The Ferryman's Toll - The Nationalist Film Board - Creation of Canada - Episode 3

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00:06:16.000 documentary or episode does very well um compared to others that discuss the war of 1812 there is

00:06:23.980 a tendency for you know a documentary that was produced by uh later Canadians or uh Americans

00:06:30.580 to just kind of gloss over what was going on in Europe whereas this documentary does a very good

00:06:38.020 job of tying that in to the experience in North America um in a short period of time obviously

00:06:47.380 because this is only an hour-long episode so their ability to do that is quite good um

00:06:55.360 and yeah uh without further ado sorry I already see their stuff coming in uh guys I'm gonna do the

00:07:02.680 Superchats uh all at the end I'll maybe mark some comments as they come in about the episode so uh

00:07:10.300 you know we're gonna go through it again obviously same format as before uh you guys can send in

00:07:15.340 Superchats if you want I'll read them all at the end um if you leave comments about certain things I

00:07:21.760 I'll try to star the ones that I think are important and come back to them after I've gone through the

00:07:26.740 clips but yeah this should be roughly another three-hour stream um and without further ado let's

00:07:33.880 get right into it because uh let's just do it um Waythron says your camera is shaking along you speak

00:07:39.520 sorry I should try to keep my uh arms off the table when I'm speaking apologies all right uh without

00:07:47.260 further ado let's get right into it um this is a great episode so pay attention and um I'll see you

00:07:55.000 guys uh when this is over in about an hour you you you you you you you you you you you you you

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00:13:29.000 Good and peaceful.

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00:13:33.000 Great.

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00:13:35.000 best locations in townships that had been surveyed by the provincial government.

00:13:40.240 Then came the task of clearing the land.

00:13:43.480 Many of the new settlers had never before used an axe, but they were soon at work cutting

00:13:49.060 down the towering forest.

00:13:55.920 The hardships were severe, but men and women who had lost everything could endure anything.

00:14:02.220 Their determination and persistence meant permanent settlement, in contrast with the

00:14:08.780 transient nature of the fur trade.

00:14:13.180 New settlements added to the long-established French-speaking area in Quebec seemed to call

00:14:19.120 for new political arrangements in British North America.

00:14:22.680 One prominent loyalist, William Smith, called for a federation of these colonies.

00:14:27.260 He argued that the American colonies would not have revolted if they had had a strong

00:14:32.420 central government rather than unchecked local legislatures.

00:14:37.160 But Britain's remaining holdings were far too scattered, and Smith got no support.

00:14:43.040 For British officials like John Simcoe, Canada needed strong rule, but from London.

00:14:52.620 Instead of being unified, the colonies should be further divided, and this took place under

00:14:58.360 the Constitutional Act of 1791.

00:15:00.640 Now, there would be two Canadas, one mainly French-speaking, and the other English.

00:15:07.380 And each would have its legislative assembly, with very limited powers.

00:15:12.000 Though for French Canada, this meant the end of rule by council.

00:15:20.880 In 1792, Lieutenant Governor John Simcoe presided at the opening of the first legislative

00:15:27.080 assembly in Upper Canada.

00:15:28.240 Here was a measure of representative government, but far from the wider democracy of the United

00:15:34.780 States.

00:15:36.280 For one thing, much power resided in the Upper House, modeled on the House of Lords.

00:15:42.380 Here, wealthy landowners and merchants, as well as clergymen of the Anglican Church, exercised

00:15:48.200 control.

00:15:48.720 For men like Simcoe, power in the hands of the people was American and dangerous.

00:16:00.080 So, imperial authority, with all its trappings, remained paramount in Upper and Lower Canada.

00:16:06.940 Although there was representative government, the system preserved Toryism, enabling potential

00:16:13.140 monopolists and authoritarians to flourish.

00:16:23.000 Meanwhile, the English merchants of Montreal were obsessed with other problems.

00:16:28.600 For they were dismayed by the boundaries created by the peace treaty.

00:16:31.640 Formerly, the Ohio-Mississippi Triangle had been British, and this was where the voyageurs 0.99

00:16:37.880 had plied the rivers in search of furs.

00:16:39.840 As British territory, this region had been indispensable to the fur trade, but now it had been sacrificed

00:16:58.400 in the game of British power politics.

00:17:00.680 Britain had an answer to the indignant complaints of the Montreal merchants.

00:17:22.540 London pointed out that in giving the West to the Americans, it hadn't forgotten Canadian interests.

00:17:28.360 What mattered was not the ownership of the territory, but access to it.

00:17:33.580 And Britain promised that this access would be assured to the fur traders through a future

00:17:38.100 commercial agreement with the Americans.

00:17:40.360 But this treaty was not forthcoming, because powerful British mercantile interests at home

00:17:45.640 were not prepared to grant the Americans reciprocal free trade privileges.

00:17:50.620 Moreover, American cooperation was unlikely.

00:17:53.120 Even more troubling were strong pressures within the United States to settle the newly won interior territories.

00:18:01.540 This settlement in itself was enough to threaten the very existence of the fur trade.

00:18:06.660 Frontiersmen, who had helped with the American Revolution, were eager to follow their tough leaders

00:18:18.500 into the promised land of the interior.

00:18:21.500 Key passes through the mountains had been discovered years before,

00:18:25.100 and men like Daniel Boone had blazed trails for the settlers.

00:18:28.080 Clearing the forest was the first task of the settlers,

00:18:36.480 as they came in their thousands to the region west of the Appalachians.

00:18:40.900 And they were watched by fearful Indians, who saw an end to hunting and a way of life.

00:18:46.340 The Indians took their worries to the fur traders and to the British authorities charged with protecting the traders' interests.

00:19:00.140 At the same time, the British were intrigued by troubles in the United States,

00:19:05.280 of discontent within the American army because of lack of funds to pay the troops.

00:19:09.460 And American tax collectors were being tarred and feathered by citizens reluctant to pay for federal government.

00:19:17.420 In Congress itself, there was disunity and occasional brawling,

00:19:22.160 patterns of violence well-remembered by loyalists in Canada

00:19:25.160 who had seen plenty of tar and feathers during the Revolution.

00:19:29.800 And there was news, too, of American defeats in battles with the Indians in the Ohio country.

00:19:39.460 For the British, these signs of American weakness lent weight to the argument

00:19:46.000 that London had been unnecessarily generous in yielding the west to the United States.

00:19:51.780 With stiffened resolve, Britain found excuses to delay the evacuation of its western forts,

00:19:58.020 as promised in the treaty.

00:20:00.120 These might be used to bargain for concessions to the fur trade.

00:20:03.200 And the British received the old idea of an Indian buffer state between Canada and the U.S.,

00:20:12.300 with access for all.

00:20:17.540 Friendship with the Indians was now being cultivated by British officials in Canada,

00:20:21.820 like John Simcoe, who valued Indian hostility toward the U.S.

00:20:25.720 The governor of Canada, Lord Dorchester, went dangerously far in promising the Indians help

00:20:32.160 if they went on the warpath against the United States.

00:20:38.680 The Indian threat again loomed large with this British encouragement. 0.99

00:20:44.020 As the Americans saw him, this was the hunter of settler scalps, 0.60

00:20:48.740 bolstered by the intrigues of Canadian fur traders.

00:20:51.060 The Yankees surveyed the scene with dismay, bitter that the British, 0.99

00:21:01.740 ten years after the treaty, were still talking of a buffer state

00:21:05.320 and were still occupying their forts in territory that was surely American.

00:21:13.020 It wasn't only the fur trade that was changing Britain's attitude toward the West.

00:21:17.320 In signing the peace treaty, Britain had in effect surrendered to American sovereignty

00:21:22.260 lands that earlier treaties had recognized as Indian.

00:21:26.240 Despite British arguments that these treaties, which the Americans refused to honor,

00:21:30.920 involved only British rights and not Indian ownership,

00:21:34.500 the Indians felt betrayed.

00:21:36.840 The British, now realizing the way the Indians felt, 0.61

00:21:40.380 were worried about becoming the target of Indian anger.

00:21:43.140 They needed Indian friendship in the event of an American attack on Canada.

00:21:48.440 Hence, Britain could not avoid placating the tribes, 1.00

00:21:51.560 which further irritated the United States.

00:21:54.940 Tension was rising.

00:21:56.860 But meanwhile, events were being overshadowed by drastic developments overseas.

00:22:01.460 In Paris, on the 14th of July, 1789,

00:22:11.880 the Bastille fell before the fury of the mob.

00:22:15.300 The French Revolution had erupted,

00:22:17.200 and its ideas would be brought to America by a man called Edmond Genet.

00:22:25.560 Genet was the new French Republic's first ambassador to the United States.

00:22:29.560 But his welcome by George Washington was a cautious one,

00:22:34.480 for Genet was seeking active aid for the French Revolution.

00:22:38.620 He was seen by many as disrupting the neutral course of the American chariot of state.

00:22:44.200 His insolent tactics eventually turned even friendly Americans against him.

00:22:48.700 But Genet had another target, Quebec.

00:22:51.420 For Quebec, citizen Genet wrote a flood of manifestos,

00:22:59.520 urging the French Canadians to throw off the chains of British rule

00:23:03.120 and rejoin Mother France.

00:23:06.020 But Quebec, although it showed some interest in the French Revolution's ideas,

00:23:10.660 preferred the quiet and measured pace of life that it had developed for itself.

00:23:14.840 It preferred the orderly minuet of a rustic province 0.94

00:23:19.240 to the frenzied Saturnalia of Paris,

00:23:22.280 with its confused cries of liberty and equality.

00:23:26.400 Above all, there was repugnance for the revolution's hostility toward the Catholic Church.

00:23:31.640 And so, from the pulpits of Quebec's churches,

00:23:39.440 there were sermons denouncing Citizen Genet's mission

00:23:42.200 and pastoral letters attacking the revolutionary enemies of the church.

00:23:49.720 So strong were the feelings of the French-Canadian authorities

00:23:52.680 that Admiral Nelson was honored by them when he defeated the forces of France.

00:23:57.460 Britain's victories at sea were marked by celebrations and requiem masses.

00:24:06.900 With Quebec under the Union Jack,

00:24:09.740 the French-Canadians felt there would be a better chance than under the Tricolor

00:24:13.300 to eventually gain political power for themselves in Lower Canada.

00:24:21.940 A few years earlier, on the faraway Pacific coast,

00:24:25.400 another factor had emerged to influence Britain's posture in North America.

00:24:30.580 For some time, British sea captains had established a base

00:24:34.180 for trade and exploration on Vancouver Island.

00:24:37.600 But Spain was quick to assert its claim to this whole region,

00:24:41.200 and there were violent incidents.

00:24:45.680 The threat of war mounted,

00:24:48.060 and Britain had cause to wonder whether this ugly situation

00:24:51.420 would be exploited by the Americans.

00:24:53.380 As it happened, the crisis blew over when Spain yielded.

00:25:00.400 Because of internal weakness,

00:25:02.200 the United States had found itself unready for any venture

00:25:05.280 that might involve hostilities with Britain.

00:25:07.940 But the episode on Vancouver Island

00:25:10.040 revealed the potential danger of Britain's provocative posture

00:25:13.840 in the occupation of the Ohio country.

00:25:16.940 For another time, the Americans might be less restrained

00:25:19.380 and might seek redress by joining Britain's enemies.

00:25:23.860 And now, by 1793,

00:25:26.540 England had entered into the most terrible of all her wars with France,

00:25:30.560 a war which would last off and on for 20 years

00:25:33.300 and which would absorb her every energy in Europe.

00:25:37.120 So, Britain's position in North America was becoming weaker,

00:25:40.800 while that of the United States was starting to improve.

00:25:48.120 The federal convention that George Washington presided over in 1787

00:25:52.680 concerned itself with disunity among the states

00:25:56.160 that verged on chaos.

00:25:58.700 To remedy this,

00:26:00.200 the delegates produced a constitution

00:26:01.700 that was greeted with joyous celebration

00:26:03.820 when it was finally adopted

00:26:05.540 after arduous birth pangs.

00:26:13.720 And a triumphant Washington

00:26:15.560 was inaugurated as the first president

00:26:18.060 of a country that now had a stronger central government.

00:26:21.920 The loose federation of bickering states

00:26:23.920 was now becoming a unified nation

00:26:26.400 to be treated with respect.

00:26:28.200 In the summer of 1788,

00:26:33.200 the United States proclaimed a territorial government

00:26:36.000 for the Ohio country.

00:26:38.440 Areas now thinly held

00:26:39.960 could grow and become states.

00:26:42.740 And already early settlers

00:26:44.120 were moving down the Ohio River

00:26:45.780 along the edge of vast lands

00:26:47.980 that would in time

00:26:49.340 become the states of Ohio,

00:26:51.920 Indiana,

00:26:52.980 Illinois,

00:26:54.020 Michigan,

00:26:55.060 Wisconsin,

00:26:56.120 and Minnesota.

00:26:58.200 But American authorities

00:27:00.040 had to contend with Indians 1.00

00:27:01.660 who were resisting

00:27:02.980 the traditional

00:27:03.980 alcoholic inducements

00:27:05.720 to conclude treaties.

00:27:07.300 For the Indians had heard 0.99

00:27:08.640 from their cousins to the east

00:27:10.100 how treaties could be trampled on

00:27:12.180 by the irresistible tide of settlers.

00:27:14.840 So they remained hostile.

00:27:22.580 Early clashes in the Ohio country

00:27:24.660 had seen victory go to the Indians.

00:27:26.340 And now the government

00:27:28.060 sent General Anthony Wayne

00:27:29.760 to settle matters once and for all.

00:27:32.900 A formidable foe

00:27:34.460 faced the American forces.

00:27:36.360 But Wayne studied him carefully,

00:27:39.080 bringing to the task

00:27:40.020 experience gained

00:27:41.500 fighting the Indians 1.00

00:27:42.400 in the southern states.

00:27:44.620 When the time came,

00:27:46.480 Wayne engaged large Indian forces

00:27:48.420 in the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

00:27:50.400 It was a decisive victory

00:27:52.660 for the Americans.

00:27:54.100 And the Indian danger 1.00

00:27:55.120 seemed to be finally over.

00:28:01.520 The looming menace

00:28:02.760 of the Indian receded.

00:28:04.440 But now the British, 0.94

00:28:06.260 rashly installed

00:28:07.240 in a nearby fort,

00:28:08.820 confronted General Wayne.

00:28:11.060 Here the Indians

00:28:12.020 sought refuge

00:28:12.840 after their defeat.

00:28:13.800 Although they were not

00:28:15.700 permitted entry,

00:28:16.960 the very presence

00:28:18.020 of the British

00:28:18.620 infuriated Wayne.

00:28:22.080 The confrontation

00:28:23.360 in the Ohio country

00:28:24.720 between General Wayne

00:28:26.060 and a British commander

00:28:27.120 intent on standing his ground

00:28:28.660 brought Britain 0.93

00:28:29.840 and the United States

00:28:30.920 to the brink of war.

00:28:32.780 Britain's tacit support

00:28:34.020 of the Indians

00:28:34.700 was a continuing irritant

00:28:36.160 to the Americans,

00:28:37.300 as was the naval blockade

00:28:38.640 of France,

00:28:39.540 which was hurting

00:28:40.260 American trade.

00:28:41.760 The blockade was part

00:28:42.920 of Britain's war

00:28:43.980 with France,

00:28:44.820 which had been going on

00:28:45.960 since early in 1793.

00:28:48.480 In Congress,

00:28:49.720 Jeunet's propaganda

00:28:50.760 had helped form

00:28:52.020 a strong faction

00:28:53.120 calling for immediate war 0.65

00:28:54.940 against Britain.

00:28:56.180 But Washington's administration

00:28:57.660 was for peace

00:28:58.760 as the best way

00:28:59.880 to protect commercial interests.

00:29:01.940 So,

00:29:02.600 a special envoy

00:29:03.480 was sent to London

00:29:04.340 to try to settle

00:29:05.900 all outstanding issues.

00:29:07.860 He was an experienced negotiator,

00:29:09.600 John Jay.

00:29:14.800 High on John Jay's agenda

00:29:16.540 were the forts

00:29:17.580 that Britain still occupied

00:29:18.800 in the West.

00:29:20.160 Now,

00:29:20.680 with Wayne's victory,

00:29:22.180 he was able to secure

00:29:23.240 a firm promise

00:29:24.180 that they would soon

00:29:25.180 be evacuated.

00:29:26.900 But to get this,

00:29:28.520 Jay had to make concessions

00:29:29.780 that so angered

00:29:30.800 some Americans

00:29:31.420 that he was burned

00:29:32.720 in effigy.

00:29:33.980 For he had agreed

00:29:35.160 to most of the British rules

00:29:36.680 of blockade

00:29:37.440 and to free access

00:29:38.860 to the fur trade

00:29:39.820 for Canada.

00:29:45.840 For Washington,

00:29:47.520 controversies of this sort

00:29:48.760 led to a warning

00:29:49.980 in his farewell address

00:29:51.320 against future

00:29:52.660 European involvements.

00:29:54.980 President Jefferson,

00:29:56.100 11 years later,

00:29:57.280 went even further

00:29:58.060 by completely suspending

00:30:00.000 overseas trade.

00:30:01.080 but abuse

00:30:02.740 by both Britain

00:30:03.500 and France

00:30:04.100 continued unabated

00:30:05.460 with Jefferson

00:30:06.740 caught in the middle,

00:30:08.240 robbed blind

00:30:09.100 by Europeans

00:30:09.980 who were said

00:30:11.040 to get everything

00:30:11.760 they wanted

00:30:12.340 by smuggling

00:30:13.220 and seizing

00:30:14.280 American ships.

00:30:15.140 In France,

00:30:22.220 by Jefferson's time,

00:30:23.980 the government

00:30:24.420 was firmly

00:30:25.020 in Napoleon's hands

00:30:26.200 and no Western nation

00:30:27.980 would be uninvolved

00:30:29.080 in the consequences

00:30:29.860 of his imperialism.

00:30:32.240 Eventually,

00:30:33.260 he would help push

00:30:34.100 Britain and the United States

00:30:35.600 into conflict again,

00:30:37.720 endangering Canada's

00:30:38.820 very existence.

00:30:39.780 One capital,

00:30:44.460 London,

00:30:45.220 and one nation,

00:30:46.560 England,

00:30:47.260 lay beyond

00:30:48.020 Napoleon's ambitious reach.

00:30:50.680 In London,

00:30:51.740 Britain's sea lords

00:30:52.740 plotted naval strategy

00:30:53.960 against him

00:30:54.580 and in the House of Commons,

00:30:56.680 members were resolved

00:30:57.560 to spare nothing

00:30:58.460 in the task

00:30:59.440 of spiking 0.88

00:31:00.000 Napoleon's 0.81

00:31:00.700 grandiose plans

00:31:01.580 of conquest.

00:31:09.780 These were the men

00:31:14.320 that Napoleon Bonaparte

00:31:15.460 was to contemptuously call

00:31:17.100 a nation of shopkeepers.

00:31:19.640 But they were determined

00:31:20.680 to oppose to the death

00:31:21.980 the domination of Europe 0.67

00:31:23.580 by any one country

00:31:25.020 or leader.

00:31:30.200 And so,

00:31:31.400 as the figure

00:31:32.020 of the man of destiny

00:31:33.340 loomed ever larger

00:31:34.440 on the world scene,

00:31:36.220 Britain's ships

00:31:36.920 and her sailors

00:31:37.760 were relentless

00:31:38.880 in their opposition

00:31:39.860 wherever he went.

00:31:42.300 In battles

00:31:42.860 from the Nile

00:31:43.580 to the Baltic,

00:31:44.940 Britain scored

00:31:45.560 notable victories.

00:31:47.220 As Napoleon's power 0.82

00:31:48.240 spread through Europe,

00:31:49.840 the Royal Navy

00:31:50.560 maintained a constant

00:31:51.680 blockade

00:31:52.260 off the Atlantic coast.

00:31:57.600 And even as Napoleon's

00:31:59.300 star reached its zenith

00:32:00.620 through victory on land,

00:32:02.980 the Battle of Trafalgar

00:32:04.220 forever ruined

00:32:05.440 his hopes of conquering

00:32:06.640 the stubborn British Isles.

00:32:08.880 But the cost

00:32:09.700 of these triumphs

00:32:10.500 at sea was great.

00:32:12.220 For England 0.53

00:32:12.780 lost men

00:32:13.580 by the thousands

00:32:14.440 as flames

00:32:15.620 and cannonballs 0.59

00:32:16.540 raked the decks

00:32:17.240 of her ships.

00:32:18.500 And even more numerous

00:32:19.860 than the losses

00:32:20.480 in action

00:32:21.000 were desertions

00:32:22.480 by sailors

00:32:23.380 who feared

00:32:24.120 both the carnage

00:32:25.100 and the Navy's

00:32:26.300 inhuman discipline.

00:32:34.420 Deserters

00:32:35.020 from the Royal Navy

00:32:35.940 often found work

00:32:37.200 on American merchant ships

00:32:38.560 where the British 0.79

00:32:39.580 came looking for them.

00:32:41.480 At sea,

00:32:42.300 American vessels

00:32:43.060 were boarded

00:32:43.660 by the British

00:32:44.300 who seized runaway

00:32:45.580 Jack Tars

00:32:46.280 and often American sailors

00:32:48.040 as well.

00:32:49.380 The Navy was desperate

00:32:50.600 for crews

00:32:51.240 to fight the French.

00:32:53.100 For the Americans,

00:32:54.220 it was outrageous.

00:32:56.200 So once again,

00:32:57.380 John Bull

00:32:58.040 and brother Jonathan

00:32:59.280 were at odds

00:33:00.380 pushing and quarreling

00:33:02.080 in their Atlantic mill palm.

00:33:05.940 In the Ohio country too,

00:33:19.560 Canada's destiny

00:33:20.320 was also involved

00:33:21.520 in events

00:33:22.040 at Fort Greenville.

00:33:24.000 Here,

00:33:24.360 the victorious

00:33:24.880 American general

00:33:25.860 Anthony Wayne

00:33:26.800 met with the Indians

00:33:28.380 and persuaded them

00:33:29.600 that his government

00:33:30.440 had come to stay.

00:33:32.600 So the Indians 0.99

00:33:33.600 agreed to a treaty

00:33:34.500 clearing the way

00:33:35.520 to settlement.

00:33:37.460 Then to the south,

00:33:38.860 eight years later,

00:33:39.980 came another

00:33:40.560 American triumph,

00:33:42.080 the purchase

00:33:42.620 of Louisiana

00:33:43.280 from Napoleon

00:33:44.240 who had acquired

00:33:45.440 it from Spain.

00:33:50.680 The United States,

00:33:52.500 now free

00:33:53.100 of the British threat

00:33:54.080 in the northwest

00:33:54.660 and the Spanish threat 0.88

00:33:56.100 in the far west,

00:33:57.420 increased dramatically

00:33:58.400 in size.

00:33:59.120 In ceremonies

00:34:05.020 marking the American 0.76

00:34:06.060 takeover

00:34:06.580 of these areas,

00:34:07.940 the Indian

00:34:08.400 and the old-time

00:34:09.720 trapper

00:34:10.160 were forlorn figures

00:34:11.800 who had little

00:34:12.860 to look forward to.

00:34:14.880 Around the campfires,

00:34:16.180 the talk was

00:34:16.760 of settlers

00:34:17.260 coming down the rivers

00:34:18.300 and putting an end

00:34:19.360 to an economy

00:34:20.020 based on furs.

00:34:21.100 But as the ever-advancing

00:34:26.220 line of American

00:34:27.140 forts pushed west,

00:34:29.260 the Indians

00:34:29.780 plotted and attacked.

00:34:31.920 War cries

00:34:32.600 and gunfire

00:34:33.440 echoed from Tennessee

00:34:34.480 to Indiana.

00:34:40.640 In Tecumseh,

00:34:42.260 the Indians

00:34:42.780 had a formidable leader

00:34:43.940 who was determined

00:34:45.000 to stem

00:34:45.620 the American tide.

00:34:47.500 Meetings between him

00:34:48.520 and American leaders

00:34:49.560 led only to greater

00:34:50.840 mutual anger.

00:34:52.440 And at Tippecano,

00:34:53.560 Indiana,

00:34:54.320 the two sides

00:34:55.140 fought once again

00:34:56.020 in November 1811.

00:34:58.100 The Americans

00:34:58.700 won a shaky victory.

00:35:04.100 Meanwhile,

00:35:04.980 Canadian trappers

00:35:05.920 working south

00:35:06.900 of the lakes

00:35:07.500 brought reports

00:35:08.820 to British officers

00:35:09.740 like General Brock

00:35:10.860 indicating that

00:35:12.260 Americans were again 0.98

00:35:13.380 blaming the British 0.86

00:35:14.260 for Indian violence.

00:35:16.680 Men like Henry Clay

00:35:17.920 congressman from Kentucky

00:35:19.540 were clamoring

00:35:20.680 for a showdown

00:35:21.460 with Britain.

00:35:22.940 And supporting Clay

00:35:23.920 was a whole nest

00:35:25.320 of war hawks.

00:35:30.160 The hawks,

00:35:31.920 mostly from frontier areas

00:35:33.540 in the south and west,

00:35:35.540 kept up a powerful cry

00:35:37.060 as they called

00:35:38.320 for the unleashing

00:35:39.160 of the thunderbolts

00:35:40.420 of war.

00:35:44.640 Henry Clay,

00:35:45.800 the most strident voice

00:35:46.960 of all,

00:35:48.000 argued there could be

00:35:48.980 no lasting peace

00:35:50.180 in the west

00:35:50.720 until Canada

00:35:51.840 and her rulers

00:35:52.720 were laid low

00:35:53.680 by the god of war.

00:36:00.300 After the congressional

00:36:01.420 elections of 1810,

00:36:03.580 many new western members

00:36:04.800 joined in the outcry.

00:36:07.000 Over and over

00:36:07.720 from every side

00:36:08.760 came exhortations

00:36:09.900 aimed at an undecided

00:36:10.960 and undecided

00:36:11.460 President Madison.

00:36:20.640 On to Canada

00:36:21.800 was the cry

00:36:22.600 of the hawks.

00:36:24.380 Finally,

00:36:25.620 Madison yielded.

00:36:27.140 In exchange

00:36:27.900 for support

00:36:28.500 in the next election,

00:36:30.260 he agreed to war,

00:36:31.660 which was declared

00:36:32.540 in June 1812.

00:36:34.420 The causes of the war,

00:36:40.440 as we have seen,

00:36:41.360 were twofold.

00:36:42.940 First,

00:36:43.520 there was Britain's 0.93

00:36:44.180 violation of American

00:36:45.260 sovereignty at sea,

00:36:46.700 and second,

00:36:47.720 there was Britain's 0.93

00:36:48.460 support for the Indians.

00:36:50.160 As the war hawks

00:36:50.960 pointed out,

00:36:52.060 the Indian guns

00:36:53.080 at Tippecano

00:36:53.780 had come from Canada,

00:36:55.420 but behind their

00:36:56.220 avowed concern

00:36:57.100 for settlers' rights,

00:36:58.760 some of the war hawks

00:36:59.660 concealed a desire

00:37:00.880 to annex Canada.

00:37:01.940 They were imperialists

00:37:03.980 who believed

00:37:04.540 that it was

00:37:05.060 America's manifest destiny

00:37:06.840 to rule

00:37:07.880 the whole continent,

00:37:09.300 and in this,

00:37:10.260 the Westerners

00:37:10.860 found allies

00:37:11.600 in the Southerners

00:37:12.400 who wanted to

00:37:13.520 take Florida

00:37:14.220 from Spain.

00:37:15.960 The Americans

00:37:16.460 were supremely confident.

00:37:18.600 Canada,

00:37:19.120 outnumbered 10 to 1,

00:37:20.440 seemed doomed.

00:37:21.920 Victory,

00:37:22.500 said ex-President Jefferson,

00:37:24.220 will be a mere

00:37:25.200 matter of marching.

00:37:31.940 There were less

00:37:32.840 than 5,000

00:37:34.060 British professional

00:37:34.960 soldiers available

00:37:36.260 to defend Canada.

00:37:38.420 In addition,

00:37:39.880 there were a few

00:37:40.620 awkward squads

00:37:41.720 of militia

00:37:42.300 whose worth

00:37:43.500 was not enhanced

00:37:44.380 by the presence

00:37:45.120 of Americans

00:37:45.820 of uncertain loyalty

00:37:47.340 in their ranks.

00:37:49.240 Many Americans

00:37:50.000 had emigrated

00:37:50.620 to Upper Canada

00:37:51.380 after the Revolution,

00:37:53.120 and they were

00:37:53.580 considered suspect

00:37:54.440 by the fiercely

00:37:55.720 pro-British loyalists.

00:37:57.060 Sir Isaac Brock,

00:38:02.180 military commander

00:38:03.300 in Upper Canada,

00:38:05.120 an ally for Tecumseh,

00:38:06.860 whose Indians

00:38:07.440 had long been

00:38:08.160 dissatisfied

00:38:08.760 with Britain's

00:38:09.480 fluctuating support

00:38:10.500 against the Americans. 0.59

00:38:12.460 But now Tecumseh

00:38:13.400 saw that in Brock

00:38:14.440 he had a partner

00:38:15.160 of energy

00:38:15.840 and determination

00:38:16.820 who would back

00:38:18.040 his people

00:38:18.560 in all-out warfare.

00:38:22.800 There was real

00:38:23.840 determination, too,

00:38:25.020 in the Loyalist

00:38:25.780 establishment.

00:38:27.060 They were resolved

00:38:28.200 to fight to the end

00:38:29.420 to preserve

00:38:30.280 this last chance

00:38:31.660 for a British way

00:38:32.880 of life

00:38:33.340 in North America.

00:38:40.620 As the war

00:38:41.700 got underway,

00:38:43.260 American strategy

00:38:44.180 called for a

00:38:44.940 three-pronged attack

00:38:45.860 on Canada.

00:38:47.480 One force

00:38:48.180 would head north

00:38:48.960 and capture Montreal.

00:38:51.340 Meanwhile,

00:38:52.340 attacks from Detroit

00:38:53.220 and Niagara

00:38:53.900 would tie up

00:38:54.900 other British forces.

00:38:56.000 But the key attack

00:38:57.500 on Montreal

00:38:58.060 was postponed

00:38:59.060 because of lack

00:39:00.480 of American troops.

00:39:02.120 And while preparations

00:39:02.960 went on at Niagara,

00:39:04.940 bold British Indian

00:39:05.980 actions took key posts

00:39:07.780 at Mishla-Mackinac

00:39:09.140 and Fort Dearborn.

00:39:11.140 Thus,

00:39:11.780 the opening weeks

00:39:12.540 of the war

00:39:13.140 improved Britain's position.

00:39:16.820 At Dearborn,

00:39:18.480 the Indians massacred

00:39:19.720 the American defenders.

00:39:20.720 Meanwhile,

00:39:26.100 General Brock,

00:39:26.900 with admirable speed,

00:39:28.560 hurried west

00:39:29.220 to lay siege

00:39:29.940 to Detroit,

00:39:31.180 where there was

00:39:31.620 a large American force

00:39:32.820 under General William Hull,

00:39:34.740 a commander

00:39:35.320 who was paralyzed

00:39:36.140 by fear

00:39:37.000 and indecision.

00:39:39.300 General Hull's imagination

00:39:40.520 was tormented

00:39:41.300 by visions

00:39:42.420 of whooping Indian hordes 0.97

00:39:44.180 descending on Detroit 0.84

00:39:45.580 to torture

00:39:46.760 and massacre 1.00

00:39:47.520 women and children. 0.99

00:39:58.400 Hull's army

00:39:59.240 was twice the size

00:40:00.400 of the besieging force,

00:40:01.860 but he was so afraid

00:40:03.120 of the Indians

00:40:03.860 that on August 10th

00:40:05.420 he decided to surrender.

00:40:06.860 The victory of Detroit

00:40:12.080 had removed another threat

00:40:13.680 and now General Brock

00:40:15.120 hurried back

00:40:15.660 to face the American attack 0.68

00:40:16.900 at Niagara.

00:40:23.080 At Queenston,

00:40:24.600 a force of 1,600 Americans

00:40:26.380 crossed the Niagara River

00:40:27.700 and gained a foothold

00:40:29.260 on Canadian soil.

00:40:31.300 For a while,

00:40:32.440 a small British force

00:40:33.740 held them in check,

00:40:35.020 but a large party

00:40:36.260 of Americans

00:40:36.920 managed to climb

00:40:38.240 the cliffs

00:40:38.680 to Queenston Heights.

00:40:40.680 In a British counterattack here,

00:40:42.900 General Brock

00:40:43.560 was killed.

00:40:49.620 The American vanguard

00:40:51.220 held on,

00:40:52.600 but New York militia

00:40:53.800 across the river

00:40:54.660 refused to come

00:40:55.680 to their aid,

00:40:56.980 maintaining they would

00:40:57.740 fight only on home soil.

00:41:00.520 And so the Americans

00:41:01.340 were overwhelmingly defeated.

00:41:04.640 The Niagara invasion 0.98

00:41:06.180 threat had ended

00:41:07.360 in confusion

00:41:08.100 and humiliation.

00:41:10.680 To round out

00:41:12.000 a year of fiascos,

00:41:14.060 the Americans mounted

00:41:15.020 an attack on Montreal.

00:41:17.100 But when the New York militia

00:41:18.840 reached the Canadian border,

00:41:20.600 they once again refused

00:41:21.860 to leave their native state.

00:41:23.600 The American leaders

00:41:24.660 may have said

00:41:25.380 that victory

00:41:25.880 would be a mere matter

00:41:27.120 of marching,

00:41:28.160 but they couldn't seem

00:41:29.100 to find the men

00:41:29.800 who would march.

00:41:31.060 The Americans

00:41:31.740 were no more successful

00:41:33.160 in their efforts

00:41:33.900 at subversion

00:41:34.700 and a manifesto

00:41:36.200 calling on the people

00:41:37.000 of Upper Canada

00:41:37.700 to fight against

00:41:38.560 so-called British oppression

00:41:40.440 fell flat.

00:41:42.760 Thus, the year ended,

00:41:44.220 with Canada still in possession

00:41:45.540 of the vital communications

00:41:46.800 line to the West.

00:41:49.120 Early in 1813,

00:41:51.240 a British attempt 0.81

00:41:52.140 was made

00:41:52.820 to win back

00:41:53.660 the Ohio region.

00:41:55.100 The Americans put up 1.00

00:41:56.080 stout defenses

00:41:56.780 at Fort Meigs

00:41:57.620 and Fort Stevenson,

00:41:58.900 but the Canadians

00:41:59.600 remained a danger.

00:42:00.680 The new year, however,

00:42:03.100 would see a new factor

00:42:04.560 that would drastically affect

00:42:06.460 Canada's hopes

00:42:07.320 for Western conquest.

00:42:15.220 The new factor

00:42:16.400 was warfare at sea,

00:42:18.860 where the Americans

00:42:19.820 were audaciously challenging

00:42:21.280 the majestic ships

00:42:22.280 of the Royal Navy,

00:42:23.540 the same Navy

00:42:24.680 whose high-handed actions

00:42:25.880 had helped bring on the war.

00:42:28.180 Nothing could challenge

00:42:29.120 a British fleet.

00:42:30.680 But solitary vessels

00:42:31.860 could and did

00:42:32.980 become victims.

00:42:43.100 In many parts

00:42:44.220 of the Atlantic,

00:42:45.380 American cannonballs 0.99

00:42:46.560 tore through the timbers

00:42:47.600 of British ships.

00:42:49.460 Though far less numerous,

00:42:51.300 the American warships

00:42:52.280 were brilliantly handled

00:42:53.480 as they attacked.

00:42:54.240 and in the winter

00:42:55.860 of 1813,

00:42:57.720 the Americans captured

00:42:58.800 some 300 British merchantmen

00:43:00.820 as prizes.

00:43:08.940 Although they could not

00:43:10.120 turn the tide of war,

00:43:11.960 victories at sea

00:43:12.860 did wonders for morale.

00:43:17.700 On the Great Lakes, however,

00:43:19.560 this same naval enterprise

00:43:21.080 could change

00:43:22.080 the whole pattern

00:43:22.760 of conflict.

00:43:24.440 Britain had a squadron

00:43:25.520 on the lakes

00:43:26.100 and the Americans

00:43:27.240 hastily improvised

00:43:28.280 a fleet to challenge it.

00:43:30.280 The battle,

00:43:31.000 when it finally came,

00:43:32.680 would be decisive.

00:43:36.720 On September the 10th,

00:43:38.680 the Battle of Lake Erie began

00:43:40.200 and it raged furiously

00:43:42.420 for more than three hours.

00:43:44.000 At stake was the vital route

00:43:51.800 from Montreal to the west.

00:43:54.260 Six British vessels

00:43:55.360 against ten Americans.

00:43:57.900 And when their flagship

00:43:58.760 was riddled,

00:43:59.960 the Americans had to transfer

00:44:01.220 their commander

00:44:01.820 to another ship

00:44:02.620 in mid-battle.

00:44:04.220 But this commander,

00:44:05.680 Oliver Hazard Perry,

00:44:07.300 aged 28,

00:44:08.780 had scored a decisive victory.

00:44:10.560 It had changed

00:44:12.620 the course of the war

00:44:13.760 and virtually sounded

00:44:15.520 the death knell

00:44:16.240 for Canada's ambitions

00:44:17.380 in the Ohio country.

00:44:25.040 Meanwhile,

00:44:25.920 in the west,

00:44:26.980 General Harrison

00:44:27.740 and a well-trained

00:44:28.620 American army

00:44:29.340 had remained

00:44:30.200 on the defensive,

00:44:31.620 awaiting the outcome

00:44:32.500 of the Lake Erie operation.

00:44:34.580 After the victory

00:44:35.540 on the lake,

00:44:36.500 they were ready

00:44:37.380 to move.

00:44:41.620 But the British 0.90

00:44:42.660 moved first,

00:44:44.100 abandoning Detroit

00:44:45.060 and retreating

00:44:45.880 toward Niagara.

00:44:47.480 Unfortunately,

00:44:48.300 their commander,

00:44:49.080 General Proctor,

00:44:50.220 had encumbered himself

00:44:51.280 with too much baggage

00:44:52.400 and too many

00:44:53.440 civilian refugees.

00:44:55.580 General Harrison,

00:44:56.640 in swift pursuit,

00:44:58.140 caught up with him

00:44:58.900 at Moravian Town

00:45:00.120 and attacked.

00:45:04.740 The British

00:45:05.700 were overwhelmed.

00:45:06.680 To concept,

00:45:10.020 last of the great

00:45:11.000 Indian leaders

00:45:11.680 was killed

00:45:12.320 and with him

00:45:13.860 died the dream

00:45:14.780 of an Indian West

00:45:15.940 allied to Canada.

00:45:22.840 Earlier in the year,

00:45:24.700 Fort George

00:45:25.360 had fallen to the Americans,

00:45:27.120 who had crossed

00:45:27.900 the Niagara River

00:45:28.780 in another invasion.

00:45:30.800 But their attempts

00:45:31.960 to advance further

00:45:33.060 into Upper Canada

00:45:33.880 were checked

00:45:34.480 at Stony Creek,

00:45:35.280 where outnumbered

00:45:36.820 defenders forced

00:45:37.620 the Americans

00:45:38.140 to fall back

00:45:39.080 on Fort George.

00:45:45.380 Now,

00:45:46.540 Montreal became

00:45:47.380 a target once again,

00:45:48.840 with an American force

00:45:50.160 invading Quebec

00:45:50.980 to clash with Canadians 0.91

00:45:52.500 at Chateau-Gay.

00:45:54.280 Under Colonel

00:45:55.100 de Salaberry,

00:45:56.340 British and French

00:45:57.240 Canadian troops

00:45:58.120 offered the Americans

00:45:59.200 stubborn resistance

00:46:00.160 and forced their retreat.

00:46:03.080 Significantly,

00:46:04.040 this was the first time

00:46:05.520 that French and English

00:46:06.540 had fought side-by-side

00:46:08.260 in Canada.

00:46:14.160 Soon afterward,

00:46:15.760 there was another thrust

00:46:16.800 toward Montreal,

00:46:17.840 down the St. Lawrence.

00:46:18.800 But at Chrysler's farm,

00:46:21.020 a force of 800 British

00:46:22.620 assailed some 2,000 Americans.

00:46:26.220 Despite superior equipment,

00:46:28.380 the Americans

00:46:28.900 were so badly mauled

00:46:30.220 that they retreated

00:46:31.460 across the river

00:46:32.200 in disorder.

00:46:34.020 With winter coming,

00:46:35.740 the war was over

00:46:36.820 for 1813.

00:46:44.400 Fighting in 1814

00:46:45.940 opened with an important

00:46:47.160 British naval operation

00:46:48.400 on Lake Ontario.

00:46:50.280 A new invasion

00:46:51.320 of Canada

00:46:51.840 was in the air.

00:46:53.300 And success or failure

00:46:54.520 would depend largely

00:46:55.580 on control of the lake.

00:46:57.620 And so in May,

00:46:58.920 a British fleet

00:46:59.600 crossed from York,

00:47:00.880 the capital of Upper Canada,

00:47:02.540 to Oswego

00:47:03.280 in New York State.

00:47:04.300 Landing at Oswego,

00:47:16.740 the British captured

00:47:17.740 or destroyed

00:47:18.580 the large supply

00:47:19.500 of stores

00:47:20.100 that had been accumulated

00:47:21.620 for the summer's operations.

00:47:24.120 Perhaps more important,

00:47:26.040 this show of strength

00:47:26.940 so intimidated

00:47:27.780 the American naval commander

00:47:29.160 at nearby Sackett's Harbor

00:47:30.560 that he lapsed

00:47:32.100 into inactivity,

00:47:33.160 leaving the whole lake

00:47:34.860 open to British movement

00:47:36.080 of men and supplies.

00:47:42.580 But on land,

00:47:44.140 there were new

00:47:44.900 and better

00:47:45.500 American commanders.

00:47:47.700 Once again,

00:47:48.420 the Americans

00:47:48.940 undertook an offensive,

00:47:50.840 again on the Niagara frontier.

00:47:53.500 First,

00:47:54.180 Fort Erie fell.

00:47:55.720 And then,

00:47:56.320 on July 5th,

00:47:57.700 the Americans

00:47:58.440 won a solid victory

00:47:59.560 in the important

00:48:00.800 Battle of Chippewa,

00:48:02.140 forcing the British troops

00:48:03.900 to retreat.

00:48:10.420 Two weeks later,

00:48:11.560 at Lundy's Lane,

00:48:13.740 the two sides met again

00:48:15.060 in the war's

00:48:16.320 most bloody battle.

00:48:21.960 The battle ended

00:48:23.340 inconclusively,

00:48:24.560 with heavy losses

00:48:25.620 on both sides.

00:48:26.600 But the British 0.90

00:48:28.020 held the field,

00:48:29.520 and the Americans,

00:48:30.940 their navy still inactive,

00:48:32.640 had to pull back

00:48:33.560 to Fort Erie.

00:48:35.340 Here,

00:48:35.960 they were soon

00:48:36.520 under siege,

00:48:37.980 just managing

00:48:38.600 to beat off

00:48:39.220 their attackers.

00:48:44.320 Thus,

00:48:45.000 the last of

00:48:45.600 half a dozen

00:48:46.180 invasions of Canada

00:48:47.180 ended in failure.

00:48:49.100 Once again,

00:48:49.760 the Americans

00:48:50.260 had shown

00:48:50.800 an unbelievable

00:48:51.720 inability

00:48:52.360 to translate

00:48:53.400 potential strength

00:48:54.540 into effective action.

00:48:55.720 In 1812,

00:48:57.920 lack of cooperation

00:48:58.820 by militia units

00:48:59.980 had reached

00:49:00.660 comic opera proportions.

00:49:02.820 In 1813,

00:49:04.240 General Harrison

00:49:04.960 had led the only

00:49:05.800 potentially successful

00:49:06.920 invasion,

00:49:07.840 but had failed

00:49:08.460 to press his advantage.

00:49:10.540 In 1814,

00:49:12.000 the army was fighting

00:49:13.120 at one end

00:49:13.740 of Lake Ontario,

00:49:14.720 while the navy

00:49:15.420 was nervously inactive

00:49:16.840 at the other.

00:49:18.180 Later that year,

00:49:19.140 the American fleet

00:49:19.920 did secure command

00:49:21.060 of the lake,

00:49:21.560 but it was too late.

00:49:23.640 For once again,

00:49:24.320 great events overseas

00:49:26.120 had affected

00:49:27.160 North America,

00:49:28.440 this time

00:49:29.080 to Britain's advantage. 0.51

00:49:37.420 In Paris,

00:49:38.680 at the end of March,

00:49:40.480 British troops

00:49:41.060 were among the allies

00:49:42.100 who entered the city

00:49:42.960 in triumph.

00:49:44.700 Together,

00:49:45.260 they had won

00:49:45.840 the war in Europe,

00:49:47.460 and Napoleon

00:49:48.140 was on the run.

00:49:50.040 No longer would he

00:49:50.940 tie up the bulk

00:49:51.720 of Britain's army.

00:49:53.320 Now Wellington,

00:49:54.360 its commander,

00:49:55.480 could turn his attention

00:49:56.520 to America.

00:49:58.980 With veteran troops

00:50:00.200 coming from Europe,

00:50:01.560 Britain could attack again, 0.90

00:50:03.620 first to capture

00:50:04.500 far-off Prairie du Chien,

00:50:06.920 controlling the upper Mississippi.

00:50:09.240 Then, in September,

00:50:10.800 to occupy a large part

00:50:12.320 of Maine

00:50:12.800 with an expedition

00:50:13.940 from Halifax.

00:50:15.560 But the principal effort

00:50:17.040 was to be an assault

00:50:18.080 on the American invasion base

00:50:19.860 of Plattsburgh.

00:50:24.080 The armies skirmished

00:50:25.840 near Plattsburgh,

00:50:27.220 but the main action

00:50:28.320 was naval

00:50:28.900 on Lake Champlain.

00:50:30.980 Before attacking the town,

00:50:33.100 the British general

00:50:33.860 decided to await

00:50:34.800 the outcome

00:50:35.300 between the ships.

00:50:40.820 The superior strategy

00:50:42.380 of Captain McDonough,

00:50:43.620 the American commander,

00:50:45.000 won the lake.

00:50:45.660 Unnerved by the resulting

00:50:48.040 threat to their flank,

00:50:49.740 the British retreated

00:50:50.920 tamely to Canada,

00:50:52.700 leaving Plattsburgh

00:50:53.620 in jubilant American hands.

00:50:59.100 Meanwhile,

00:51:00.300 there had been another

00:51:01.100 British initiative

00:51:01.920 to the south,

00:51:03.300 where a powerful

00:51:04.080 expeditionary force

00:51:05.280 had sailed from Bermuda

00:51:06.440 into Chesapeake Bay.

00:51:09.000 After landing,

00:51:10.040 there was a brief battle

00:51:11.000 in which poorly trained

00:51:12.780 American militia

00:51:13.680 fled from a smaller

00:51:15.240 British force.

00:51:17.100 The British then

00:51:18.100 put the torch

00:51:19.000 to much of the city

00:51:20.320 of Washington.

00:51:23.440 It was Britain's revenge 0.94

00:51:25.200 for the burning of York

00:51:26.480 in Upper Canada.

00:51:27.980 And as the Capitol,

00:51:29.520 the White House,

00:51:30.560 and other buildings

00:51:31.520 went up in flames,

00:51:33.440 Americans bemoaned 0.94

00:51:34.780 their worst military disgrace.

00:51:36.780 But the British triumph

00:51:42.200 was brief.

00:51:43.940 In attempting

00:51:44.480 to capture Baltimore,

00:51:46.340 their commander,

00:51:47.180 General Robert Ross,

00:51:48.220 was killed.

00:51:50.040 His troops

00:51:50.640 suffered severe casualties.

00:51:53.040 And once again,

00:51:54.120 the soldiers

00:51:54.580 looked to their Navy

00:51:55.580 for vital assistance.

00:51:56.580 For 26 hours,

00:52:01.880 the Royal Navy

00:52:02.620 bombarded nearby

00:52:03.660 Fort McHenry

00:52:04.560 with its dreaded

00:52:05.820 new rockets

00:52:06.500 to pave the way

00:52:07.900 for an assault

00:52:08.580 on Baltimore.

00:52:10.120 But the rockets'

00:52:11.520 red glare

00:52:12.160 and the bombs

00:52:13.580 bursting in air

00:52:14.820 were futile.

00:52:17.000 And the event

00:52:18.080 inspired a witness

00:52:19.040 to write

00:52:19.580 the American

00:52:20.520 National Anthem.

00:52:22.600 For when dawn came,

00:52:24.300 he rejoiced

00:52:25.080 that the flag

00:52:26.360 was still there.

00:52:30.840 Far to the south,

00:52:32.640 the British

00:52:32.980 prepared another assault.

00:52:35.320 From the West Indies,

00:52:36.440 they headed for New Orleans,

00:52:37.920 where they hoped

00:52:38.420 to close the Mississippi.

00:52:40.620 But sharp-eyed riflemen

00:52:41.980 from Kentucky

00:52:42.680 and Tennessee

00:52:43.380 were waiting for them

00:52:44.800 in strong positions.

00:52:46.940 In close ranks,

00:52:48.460 the hapless British 0.99

00:52:49.380 marched into

00:52:50.220 withering fire,

00:52:51.900 led by officers

00:52:52.800 who seemed

00:52:53.700 to have learned little

00:52:54.740 since the Battle

00:52:55.740 of Bunker Hill.

00:53:00.000 Under General

00:53:01.080 Andrew Jackson,

00:53:02.740 the Americans

00:53:03.360 killed or wounded

00:53:04.600 2,000 British,

00:53:06.660 losing only

00:53:07.360 eight men themselves.

00:53:09.700 For the Americans,

00:53:10.800 it was the greatest

00:53:11.820 victory of the war,

00:53:13.120 and Andrew Jackson

00:53:14.440 became a national hero.

00:53:15.860 But well before New Orleans,

00:53:22.660 President Madison

00:53:23.420 had wanted peace.

00:53:25.340 The whole Atlantic coast

00:53:26.500 was now effectively

00:53:27.420 blockaded by the Royal Navy.

00:53:29.980 And even before the war,

00:53:31.940 hostility between Britain

00:53:33.140 and the United States

00:53:34.360 had led to depression

00:53:35.880 along the New England coast

00:53:37.320 with idle ships

00:53:38.760 and empty docks.

00:53:41.140 Before blockade,

00:53:42.600 there had been embargo,

00:53:43.900 imposed by Washington

00:53:45.740 to deny Britain 0.60

00:53:46.820 the benefits

00:53:47.400 of American goods.

00:53:49.200 This had led to

00:53:50.180 strong anti-war sentiment

00:53:51.660 in New England,

00:53:52.820 where the merchants

00:53:53.740 could not understand

00:53:55.020 patriotism without profit. 0.97

00:53:57.560 The cursed, 0.59

00:54:02.420 oh grab me, 0.79

00:54:03.920 embargo spelled backwards,

00:54:05.760 was a government regulation

00:54:07.180 with teeth

00:54:07.840 that gave Yankee traders

00:54:09.660 the proverbial pain.

00:54:11.920 They had never seen

00:54:12.760 anything wrong

00:54:13.540 with a spot of profitable trade

00:54:15.300 with the British.

00:54:16.660 And even during the war,

00:54:18.260 there was large-scale smuggling

00:54:19.680 from New England ports

00:54:20.940 that helped to supply

00:54:22.120 the redcoats in Canada.

00:54:23.340 It even looked as though

00:54:27.960 old King George III

00:54:29.320 might win back

00:54:30.340 some of his

00:54:30.920 pre-revolutionary subjects,

00:54:33.060 for distraught

00:54:33.780 New England leaders

00:54:34.640 were openly suggesting

00:54:36.440 secession

00:54:37.040 and a separate peace.

00:54:45.180 The whole nation

00:54:46.320 was tired of

00:54:47.480 Mr. Madison's war,

00:54:48.940 as they called it.

00:54:50.000 And so was Mr. Madison.

00:54:51.300 After three long bloody years,

00:54:53.980 not one foot of Canadian soil

00:54:55.680 was occupied

00:54:56.280 by the United States.

00:54:58.080 Meanwhile,

00:54:58.600 in Maine,

00:54:59.380 at Niagara,

00:55:00.140 and in the West,

00:55:01.520 sizable areas

00:55:02.300 of American territory

00:55:03.340 were occupied

00:55:03.980 by British forces.

00:55:05.860 But if the U.S.

00:55:06.660 could not conquer Canada,

00:55:08.340 neither could Britain

00:55:09.280 conquer the U.S. 0.85

00:55:10.920 Plattsburgh,

00:55:11.620 Baltimore,

00:55:12.240 and New Orleans

00:55:12.880 had shown that.

00:55:14.540 It was high time

00:55:15.360 to bring the dreary

00:55:16.480 and inconclusive conflict

00:55:18.040 to an end.

00:55:19.360 By August 1814,

00:55:21.300 negotiations

00:55:21.980 were underway,

00:55:23.080 and to Canada,

00:55:23.940 it seemed that Britain 0.96

00:55:24.760 held the advantage.

00:55:26.360 There were renewed hopes

00:55:27.420 of modifications

00:55:28.100 of the border

00:55:28.940 in Canada's favor,

00:55:30.300 especially in the West.

00:55:36.580 British delegates

00:55:37.520 at the peace talks

00:55:38.500 did not fail

00:55:39.740 to press the advantage

00:55:40.900 their victories

00:55:41.520 had given them.

00:55:43.280 The retention

00:55:43.800 of Mishla Mackinac

00:55:45.140 in part of Maine,

00:55:46.720 plus the strip

00:55:47.360 east of Niagara,

00:55:48.740 would improve

00:55:49.340 Canadian communications.

00:55:51.300 And the old idea

00:55:52.760 of an Indian buffer state

00:55:54.120 came up again.

00:55:55.880 There were even hints

00:55:56.860 of renewed war

00:55:58.120 if the Americans

00:55:59.460 rejected these demands.

00:56:00.780 But again,

00:56:05.960 events overseas

00:56:06.840 swung the balance.

00:56:08.620 In her triumphal entry

00:56:09.840 of Paris,

00:56:10.880 after Napoleon's defeat,

00:56:12.960 Britain had had 0.94

00:56:13.760 several allies.

00:56:15.740 But at Vienna,

00:56:16.800 where peace was to be made

00:56:17.840 with France,

00:56:19.180 conflicting ambitions

00:56:20.120 among these allies

00:56:21.160 came to light.

00:56:22.840 In the autumn of 1814,

00:56:25.660 the shadow of war

00:56:27.080 fell across the conference table,

00:56:28.580 with Russian bayonets

00:56:30.360 pointing at Poland 0.68

00:56:31.240 and Prussian bayonets

00:56:32.960 at Saxony.

00:56:34.400 In time,

00:56:36.040 the threat faded,

00:56:37.760 but it affected

00:56:38.500 Britain's whole posture 0.85

00:56:39.680 in America.

00:56:44.520 Dangers in Europe

00:56:45.720 would make it difficult

00:56:47.080 to spare troops

00:56:47.980 for America,

00:56:49.380 so Viscount Castlereagh,

00:56:50.760 Britain's foreign minister,

00:56:52.180 was advised by Wellington

00:56:53.460 to make a quick peace

00:56:54.900 with the United States

00:56:56.000 without annexations.

00:56:58.980 Thus,

00:56:59.420 Britain's conquests 0.97

00:57:00.380 were abandoned

00:57:01.080 and the border adjustments

00:57:02.880 were forgotten.

00:57:04.700 Once again,

00:57:05.940 Canada's needs

00:57:06.760 had ranked low

00:57:07.680 on Britain's list

00:57:08.520 of priorities.

00:57:13.780 At the end of December,

00:57:15.500 1814,

00:57:17.040 peace was signed.

00:57:18.620 A happy outcome

00:57:19.540 for American war hawks

00:57:20.780 like Henry Clay,

00:57:22.040 who were quick

00:57:22.720 to proclaim

00:57:23.340 this failure to lose

00:57:24.500 as a victory.

00:57:30.540 Victory for America,

00:57:32.440 with the eagles

00:57:33.160 screaming joyously

00:57:34.380 in self-congratulation.

00:57:37.080 In the popular mythology

00:57:38.280 of the time,

00:57:39.700 men with dubious claims

00:57:41.100 to heroism

00:57:41.820 had their names emblazoned

00:57:43.560 along with those

00:57:44.520 of the authentically valiant,

00:57:46.240 like Oliver Hazard Perry.

00:57:48.820 Pictures of Perry

00:57:49.760 graced many

00:57:50.440 in American home,

00:57:52.040 as did pictures

00:57:52.760 of Captain Lawrence

00:57:53.800 dying on the deck

00:57:54.900 of his ship.

00:57:57.140 It was more pleasant

00:57:58.380 to dwell on

00:57:59.060 sailor heroes

00:57:59.760 than on incompetent generals

00:58:01.580 like Wilkinson,

00:58:03.020 who were usually

00:58:03.800 at sea

00:58:04.620 on land.

00:58:08.960 But there were critics,

00:58:10.460 too,

00:58:11.060 who lampooned

00:58:12.000 the dismal performance

00:58:12.920 of the militia,

00:58:14.140 which had turned

00:58:14.760 the early campaigns

00:58:15.920 into military comedies

00:58:17.280 with many camp followers

00:58:18.960 in the cast.

00:58:26.160 For true patriots,

00:58:27.680 however,

00:58:28.500 there were lush lithographs

00:58:30.240 to commemorate

00:58:30.960 the glories

00:58:31.560 of dying

00:58:32.200 for the young nation.

00:58:33.960 For as the heroes

00:58:34.880 expired on the quarter deck,

00:58:36.820 the trumpets proclaimed

00:58:37.920 the humbling

00:58:38.580 of a wicked Britannia.

00:58:40.240 The horrors

00:58:46.120 of Indian scalpings

00:58:47.320 approved by the British

00:58:48.420 were also remembered

00:58:49.800 by artists of the time,

00:58:51.780 as was the revenge

00:58:52.880 by Colonel Johnson

00:58:53.880 in killing a Tecumseh

00:58:55.700 who was depicted

00:58:56.880 as especially ugly.

00:59:02.080 The burning of Washington

00:59:03.660 continued to burn

00:59:05.060 in American memories,

00:59:06.600 with special loathing

00:59:07.900 reserved for Admiral Coburn,

00:59:09.440 who had himself painted,

00:59:11.620 as he put it,

00:59:12.800 with the flames of Washington

00:59:14.280 warming my backside. 0.50

00:59:16.980 And there was vengeance

00:59:18.240 in a massive outpouring

00:59:19.640 of caricature

00:59:20.440 in which wicked John Bull

00:59:22.560 was stung

00:59:23.620 by American wasps

00:59:24.960 and hornets.

00:59:25.600 and a bloody nose

00:59:41.780 was what George III

00:59:42.920 got

00:59:43.280 for squaring off

00:59:44.520 with a nimble Yankee.

00:59:45.560 for other British villains,

00:59:53.400 nasty tonics

00:59:54.240 and a variety

00:59:55.660 of indignities.

01:00:02.880 But despite the bitterness

01:00:04.400 left by the war,

01:00:05.520 the decline of Napoleon Bonaparte

01:00:07.780 had changed the real issues

01:00:09.400 between Britain

01:00:10.120 and the United States.

01:00:11.320 Now headed for exile,

01:00:14.420 Napoleon was no longer

01:00:15.620 the great troublemaker.

01:00:17.680 Soon,

01:00:18.540 death would come

01:00:19.320 to end his exile.

01:00:21.180 But already,

01:00:22.140 his fall from power

01:00:23.220 had led to a relaxation

01:00:24.820 of the exhausting demands

01:00:26.360 on the Royal Navy.

01:00:28.240 No longer would British manpower

01:00:30.080 be drained

01:00:30.780 to the extent

01:00:31.880 that Britain

01:00:32.460 would infuriate America

01:00:33.800 by raiding its ships

01:00:35.340 for sailors.

01:00:35.920 But shipyards

01:00:43.220 on the Great Lakes

01:00:44.220 and memories

01:00:45.280 of battles

01:00:46.060 there

01:00:46.480 and on Lake Champlain

01:00:47.660 served to make it clear

01:00:49.440 that naval power

01:00:50.380 in North America

01:00:51.180 was still a potential threat

01:00:53.080 to both sides.

01:00:54.740 In the uneasy atmosphere

01:00:56.300 that followed the war,

01:00:58.140 would this threat

01:00:58.860 still hang over the lakes?

01:01:00.180 The Great Lakes

01:01:04.280 A ruinously expensive

01:01:08.160 arms race

01:01:08.820 seemed inevitable

01:01:09.740 as neither side

01:01:10.780 felt it could let

01:01:11.620 the other get ahead.

01:01:13.260 Yet an arms race

01:01:14.240 would increase

01:01:14.900 the very danger

01:01:15.820 it was meant to prevent.

01:01:17.780 Fortunately,

01:01:18.600 rare common sense

01:01:19.620 prevailed

01:01:20.180 and in 1818

01:01:21.420 the Rush Bagot Agreement

01:01:22.620 was signed

01:01:23.220 putting an end

01:01:24.400 to the building

01:01:24.980 of men-of-war

01:01:25.780 in shipyards

01:01:26.720 in the Great Lakes.

01:01:27.580 At Kingston,

01:01:33.000 Upper Canada

01:01:33.600 and at Sackett's Harbor,

01:01:35.160 New York,

01:01:36.100 old ships were laid up

01:01:37.400 and new ones

01:01:38.360 left unfinished.

01:01:39.960 For each side

01:01:40.840 was now permitted

01:01:41.600 only four small,

01:01:43.340 lightly armed vessels

01:01:44.400 for all the lakes.

01:01:50.460 But if there was

01:01:51.460 a relaxation

01:01:51.960 on the water,

01:01:53.460 the forces on land

01:01:54.680 remained on guard,

01:01:55.780 keeping a careful watch

01:01:57.640 at Niagara

01:01:58.260 and other border points.

01:02:03.660 For no one

01:02:04.800 in 1818

01:02:05.900 thought that another

01:02:06.980 Anglo-American war

01:02:08.420 was unthinkable.

01:02:10.440 The famous

01:02:11.200 unguarded frontier

01:02:12.280 was still

01:02:12.820 a good many years away.

01:02:14.820 But meanwhile,

01:02:16.000 how did Canadians 1.00

01:02:16.920 view the war

01:02:17.740 of 1812?

01:02:19.240 Naturally,

01:02:19.840 they saw it

01:02:20.380 from an angle

01:02:20.880 very different

01:02:21.500 from that of the Americans.

01:02:22.460 And even today,

01:02:24.620 ceremonies on the

01:02:25.380 old battlefields

01:02:26.640 proudly recall

01:02:27.600 Upper Canada's

01:02:28.420 resistance to invasion.

01:02:34.480 The stubborn loyalists

01:02:36.220 who stopped the Americans 0.97

01:02:37.580 at Chrysler's farm

01:02:38.680 and in other battles

01:02:39.760 a century and a half ago

01:02:41.120 are remembered today

01:02:42.940 for their successful

01:02:43.880 struggle for survival

01:02:45.160 against odds

01:02:46.460 that seemed overwhelming.

01:02:47.840 Also remembered

01:02:57.240 are the nimble

01:02:58.160 Voltageurs

01:02:58.880 who under

01:02:59.920 de Salaberry's leadership

01:03:01.060 helped frustrate

01:03:02.160 a thrust at Montreal.

01:03:04.380 The Battle of Chateau-Gay 0.54

01:03:05.680 showed that a threat

01:03:07.180 from the south

01:03:07.880 could unite

01:03:08.720 French and English Canadians

01:03:10.160 in a common cause.

01:03:11.720 The famous fight

01:03:18.960 between the Chesapeake

01:03:19.980 and the Shannon

01:03:20.560 was celebrated

01:03:21.940 in song and story

01:03:23.240 with the Canadians

01:03:24.560 giving due credit

01:03:25.460 to the courage

01:03:26.120 of the defeated Americans.

01:03:36.380 This British victory 0.97

01:03:37.660 off Halifax

01:03:38.460 was significant

01:03:39.200 for the pride

01:03:40.560 it engendered

01:03:41.280 suggested

01:03:41.760 however tenuously

01:03:43.200 a potential

01:03:44.380 common cause

01:03:45.420 between the Atlantic colonies

01:03:46.980 and inland Canada.

01:04:04.480 And so the war

01:04:05.820 produced the first

01:04:06.720 stirrings

01:04:07.200 of Canadian nationalism

01:04:08.480 although the map

01:04:09.860 left by the treaty

01:04:10.760 gave little

01:04:11.620 to cheer about.

01:04:13.520 With the Ohio

01:04:14.240 and Mississippi

01:04:14.880 now firmly held

01:04:16.020 for American settlement

01:04:17.060 Canada could forget

01:04:18.960 its fur trading ambitions

01:04:20.260 there.

01:04:21.520 For the United States

01:04:22.860 the road

01:04:23.880 to western expansion

01:04:24.940 was unhindered

01:04:25.820 but Canada

01:04:27.240 could look only

01:04:28.020 to little known lands

01:04:29.180 held by the Hudson's Bay Company

01:04:30.740 cut off

01:04:31.860 by a thousand miles

01:04:33.120 of wilderness.

01:04:35.380 Canada seemed to face

01:04:36.840 a harshly limited future.

01:04:38.140 A harshly limited future.

01:04:44.380 Thus ended

01:04:45.220 that strange

01:04:46.460 dismal

01:04:47.180 and much misunderstood

01:04:48.720 war of 1812.

01:04:50.960 There was no real

01:04:52.040 satisfaction in it

01:04:53.100 for anyone

01:04:53.580 and even today

01:04:54.980 both sides

01:04:55.740 claim to have won it.

01:04:57.420 For the Americans

01:04:58.100 it had meant a great deal

01:04:59.780 to challenge

01:05:00.460 the arrogance

01:05:01.040 of Britain

01:05:01.700 and now

01:05:02.860 the West

01:05:03.280 was open to them

01:05:04.080 and American ships

01:05:05.340 on the high seas

01:05:06.120 were free

01:05:06.600 from harassment.

01:05:08.320 But still

01:05:08.760 Americans don't invoke 0.61

01:05:10.160 the spirit of 1812

01:05:11.500 as they do

01:05:12.040 the spirit of 76.

01:05:14.020 If they did

01:05:14.580 too many

01:05:15.480 bumbling generals

01:05:16.520 and stumbling militiamen

01:05:17.900 might come back

01:05:18.660 to haunt them.

01:05:20.680 As for Canadians 0.99

01:05:21.560 they felt

01:05:22.740 their country

01:05:23.340 had survived

01:05:24.000 wanton aggression

01:05:24.860 and perhaps

01:05:25.800 that was victory enough.

01:05:27.580 But what of the future?

01:05:29.240 It had been shown

01:05:30.200 that once again

01:05:31.160 Canada

01:05:31.620 was the inevitable

01:05:32.580 scapegoat

01:05:33.400 in any

01:05:33.860 Anglo-American conflict

01:05:35.240 in the event

01:05:36.460 of future hostilities

01:05:37.520 which were

01:05:38.480 far from impossible

01:05:39.720 could Canada

01:05:41.320 survive again?

01:05:43.260 Looking ahead

01:05:43.940 the odds

01:05:45.380 seemed poor.

01:06:03.400 as they said

01:06:04.080 they haven żeby

01:06:05.360 to spend

01:06:06.780 the end

01:06:07.320 of the day

01:06:08.440 better

01:06:08.840 I've never

01:06:10.200 kidnapped

01:06:11.080 them

01:06:11.400 from MICHAEL

01:06:12.580 to the end

01:06:13.020 in the event

01:06:13.180 of ceando

01:06:14.540 whoah MAN

01:06:14.920 has allowed

01:06:15.740 in the event

01:06:16.420 to go to theBR

01:06:18.700 of Canada

01:06:20.440 in the event

01:06:21.180 and to the end

01:06:21.640 there were

01:06:22.020 quite a lot

01:06:22.940 of these

01:06:23.420 happening in the pub

01:06:24.880 round

01:06:25.240 and σcomρ

01:06:26.240 そんな

01:06:26.640 Sund

01:06:28.020 that

01:06:29.580 West

01:06:30.160 if they

01:06:31.040 wanted

01:06:31.200 Thank you.

01:07:01.200 Thank you.

01:07:31.200 Thank you.

01:08:01.200 I found that it was a really good, like I said, overview. It's a very brief one, obviously. You could probably break up the War of 1812 into, I don't know, at least six to 12 parts if you wanted to do hour-long episodes.

01:08:46.700 I'm going to get into a lot of things. Even Brock has about, I don't know, maybe 45 seconds of airtime in this episode.

01:08:53.740 So it's not really that well focused on this. It does a very good job of making a chronology of what happened and explaining the overview of it, but not really fluffing out some of the details, which I'll try to do a little bit of.

01:09:12.980 But even that, I'm going to be reviewing what they brought up in this episode. So we'll have some color commentary as we go through the clips here.

01:09:21.900 There was a few comments that came in, some super chats, but nothing, you know, pressing. So let's get right into it.

01:09:29.900 Yeah. So the first clip, obviously, you know, at the end of the American Revolution, a lot of loyalists went north. They bring that up early in the series.

01:09:42.860 And that is an important thing, you know, to recognize that the ethnogenesis of Anglos in North America is the same for the most part.

01:09:55.640 It's not like there was two separate, you know, peoples or two separate, you know, Americans became Canadians, I guess is the way that you would say that, right?

01:10:08.080 At least a lot of them did. So these were not separate people in terms of blood.

01:10:14.100 They were separate in terms of ideology and, you know, what they viewed as important.

01:10:18.800 But here, I'll play this first clip here and we'll start getting into it.

01:10:23.020 Loyalists, or Tories as the Americans call them, had reason for bitterness too, for they had been subjected to cruel and humiliating punishments.

01:10:38.080 There were angry scenes when the Tories asked for the return of their confiscated property, and they were usually told to get out and stay out.

01:11:00.660 Unwanted by the victors of the Revolution, they became refugees in search of new homes.

01:11:08.080 Many of the Loyalists now headed for those parts of North America that were still firmly in British hands.

01:11:17.420 They took advantage of ships provided by Britain to head for Nova Scotia, where almost 30,000 of them found homes, creating important and enduring settlements.

01:11:28.400 The dispossessed Loyalists had other destinations besides Nova Scotia, for Canada proper was also under British rule.

01:11:43.320 So there was migration into the Great Lakes area and settlement along the St. Lawrence and Lakes Ontario and Erie.

01:11:49.460 The old Western wilderness, the preserve of the fur trade, was now dotted with the camps of new arrivals.

01:11:57.420 There were wealthy men among them, but many were ordinary people who simply felt that the rights of Englishmen were more secure here than in the United States.

01:12:06.680 Yeah, so that was obviously a fairly long clip that goes over quite a bit.

01:12:16.820 But, you know, you see what I'm saying is that, you know, the early ethnic makeup of, you know, Southern Ontario is just American.

01:12:27.140 And but obviously there's some bitterness and resentment there that continues even to today.

01:12:33.780 And you see that come up again.

01:12:35.320 If you can remember in your mind's eye, you know, the end of the episode we just watched, you see that bitterness come up again at the end of the war.

01:12:45.320 The way they choose to portray each other, you know, the tactics that they use to, you know, propagandize one another.

01:12:51.740 You see that come up again. So this is like this is something you still see to today.

01:12:56.300 Right. You'll still get this kind of, you know, this desire to dunk on one another between Canadians and Americans.

01:13:06.160 And this is what it's rooted in. This is what I mean whenever I bring up repeatedly that, you know, this notion of trying to get Canadians to become Americans is never going to work because you're you're not fighting just ideology at this point.

01:13:20.220 You're fighting something that is in the blood. It's like a blood memory thing.

01:13:24.840 So good luck convincing, you know, the people who are the descendants of, you know, 10 generations of anti-American sentiment, you know, that it's time to become Canadian.

01:13:35.680 It's why it was so easy for the liberals, you know, after Trump was elected to gain momentum out of that elbows up kind of faux economic nationalism.

01:13:45.780 They were appealing to something that's deeply ingrained in Canadians as opposed to something that is just foreign to them, which is, you know, pro-Trumpism, pro-Americanism.

01:13:55.620 That's never going to work. Obviously, it's not like a hate.

01:13:59.780 It's not like, you know, a desire to, you know, eliminate Americans or something like that.

01:14:06.580 But this this notion that you're ever going to convince Canadians that, you know, joining America is a good thing is you're you're fighting something that's 200 and some years old at this point or more 250 years old.

01:14:19.440 All right. Yeah. So moving along there and then we get obviously this is where you get the rumblings of not the rumblings, but the the in the precursor to Ontario and Quebec with upper and lower Canada.

01:14:40.320 So, I mean, this is obviously an important moment in defining, you know, what became the regions of the country, you know, French speaking upper Canada or sorry, French speaking lower Canada, English speaking upper Canada and the maritime colonies.

01:14:54.320 And that begins with Simcoe and the division of British holdings in North America.

01:15:00.840 New settlements added to the long established French speaking area in Quebec seem to call for new political arrangements in British North America.

01:15:10.360 One prominent loyalist, William Smith, called for a federation of these colonies.

01:15:16.160 He argued that the American colonies would not have revolted if they had had a strong central government rather than unchecked local legislatures.

01:15:24.000 But Britain's remaining holdings were far too scattered and Smith got no support for British officials like John Simcoe, Canada needed strong rule, but from London instead of being unified, the colonies should be further divided, and this took place under the Constitutional Act of 1791.

01:15:48.680 Now, there would be two Canadas, one mainly French speaking and the other English, and each would have its legislative assembly with very limited powers, though for French Canada, this meant the end of rule by council.

01:16:05.900 Yeah, so exactly what I was talking about.

01:16:08.780 This is, you know, the beginnings of what became modern Canada and, you know, there's a lot of the roots of our individual, you know, territory or, you know, regional identities in there.

01:16:17.760 So, kind of an important point, but also the approach to it as well.

01:16:22.760 So, obviously, unlike in the American context, these were not unlimited or, you know, completely decentralized governments.

01:16:31.660 The whole purpose of these was to, you know, maintain control over the colonies, not to allow them necessarily to govern themselves.

01:16:38.160 And this is, again, an important thing in noting the distinction between the American and Canadian experience is that the Americans do kind of have these roots.

01:16:47.080 And I know they don't like the term, you know, democracy necessarily, but in this kind of decentralized democracy, you know, with your state governments, the powers mostly being rooted in municipalities and stuff.

01:17:06.740 Whereas in the Canadian experience, it's not all we've always had a strong history of centralized government.

01:17:15.480 Now, we see how it goes wrong in both, you know, instances is the irony because we've both arrived at what is basically the same place at this point.

01:17:24.300 So, it's not like either of these is better or worse than the other necessarily, but you can see, you know, how both of them went wrong.

01:17:33.940 But we're not getting into modern politics, so we'll leave that be for now.

01:17:38.800 But, yeah, we'll get into what's, you know, referred to as Toryism.

01:17:42.200 And this is, so, you know, this gets brought up a lot as well.

01:17:46.020 But this is what people mean when they say that the American experience is a liberal one.

01:17:53.480 It is the progressive one, whereas the, you know, Canadian experience was the one that was rooted in old world values and conservatism.

01:18:06.260 Not modern-day, you know, conservatism, but conservatism in the true sense.

01:18:12.420 And the same goes for America, liberalism in the true sense, not in the, like, what is basically communism today, obviously.

01:18:22.240 In 1792, Lieutenant Governor John Simcoe presided at the opening of the first legislative assembly in Upper Canada.

01:18:30.640 Here was a measure of representative government.

01:18:32.880 But far from the wider democracy of the United States.

01:18:37.500 For one thing, much power resided in the Upper House, modeled on the House of Lords.

01:18:43.620 Here, wealthy landowners and merchants, as well as clergymen of the Anglican Church, exercised control.

01:18:55.040 For men like Simcoe, power in the hands of the people was American and dangerous.

01:19:00.360 So, imperial authority, with all its trappings, remained paramount in Upper and Lower Canada.

01:19:08.000 Although there was representative government, the system preserved Toryism, enabling potential monopolists and authoritarians to flourish.

01:19:16.820 Yeah, so the thing that I think is interesting about that clip is that it makes it seem, you know, kind of malicious.

01:19:30.020 Like, so there's this, like, what a lot of people don't understand, and this is because of modernity and, you know, the way modern democratic politics has kind of shaped, you know, our values.

01:19:41.820 But they have this belief that, you know, the nobles or the aristocracy or kings and, you know, those who held positions of power whenever we weren't a democracy or, you know, we didn't have, you know, liberal values or whatever.

01:19:56.660 That they were just out to get you, that, you know, the king was always just trying to take advantage of his people and get money from them and, you know, more power.

01:20:07.720 And that, you know, all the aristocrats, they were just out to get you and they, you know, they just love being in power and, you know, dominating the lower classes and stuff like that.

01:20:16.300 And this is, this is rooted in, you know, Marxism, like this whole notion of, like, class struggle.

01:20:22.980 Obviously, there was instances of, you know, people abusing their positions of power in the same way that today when we have a liberal democratic system, there's still instances of people abusing their power.

01:20:33.080 In fact, you could argue that it's worse than it's ever been, frankly.

01:20:36.220 You know, except for now, they have this pretend, you know, notion of transparency and accountability when it doesn't exist at all because nobody's in charge, the bureaucracy's in charge, right?

01:20:48.080 So, yeah, but like this concept that, you know, the aristocrats, that, you know, the rulers, the governors, they were just out to, you know, rape and pillage from the people and abuse them and, you know, force them to do ungodly labor for, you know, unsatisfactory pay.

01:21:04.940 Like, yeah, obviously, there's instances of that, but this is kind of like a modern interpretation of that anyways.

01:21:12.040 And, yeah, obviously, that's not exactly what it was.

01:21:18.320 And the reason I bring this up and the importance of it is because it's painted as being a negative thing.

01:21:24.500 But there's a good reason why, as we saw in that last clip, you know, Governor General Simcoe of Upper Canada, you know, perceived power in the hands of the people as dangerous.

01:21:37.160 Now, in the case of the United States, obviously, they have a very pro belief that power should be held, you know, by an elected government, you know, representative of the people en masse, right?

01:21:52.580 And that's because in their experience, especially until, you know, the past few decades, that was actually a pretty practical and effective way of governing that allowed for a lot of freedom.

01:22:03.240 So you can understand why they have that perspective.

01:22:06.880 But from the British perspective, you can see how that was dangerous, one, because it led to revolt within the colonies.

01:22:13.460 And two, especially at this time period, what we're many people are forgetting is that we're about to enter the French Revolution.

01:22:22.400 And that's a time period where you see just how dangerous power in the hands of the masses or in the hands of, you know, the people who proclaim to represent the masses can actually be.

01:22:36.000 You know, how many innocent people were sent to the guillotine?

01:22:40.380 And, you know, this idea that mob, like, you know, rule of the people is somehow more just than the rule of the aristocrats or the nobility is, you know, I think a delusional one, because we've seen what mob justice can be like.

01:22:56.840 We've seen, you know, how this can go.

01:23:02.580 All right.

01:23:05.180 Okay, so we'll play this next clip here.

01:23:08.360 Oh, and sorry.

01:23:09.440 Regarding this time period as well for the United States, just because this is related to this next clip, the idea that, you know, America had won and was, you know, had solidified was, is a misguided one.

01:23:31.100 It was still very divided.

01:23:32.840 You could already see the rumblings of the divisions that would, you know, manifest in things like the Civil War.

01:23:40.580 There was already different, you know, cultural phenomena happening in different regions, different interests.

01:23:48.280 You know, if you were one of the more southern or western, you know, settlers or colonists, you may have been more interested in expanse.

01:23:58.900 If you were one of the New England merchants, you would have been more interested in trade and production, things like this.

01:24:06.200 So this idea that they had like some kind of unified, you know, cohesive worldview at this time was incorrect.

01:24:14.080 And in fact, it was dangerous.

01:24:16.140 It could have easily disintegrated, which is why, if you recall from the last episode, we kind of made note of the fact that one of the reasons the British wanted to end the American Revolution on good terms and, you know, with negotiations that were favorable to the Americans is because they kind of thought that this experiment that they were doing might collapse,

01:24:39.240 that it was possible that Britain would recover some, if not all of the territory within a matter of decades, and that, you know, maybe it was best to just let this experiment be for now.

01:24:50.240 So this, you know, it was a very delicate union, you know, at the end of the American Revolution.

01:24:58.140 At the same time, the British were intrigued by troubles in the United States, of discontent within the American army because of lack of funds to pay the troops.

01:25:07.600 And American tax collectors were being tarred and feathered by citizens reluctant to pay for federal government.

01:25:15.580 In Congress itself, there was disunity and occasional brawling, patterns of violence well-remembered by loyalists in Canada who had seen plenty of tar and feathers during the Revolution.

01:25:27.940 And there was news, too, of American defeats in battles with the Indians in the Ohio country.

01:25:37.600 For the British, these signs of American weakness lent weight to the argument that London had been unnecessarily generous in yielding the West to the United States.

01:25:49.900 With stiffened resolve, Britain found excuses to delay the evacuation of its Western forts, as promised in the treaty.

01:25:57.280 As you can see, there was already this kind of notion that maybe this American experiment was going to fail.

01:26:09.980 Now, that ends up becoming less of an issue as time goes by, particularly with the establishment of the American Constitution.

01:26:18.760 In Paris, on the 14th of July, 1789, the Bastille fell before the fury of the mob.

01:26:37.760 The French Revolution had erupted, and its ideas would be brought to America by a man called Edmond Genet.

01:26:44.840 Genet was the new French Republic's first ambassador to the United States.

01:26:53.120 But his welcome by George Washington was a cautious one, for Genet was seeking active aid for the French Revolution.

01:27:01.200 He was seen by many as disrupting the neutral course of the American chariot of state.

01:27:06.920 His insolent tactics eventually turned even friendly Americans against him.

01:27:10.660 But Genet had another target, Quebec.

01:27:17.240 For Quebec, citizen Genet wrote a flood of manifestos, urging the French Canadians to throw off the chains of British rule and rejoin Mother France.

01:27:27.740 But Quebec, although it showed some interest in the French Revolution's ideas, preferred the quiet and measured pace of life that it had developed for itself.

01:27:38.140 It preferred the orderly minuet of a rustic province to the frenzied Saturnalia of Paris, with its confused cries of liberty and equality.

01:27:48.960 Above all, there was repugnance for the Revolution's hostility toward the Catholic Church.

01:27:54.220 And so, from the pulpits of Quebec's churches, there were sermons denouncing Citizen Genet's mission, and pastoral letters attacking the revolutionary enemies of the church.

01:28:08.860 So strong were the feelings of the French-Canadian authorities, that Admiral Nelson was honored by them when he defeated the forces of France.

01:28:21.080 Britain's victories at sea were marked by celebrations and requiem masses.

01:28:25.960 Yeah, so you can see there, in that episode, or in that clip, there was kind of a belief that, you know, a lot of the justifications for the French Revolution were similar to the ones that were used to justify the American Revolution.

01:28:50.620 So there's this kind of belief among a lot of the intellectual and leadership class of the French Revolution that the Americans were natural allies and that it was in their interest to protect this.

01:29:01.820 Americans didn't quite see it this way because they had the distance of a, you know, a continental ocean dividing them from Europe and the ideas that were hostile towards their existence.

01:29:16.020 So this is where you get that notion from Washington that I think they addressed it at one point during this episode, but I'm not sure I have it in a clip, where in, you know, Washington's farewell address from office, he warns against entangling alliances with your, or, you know, foreign nations in general.

01:29:36.020 This is where you get that kind of nativist concern, developing early American identity where they, there was a belief among their early leadership that you should stay out of these conflicts because they don't end and, you know, they can be incredibly destructive.

01:29:53.140 So, you know, you get this kind of attitude of free trade with all war with none.

01:30:00.980 And that carries, that carried through for a hundred years anyways.

01:30:07.880 And then obviously we know the first world war, Woodrow Wilson, this, this kind of attitude changes.

01:30:15.420 You could make the case that it started changing in the, uh, the, uh, Spanish American war, but yeah, uh, you also in that clip saw as well, this idea that, um, you know, they could appeal to the French in Quebec to join the cause, you know, with their, their French brethren.

01:30:32.460 But obviously the, the Quebecois didn't see it that way.

01:30:35.500 Um, they weren't wrong.

01:30:36.940 The French revolution was incredibly hostile towards, uh, the Catholic church.

01:30:41.360 At one point, uh, Catholicism, I believe was banned and, um, you know, they tried to replace, uh, the, the, uh, Christian faith with, uh, I forget what it was called.

01:30:55.060 Um, basically a state religion.

01:30:59.300 Um, so there was a lot of, you know, it's, it's not a shocker why people make a lot of comparisons between, uh, Marxism and the ideals of the French revolution.

01:31:09.920 This is again, where you can see just to reiterate, this is why there was, uh, concern with, uh, you know, allowing the masses to govern themselves at this time period.

01:31:21.320 And I think we can see today why that's a problem when we look around and we look at the average, you know, knowledge or ability to, you know, uh, make intelligent political, uh, decisions amongst our own people.

01:31:35.220 Like, does it seem like this has been a good, uh, successful project?

01:31:41.000 I mean, there's obviously arguments against it.

01:31:43.200 So, yeah.

01:31:45.940 Bellcats is deism.

01:31:47.200 Is that what it was called?

01:31:48.200 Was that, uh, it was Robes Piers religion?

01:31:50.620 Yeah.

01:31:52.680 All right.

01:31:53.420 Um, and yeah, so obviously the, the stage was set for the, the rumblings of, of war.

01:31:59.800 Um, in, uh, in Europe and North America.

01:32:08.320 A few years earlier on the faraway Pacific coast, another factor had emerged to influence Britain's posture in North America.

01:32:16.080 For some time, British sea captains had established a base for trade and exploration on Vancouver Island.

01:32:24.060 But Spain was quick to assert its claim to this whole region.

01:32:27.940 And there were violent incidents.

01:32:32.240 The threat of war mounted.

01:32:34.920 And Britain had cause to wonder whether this ugly situation would be exploited by the Americans.

01:32:39.840 Yeah, so you can see that Britain is concerned, um, that anything that goes on, it didn't matter if they were at war directly with America.

01:32:50.720 There was this, you know, belief that if war was to break out, whether it was on the American content or, uh, continent or general, generally, uh, globally, whether it was, was Spain in the Americas or with France and Europe, uh, that the Americans might use it to take advantage of the situation.

01:33:08.740 And try to claim, you know, their manifest destiny across the rest of the continent.

01:33:14.840 So, um, it was a delicate situation in terms of negotiations.

01:33:18.600 And Britain was, you know, trying to kind of walk this line.

01:33:22.280 Obviously, we know they, they failed, but, um, that was more of a result of what was going on in, uh, Europe than North America.

01:33:29.800 Um, and yeah, by 17, so one of the things that's very complicated about this time period when it comes to warfare is that, so the period between 1793 and 1803 could be considered the war, the, you know, the period of the war of the coalitions.

01:33:50.000 Um, after that, it's typically referred to as the Napoleonic Wars because Napoleon is the emperor of France.

01:33:56.980 It's, they're really all one continuous sequence of wars.

01:34:00.940 So that's why they're often collectively referred to as the Napoleonic Wars.

01:34:04.560 But like to, to put this in perspective, calling it one war doesn't really, it doesn't really accurately describe the situation because.

01:34:12.780 You know, the, we get the, between 1793 and 1803, there's, I think there's three wars of the coalition.

01:34:22.580 And so if you want to, if you want to wrap your head around this, go look, you can go look up Napoleonic Wars, right?

01:34:30.120 And just go to the Wikipedia and you know, it'll do the, uh, belligerence and it'll list who was on each side.

01:34:36.520 With the exception of France and Britain, every single, you know, name listed is on both sides at one point during the war.

01:34:46.880 During this 20 some year period, both sides, you know, like have some combination of these allies.

01:34:54.860 And so wrapping your head around, like when I say, uh, you know, there was three wars of the coalition, you know, in, in the 1790s.

01:35:02.360 Right. So that's what they're all called. They're called the war, the, you know, the first war of the coalition, the second war of the coalition.

01:35:09.060 It's basically everybody versus Napoleon and sometimes Napoleon and his allies, which, you know, the next go around are actually his enemies.

01:35:18.060 So trying to wrap your head around this, the, the politics of this, uh, war is incredibly difficult.

01:35:27.440 And, um, you know, we're not even going to try to do that, but, um, it's just to point out that, uh, this is why Washington was very hesitant about getting involved in European affairs is a convoluted mess.

01:35:40.680 That never seems to end right. Um, so yeah, well, here we are at the, uh, and now by 1793, England had entered into the most terrible of all her wars with France, a war, which would last off and on for 20 years and which would absorb her every energy in Europe.

01:36:00.680 So Britain's position in North America was becoming weaker while that of the United States was starting to improve.

01:36:10.680 Yeah. And so this is the reason I, uh, included that clip is because there was this perspective at one point that Britain might be able to, to reconquer a lot of America.

01:36:21.560 And then America started solidifying as both a political entity and, you know, as a united kind of people, um, with the establishment of, you know, the American constitution.

01:36:32.960 The federal convention that George Washington presided over in 1787 concerned itself with disunity among the states that verged on chaos.

01:36:43.760 To remedy this, the delegates produced a constitution that was greeted with joyous celebration when it was finally adopted after arduous birth pangs.

01:36:52.640 And a triumphant Washington was inaugurated as the first president of a country that now had a stronger central government.

01:37:06.640 The loose federation of bickering states was now becoming a unified nation to be treated with respect.

01:37:13.300 Yeah. So, as I said, just kind of like, that was the solidifying element in the American political experience at that time.

01:37:23.360 Like that was what actually formed them into a cohesive entity, at least to a certain extent.

01:37:28.180 Um, and then we get, uh, yeah, we'll just move right along into the next clip here.

01:37:37.300 Here we go.

01:38:07.300 It helped form a strong faction calling for immediate war against Britain, but Washington's administration was for peace as the best way to protect commercial interests.

01:38:17.680 So a special envoy was sent to London to try to settle all outstanding issues.

01:38:23.460 He was an experienced negotiator, John Jay.

01:38:28.580 Yeah. So you already have the rumblings.

01:38:30.680 This is, what is it?

01:38:33.240 1793, something like that.

01:38:34.520 And you already have the rumblings of war, or maybe it's earlier, sorry, 1789.

01:38:38.440 Uh, you already have the rumblings of, of war potentially breaking out again.

01:38:41.920 Uh, but like this is six, six years after peace has been concluded, right?

01:38:46.420 And America and, uh, the British empire are already, uh, going that way.

01:38:51.140 The difference is that the empire began preparing, was preparing this for some time.

01:38:56.660 And so, you know, the preparations for war, um, breaking out again, um, were already being made, uh, early in these times by the British.

01:39:07.640 Um, whereas the Americans, while they may have understood, like there was obviously segments of the population who were clamoring for it and saying that it was justified, there was no real preparation being done by that.

01:39:19.100 And that actually has a big impact when we get to the outbreak of war in, in 1812 and the irony of it being declared by the Americans.

01:39:26.700 And then being the ones who are completely caught off guard at the, at least at the, the initial encounters.

01:39:34.000 Um, yeah, uh, this next clip is, is relevant because it ties into something that I had brought up in both the previous episodes, which is the nature of European politics in this time period.

01:39:45.280 Being about any remaining that way up until the end of, you know, the second world war, essentially that what was valued particularly by the British, but by most of the major European States in general was not allowing one, uh, you know, entity to, to soak up too much of the power and influence within Europe.

01:40:09.240 So we saw this at the end of, uh, the American revolution, how quickly the alliances shifted, um, because, uh, you know, in the case of the French, the French, you know, started supporting, uh, the British kind of in the negotiations because they didn't want the Americans to have complete influence over the continent.

01:40:29.460 Um, you know, the Americans didn't want the French to have influence over, uh, Quebec.

01:40:36.060 Um, you know, uh, the French, uh, Dutch and Spanish had the reason that they had backed America is because Britain was becoming the hegemonic power, not just in Europe, but globally.

01:40:51.020 And so there was this desire to, you know, knock them down a peg, so to speak.

01:40:54.860 Um, and this comes up again, obviously in the Napoleonic Wars, which is, that's the great fear is that one man and one nation was beginning to dominate all of Europe.

01:41:04.380 And so that's why, you know, the, the, the British fought this fiercely when this comes up in this clip.

01:41:12.240 In France, by Jefferson's time, the government was firmly in Napoleon's hands and no Western nation would be uninvolved in the consequences of his imperialism.

01:41:23.540 Eventually, he would help push Britain and the United States into conflict again, endangering Canada's very existence.

01:41:34.380 One capital, London, and one nation, England, lay beyond Napoleon's ambitious reach.

01:41:41.880 In London, Britain's sea lords plotted naval strategy against him, and in the House of Commons, members were resolved to spare nothing in the task of spiking Napoleon's grandiose plans of conquest.

01:41:53.420 These were the men that Napoleon Bonaparte was to contemptuously call a nation of shopkeepers.

01:42:10.780 But they were determined to oppose to the death, the domination of Europe by any one country or leader.

01:42:16.960 Yeah, see, that's obviously why they were so opposed to Napoleon's rule.

01:42:25.260 It wasn't just that as well.

01:42:26.980 Obviously, there was, well, they had opposed initially the French Revolution because it was espousing, throwing off the yoke of imperialism and, you know, the, the, the crowns, the monarchies, and establishing, you know, governments, you know, by the people for the people type thing.

01:42:46.000 Um, so there was, you know, this is why the, you know, in the early wars of the coalition, all of the strong monarchies in Europe were united, you know, with Austria, Prussia, Spain, you know, England, like they had all united against France because they didn't like the idea of a nation going around spreading that they should, you know, arrest and execute their monarchs.

01:43:11.000 Um, and nobility and the Catholic church and et cetera, et cetera, right?

01:43:16.260 So, um, yeah, uh, there's somebody complaining there to, uh, loner Terrian said, I can't get any answers here week by, I don't know what you want answers to, but you didn't even ask a question.

01:43:29.240 And also, I don't know if you missed it at the beginning, I take questions at the end and I mark comments and questions as I see them come in. 0.92

01:43:37.760 So, um, I don't know what you're fucking complaining about, but all right, good night. 0.89

01:43:41.780 Uh, all right. 0.98

01:43:46.900 Yeah.

01:43:47.420 And so obviously, um, this is now at this time in Europe, they're into open hostilities.

01:43:53.960 Um, this is already kind of brought up, but it becomes relevant.

01:43:56.740 And this is to tie this back to the beginning, you know, where I gave my prologue, one of the reasons it's important to understand the tradition of restricted warfare versus total warfare, limited warfare versus total warfare is like this was changing at this time.

01:44:13.740 So Napoleon famously said, you cannot defeat me.

01:44:18.180 I spend 30,000 lives a month, which is absurd, right?

01:44:23.280 At that time period, you know, having three, 30,000 casualties a month was unsustainable for anyone in Europe.

01:44:30.240 The only reason that it was sustainable for Napoleon is because he was recruiting a military, uh, through conscription and mobilizing the entire economy of France towards war.

01:44:41.100 So they were already at the point where they were, you know, uh, seizing, you know, horses, firearms, uh, steel, like anything of value that was needed, you know, cotton, anything that was a value that was needed to the war effort, they were doing it.

01:44:55.620 So this is where you see that kind of first step.

01:44:58.160 You'll see it increase a little bit during the American civil war.

01:45:00.920 And then you'll see it brought to its, you know, total industrial conclusion in the first world war, um, and how destructive these wars can be.

01:45:09.600 And none of the other nations of Europe could compete with this because they weren't willing to arm their people on mass and mobilize their entire economies towards warfare.

01:45:19.900 So this is one of the issues that they were having.

01:45:23.360 Now, Britain in a desperate struggle here and being one of the only countries that was never, uh, you know, brought into the control of France during the Napoleonic Wars was constantly at war basically for this entire time period.

01:45:37.120 And expending a huge amount of resources, both in terms of ships, men, you know, gold, et cetera, the damage to their trade, blah, blah, blah.

01:45:46.920 Right.

01:45:47.760 Um, so they were desperate for resources, which is why you see them doing this act of something they maybe wouldn't have done, which is raid American ships looking for British sailors who had either deserted or just, you know, were legally working on American vessels.

01:46:04.540 Um, this desire to, to, to go find them and bring them back on the ships.

01:46:08.360 And in some cases straight up, you know, in basically enslaving American sailors because they had a bit of a British accent or they said like, you know, just, they wanted them basically.

01:46:18.480 So, you know, Britain was resorting to desperate consequences to deal with the effect of, of this total war that was being waged by Napoleon.

01:46:25.580 There was no other way for them to deal with it.

01:46:27.220 So this is where you start seeing some kind of desperate acts out of, uh, the British. 0.99

01:46:32.900 And so as the figure of the man of destiny loomed ever larger on the world scene, Britain's ships and her sailors were relentless in their opposition wherever he went.

01:46:43.440 In battles from the Nile to the Baltic, Britain scored notable victories.

01:46:49.360 And as Napoleon's power spread through Europe, the Royal Navy maintained a constant blockade off the Atlantic coast.

01:46:55.520 And even as Napoleon's star reached its zenith through victory on land, the Battle of Trafalgar forever ruined his hopes of conquering the stubborn British Isles.

01:47:10.080 But the cost of these triumphs at sea was great for England lost men by the thousands as flames and cannonballs raked the decks of her ships and even more numerous than the losses in action were desertions by sailors who feared both the carnage and the Navy's in human discipline.

01:47:29.380 So, yeah, basically you end up with a situation where the war is terrible desertions, you know, keep increasing and, you know, you need those sailors and soldiers.

01:47:45.380 So what do you do all you where you can you find them?

01:47:49.380 And obviously this put tremendous pressure on the American government and their sovereignty.

01:47:56.400 So not wanting to seem weak, that was one of the major causes for the war.

01:48:02.900 Now, there's all kinds of mitigating circumstances, but that was one of the official justifications, right?

01:48:08.400 The violation of American sovereignty at sea.

01:48:11.780 So important, you know, piece of information there.

01:48:15.280 But we'll get into some of the we'll get into the next actual reason and then we'll get into the more nuanced kind of underhanded reasons why they wanted the war.

01:48:28.780 But as the ever advancing line of American forts pushed west, the Indians plotted and attacked.

01:48:36.020 War cries and gunfire echoed from Tennessee to Indiana.

01:48:45.280 In Tecumseh, the Indians had a formidable leader who was determined to stem the American tide.

01:48:51.700 Meetings between him and American leaders led only to greater mutual anger.

01:48:56.640 And at Tippecano, Indiana, the two sides fought once again in November 1811.

01:49:02.280 The Americans won a shaky victory.

01:49:04.280 So that's the other justification that Americans formally gave for declaring war in 1812 was the continued British backing of Indians or even just their refusal to vacate the Ohio Valley, which they viewed as obviously their territory.

01:49:25.540 And I suppose technically it was based on the Treaty of 17, the Treaty of Paris, 1783.

01:49:31.540 So, yeah, those were the two formal justifications for the declaration of war that was issued in June of 1812.

01:49:42.280 We'll we'll play these next couple of clips and then we'll see there is other reasons, obviously.

01:49:47.460 Meanwhile, Canadian trappers working south of the lakes brought reports to British officers like General Brock, indicating that Americans were again blaming the British for Indian violence.

01:50:02.900 Men like Henry Clay, congressman from Kentucky, were clamoring for a showdown with Britain.

01:50:09.080 And supporting Clay was a whole nest of war hawks.

01:50:15.860 The End

01:50:17.460 So a couple of things out of that clip.

01:50:21.200 The first the first one is just to reiterate there as well that, you know, at this time period, Brock is I believe he's the lieutenant governor general of Canada.

01:50:31.200 If not, he was both the acting military commander and the acting civilian commander of upper Canada.

01:50:39.340 So he's hearing these reports and he's listening and watching what's going on in America and realizes that, you know, hostilities are rising and that the chances of open warfare breaking out.

01:50:54.400 Whether it's because Tecumseh or, you know, some band of Indians goes on the war path leading to America, deciding that they're tired of these Indian raids and they view the British as responsible.

01:51:06.300 So they're going to declare war.

01:51:07.340 That could have been the reason it could have been what was going on at sea with the naval blockades.

01:51:12.520 Another point as well there, just to, you know, a lesser kind of reason why America wanted war with Britain was that at this time period, Britain was blockading most of Europe.

01:51:24.320 So Napoleon had instituted a series of declarations forbidding trade with between him and between any states that France was in control of and the British Empire.

01:51:41.920 So this included like Russia, Prussia, Vienna or Austria, you know, all the lesser German states.

01:51:50.420 I believe the Netherlands, Spain as well at one point.

01:51:55.120 So the British were blockading essentially all of Europe. 0.69

01:51:58.500 Now, this angered the Americans because they wanted to do trade with those nations and they weren't able to, despite the fact that they weren't a belligerent in the war.

01:52:07.460 So to them, this was just Britain interrupting, you know, their profit and trade as a neutral country.

01:52:15.760 So that obviously brought some anger.

01:52:20.420 And, you know, the rest of these countries couldn't trade with anyone or sorry, could only trade with countries other than Britain.

01:52:31.340 So Britain was, you know, blocking trade from there as well.

01:52:34.100 So the other things in that clip, sorry, I'm just trying to recall because there's a bunch there.

01:52:43.100 Oh, yeah, as well, the Warhawks.

01:52:45.500 So it's funny, you'll still see this term thrown out a lot today, especially over the past two years.

01:52:51.400 I'm sure most of you have seen that term thrown out there, Warhawk.

01:52:55.140 It's root is in the War of 1812, you know, kind of like a meme or whatever you want to call it.

01:53:02.720 And we saw how it was used, you know, to paint these politicians, you know, in a poor light.

01:53:09.280 But essentially, it means the same thing today as it did back then.

01:53:13.140 It's a class of political leaders that is clamoring for war.

01:53:19.080 And typically they give justifications that might make sense or sound like they make sense.

01:53:25.720 But there's always an ulterior motivation.

01:53:27.700 So, for example, you know, today the term Warhawk would have been used to describe or could be used to describe somebody like Lindsey Graham, right, as a perfect example of a Warhawk.

01:53:37.560 Somebody who's, you know, demanding that America bomb Iran and, you know, go to war with Iran and constantly banging that war drum, you know, under the guise of protecting American freedom and interests, right?

01:53:52.560 Something like that.

01:53:53.440 Obviously, the real motivation behind it is, you know, Israeli, right? 0.95

01:53:59.180 That's why he's doing it.

01:54:00.500 He's bought off by the Israeli lobby.

01:54:02.740 And, you know, it's in their interest, not in America's interest to go to war with Iran.

01:54:06.700 So that's where you get this kind of idea of Warhawk, right?

01:54:10.780 In the case of the War of 1812, there was this idea that, you know, it's, sorry, I'm not even trying to compare, you know, the Warhawks of 1812 to the Warhawks of today.

01:54:22.240 Because the ones of 1812 were much more noble and righteous in their, you know, their reasons for wanting war than the ones today.

01:54:31.820 At least, you know, theirs was about expanding American influence on the continent they were on, you know, throwing off the yoke of British imperialism, etc., etc.

01:54:42.700 But the reasons they gave were, you know, Indians and sailors and blockades.

01:54:48.320 Their real interest was in claiming that territory and expanding their wealth and influence.

01:54:53.400 So, you know, it wasn't, it's an example of them not letting a crisis go to waste, right?

01:55:02.240 Every crisis is an opportunity.

01:55:04.580 So, yeah, that's the Warhawks.

01:55:10.060 And, yeah, obviously, they end up getting their way.

01:55:14.820 After the congressional elections of 1810, many new Western members joined in the outcry.

01:55:21.500 Over and over from every side came exhortations aimed at an undecided President Madison.

01:55:26.920 On to Canada was the cry of the hawks.

01:55:38.820 Finally, Madison yielded.

01:55:41.680 In exchange for support in the next election, he agreed to war, which was declared in June 1812.

01:55:48.900 So, yeah, one of the things I wish I had clipped there, and I didn't end up getting it, was the commentary from J. Frank Willis there, where he talks about how a lot of the Warhawks believed, you know, conquering Canada would be a simple matter of marching, you know, but they couldn't find the men to march and the little smirk that he gives there.

01:56:14.120 So, you see this, again, the reason I think it's funny is because, you know, there's almost an inability to not dunk on each other between Canadians and Americans, even, you know, 150 years after the war had broken out.

01:56:30.900 You know, they're still kind of tongue-in-cheek, like, making fun of each other, and this continues today.

01:56:35.380 So, you know, I don't bemoan a little bit of chirping between Americans and Canadians.

01:56:41.700 I just think it's part of who we are.

01:56:43.140 I think we kind of have to do it.

01:56:45.220 I think it's probably rooted in the Anglo nature of both of us.

01:56:49.120 If you, you know, you've had a lot of experience with Anglos, they love chirping. 0.99

01:56:53.460 We love shit-talking each other. 0.99

01:56:56.560 You know, the Australians are like this. 1.00

01:56:58.660 You see this, you know, between Americans and Canadians.

01:57:01.580 You see it between, you know, the English and the Scots.

01:57:05.960 And, like, it's just, yeah, there's just a desire to, you know, kind of, like, you know, dunk on one another.

01:57:11.200 So, it's important to remember that it's just who we are and not take it too seriously.

01:57:16.980 You know, there's, you know, it's the way we express ourselves.

01:57:20.460 But, yeah, obviously, we have the outbreak of war.

01:57:22.940 And so, part of what I was getting at earlier, you can see this in the early engagements in the war.

01:57:31.720 They almost all go in Canada's direction.

01:57:36.800 You know.

01:57:37.020 You know, all the early victories come for the Canadians or, you know, the British. 0.82

01:57:46.880 And America's caught flat-footed.

01:57:50.120 You know, they weren't mobilized.

01:57:52.820 They weren't really prepared for this, despite the ones being the ones that declared war and the ones who had been clamoring for it.

01:57:59.860 So, you know, this is, it's an interesting look at why governance by democratic bodies has an issue and why having capable commanders, you know, that have authoritarian influence and power is valuable.

01:58:20.220 You know, because Brock was able to be both the military and the civilian commander leading up to the war, he was able to make proper preparations.

01:58:29.040 And he's the reason why, you know, things went so smoothly for the Canadians early on in the war.

01:58:34.840 You know, the best example of this is the seizing at Fort Mackinac by some fur traders and some Indian allies at the direction of Brock. 0.83

01:58:50.360 Well, he was issued that command within, I think, a week of the, you know, the outbreak of hostilities, the declaration of war.

01:58:56.680 And a week later, they had captured Fort Mackinac.

01:58:59.780 And when they did, the defenders at Mackinac didn't even know they were at war.

01:59:05.680 They hadn't received that notification yet.

01:59:08.240 So, you know, the British were prepared.

01:59:11.780 The Americans were not. 0.97

01:59:15.300 You know, lessons there.

01:59:16.980 And that's largely because of governance style.

01:59:19.540 As the war got underway, American strategy called for a three-pronged attack on Canada.

01:59:31.860 One force would head north and capture Montreal.

01:59:35.700 Meanwhile, attacks from Detroit and Niagara would tie up other British forces.

01:59:41.020 But the key attack on Montreal was postponed because of lack of American troops.

01:59:45.860 And while preparations went on at Niagara, bold British Indian actions took key posts at Mishla Mackinac and Fort Dearborn.

01:59:55.380 Thus, the opening weeks of the war improved Britain's position.

02:00:01.300 At Dearborn, the Indians massacred the American defenders.

02:00:05.220 Meanwhile, General Brock, with admirable speed, hurried west to lay siege to Detroit,

02:00:15.240 where there was a large American force under General William Hull,

02:00:19.200 a commander who was paralyzed by fear and indecision.

02:00:23.800 General Hull's imagination was tormented by visions of whooping Indian hordes 1.00

02:00:28.660 descending on Detroit to torture and massacre women and children.

02:00:35.220 Hull's army was twice the size of the besieging force.

02:00:46.260 But he was so afraid of the Indians that on August 10th, he decided to surrender.

02:00:55.080 The victory of Detroit had removed another threat.

02:00:58.680 And now General Brock hurried back to face the American attack at Niagara.

02:01:01.920 All right.

02:01:04.720 Yeah.

02:01:07.200 So, you know, it kind of summarizes what I was just talking about,

02:01:09.960 which is that the Americans were not necessarily as prepared as they thought they were for the outbreak of war.

02:01:15.300 And also, you know, this ties, we've brought this up in the previous two episodes of this series,

02:01:21.640 that, you know, the American experience with the Redskins was much different than the Canadian experience with the Redskins,

02:01:29.940 which, you know, this harkens back to that line that was issued very on early on in the first episode that,

02:01:36.720 you know, for the French, the only good Indian was a living Indian that they could trade with. 0.94

02:01:40.240 To the British or the English, the only good Indian was a dead Indian because, you know, 1.00

02:01:44.540 they were trying to settle those lands and it just kept resulting in warfare.

02:01:49.480 So there was in the American psyche, there is this deep seated fear and loathing of the Redmen. 0.81

02:02:00.160 And the British used this to their advantage. 0.98

02:02:05.220 They capitalized both on the brutality of those tribes and on the fear that those tribes could generate. 0.55

02:02:15.480 Now, you could argue that this is something that they shouldn't have done.

02:02:20.420 And, you know, there's probably a good argument to that.

02:02:22.540 But when you understand that there was really no alternative, they needed the allies they could get.

02:02:28.940 You know, I don't know if this is mentioned in the.

02:02:32.840 I think it was mentioned at some point in this episode, but at the outbreak of war.

02:02:42.440 The American population outnumbered the Canadian population, something like 10 to 1.

02:02:47.920 So this idea that they were in trouble, the Canadians knew this, like there's there was a sense of like,

02:02:53.760 what how do you even overcome these these odds?

02:02:57.060 And so they needed every advantage they could get.

02:02:59.720 And, you know, the British were resourced.

02:03:01.320 Like you can say what you want about British imperial tactics,

02:03:05.520 but they were resourceful and very good at cultivating allies when needed and using them to their advantage.

02:03:12.200 So, yeah.

02:03:20.100 So where are we at here?

02:03:21.600 Sorry.

02:03:22.800 Queenston.

02:03:29.100 At Queenston, a force of 1,600 Americans crossed the Niagara River and gained a foothold on Canadian soil.

02:03:36.400 For a while, a small British force held them in check, but a large party of Americans managed to climb the cliffs to Queenston Heights.

02:03:46.760 In a British counterattack here, General Brock was killed.

02:03:50.280 The American vanguard held on, but New York militia across the river refused to come to their aid,

02:04:03.100 maintaining they would fight only on home soil.

02:04:06.500 And so the Americans were overwhelmingly defeated.

02:04:10.840 The Niagara invasion threat had ended in confusion and humiliation.

02:04:17.980 Yeah.

02:04:18.460 So, like I said, they don't really spend much time going into Brock and, like, why what he did was significant.

02:04:27.240 And, you know, there's a reason why there's so much named after him.

02:04:29.880 There's a reason why, you know, Canadians 50 to 100 years after this time period were referring to him as, you know,

02:04:37.580 our, you know, kind of George Washington type figure.

02:04:41.800 Because it was much, it wasn't so much necessarily his command in the war,

02:04:46.660 because obviously he was dead within five months of the outbreak of war.

02:04:53.020 But it was his preparations and his ability to see what was, what was coming.

02:05:01.020 That was important.

02:05:03.940 Raid siren also brought this up earlier.

02:05:07.480 But, yeah, part of the reason the Americans struggled, this is just brought up in that most recent clip,

02:05:11.960 is because most of their, there was no standing army or there wasn't supposed to be a standing army.

02:05:17.140 And most of what they had in terms of defensive forces were militia who would refuse to enter, you know, territory outside of their states.

02:05:24.880 So they, they, this counter, this problem continued to manifest repeatedly throughout the war,

02:05:35.220 but was particularly damaging early on whenever they could.

02:05:39.320 Like if the American militia would have crossed to Queenston, like that battle probably would have gone entirely differently.

02:05:44.160 So, a very key moment.

02:05:55.220 All right.

02:05:57.560 Yeah, 1813.

02:06:00.900 Now, Montreal became a target once again,

02:06:04.360 with an American force invading Quebec to clash with Canadians at Chateau-Gay.

02:06:08.860 Under Colonel de Salaberry, British and French-Canadian troops offered the Americans stubborn resistance

02:06:15.720 and forced their retreat.

02:06:18.640 Significantly, this was the first time that French and English had fought side by side in Canada.

02:06:29.680 Soon afterward, there was another thrust toward Montreal, down the St. Lawrence.

02:06:34.360 But at Chrysler's farm, a force of 800 British assailed some 2,000 Americans.

02:06:41.500 Despite superior equipment, the Americans were so badly mauled that they retreated across the river in disorder.

02:06:49.520 With winter coming, the war was over for 1813.

02:06:56.100 Yeah, so obviously two key battles there in 1813 for the Canadians.

02:07:00.760 The big one being Chateau-Gay, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Charles de Salaberry.

02:07:08.820 So, obviously the importance of it being that the first time that French and English Canadians fought as a united force against an invading force.

02:07:19.200 And I don't really like how they kind of gloss, they don't really get into why Charles de Salaberry was such an able commander

02:07:28.620 and why that worked, but, like, it was everything.

02:07:33.340 He used, like, all the hallmarks of a good general.

02:07:36.400 Like, being a hard-driving general, knowing the terrain, using psychology to your advantage,

02:07:43.180 being able to beat off a numerically advantaged force through those tactics.

02:07:49.300 Like, he was an excellent military figure and didn't really get the recognition until well after, you know, the war was over.

02:07:57.480 So, an underappreciated figure in Canadian history and an underappreciated moment.

02:08:03.520 Because, again, the importance of these battles, it shouldn't be minimized.

02:08:09.080 Like, yes, the scale of them is often quite small relative to things that you would see in the European theaters of this time period.

02:08:16.460 But if it wasn't for, you know, these small engagements going the way that they did, the outcome could have been disastrous.

02:08:27.340 So, you know, they take Montreal, boom, they cut off the St. Lawrence, and the British are out. 0.97

02:08:31.940 There's no reinforcements.

02:08:33.160 It's over.

02:08:34.320 They take Quebec, same thing, right? 0.56

02:08:36.120 So, these thrusts, you know, to take these key points are meaningful at this time period.

02:08:44.040 Especially in the context of, if you understand, in 1813, it's, like, at the height of war with Napoleon.

02:08:49.960 I think you're into the Sixth War of the Coalition.

02:08:54.600 And, yeah, like, within a year, Napoleon will be dethroned.

02:09:02.040 But, yeah.

02:09:06.040 But on land, there were new and better American commanders.

02:09:11.180 Once again, the Americans undertook an offensive. 0.87

02:09:14.140 Again, on the Niagara frontier.

02:09:15.820 First, Fort Erie fell.

02:09:19.160 And then, on July 5th, the Americans won a solid victory in the important Battle of Chippewa, forcing the British troops to retreat.

02:09:33.900 Two weeks later, at Lundy's Lane, the two sides met again in the war's most bloody battle.

02:09:45.820 The battle ended inconclusively, with heavy losses on both sides.

02:09:50.860 But the British held the field.

02:09:52.900 And the Americans, their navy still inactive, had to pull back to Fort Erie.

02:09:58.820 Here, they were soon under siege, just managing to beat off their attackers.

02:10:03.240 Yeah, so, that's essentially where the war ends in the Canadian experience, or at least the Canadian theater of the War of 1812.

02:10:19.780 After Lundy's Lane and the Americans being pushed back to Fort Erie, they don't attempt another encroachment onto Canadian soil.

02:10:28.040 So, for three years, the Americans are kept at bay by the British soldiers who were stationed in Canada and militia.

02:10:39.940 So, this is very different than the American Revolution, where initially they were held off by just the forces that were stationed there without any additional troops from Britain.

02:10:51.880 And, you know, but the way that eventually the British do send reinforcements in large number, and that's what, you know, ends up forcing the Americans to withdraw completely and abandon it, wasn't necessarily the case in the War of 1812.

02:11:06.820 So, this is where you get this kind of rumblings of loyalist pride, you know, Canadian pride, and that, you know, there was militiamen that were responsible, or at least in large part responsible, for ensuring that these American encroachments didn't have the success that they were looking for.

02:11:26.220 But, at this time period, you know, Napoleon has now been forced to advocate, I believe he's in exile in Elba by this time period, and so the British situation in Europe changed drastically. 0.94

02:11:44.800 And, there was a bit of an empire strikes back moment that comes in late 1814, early 1815, where, yeah, as you saw in the episode, some shit gets burned down.

02:12:04.960 In Paris, at the end of March, British troops were among the Allies who entered the city in triumph.

02:12:12.040 Together, they had won the war in Europe.

02:12:14.800 And Napoleon was on the run.

02:12:17.620 No longer would he tie up the bulk of Britain's army.

02:12:20.900 Now, Wellington, its commander, could turn his attention to America.

02:12:26.540 With veteran troops coming from Europe, Britain could attack again. 0.85

02:12:31.160 First, to capture far-off Prairie du Chien, controlling the upper Mississippi.

02:12:36.800 Then, in September, to occupy a large part of Maine with an expedition from Halifax.

02:12:42.380 But, the principal effort was to be an assault on the American invasion base of Plattsburgh.

02:12:48.400 So, you can see the British get to divert all of the forces that they had been required to keep, you know, in Europe to pin Napoleon down.

02:13:01.540 And now, they're able to draw their full attention to the United States.

02:13:04.900 And this, you know, to America's credit, they hold off a lot of these advances.

02:13:11.240 But their strategic aims, you know, for the war, sorry, their ulterior strategic goals of the war,

02:13:24.260 which was essentially taking control of all of the American continent under one banner.

02:13:30.500 Yeah, that dream was kind of over.

02:13:33.120 And so, now they're on the defensive footing for the remainder of the war.

02:13:36.600 And it doesn't go well for them.

02:13:40.100 Meanwhile, there had been another British initiative to the south,

02:13:43.980 where a powerful expeditionary force had sailed from Bermuda into Chesapeake Bay.

02:13:49.580 After landing, there was a brief battle,

02:13:52.140 in which poorly trained American militia fled from a smaller British force.

02:13:57.740 The British then put the torch to much of the city of Washington.

02:14:01.620 It was Britain's revenge for the burning of York in Upper Canada.

02:14:08.800 And as the Capitol, the White House, and other buildings went up in flames,

02:14:14.160 Americans bemoaned their worst military disgrace.

02:14:21.440 But the British triumph was brief.

02:14:24.640 In attempting to capture Baltimore, their commander, General Robert Ross, was killed.

02:14:29.460 His troops suffered severe casualties.

02:14:33.880 And once again, the soldiers looked to their Navy for vital assistance.

02:14:40.520 For 26 hours, the Royal Navy bombarded nearby Fort McHenry

02:14:45.300 with its dreaded new rockets to pave the way for an assault on Baltimore.

02:14:50.820 But the rockets' red glare and the bombs bursting in air were futile.

02:14:56.920 And the event inspired a witness to write the American National Anthem.

02:15:03.020 For when dawn came, he rejoiced that the flag was still there.

02:15:07.960 So, yeah, obviously an important moment for Americans there.

02:15:16.220 And, like, that's the root of the National Anthem.

02:15:18.300 But, yeah, you can see how, you know,

02:15:21.640 while they might be holding off British advances into American territory,

02:15:25.560 this is not really the purpose of the war.

02:15:27.720 The purpose of the war was to kick the British out of North America, 0.91

02:15:31.980 not, you know, defend yourselves from them.

02:15:35.420 So the strategic aims of the war were entirely lost at this point,

02:15:40.500 which ultimately, you know, leads them to sue for peace.

02:15:44.140 But, you know, they did hold their own.

02:15:47.700 And, obviously, you know, the largest American victory of the war

02:15:51.240 is the Battle of New Orleans,

02:15:52.640 which goes particularly horribly for the British.

02:15:55.660 But, yeah, again, an important moment.

02:15:58.100 So I'll just play the clip.

02:16:00.560 Far to the south, the British prepared another assault.

02:16:04.500 From the West Indies, they headed for New Orleans, 0.99

02:16:07.200 where they hoped to close the Mississippi.

02:16:09.920 But sharp-eyed riflemen from Kentucky and Tennessee

02:16:12.760 were waiting for them in strong positions.

02:16:16.320 In close ranks, the hapless British marched into withering fire, 0.99

02:16:21.280 led by officers who seemed to have learned little

02:16:24.120 since the Battle of Bunker Hill.

02:16:28.100 Under General Andrew Jackson,

02:16:32.120 the Americans killed or wounded 2,000 British,

02:16:36.040 losing only eight men themselves.

02:16:38.780 For the Americans, it was the greatest victory of the war,

02:16:42.480 and Andrew Jackson became a national hero.

02:16:45.240 So, obviously, you know, this battle is remembered.

02:16:53.640 It's probably the one that gets the most attention

02:16:56.040 for the War of 1812 when it comes to America.

02:16:59.300 The irony being that it happens in 1815

02:17:03.400 after peace had already been negotiated between America and Britain,

02:17:08.140 but it just hadn't been ratified by the Americans yet.

02:17:12.760 So there were still hostilities ongoing,

02:17:15.000 even though peace had been formally negotiated.

02:17:20.320 But what's interesting, too, about that battle is,

02:17:23.580 so, you know, this is kind of the deeper history stuff,

02:17:26.900 and, like, you have to go beyond just watching these series

02:17:30.380 to, you know, find these little tidbits.

02:17:32.580 But, you know, there's one of the generals

02:17:36.160 that was in charge of British forces at New Orleans

02:17:39.200 was General Pakenham.

02:17:41.540 And, again, like, that's, like, that's,

02:17:44.280 there's a town in the Ottawa Valley called Pakenham.

02:17:49.020 Boy, that's where it gets its name from.

02:17:50.980 So you'll see this again, like, you know,

02:17:53.660 Wellington, Simcoe, like, you watch all of these,

02:17:59.240 if you listen carefully, obviously,

02:18:00.880 throughout all of these clips and this episode,

02:18:03.740 you'll hear all these names.

02:18:04.880 Brock, obviously, DeSalibary is another one.

02:18:08.900 You know, these names pop up everywhere in Canada,

02:18:12.360 and most people don't know where they're from at all.

02:18:14.620 And that's sad, right?

02:18:17.600 AWF Milton says there's a ski hole there.

02:18:19.460 Yeah, yeah.

02:18:21.620 It's a beautiful little town.

02:18:24.180 But the point is, like, I just bring that up as,

02:18:28.440 you know, this is where these names come from.

02:18:30.840 These are, the reason why it's called Pakenham

02:18:33.120 is because he died in service of the British Empire

02:18:36.080 in this war.

02:18:38.520 You know, whether he was a capable commander or not

02:18:41.380 is not really the point.

02:18:42.680 The point is that he made the ultimate sacrifice

02:18:44.980 as one of the commanders of British forces.

02:18:46.980 And so, like, he was honored.

02:18:48.300 And, like, that's why that has its name.

02:18:50.400 And this continues everywhere.

02:18:51.860 Wellington, right?

02:18:53.220 How many people?

02:18:54.960 Here's an interesting question, just, you know,

02:18:56.940 to paint some color.

02:18:59.400 Everybody, a lot of people listening here at some point

02:19:02.140 probably went to the Freedom Convoy, right?

02:19:05.400 Right?

02:19:05.620 And if you did, you would have spent probably most of your time there

02:19:11.040 on a street called Wellington.

02:19:13.040 And if you asked the 50,000 people there on a Saturday

02:19:17.260 walking down Wellington Street,

02:19:19.280 why is it named Wellington Street?

02:19:21.000 They would have no clue.

02:19:23.060 They would just be like, oh, I have no idea.

02:19:25.540 They wouldn't know who that man was, what he did,

02:19:28.560 why it's named that, why it's important, why.

02:19:31.160 And that's part of the problem here that we have as Canadians

02:19:34.460 is that we don't appreciate this stuff.

02:19:36.340 We don't know why things are the way they are.

02:19:38.340 We've lost this sense of self.

02:19:39.820 And the important thing here is that that was not always the case

02:19:45.220 because these towns, these roads, these institutions,

02:19:50.180 all of these things were named by us.

02:19:54.480 They were named by us.

02:19:59.180 So we did understand the importance of this.

02:20:02.180 We did have an identity at one point.

02:20:04.400 It wasn't astroturfed.

02:20:05.840 It wasn't fake.

02:20:06.660 These are people who knew where they were, what they came,

02:20:09.700 where they came from and what they valued.

02:20:11.760 And we have lost that.

02:20:13.780 So that's why I wanted to bring up that little tidbit about Pakenham,

02:20:18.200 even though, you know, was he really that significant?

02:20:21.100 No.

02:20:21.560 Was he really, you know, that important in the Canadian context?

02:20:24.900 No, but it actually has a lot of significance

02:20:27.280 because you'll see these everywhere,

02:20:28.940 whether it's Radisson, Lavarandri,

02:20:31.660 these names that pop up throughout these series,

02:20:33.960 these names mean something.

02:20:35.160 These people sacrificed a lot to give us what we have,

02:20:38.940 and we don't even know who they are.

02:20:41.420 A lot of us don't know anything about them,

02:20:43.960 that they even existed.

02:20:46.520 So, yeah.

02:20:49.900 All right.

02:20:50.480 So now we come, we're getting to the,

02:20:55.060 obviously, I already mentioned that peace had been negotiated in Vienna,

02:20:58.640 as part of the Treaty of Vienna,

02:21:00.420 which was the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars.

02:21:02.940 Peace had been negotiated between America and the British.

02:21:07.360 Hostilities continued somewhat for another few months before wrapping up.

02:21:13.960 Eventually, things are concluded entirely by 1818,

02:21:18.580 when a naval treaty is signed between the British and the Americans,

02:21:24.600 specifically regarding the Great Lakes.

02:21:26.320 But, yeah.

02:21:27.920 The point is that things are wrapping up here,

02:21:30.740 and you can see that,

02:21:32.560 you know,

02:21:34.760 the identities of these two nations

02:21:40.280 are really beginning to solidify in this time period.

02:21:44.040 You know, after,

02:21:46.260 you know,

02:21:46.540 in the Canadian experience,

02:21:48.480 the French,

02:21:49.220 like,

02:21:49.680 we often forget that,

02:21:51.420 you know,

02:21:51.700 despite the fact that

02:21:52.700 the nation was formed peacefully

02:21:55.280 through negotiations

02:21:56.460 with imperial powers,

02:21:58.280 you know,

02:21:58.420 with the crown,

02:21:59.980 you know,

02:22:00.180 that ultimately,

02:22:01.440 through multiple conferences,

02:22:03.140 you know,

02:22:04.520 Charlottes,

02:22:05.220 Charlottetown,

02:22:06.900 Quebec and London conferences,

02:22:10.080 you know,

02:22:10.860 our independence is negotiated,

02:22:13.120 you know,

02:22:13.340 with limitations,

02:22:14.200 blah, blah, blah.

02:22:14.720 And so there's often this kind of belief

02:22:16.880 that Canadian identity lacks a certain something

02:22:19.300 because it wasn't forged through conflict

02:22:21.580 the way that identity usually is,

02:22:24.600 frankly.

02:22:25.260 Usually it requires some kind of other

02:22:27.680 to solidify what you are.

02:22:30.720 This is certainly the case for the Americans 1.00

02:22:32.220 who kind of formulate their identity

02:22:34.340 in opposition to,

02:22:35.580 you know,

02:22:35.920 their,

02:22:36.140 their progenitor

02:22:37.860 or,

02:22:40.940 you know,

02:22:41.100 the Germans in opposition to the French

02:22:42.860 or the French in opposition to Rome

02:22:44.860 or whatever it is,

02:22:45.800 right?

02:22:47.900 There's this notion that you need another.

02:22:51.080 So there's this kind of belief that,

02:22:52.680 you know,

02:22:52.860 Canadian identity kind of lacks that

02:22:54.440 because it was,

02:22:55.260 you know,

02:22:56.020 our separation from the empire was done

02:22:57.860 peacefully through negotiation

02:23:00.800 and the pen

02:23:01.340 as opposed to,

02:23:02.220 you know,

02:23:02.520 the,

02:23:02.900 the sword and the musket.

02:23:05.040 This is a delusion.

02:23:07.360 It shows a complete lack of understanding

02:23:09.700 of Canadian history

02:23:10.720 that the whole purpose of Canadian identity

02:23:13.600 was not to break away from

02:23:15.960 the British Empire

02:23:17.660 or our,

02:23:18.560 our forebears,

02:23:22.920 that it was to maintain a connection

02:23:24.540 and that the violence

02:23:26.660 that was required

02:23:28.400 for the Canadian identity to formulate

02:23:29.980 was done through three wars,

02:23:31.680 the French and Indian War,

02:23:33.160 the American Revolution.

02:23:34.140 And,

02:23:34.820 you know,

02:23:35.420 the one that really solidifies it

02:23:37.120 is the War of 1812

02:23:38.220 where you get the coming together

02:23:40.400 of French and English Canadians

02:23:42.900 in defiance

02:23:44.820 of American encroachment

02:23:46.460 into British North America.

02:23:48.000 The loyalist identity

02:23:49.720 is the Canadian identity.

02:23:52.140 It's formed in,

02:23:53.140 in the same way

02:23:53.880 the American identity

02:23:55.060 is formed in opposition

02:23:56.040 to the British,

02:23:57.000 the Canadian identity

02:23:57.940 is formed in opposition

02:23:58.860 to the American.

02:23:59.540 This is essential

02:24:01.540 for people to understand.

02:24:03.280 And so it was paid for in blood.

02:24:05.280 This identity is real.

02:24:06.920 It does mean something.

02:24:09.680 Despite what they might tell you,

02:24:11.280 despite,

02:24:11.740 you know,

02:24:12.280 what,

02:24:12.560 whatever,

02:24:13.100 you know,

02:24:13.900 racial minority

02:24:14.720 they might throw on the screen

02:24:15.960 to tell you that,

02:24:16.800 you know,

02:24:17.040 Canadian identity

02:24:17.740 means everyone from everywhere

02:24:19.280 and anything at any time.

02:24:20.940 It's not true.

02:24:23.320 And if people knew their history,

02:24:25.060 they would realize this.

02:24:26.060 And this is why,

02:24:26.860 obviously,

02:24:27.340 that there's been,

02:24:27.880 there's been a concerted effort

02:24:29.040 to abandon Canadian,

02:24:30.720 you know,

02:24:31.100 history and,

02:24:31.920 and not showcase these stories

02:24:33.540 because if they did,

02:24:35.840 you know,

02:24:36.340 people would come to realize,

02:24:37.620 oh,

02:24:37.860 we've been sold a lot.

02:24:39.120 Yes,

02:24:39.340 you have been sold a lot.

02:24:41.660 So,

02:24:42.340 we'll,

02:24:43.680 go through the,

02:24:45.380 the negotiation

02:24:46.640 kind of segment of this now

02:24:48.380 and wrap it up here.

02:24:51.400 But well before New Orleans,

02:24:53.300 President Madison

02:24:54.060 had wanted peace.

02:24:55.640 The whole Atlantic coast

02:24:57.160 was now effectively blockaded

02:24:58.660 by the Royal Navy.

02:25:00.500 And even before the war,

02:25:02.580 hostility between Britain

02:25:03.780 and the United States

02:25:05.000 had led to depression

02:25:06.520 along the New England coast

02:25:07.960 with idle ships

02:25:09.400 and empty docks.

02:25:11.780 Before blockade,

02:25:13.140 there had been embargo

02:25:14.560 imposed by Washington

02:25:16.380 to deny Britain 0.60

02:25:17.480 the benefits of American goods.

02:25:19.840 This had led to strong

02:25:21.320 anti-war sentiment

02:25:22.320 in New England

02:25:23.040 where the merchants

02:25:24.380 could not understand

02:25:25.660 patriotism

02:25:26.960 without profit. 0.96

02:25:31.620 The cursed,

02:25:33.060 oh,

02:25:33.280 grab me,

02:25:34.560 embargo spelled backwards,

02:25:36.320 was a government regulation

02:25:37.800 with teeth

02:25:38.460 that gave Yankee traders

02:25:40.300 the proverbial pain.

02:25:42.560 They had never seen

02:25:43.400 anything wrong

02:25:44.160 with a spot

02:25:44.780 of profitable trade

02:25:45.920 with the British.

02:25:47.280 And even during the war,

02:25:48.880 there was large-scale

02:25:49.860 smuggling

02:25:50.320 from New England ports

02:25:51.560 that helped to supply

02:25:52.740 the redcoats in Canada.

02:25:57.220 It even looked as though

02:25:58.580 old King George III

02:25:59.960 might win back

02:26:00.960 some of his

02:26:01.540 pre-revolutionary subjects,

02:26:03.660 for distraught

02:26:04.400 New England leaders

02:26:05.260 were openly suggesting

02:26:07.040 secession

02:26:07.660 and a separate peace.

02:26:14.220 So there you go.

02:26:15.620 The reason I included

02:26:16.500 that clip 0.50

02:26:17.000 is to just show that,

02:26:18.160 again,

02:26:18.700 the American,

02:26:19.420 the aims of the war

02:26:23.140 were conflicting

02:26:24.200 among some people.

02:26:25.760 If it was to end

02:26:27.240 the,

02:26:27.660 you know,

02:26:28.120 embargo

02:26:28.660 that the British

02:26:29.840 had on Europe

02:26:31.120 at the time,

02:26:31.620 well,

02:26:31.720 that was already over.

02:26:32.780 So why continue

02:26:34.180 fighting this war?

02:26:34.840 If it was about

02:26:35.980 the Indian scourge, 1.00

02:26:36.920 well, 0.89

02:26:37.020 that had largely

02:26:37.500 been taken care of.

02:26:38.440 So what was the justification

02:26:39.840 for the,

02:26:40.200 the British obviously

02:26:41.280 weren't,

02:26:42.040 you know,

02:26:42.880 conscripting,

02:26:43.920 not conscripting,

02:26:45.500 you know,

02:26:47.000 pressing,

02:26:47.560 press ganging

02:26:48.140 Americans or,

02:26:49.420 you know,

02:26:50.160 British deserters 0.68

02:26:51.000 back into service

02:26:51.800 into the Royal Navy.

02:26:52.720 So what was the

02:26:54.000 continued point of the war,

02:26:55.160 especially whenever

02:26:55.880 they were on the back foot?

02:26:57.300 So,

02:26:57.860 you know,

02:26:58.280 the,

02:26:58.440 the kind of cause

02:26:59.280 was lost.

02:27:00.020 The justifications

02:27:01.180 weren't there anymore.

02:27:03.400 And obviously,

02:27:04.180 as we saw at the end

02:27:05.240 of the video,

02:27:06.140 America was largely 0.65

02:27:06.900 on the back foot.

02:27:07.660 They were the ones

02:27:08.280 being invaded

02:27:08.880 at that point,

02:27:09.660 not,

02:27:10.040 you know,

02:27:10.580 Canada.

02:27:11.060 So,

02:27:11.840 you know,

02:27:12.660 there's a desire

02:27:13.340 for peace.

02:27:14.280 amongst a good

02:27:19.800 chunk of the 0.51

02:27:20.660 American population 0.97

02:27:21.520 by that point.

02:27:26.440 British delegates

02:27:27.400 at the peace talks

02:27:28.360 did not fail

02:27:29.600 to press the advantage

02:27:30.720 their victories

02:27:31.360 had given them.

02:27:32.820 The retention

02:27:33.660 of Mishla Mackinac

02:27:35.000 and part of Maine,

02:27:36.560 plus a strip

02:27:37.240 east of Niagara,

02:27:38.140 would improve

02:27:39.200 Canadian communications.

02:27:40.260 And the old idea

02:27:42.620 of an Indian

02:27:43.280 buffer state

02:27:43.980 came up again.

02:27:45.740 There were even hints

02:27:46.720 of renewed war

02:27:47.980 if the Americans

02:27:49.340 rejected these demands.

02:27:54.620 But again,

02:27:55.820 events overseas

02:27:56.700 swung the balance.

02:27:58.460 In her triumphal entry

02:27:59.700 of Paris

02:28:00.300 after Napoleon's defeat,

02:28:02.820 Britain had had 0.94

02:28:03.620 several allies.

02:28:05.560 But at Vienna,

02:28:06.660 where peace was

02:28:07.260 to be made with France, 0.98

02:28:09.040 conflicting ambitions

02:28:10.060 among these allies

02:28:11.020 came to light.

02:28:12.820 In the autumn

02:28:13.660 of 1814,

02:28:15.680 the shadow of war

02:28:16.940 fell across

02:28:17.560 the conference table,

02:28:19.140 with Russian bayonets

02:28:20.220 pointing at Poland 0.68

02:28:21.080 and Prussian bayonets

02:28:22.820 at Saxony.

02:28:24.300 In time,

02:28:25.820 the threat faded,

02:28:27.420 but it affected

02:28:28.340 Britain's whole posture 0.85

02:28:29.540 in America.

02:28:34.380 Dangers in Europe

02:28:35.560 would make it difficult

02:28:36.940 to spare troops

02:28:37.820 for America,

02:28:38.400 so Viscount Castlereagh,

02:28:40.600 Britain's foreign minister,

02:28:42.000 was advised by Wellington

02:28:43.300 to make a quick peace

02:28:44.740 with the United States

02:28:45.840 without annexations.

02:28:48.880 Thus,

02:28:49.260 Britain's conquests 0.97

02:28:50.220 were abandoned

02:28:50.920 and the border adjustments

02:28:52.720 were forgotten.

02:28:54.440 Once again,

02:28:55.780 Canada's needs

02:28:56.580 had ranked low

02:28:57.520 on Britain's list

02:28:58.360 of priorities.

02:28:59.020 countries.

02:29:01.160 Yeah.

02:29:02.440 So you can see

02:29:03.360 that when it came

02:29:04.940 to negotiations

02:29:05.740 with America directly,

02:29:07.560 Britain had the advantage 1.00

02:29:08.540 in that they were the ones

02:29:09.920 pressing their advantage.

02:29:11.180 They were the ones

02:29:12.020 who were now blockading

02:29:13.100 American ports.

02:29:13.880 They were the ones

02:29:14.620 that had footholds

02:29:16.320 in American territory

02:29:17.360 and the Americans

02:29:18.060 had, you know,

02:29:19.060 not one troop

02:29:19.900 in Canadian territory,

02:29:20.860 so they had the advantage.

02:29:22.680 Now, again,

02:29:24.160 the importance

02:29:25.020 of the context

02:29:25.680 of Europe

02:29:26.160 always hangs large

02:29:28.280 over, you know,

02:29:29.100 the North American experience.

02:29:31.280 Britain is forced 0.70

02:29:32.340 to accept favorable terms

02:29:33.760 to the Americans

02:29:34.380 because of potential

02:29:36.040 hostilities

02:29:36.640 breaking out

02:29:37.380 in Europe again.

02:29:39.100 Now,

02:29:40.820 they don't ultimately,

02:29:43.640 but the threat

02:29:44.180 of it was enough

02:29:44.920 to convince the British

02:29:45.780 to just conclude,

02:29:46.860 you know,

02:29:47.100 a peace that maybe

02:29:47.960 wasn't as advantageous

02:29:49.200 to them as it could have been

02:29:50.180 if they had wanted it

02:29:51.760 a little bit more

02:29:52.920 and were willing

02:29:53.340 to commit more resources

02:29:54.400 to it.

02:29:55.620 But, you know,

02:29:57.180 that's history.

02:30:03.680 All that being said,

02:30:05.080 there was another point

02:30:07.160 I was going to make

02:30:07.680 on that.

02:30:09.100 And, yeah,

02:30:11.400 after this time period,

02:30:12.560 obviously,

02:30:13.600 Europe experiences

02:30:17.440 one of its most

02:30:18.260 peaceful centuries

02:30:19.260 relatively

02:30:20.220 that it had

02:30:22.280 in hundreds of years.

02:30:25.240 Maybe,

02:30:26.020 arguably,

02:30:27.220 the most peaceful

02:30:28.440 century up to that point

02:30:29.940 in the European experience.

02:30:31.800 And the reason is

02:30:32.760 because there just

02:30:34.260 was not these

02:30:34.980 major outbreaks

02:30:36.280 of war

02:30:37.040 and these entangling

02:30:37.760 alliances,

02:30:38.420 again,

02:30:38.560 until World War I,

02:30:40.980 more or less.

02:30:42.020 Obviously,

02:30:42.360 there were some

02:30:42.900 minor engagements.

02:30:43.900 There was the Crimean War,

02:30:44.900 the Franco-Prussian War,

02:30:46.200 but it hadn't really

02:30:47.220 sucked in, 0.85

02:30:48.020 you know,

02:30:48.960 the entirety

02:30:49.520 of the European continent

02:30:50.680 the way some of these

02:30:51.560 wars up to that point had.

02:30:53.380 But the threat still loomed large.

02:30:55.480 So,

02:30:56.000 obviously,

02:30:56.720 at the conclusion of peace

02:30:59.060 in 1818,

02:31:00.760 at least between America

02:31:01.700 and Canada,

02:31:02.220 the idea that that was going

02:31:03.860 to last a long time

02:31:04.980 was,

02:31:05.360 you know,

02:31:06.220 delusional to most people.

02:31:08.200 So,

02:31:08.800 but,

02:31:10.640 yeah,

02:31:11.080 you can see that,

02:31:12.140 you know,

02:31:13.960 this is where you get

02:31:14.800 this kind of lull

02:31:15.900 and this kind of

02:31:18.420 gestation period

02:31:19.700 for these two nations

02:31:21.580 where there's not as much

02:31:23.620 upheaval and turmoil

02:31:24.580 and so the identities

02:31:25.920 really begin to solidify

02:31:27.200 and obviously expansion

02:31:29.540 is more focused

02:31:30.360 towards the West

02:31:31.160 as opposed to

02:31:31.780 against one another.

02:31:33.940 But we'll come back

02:31:35.660 to that in episode four.

02:31:37.180 The last thing

02:31:39.640 I want to go over here

02:31:40.500 though is just

02:31:41.000 I find these clips funny

02:31:42.300 for a lot of reasons

02:31:43.980 but

02:31:44.280 these next two

02:31:45.780 in particular

02:31:46.320 you can just see

02:31:47.280 again,

02:31:48.260 it's like we talked about

02:31:49.260 a couple times so far.

02:31:52.600 There's just this

02:31:53.520 inherent desire

02:31:54.700 to dunk on one another

02:31:56.020 to kind of

02:31:56.660 one up each other

02:31:57.540 to,

02:31:58.840 you know,

02:31:59.740 gloat at each other's

02:32:00.840 shortcomings

02:32:01.400 or failures.

02:32:04.000 You can,

02:32:04.800 maybe this is a,

02:32:06.060 I think it is

02:32:06.820 probably largely

02:32:07.660 an Anglo thing

02:32:08.500 but it's funny

02:32:10.200 seeing

02:32:10.660 what,

02:32:12.680 you know,

02:32:12.880 two Anglo peoples

02:32:14.180 that are,

02:32:14.800 you know,

02:32:15.300 basically indistinguishable

02:32:16.340 from each other

02:32:16.900 like,

02:32:18.140 you know,

02:32:19.200 needing to kind of

02:32:21.200 paint each other

02:32:21.940 like this.

02:32:22.520 It is funny

02:32:23.160 but yeah,

02:32:24.460 and again too

02:32:25.500 the way the Americans 0.67

02:32:26.540 kind of claim victory

02:32:27.820 out of not,

02:32:29.420 you know,

02:32:29.980 achieving defeat

02:32:30.840 is kind of funny.

02:32:33.240 You can see that

02:32:34.380 early American chauvinism

02:32:35.800 kind of creeping in

02:32:36.700 and I personally

02:32:37.880 love it.

02:32:38.560 I think it's amazing.

02:32:40.820 It rubs some Canadians

02:32:42.120 the wrong way

02:32:42.880 but I don't,

02:32:44.520 they take it more

02:32:45.260 personally I think

02:32:46.000 whereas I see it

02:32:46.760 as more of like

02:32:47.340 that's just Americans 0.95

02:32:48.200 being Americans.

02:32:49.540 At the end of December

02:32:50.960 1814,

02:32:52.720 peace was signed.

02:32:54.340 A happy outcome

02:32:55.080 for American war hawks

02:32:56.480 like Henry Clay

02:32:57.320 who were quick

02:32:58.400 to proclaim

02:32:59.000 this failure to lose

02:33:00.180 as a victory.

02:33:00.880 victory for America

02:33:07.600 with the eagle

02:33:08.800 screaming joyously

02:33:10.060 in self-congratulation.

02:33:13.460 Yeah.

02:33:14.940 An eagle screaming

02:33:16.460 victoriously

02:33:17.300 in self-congratulation

02:33:18.840 is like

02:33:19.560 the most American

02:33:20.360 sentence ever

02:33:21.560 I feel like.

02:33:23.820 But even that

02:33:24.780 is like,

02:33:25.300 you know,

02:33:25.600 I see that

02:33:27.580 and I laugh

02:33:28.320 and I'm like

02:33:28.640 that's so true

02:33:29.400 about Americans

02:33:30.160 and then I realize

02:33:31.040 like wait

02:33:31.420 this was made

02:33:32.260 by Canadians

02:33:33.280 for a Canadian audience

02:33:34.440 so it's like

02:33:35.000 is this just us?

02:33:36.280 Like is this my own

02:33:37.180 bias creeping in here

02:33:38.160 and this is us

02:33:38.840 dunking on Americans 0.55

02:33:40.120 and you're like 1.00

02:33:40.560 fucking chauvinists 1.00

02:33:41.520 like you lost. 1.00

02:33:44.280 You know what I mean?

02:33:45.220 Even like,

02:33:47.600 you know,

02:33:47.800 Henry Clay

02:33:48.440 quick, 0.77

02:33:49.060 if you remember

02:33:50.160 Henry Clay

02:33:50.840 and the Warhawks

02:33:51.600 earlier in the episode,

02:33:53.160 you know,

02:33:53.300 they're the ones

02:33:53.880 whose ultimate goal 0.96

02:33:54.980 is to kick Britain

02:33:56.240 entirely out of

02:33:57.440 North America

02:33:58.100 for them to have

02:33:59.700 no influence

02:34:00.440 on the continent

02:34:01.060 and now that they've

02:34:02.500 managed to secure

02:34:03.940 peace under

02:34:05.140 somewhat favorable

02:34:06.760 conditions

02:34:07.460 but only because

02:34:08.640 of the situation

02:34:09.560 in Europe

02:34:10.020 and not because

02:34:10.740 they had achieved

02:34:11.460 any tangible objectives

02:34:12.700 on,

02:34:13.280 you know,

02:34:13.740 Canadian soil.

02:34:14.480 You know,

02:34:15.080 they cry victory,

02:34:16.720 right?

02:34:17.100 It's such an American 0.98

02:34:18.120 thing.

02:34:19.740 It's the kind of thing

02:34:20.680 that you would see

02:34:21.200 with like,

02:34:21.880 you know,

02:34:23.540 Vietnam

02:34:23.980 or maybe

02:34:26.440 you can make the case

02:34:27.300 of maybe Iraq

02:34:28.180 or something like that

02:34:29.120 where,

02:34:29.720 you know,

02:34:30.220 well,

02:34:30.720 that's a victory,

02:34:32.180 boys.

02:34:32.520 It's like,

02:34:33.180 was it?

02:34:33.940 Like,

02:34:34.180 did you achieve

02:34:34.860 any of your

02:34:35.980 strategic goals

02:34:37.320 or did you just

02:34:38.540 not entirely lose?

02:34:39.920 You know what I mean?

02:34:43.100 But,

02:34:43.740 you know,

02:34:44.080 frankly,

02:34:44.480 this is,

02:34:46.100 you know,

02:34:47.360 you could blame

02:34:47.820 Americans for that

02:34:48.520 but England

02:34:49.080 is also kind

02:34:50.100 of like this.

02:34:51.880 You know,

02:34:52.460 the English

02:34:53.020 were the

02:34:53.740 propaganda masters

02:34:55.040 of the modern era.

02:34:57.560 So,

02:34:58.460 you know,

02:34:58.700 it wasn't just

02:34:59.100 the Americans

02:34:59.680 engaging in this

02:35:00.580 kind of,

02:35:01.360 you know,

02:35:03.400 self-indulgent

02:35:04.500 congratulations.

02:35:05.980 It was also

02:35:06.380 the British

02:35:06.820 who did,

02:35:08.760 you know,

02:35:09.440 ostensibly

02:35:09.980 the whole purpose

02:35:10.800 of engaging

02:35:11.480 in some of the

02:35:12.200 actions that they

02:35:12.880 were engaging in,

02:35:13.720 whether it was

02:35:14.940 backing the,

02:35:15.680 you know,

02:35:17.720 the,

02:35:17.960 the Indians

02:35:19.340 or attempting

02:35:20.540 to,

02:35:21.060 like,

02:35:21.380 why did you,

02:35:22.020 why did you try

02:35:22.700 to take New Orleans?

02:35:24.420 Well,

02:35:24.880 obviously,

02:35:25.200 the intention

02:35:25.720 of the British

02:35:26.240 was to bring

02:35:27.600 America back

02:35:28.620 into,

02:35:29.060 you know,

02:35:29.780 their orbit

02:35:30.320 or directly

02:35:31.440 under their control

02:35:32.340 and they failed

02:35:33.280 miserably at that

02:35:34.180 as well.

02:35:34.760 So,

02:35:35.040 and then you get

02:35:35.440 them kind of

02:35:36.080 congratulating

02:35:36.820 themselves about

02:35:37.580 it being victory.

02:35:38.400 So,

02:35:38.560 it kind of goes

02:35:38.980 both ways.

02:35:39.620 But,

02:35:40.260 yeah,

02:35:40.520 this next,

02:35:41.060 this next clip

02:35:41.800 is long,

02:35:42.680 but I love it

02:35:43.540 because this is,

02:35:44.500 this is kind of

02:35:45.380 the crescendo

02:35:47.340 of what I've been

02:35:48.240 talking about a lot

02:35:49.100 this episode,

02:35:49.660 which is just

02:35:50.240 this desire

02:35:50.880 to dunk

02:35:51.400 on each other.

02:35:53.320 So,

02:35:53.840 yeah.

02:35:53.960 For true patriots,

02:36:01.060 however,

02:36:02.100 there were lush

02:36:02.800 lithographs

02:36:03.680 to commemorate

02:36:04.380 the glories

02:36:04.980 of dying

02:36:05.640 for the young nation.

02:36:07.540 For as the heroes

02:36:08.320 expired on the

02:36:09.200 quarter deck,

02:36:10.240 the trumpets

02:36:10.820 proclaimed the humbling

02:36:12.020 of a wicked Britannia.

02:36:18.520 The horrors

02:36:19.560 of Indian scalpings

02:36:20.780 approved by the British

02:36:21.860 were also remembered

02:36:23.220 by artists of the time,

02:36:25.180 as was the revenge

02:36:26.320 by Colonel Johnson

02:36:27.320 in killing a Tecumseh

02:36:29.140 who was depicted

02:36:30.300 as especially ugly.

02:36:35.460 The burning of Washington

02:36:37.100 continued to burn

02:36:38.500 in American memories

02:36:39.680 with special loathing

02:36:41.320 reserved for Admiral Coburn,

02:36:43.260 who had himself painted,

02:36:45.000 as he put it,

02:36:46.220 with the flames of Washington

02:36:47.720 warming my backside. 0.50

02:36:50.440 And there was vengeance

02:36:51.680 in a massive outpouring

02:36:53.080 of caricature

02:36:53.880 in which wicked John Bull

02:36:56.000 was stung

02:36:57.040 by American wasps

02:36:58.400 and hornets.

02:37:13.680 And a bloody nose

02:37:15.180 was what George III got

02:37:16.700 for squaring off

02:37:17.940 with a nimble Yankee.

02:37:24.620 For other British villains,

02:37:26.820 nasty tonics

02:37:27.660 and a variety

02:37:29.080 of indignities.

02:37:29.980 Yeah, so you can see it

02:37:39.340 go both ways there, right?

02:37:40.920 So the two that

02:37:42.720 in that sequence

02:37:43.820 that I think

02:37:44.340 are the funniest

02:37:45.020 are General Coburn,

02:37:47.080 right?

02:37:48.580 Literally has himself,

02:37:50.300 so this is a,

02:37:51.060 this is a,

02:37:51.720 is it admirable

02:37:52.540 or admiral

02:37:53.580 or general?

02:37:54.160 I think it's,

02:37:54.740 sorry,

02:37:55.060 Admiral Coburn,

02:37:55.960 right?

02:37:57.000 So Admiral Coburn

02:37:58.300 burns down Washington,

02:37:59.880 then commissions

02:38:01.040 a painting of himself

02:38:02.660 with Washington

02:38:03.500 burning in the background

02:38:04.720 and then proclaims

02:38:06.300 that he's warming

02:38:07.160 his backside 0.56

02:38:08.180 with the flames 0.69

02:38:08.860 of Washington.

02:38:09.880 Like, 1.00

02:38:10.180 what a dick, 1.00

02:38:10.800 what a dick move. 1.00

02:38:14.380 See what I mean? 0.99

02:38:15.220 It's not just

02:38:15.780 the Americans

02:38:16.440 that engage

02:38:17.180 in this show,

02:38:17.780 but it's a,

02:38:18.200 it's an Anglo thing 0.94

02:38:19.240 of like, 1.00

02:38:19.880 fuck, 1.00

02:38:20.280 fuck you, 1.00

02:38:21.460 I'm gonna warm up 1.00

02:38:22.140 my butt 0.99

02:38:22.720 with your burning city, 1.00

02:38:24.460 right?

02:38:25.060 There's your White House

02:38:25.940 on fire,

02:38:26.580 I'm gonna warm 0.99

02:38:26.960 my ass with it. 1.00

02:38:28.420 Like, 1.00

02:38:28.720 commission a painting

02:38:31.380 of that,

02:38:31.900 like, 1.00

02:38:32.120 you egotistical fuck. 1.00

02:38:34.120 But then on the other side, 1.00

02:38:36.200 you'll see like,

02:38:37.060 you know,

02:38:37.360 King George

02:38:37.900 getting a bloody nose

02:38:39.080 from the nimble Yankee

02:38:40.320 and it's like,

02:38:42.680 wait a,

02:38:43.080 wait a second,

02:38:44.040 didn't you,

02:38:44.920 you're the one

02:38:45.780 that declared the war,

02:38:47.300 you're the one

02:38:47.900 that ended

02:38:48.420 with British troops

02:38:49.380 on your soil,

02:38:50.240 like,

02:38:50.380 what do you mean

02:38:50.740 you gave us the bloody,

02:38:51.680 you see this desire

02:38:53.000 to like paint it

02:38:53.800 in a favorable light

02:38:54.880 in the way it's like,

02:38:55.640 ha ha, 0.99

02:38:56.480 we fucking showed you, 1.00

02:38:58.320 Britain, 1.00

02:38:58.960 get a little punch 0.98

02:39:00.180 on the nose there, 0.98

02:39:01.420 mugger.

02:39:02.280 It's like,

02:39:02.920 what?

02:39:04.620 So I don't know,

02:39:05.480 I think it's all,

02:39:06.260 you know,

02:39:06.500 in hindsight

02:39:07.080 or in modernity,

02:39:08.160 it's all in good fun,

02:39:09.160 but you could see

02:39:09.780 how they were kind of,

02:39:10.860 you know,

02:39:11.180 demonizing and mocking 0.99

02:39:12.360 and just being dicks 0.99

02:39:14.100 generally to one another. 0.98

02:39:19.900 Crisby says,

02:39:20.860 yeah,

02:39:21.000 but you were being like

02:39:21.880 gay and British and stuff.

02:39:23.160 So yeah,

02:39:23.800 yeah,

02:39:24.000 exactly.

02:39:24.480 See,

02:39:24.840 it continues today.

02:39:25.960 It'll never end.

02:39:28.920 And I love it.

02:39:29.940 I love it personally.

02:39:32.040 It's a great rivalry

02:39:33.260 that should continue.

02:39:35.480 It would be so boring

02:39:36.800 if it was just one thing.

02:39:38.560 Wouldn't that be boring?

02:39:42.660 Yeah.

02:39:43.280 All right.

02:39:44.020 And then,

02:39:44.720 you know,

02:39:44.960 this last clip,

02:39:46.020 it's again,

02:39:46.340 it's a long one,

02:39:47.080 but this is an,

02:39:47.780 this is the most important clip

02:39:49.260 of the night

02:39:50.040 because it really summarizes

02:39:53.760 perfectly.

02:39:54.800 Like I should just

02:39:55.540 probably post this clip,

02:39:57.620 you know,

02:40:00.400 to my telegram.

02:40:02.480 This is the one

02:40:03.300 that summarizes

02:40:04.140 why this is important

02:40:05.260 to the Canadian experience

02:40:06.220 and how this solidified

02:40:07.840 the Canadian identity.

02:40:10.000 Okay.

02:40:10.440 So this,

02:40:10.920 this clip is

02:40:11.820 really great at that.

02:40:14.180 It really summarizes it well.

02:40:16.780 It really,

02:40:17.320 you know,

02:40:17.620 it documents

02:40:18.620 all of the moments

02:40:19.500 that are of particular importance.

02:40:20.700 So like for a two minute

02:40:22.200 and 40 second clip,

02:40:23.460 this is gold.

02:40:25.640 For no one in 1818

02:40:27.820 thought that another

02:40:28.920 Anglo-American war

02:40:30.360 was unthinkable.

02:40:32.300 The famous

02:40:33.140 unguarded frontier

02:40:34.220 was still a good

02:40:35.220 many years away.

02:40:36.740 But meanwhile,

02:40:37.900 how did Canadians 1.00

02:40:38.840 view the war of 1812?

02:40:41.140 Naturally,

02:40:41.620 they saw it

02:40:42.300 from an angle

02:40:42.800 very different

02:40:43.420 from that of the Americans.

02:40:45.220 And even today,

02:40:46.540 ceremonies on the old

02:40:47.560 battlefields

02:40:48.580 proudly recall

02:40:49.520 Upper Canada's

02:40:50.340 resistance to invasion.

02:40:56.400 The stubborn loyalists

02:40:58.160 who stopped the Americans 0.97

02:40:59.480 at Chrysler's farm

02:41:00.640 and in other battles

02:41:01.680 a century and a half ago

02:41:03.060 are remembered today

02:41:04.880 for their successful

02:41:05.800 struggle for survival

02:41:07.080 against odds

02:41:08.380 that seemed overwhelming.

02:41:09.760 also remembered

02:41:19.180 are the nimble

02:41:20.080 Voltageurs

02:41:20.820 who under

02:41:21.840 de Salaberry's leadership

02:41:22.980 helped frustrate

02:41:24.080 a thrust at Montreal.

02:41:26.280 The Battle of Chateau-Gay 0.54

02:41:27.600 showed that a threat

02:41:29.100 from the south

02:41:29.820 could unite

02:41:30.640 French and English Canadians

02:41:32.080 in a common cause.

02:41:33.640 The famous fight

02:41:40.880 between the Chesapeake

02:41:41.900 and the Shannon

02:41:42.480 was celebrated

02:41:43.840 in song and story

02:41:45.140 with the Canadians

02:41:46.480 giving due credit

02:41:47.380 to the courage

02:41:48.060 of the defeated Americans.

02:41:58.220 This British victory 0.97

02:41:59.580 off Halifax

02:42:00.360 was significant

02:42:01.100 for the pride

02:42:02.480 it engendered

02:42:03.180 suggested,

02:42:04.100 however tenuously,

02:42:05.660 a potential common cause

02:42:07.340 between the Atlantic colonies

02:42:08.900 and inland Canada.

02:42:26.260 And so the war

02:42:27.720 produced the first stirrings

02:42:29.100 of Canadian nationalism.

02:42:31.100 although the map

02:42:31.780 left by the treaty

02:42:32.660 gave little

02:42:33.520 to cheer about.

02:42:35.420 With the Ohio

02:42:36.160 and Mississippi

02:42:36.780 now firmly held

02:42:37.920 for American settlement

02:42:38.960 Canada could forget

02:42:40.860 its fur trading ambitions there.

02:42:43.420 For the United States

02:42:44.780 the road

02:42:45.800 to western expansion

02:42:46.840 was unhindered

02:42:47.740 but Canada

02:42:49.160 could look only

02:42:49.940 to little known lands

02:42:51.100 held by the Hudson's Bay Company

02:42:52.660 cut off

02:42:53.780 by a thousand miles

02:42:55.040 of wilderness.

02:42:57.300 Canada seemed to face

02:42:58.760 a harshly limited future.

02:43:01.100 I hope you understand

02:43:10.460 why that's an important clip,

02:43:11.780 a really good clip

02:43:12.600 at kind of summarizing

02:43:13.760 the importance

02:43:14.300 of the war of 1812.

02:43:16.280 You know,

02:43:16.480 it kind of shows

02:43:18.220 one,

02:43:19.880 that it united

02:43:20.600 French Canadians

02:43:21.420 and English Canadians

02:43:22.160 and two,

02:43:22.780 that, you know,

02:43:23.540 this was a defining moment

02:43:25.660 for us in our early history

02:43:27.440 in, you know,

02:43:28.860 defiance of American encroachment

02:43:30.260 and ultimately

02:43:31.700 that's where the rumblings

02:43:32.980 of Canadian nationalism

02:43:34.180 begin

02:43:34.820 and it goes beyond

02:43:36.940 just upper

02:43:37.600 and lower Canada.

02:43:39.260 You see that,

02:43:40.160 you know,

02:43:41.500 Nova Scotia

02:43:42.380 and to a lesser extent

02:43:43.400 Newfoundland,

02:43:43.980 which are the two other

02:43:44.560 British colonies,

02:43:45.520 right,

02:43:45.800 in North America

02:43:46.700 at this time period,

02:43:47.420 you know,

02:43:49.620 are also

02:43:50.260 realizing that they,

02:43:52.840 you know,

02:43:53.180 can work together

02:43:54.220 and so that you get

02:43:57.180 this kind of formulation

02:43:58.140 of those early

02:43:59.920 Canadian regions

02:44:00.580 and, you know,

02:44:01.660 what became the makeup

02:44:02.600 of Canada.

02:44:04.640 So

02:44:05.080 the other thing too

02:44:08.080 about that clip

02:44:08.580 that I find interesting

02:44:09.280 is like you see that,

02:44:10.860 you know,

02:44:11.600 they're showing

02:44:13.020 footage

02:44:13.900 of reenactments

02:44:15.360 of memorials

02:44:16.440 taking place

02:44:17.160 across the

02:44:18.540 various battle scenes,

02:44:20.720 you know,

02:44:22.440 in the 1960s

02:44:23.380 and these

02:44:24.160 to a lesser extent

02:44:25.460 continue today.

02:44:26.960 You can still go

02:44:27.640 see these things.

02:44:28.360 Obviously,

02:44:28.900 you know,

02:44:29.100 there's still monuments

02:44:29.900 and there's still events

02:44:30.640 that take place

02:44:31.300 but really you can see

02:44:32.680 that,

02:44:33.260 you know,

02:44:34.700 150 years

02:44:35.760 after these battles,

02:44:37.520 like Canadians 0.99

02:44:37.960 understood what they meant

02:44:39.040 and they understood

02:44:39.540 that it was important

02:44:40.480 which is why

02:44:41.080 there's these celebrations

02:44:42.200 taking place

02:44:43.040 or, you know,

02:44:43.840 memorials taking place

02:44:44.940 on the battlegrounds.

02:44:47.880 You know,

02:44:48.420 it was a defining moment

02:44:49.820 in our history

02:44:50.980 and it means something.

02:44:52.700 So,

02:44:53.720 yeah,

02:44:54.000 that's why

02:44:54.560 I've been trying

02:44:57.000 over the past few months

02:44:58.260 and,

02:44:58.740 you know,

02:44:59.260 or better part of a year

02:45:00.560 anyways

02:45:00.940 to kind of reinforce

02:45:02.980 this in Canadians

02:45:03.800 that,

02:45:04.300 you know,

02:45:04.460 you do have a valid history

02:45:05.900 if you'll just learn it

02:45:06.960 but nobody's going to

02:45:08.680 learn it for you

02:45:09.460 so you have to do it yourself

02:45:10.940 which is,

02:45:11.400 you know,

02:45:11.640 part of the essence

02:45:12.340 of why we've begun

02:45:13.640 this series.

02:45:14.940 So,

02:45:15.880 yeah.

02:45:16.700 With that said,

02:45:17.760 that's the end

02:45:18.620 of the clips

02:45:19.160 and the commentary.

02:45:21.360 I don't think,

02:45:22.780 not a lot came in tonight,

02:45:24.220 honestly.

02:45:26.360 In terms of questions,

02:45:27.820 I'll go to the

02:45:28.920 super chats here first.

02:45:30.460 justice for fathers

02:45:37.320 said education is key.

02:45:39.100 History is important.

02:45:40.100 This room is important

02:45:40.920 to move forward.

02:45:42.180 2025,

02:45:42.960 thank you for your hard work.

02:45:44.620 Thank you guys

02:45:45.360 for your support

02:45:46.040 because I couldn't be

02:45:47.040 doing this

02:45:48.020 or at least

02:45:48.980 I couldn't be doing it

02:45:49.760 as well

02:45:50.200 or as frequently

02:45:50.860 without you guys

02:45:52.800 supporting it.

02:45:53.420 So,

02:45:53.580 like,

02:45:53.660 I'm super grateful

02:45:54.640 that people like this series

02:45:56.900 and they like

02:45:57.740 the work

02:45:58.680 that I've been doing

02:45:59.220 both with the club

02:45:59.940 and online.

02:46:02.040 It's getting harder

02:46:02.940 too with being banned

02:46:04.400 from Twitter.

02:46:05.460 look,

02:46:05.840 it's kind of nice

02:46:06.600 being banned

02:46:07.040 from Twitter

02:46:07.460 but not having access

02:46:09.160 to that

02:46:09.520 makes it harder

02:46:10.020 to promote things.

02:46:11.160 Obviously,

02:46:12.460 you know,

02:46:14.160 support,

02:46:15.180 a lot of the support

02:46:16.720 that you get

02:46:17.340 online,

02:46:18.380 while it's not as important

02:46:19.220 as the support

02:46:19.780 you get IRL,

02:46:20.580 does help.

02:46:21.900 And,

02:46:22.040 you know,

02:46:22.420 being able to have

02:46:23.380 control over information

02:46:24.440 or being able to inject

02:46:25.380 your voice into the conversation

02:46:26.560 really,

02:46:27.380 you know,

02:46:29.020 allows you to move the needle

02:46:30.560 and even more so

02:46:32.760 when people

02:46:34.160 don't have that

02:46:35.780 familiarity with you

02:46:36.820 and they don't see you frequently.

02:46:38.520 So,

02:46:39.060 you know,

02:46:39.580 they stop,

02:46:40.040 they forget about you.

02:46:40.920 So,

02:46:41.600 if people are on Twitter,

02:46:43.620 they might have been following

02:46:44.620 what I was doing before

02:46:45.460 but they're not anymore

02:46:46.240 because I'm not on Twitter anymore

02:46:47.300 and frankly,

02:46:48.280 I'm not really going to

02:46:49.680 fret over it

02:46:51.060 too much

02:46:51.420 because at this point,

02:46:52.860 what am I supposed to do?

02:46:54.980 If I announce that it's me,

02:46:56.580 I'll be banned within two weeks.

02:46:58.020 So,

02:46:58.280 what's the point?

02:46:59.640 But hopefully,

02:47:00.340 I don't know,

02:47:00.760 hopefully I'll get that account back

02:47:01.980 or whatever.

02:47:02.440 But anyways,

02:47:03.000 this is me rambling

02:47:04.120 to say thank you,

02:47:05.620 everybody,

02:47:06.060 for supporting this

02:47:07.320 because

02:47:07.600 it means a lot to me

02:47:09.840 and

02:47:10.080 yeah,

02:47:11.520 it's helping me do

02:47:12.260 some of the other work

02:47:13.180 that I think is necessary

02:47:14.880 in Canadian nationalism

02:47:16.080 and somebody's got to do it.

02:47:17.240 So,

02:47:18.340 I'll do my best.

02:47:20.400 Draftwork,

02:47:21.060 says,

02:47:22.420 CSAR,

02:47:23.060 we Indians have been here

02:47:24.380 all along,

02:47:25.160 even the white man

02:47:26.120 with the peace pipe said so.

02:47:27.680 Yeah,

02:47:28.200 yeah,

02:47:28.640 same Indians,

02:47:29.460 right?

02:47:31.920 Draftwork again said,

02:47:32.940 somehow it's fine

02:47:33.720 for couples to split up

02:47:34.720 because they can't get along

02:47:35.880 but it's somehow wrong

02:47:37.580 for tribes of people

02:47:38.520 to split up.

02:47:39.720 I mean,

02:47:40.200 yeah,

02:47:44.400 we've been like,

02:47:45.860 I don't know why

02:47:47.940 it's so necessary.

02:47:48.700 Like,

02:47:48.920 it's funny.

02:47:49.700 I know that,

02:47:50.300 not that I'm on Twitter

02:47:51.540 a whole lot

02:47:52.140 but obviously,

02:47:52.520 I can still see

02:47:53.480 what's going on

02:47:54.460 sometimes on it

02:47:55.520 and I know that

02:47:56.700 Daniel Tyree

02:47:58.040 and the Dominion Society guys

02:47:59.280 were getting into it

02:48:00.060 with the Canadian establishment

02:48:01.120 a lot this week

02:48:01.900 simply for asserting

02:48:02.840 that Canadians

02:48:03.480 are not just

02:48:04.440 everything

02:48:05.700 and anyone

02:48:06.500 from anywhere

02:48:07.280 at any time.

02:48:09.440 If you,

02:48:10.300 like,

02:48:10.480 it's crazy to me

02:48:11.380 that if you just reject

02:48:12.620 and you're like,

02:48:13.100 no,

02:48:13.400 Canadians are not 0.97

02:48:14.320 anyone,

02:48:15.380 you know,

02:48:15.720 from anywhere

02:48:16.260 who just shows up

02:48:17.340 whenever they want

02:48:18.080 and says they're Canadian. 0.99

02:48:19.260 That's ridiculous. 0.99

02:48:20.460 The amount of vitriol 0.99

02:48:22.380 that you'll get

02:48:23.060 for just asserting

02:48:23.800 that Canadians

02:48:24.380 are legitimate people 0.75

02:48:25.500 is crazy.

02:48:26.820 So,

02:48:27.480 yeah,

02:48:30.260 I don't,

02:48:30.820 you know,

02:48:31.120 that's part of why

02:48:33.740 we're doing,

02:48:34.220 I'm doing this work

02:48:35.160 is because I'm sick

02:48:36.400 of,

02:48:36.840 you know,

02:48:37.800 Canadians,

02:48:38.560 like,

02:48:38.960 you know,

02:48:39.360 it's not even that they,

02:48:41.340 that's what they've been told.

02:48:43.320 They've been told

02:48:43.980 that a Canadian

02:48:44.580 is anyone from anywhere.

02:48:45.700 That's what they've been told

02:48:46.560 their entire life

02:48:47.400 by a state that hates them

02:48:48.860 and the whole purpose

02:48:50.640 of them being fed

02:48:51.980 this propaganda

02:48:53.060 is to,

02:48:54.120 you know,

02:48:55.660 accept their own destruction

02:48:56.980 and replacement.

02:48:58.700 So,

02:48:59.260 like,

02:48:59.440 they're listening to people

02:49:00.340 who hate them.

02:49:00.900 You almost pity them,

02:49:02.100 right?

02:49:04.060 I mean,

02:49:05.040 I would pity them

02:49:05.980 if they weren't

02:49:06.660 so destructive,

02:49:07.600 I guess.

02:49:09.360 Rob of Cobden

02:49:10.360 says,

02:49:10.640 thanks for doing these shows.

02:49:11.580 I'm learning a lot

02:49:12.120 and it's made me want

02:49:12.720 to read about more.

02:49:14.300 Have a few more books

02:49:15.400 on the bookshelf

02:49:16.160 now on standby.

02:49:17.080 That's awesome.

02:49:17.920 That's exactly

02:49:18.460 the purpose of this

02:49:19.320 is to,

02:49:19.780 you know,

02:49:20.100 hopefully inspire

02:49:21.000 some people

02:49:21.560 to do more research

02:49:24.080 into,

02:49:24.480 you know,

02:49:26.180 their own history

02:49:26.860 and stuff.

02:49:28.280 And if you're,

02:49:29.560 you know,

02:49:30.060 I'm not sure,

02:49:30.940 Rob of Cobden,

02:49:31.740 I'm not sure

02:49:32.200 if that's Cobden

02:49:32.920 in the Ottawa Valley,

02:49:34.140 but yeah,

02:49:34.520 that's another,

02:49:35.480 that's close to Packingham,

02:49:36.960 pretty close.

02:49:38.060 And here's a little tidbit

02:49:41.000 about Cobden.

02:49:41.700 In 1867,

02:49:43.820 you know,

02:49:44.100 the year of Confederation,

02:49:45.620 a farmer

02:49:46.280 dug up the astrolabe

02:49:48.080 that Samuel de Champlain

02:49:49.680 used to chart

02:49:50.760 the Ottawa Valley

02:49:51.920 and much of Ontario

02:49:53.760 in 1608,

02:49:58.400 something like that.

02:50:00.980 So yeah,

02:50:01.420 like 250 years

02:50:03.280 after,

02:50:04.060 you know,

02:50:05.520 Champlain

02:50:05.960 was in the Ottawa Valley,

02:50:07.620 some random farmer,

02:50:08.780 you know,

02:50:09.340 was plowing a field

02:50:10.620 and dug up this astrolabe

02:50:11.960 that was then

02:50:12.580 determined to be

02:50:13.740 that of Samuel de Champlain

02:50:14.960 and that was in Cobden.

02:50:16.580 So,

02:50:17.080 you know,

02:50:17.420 that's like,

02:50:18.020 that's the history,

02:50:18.940 like 250 years later

02:50:20.540 on the,

02:50:20.940 on the anniversary

02:50:21.600 of Confed,

02:50:22.280 or on the,

02:50:23.740 the,

02:50:24.200 in the year

02:50:24.780 of Confederation

02:50:25.680 that was found.

02:50:30.780 Which I think

02:50:31.460 is really cool.

02:50:37.380 So I'm just,

02:50:38.240 scrolling here.

02:50:43.240 Sir Supreme,

02:50:44.160 gifted five subscriptions.

02:50:45.240 Thank you so much,

02:50:45.920 sir.

02:50:46.520 Those are awesome.

02:50:47.380 I really appreciate that.

02:50:48.340 And,

02:50:48.700 you know,

02:50:48.880 I can't say it.

02:50:50.320 You're the one

02:50:50.960 who dumped 20 of those

02:50:52.600 the other week

02:50:54.320 on the stream.

02:50:54.780 So I really appreciate that.

02:50:56.220 Liquid Zoo,

02:50:56.760 gifted five subscriptions

02:50:57.580 as well.

02:50:58.040 Thank you so much.

02:51:00.420 Former member says,

02:51:01.280 thanks for another one.

02:51:02.340 A very fluid.

02:51:03.040 Good job.

02:51:03.700 I'm trying.

02:51:04.220 I make notes

02:51:07.200 and then it's like,

02:51:08.040 if I,

02:51:08.440 if I go through

02:51:09.660 each of my notes

02:51:10.760 in any kind of detail,

02:51:12.340 what's going to end up

02:51:13.180 happening is this will be

02:51:14.260 four or five hours long,

02:51:15.840 which some people

02:51:17.140 might not mind,

02:51:18.060 but I don't want to

02:51:18.980 get too tedious with it.

02:51:20.500 So I just kind of

02:51:21.040 make these notes

02:51:21.780 and then I just go through

02:51:22.800 the points as quickly

02:51:24.260 as possible

02:51:24.940 without adding

02:51:26.800 too much detail

02:51:27.700 and color.

02:51:28.820 I noticed a couple

02:51:29.860 of people were already

02:51:30.640 saying this is hard

02:51:31.440 to follow.

02:51:31.940 So like,

02:51:32.700 I don't know

02:51:32.980 if that's me

02:51:33.680 or that's just,

02:51:35.240 it is kind of,

02:51:36.360 a lot of this history

02:51:37.400 is complex.

02:51:38.580 So,

02:51:39.560 yeah.

02:51:43.780 Pinesmith says,

02:51:44.560 Ferryman,

02:51:45.100 we need a Canadian 0.96

02:51:46.040 history reading list.

02:51:47.180 I feel like it's important.

02:51:50.460 Yeah,

02:51:51.140 there's people

02:51:51.800 who have suggested

02:51:52.540 that before.

02:51:56.740 I mean,

02:51:57.660 like this,

02:51:59.780 people get,

02:52:00.680 they get to

02:52:01.420 fixated,

02:52:02.640 I think that people

02:52:03.600 get too fixated

02:52:04.520 on specific books

02:52:06.800 or like,

02:52:08.320 which book should I read?

02:52:10.260 And this may sound 0.99

02:52:11.560 like a stupid thing to do, 0.99

02:52:13.640 but if you really want 0.99

02:52:15.160 to improve

02:52:15.820 your historical knowledge

02:52:18.060 and you are willing

02:52:19.320 to read

02:52:19.960 like historical text,

02:52:21.880 that's just,

02:52:22.740 you know,

02:52:23.300 information

02:52:23.860 and not necessarily

02:52:25.120 like fictionalized

02:52:27.200 or,

02:52:27.440 you know,

02:52:27.760 colorized too much.

02:52:28.780 one of the best things

02:52:30.600 you can do

02:52:31.200 is

02:52:32.340 go to Wikipedia.

02:52:35.020 Now,

02:52:35.320 I know,

02:52:35.740 like,

02:52:36.440 with a grain of salt,

02:52:37.720 obviously,

02:52:38.300 Wikipedia

02:52:38.660 is

02:52:39.980 politicized

02:52:42.320 greatly to the left.

02:52:44.460 It's moderated

02:52:45.500 by the left.

02:52:46.380 So,

02:52:46.520 you're getting,

02:52:47.160 you know,

02:52:47.480 a very,

02:52:49.240 if you read

02:52:51.060 any of like

02:52:51.860 the opinions

02:52:53.480 or like the legacy

02:52:54.620 or,

02:52:55.180 you know,

02:52:56.140 the impact

02:52:57.240 kind of segments

02:52:58.320 of it,

02:52:58.660 you're going to get

02:52:59.140 something that's

02:52:59.660 extremely politicized

02:53:00.760 to the left

02:53:01.360 by modern standards.

02:53:05.700 But,

02:53:06.640 it's super useful

02:53:10.660 at just

02:53:11.620 going through

02:53:12.980 like the connections.

02:53:14.520 So,

02:53:14.980 like,

02:53:15.160 if you go

02:53:15.620 and you search,

02:53:16.400 like,

02:53:16.840 you know,

02:53:17.360 you can go look up

02:53:18.220 the War of 1812

02:53:19.420 and you start reading

02:53:20.200 through it

02:53:20.580 and then you click

02:53:21.040 on the Napoleonic Wars

02:53:22.160 and you start reading

02:53:22.840 through it.

02:53:23.620 You start to develop

02:53:24.620 at least like,

02:53:25.580 it helps you map out

02:53:26.840 these events

02:53:27.460 in your mind.

02:53:28.300 So,

02:53:28.480 like,

02:53:28.580 one of the best things

02:53:29.280 you can do

02:53:29.760 is just go down

02:53:31.000 a Wikipedia wormhole

02:53:32.360 of these events.

02:53:33.840 Pick an event

02:53:35.360 in Canadian history

02:53:36.480 that you're interested in

02:53:37.460 and just start going

02:53:38.340 through the wormhole

02:53:39.760 and then whenever

02:53:40.400 you get too far away,

02:53:41.680 just go back

02:53:42.200 to where you were

02:53:42.840 and keep going

02:53:43.480 and you'll realize

02:53:44.500 like there's this huge,

02:53:45.600 you know,

02:53:46.440 web of events

02:53:47.260 that pans out

02:53:48.080 with all of these

02:53:48.780 figures and character

02:53:49.780 and it's all interrelated

02:53:50.840 and connected.

02:53:51.500 So,

02:53:52.800 to me,

02:53:55.160 that's a super useful

02:53:56.400 way of wrapping

02:53:57.900 your head around

02:53:58.540 historical events

02:53:59.500 and just getting

02:54:00.380 a picture of what

02:54:01.120 happened.

02:54:01.520 Now,

02:54:01.640 if you want

02:54:02.060 more detail,

02:54:03.280 then yeah,

02:54:03.660 you're going to have

02:54:04.200 to get into some

02:54:04.960 like historical text

02:54:06.220 and things like that.

02:54:06.940 But if you just want

02:54:08.100 to understand

02:54:08.760 the chronology

02:54:10.920 of events

02:54:11.460 and how things

02:54:12.800 played out

02:54:13.320 and who was

02:54:13.960 involved in what,

02:54:14.920 then Wikipedia

02:54:15.840 is a great resource

02:54:16.780 for that.

02:54:23.340 Jay Henderson 94

02:54:24.600 gifted a subscription.

02:54:25.900 Thanks so much,

02:54:26.400 man.

02:54:26.900 Appreciate that.

02:54:38.320 Cocaine Rim Jobs 0.83

02:54:39.160 says Wikipedia

02:54:39.760 is a massage day job.

02:54:40.960 Yeah,

02:54:41.160 absolutely.

02:54:41.680 But it is like

02:54:44.220 I can just go like

02:54:45.140 here's what I mean.

02:54:46.560 I brought it up

02:54:47.240 earlier.

02:54:48.060 If you want to know

02:54:49.060 who the belligerents

02:54:49.980 were in the

02:54:50.820 Napoleonic Wars,

02:54:52.240 what's the best,

02:54:52.980 like the easiest way

02:54:53.880 to get an answer

02:54:54.420 for that?

02:54:55.340 So,

02:54:55.600 who was involved

02:54:56.660 on what side

02:54:57.560 of the Napoleonic Wars,

02:54:58.820 right?

02:54:59.280 Well,

02:54:59.460 you go there

02:54:59.940 and it'll list

02:55:00.440 the major generals,

02:55:02.080 the political leaders

02:55:04.600 and which faction

02:55:06.460 was on which side,

02:55:07.520 right?

02:55:08.280 It's super useful

02:55:09.300 for stuff like that.

02:55:11.740 Scotian Lady says

02:55:12.540 much appreciated,

02:55:13.240 Alex.

02:55:13.500 Visited Chrysler's

02:55:14.240 farm a few years ago.

02:55:15.600 Impressive sight

02:55:16.380 and view.

02:55:16.940 Hail Second Sons.

02:55:17.660 Yeah,

02:55:17.820 I think they do

02:55:18.420 an annual military

02:55:20.820 reenactment there

02:55:21.740 as well,

02:55:23.020 which would be cool

02:55:24.300 to see.

02:55:30.940 God Ate My Ball

02:55:31.740 says isn't Elon

02:55:32.480 building a right-wing

02:55:33.460 wiki for what it's worth?

02:55:35.160 I mean,

02:55:36.060 it doesn't matter.

02:55:36.620 You could,

02:55:37.060 look,

02:55:37.280 you could do the same

02:55:37.980 thing with Grok

02:55:38.720 if you want.

02:55:39.640 Like,

02:55:39.780 pick an AI

02:55:40.460 that you want to use.

02:55:41.780 Just like,

02:55:42.300 ask it like,

02:55:42.940 who were the belligerents

02:55:43.880 of,

02:55:44.420 I don't know,

02:55:45.140 who were the major generals

02:55:46.580 in the War of 1812?

02:55:47.620 It's going to give you

02:55:48.240 a pretty accurate list

02:55:49.680 of something like that.

02:55:51.320 If you start asking it

02:55:52.700 like political questions,

02:55:54.020 then that's where

02:55:54.980 you get the bias,

02:55:56.180 right?

02:55:56.500 So,

02:55:57.240 it depends on what

02:55:57.940 you're looking at.

02:55:58.560 If you're looking

02:55:59.060 for the facts,

02:55:59.980 like,

02:56:00.400 again,

02:56:01.680 you want a great

02:56:03.000 color of Canadian history,

02:56:06.020 just Google,

02:56:07.280 whatever event,

02:56:09.220 whatever aspect

02:56:10.120 of Canadian history,

02:56:11.080 and then add the word

02:56:12.220 racist on the end,

02:56:13.660 just Google it,

02:56:14.700 and you'll find some

02:56:15.900 great historical pieces,

02:56:17.500 and they're written

02:56:18.320 from the left-wing

02:56:19.200 perspective.

02:56:20.100 The reason why

02:56:21.160 they're so good

02:56:22.200 is because

02:56:22.840 they're actually

02:56:24.180 telling the truth.

02:56:25.500 They're doing it

02:56:26.580 in a way that's meant

02:56:27.480 to demonize you,

02:56:28.760 but they're presenting

02:56:29.940 you the facts

02:56:30.760 that the more

02:56:32.340 cucked,

02:56:34.500 you know, 0.84

02:56:34.720 kind of conservative

02:56:35.580 approach to Canadian

02:56:37.320 history won't give you

02:56:38.700 because they're trying

02:56:39.900 to make it seem

02:56:40.740 like Canadian history

02:56:41.680 wasn't racist,

02:56:42.900 or it wasn't as bad

02:56:44.680 as it actually,

02:56:45.880 bad as it actually was.

02:56:47.720 And that explains to you

02:56:49.060 that that should,

02:56:50.280 you know,

02:56:50.780 at face value,

02:56:51.560 show you what the

02:56:52.560 conservatives' 0.59

02:56:53.800 mindset is like.

02:56:54.760 they are morally

02:56:57.560 guided by seeming

02:56:59.000 not racist,

02:56:59.980 and their intentions

02:57:01.180 when they analyze

02:57:03.240 and review

02:57:04.140 and honor our history

02:57:05.620 is to make it seem

02:57:07.540 like it wasn't racist

02:57:08.840 because they view

02:57:09.800 racism as a moral evil.

02:57:11.640 The reason the left's

02:57:13.500 interpretation of history

02:57:14.680 is more accurate

02:57:15.520 is because they do

02:57:16.980 think of racism

02:57:18.160 as a moral evil,

02:57:19.180 and they do want

02:57:20.100 to highlight it,

02:57:20.940 so they tell you

02:57:21.820 the truth about it.

02:57:22.920 They make it seem

02:57:23.540 like it's a bad thing,

02:57:24.760 but at least

02:57:25.960 it's a more

02:57:26.580 colorful,

02:57:27.720 accurate representation

02:57:29.220 of the history.

02:57:31.800 So, yeah,

02:57:34.020 like just simple

02:57:34.860 things like that

02:57:35.700 are great ways

02:57:36.820 to get little tidbits

02:57:38.400 about, you know,

02:57:39.800 our history.

02:57:52.600 Okay.

02:57:54.760 I don't think I missed

02:58:10.400 anything.

02:58:11.080 I don't think I missed

02:58:14.400 anything.

02:58:15.080 jhenderson94 says,

02:58:30.040 is it better to

02:58:30.680 super chat or gift subs?

02:58:33.680 Gift subs,

02:58:35.020 so I forget what

02:58:36.540 it is.

02:58:37.340 A gift sub,

02:58:38.280 I think,

02:58:38.460 is $5 US

02:58:39.900 and like $4.85

02:58:42.040 of it

02:58:42.860 goes to me

02:58:44.240 or something,

02:58:45.240 and the super

02:58:45.840 chats is like,

02:58:47.120 if you,

02:58:47.860 if you give $5,

02:58:49.860 like $3.75

02:58:50.800 of it goes to me.

02:58:52.160 So,

02:58:52.620 if you just want to,

02:58:54.440 if you're just

02:58:55.080 trying to donate

02:58:55.780 and you don't really

02:58:56.660 have anything

02:58:57.160 that you want to say,

02:58:57.980 then super gifted

02:59:00.120 chats are the best.

02:59:02.320 But if you want

02:59:03.380 to contribute

02:59:04.000 to the conversation,

02:59:05.820 like if you have

02:59:06.300 something to say,

02:59:07.020 then super chat,

02:59:08.460 obviously,

02:59:09.560 because it helps,

02:59:11.020 you know,

02:59:11.280 add something to the show.

02:59:12.560 So,

02:59:13.240 yeah,

02:59:13.780 it really depends

02:59:14.760 on what you're trying to do.

02:59:17.300 It doesn't matter.

02:59:18.260 It doesn't matter to me,

02:59:19.280 honestly.

02:59:19.620 But the,

02:59:24.640 like if,

02:59:25.040 if people want,

02:59:25.980 I say this a lot,

02:59:26.980 one of the best things

02:59:27.880 that you can do,

02:59:29.340 gifted subs are great,

02:59:30.940 obviously,

02:59:31.460 but if you want to support,

02:59:33.140 one of the best things

02:59:33.640 you can do is,

02:59:34.220 is get a monthly subscription

02:59:36.240 on Rumble.

02:59:37.280 So,

02:59:37.540 it's the same thing.

02:59:38.440 So,

02:59:39.300 like if it's $5 a month,

02:59:41.060 $4.85 of it goes to me

02:59:42.460 and because it's recurring,

02:59:43.740 it basically becomes like

02:59:45.240 a consistent income

02:59:46.820 where like I know

02:59:47.700 I have X amount coming in.

02:59:49.280 So,

02:59:50.400 getting a,

02:59:52.440 a recurring subscription

02:59:54.280 on something like Rumble

02:59:55.440 is great.

02:59:56.480 And then also like,

02:59:57.700 now I'm,

02:59:58.440 I just keep getting banned

03:00:00.060 on more and more.

03:00:00.900 So,

03:00:01.020 I'm also banned on

03:00:02.040 Ko-Fi or Coffee.

03:00:04.280 I didn't,

03:00:04.800 they didn't formally

03:00:05.560 give me anything

03:00:06.560 that says that,

03:00:07.300 but they unpublished my page

03:00:09.440 and then whenever

03:00:10.700 I requested information

03:00:12.020 and did the things

03:00:13.480 that they asked me to do

03:00:14.480 to get it republished,

03:00:15.900 they just haven't responded

03:00:17.360 and they're not responding

03:00:18.360 to follow-ups.

03:00:19.280 So,

03:00:20.440 you know,

03:00:21.900 I have Rumble,

03:00:22.760 but that's basically it.

03:00:37.620 I'm almost as banned

03:00:38.740 as Jeremy is on things.

03:00:39.900 You know,

03:00:45.260 Petra says,

03:00:53.880 Ferry,

03:00:54.260 please unmute my other account

03:00:55.500 and explain to me

03:00:56.060 what I did wrong earlier.

03:00:57.120 You're annoying.

03:00:57.980 That's all I had to say. 0.80

03:00:58.760 You were annoying

03:00:59.340 in the chat.

03:01:01.320 You don't have,

03:01:02.100 you don't have to super chat,

03:01:03.300 but like,

03:01:03.600 why?

03:01:03.780 I'm not going to go unban it.

03:01:06.300 You're lucky

03:01:06.800 I don't just ban

03:01:07.560 this one too.

03:01:09.680 Don't be annoying.

03:01:10.540 Don't be annoying.

03:01:10.660 I don't have to say it.

03:01:13.420 I don't have to say it.

03:01:13.920 I don't have to say it.

03:01:14.100 I don't have to say it.

03:01:18.540 Adam says,

03:01:36.820 sometimes I feel lucky

03:01:38.060 Ferry hasn't banned me.

03:01:39.900 I don't like,

03:01:41.700 look,

03:01:42.040 I'm not going to say

03:01:42.840 like I'm always justified.

03:01:44.760 Like sometimes

03:01:45.180 if somebody's just annoying me

03:01:46.420 at one particular time

03:01:47.340 and usually I,

03:01:48.080 I mute them for like a stream

03:01:49.680 or even five minutes

03:01:52.240 just to give them a message.

03:01:53.960 I try not to do it

03:01:54.880 unless it's like,

03:01:56.040 obviously if they're

03:01:56.900 a genuine troll 0.74

03:01:58.000 and they're just there to, 0.88

03:01:58.940 you know,

03:02:00.340 subvert and annoy

03:02:01.500 and just cause chaos

03:02:02.700 in the chat,

03:02:03.180 then yeah,

03:02:03.480 I just ban them immediately.

03:02:07.200 But typically

03:02:08.620 if somebody's being annoying,

03:02:09.660 I'll give them

03:02:10.100 a couple chances.

03:02:11.480 So,

03:02:12.240 um,

03:02:16.940 man,

03:02:17.400 this is annoying

03:02:17.980 as a poor excuse.

03:02:18.820 No,

03:02:18.980 it's really not.

03:02:20.340 If you understood

03:02:21.500 what it's like

03:02:22.080 being on this end of it

03:02:23.140 where you're trying,

03:02:23.840 like I genuinely,

03:02:24.740 so some,

03:02:26.060 I could just,

03:02:27.520 you know,

03:02:28.140 instead of even having

03:02:29.140 the chat on the screen, 0.98

03:02:30.100 I could just fucking 0.97

03:02:30.740 ignore everybody 0.98

03:02:31.600 and not look at anything

03:02:32.560 that's being said.

03:02:33.500 And I make a concerted effort

03:02:35.140 to actually read

03:02:36.200 almost everything

03:02:37.020 that is said

03:02:38.080 in the chats

03:02:38.760 because I don't want

03:02:41.520 people to feel like

03:02:42.280 they have this super chat,

03:02:43.780 you know,

03:02:44.140 to take part

03:02:44.840 in the discussion.

03:02:46.020 So if somebody has

03:02:47.140 legitimately good points

03:02:49.000 and they,

03:02:50.140 you know,

03:02:50.360 maybe can't afford

03:02:51.060 a super chat or whatever,

03:02:52.000 I want to be able

03:02:52.680 to see them

03:02:53.340 and let them contribute.

03:02:55.960 So when somebody's

03:02:57.080 being annoying

03:02:57.960 as in spamming

03:02:59.240 or just,

03:02:59.940 you know,

03:03:00.400 complete,

03:03:01.020 like continuously

03:03:01.820 adding junk

03:03:02.780 to the, 0.50

03:03:03.980 the chats,

03:03:05.460 it's annoying

03:03:06.740 for me

03:03:07.460 because I'm

03:03:08.380 reading all of it

03:03:09.380 while I'm trying

03:03:10.880 to talk

03:03:11.440 and while I'm

03:03:12.200 trying to manage

03:03:12.860 the stream.

03:03:13.620 So don't be annoying

03:03:14.960 is not a poor

03:03:16.300 excuse.

03:03:16.800 It's,

03:03:17.120 it's,

03:03:17.460 there's a reason

03:03:18.000 why a legitimate

03:03:19.060 one.

03:03:38.320 Yeah,

03:03:38.700 you got to remember

03:03:39.180 too,

03:03:39.460 there's,

03:03:39.700 I don't think I have,

03:03:40.640 if I have any mods

03:03:41.680 in the rumble chat,

03:03:42.500 it's like one or two

03:03:43.620 and they're not

03:03:45.240 always here.

03:03:45.960 So like I'm the one

03:03:47.080 modding my own chats

03:03:48.200 for the most part,

03:03:49.460 which is hard

03:03:53.600 to do sometimes

03:03:54.560 whenever these

03:03:55.400 are easier

03:03:55.920 because,

03:03:56.500 you know,

03:03:58.440 there's a couple

03:03:59.840 hundred people

03:04:00.380 less than there

03:04:01.140 is for like the,

03:04:02.240 the daily toll

03:04:03.040 streams or whatever.

03:04:04.540 A lot of people

03:04:05.320 don't really care

03:04:06.060 about the history

03:04:06.620 streams,

03:04:07.060 which is great

03:04:07.560 because it actually

03:04:08.180 makes it easier

03:04:08.740 to mod the chat.

03:04:10.160 But yeah,

03:04:11.560 don't be annoying.

03:04:13.820 Usually I get,

03:04:14.780 sorry,

03:04:15.020 I don't always

03:04:15.600 give warnings.

03:04:16.100 Usually I tell

03:04:16.660 people to,

03:04:17.240 I'll tell them

03:04:17.720 like, 0.50

03:04:17.940 stop being a spurred 1.00

03:04:19.380 or I'm going 1.00

03:04:19.760 to mute you

03:04:20.260 for the stream

03:04:20.940 or I'm going

03:04:21.340 to ban you

03:04:21.800 or whatever.

03:04:22.820 And then also

03:04:23.700 you don't have

03:04:24.320 a right

03:04:24.840 to the chat.

03:04:26.860 You want to,

03:04:27.480 yeah,

03:04:27.700 you want your

03:04:28.340 free speech?

03:04:29.000 Yeah,

03:04:29.140 go have it,

03:04:29.840 you know,

03:04:30.380 go start

03:04:31.420 your own rumble

03:04:32.000 account and do

03:04:32.580 your own live

03:04:33.040 streams and you

03:04:33.500 can say

03:04:33.720 whatever you want

03:04:34.320 and I'll just

03:04:34.720 sit there and

03:04:35.160 like,

03:04:35.380 okay,

03:04:35.620 you can talk 1.00

03:04:36.760 as much shit 1.00

03:04:37.260 about me 1.00

03:04:37.780 or disagree

03:04:39.160 with me

03:04:39.560 as much

03:04:39.840 as he wants.

03:04:40.460 But if you're

03:04:41.740 causing acrimony

03:04:42.980 in the chat

03:04:43.620 and making my life

03:04:45.000 difficult,

03:04:45.420 then I'm just 0.99

03:04:45.660 going to fucking 1.00

03:04:46.020 ban you. 1.00

03:04:50.380 All right.

03:04:56.980 Okay,

03:04:57.520 so if there's

03:04:58.640 nothing else,

03:04:59.200 guys,

03:04:59.440 I'm going to wrap.

03:05:00.060 Oh,

03:05:00.260 I didn't even do

03:05:00.980 this.

03:05:01.280 There's,

03:05:02.500 I started some

03:05:03.960 here.

03:05:05.600 Celsius said,

03:05:06.980 never heard that

03:05:07.600 before about

03:05:08.120 Washington's

03:05:08.860 farewell address.

03:05:10.160 Yeah,

03:05:10.380 like that was a

03:05:11.000 huge,

03:05:11.340 that was a

03:05:11.660 defining moment

03:05:12.520 in American

03:05:13.420 identity is,

03:05:14.400 you know,

03:05:14.660 Washington

03:05:15.140 and later,

03:05:18.060 was it,

03:05:20.680 where did the

03:05:21.420 Native Americans

03:05:23.320 beware for and

03:05:24.200 influence?

03:05:24.820 Where did that,

03:05:25.360 was that Jackson?

03:05:26.400 I'm pretty sure

03:05:26.860 that was Andrew

03:05:27.400 Jackson.

03:05:27.800 the flag was

03:05:43.380 used by the

03:05:43.880 Know Nothing

03:05:44.380 Party,

03:05:45.160 a movement that

03:05:45.880 co-opted the term

03:05:46.720 Native Americans

03:05:47.380 to express

03:05:47.920 anti-immigrant

03:05:49.020 sentiment,

03:05:50.260 particularly anti-Irish

03:05:52.240 German Catholic

03:05:52.900 sentiment,

03:05:53.940 creating a political

03:05:54.760 message of fear

03:05:55.440 and displacement.

03:05:55.900 So,

03:05:56.900 oh,

03:05:57.080 it was,

03:05:57.360 it was after

03:05:58.220 Jackson,

03:06:01.640 then wasn't

03:06:02.000 it?

03:06:16.060 I just,

03:06:18.560 I just learned

03:06:19.140 something interesting.

03:06:21.800 So,

03:06:22.380 the American

03:06:22.860 Party,

03:06:23.540 known as the

03:06:24.020 Native American

03:06:24.680 Party,

03:06:25.100 and colloquially

03:06:26.780 referred to as

03:06:27.700 the Know Nothing

03:06:28.360 Party,

03:06:29.440 the first leader

03:06:30.440 was Louis Charles

03:06:31.600 Levin.

03:06:32.980 And I saw that

03:06:33.800 name pop up.

03:06:34.840 This is why,

03:06:35.500 you know,

03:06:35.720 so everybody who

03:06:36.500 was like Wikipedia 0.99

03:06:37.340 as fuck, 1.00

03:06:37.940 this is why 1.00

03:06:38.380 Wikipedia is

03:06:38.980 awesome.

03:06:39.600 You just go to

03:06:40.060 the early life

03:06:40.700 section or

03:06:41.320 whatever,

03:06:41.900 like you could

03:06:42.500 just look up

03:06:43.100 these people and

03:06:43.580 it gives you,

03:06:44.100 you know,

03:06:45.180 relevant information

03:06:46.220 that's just

03:06:46.620 factual.

03:06:47.560 Louis Charles

03:06:48.040 Levin was

03:06:48.960 the second

03:06:51.640 person of

03:06:52.360 Jewish descent

03:06:53.080 elected to

03:06:53.640 the United States

03:06:54.160 Congress.

03:06:54.400 Isn't that

03:06:54.920 interesting?

03:06:56.360 The Native

03:06:57.200 Americans

03:06:57.800 Beware Foreign 1.00

03:06:58.580 Influence

03:06:59.140 Party,

03:06:59.740 the Know

03:07:00.040 Nothing

03:07:00.240 Party,

03:07:00.860 was led by 1.00

03:07:01.900 a fucking 1.00

03:07:02.240 Jew. 1.00

03:07:03.960 The second

03:07:04.720 Jew ever 1.00

03:07:05.220 elected

03:07:05.560 Congress.

03:07:06.280 I didn't

03:07:06.620 know that.

03:07:07.500 Isn't that

03:07:07.800 interesting?

03:07:08.820 Little tidbit

03:07:09.400 there just

03:07:09.860 popped up

03:07:10.480 because I

03:07:10.800 went and

03:07:11.120 checked

03:07:11.280 something on 1.00

03:07:11.760 fucking 1.00

03:07:12.060 Wikipedia. 1.00

03:07:14.280 Isn't that

03:07:14.900 funny?

03:07:15.120 But yeah,

03:07:20.460 that sentiment

03:07:20.940 among Americans

03:07:21.960 of not

03:07:22.780 getting involved

03:07:23.400 in European

03:07:23.920 conflicts or

03:07:24.720 entangling

03:07:25.180 alliances or

03:07:26.180 in wars that

03:07:28.260 would disrupt

03:07:28.820 trade and

03:07:29.540 free trade

03:07:30.280 with all,

03:07:30.760 war with

03:07:31.120 none,

03:07:31.960 that kind

03:07:32.400 of attitude,

03:07:32.800 that's very

03:07:33.620 early on in

03:07:34.280 the American

03:07:34.760 psyche and

03:07:35.880 it lasts

03:07:36.440 until

03:07:38.020 kind of

03:07:39.280 the

03:07:40.000 Roosevelt

03:07:40.600 era,

03:07:41.340 the Spanish

03:07:41.920 American

03:07:42.320 War,

03:07:42.760 then America

03:07:43.240 starts flirting

03:07:44.460 with imperialist

03:07:45.860 ideals and

03:07:47.380 eventually becomes

03:07:48.500 the hegemonic

03:07:49.180 world power

03:07:49.760 that is

03:07:50.200 today a

03:07:51.440 global empire,

03:07:52.760 a dying

03:07:53.620 global empire,

03:07:54.460 but a global

03:07:55.280 empire nonetheless.

03:08:02.280 Okay,

03:08:03.080 Iron Republic

03:08:03.940 said,

03:08:04.220 I just

03:08:04.440 discovered the

03:08:04.920 whitest place

03:08:05.440 in Alberta,

03:08:06.000 the donut

03:08:06.420 mill in

03:08:06.840 Red Deer.

03:08:07.480 Good to

03:08:07.800 know,

03:08:08.200 the donut

03:08:08.640 mill in

03:08:09.220 Red Deer.

03:08:10.020 Apparently

03:08:10.300 it's white 1.00

03:08:10.840 as fuck. 1.00

03:08:14.120 Snitter, 1.00

03:08:15.300 a mere

03:08:15.780 matter of

03:08:16.380 marching,

03:08:17.160 eh?

03:08:18.040 Yeah,

03:08:18.720 see,

03:08:19.020 this is where

03:08:19.500 you get to

03:08:19.960 dunk a little

03:08:20.440 on the

03:08:20.760 Americans,

03:08:21.940 you know?

03:08:23.180 You thought

03:08:23.880 you would

03:08:24.300 just walk

03:08:25.060 in here

03:08:25.680 and take

03:08:26.220 over the

03:08:26.720 place and

03:08:27.460 you got

03:08:27.880 sent packing,

03:08:29.000 you know?

03:08:29.360 It's fun.

03:08:33.260 Crisby says,

03:08:34.140 as an American,

03:08:35.140 I find it

03:08:35.560 funny hearing

03:08:36.120 that a

03:08:36.460 violation of

03:08:37.180 our sovereignty

03:08:37.800 at sea

03:08:38.280 was one

03:08:38.660 of the

03:08:38.900 excuses

03:08:39.320 for us

03:08:39.760 starting it

03:08:40.300 sounds a

03:08:41.060 lot like

03:08:41.420 the

03:08:41.560 Lusitania

03:08:42.080 and Gulf

03:08:42.480 of Tonkin.

03:08:43.780 Yeah,

03:08:44.080 what about

03:08:44.540 the bombing

03:08:45.700 of the

03:08:46.080 USS

03:08:46.460 Massachusetts?

03:08:48.060 It's not

03:08:48.420 just,

03:08:48.700 it goes

03:08:49.280 way beyond

03:08:49.840 that.

03:08:51.540 Almost every

03:08:52.560 American,

03:08:53.100 major American

03:08:54.100 engagement

03:08:54.720 since

03:08:55.840 the American

03:08:57.820 Revolution,

03:08:58.180 you could even

03:08:58.760 argue the

03:08:59.340 American

03:08:59.680 Revolution,

03:09:00.260 had elements

03:09:02.400 of the

03:09:03.480 Boston Tea

03:09:04.400 Party,

03:09:04.800 right?

03:09:05.120 What did

03:09:05.400 they do?

03:09:05.880 They unloaded

03:09:06.700 a ship and

03:09:07.260 dumped a

03:09:07.600 bunch of

03:09:07.880 tea in the

03:09:08.180 harbor,

03:09:08.460 but it's

03:09:09.120 always these

03:09:09.720 naval

03:09:10.600 incidents or

03:09:11.220 these incidents

03:09:11.800 involving some

03:09:12.520 kind of boat

03:09:13.120 that starts

03:09:14.040 these things.

03:09:15.240 So,

03:09:15.840 War of

03:09:16.220 1812,

03:09:17.040 you get

03:09:17.300 their violation

03:09:18.240 of their

03:09:18.740 sovereignty at

03:09:20.320 sea,

03:09:21.640 British raiding

03:09:22.580 American ships or

03:09:23.480 whatever for

03:09:24.100 British deserters.

03:09:25.580 the Spanish

03:09:27.500 American War,

03:09:29.880 you know,

03:09:30.320 they are,

03:09:31.260 this is an

03:09:32.300 interesting one.

03:09:33.420 There's

03:09:33.720 conspiracies about

03:09:34.760 this,

03:09:35.460 but basically,

03:09:36.260 I think it was

03:09:36.800 the USS,

03:09:37.640 it was either

03:09:38.000 the USS Maine

03:09:38.880 or the USS

03:09:39.480 Massachusetts.

03:09:40.560 I'm pretty sure

03:09:40.980 it was the USS

03:09:41.580 Massachusetts,

03:09:42.620 but it was

03:09:43.180 docked at a

03:09:43.780 harbor in

03:09:44.300 Havana and

03:09:45.300 it got,

03:09:45.820 it was blown

03:09:46.640 up and they

03:09:48.260 immediately blamed

03:09:49.200 the Spanish and

03:09:50.160 said it was the

03:09:51.060 Spanish that blew 1.00

03:09:51.980 up this ship.

03:09:54.340 It probably

03:09:55.300 wasn't.

03:09:56.040 It was,

03:09:56.580 it was probably

03:09:57.420 either an

03:09:58.180 accident as in 1.00

03:09:59.100 somebody fucked 0.99

03:09:59.840 up royally and 0.99

03:10:01.240 you know,

03:10:01.840 fire took place

03:10:03.200 in the magazine

03:10:03.840 of the ship or

03:10:04.480 whatever and

03:10:05.080 ended up,

03:10:05.820 you know,

03:10:06.080 exploding the

03:10:06.600 whole thing or

03:10:07.380 you know,

03:10:09.320 it was intentionally,

03:10:10.580 you know,

03:10:10.820 it was basically a

03:10:11.440 false flag and

03:10:12.160 the Americans

03:10:12.620 blew up their 0.89

03:10:13.260 own ship to

03:10:14.040 justify going to

03:10:14.900 war with Spain

03:10:15.580 because they

03:10:15.920 wanted Cuba 0.96

03:10:17.600 and Puerto

03:10:18.540 Rico and other

03:10:19.280 territories.

03:10:21.040 So,

03:10:21.680 you know,

03:10:22.780 yeah.

03:10:24.200 Um,

03:10:24.600 and then,

03:10:25.900 yeah,

03:10:26.180 obviously the

03:10:26.740 Lusitania,

03:10:27.940 Pearl Harbor,

03:10:29.240 Gulf of

03:10:29.600 Tonkin.

03:10:30.720 Um,

03:10:31.320 there was,

03:10:32.040 what is the

03:10:32.700 one,

03:10:33.140 um,

03:10:34.140 like the,

03:10:35.500 even like the

03:10:36.180 USS Liberty,

03:10:37.340 like think,

03:10:37.840 think about that

03:10:38.600 one,

03:10:38.840 the USS Liberty,

03:10:39.780 if it wasn't

03:10:40.960 known,

03:10:41.400 if there was

03:10:42.080 no survivors,

03:10:43.180 because that

03:10:43.940 was clearly the

03:10:45.020 intent of the

03:10:45.640 Israelis was to 0.99

03:10:46.480 leave no

03:10:46.920 survivors.

03:10:48.060 Imagine if that

03:10:48.900 ship had just

03:10:49.520 exploded and

03:10:50.280 gone down and

03:10:50.880 there was no,

03:10:51.420 you know,

03:10:51.720 no soul surviving.

03:10:52.700 What would that

03:10:53.880 have been used

03:10:54.380 to justify?

03:10:56.800 Isn't that

03:10:57.380 fun?

03:10:58.760 What would

03:10:59.300 they have

03:10:59.560 done?

03:11:02.040 If there

03:11:02.620 wasn't a

03:11:03.100 survivor to

03:11:04.280 claim that

03:11:05.220 was the

03:11:05.620 Israelis,

03:11:06.400 we saw

03:11:06.860 their planes,

03:11:08.040 what would

03:11:08.560 have been

03:11:08.900 done with

03:11:09.500 that incident?

03:11:11.180 Questions,

03:11:11.700 right?

03:11:16.740 Um,

03:11:18.020 Joe Schmoe

03:11:18.660 said memes

03:11:19.160 are older than

03:11:19.720 I thought.

03:11:20.140 Yeah,

03:11:20.260 you see a lot

03:11:20.840 of that in

03:11:21.140 this series in

03:11:21.720 general,

03:11:21.960 but that

03:11:22.380 last episode

03:11:23.520 was particularly

03:11:24.260 heavy on it

03:11:25.140 with the

03:11:27.960 cartoons and

03:11:28.820 things like

03:11:29.140 that.

03:11:29.840 And the way

03:11:30.420 they present

03:11:30.920 each other,

03:11:31.400 right,

03:11:32.500 is always

03:11:32.960 pretty funny.

03:11:34.760 They're very

03:11:35.720 cutting.

03:11:36.460 They're very

03:11:37.240 aggressive.

03:11:44.880 Celsa says

03:11:45.620 nobody wins.

03:11:46.760 Everybody

03:11:47.040 thought,

03:11:47.580 everyone thought

03:11:48.080 they won.

03:11:48.600 Perfect.

03:11:49.080 Yeah,

03:11:49.300 isn't that war

03:11:50.280 in general,

03:11:50.840 right?

03:11:51.060 definitely

03:11:52.460 there was

03:11:53.200 I think

03:11:55.480 obviously this

03:11:56.260 comes from

03:11:56.660 my bias

03:11:57.360 or it is

03:11:58.860 a Canadian

03:11:59.280 nationalist,

03:11:59.780 but I think

03:12:00.600 if there was

03:12:00.960 a winner

03:12:01.360 of that

03:12:01.800 war,

03:12:02.140 it was

03:12:02.380 us.

03:12:04.920 You know,

03:12:05.700 like the

03:12:06.500 Canada,

03:12:07.600 a colony

03:12:08.120 are strategic.

03:12:10.440 We had no

03:12:11.360 strategic aims

03:12:12.180 in that war.

03:12:13.660 It wasn't,

03:12:14.440 we didn't

03:12:14.640 declare it.

03:12:15.600 We weren't

03:12:15.980 the ones

03:12:16.560 that were

03:12:17.000 involved in

03:12:17.600 starting it.

03:12:18.160 it was

03:12:18.560 British,

03:12:19.320 you know,

03:12:19.720 I mean,

03:12:20.440 obviously we're

03:12:20.860 part of the

03:12:21.200 empire,

03:12:21.880 but it was

03:12:22.480 British imperial

03:12:23.300 actions outside

03:12:24.180 of the territory

03:12:24.920 of Canada

03:12:25.500 that were

03:12:25.980 causing the

03:12:26.480 issues with

03:12:26.880 America,

03:12:27.260 and we

03:12:27.820 became the

03:12:28.360 source of

03:12:29.380 American

03:12:30.260 hostilities.

03:12:30.960 They tried to

03:12:31.680 invade multiple

03:12:32.380 times.

03:12:32.840 They're pushed

03:12:33.240 back.

03:12:34.040 The territory

03:12:34.580 remains the

03:12:35.260 same.

03:12:35.640 Canada continues

03:12:36.340 to exist.

03:12:37.500 The British

03:12:38.020 don't necessarily

03:12:38.640 get what they

03:12:39.280 want.

03:12:39.620 The Americans

03:12:40.020 don't necessarily

03:12:40.640 get what they

03:12:41.120 want,

03:12:41.320 but we were

03:12:41.740 kind of the

03:12:42.200 monkey in the

03:12:42.720 middle in that 0.97

03:12:43.240 situation,

03:12:43.760 and we end

03:12:44.340 up fine.

03:12:44.960 To me,

03:12:47.400 it's a

03:12:47.880 Canadian

03:12:48.340 victory.

03:12:49.440 Maybe not a

03:12:50.160 British imperial

03:12:50.860 victory,

03:12:51.400 but certainly

03:12:51.860 Canada came 0.87

03:12:53.160 out victorious,

03:12:54.400 or at least

03:12:55.740 that's how I'm

03:12:56.260 going to cope

03:12:56.620 about it.

03:13:01.140 Snitter says

03:13:02.480 they tried to

03:13:03.220 rock up,

03:13:03.780 and we told

03:13:04.180 them to

03:13:04.440 sod off.

03:13:05.220 Yeah,

03:13:05.480 kick rocks,

03:13:06.260 bud.

03:13:10.880 Shamrock

03:13:11.320 Shake

03:13:11.560 said,

03:13:11.920 did they even

03:13:12.860 mention Laura

03:13:13.360 Secret?

03:13:13.640 No,

03:13:14.080 and I brought

03:13:14.780 that up at

03:13:15.220 one point

03:13:15.640 during the

03:13:16.840 clips there,

03:13:17.520 that they

03:13:18.540 didn't really

03:13:18.960 add as much

03:13:19.620 color as they

03:13:20.360 could have,

03:13:20.780 but in order

03:13:21.200 to do that,

03:13:21.900 they would

03:13:22.180 need two or

03:13:23.220 three hours.

03:13:23.960 I'm going

03:13:24.540 through one

03:13:25.000 episode,

03:13:25.460 and I've

03:13:25.660 already gone

03:13:26.300 over three

03:13:26.920 hours and

03:13:27.340 13 minutes,

03:13:28.020 and I'm not

03:13:28.600 even providing

03:13:29.180 that detail

03:13:29.840 of information.

03:13:31.020 I'm just

03:13:31.240 providing a

03:13:31.720 little bit

03:13:32.020 more color

03:13:32.580 and commentary

03:13:33.180 on what was

03:13:35.220 discussed.

03:13:38.320 Raid Siren

03:13:39.060 says,

03:13:39.380 we Canadians

03:13:39.860 have a long

03:13:40.380 history of

03:13:40.940 beating off

03:13:41.480 and penetrating

03:13:42.120 America.

03:13:42.780 You're 1.00

03:13:42.960 goddamn 0.97

03:13:43.320 right we 0.86

03:13:43.800 do get 1.00

03:13:45.260 fucked by 1.00

03:13:45.780 the long 1.00

03:13:46.220 dick of 1.00

03:13:46.620 the

03:13:46.760 Canuck.

03:13:49.500 All right.

03:13:55.320 I'm just

03:13:56.020 kidding,

03:13:56.380 obviously.

03:13:58.100 All right.

03:13:58.460 that was

03:14:05.940 everything I

03:14:06.480 had marked

03:14:08.240 out in

03:14:08.620 terms of

03:14:08.940 comments and

03:14:09.420 things like

03:14:09.780 that.

03:14:10.060 yeah,

03:14:25.480 with that,

03:14:26.040 we'll probably

03:14:26.580 just wrap up

03:14:27.120 the show.

03:14:27.660 I hope

03:14:27.980 everybody

03:14:28.300 enjoyed that.

03:14:31.100 Next week,

03:14:31.720 it gets into

03:14:32.140 more,

03:14:32.880 it's more

03:14:33.740 of a,

03:14:34.400 it's less

03:14:36.640 exciting.

03:14:37.000 I'm just

03:14:37.280 going to

03:14:37.440 say it

03:14:37.720 like that.

03:14:39.140 It's

03:14:39.500 more

03:14:39.700 political

03:14:40.180 history

03:14:40.760 than it

03:14:41.100 is

03:14:41.300 military

03:14:41.760 history.

03:14:42.580 Obviously,

03:14:43.040 military

03:14:43.440 history

03:14:43.880 tends to

03:14:44.340 be more

03:14:44.800 engaging

03:14:45.400 and exciting.

03:14:47.020 This doesn't

03:14:47.680 really cover

03:14:48.180 as much

03:14:48.760 that.

03:14:49.540 But yeah,

03:14:50.160 we'll return

03:14:50.820 with

03:14:51.280 creation of

03:14:53.640 Canada part

03:14:54.260 four next

03:14:56.160 week,

03:14:56.640 which is

03:14:57.600 dangerous

03:14:58.480 decades.

03:14:59.400 I'm pretty

03:14:59.960 sure is the

03:15:00.560 title of

03:15:00.940 1818 to

03:15:08.100 1846.

03:15:09.920 And obviously

03:15:10.660 it's referring

03:15:11.340 to a time

03:15:11.680 where the

03:15:12.480 state of

03:15:14.180 the Canadian

03:15:14.800 entity is

03:15:16.500 delicate.

03:15:18.240 In the same

03:15:18.660 way that

03:15:18.860 America was

03:15:19.480 delicate after

03:15:20.680 the revolution,

03:15:21.660 the same thing

03:15:22.040 is going on

03:15:22.440 in Canada,

03:15:22.860 where you have

03:15:23.160 these kind

03:15:23.500 of identities

03:15:25.120 starting to

03:15:25.620 formulate,

03:15:26.120 but not

03:15:26.320 really solidified

03:15:27.120 completely into

03:15:29.280 a stable

03:15:29.780 entity.

03:15:30.140 With that,

03:15:34.000 we'll leave

03:15:34.680 you guys for

03:15:35.100 the weekend.

03:15:35.800 Thanks,

03:15:36.120 everybody,

03:15:36.460 for tuning

03:15:36.780 in.

03:15:37.140 I hope you

03:15:37.480 appreciated

03:15:37.940 that.

03:15:38.880 I'm enjoying

03:15:39.680 doing it.

03:15:41.420 I don't

03:15:42.340 know if

03:15:44.400 I'll be

03:15:44.740 back next

03:15:45.540 week.

03:15:46.220 If not,

03:15:47.800 it'll be the

03:15:48.260 following week

03:15:48.880 just because

03:15:51.480 I've got some

03:15:51.980 other stuff

03:15:52.380 going on.

03:15:53.800 So we'll

03:15:54.460 see if I

03:15:54.840 can do it

03:15:55.320 or not.

03:15:56.020 If I do,

03:15:56.500 it'll probably

03:15:57.220 have to be

03:15:57.720 the Friday.

03:16:00.140 So we'll

03:16:00.620 see.

03:16:01.280 But it

03:16:01.860 might be

03:16:02.120 two weeks.

03:16:02.840 So yeah,

03:16:04.260 hopefully we'll

03:16:05.180 see you guys

03:16:05.720 then.

03:16:06.880 I'll probably

03:16:07.600 be back for

03:16:08.200 Platte Army

03:16:08.660 tomorrow.

03:16:09.980 Should be

03:16:10.580 back to the

03:16:11.620 regular Tuesday

03:16:12.480 slot for the

03:16:13.240 Daily Tool.

03:16:15.140 I'm hoping

03:16:15.860 to get some

03:16:18.920 special guests

03:16:19.720 for some

03:16:20.300 special streams

03:16:21.120 in the next

03:16:22.180 couple weeks.

03:16:23.040 So keep your

03:16:25.160 eyes open for

03:16:25.700 that.

03:16:26.520 You guys will

03:16:26.980 definitely want to

03:16:27.620 tune into these

03:16:28.180 ones, though,

03:16:28.580 if we can

03:16:28.960 get them.

03:16:30.280 I'm sure

03:16:30.560 you can guess

03:16:31.180 who I'm

03:16:32.200 trying to

03:16:32.520 get.

03:16:33.460 But yeah,

03:16:34.220 it'll be

03:16:34.660 one you

03:16:36.140 don't miss.

03:16:38.740 All right.

03:16:39.320 Cheers,

03:16:39.600 everybody.

03:16:40.380 Enjoy the

03:16:40.680 rest of your

03:16:40.960 weekend.

03:16:41.720 Sorry,

03:16:42.900 just before I

03:16:44.000 was about to

03:16:44.380 hit end

03:16:44.720 stream and

03:16:45.180 then mad

03:16:46.320 choice there

03:16:47.060 on Rumble

03:16:47.720 with the

03:16:48.340 big dono

03:16:49.020 and the

03:16:49.420 old giver.

03:16:50.740 So thank

03:16:51.140 you very much

03:16:51.640 for that,

03:16:52.060 sir.

03:16:52.300 Really

03:16:52.520 appreciate

03:16:52.960 that.

03:16:53.320 OK,

03:16:58.200 not everybody

03:16:58.700 cheers.

The Ferryman's Toll - November 16, 2025

The Nationalist Film Board - Creation of Canada - Episode 3

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Summary

Transcript