00:24:07.020 administration
00:24:07.680 full
00:24:08.280 of
00:24:08.620 Adams
00:24:09.040 appointees
00:24:10.060 who
00:24:10.860 are
00:24:11.120 unwilling
00:24:11.580 to
00:24:11.900 cooperate
00:24:12.360 with
00:24:12.760 his
00:24:12.960 administration
00:24:13.640 and
00:24:14.700 so
00:24:14.900 Jackson
00:24:15.360 begins
00:24:15.880 switching
00:24:16.540 them
00:24:16.840 out
00:24:17.220 for
00:24:17.820 his
00:24:18.280 own
00:24:18.680 supporters
00:24:19.620 and
00:24:20.900 that
00:24:21.100 is
00:24:21.260 the
00:24:21.440 start
00:24:21.720 of
00:24:21.960 a
00:24:22.180 long
00:24:22.700 lived
00:24:22.980 phenomenon
00:24:23.440 in
00:24:24.160 the
00:24:24.360 American
00:24:24.640 civil
00:24:24.960 service
00:24:25.320 what's
00:24:25.600 called
00:24:25.760 the
00:24:25.940 spoils
00:24:26.380 system
00:24:26.920 where
00:24:27.480 the
00:24:27.620 president
00:24:27.980 puts
00:24:28.460 his
00:24:28.640 own
00:24:28.820 people
00:24:29.220 into
00:24:29.660 the
00:24:29.880 bureaucracy
00:24:30.380 the
00:24:32.660 resistance
00:24:34.380 of
00:24:35.040 the
00:24:35.660 Adams
00:24:36.020 supporters
00:24:36.720 is
00:24:38.100 an
00:24:38.640 interesting
00:24:39.100 feature
00:24:39.580 there
00:24:39.920 we
00:24:40.720 were
00:24:41.260 well
00:24:41.600 aware
00:24:41.900 that
00:24:42.240 the
00:24:42.440 federal
00:24:42.680 bureaucracy
00:24:43.080 today
00:24:43.800 has
00:24:44.580 been
00:24:45.020 crowing
00:24:46.140 in
00:24:46.740 journalism
00:24:47.500 in
00:24:48.420 Trump's
00:24:49.080 first
00:24:49.380 administration
00:24:50.040 of all
00:24:50.700 the
00:24:50.840 different
00:24:51.060 ways
00:24:51.480 that
00:24:51.720 they
00:24:51.920 subverted
00:24:52.500 executive
00:24:53.120 policy
00:24:53.780 though
00:24:54.440 they
00:24:54.640 were
00:24:54.940 mere
00:24:55.360 civil
00:24:55.720 servants
00:24:56.280 and
00:24:56.540 not
00:24:56.900 elected
00:24:57.300 officials
00:24:57.920 jack
00:25:00.940 jackson
00:25:01.160 as i
00:25:01.720 said
00:25:01.960 he
00:25:02.140 vetoes
00:25:02.880 the
00:25:03.080 charter
00:25:03.460 for
00:25:04.400 the
00:25:04.680 bank
00:25:04.900 of
00:25:05.000 the
00:25:05.100 united
00:25:05.380 states
00:25:05.940 congress
00:25:07.020 does
00:25:07.440 have
00:25:07.820 enough
00:25:08.220 support
00:25:08.680 to
00:25:08.920 recharter
00:25:09.680 this
00:25:10.280 federal
00:25:10.560 corporation
00:25:11.260 but
00:25:12.460 jackson
00:25:13.140 has
00:25:13.520 taken
00:25:14.040 away
00:25:14.520 some
00:25:15.040 of
00:25:15.180 its
00:25:15.360 influence
00:25:16.420 by
00:25:16.900 paying
00:25:17.500 down
00:25:17.880 the
00:25:18.080 national
00:25:18.480 debt
00:25:18.900 and
00:25:19.900 also
00:25:20.280 cutting
00:25:20.700 taxes
00:25:21.300 along
00:25:21.780 the
00:25:21.960 way
00:25:22.240 reducing
00:25:23.860 federal
00:25:24.440 spending
00:25:25.000 by
00:25:25.700 reducing
00:25:26.280 the
00:25:26.620 size
00:25:27.020 of
00:25:27.640 the
00:25:28.120 civil
00:25:28.380 service
00:25:28.900 jackson
00:25:30.560 issues
00:25:31.120 a
00:25:31.400 veto
00:25:31.700 statement
00:25:32.280 about
00:25:33.160 the
00:25:33.560 bank
00:25:33.780 of
00:25:33.940 the
00:25:34.040 united
00:25:34.320 states
00:25:34.840 which
00:25:35.220 reveals
00:25:36.600 to us
00:25:37.280 his
00:25:37.780 thinking
00:25:38.560 you
00:25:39.500 remember
00:25:39.900 the
00:25:40.360 bank
00:25:40.560 of
00:25:40.660 the
00:25:40.720 united
00:25:40.980 states
00:25:41.440 is
00:25:41.920 set
00:25:42.140 up
00:25:42.320 by
00:25:42.480 this
00:25:42.720 expansive
00:25:43.460 view
00:25:44.020 of
00:25:44.340 federal
00:25:44.640 powers
00:25:45.280 coming
00:25:46.060 from
00:25:46.440 hamilton
00:25:47.140 back
00:25:47.840 in
00:25:48.080 washington's
00:25:48.760 administration
00:25:49.400 jackson
00:25:51.960 says
00:25:52.640 distinctions
00:25:54.040 in
00:25:54.600 society
00:25:55.300 will
00:25:56.100 always
00:25:56.680 exist
00:25:57.340 under
00:25:57.780 every
00:25:58.300 just
00:25:58.800 government
00:25:59.420 equality
00:26:00.640 of
00:26:01.100 talents
00:26:01.700 of
00:26:02.200 education
00:26:02.880 or of
00:26:03.620 wealth
00:26:03.980 cannot
00:26:04.660 be
00:26:05.080 produced
00:26:05.660 by
00:26:06.240 human
00:26:06.640 institutions
00:26:07.520 however
00:26:09.100 artificial
00:26:10.580 distinctions
00:26:11.900 that is
00:26:13.060 special
00:26:13.960 privileges
00:26:14.640 from
00:26:15.400 the
00:26:15.660 government
00:26:16.120 take
00:26:17.680 the
00:26:18.020 rich
00:26:18.460 richer
00:26:19.220 are
00:26:20.120 evil
00:26:20.900 and
00:26:22.680 this
00:26:22.940 is
00:26:23.160 his
00:26:23.340 justification
00:26:23.920 for
00:26:24.660 destroying
00:26:25.560 the
00:26:25.820 bank
00:26:26.060 of
00:26:26.200 the
00:26:26.300 united
00:26:26.540 states
00:26:27.120 withdrawing
00:26:28.000 its
00:26:28.180 federal
00:26:28.480 charter
00:26:28.940 causing
00:26:29.900 its
00:26:30.200 collapse
00:26:30.800 jackson
00:26:32.700 says
00:26:33.140 corporations
00:26:34.000 are
00:26:34.820 not
00:26:35.340 compatible
00:26:36.000 with
00:26:36.620 the
00:26:36.820 constitution
00:26:37.460 now
00:26:38.940 this
00:26:39.220 is
00:26:39.520 almost
00:26:40.880 unimaginable
00:26:41.800 for
00:26:42.100 us
00:26:42.440 the
00:26:43.940 power
00:26:44.460 to
00:26:44.640 charter
00:26:44.860 corporations
00:26:45.540 are
00:26:45.920 not
00:26:46.440 explicitly
00:26:47.200 stated
00:26:47.640 in the
00:26:47.920 constitution
00:26:48.440 though
00:26:48.720 they
00:26:48.900 have
00:26:49.140 been
00:26:49.320 backed
00:26:49.620 by
00:26:50.180 marshall's
00:26:50.960 supreme
00:26:51.340 court
00:26:51.720 at
00:26:52.360 this
00:26:52.560 time
00:26:52.900 jackson
00:26:54.160 is
00:26:54.300 not
00:26:54.500 relying
00:26:54.960 on
00:26:55.600 the
00:26:55.760 interpretation
00:26:56.280 of
00:26:56.760 marshall
00:26:57.240 here
00:26:57.700 he's
00:26:58.600 looking
00:26:58.880 just
00:26:59.260 straight
00:26:59.860 to
00:27:00.240 the
00:27:00.400 constitution
00:27:00.960 and
00:27:01.240 says
00:27:01.540 it's
00:27:02.160 not
00:27:02.380 there
00:27:02.680 i don't
00:27:03.580 recognize
00:27:04.000 it
00:27:04.420 therefore
00:27:04.920 i'm
00:27:05.340 getting
00:27:05.500 rid
00:27:05.720 of
00:27:05.820 it
00:27:06.060 jackson
00:27:10.380 jackson
00:27:10.500 jackson
00:27:10.520 is
00:27:10.940 quite
00:27:11.380 emphatic
00:27:12.040 in
00:27:12.660 his
00:27:12.800 opposition
00:27:13.320 to
00:27:13.720 the
00:27:13.900 government
00:27:14.400 sponsorship
00:27:15.180 of
00:27:15.600 private
00:27:16.040 business
00:27:16.620 interests
00:27:17.340 and
00:27:18.220 that
00:27:18.460 is
00:27:18.640 the
00:27:18.820 best
00:27:19.100 explanation
00:27:19.820 for
00:27:20.180 his
00:27:20.500 tactic
00:27:21.280 against
00:27:21.680 the
00:27:21.880 bank
00:27:22.200 so
00:27:24.620 we can
00:27:24.940 see
00:27:25.140 why
00:27:25.340 this
00:27:25.560 man
00:27:25.780 is
00:27:25.980 very
00:27:26.440 unpopular
00:27:27.120 among
00:27:27.860 the
00:27:28.180 modern
00:27:29.180 elites
00:27:29.980 and
00:27:30.200 modern
00:27:30.660 historians
00:27:31.260 indeed
00:27:32.560 yes
00:27:33.040 they
00:27:33.320 are
00:27:33.800 more
00:27:34.980 progressive
00:27:35.520 and
00:27:35.940 they
00:27:36.280 look at
00:27:36.780 the
00:27:36.960 government
00:27:37.260 setting
00:27:37.600 up
00:27:37.800 all
00:27:37.940 manner
00:27:38.180 of
00:27:38.440 institutions
00:27:39.360 or
00:27:39.860 sponsoring
00:27:40.820 all
00:27:41.140 sorts
00:27:41.460 of
00:27:41.620 business
00:27:41.960 interests
00:27:42.520 that's
00:27:43.660 the
00:27:44.060 base
00:27:44.360 of
00:27:44.540 their
00:27:44.700 power
00:27:45.140 and
00:27:45.520 patronage
00:27:46.100 so
00:27:47.900 thus far
00:27:48.480 we've
00:27:48.820 reviewed
00:27:49.460 he paid
00:27:50.260 off the
00:27:50.620 national
00:27:50.980 debt
00:27:51.300 he
00:27:51.700 reduced
00:27:52.140 the
00:27:52.380 civil
00:27:52.620 service
00:27:53.140 he
00:27:53.820 vetoes
00:27:54.920 the
00:27:55.260 recharter
00:27:55.740 for
00:27:55.940 the
00:27:56.080 bank
00:27:56.280 of
00:27:56.400 the
00:27:56.460 United
00:27:56.700 States
00:27:57.140 he
00:27:57.880 reduces
00:27:58.420 regulations
00:27:59.400 taxes
00:28:00.280 and
00:28:01.200 he
00:28:01.360 also
00:28:01.600 reduces
00:28:02.080 the
00:28:02.460 size
00:28:02.760 of
00:28:02.880 the
00:28:03.000 military
00:28:03.420 this
00:28:04.160 this
00:28:04.520 was
00:28:04.860 a
00:28:05.440 concern
00:28:06.120 when
00:28:07.040 Jackson
00:28:07.460 was
00:28:07.720 first
00:28:08.040 elected
00:28:08.480 his
00:28:09.420 reputation
00:28:10.160 is
00:28:10.720 built
00:28:11.080 on
00:28:11.560 his
00:28:11.900 pugnacious
00:28:12.840 and
00:28:13.900 daring
00:28:14.860 activities
00:28:15.580 as a
00:28:16.060 general
00:28:16.440 in
00:28:17.320 particular
00:28:17.920 risking
00:28:18.840 war
00:28:19.240 with
00:28:19.520 Spain
00:28:20.040 back
00:28:20.700 in
00:28:20.860 1817
00:28:21.860 by
00:28:22.760 chasing
00:28:23.300 the
00:28:23.880 red
00:28:24.180 sticks
00:28:24.660 the
00:28:25.360 Seminole
00:28:26.520 raiders
00:28:26.980 into
00:28:27.940 Florida
00:28:28.440 he
00:28:29.220 didn't
00:28:29.740 he
00:28:29.940 doesn't
00:28:30.240 capture
00:28:30.660 them
00:28:30.920 they
00:28:31.100 actually
00:28:31.520 outrun
00:28:32.140 him
00:28:32.500 but
00:28:33.540 he
00:28:33.720 goes
00:28:33.980 and
00:28:34.220 executes
00:28:34.940 British
00:28:35.480 arms
00:28:36.000 dealers
00:28:36.420 in
00:28:37.060 Florida
00:28:37.480 with
00:28:38.260 firing
00:28:38.900 the
00:28:39.160 firing
00:28:39.480 squad
00:28:40.000 giving
00:28:41.060 them
00:28:41.320 a
00:28:41.480 courts
00:28:41.700 marshal
00:28:42.140 and
00:28:42.360 such
00:28:42.600 and
00:28:44.540 this
00:28:44.900 ends
00:28:45.860 up
00:28:46.180 with
00:28:46.400 the
00:28:46.620 United
00:28:46.880 States
00:28:47.200 acquisition
00:28:47.780 of
00:28:48.060 Florida
00:28:48.320 Spain
00:28:48.660 decides
00:28:49.100 to
00:28:49.360 sell
00:28:49.640 Florida
00:28:50.080 rather
00:28:50.460 than
00:28:50.740 risk
00:28:51.100 it
00:28:52.800 being
00:28:53.040 invaded
00:28:53.440 again
00:28:53.820 by
00:28:54.100 Andrew
00:28:54.420 Jackson
00:28:54.880 but
00:28:56.880 everyone's
00:28:57.680 worried
00:28:57.960 that
00:28:58.160 Jackson
00:28:58.480 is
00:28:58.620 going
00:28:58.700 to
00:28:58.780 start
00:28:59.000 wars
00:28:59.420 with
00:28:59.680 America's
00:29:00.220 neighbors
00:29:00.520 because
00:29:01.060 he
00:29:01.580 seems
00:29:02.480 so
00:29:02.720 aggressive
00:29:03.180 from
00:29:04.020 his
00:29:04.320 experience
00:29:05.020 he
00:29:06.120 does
00:29:06.360 not
00:29:06.560 start
00:29:06.860 wars
00:29:07.260 in
00:29:07.600 fact
00:29:07.860 he
00:29:08.100 reduces
00:29:08.620 the
00:29:08.960 size
00:29:09.260 of
00:29:09.400 the
00:29:09.500 military
00:29:09.940 and
00:29:10.340 states
00:29:11.360 his
00:29:11.600 preference
00:29:12.140 for
00:29:12.420 the
00:29:12.600 volunteer
00:29:13.020 citizen
00:29:13.720 soldier
00:29:14.240 which
00:29:16.240 I
00:29:16.400 think
00:29:16.560 is
00:29:16.760 really
00:29:17.000 important
00:29:17.440 because
00:29:17.780 if
00:29:18.000 you
00:29:18.120 look
00:29:18.320 back
00:29:18.600 at
00:29:18.760 the
00:29:18.880 federalist
00:29:19.320 papers
00:29:19.700 you
00:29:19.940 can
00:29:20.100 see
00:29:20.360 that
00:29:20.540 one
00:29:20.660 of
00:29:20.720 the
00:29:20.800 ways
00:29:21.080 that
00:29:21.300 Hamilton
00:29:21.680 ends
00:29:22.620 up
00:29:22.860 convincing
00:29:23.460 people
00:29:23.960 that
00:29:24.260 the
00:29:24.420 states
00:29:24.920 need
00:29:25.100 to
00:29:25.220 turn
00:29:25.360 over
00:29:25.520 control
00:29:25.880 of
00:29:26.040 their
00:29:26.180 militias
00:29:26.680 is
00:29:27.220 acknowledging
00:29:27.780 that
00:29:28.380 standing
00:29:28.780 armies
00:29:29.160 are
00:29:29.360 deleterious
00:29:30.020 to
00:29:30.200 the
00:29:30.340 nature
00:29:30.620 of
00:29:31.040 republics
00:29:31.940 and
00:29:32.160 so
00:29:32.440 if
00:29:32.860 you
00:29:32.980 want
00:29:33.100 to
00:29:33.180 avoid
00:29:33.660 the
00:29:34.360 creation
00:29:35.300 of a
00:29:35.560 standing
00:29:35.760 military
00:29:36.160 then
00:29:36.480 you
00:29:36.700 need
00:29:36.920 to
00:29:37.020 make
00:29:37.160 sure
00:29:37.320 that
00:29:37.560 the
00:29:44.240 or
00:29:44.540 on
00:29:44.800 call
00:29:45.100 and
00:29:45.300 so
00:29:45.540 while
00:29:46.320 America
00:29:46.920 still
00:29:47.220 has
00:29:47.560 those
00:29:47.940 standing
00:29:48.460 forces
00:29:48.920 the
00:29:49.340 interest
00:29:49.860 in
00:29:50.020 reducing
00:29:50.420 these
00:29:50.840 along
00:29:51.160 with
00:29:51.520 reducing
00:29:52.180 taxes
00:29:53.040 reducing
00:29:53.940 reforming
00:29:54.980 the
00:29:55.140 bureaucracy
00:29:55.800 getting
00:29:56.460 rid
00:29:56.760 of
00:29:57.260 corporations
00:29:58.020 like
00:29:58.340 the
00:29:58.480 bank
00:29:58.700 these
00:29:59.140 are
00:29:59.280 all
00:29:59.540 moves
00:29:59.900 that
00:30:00.100 are
00:30:00.220 going
00:30:00.520 to
00:30:00.900 reduce
00:30:01.820 the
00:30:02.020 amount
00:30:02.220 of
00:30:02.380 centralization
00:30:03.260 the
00:30:03.680 growth
00:30:03.980 of
00:30:04.160 government
00:30:04.580 and
00:30:05.180 what
00:30:05.880 could
00:30:06.120 be
00:30:06.360 seen
00:30:06.720 as
00:30:07.000 dangers
00:30:07.500 to
00:30:07.840 the
00:30:07.980 long
00:30:08.260 term
00:30:08.620 understanding
00:30:09.460 of
00:30:09.680 America
00:30:10.060 as
00:30:10.480 a
00:30:10.680 functional
00:30:11.080 republic
00:30:11.600 absolutely
00:30:13.260 and
00:30:13.780 these
00:30:14.240 are
00:30:14.380 broadly
00:30:14.900 held
00:30:15.300 views
00:30:15.720 at
00:30:16.020 this
00:30:16.260 time
00:30:16.620 in
00:30:17.640 this
00:30:17.920 Jackson
00:30:18.420 is
00:30:18.700 not
00:30:19.080 outstanding
00:30:21.240 other
00:30:22.480 than
00:30:22.700 the
00:30:22.840 fact
00:30:23.100 that
00:30:23.320 he
00:30:23.500 acted
00:30:23.960 on
00:30:24.440 his
00:30:24.680 convictions
00:30:25.200 but
00:30:26.160 we
00:30:26.320 can
00:30:26.540 find
00:30:27.100 those
00:30:27.460 views
00:30:27.860 well
00:30:28.200 stated
00:30:28.620 in
00:30:28.920 George
00:30:29.380 Washington's
00:30:30.220 farewell
00:30:30.500 address
00:30:31.020 where
00:30:31.720 he
00:30:31.880 said
00:30:32.200 that
00:30:32.500 standing
00:30:33.240 armies
00:30:33.960 represent
00:30:34.960 a
00:30:35.480 risk
00:30:35.840 to
00:30:36.160 republican
00:30:36.780 liberty
00:30:37.300 because
00:30:37.940 they
00:30:38.300 constitute
00:30:38.860 a
00:30:39.440 particular
00:30:40.300 political
00:30:41.200 interest
00:30:41.880 they
00:30:42.160 will
00:30:42.520 influence
00:30:43.360 policy
00:30:44.280 just
00:30:44.960 by
00:30:45.140 their
00:30:45.320 presence
00:30:45.960 but
00:30:48.700 finally
00:30:49.700 well
00:30:50.420 I'll
00:30:50.820 give
00:30:51.020 you
00:30:51.800 a
00:30:52.060 curious
00:30:52.640 feature
00:30:53.040 from
00:30:53.340 Jackson
00:30:53.720 Jackson
00:30:54.120 is
00:30:54.600 known
00:30:54.880 for
00:30:55.240 his
00:30:56.000 many
00:30:56.400 engagements
00:30:57.100 in
00:30:57.480 personal
00:30:57.900 combat
00:30:58.420 he
00:30:58.880 fought
00:30:59.500 several
00:30:59.900 duels
00:31:00.400 and
00:31:00.600 even
00:31:00.900 some
00:31:01.320 street
00:31:02.000 fights
00:31:02.480 in
00:31:02.940 which
00:31:03.120 he
00:31:03.300 was
00:31:03.600 assailed
00:31:04.240 by
00:31:04.620 his
00:31:05.040 enemies
00:31:05.440 at
00:31:06.000 an
00:31:06.140 earlier
00:31:06.460 time
00:31:06.960 but
00:31:07.860 one
00:31:08.120 day
00:31:08.420 President
00:31:09.140 Jackson
00:31:09.700 is
00:31:10.440 walking
00:31:10.940 in
00:31:11.320 the
00:31:11.480 capital
00:31:11.900 and
00:31:12.880 he
00:31:13.340 is
00:31:13.600 assailed
00:31:14.240 by
00:31:14.740 a
00:31:15.520 real
00:31:16.000 mad
00:31:16.620 man
00:31:17.000 a
00:31:18.200 man
00:31:18.520 who
00:31:18.740 believes
00:31:19.220 that
00:31:19.540 he
00:31:19.760 is
00:31:19.980 the
00:31:20.140 rightful
00:31:20.500 king
00:31:20.760 of
00:31:20.900 England
00:31:21.220 he
00:31:22.240 draws
00:31:22.680 a
00:31:22.940 pistol
00:31:23.280 and
00:31:23.660 tries
00:31:23.980 to
00:31:24.200 shoot
00:31:24.520 the
00:31:24.740 president
00:31:25.120 in
00:31:25.840 January
00:31:26.300 of
00:31:26.740 1835
00:31:27.780 the
00:31:29.320 pistol
00:31:29.660 misfires
00:31:30.260 so
00:31:30.660 the
00:31:31.120 president
00:31:31.420 is
00:31:31.720 not
00:31:31.960 shot
00:31:32.300 but
00:31:33.220 Jackson
00:31:33.900 then
00:31:34.240 starts
00:31:34.660 walloping
00:31:35.620 the
00:31:35.820 man
00:31:36.100 over
00:31:36.440 his
00:31:36.800 head
00:31:37.300 with
00:31:37.720 his
00:31:37.960 cane
00:31:38.400 and
00:31:39.740 he
00:31:40.160 is
00:31:40.340 arraigned
00:31:41.020 where
00:31:41.480 he
00:31:41.740 tells
00:31:42.240 the
00:31:42.440 court
00:31:42.660 you
00:31:42.900 have
00:31:43.080 no
00:31:43.240 right
00:31:43.540 to
00:31:43.800 judge
00:31:44.140 me
00:31:44.380 I
00:31:44.620 am
00:31:44.740 the
00:31:44.860 king
00:31:45.020 of
00:31:45.140 England
00:31:45.440 and
00:31:46.240 ends
00:31:46.900 up
00:31:47.160 in
00:31:47.440 the
00:31:47.780 asylum
00:31:48.700 but
00:31:50.140 that's
00:31:50.460 that's
00:31:50.860 one
00:31:51.000 of
00:31:51.120 the
00:31:51.400 lovable
00:31:52.260 moments
00:31:53.040 in
00:31:53.500 Jackson's
00:31:54.240 career
00:31:54.700 wasn't
00:31:55.860 Jackson
00:31:56.220 carrying
00:31:56.660 a
00:31:56.920 round
00:31:57.680 in
00:31:57.920 his
00:31:58.140 chest
00:31:58.500 from
00:31:58.720 a
00:31:58.840 previous
00:31:59.140 duel
00:31:59.480 for
00:31:59.880 a
00:32:00.520 large
00:32:00.840 amount
00:32:01.020 of
00:32:01.100 the
00:32:01.280 presidency
00:32:02.300 correctly
00:32:02.860 yes
00:32:03.680 indeed
00:32:04.560 he
00:32:05.480 was
00:32:05.720 in
00:32:06.220 a
00:32:06.440 duel
00:32:06.940 with
00:32:07.960 John
00:32:08.660 Dickinson
00:32:09.180 who
00:32:09.920 shot
00:32:10.420 him
00:32:10.720 through
00:32:11.400 the
00:32:11.620 armpit
00:32:12.280 practically
00:32:12.980 and
00:32:13.360 the
00:32:13.600 slug
00:32:14.460 ended
00:32:15.060 up
00:32:15.380 behind
00:32:16.120 his
00:32:16.920 breastbone
00:32:17.480 between
00:32:17.760 his
00:32:18.040 breastbone
00:32:18.500 and
00:32:18.660 his
00:32:18.820 heart
00:32:19.120 and
00:32:19.760 he
00:32:19.920 lived
00:32:20.100 the
00:32:20.240 rest
00:32:20.440 of
00:32:20.560 his
00:32:20.720 days
00:32:21.060 with
00:32:21.300 that
00:32:21.520 in
00:32:21.640 his
00:32:21.820 chest
00:32:22.180 but
00:32:23.080 when
00:32:23.260 he
00:32:23.380 became
00:32:23.820 president
00:32:24.420 he
00:32:24.700 actually
00:32:24.980 had
00:32:25.200 two
00:32:25.460 bullets
00:32:25.780 in
00:32:25.940 his
00:32:26.100 chest
00:32:26.400 the
00:32:26.580 other
00:32:26.760 was
00:32:27.040 from
00:32:27.420 Thomas
00:32:28.240 Hart
00:32:28.560 Benton
00:32:29.160 who
00:32:30.120 became
00:32:30.700 the
00:32:31.280 Democratic
00:32:32.400 senator
00:32:32.880 from
00:32:33.320 Missouri
00:32:33.840 at a
00:32:35.760 later
00:32:35.920 time
00:32:36.340 Benton
00:32:36.900 had shot
00:32:37.520 Jackson
00:32:38.020 during the
00:32:38.600 war of
00:32:38.880 1812
00:32:39.560 because
00:32:39.940 Jackson
00:32:40.360 had not
00:32:40.800 recommended
00:32:41.280 him for
00:32:41.980 an
00:32:42.320 officer's
00:32:42.960 commission
00:32:43.380 and that
00:32:44.480 was
00:32:44.780 properly
00:32:45.440 speaking a
00:32:46.300 street fight
00:32:46.820 it was
00:32:47.240 not a
00:32:47.580 duel
00:32:47.840 Jackson
00:32:49.120 nearly
00:32:49.580 died
00:32:50.100 from the
00:32:50.580 wound
00:32:50.860 they
00:32:51.580 couldn't
00:32:51.900 remove
00:32:52.340 it
00:32:52.620 at the
00:32:53.160 time
00:32:53.600 back in
00:32:54.200 1813
00:32:54.920 but
00:32:56.180 when
00:32:56.800 Jackson
00:32:57.120 was in
00:32:57.480 the
00:32:57.600 White
00:32:57.780 House
00:32:58.060 he
00:32:58.800 had
00:32:59.040 his
00:32:59.200 doctor
00:32:59.480 remove
00:32:59.900 it
00:33:00.060 he
00:33:00.540 had
00:33:00.820 fallen
00:33:01.440 down
00:33:01.960 and
00:33:02.440 opened
00:33:02.840 up
00:33:03.140 the
00:33:03.320 old
00:33:03.520 wound
00:33:03.840 in
00:33:04.020 his
00:33:04.180 back
00:33:04.520 and
00:33:05.400 so
00:33:05.560 the
00:33:05.700 doctor
00:33:05.980 removed
00:33:06.500 the
00:33:06.700 bullet
00:33:06.940 on
00:33:07.200 that
00:33:07.380 occasion
00:33:07.800 he
00:33:08.700 sent
00:33:09.100 the
00:33:09.360 bullet
00:33:09.700 to
00:33:10.320 the
00:33:10.540 Capitol
00:33:10.960 where
00:33:11.920 Thomas
00:33:12.460 Hart
00:33:12.740 Benton
00:33:13.180 was
00:33:13.640 working
00:33:14.080 in
00:33:14.260 the
00:33:14.360 old
00:33:14.580 Senate
00:33:14.900 chambers
00:33:15.340 with
00:33:16.580 a
00:33:16.740 note
00:33:17.040 saying
00:33:17.960 sir
00:33:18.480 I'm
00:33:18.840 returning
00:33:19.280 your
00:33:19.600 lost
00:33:19.960 property
00:33:20.560 fantastic
00:33:23.180 Benton
00:33:24.700 was
00:33:25.100 Andrew
00:33:26.500 Jackson
00:33:27.020 number
00:33:27.600 one
00:33:28.000 man
00:33:28.320 in
00:33:28.520 Congress
00:33:28.980 at
00:33:29.400 this
00:33:29.680 point
00:33:30.040 they
00:33:30.440 had
00:33:30.660 reconciled
00:33:31.460 they
00:33:31.580 put
00:33:31.800 aside
00:33:32.200 their
00:33:32.460 old
00:33:32.900 quarrels
00:33:33.400 from
00:33:33.980 the
00:33:35.460 war
00:33:35.620 of
00:33:35.720 1812
00:33:36.320 Benton
00:33:37.760 then
00:33:38.000 wrote
00:33:38.240 a
00:33:38.460 reply
00:33:38.940 he
00:33:39.240 opened
00:33:39.520 up
00:33:39.700 an
00:33:39.820 envelope
00:33:40.200 he
00:33:40.620 put
00:33:40.820 the
00:33:41.000 bullet
00:33:41.240 in
00:33:41.920 the
00:33:42.060 new
00:33:42.260 envelope
00:33:42.640 with
00:33:43.000 a
00:33:43.120 note
00:33:43.340 sir
00:33:44.020 this
00:33:44.260 has
00:33:44.420 been
00:33:44.560 in
00:33:44.700 your
00:33:44.820 possession
00:33:45.260 so
00:33:45.640 long
00:33:45.980 it's
00:33:46.180 now
00:33:46.340 rightfully
00:33:46.760 yours
00:33:47.240 and
00:33:47.960 sent
00:33:48.220 it
00:33:48.380 back
00:33:48.620 to
00:33:48.780 the
00:33:48.900 White
00:33:49.080 House
00:33:49.400 excellent
00:33:51.420 well
00:33:52.100 I
00:33:52.280 think
00:33:52.480 a
00:33:52.680 lot
00:33:52.820 of
00:33:52.940 people
00:33:53.300 probably
00:33:54.100 remember
00:33:54.580 a couple
00:33:55.400 things
00:33:55.780 about
00:33:56.020 Andrew
00:33:56.280 Jackson's
00:33:56.820 presidency
00:33:57.240 and I
00:33:57.820 know
00:33:58.140 there's
00:33:58.360 so much
00:33:58.640 to cover
00:33:59.020 but we
00:33:59.640 have a
00:33:59.860 limited
00:34:00.080 amount
00:34:00.300 of
00:34:00.440 time
00:34:00.640 so I
00:34:00.880 want to
00:34:01.040 make sure
00:34:01.340 we hit
00:34:01.600 a few
00:34:01.900 of the
00:34:02.100 things
00:34:02.360 that
00:34:02.640 people
00:34:03.500 will
00:34:03.760 want to
00:34:04.240 I
00:34:04.520 think
00:34:04.640 parallel
00:34:05.040 with
00:34:05.360 what
00:34:05.540 is
00:34:05.700 happening
00:34:06.060 today
00:34:06.580 the
00:34:07.200 first
00:34:07.540 I
00:34:07.740 think
00:34:07.880 a lot
00:34:08.100 of
00:34:08.180 people
00:34:08.460 you
00:34:09.240 know
00:34:09.360 thing
00:34:09.560 they
00:34:09.680 do
00:34:09.840 is
00:34:09.960 they
00:34:10.160 quote
00:34:11.200 Jackson
00:34:11.680 when
00:34:12.300 it
00:34:12.440 comes
00:34:12.660 to
00:34:12.780 the
00:34:12.900 Supreme
00:34:13.260 Court
00:34:13.580 the
00:34:13.940 justice
00:34:14.220 has
00:34:14.500 made
00:34:14.780 his
00:34:15.080 ruling
00:34:15.720 now
00:34:16.120 let
00:34:16.580 him
00:34:16.720 enforce
00:34:17.200 it
00:34:17.420 what
00:34:17.980 is
00:34:18.500 the
00:34:18.680 context
00:34:19.260 for
00:34:19.640 that
00:34:19.960 is
00:34:20.160 that
00:34:20.320 the
00:34:20.480 bank
00:34:20.720 is
00:34:20.860 that
00:34:20.980 something
00:34:21.260 else
00:34:21.560 is
00:34:21.720 Jackson
00:34:22.280 known
00:34:22.680 for
00:34:23.080 challenging
00:34:23.620 the
00:34:23.960 power
00:34:24.240 of the
00:34:24.520 Supreme
00:34:24.720 Court
00:34:24.920 at the
00:34:25.140 time
00:34:25.340 he
00:34:26.380 is
00:34:26.700 known
00:34:26.960 for
00:34:27.220 that
00:34:27.540 he
00:34:28.200 has
00:34:28.660 the
00:34:29.300 major
00:34:30.320 challenge
00:34:30.900 of
00:34:31.120 John
00:34:31.500 Marshall
00:34:32.000 the
00:34:32.500 great
00:34:32.900 Hamiltonian
00:34:33.960 jurist
00:34:35.480 in the
00:34:36.320 Supreme
00:34:36.620 Court
00:34:36.940 he's
00:34:37.280 chief
00:34:37.520 justice
00:34:37.900 of the
00:34:38.280 Supreme
00:34:38.580 Court
00:34:38.940 while
00:34:39.300 Jackson
00:34:39.700 is
00:34:39.940 in
00:34:40.060 office
00:34:40.380 Jackson
00:34:41.380 eventually
00:34:41.900 replaces
00:34:42.500 him
00:34:42.900 with
00:34:43.560 Tawney
00:34:44.180 who
00:34:44.980 comes
00:34:45.300 from
00:34:45.620 Maryland
00:34:46.140 more
00:34:47.360 of
00:34:47.560 a
00:34:47.740 Jeffersonian
00:34:48.600 in
00:34:48.980 his
00:34:49.360 opinions
00:34:50.280 but
00:34:51.620 John
00:34:53.340 Marshall
00:34:53.640 is
00:34:54.080 writing
00:34:54.540 about
00:34:55.180 the
00:34:56.060 cases
00:34:56.720 between
00:34:57.260 Georgia
00:34:57.780 and
00:34:58.180 the
00:34:58.360 Cherokee
00:34:58.820 nation
00:34:59.340 so
00:34:59.700 this
00:34:59.940 is
00:35:00.200 all
00:35:00.800 wound
00:35:01.120 up
00:35:01.420 in
00:35:01.740 Jackson's
00:35:02.400 Indian
00:35:02.780 policy
00:35:03.400 and
00:35:04.240 Jackson
00:35:04.640 denies
00:35:05.340 the
00:35:05.660 court's
00:35:06.400 final
00:35:06.960 authority
00:35:07.380 to
00:35:07.640 enforce
00:35:08.080 in
00:35:09.100 that
00:35:09.320 famous
00:35:09.760 remark
00:35:10.220 which
00:35:10.760 is
00:35:11.040 a bit
00:35:11.800 apocryphal
00:35:12.600 but
00:35:12.840 we
00:35:13.100 all
00:35:13.500 ascribe
00:35:13.900 it
00:35:14.080 to
00:35:14.240 him
00:35:14.520 Jackson's
00:35:16.300 Indian
00:35:16.600 policy
00:35:17.120 is
00:35:17.480 certainly
00:35:17.960 the
00:35:18.520 most
00:35:18.840 controversial
00:35:19.380 thing
00:35:20.060 that
00:35:20.640 people
00:35:20.980 remember
00:35:21.560 in
00:35:22.800 relation
00:35:23.520 to
00:35:23.800 his
00:35:23.980 administration
00:35:24.700 that's
00:35:26.500 the
00:35:26.640 one
00:35:26.820 thing
00:35:27.140 that
00:35:27.420 people
00:35:27.920 will
00:35:28.500 talk
00:35:28.880 about
00:35:29.240 typically
00:35:29.960 if
00:35:30.580 Jackson's
00:35:31.100 brought
00:35:31.380 up
00:35:31.660 but
00:35:32.860 Jackson
00:35:33.440 is
00:35:33.720 also
00:35:34.140 a
00:35:34.600 remarkable
00:35:35.860 policy
00:35:37.140 man
00:35:37.500 in
00:35:37.740 relation
00:35:38.160 to
00:35:38.420 the
00:35:38.560 nations
00:35:39.000 he
00:35:40.080 calls
00:35:40.680 in
00:35:41.340 1828
00:35:42.440 the
00:35:43.040 year
00:35:43.260 he
00:35:43.460 was
00:35:43.640 elected
00:35:44.040 he
00:35:45.160 calls
00:35:45.540 on
00:35:45.760 Congress
00:35:46.220 to
00:35:46.900 create
00:35:47.420 a
00:35:47.980 Indian
00:35:48.340 policy
00:35:48.980 and
00:35:49.900 proposes
00:35:50.780 federal
00:35:51.540 Indian
00:35:52.180 reservations
00:35:53.080 that
00:35:54.660 was
00:35:54.980 the
00:35:55.220 matter
00:35:55.560 that
00:35:56.080 John
00:35:56.600 Marshall
00:35:56.960 was
00:35:57.380 writing
00:35:57.680 his
00:35:57.900 opinion
00:35:58.240 on
00:35:58.580 when
00:35:58.820 Jackson
00:35:59.260 gave
00:35:59.560 his
00:35:59.700 famous
00:36:00.020 retort
00:36:00.520 the
00:36:01.460 state
00:36:01.760 of
00:36:01.940 Georgia
00:36:02.420 was
00:36:03.940 very
00:36:05.360 antagonistic
00:36:06.440 to the
00:36:07.180 presence
00:36:07.680 of
00:36:08.380 Native
00:36:08.700 Americans
00:36:09.320 in their
00:36:10.040 territory
00:36:10.540 you must
00:36:12.720 understand
00:36:13.280 from
00:36:13.920 the
00:36:14.800 time
00:36:15.200 of
00:36:15.580 the
00:36:16.160 outbreak
00:36:16.720 of
00:36:17.420 the
00:36:17.560 war
00:36:17.740 of
00:36:17.880 1812
00:36:18.540 the
00:36:19.580 Creeks
00:36:20.240 and
00:36:20.880 Seminoles
00:36:21.600 had been
00:36:22.540 equipped
00:36:23.060 by the
00:36:23.900 British
00:36:24.300 they'd
00:36:24.700 been
00:36:24.900 armed
00:36:25.320 by the
00:36:25.780 British
00:36:26.060 and
00:36:26.800 they
00:36:26.980 were
00:36:27.220 in
00:36:27.620 a
00:36:27.900 proxy
00:36:28.340 alliance
00:36:29.180 with
00:36:29.760 the
00:36:29.920 British
00:36:30.160 Empire
00:36:30.640 and
00:36:31.560 they
00:36:31.680 were
00:36:31.860 encouraged
00:36:32.300 to
00:36:32.560 cross
00:36:32.920 over
00:36:33.300 the
00:36:33.540 Florida
00:36:33.880 border
00:36:34.280 into
00:36:34.700 Georgia
00:36:35.160 and
00:36:36.000 raid
00:36:36.580 the
00:36:37.020 American
00:36:37.440 homesteads
00:36:38.300 this
00:36:39.660 they
00:36:39.920 did
00:36:40.360 for
00:36:40.720 several
00:36:41.360 decades
00:36:42.120 this
00:36:43.700 was
00:36:44.100 not
00:36:44.420 finally
00:36:45.060 quelled
00:36:45.660 until
00:36:46.380 the
00:36:46.980 second
00:36:47.380 Seminole
00:36:47.980 War
00:36:48.360 which
00:36:49.120 begins
00:36:49.660 during
00:36:50.180 Jackson's
00:36:50.920 second
00:36:51.320 administration
00:36:52.040 a
00:36:52.940 very
00:36:53.260 long
00:36:53.780 and
00:36:53.960 bloody
00:36:54.200 conflict
00:36:54.880 that
00:36:55.500 was
00:36:55.700 all
00:36:56.020 concerning
00:36:57.640 Indian
00:36:58.760 raids
00:36:59.340 in
00:36:59.700 the
00:36:59.820 area
00:37:00.160 Georgia
00:37:01.620 the
00:37:01.860 state
00:37:02.080 of
00:37:02.220 Georgia
00:37:02.620 had
00:37:03.300 resolved
00:37:03.760 after
00:37:04.080 decades
00:37:04.860 of
00:37:05.580 brutal
00:37:06.320 violence
00:37:06.960 especially
00:37:07.800 on her
00:37:08.460 border
00:37:08.820 with
00:37:09.080 Florida
00:37:09.480 they
00:37:10.360 did
00:37:10.560 not
00:37:10.780 want
00:37:11.120 any
00:37:11.380 of
00:37:11.580 these
00:37:11.800 nations
00:37:12.280 nearby
00:37:12.860 everyone
00:37:15.320 needs
00:37:15.660 help
00:37:15.820 with
00:37:16.000 something
00:37:16.400 if
00:37:16.840 investing
00:37:17.280 is
00:37:17.540 your
00:37:17.820 something
00:37:18.260 we
00:37:18.720 get
00:37:18.940 it
00:37:19.160 cooperators
00:37:19.920 financial
00:37:20.400 representatives
00:37:20.960 are here
00:37:21.460 to help
00:37:21.860 with genuine
00:37:22.640 advice that
00:37:23.240 puts your
00:37:23.780 needs first
00:37:24.400 we got
00:37:25.140 you
00:37:25.400 for all
00:37:26.000 your
00:37:26.180 holistic
00:37:26.560 investment
00:37:27.100 and life
00:37:27.540 insurance
00:37:27.920 advice
00:37:28.260 needs
00:37:28.640 talk to
00:37:29.180 us
00:37:29.380 today
00:37:29.720 cooperators
00:37:30.700 investing
00:37:31.360 in your
00:37:31.720 future
00:37:32.100 together
00:37:32.700 mutual funds
00:37:35.520 are offered
00:37:35.780 through
00:37:35.920 cooperators
00:37:36.280 financial
00:37:36.580 investment
00:37:36.880 services
00:37:37.220 inc
00:37:37.380 to
00:37:37.500 Canadian
00:37:37.760 residents
00:37:38.160 except
00:37:38.360 those
00:37:38.580 in Quebec
00:37:38.840 in the
00:37:39.020 territories
00:37:39.320 segregated
00:37:39.680 funds
00:37:39.940 are administered
00:37:40.320 by cooperators
00:37:40.900 life insurance
00:37:41.340 company
00:37:41.680 life insurance
00:37:42.160 is underwritten
00:37:42.580 by cooperators
00:37:43.100 life insurance
00:37:43.460 company
00:37:43.760 Jackson
00:37:45.200 took
00:37:45.720 a different
00:37:46.500 tack
00:37:47.100 not that
00:37:48.480 he
00:37:49.100 he was
00:37:49.780 against
00:37:50.500 Georgia
00:37:51.200 on the
00:37:52.160 question
00:37:52.500 of Indian
00:37:52.960 removal
00:37:53.460 but Georgia
00:37:55.280 certainly
00:37:55.960 wasn't stating
00:37:56.740 their case
00:37:57.400 with much
00:37:57.940 humanity
00:37:58.460 towards
00:37:59.260 the nations
00:38:00.100 at that
00:38:00.740 point
00:38:01.020 they were
00:38:02.020 feeling
00:38:02.480 very bitter
00:38:03.180 and aggrieved
00:38:04.240 and did
00:38:05.320 not trust
00:38:06.100 the nations
00:38:06.940 Jackson
00:38:08.820 in 1828
00:38:10.160 addresses
00:38:10.660 Congress
00:38:11.240 and says
00:38:12.800 several very
00:38:13.920 interesting
00:38:14.320 things
00:38:14.660 he says
00:38:15.040 it has
00:38:16.040 long been
00:38:16.460 the policy
00:38:17.060 of the
00:38:17.560 government
00:38:17.860 to introduce
00:38:18.800 among
00:38:19.240 the nations
00:38:20.120 the arts
00:38:20.640 of civilization
00:38:21.440 with the
00:38:22.380 hope of
00:38:22.740 gradually
00:38:23.240 reclaiming
00:38:24.000 them from
00:38:24.440 a wandering
00:38:25.040 life
00:38:25.520 he's talking
00:38:27.000 about the
00:38:27.440 hunter-gatherer
00:38:28.760 mode of
00:38:29.340 civilization
00:38:30.180 which puts
00:38:31.800 them in
00:38:32.360 conflict
00:38:32.780 with a
00:38:33.480 property
00:38:33.900 owning
00:38:34.360 culture
00:38:34.840 he says
00:38:36.420 the policy
00:38:37.200 has been
00:38:38.060 coupled with
00:38:38.700 another
00:38:39.060 wholly
00:38:39.480 incompatible
00:38:40.380 with its
00:38:41.340 success
00:38:41.980 professing a
00:38:43.160 desire to
00:38:43.720 civilize and
00:38:44.380 settle them
00:38:44.820 we have at
00:38:45.500 the same time
00:38:46.140 lost no
00:38:46.640 opportunity to
00:38:47.440 purchase their
00:38:48.120 lands and
00:38:49.320 thrust them
00:38:50.060 farther into
00:38:50.920 the wilderness
00:38:51.460 and they've been
00:38:53.480 led to look
00:38:54.280 upon us as
00:38:55.280 unjust and
00:38:56.600 indifferent to
00:38:57.480 their fates
00:38:58.080 nations on
00:39:05.580 the eastern
00:39:06.060 seaboard
00:39:06.700 where are
00:39:08.040 the
00:39:08.260 Pequots
00:39:08.860 where are
00:39:09.860 the
00:39:10.060 Powhatans
00:39:10.860 where are
00:39:11.900 the
00:39:12.100 Delawares
00:39:12.780 they are
00:39:13.740 gone
00:39:14.360 their
00:39:15.360 civilizations
00:39:16.040 are extinct
00:39:17.080 their
00:39:17.540 languages
00:39:18.120 forgotten
00:39:18.940 and he
00:39:20.640 laments
00:39:21.400 the extinction
00:39:22.240 of their
00:39:22.820 civilizations
00:39:23.460 this from
00:39:24.980 a man
00:39:25.460 who has
00:39:26.060 engaged
00:39:26.760 in
00:39:27.260 brutal
00:39:28.180 conflict
00:39:28.840 with the
00:39:29.580 nations
00:39:30.040 on the
00:39:30.580 frontier
00:39:31.060 he has
00:39:32.740 a liberal
00:39:33.800 humanitarian
00:39:34.700 posture
00:39:35.360 towards their
00:39:36.480 ultimate
00:39:36.920 destiny
00:39:37.700 he says
00:39:41.040 that the
00:39:42.060 nations
00:39:42.460 should be
00:39:43.200 protected
00:39:43.760 and patronized
00:39:45.440 by the
00:39:46.260 federal
00:39:46.500 government
00:39:47.040 so that
00:39:48.080 they can
00:39:48.520 preserve
00:39:49.240 their
00:39:49.640 folkways
00:39:50.480 this
00:39:52.440 in
00:39:53.200 in
00:39:53.740 distinction
00:39:54.160 to
00:39:54.540 john
00:39:54.860 marshall's
00:39:55.500 opinion
00:39:55.940 he says
00:39:57.400 cannot
00:39:58.360 occur
00:39:59.320 inside
00:39:59.940 the
00:40:00.280 limits
00:40:00.680 of
00:40:01.000 the
00:40:01.180 existing
00:40:01.740 states
00:40:02.540 jackson
00:40:03.860 is adamant
00:40:04.560 on this
00:40:05.000 because he
00:40:05.700 is very
00:40:06.360 direct
00:40:07.040 and clear
00:40:07.780 on his
00:40:08.300 interpretation
00:40:08.800 of the
00:40:09.280 constitution
00:40:09.900 the
00:40:11.080 constitution
00:40:11.540 explicitly
00:40:12.640 says
00:40:13.200 the
00:40:13.380 federal
00:40:13.580 government
00:40:13.960 may not
00:40:14.600 carve
00:40:15.060 up
00:40:15.480 existing
00:40:16.180 states
00:40:16.840 without
00:40:17.540 their
00:40:17.860 consent
00:40:18.320 and this
00:40:20.080 was the
00:40:20.640 matter
00:40:20.880 of
00:40:21.320 georgia's
00:40:21.980 contentions
00:40:22.760 in the
00:40:23.040 supreme
00:40:23.300 court
00:40:23.640 and georgia's
00:40:24.460 ultimate
00:40:24.880 ignoring the
00:40:27.740 supreme court
00:40:28.240 rulings in
00:40:28.840 relation to
00:40:29.340 the
00:40:29.480 cherokees
00:40:30.000 jackson
00:40:33.080 speaks of
00:40:33.900 how
00:40:34.740 humanity
00:40:35.580 will view
00:40:36.400 the united
00:40:36.900 states
00:40:37.340 in relation
00:40:38.020 to the
00:40:38.720 native
00:40:38.960 peoples
00:40:39.500 to the
00:40:40.200 indian
00:40:40.920 nations
00:40:41.380 and proposes
00:40:42.960 federal
00:40:43.700 reservations
00:40:44.360 he says
00:40:46.680 and this
00:40:47.820 is his
00:40:48.160 recommendation
00:40:48.540 to congress
00:40:49.220 he's calling
00:40:49.820 for legislation
00:40:50.720 you must
00:40:51.400 understand
00:40:51.800 the president
00:40:52.300 does not
00:40:52.800 write laws
00:40:53.440 congress
00:40:53.860 writes laws
00:40:54.580 the president
00:40:55.360 ratifies them
00:40:56.500 signs them
00:40:57.040 into law
00:40:57.520 or vetoes
00:40:58.420 them
00:40:58.620 he's asking
00:40:59.980 congress
00:41:00.440 for legislation
00:41:01.240 to establish
00:41:02.540 reservations
00:41:03.280 in federal
00:41:04.560 territory
00:41:05.200 in the west
00:41:06.460 outside of the
00:41:08.220 boundaries
00:41:08.560 of existing
00:41:09.980 states
00:41:10.460 and he says
00:41:11.840 to congress
00:41:12.540 and i quote
00:41:13.520 this immigration
00:41:15.660 should be
00:41:16.520 voluntary
00:41:17.340 for it
00:41:18.400 would be
00:41:18.900 as cruel
00:41:19.940 and unjust
00:41:20.940 to compel
00:41:22.200 the aborigines
00:41:23.140 to abandon
00:41:24.480 the graves
00:41:25.040 of their
00:41:25.380 fathers
00:41:25.780 and seek
00:41:26.880 a home
00:41:27.260 in a
00:41:27.520 distant
00:41:27.800 land
00:41:28.220 but they
00:41:29.480 should be
00:41:29.900 distinctly
00:41:30.600 informed
00:41:31.120 that if
00:41:32.000 they remain
00:41:32.680 within the
00:41:33.240 limits
00:41:33.500 of the
00:41:33.800 states
00:41:34.160 they must
00:41:35.200 be subject
00:41:35.860 to their
00:41:36.480 laws
00:41:36.940 so here
00:41:39.040 is another
00:41:39.460 element
00:41:39.920 in the
00:41:40.500 famous
00:41:40.840 indian
00:41:41.500 removal
00:41:42.020 act
00:41:42.580 of 1830
00:41:43.780 the nations
00:41:45.420 are given
00:41:46.160 choices
00:41:47.060 these choices
00:41:48.520 are very
00:41:49.020 distinct
00:41:49.600 they will
00:41:51.460 either
00:41:51.880 go out
00:41:53.140 to the
00:41:53.500 federal
00:41:53.700 reservation
00:41:54.320 in which
00:41:55.280 case
00:41:55.580 they can
00:41:56.160 remain
00:41:57.320 with their
00:41:57.820 tribal
00:41:58.300 form of
00:41:59.000 government
00:41:59.440 and a
00:42:00.320 special
00:42:00.800 sovereignty
00:42:01.560 inside
00:42:02.280 of the
00:42:02.720 union
00:42:03.100 something
00:42:04.260 that the
00:42:04.940 tribes
00:42:05.400 on the
00:42:05.720 reservations
00:42:06.260 enjoy today
00:42:07.240 which is
00:42:07.640 why they
00:42:07.980 run
00:42:08.240 casinos
00:42:08.780 and such
00:42:09.320 they're
00:42:10.040 not subject
00:42:10.580 to local
00:42:11.120 or state
00:42:11.680 laws
00:42:12.080 they're
00:42:12.340 federally
00:42:12.760 administrated
00:42:13.460 they may
00:42:15.380 also
00:42:16.020 stay
00:42:16.780 where they
00:42:17.240 are
00:42:17.720 but they
00:42:18.920 may not
00:42:19.640 preserve
00:42:20.240 their
00:42:20.520 tribal
00:42:21.080 mode
00:42:21.640 of
00:42:21.860 government
00:42:22.340 nor
00:42:23.100 may
00:42:23.440 they
00:42:23.680 continue
00:42:24.140 in their
00:42:24.540 traditional
00:42:25.040 warrior
00:42:25.740 culture
00:42:26.280 where men
00:42:27.600 gain
00:42:27.980 status
00:42:28.460 in the
00:42:28.820 tribe
00:42:29.180 by
00:42:29.720 participating
00:42:30.340 in battle
00:42:31.200 that has
00:42:33.060 been antagonistic
00:42:33.980 to peace
00:42:34.560 on the
00:42:34.840 frontier
00:42:35.280 and
00:42:36.120 Jackson
00:42:36.540 is adamant
00:42:37.220 on this
00:42:37.560 this is
00:42:38.160 the point
00:42:38.720 Jackson
00:42:39.780 says
00:42:40.160 we will
00:42:40.480 not
00:42:40.900 have
00:42:41.420 parallel
00:42:42.640 magistrates
00:42:43.940 for the
00:42:44.720 different
00:42:45.120 nations
00:42:45.720 inside
00:42:46.320 of America
00:42:47.080 they are
00:42:48.620 all going
00:42:49.200 to be
00:42:49.480 subject
00:42:49.800 to the
00:42:50.200 laws
00:42:50.500 of the
00:42:50.840 states
00:42:51.180 where
00:42:51.660 they
00:42:51.940 live
00:42:52.400 we're
00:42:52.800 not
00:42:53.020 going
00:42:53.220 to have
00:42:53.700 different
00:42:54.460 justice
00:42:54.920 systems
00:42:55.560 for the
00:42:56.340 different
00:42:56.700 Indian
00:42:57.160 nations
00:42:57.860 so
00:42:59.300 Jackson
00:42:59.760 is
00:43:00.180 so
00:43:01.360 Jackson
00:43:01.900 is usually
00:43:02.280 portrayed
00:43:02.760 as an
00:43:03.320 incredibly
00:43:03.840 sinister
00:43:04.900 character
00:43:05.720 looking to
00:43:06.560 genocide
00:43:06.960 all of
00:43:07.620 the
00:43:07.760 Indian
00:43:08.060 tribes
00:43:08.720 that
00:43:08.940 he
00:43:09.120 went
00:43:09.360 to
00:43:09.520 war
00:43:09.740 with
00:43:10.120 but
00:43:10.780 the
00:43:10.900 picture
00:43:11.120 you're
00:43:11.360 painting
00:43:11.620 is of
00:43:12.040 a man
00:43:12.460 who
00:43:12.860 respects
00:43:13.500 the
00:43:13.740 opponents
00:43:14.300 in which
00:43:14.840 he
00:43:15.000 engaged
00:43:15.580 and he
00:43:16.300 ultimately
00:43:16.800 wants to
00:43:17.960 see them
00:43:18.720 have the
00:43:19.120 option to
00:43:19.580 preserve
00:43:19.860 their way
00:43:20.260 of life
00:43:20.620 but he
00:43:20.880 recognizes
00:43:21.480 that
00:43:21.840 America
00:43:22.260 can't
00:43:23.260 continue
00:43:23.660 if you're
00:43:24.120 carving out
00:43:24.840 special
00:43:25.260 exceptions
00:43:25.740 for certain
00:43:26.340 tribes
00:43:26.940 inside the
00:43:28.060 nation
00:43:28.400 and so
00:43:28.900 either
00:43:29.220 everyone
00:43:29.960 assimilates
00:43:30.660 or you
00:43:31.700 have to
00:43:32.060 separate
00:43:32.420 but there
00:43:33.000 is this
00:43:33.540 middle
00:43:34.060 ground
00:43:34.620 of
00:43:36.940 cohabitate
00:43:37.380 the same
00:43:37.900 area
00:43:38.440 with
00:43:38.880 totally
00:43:39.280 different
00:43:39.680 understandings
00:43:40.580 of
00:43:40.820 identity
00:43:41.600 and
00:43:41.880 civilization
00:43:42.540 and
00:43:42.840 nationhood
00:43:43.400 these
00:43:44.000 things
00:43:44.240 are going
00:43:44.460 to be
00:43:44.620 long-term
00:43:45.060 deleterious
00:43:45.780 and so
00:43:46.060 he says
00:43:46.460 okay
00:43:46.720 well
00:43:47.020 here
00:43:47.320 are
00:43:47.980 your
00:43:48.180 options
00:43:48.580 this
00:43:48.900 is not
00:43:49.200 a man
00:43:49.480 who
00:43:49.660 is
00:43:49.920 looking
00:43:50.380 to
00:43:50.580 annihilate
00:43:51.060 a way
00:43:51.320 of
00:43:51.500 life
00:43:51.780 he's
00:43:52.160 looking
00:43:52.440 to
00:43:52.920 provide
00:43:53.680 the
00:43:54.040 opportunity
00:43:54.440 for
00:43:54.660 that
00:43:54.780 way
00:43:54.880 of
00:43:55.000 life
00:43:55.120 to
00:43:55.260 continue
00:43:55.720 while
00:43:56.360 also
00:43:56.780 looking
00:43:57.200 out
00:43:57.480 for
00:43:57.800 the
00:43:58.160 tradition
00:43:59.720 and
00:44:00.280 continuity
00:44:00.800 and
00:44:01.040 identity
00:44:01.440 of the
00:44:02.020 nation
00:44:02.280 he is
00:44:02.620 building
00:44:02.940 absolutely
00:44:05.100 and it
00:44:06.480 is a
00:44:07.420 humanitarian
00:44:07.940 position
00:44:08.800 and
00:44:10.000 much
00:44:10.620 of
00:44:10.840 what
00:44:11.100 has
00:44:11.480 been
00:44:11.700 done
00:44:12.120 since
00:44:12.820 then
00:44:13.220 the
00:44:13.860 organization
00:44:14.380 of
00:44:14.920 the
00:44:15.080 reservation
00:44:15.600 system
00:44:16.300 though
00:44:17.380 it's
00:44:17.860 obviously
00:44:18.460 not
00:44:18.840 without
00:44:19.120 its
00:44:19.360 downsides
00:44:20.060 and
00:44:20.360 I
00:44:20.500 don't
00:44:20.640 think
00:44:20.940 any
00:44:21.500 of
00:44:21.720 us
00:44:21.900 would
00:44:22.060 feel
00:44:22.260 comfortable
00:44:22.720 with
00:44:23.320 the
00:44:23.520 military
00:44:23.940 expulsion
00:44:24.680 of
00:44:24.880 the
00:44:24.980 nations
00:44:25.340 which
00:44:25.620 takes
00:44:26.340 place
00:44:26.640 after
00:44:27.160 Jackson
00:44:27.780 Congress
00:44:29.700 does
00:44:30.540 give
00:44:30.860 Jackson
00:44:31.240 the law
00:44:31.760 that
00:44:32.360 allows
00:44:32.880 for
00:44:33.140 the
00:44:33.320 military
00:44:33.900 exile
00:44:36.340 the
00:44:36.840 forced
00:44:37.320 removal
00:44:38.000 of
00:44:38.720 the
00:44:39.100 nations
00:44:39.540 but
00:44:39.980 Jackson
00:44:40.260 does
00:44:40.500 not
00:44:40.720 employ
00:44:41.100 it
00:44:41.300 during
00:44:41.520 his
00:44:41.760 presidency
00:44:42.240 and
00:44:43.400 that's
00:44:43.840 also
00:44:44.240 an
00:44:44.440 interesting
00:44:44.780 point
00:44:45.120 he's
00:44:45.380 ultimately
00:44:45.720 responsible
00:44:46.300 for
00:44:46.740 it
00:44:46.960 but
00:44:47.940 he
00:44:48.160 does
00:44:48.380 not
00:44:48.580 use
00:44:48.880 it
00:44:49.800 Jackson
00:44:51.320 while
00:44:52.300 he
00:44:52.620 is
00:44:52.840 president
00:44:53.240 actually
00:44:54.580 attends
00:44:55.320 tribal
00:44:55.940 councils
00:44:56.500 in
00:44:57.220 Tennessee
00:44:57.600 he
00:44:58.220 is
00:44:58.400 the
00:44:58.580 only
00:44:59.000 American
00:44:59.680 president
00:45:00.140 to
00:45:00.700 go
00:45:01.220 to
00:45:01.680 attend
00:45:02.280 a
00:45:02.800 tribal
00:45:03.100 council
00:45:03.580 and
00:45:05.040 these
00:45:05.660 are
00:45:05.920 nations
00:45:06.500 who
00:45:07.060 were
00:45:07.300 allied
00:45:07.880 under
00:45:08.580 Jackson's
00:45:09.400 command
00:45:09.880 in
00:45:10.620 the
00:45:10.780 war
00:45:10.980 of
00:45:11.140 1812
00:45:11.900 these
00:45:12.840 are
00:45:13.020 the
00:45:13.260 Choctaws
00:45:13.880 and
00:45:14.360 Chickasaws
00:45:15.020 in
00:45:16.040 western
00:45:16.740 Tennessee
00:45:17.220 so
00:45:19.060 Jackson
00:45:19.560 as the
00:45:20.300 president
00:45:20.760 of the
00:45:21.100 United
00:45:21.360 States
00:45:21.740 he
00:45:21.940 actually
00:45:22.240 travels
00:45:22.800 back
00:45:23.100 to
00:45:23.260 Tennessee
00:45:23.640 to
00:45:23.900 Franklin
00:45:24.260 Tennessee
00:45:24.680 where
00:45:25.000 he
00:45:25.160 attends
00:45:25.540 this
00:45:25.820 council
00:45:26.240 and
00:45:27.180 there
00:45:27.400 he
00:45:27.580 gives
00:45:27.920 them
00:45:28.160 a
00:45:28.420 speech
00:45:28.800 these
00:45:30.660 were
00:45:30.840 his
00:45:31.060 comrades
00:45:31.540 in
00:45:31.740 arms
00:45:32.080 they
00:45:33.080 had
00:45:33.320 marched
00:45:33.760 all
00:45:34.120 the
00:45:34.300 way
00:45:34.480 to
00:45:34.680 New
00:45:34.860 Orleans
00:45:35.240 and
00:45:35.600 fought
00:45:35.920 the
00:45:36.140 British
00:45:36.560 under
00:45:37.040 his
00:45:37.380 command
00:45:37.880 at
00:45:38.340 New
00:45:38.520 Orleans
00:45:38.880 and
00:45:40.440 after
00:45:40.820 the
00:45:41.120 Indian
00:45:41.380 Removal
00:45:41.800 Act
00:45:42.040 is
00:45:42.220 passed
00:45:42.600 he
00:45:43.200 goes
00:45:43.460 to
00:45:43.620 them
00:45:43.860 and
00:45:44.360 says
00:45:44.780 brothers
00:45:45.640 listen
00:45:46.560 to
00:45:47.300 these
00:45:47.680 laws
00:45:48.200 where
00:45:48.760 you
00:45:49.020 are
00:45:49.440 you
00:45:49.960 must
00:45:50.440 submit
00:45:51.060 there
00:45:51.860 is
00:45:52.220 no
00:45:52.540 alternative
00:45:53.160 old
00:45:54.440 men
00:45:54.820 lead
00:45:55.400 your
00:45:55.600 children
00:45:56.040 to
00:45:56.300 a
00:45:56.500 land
00:45:56.760 of
00:45:56.920 promise
00:45:57.520 preserve
00:45:58.440 your
00:45:58.960 people
00:45:59.460 and
00:46:00.000 your
00:46:00.200 nation
00:46:00.680 so
00:46:02.720 he's
00:46:02.980 encouraging
00:46:03.580 these
00:46:04.300 chiefs
00:46:05.000 to
00:46:05.220 take
00:46:05.620 their
00:46:05.980 nation
00:46:06.460 out
00:46:07.220 west
00:46:07.600 to
00:46:07.860 the
00:46:08.020 federal
00:46:08.340 Indian
00:46:09.040 territory
00:46:09.600 what
00:46:09.900 becomes
00:46:10.600 Oklahoma
00:46:11.200 and
00:46:12.960 the
00:46:13.280 people
00:46:13.600 that
00:46:13.880 he
00:46:14.080 talks
00:46:14.480 to
00:46:14.740 there
00:46:15.180 in
00:46:15.540 Franklin
00:46:15.940 are
00:46:16.460 convinced
00:46:17.020 and
00:46:17.500 they
00:46:17.660 voluntarily
00:46:18.240 go
00:46:18.760 so
00:46:19.260 that
00:46:19.440 they
00:46:19.580 can
00:46:19.780 preserve
00:46:20.280 their
00:46:20.520 folkways
00:46:21.140 but
00:46:22.420 we
00:46:22.560 see
00:46:22.860 here
00:46:23.220 the
00:46:23.700 emphasis
00:46:24.280 of
00:46:24.720 Jackson
00:46:25.140 he
00:46:25.820 doesn't
00:46:26.240 want
00:46:26.560 them
00:46:26.740 to
00:46:26.980 give
00:46:27.220 up
00:46:27.460 their
00:46:27.740 distinctive
00:46:28.200 cultures
00:46:28.840 he
00:46:29.720 actually
00:46:30.100 wants
00:46:30.600 to
00:46:31.240 he
00:46:32.080 wants
00:46:32.520 to
00:46:32.680 patronize
00:46:33.280 that
00:46:33.580 and
00:46:34.540 we
00:46:34.820 still
00:46:35.200 do
00:46:35.500 to
00:46:35.680 this
00:46:35.940 day
00:46:36.280 through
00:46:36.920 the
00:46:37.360 Bureau
00:46:37.620 of
00:46:37.820 Indian
00:46:38.100 Affairs
00:46:38.480 in
00:46:39.260 the
00:46:39.440 Department
00:46:39.740 of
00:46:39.940 the
00:46:40.080 Interior
00:46:40.460 that
00:46:40.920 administrates
00:46:41.560 the
00:46:41.720 Indian
00:46:41.960 reservations
00:46:42.500 that
00:46:44.140 is
00:46:44.360 the
00:46:44.620 major
00:46:44.980 reason
00:46:45.500 why
00:46:45.960 we
00:46:46.560 have
00:46:47.140 linguistic
00:46:48.160 studies
00:46:48.840 on
00:46:49.500 the
00:46:49.920 Native
00:46:50.080 American
00:46:50.520 languages
00:46:51.140 why
00:46:51.920 we
00:46:52.140 have
00:46:53.180 a lot
00:46:53.860 of
00:46:54.280 good
00:46:55.640 sources
00:46:56.300 oral
00:46:57.300 history
00:46:57.880 mythology
00:46:58.800 the
00:47:00.160 nations
00:47:00.580 that
00:47:00.880 did
00:47:01.200 preserve
00:47:01.760 their
00:47:02.320 folkways
00:47:02.860 by going
00:47:03.320 to the
00:47:03.620 reservation
00:47:04.120 were able
00:47:04.980 to preserve
00:47:05.620 those
00:47:05.960 things
00:47:06.400 whereas
00:47:06.940 those
00:47:07.640 that
00:47:07.940 stayed
00:47:08.420 tended
00:47:08.920 to
00:47:09.180 amalgamate
00:47:09.900 they
00:47:10.360 submitted
00:47:10.800 finally
00:47:11.300 to the
00:47:11.720 laws
00:47:11.960 of their
00:47:12.300 states
00:47:12.680 there
00:47:14.020 was
00:47:14.380 of course
00:47:14.940 the
00:47:15.700 other
00:47:15.920 option
00:47:16.400 which
00:47:17.400 was
00:47:17.700 staying
00:47:18.260 where
00:47:18.480 they
00:47:18.660 were
00:47:18.980 and
00:47:19.720 insisting
00:47:20.600 on
00:47:21.020 keeping
00:47:21.520 their
00:47:21.820 tribal
00:47:22.300 form
00:47:22.640 of
00:47:22.820 government
00:47:23.260 in
00:47:24.760 that
00:47:25.040 case
00:47:25.460 they
00:47:25.840 came
00:47:26.240 into
00:47:26.580 conflict
00:47:27.080 with
00:47:27.380 the
00:47:27.500 United
00:47:27.720 States
00:47:28.140 government
00:47:28.660 on
00:47:29.880 the
00:47:30.060 grounds
00:47:30.380 of
00:47:30.620 the
00:47:30.880 Indian
00:47:31.460 Removal
00:47:31.900 Act
00:47:32.140 of
00:47:32.260 1830
00:47:32.920 those
00:47:34.420 were
00:47:34.900 the
00:47:35.500 specific
00:47:36.540 tribal
00:47:38.220 bands
00:47:38.780 that
00:47:39.380 found
00:47:39.680 themselves
00:47:40.280 forcibly
00:47:41.020 removed
00:47:41.560 in the
00:47:42.320 famous
00:47:42.620 Trail
00:47:42.900 of
00:47:43.060 Tears
00:47:43.420 that
00:47:44.700 all
00:47:44.900 began
00:47:45.340 under
00:47:46.040 Martin
00:47:46.520 Van
00:47:46.820 Buren
00:47:47.120 Jackson's
00:47:48.380 vice
00:47:48.860 president
00:47:49.300 and
00:47:49.640 successor
00:47:50.120 well
00:47:51.840 Mr.
00:47:52.200 Bagby
00:47:52.500 we are
00:47:53.000 up
00:47:53.160 against
00:47:53.400 the
00:47:53.600 clock
00:47:53.980 and
00:47:54.540 I
00:47:55.040 wanted
00:47:55.600 to
00:47:55.760 get
00:47:55.880 to
00:47:56.000 one
00:47:56.220 more
00:47:56.400 thing
00:47:56.780 before
00:47:57.120 we
00:47:57.340 run
00:47:57.620 out
00:47:57.780 of
00:47:57.900 time
00:47:58.220 and
00:47:58.360 I'm
00:47:58.500 sorry
00:47:58.720 to
00:47:58.880 have
00:47:59.060 to
00:47:59.380 ask
00:47:59.960 you
00:48:00.060 to
00:48:00.180 cram
00:48:00.420 it
00:48:00.540 into
00:48:00.700 such
00:48:00.920 little
00:48:01.160 time
00:48:01.520 left
00:48:01.960 but
00:48:02.380 can
00:48:02.540 you
00:48:02.680 touch
00:48:02.960 briefly
00:48:03.580 on
00:48:03.920 the
00:48:04.040 nullification
00:48:04.500 crisis
00:48:05.380 the
00:48:05.620 scene
00:48:05.840 throughout
00:48:07.020 much
00:48:07.380 of
00:48:07.580 Jackson's
00:48:07.980 presidency
00:48:08.420 seems
00:48:08.820 to
00:48:08.940 be
00:48:09.160 territorial
00:48:13.420 cutting
00:48:13.880 back
00:48:14.320 of
00:48:14.520 government
00:48:14.840 power
00:48:15.380 and
00:48:15.640 the
00:48:15.760 expansion
00:48:16.160 of
00:48:16.800 the
00:48:17.860 federal
00:48:18.440 government
00:48:18.820 as we
00:48:19.120 understand
00:48:19.520 it
00:48:19.860 how
00:48:20.260 does
00:48:20.400 the
00:48:20.580 nullification
00:48:21.140 crisis
00:48:21.640 play
00:48:22.040 into
00:48:22.280 that
00:48:22.680 balance
00:48:23.600 with
00:48:23.820 Jackson
00:48:24.140 that's
00:48:25.740 a
00:48:25.900 fascinating
00:48:26.540 story
00:48:27.260 and
00:48:27.600 obviously
00:48:28.120 there
00:48:28.460 are
00:48:28.540 a lot
00:48:28.780 of
00:48:28.900 elements
00:48:29.400 of
00:48:29.940 Jackson
00:48:30.440 had
00:48:30.860 had
00:48:31.080 a
00:48:31.200 falling
00:48:31.500 out
00:48:31.800 with
00:48:32.060 his
00:48:32.260 first
00:48:32.540 vice
00:48:32.840 president
00:48:33.280 John
00:48:33.680 C.
00:48:33.960 Calhoun
00:48:34.400 of
00:48:34.600 South
00:48:34.820 Carolina
00:48:35.340 John
00:48:36.520 C.
00:48:36.780 Calhoun
00:48:37.240 was
00:48:37.520 the
00:48:37.720 major
00:48:38.020 proponent
00:48:38.700 of
00:48:39.160 the
00:48:39.360 theory
00:48:39.660 of
00:48:39.860 nullification
00:48:40.360 which
00:48:41.720 did
00:48:42.060 not
00:48:43.420 Jackson's
00:48:43.800 administration
00:48:44.420 it
00:48:45.220 goes
00:48:45.440 all
00:48:45.580 the
00:48:45.660 way
00:48:45.780 back
00:48:46.100 to
00:48:46.340 the
00:48:46.680 Adams
00:48:47.360 administration
00:48:48.140 the
00:48:48.680 second
00:48:49.080 president
00:48:49.620 of
00:48:49.820 the
00:48:49.920 United
00:48:50.140 States
00:48:50.560 and
00:48:51.280 the
00:48:51.580 sedition
00:48:52.300 act
00:48:52.740 which
00:48:53.700 curtailed
00:48:54.480 freedom
00:48:54.720 of
00:48:54.940 speech
00:48:55.300 and
00:48:55.460 the
00:48:55.580 press
00:48:55.920 back
00:48:56.280 then
00:48:56.560 Kentucky
00:48:57.240 and
00:48:57.480 Virginia
00:48:57.900 both
00:48:58.460 nullified
00:48:59.020 that
00:48:59.260 act
00:48:59.560 and
00:49:00.080 so
00:49:00.240 that
00:49:00.440 is
00:49:00.600 the
00:49:00.860 origin
00:49:01.440 of
00:49:01.880 the
00:49:02.100 issue
00:49:02.440 as
00:49:03.120 it
00:49:03.300 stood
00:49:03.580 it
00:49:04.200 was
00:49:04.360 seen
00:49:04.560 as
00:49:04.720 a
00:49:04.860 Jeffersonian
00:49:05.560 issue
00:49:06.040 and
00:49:06.880 Thomas
00:49:07.360 Jefferson
00:49:07.780 the
00:49:08.040 author
00:49:08.280 of
00:49:08.440 the
00:49:08.560 Kentucky
00:49:08.880 resolution
00:49:09.360 is
00:49:10.220 the
00:49:10.580 original
00:49:10.860 author
00:49:13.420 Chauncey
00:49:13.700 Calhoun
00:49:14.200 is
00:49:14.640 Jackson's
00:49:16.520 contemporary
00:49:17.440 the
00:49:18.440 major
00:49:19.240 thinker
00:49:19.860 in
00:49:20.340 those
00:49:20.600 lines
00:49:21.040 Jackson
00:49:21.860 falls
00:49:22.240 out
00:49:22.480 with
00:49:22.660 Calhoun
00:49:23.220 for
00:49:23.740 various
00:49:24.160 reasons
00:49:24.700 some
00:49:26.400 of
00:49:26.560 them
00:49:26.660 are
00:49:26.780 very
00:49:26.980 colorful
00:49:27.420 nevertheless
00:49:28.740 Jackson
00:49:30.120 is
00:49:31.480 the
00:49:32.100 executive
00:49:32.840 he is
00:49:33.380 the
00:49:33.560 president
00:49:33.880 of the
00:49:34.080 United
00:49:34.280 States
00:49:34.680 and
00:49:35.240 he
00:49:35.400 is
00:49:35.600 dealing
00:49:35.900 with
00:49:36.540 a
00:49:37.120 law
00:49:37.560 coming
00:49:37.900 from
00:49:38.160 Congress
00:49:38.660 the
00:49:39.580 famous
00:49:40.360 American
00:49:41.240 system
00:49:41.880 of
00:49:42.560 Henry
00:49:42.920 Clay
00:49:43.340 Henry
00:49:44.600 Clay
00:49:45.020 is
00:49:45.660 a
00:49:46.180 student
00:49:46.560 of
00:49:46.940 Hamilton
00:49:47.380 he
00:49:48.420 set
00:49:48.760 up
00:49:48.980 a
00:49:49.280 system
00:49:49.660 of
00:49:50.260 protective
00:49:50.920 tariffs
00:49:51.600 which
00:49:52.620 disadvantage
00:49:53.480 the
00:49:54.040 agricultural
00:49:54.580 states
00:49:55.240 and
00:49:56.580 patronize
00:49:57.680 the
00:49:58.060 industrial
00:49:58.540 so the
00:49:59.920 protective
00:50:00.300 tariffs
00:50:00.760 raise
00:50:01.520 the
00:50:01.760 cost
00:50:02.220 of
00:50:02.700 goods
00:50:03.140 in
00:50:03.900 the
00:50:04.380 states
00:50:04.680 that
00:50:04.940 import
00:50:05.660 manufactured
00:50:06.680 goods
00:50:07.100 it
00:50:08.360 artificially
00:50:08.940 raises
00:50:09.360 the
00:50:09.620 cost
00:50:09.980 of
00:50:10.460 their
00:50:10.820 foreign
00:50:11.300 imports
00:50:11.860 to
00:50:12.420 make
00:50:12.640 American
00:50:13.140 made
00:50:13.440 goods
00:50:13.820 more
00:50:14.440 competitive
00:50:15.020 South
00:50:16.780 Carolina
00:50:17.260 objects
00:50:17.820 to
00:50:18.040 this
00:50:18.260 because
00:50:18.620 of
00:50:19.140 the
00:50:19.300 special
00:50:19.680 patronage
00:50:20.500 that
00:50:20.940 it
00:50:21.200 represents
00:50:21.860 and
00:50:22.980 this
00:50:23.160 is
00:50:23.400 Calhoun's
00:50:24.080 contention
00:50:24.620 Andrew
00:50:26.120 Jackson
00:50:26.700 oversees
00:50:27.920 this
00:50:28.460 bill
00:50:29.340 signs
00:50:29.700 this
00:50:29.920 bill
00:50:30.160 into
00:50:30.360 law
00:50:30.640 has
00:50:32.480 his
00:50:33.400 criticisms
00:50:34.080 of the
00:50:34.560 policy
00:50:35.000 obviously
00:50:35.500 he has
00:50:36.000 acted
00:50:36.400 mostly
00:50:36.800 against
00:50:37.240 Hamilton's
00:50:37.780 interpretation
00:50:38.220 but
00:50:38.960 he does
00:50:39.300 sign
00:50:39.600 this
00:50:39.780 bill
00:50:39.980 into
00:50:40.220 law
00:50:40.520 with
00:50:40.960 the
00:50:41.060 majority
00:50:41.400 from
00:50:41.740 Congress
00:50:42.260 South
00:50:44.160 Carolina
00:50:44.560 then
00:50:44.800 announces
00:50:45.280 that
00:50:45.680 they
00:50:46.080 will
00:50:46.320 nullify
00:50:47.020 the
00:50:47.700 tariff
00:50:48.160 they
00:50:48.820 will
00:50:49.060 not
00:50:49.320 collect
00:50:49.700 the
00:50:49.900 tax
00:50:50.280 in
00:50:50.820 the
00:50:50.960 port
00:50:51.120 of
00:50:51.260 Charleston
00:50:51.780 Jackson
00:50:53.460 responds
00:50:53.980 by
00:50:54.260 calling
00:50:55.960 for
00:50:56.340 the
00:50:56.860 force
00:50:57.240 bill
00:50:57.580 which
00:50:58.260 gets
00:50:58.740 passed
00:50:59.060 through
00:50:59.280 Congress
00:50:59.700 enabling
00:51:00.440 the
00:51:00.700 president
00:51:01.060 to
00:51:01.860 send
00:51:03.920 troops
00:51:04.320 to
00:51:04.520 South
00:51:04.700 Carolina
00:51:05.160 to
00:51:05.860 enforce
00:51:06.860 federal
00:51:07.400 law
00:51:07.840 and
00:51:08.160 tax
00:51:08.480 collection
00:51:09.020 Henry
00:51:10.240 Clay
00:51:10.620 is
00:51:10.860 appalled
00:51:11.400 by
00:51:11.700 that
00:51:12.120 this
00:51:13.200 is
00:51:13.440 Jackson
00:51:13.960 at
00:51:14.280 his
00:51:14.540 most
00:51:14.880 pugnacious
00:51:15.540 as
00:51:16.220 president
00:51:16.680 Henry
00:51:18.460 Clay
00:51:18.900 does
00:51:19.520 not
00:51:19.780 believe
00:51:20.240 that
00:51:20.960 this
00:51:22.340 is
00:51:22.520 the
00:51:22.660 right
00:51:22.800 way
00:51:23.000 of
00:51:23.120 doing
00:51:23.300 things
00:51:23.580 at
00:51:23.680 all
00:51:23.820 even
00:51:24.060 though
00:51:24.300 it
00:51:24.540 is
00:51:24.880 his
00:51:25.160 brain
00:51:25.460 child
00:51:25.760 even
00:51:26.040 though
00:51:26.320 the
00:51:26.820 protective
00:51:27.260 tariffs
00:51:27.780 the
00:51:28.600 American
00:51:28.980 system
00:51:29.460 to
00:51:29.940 build
00:51:30.200 infrastructure
00:51:30.820 with
00:51:31.260 the
00:51:31.440 proceeds
00:51:31.900 of
00:51:32.260 these
00:51:32.460 tariffs
00:51:32.800 that's
00:51:33.540 what
00:51:33.680 he
00:51:33.860 is
00:51:34.060 always
00:51:34.480 been
00:51:34.640 about
00:51:35.000 in
00:51:35.500 Congress
00:51:35.900 so
00:51:37.000 Clay
00:51:37.420 goes
00:51:38.060 back
00:51:38.440 into
00:51:38.820 the
00:51:39.060 Senate
00:51:39.300 drafts
00:51:40.240 a new
00:51:40.440 bill
00:51:40.620 to
00:51:40.840 repeal
00:51:41.520 his
00:51:42.240 hated
00:51:42.840 tariff
00:51:43.380 of
00:51:43.540 abominations
00:51:44.500 so-called
00:51:45.500 in
00:51:45.700 South
00:51:45.940 Carolina
00:51:46.400 and
00:51:47.880 he
00:51:48.180 gets
00:51:48.580 the
00:51:49.100 bill
00:51:49.480 through
00:51:49.880 Congress
00:51:50.620 to
00:51:51.000 repeal
00:51:51.640 the
00:51:52.280 obnoxious
00:51:53.300 law
00:51:53.780 before
00:51:54.800 troops
00:51:55.440 arrive
00:51:55.880 in
00:51:56.060 South
00:51:56.280 Carolina
00:51:56.760 so
00:51:57.220 he
00:51:57.460 defuses
00:51:58.200 the
00:51:58.740 situation
00:51:59.360 this
00:52:01.040 is one
00:52:01.380 of the
00:52:01.720 great
00:52:02.420 things
00:52:02.860 about
00:52:03.180 Henry
00:52:03.480 Clay
00:52:03.840 a man
00:52:04.320 of
00:52:04.460 compromise
00:52:05.060 a man
00:52:06.060 who
00:52:06.260 believed
00:52:06.620 in the
00:52:06.900 union
00:52:07.200 who
00:52:07.420 did
00:52:07.560 not
00:52:07.740 believe
00:52:08.000 in
00:52:08.180 forcing
00:52:08.520 these
00:52:08.820 issues
00:52:09.200 when he
00:52:09.600 saw
00:52:09.900 how
00:52:10.380 strongly
00:52:10.880 his
00:52:11.160 opponents
00:52:11.660 objected
00:52:12.460 to it
00:52:12.780 that they
00:52:13.280 were willing
00:52:13.720 to risk
00:52:14.380 bloodshed
00:52:15.160 he did
00:52:15.780 not believe
00:52:16.300 American
00:52:16.720 taxes
00:52:17.180 should
00:52:17.540 ever result
00:52:18.300 in
00:52:18.600 bloodshed
00:52:19.140 so
00:52:20.920 so
00:52:20.940 that
00:52:21.100 was
00:52:21.280 how
00:52:21.480 that
00:52:21.800 whole
00:52:22.280 crisis
00:52:22.700 was
00:52:23.100 diffused
00:52:23.800 it's
00:52:24.320 notable
00:52:24.600 to
00:52:24.900 observe
00:52:27.360 here
00:52:27.760 South
00:52:28.200 Carolina
00:52:28.640 believed
00:52:29.040 that
00:52:29.220 they
00:52:29.360 had
00:52:29.500 won
00:52:29.780 they
00:52:32.180 thought
00:52:32.400 that
00:52:32.560 they
00:52:32.660 had
00:52:32.760 gotten
00:52:32.980 exactly
00:52:33.340 what
00:52:33.580 they
00:52:33.700 wanted
00:52:33.920 the
00:52:34.120 tax
00:52:34.400 was
00:52:34.600 repealed
00:52:35.080 troops
00:52:36.280 did
00:52:36.500 not
00:52:36.700 arrive
00:52:37.020 to
00:52:37.180 collect
00:52:37.480 it
00:52:37.640 and
00:52:38.240 they
00:52:38.440 believed
00:52:38.820 that
00:52:38.980 they
00:52:39.080 were
00:52:39.200 the
00:52:39.340 victors
00:52:39.700 of
00:52:39.880 the
00:52:40.000 situation
00:52:40.540 well
00:52:42.540 like I
00:52:43.100 said
00:52:43.320 this
00:52:43.540 presidency
00:52:44.220 is
00:52:45.080 incredibly
00:52:46.020 important
00:52:46.520 so much
00:52:47.240 happened
00:52:47.580 we can
00:52:47.920 tell
00:52:48.080 just from
00:52:48.440 the few
00:52:48.900 issues
00:52:49.600 that we
00:52:49.880 touched
00:52:50.180 on
00:52:50.540 that
00:52:50.740 this
00:52:51.100 echoes
00:52:51.540 through
00:52:52.020 American
00:52:52.520 history
00:52:53.080 the
00:52:53.980 impact
00:52:55.180 is still
00:52:55.840 something
00:52:56.140 that we're
00:52:56.480 dealing
00:52:56.780 with
00:52:57.180 today
00:52:57.780 many
00:52:58.240 of
00:52:58.440 these
00:52:58.620 tensions
00:52:59.020 and
00:52:59.300 forces
00:52:59.680 just
00:53:01.120 represent
00:53:02.340 much
00:53:02.740 of what
00:53:03.140 we are
00:53:03.380 looking
00:53:03.660 at
00:53:03.960 in our
00:53:04.260 contemporary
00:53:04.740 American
00:53:05.280 problems
00:53:05.860 and so
00:53:06.700 obviously
00:53:07.080 we could
00:53:07.420 talk about
00:53:08.140 this for
00:53:08.580 a very
00:53:08.880 long
00:53:09.120 time
00:53:09.360 but
00:53:09.500 hopefully
00:53:09.780 this
00:53:10.040 serves
00:53:10.320 as an
00:53:10.620 introduction
00:53:11.060 for
00:53:11.760 people
00:53:12.020 who
00:53:12.200 are
00:53:12.340 interested
00:53:12.760 to
00:53:12.940 Andrew
00:53:13.260 Jackson
00:53:13.680 if
00:53:14.040 they
00:53:14.200 want
00:53:14.360 to
00:53:14.460 learn
00:53:14.640 more
00:53:15.060 are
00:53:15.580 there
00:53:15.760 any
00:53:15.940 sources
00:53:16.440 that
00:53:16.920 you
00:53:17.260 would
00:53:17.860 suggest
00:53:18.620 and
00:53:19.260 where
00:53:19.600 can
00:53:19.740 people
00:53:19.980 go
00:53:20.320 to
00:53:20.500 find
00:53:20.760 more
00:53:21.040 of
00:53:21.260 your
00:53:21.460 work
00:53:21.720 if
00:53:21.840 they'd
00:53:22.020 like
00:53:22.160 to
00:53:22.400 understand
00:53:23.060 this
00:53:23.260 better
00:53:23.520 absolutely
00:53:24.720 I've
00:53:25.720 got
00:53:26.040 a
00:53:26.760 publishing
00:53:27.520 house
00:53:28.000 it's
00:53:28.260 called
00:53:28.520 tall
00:53:29.100 men
00:53:29.600 books
00:53:30.200 you
00:53:30.960 can
00:53:31.160 find
00:53:31.500 me
00:53:31.820 at
00:53:32.220 www.tall
00:53:34.040 men
00:53:34.580 books
00:53:35.200 dot com
00:53:36.100 and I
00:53:37.100 have
00:53:37.260 republished
00:53:37.980 a volume
00:53:38.860 about
00:53:39.420 Andrew
00:53:39.820 Jackson
00:53:40.260 called
00:53:40.880 The
00:53:41.180 Reign
00:53:41.520 of
00:53:41.660 Andrew
00:53:41.960 Jackson
00:53:42.380 by
00:53:42.760 Frederick
00:53:43.200 Aug
00:53:43.600 I
00:53:44.720 added
00:53:45.180 an
00:53:45.660 appendix
00:53:46.300 of
00:53:46.880 his
00:53:47.260 public
00:53:47.640 papers
00:53:48.140 including
00:53:48.960 the speech
00:53:49.900 about
00:53:50.260 the
00:53:50.440 Indian
00:53:50.700 nations
00:53:51.180 that he
00:53:51.540 gave
00:53:51.800 to
00:53:51.960 Congress
00:53:52.340 in
00:53:52.560 28
00:53:52.900 you
00:53:54.180 can
00:53:54.360 find
00:53:54.620 all
00:53:54.760 that
00:53:54.960 there
00:53:55.140 on
00:53:55.260 my
00:53:55.400 website
00:53:55.740 and
00:53:55.920 I
00:53:56.060 have
00:53:56.420 many
00:53:56.620 other
00:53:56.840 books
00:53:57.080 available
00:53:57.440 there
00:53:57.700 well
00:53:59.740 fantastic
00:54:00.180 guys
00:54:00.440 like I
00:54:00.720 said
00:54:00.900 Bagby
00:54:01.260 is
00:54:01.580 a
00:54:01.840 phenomenal
00:54:02.380 explainer
00:54:03.140 of
00:54:03.360 history
00:54:03.800 and
00:54:04.140 he
00:54:04.280 also
00:54:04.520 curates
00:54:05.080 some
00:54:05.420 very
00:54:05.740 important
00:54:06.160 books
00:54:06.480 that
00:54:06.920 otherwise
00:54:07.200 are
00:54:07.560 left
00:54:07.920 out
00:54:08.220 of
00:54:08.320 the
00:54:08.460 conversation
00:54:09.060 so
00:54:09.360 make
00:54:09.580 sure
00:54:09.840 you
00:54:10.080 are
00:54:10.220 going
00:54:10.500 over
00:54:10.820 and
00:54:11.400 helping
00:54:11.800 out
00:54:12.280 make
00:54:12.660 sure
00:54:12.800 you're
00:54:13.100 checking
00:54:13.320 out
00:54:13.540 his
00:54:13.860 content
00:54:14.560 if
00:54:14.820 it's
00:54:14.960 your
00:54:15.060 first
00:54:15.200 time
00:54:15.420 on
00:54:15.740 this
00:54:16.180 channel
00:54:16.560 remember
00:54:16.920 you
00:54:22.900 live
00:54:23.220 today
00:54:23.520 this
00:54:23.780 is
00:54:23.960 pre-recorded
00:54:24.620 so
00:54:24.740 we
00:54:24.880 cannot
00:54:25.240 answer
00:54:25.560 your
00:54:25.720 questions
00:54:26.100 very
00:54:26.380 sorry
00:54:26.680 about
00:54:26.980 that
00:54:27.300 if
00:54:27.680 you
00:54:27.760 want
00:54:27.880 to
00:54:27.960 get
00:54:28.160 these
00:54:28.560 broadcast
00:54:29.020 as
00:54:29.380 podcasts
00:54:29.940 you
00:54:30.080 need
00:54:30.200 to
00:54:30.300 subscribe
00:54:30.660 to
00:54:30.860 or
00:54:30.980 McIntyre
00:54:31.520 show
00:54:31.720 on
00:54:32.000 your
00:54:32.140 favorite
00:54:32.360 podcast
00:54:32.800 platform
00:54:33.340 and
00:54:33.800 when
00:54:33.940 you
00:54:34.060 do
00:54:34.220 if
00:54:34.380 you
00:54:34.480 leave
00:54:34.660 a
00:54:34.780 rating
00:54:35.020 or
00:54:35.340 review
00:54:35.620 it
00:54:35.840 really
00:54:36.040 helps
00:54:36.320 with
00:54:36.500 the
00:54:36.620 algorithm
00:54:36.960 magic
00:54:37.360 thank
00:54:37.680 you
00:54:37.800 everybody
00:54:38.080 for
00:54:38.360 watching
00:54:38.740 and
00:54:38.960 as
00:54:39.080 always
00:54:39.520 I'll
00:54:40.240 talk
00:54:40.440 to
00:54:40.540 you
00:54:40.620 next
00:54:40.820 time