The Ferryman's Toll - The Nationalist Film Board - Creation of Canada

00:00:00.000 Thank you.

00:00:30.000 Thank you.

00:01:00.000 Thank you.

00:01:30.000 Welcome back, everyone, to another episode of the Nationalist Film Board.

00:01:36.240 Tonight, we're going to be discussing episode six of Creation of Canada, the friendly 50s and the sinister 60s.

00:01:46.340 The period covers roughly 1850 to 1863, but it goes back a little bit as well.

00:02:24.340 For the most part, as well as the Redskins.

00:02:27.880 This episode covers, obviously, 1850 to 1863, as I said.

00:02:36.520 So it gets into the American Civil War, and that kind of dominates this episode.

00:02:41.780 I don't really know how I feel about this episode.

00:02:45.740 To me, it's pretty heavy on the American Civil War, which is essential because it kind of sets up the next episode.

00:02:54.600 And, you know, it's not by accident that in 1864, you really see a push among Canadian politicians and some factions within the British Empire to resolve issues with governance in Canada and give them more autonomy, give us more autonomy.

00:03:14.300 This is because there was fears that, you know, the U.S. had a very, very large, mobilized military at the time.

00:03:25.680 And, you know, as we've seen in the previous episodes, a recurring theme was whether or not the United States would make another attempt to annex Canada or invade or, you know, whatever, annex parts of the country, etc.

00:03:42.980 So it was about resolving those issues.

00:03:46.360 It was about uniting, you know, these separate colonies.

00:03:49.740 You had New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Canada, British Columbia at the time.

00:03:56.460 I think Vancouver Island was technically its own colony as well.

00:03:59.060 And so you had all of these British colonies operating, you know, somewhat independently, and this was not beneficial to their standing on the continent.

00:04:07.480 So we'll see this in the next episode a lot.

00:04:10.840 Obviously, the next episode gets into confederation because we're in that time period.

00:04:15.260 It also goes through, you know, the end of the American Civil War, you know, how the North won, the Fenian raids, you know, British imperialism versus British capitalism, you know, two things that often worked in tandem, but are at times were very much at odds with one another.

00:04:37.560 They're not the same thing.

00:04:38.520 So anyways, we will get into that next episode.

00:04:44.180 So this one should be a little bit shorter.

00:04:46.620 The reason why is because, as I said, it focuses very heavily on the American Civil War.

00:04:53.360 And I'm not interested in doing a revisionist history of the American Civil War or, you know, getting a trying to unpack it.

00:05:01.940 One, many other people have already done this and they'll do a much better job of it than I will.

00:05:09.400 So if you're really interested in hearing, you know, what they call Southern apologists or, you know, the Southern perspective or, you know, American Civil War visionism, you can go find people who have done way better work on it than I have.

00:05:23.680 And I would recommend that you do the other thing about this as well is that there's just a lot of the reason we'll see this in this episode, obviously, but a lot of the reasons that, you know, this episode is kind of like there's not that much to discuss is because honestly, not that much happens in Canada.

00:05:44.520 It's very much a period of is something going to happen and there's fears that something could happen, but it's not like this was aside from planting the seeds of Confederation and kind of giving Canadian leaders a kick in the ass to start sorting out their their disunity.

00:06:03.920 Nothing really happens to Canada in this time period, there's some interesting tidbits, obviously, but there really wasn't that much for me to pick at unless I wanted to, you know, dissect the American Civil War.

00:06:16.080 So with all that said, I think I've talked enough. Let's get right into it. Actually, before I do, I'll just do these now.

00:06:25.260 Um, so, uh, Malibu Coke again, uh, gifted 20 subscriptions. Thank you so much. Um, it's, it actually is making a huge difference. I really do appreciate that. And, uh, you gotta, you gotta let me know if like, is it he or she, cause I'm not familiar with who you are. Um, but they did clarify, this is from my stream that I did last night, but, uh, Canadian AH is anti-hate. It's a flex, not even remembering those guys.

00:06:54.860 Yeah. I think it's funny that like when I saw Canadian AH, I, I had no idea, like, that's the last thing that I would have thought of for some reason. So, uh, thank you for clarifying that. And yeah, anti-hate has driven support to us, uh, before, maybe not a ton, but people have definitely found us because they go to anti-hate and they see the articles and like, these guys sound great. So, uh, if that's how you found us, thanks. Thanks, Evan. Thanks, Bernie. Thanks, Richard. Thanks, Liz. Thanks. Uh, you know, Peter. Thanks guys.

00:07:24.860 You're, you're helping us grow. Um, appreciate it. And, uh, cooking room job says, uh, no horrible super chats today. Much appreciate this informative stuff and commentary. You know, your history. Um, yeah, I, I, I know more probably than the average person does, but the, the thing about history is that the more, like all things, the more you learn about it, the more you realize how little,

00:07:50.860 you know about it, right. So there's always more to learn. And, um, yeah, it's just, uh, that's one of the great things about history is you can just always go down another, uh, path and learn something new. So, yeah. And, uh, he also cooking room job also gifted one subscription. So thanks a lot, man. I appreciate that. All right. Um, Malibu Coke is posting his, his pronouns there. It's he, him. All right. Thank you very much. Uh, Malibu Coke. I really appreciate your support.

00:08:18.860 Um, okay. Without further ado, let's get into it. This is a creation of Canada part six, the friendly fifties and the sinister sixties. Cheers.

00:08:48.860 Thank you.

00:09:18.860 By the late 1850s, the boundary line between Canada and the United States

00:09:45.860 was well established after three quarters of a century of disputes, wars, and near wars.

00:09:52.840 And yet, in a way, the struggle for a border was far from over.

00:09:58.620 For one thing, Canada could still be a handy military target in any future quarrel between Britain and the United States.

00:10:07.460 Also, there was a vast and still empty territory in the West, which was under British rule.

00:10:13.560 What if this were to attract a great tide of American settlers?

00:10:19.140 And then there was the economic factor.

00:10:22.240 A decade earlier, there had been depression in Canada,

00:10:25.920 and this had led some influential Canadians to advocate joining the richer United States.

00:10:32.640 This annexationist movement was short-lived,

00:10:35.980 and the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 gave a great boost to trade between the two countries,

00:10:42.000 helping to bring a measure of prosperity back to Canada.

00:10:46.760 Trade, flowing north and south, flourished.

00:10:50.620 But East-West trade within British North America, which was felt essential,

00:10:55.800 was not developing quickly enough.

00:10:58.660 Sheer size always seemed to give the Americans a great competitive advantage.

00:11:03.460 Some Americans had seen reciprocity as a means of annexing Canada peacefully,

00:11:09.980 and some Canadians would later wonder whether they had not been right.

00:11:14.280 The growing commercial centers of Canada West, Hamilton, London, and Toronto,

00:11:24.480 reflected the prosperity of the years after the Reciprocity Treaty.

00:11:28.940 And it was here that the first stirrings of ambition to expand Canada's territory westward began to appear.

00:11:35.160 Books about the Great West aroused wide interest with their accounts of the prairies.

00:11:46.540 For recent immigrants, there might be farms in this huge area that now supported only the Indian hunter and the buffalo.

00:11:53.420 And for businessmen, settlers would mean more markets.

00:11:58.500 This west was British, not American, and might be made Canadian.

00:12:05.360 Surely it could someday be put to far more profitable use than this.

00:12:09.340 Here was room to expand a Canada that was still little more than a thin strip of land from Quebec to Detroit.

00:12:26.040 For the Indian wanderers of these plains, the only white authority so far was represented by the Hudson's Bay Company,

00:12:33.620 whose forts and outposts had a monopoly on the fur trade in this region.

00:12:37.660 In dealing with the Indians, the company's agents had almost two centuries of experience behind them,

00:12:44.860 and they had worked out trading arrangements with a minimum of liquor and violence.

00:12:50.040 The company had a clear-cut attitude toward the Indians, to preserve their status as hunters.

00:13:00.040 In canoes paddled by their employees, Hudson's Bay agents traversed an empire west of the bay,

00:13:07.660 from the American border to Alaska.

00:13:10.460 And with firm authority, they ruled this land on behalf of both the company and the crown.

00:13:19.940 Settlers had not flourished in this fur country,

00:13:23.080 and there were barely a thousand from outside, mostly around Fort Gary.

00:13:26.880 In addition, there were the Métis, a more indigenous group descended from Europeans who had married Indians.

00:13:35.220 They were independent-minded people, mostly interested in hunting the buffalo and doing some trading.

00:13:41.120 But agriculture on the vast prairie was a secondary interest.

00:13:45.520 North of the prairies, the forests were a temptation for those hunters who cared little for the regulations of the Hudson's Bay Company.

00:14:11.100 These free and independent spirits roamed an area too big for the company to control,

00:14:17.840 and sought ways to sell their furs outside the monopoly.

00:14:21.920 It was illicit, but far more profitable for the hunters.

00:14:25.080 The 1850s brought a considerable increase in the number of unlicensed hunters operating in the company's northern territory.

00:14:40.440 For now, there were other buyers of furs across the border in fast-growing Minnesota.

00:14:45.680 The capital of Minnesota, St. Paul, was 500 miles south of Fort Gary,

00:14:52.120 but it was quite accessible to Métis and their carts.

00:15:01.540 In Washington over the years, federal authorities had worked steadily to reconcile the Indians to white settlement in the northwest.

00:15:08.740 By 1837, treaties had opened up lands directly south of Fort Gary,

00:15:15.020 and by 1849, the territory of Minnesota had been established.

00:15:21.240 Then came further concessions by the Indians that seemed to mark their final acceptance of American authority.

00:15:27.660 The white population grew to 150,000,

00:15:32.400 and in 1858, Minnesota became a full-fledged state with appropriate fanfare.

00:15:46.660 A populated Minnesota brought an end to the old isolation of the British West

00:15:51.960 and a new challenge to the monopoly of the Hudson's Bay Company.

00:15:58.100 Long rows of Métis carts were soon operating on a big scale along regular routes,

00:16:03.800 bringing both legal and illicit goods to St. Paul,

00:16:07.040 where they could be loaded onto Mississippi steamboats.

00:16:09.520 In sharp contrast, the route from the British West to the boundary of Canada proper

00:16:20.040 could still be traversed only by canoes, not by steamboats.

00:16:25.400 It was difficult and often dangerous.

00:16:27.780 In the late 1850s, the Canadian government sent an expedition to the West

00:16:37.820 to look for ways to compete with St. Paul,

00:16:41.020 perhaps even through the creation of an overland route.

00:16:44.920 The expedition had been inspired by expansionists in Canada

00:16:48.280 who dreamed of a much larger country.

00:16:50.780 At the same time, John Palliser was exploring the buffalo country,

00:17:01.260 investigating agricultural possibilities for British interests.

00:17:05.320 The buffalo seemed numberless,

00:17:07.320 but they were being hunted so mercilessly

00:17:09.540 that they were starting to show the first ominous signs of decrease.

00:17:15.120 For the Indians of the plains,

00:17:17.460 the winds of change were beginning to be felt.

00:17:19.580 Settlement might still be far off,

00:17:22.840 but the white man's interest was a source of worry.

00:17:30.400 The last big step in fixing the boundary

00:17:33.600 had come when Britain and the United States

00:17:36.600 extended the 49th parallel line to the Pacific.

00:17:40.820 What remained to Britain in the far West

00:17:42.820 was a spectacular region of snowy peaks,

00:17:46.340 spreading forests, and racing rivers.

00:17:48.220 It was an unspoiled sanctuary for fish and for fur-bearing animals

00:17:53.360 and for the Indian tribes that hunted them.

00:18:01.740 The Hudson's Bay Company ruled here, too,

00:18:04.560 and in 1843, the company built Fort Victoria on Vancouver Island.

00:18:10.200 A few years later, Britain made the island a crown colony,

00:18:14.980 and settlement was to be encouraged

00:18:17.080 to offset American growth in adjacent Oregon.

00:18:20.860 But the administration of the colony

00:18:22.780 was in the hands of the Hudson's Bay Company,

00:18:25.380 whose main interest was in the nearby mainland

00:18:27.860 with its rich store of furs.

00:18:30.060 As always, it was this, not farming,

00:18:34.200 that motivated the company.

00:18:40.760 And so Victoria remained stagnant.

00:18:44.160 But then came electrifying news.

00:18:47.320 Gold had been discovered.

00:18:49.440 The harbor came to life as the news spread,

00:18:52.220 and thousands of fortune hunters poured in.

00:18:58.440 The miners were almost all Americans,

00:19:01.380 and by the end of the first year of the gold rush,

00:19:04.360 some 20,000 of them had passed through the port of Victoria.

00:19:08.300 They were on their way to the mainland

00:19:10.220 of what is now British Columbia,

00:19:12.660 where the gold was.

00:19:13.840 Over tortuous mountain trails

00:19:21.960 and across tumbling rivers,

00:19:24.960 the lust for gold drove the prospectors

00:19:27.620 into deadly dangers.

00:19:33.840 Authority, in the form of James Douglas,

00:19:37.460 governor of Vancouver Island,

00:19:39.640 had reluctantly licensed American ships

00:19:41.780 to carry passengers to the gold fields.

00:19:45.340 Here, in the interior,

00:19:46.980 was a huge area that was technically

00:19:48.860 outside Douglas' jurisdiction,

00:19:51.240 and it looked as though the Americans

00:19:53.020 were taking over.

00:19:57.900 On the Fraser River,

00:19:59.720 an American-style town called Yale

00:20:02.200 sprang up in an area

00:20:03.440 where the British had not yet created a government.

00:20:07.400 Alarmed that the Americans might set up their own,

00:20:09.760 Douglas assumed the reins of government himself

00:20:12.940 without waiting for authorization

00:20:14.920 and showed the flag.

00:20:17.780 And he was vindicated

00:20:18.800 when London hastily created

00:20:20.820 the colony of British Columbia

00:20:22.820 and invited Douglas to be its first governor.

00:20:30.840 Two years later,

00:20:32.680 another wave of American fortune hunters

00:20:34.900 poured into the caribou area

00:20:36.460 where there had been new discoveries of gold.

00:20:39.920 Now,

00:20:40.600 they were no longer operating

00:20:42.200 in a political vacuum,

00:20:43.920 but under firm British rule.

00:20:46.620 Yet the miners were naturally

00:20:48.420 American in outlook.

00:20:50.240 And for the moment,

00:20:51.640 the new colony

00:20:52.340 was really part of the great American frontier.

00:20:55.140 Thus the struggle for a border

00:21:03.320 did, in a sense, continue.

00:21:06.780 West of the Great Lakes,

00:21:08.300 there was a growing connection

00:21:09.580 between Minnesota

00:21:10.760 and the British territory to the north.

00:21:13.880 This link would give the Americans

00:21:15.420 an advantage

00:21:16.100 in any future competition

00:21:17.840 with Canadian expansionists

00:21:19.680 who were eyeing the British West

00:21:21.880 from Toronto.

00:21:22.560 And in the Far West,

00:21:25.960 British Columbia

00:21:26.640 was largely populated

00:21:28.020 by Americans

00:21:28.720 who someday

00:21:29.860 might want to come

00:21:31.120 under Washington's wing.

00:21:33.460 As for Canada proper

00:21:35.020 in the East,

00:21:36.780 she was always a possible victim

00:21:38.340 if the United States

00:21:39.900 and Britain

00:21:40.420 ever came to blows.

00:21:42.680 But avoiding this

00:21:43.940 had been British policy.

00:21:45.920 And now in the 1850s,

00:21:48.000 it looked as though

00:21:48.800 real Anglo-American friendship

00:21:50.940 might be at hand.

00:21:52.560 America's brother Jonathan

00:21:56.780 found that Britain's John Bull

00:21:59.360 seemed willing to put aside

00:22:01.320 past animosities.

00:22:03.460 And in 1855,

00:22:05.300 there came a gesture

00:22:06.480 from the United States

00:22:07.740 that was perhaps symbolic.

00:22:10.660 It involved the Resolute,

00:22:12.920 an Arctic exploration ship

00:22:14.440 that the British

00:22:15.320 had had to abandon

00:22:16.240 in the far north.

00:22:18.220 She had drifted south

00:22:19.300 and had been salvaged

00:22:20.780 by an American whaler.

00:22:22.700 The American government

00:22:24.100 bought the Resolute

00:22:25.120 and returned her to Britain

00:22:26.840 as a gift.

00:22:27.440 But in England,

00:22:35.460 preparations were underway

00:22:36.740 for an event

00:22:37.620 that seemed even more significant

00:22:39.360 for Anglo-American friendship,

00:22:42.040 where they were getting ready

00:22:42.980 to lay the first

00:22:43.920 transatlantic cable.

00:22:46.160 There was something miraculous

00:22:47.720 about the unwinding

00:22:49.060 of this fragile link

00:22:50.460 across 2,000 miles

00:22:52.520 of dark ocean floor.

00:22:54.760 And its progress

00:22:55.560 was followed

00:22:56.180 with passionate interest.

00:23:01.740 When it was finally brought ashore

00:23:03.680 in North America,

00:23:04.940 there were tremendous celebrations.

00:23:07.160 And in New York,

00:23:08.340 a triumphal parade

00:23:09.560 down Broadway.

00:23:10.340 The cable engineers

00:23:15.940 accomplished their feat

00:23:17.160 in an age

00:23:18.040 that worshipped progress.

00:23:20.560 Better communications

00:23:21.420 could only mean

00:23:22.920 better understanding.

00:23:24.880 And cartoonists

00:23:25.620 were sure

00:23:26.340 that the Atlantic

00:23:27.160 had now become

00:23:28.260 a friendly pond.

00:23:34.000 A majestic ship

00:23:35.640 to carry

00:23:36.500 a royal traveler,

00:23:38.240 the Prince of Wales,

00:23:39.220 who came to North America

00:23:41.020 in 1860.

00:23:43.220 In Halifax,

00:23:44.320 the crowds knew

00:23:45.420 that this unprecedented visit

00:23:46.940 by a future king

00:23:47.980 meant recognition

00:23:49.340 of the growing importance

00:23:51.020 of British North America.

00:23:53.120 And they responded

00:23:54.140 by making it clear

00:23:55.620 to Britons

00:23:56.500 and Americans alike

00:23:57.560 that they still preferred

00:23:59.360 monarchy

00:23:59.800 to republicanism.

00:24:01.140 In Quebec, too,

00:24:10.240 there were believers

00:24:10.880 in monarchy

00:24:11.460 to welcome

00:24:12.080 the royal visitor.

00:24:13.660 Although they might regret

00:24:14.740 that the prince in question

00:24:15.820 was not French,

00:24:17.740 but he was received

00:24:18.800 with friendly politeness.

00:24:20.880 And in Montreal,

00:24:22.060 there were cheers

00:24:22.820 for his royal highness,

00:24:24.520 especially when he paid tribute

00:24:25.900 to one of the engineering

00:24:27.360 marbles of the age,

00:24:28.580 driving home the last rivet

00:24:30.620 in the new Victoria Bridge.

00:24:36.540 And in Ottawa,

00:24:38.140 just for fun,

00:24:39.580 the prince had a ride

00:24:40.520 on that great Canadian institution,

00:24:43.100 the timber raft.

00:24:43.880 After his Canadian tour,

00:24:51.500 the prince went to Washington.

00:24:53.560 And there,

00:24:54.280 the future king of England

00:24:55.280 met President Buchanan,

00:24:57.540 who assured him

00:24:58.460 of American friendship.

00:25:04.580 But what was really revealing

00:25:06.420 was the enthusiastic reception

00:25:08.760 given to the prince

00:25:09.740 in several American cities.

00:25:11.340 The people had forgotten

00:25:13.600 how their grandfathers

00:25:14.840 hated King George III.

00:25:17.560 And when the prince

00:25:18.540 bowed his head

00:25:19.480 at the tomb

00:25:20.440 of George Washington,

00:25:22.000 it looked as though

00:25:22.920 the old Anglo-American hostility

00:25:25.080 had at last

00:25:26.320 come to an end.

00:25:32.480 But the southern states

00:25:34.040 were not on the itinerary

00:25:35.500 of the young prince.

00:25:36.360 So he never saw

00:25:38.140 the luxurious facade

00:25:39.280 of the Old South

00:25:40.340 or the sinister foundation

00:25:42.520 of slavery

00:25:43.180 on which it rested.

00:25:45.560 In 1860,

00:25:47.580 there were almost

00:25:48.440 four million slaves

00:25:50.000 in the 16 states

00:25:51.460 where slavery was legal

00:25:52.580 and where Negroes

00:25:53.960 were advertised for sale

00:25:55.440 like any other merchandise.

00:25:57.000 Many of the founding fathers

00:26:04.800 of the republic

00:26:05.600 had deplored this trade

00:26:07.420 in human beings

00:26:08.260 and had hoped

00:26:09.520 that the slaves

00:26:10.240 would slowly be freed.

00:26:12.540 But instead,

00:26:14.020 slavery grew,

00:26:15.660 especially after the invention

00:26:16.940 of the cotton gin.

00:26:18.840 This machine had made

00:26:20.180 cotton growing

00:26:20.920 immensely profitable,

00:26:22.800 leading to huge plantations

00:26:24.440 that wanted more

00:26:25.660 and more Negroes.

00:26:31.060 But slavery

00:26:32.100 tormented the consciences

00:26:33.460 of many Americans,

00:26:35.220 like William Lloyd Garrison,

00:26:36.980 who led a movement

00:26:37.680 for its abolition.

00:26:40.060 For white opponents

00:26:40.960 of slavery,

00:26:42.200 the fact that the country

00:26:43.220 was divided

00:26:43.800 into a slave area

00:26:45.020 and a free area

00:26:46.200 offered an opportunity

00:26:47.920 to do something about it.

00:26:50.420 Over the years,

00:26:51.840 the Underground Railway

00:26:53.200 had been developed.

00:26:54.440 A number of secret routes

00:26:55.760 over which runaway slaves

00:26:57.340 could flee to sanctuary

00:26:58.880 in the North

00:26:59.640 with the help

00:27:00.640 of sympathizers

00:27:01.480 along the way.

00:27:08.560 But after 1850,

00:27:11.040 the Fugitive Slave Act,

00:27:12.860 called Kidnapping

00:27:13.920 by its opponents,

00:27:15.600 permitted the pursuit

00:27:16.740 and arrest

00:27:17.440 of runaway slaves

00:27:18.440 who had reached the North.

00:27:20.460 It meant new terrors

00:27:22.200 for those who sought freedom.

00:27:24.440 public opinion in the North

00:27:31.300 was aroused

00:27:32.060 by ugly incidents

00:27:33.300 involving the activities

00:27:34.620 of the slave catchers.

00:27:37.140 Determined to block

00:27:38.220 enforcement of the law,

00:27:40.140 many Northerners

00:27:40.940 helped to extend

00:27:41.760 the Underground Railway

00:27:42.980 into Canada,

00:27:44.320 where slavery was illegal

00:27:45.700 and where there could be

00:27:47.080 no extradition.

00:27:48.060 Thus, in the 1850s,

00:27:51.480 several thousand slaves

00:27:52.900 who had been hounded

00:27:53.700 across the United States

00:27:55.120 finally found a haven

00:27:56.880 in Canada.

00:28:03.920 Meanwhile,

00:28:05.240 Uncle Tom's Cabin

00:28:06.580 had become the best seller

00:28:08.040 of the age

00:28:08.860 with its story of Topsy

00:28:10.860 and Little Eva

00:28:11.740 and its indictment

00:28:13.240 of slavery.

00:28:14.880 And its readers

00:28:15.640 were deeply moved

00:28:16.860 by the plight of Eliza

00:28:18.300 pursued by bloodhounds.

00:28:24.940 In the North,

00:28:26.680 stage plays

00:28:27.400 often dealt

00:28:28.160 with the brutality

00:28:28.980 of slave owners

00:28:29.920 with their quips

00:28:31.380 and branding irons.

00:28:33.740 Public opinion

00:28:34.340 was inflamed

00:28:35.180 and there was a claim

00:28:36.780 for crusaders

00:28:37.520 like John Brown,

00:28:39.160 whose anti-slavery raid

00:28:40.620 in Virginia

00:28:41.260 led to his execution

00:28:43.020 and everlasting renown.

00:28:46.140 So great

00:28:46.840 were the passions

00:28:47.480 of the day

00:28:48.100 that Senator Charles Sumner,

00:28:50.640 an abolitionist,

00:28:51.840 was beaten up

00:28:52.660 on the very floor

00:28:53.620 of the Senate.

00:28:54.980 His attacker

00:28:55.560 was Senator Charles Brooks

00:28:57.120 of South Carolina,

00:28:58.840 a man in the tradition

00:28:59.880 of the famous

00:29:00.580 John Calhoun,

00:29:02.680 bitter apologist

00:29:03.520 of the South.

00:29:05.180 Slavery was paternalistic

00:29:10.760 and a positive good,

00:29:13.000 according to John Calhoun.

00:29:15.300 But he also called it

00:29:16.600 a practical necessity

00:29:18.140 if the South

00:29:19.320 was to flourish.

00:29:21.040 For the production

00:29:21.880 of cotton

00:29:22.520 had reached

00:29:23.520 immense proportions

00:29:24.480 and there were

00:29:25.880 huge fortunes

00:29:26.840 to be made

00:29:27.500 in supplying

00:29:28.380 the mills

00:29:28.940 of New England

00:29:29.560 and Britain.

00:29:31.300 This wealth

00:29:32.300 had given the South

00:29:33.900 the arrogance

00:29:34.760 of a spoiled child.

00:29:39.660 Southern bullying

00:29:40.820 of the North

00:29:41.580 went so far

00:29:42.720 as to involve

00:29:43.620 federal government

00:29:44.500 officials

00:29:45.060 in the Ostend Manifesto,

00:29:47.560 a sinister document

00:29:48.800 calling for the

00:29:50.020 annexation of Cuba,

00:29:51.680 which would become

00:29:52.480 American slave territory.

00:29:54.820 This aggressiveness

00:29:56.260 arose from a vision

00:29:57.600 of the South's

00:29:58.560 manifest destiny,

00:29:59.640 which dreamed of a huge

00:30:01.840 independent slave-holding

00:30:03.480 area stretching from

00:30:04.960 Kansas down into

00:30:06.480 Latin America.

00:30:07.280 Abraham Lincoln

00:30:16.680 was determined to

00:30:18.200 prevent the expansion

00:30:19.400 of slavery.

00:30:20.920 This Illinois lawyer

00:30:22.280 was the Republican

00:30:23.120 candidate for the

00:30:24.020 presidency,

00:30:25.020 and many in the South

00:30:26.480 clearly saw him

00:30:27.720 as their nemesis,

00:30:29.400 a man whose ideas

00:30:30.540 would force them

00:30:31.380 to desperate measures.

00:30:32.460 And Lincoln's victory

00:30:34.700 in the critical election

00:30:35.780 of 1860

00:30:36.780 did hasten the hour

00:30:38.440 of decision

00:30:39.020 for the South.

00:30:44.980 At the same time

00:30:46.340 in Washington,

00:30:47.700 William H. Seward

00:30:48.680 was playing

00:30:49.560 with the idea

00:30:50.320 that provoking

00:30:51.500 a foreign war

00:30:52.600 might serve to avert

00:30:54.120 a civil war

00:30:54.960 in the United States.

00:30:56.800 A leading

00:30:57.520 Republican politician,

00:30:59.540 Seward had often

00:31:00.300 argued that the

00:31:01.400 country must acquire

00:31:02.640 more territory.

00:31:07.880 Seward sounded

00:31:09.060 as though he wanted

00:31:09.980 to expand the

00:31:10.860 United States

00:31:11.680 all the way

00:31:12.580 to the North Pole,

00:31:14.140 and Canada's

00:31:15.160 uneasiness increased

00:31:16.540 when Seward

00:31:17.600 became Lincoln's

00:31:18.660 Secretary of State.

00:31:21.040 Grandiose visions

00:31:22.000 might now

00:31:23.020 become policy.

00:31:27.120 Soon after

00:31:28.120 Lincoln's election,

00:31:29.740 seven southern states

00:31:31.100 quit the Union,

00:31:33.140 and Jefferson Davis

00:31:34.140 became their president

00:31:35.180 in a convention

00:31:36.320 at Montgomery, Alabama,

00:31:38.480 where they met

00:31:39.060 to create

00:31:39.660 the Confederate states

00:31:40.920 of America.

00:31:42.320 Now there were

00:31:43.220 two presidents,

00:31:44.660 two nations.

00:31:52.000 But Seward still wondered

00:31:55.760 if the nation's

00:31:56.600 sickness might not

00:31:57.440 be healed

00:31:58.120 by the tonic

00:31:59.420 of expansion.

00:32:01.120 And some northern

00:32:02.360 newspapers saw

00:32:03.460 another solution.

00:32:05.200 Abandon the South

00:32:06.260 and take Canada

00:32:07.640 as compensation.

00:32:08.540 But in his inaugural address,

00:32:15.280 President Lincoln

00:32:15.960 made it clear

00:32:16.760 that he wanted

00:32:17.520 peace abroad

00:32:18.260 and rejected

00:32:19.580 a diversionary

00:32:20.460 foreign adventure

00:32:21.280 as a dishonorable way

00:32:23.060 of settling

00:32:23.860 a domestic problem.

00:32:29.220 Fort Sumter,

00:32:30.860 South Carolina,

00:32:32.600 April 12,

00:32:33.380 1861.

00:32:40.380 Confederate guns

00:32:41.760 firing

00:32:42.580 in a federal stronghold.

00:32:45.420 The Civil War

00:32:46.340 had begun.

00:32:54.200 Far to the north,

00:32:56.500 the Canadian landscape

00:32:57.680 seemed tranquil

00:32:58.780 and safely outside

00:33:00.480 the path

00:33:01.220 of the storm

00:33:01.860 that was breaking

00:33:02.640 south of the border.

00:33:04.820 But the mood

00:33:05.840 was not tranquil

00:33:06.620 in the old fortress

00:33:07.520 town of Quebec

00:33:08.340 where the authorities

00:33:09.920 realized

00:33:10.720 that the Civil War

00:33:12.060 could spell trouble

00:33:13.100 for Canada.

00:33:15.160 Relations between

00:33:16.220 Britain and the United States

00:33:17.740 had greatly improved

00:33:19.340 during the 1850s.

00:33:21.380 But how would they fare

00:33:22.800 now in the light

00:33:24.440 of these terrible events?

00:33:26.960 Thus, Canadians

00:33:28.020 followed the news

00:33:28.940 from the war

00:33:29.560 with passionate interest

00:33:30.840 and apprehension.

00:33:32.640 as the battles began.

00:33:42.020 The Great Union,

00:33:43.800 whose reality

00:33:44.540 had so dominated

00:33:45.600 Canadian affairs,

00:33:47.260 now seemed

00:33:47.920 to be fading away.

00:33:49.960 Now there were

00:33:50.660 two Americas,

00:33:52.060 although the Union

00:33:52.880 claimed full sovereignty

00:33:54.180 and considered

00:33:55.260 the Confederates

00:33:56.040 mere rebels.

00:33:56.700 But how would

00:33:58.440 foreign nations

00:33:59.260 see it?

00:33:59.720 were there not

00:34:01.240 two governments

00:34:01.960 and two embattled

00:34:03.860 presidents?

00:34:05.460 For Jefferson Davis

00:34:06.660 presided at Richmond

00:34:07.760 over a full-fledged capital

00:34:09.560 with all the apparatus

00:34:11.060 of state,

00:34:12.100 while Abraham Lincoln

00:34:13.480 held office

00:34:14.600 in a Washington

00:34:15.500 where the massive

00:34:16.820 central dome

00:34:17.620 of the capital

00:34:18.260 remained ominously

00:34:20.160 unfinished.

00:34:20.840 Winfield Scott,

00:34:26.760 the Union commander-in-chief,

00:34:28.880 might seem more

00:34:29.760 venerable

00:34:30.380 than warlike,

00:34:31.520 but the spirit

00:34:32.500 of the North

00:34:33.060 was surely

00:34:33.660 youthful

00:34:34.260 and vigorous.

00:34:37.200 Most Canadians

00:34:38.220 sympathized

00:34:38.900 with the Union

00:34:39.460 and some even

00:34:40.900 agreed that

00:34:41.700 Jeff Davis

00:34:42.500 was the devil

00:34:43.180 incarnate

00:34:43.760 and that he would

00:34:45.000 get the thrashing

00:34:45.720 he deserved

00:34:46.480 from an aroused

00:34:47.700 and righteous

00:34:48.240 North.

00:34:52.940 In the North,

00:34:54.640 draftees were allowed

00:34:55.640 to hire substitutes

00:34:56.800 to do their fighting

00:34:57.600 for them

00:34:58.080 and many Canadians

00:34:59.660 hired themselves out.

00:35:01.900 Also,

00:35:02.460 there were generous

00:35:03.080 bounties to be had.

00:35:05.280 Others were motivated

00:35:06.300 by idealism

00:35:07.360 and by the end

00:35:08.780 of the war,

00:35:09.900 50,000 Canadians

00:35:11.300 had enlisted.

00:35:11.900 But before long,

00:35:19.480 Canadian enthusiasm

00:35:20.400 for the Union

00:35:21.200 was somewhat tempered

00:35:22.500 by President Lincoln's

00:35:23.960 statements,

00:35:25.120 in which he kept

00:35:25.900 emphasizing the need

00:35:27.080 to preserve the Union,

00:35:28.940 but seemed to neglect

00:35:29.920 the desperate plight

00:35:30.900 of the slaves.

00:35:33.100 What kind of a man

00:35:34.160 was Lincoln,

00:35:35.100 Canadians wondered.

00:35:37.160 Could this puzzling,

00:35:38.840 unsophisticated

00:35:39.780 backwoodsman

00:35:40.600 control

00:35:41.640 such subtle

00:35:42.680 and dangerous men

00:35:43.780 as William Seward,

00:35:45.880 the Secretary of State

00:35:47.180 who wanted Canada

00:35:48.120 in the Union,

00:35:49.820 or Seward's consul

00:35:50.940 in Montreal,

00:35:52.460 Joshua Giddings?

00:35:55.140 Senator Sumner

00:35:56.040 was a secret annexationist,

00:35:58.040 and even General Scott

00:35:59.360 might need restraining.

00:36:01.340 For the map,

00:36:02.320 as seen by Canadians,

00:36:04.120 posed ominous possibilities.

00:36:06.800 If the South

00:36:07.440 won its independence,

00:36:09.040 the Union might turn north

00:36:10.580 for compensation.

00:36:11.840 And if the North won,

00:36:14.480 there might still be danger,

00:36:16.120 for the newly strengthened

00:36:17.580 United States,

00:36:19.300 resuming its surge

00:36:20.300 into the West,

00:36:21.600 might choose

00:36:22.240 to ignore the border.

00:36:23.460 many northern expansionists

00:36:30.640 shared the view

00:36:31.720 expressed by Seward

00:36:32.840 when he said that

00:36:33.840 Canada was

00:36:34.880 a fruit

00:36:35.560 ready to drop

00:36:36.800 into the American basket.

00:36:39.060 And there was

00:36:39.660 loud support

00:36:40.340 from Irish-American groups

00:36:41.840 with their hatred

00:36:42.980 for Britain.

00:36:44.640 Also,

00:36:45.660 the Civil War itself

00:36:47.180 was breeding

00:36:47.820 a dangerous mood

00:36:49.040 as the eagles

00:36:50.260 screamed

00:36:50.880 at the Confederate traitors.

00:36:53.140 And his proprietary notions

00:36:54.860 about the whole

00:36:55.740 Western Hemisphere

00:36:56.700 were becoming inflamed

00:36:58.440 as the conflict grew.

00:37:05.140 But in British North America,

00:37:07.140 there were now fewer

00:37:08.540 than 5,000 regular troops

00:37:10.740 in places like Quebec.

00:37:13.020 If preparedness

00:37:14.040 would deter

00:37:14.820 American aggression,

00:37:16.640 this preparedness

00:37:17.580 was not obvious.

00:37:23.680 Meanwhile,

00:37:24.600 in London,

00:37:25.800 Her Majesty's government

00:37:26.840 proclaimed its neutrality

00:37:28.380 in the Civil War,

00:37:30.020 thus angering Seward,

00:37:32.100 because this recognized

00:37:33.220 the status of the South

00:37:34.420 as a belligerent,

00:37:35.840 not a mere rebel.

00:37:37.900 And 2,000 British troops

00:37:39.720 with considerable fanfare

00:37:41.720 had boarded

00:37:42.880 the Great Eastern

00:37:43.640 on their way

00:37:44.280 to reinforce

00:37:45.000 Canadian garrisons.

00:37:46.020 This greatest ship

00:37:48.440 of its day

00:37:49.120 had raced across

00:37:50.440 the Atlantic

00:37:50.960 in the record time

00:37:52.120 of eight days,

00:37:53.800 a dramatic gesture

00:37:54.840 to make it clear

00:37:56.200 to the Americans

00:37:56.980 that Britain was determined

00:37:58.780 to defend her colonies.

00:38:02.660 New troops,

00:38:04.540 new weapons.

00:38:06.460 Perhaps this

00:38:07.420 would give pause

00:38:08.360 to those American newspapers

00:38:09.720 that said

00:38:10.860 conquering Canada

00:38:12.320 would be

00:38:13.220 mere child's play.

00:38:16.020 Now,

00:38:21.920 from William Seward,

00:38:23.380 there came orders

00:38:24.340 to strengthen

00:38:25.020 the defenses

00:38:25.660 of strategic areas

00:38:27.020 near the Canadian border.

00:38:29.380 But for Canadians,

00:38:31.080 it looked as though

00:38:31.840 these might be

00:38:32.560 springboards

00:38:33.200 for invasion.

00:38:37.960 And in John Bull's England,

00:38:40.640 latent anti-Americanism

00:38:42.360 began to stir,

00:38:43.260 with thieves

00:38:45.040 prowling,

00:38:46.600 doors must be barred.

00:38:52.860 Lincoln's

00:38:53.660 Union-first policy

00:38:55.360 had cooled

00:38:56.520 the ardor

00:38:57.300 of popular opinion

00:38:58.400 in Canada.

00:38:59.920 So,

00:39:00.440 while Canadians

00:39:01.220 remained fundamentally

00:39:02.460 pro-North,

00:39:04.000 the Union cause

00:39:05.200 had somehow

00:39:06.260 lost its halo

00:39:07.360 for them.

00:39:08.700 Also,

00:39:09.200 there were some

00:39:09.820 who were sympathetic

00:39:10.840 to the South.

00:39:11.720 Canadian loyalists

00:39:13.620 and British Tories

00:39:14.720 were traditionally

00:39:16.240 anti-American.

00:39:17.960 And while

00:39:18.480 this right-wing opinion

00:39:19.820 stopped short

00:39:20.540 of supporting slavery,

00:39:22.240 it was soon

00:39:23.060 supporting the South's

00:39:24.280 right to rebel.

00:39:26.460 But it was Seward

00:39:28.020 who remained

00:39:28.980 the main focus

00:39:30.060 of official concern.

00:39:31.300 If he had failed

00:39:33.120 to sell Lincoln

00:39:33.940 on a foreign

00:39:34.980 adventure

00:39:35.540 to save the Union,

00:39:37.360 it was partly

00:39:38.000 because he lacked

00:39:38.940 a pretext

00:39:39.620 for such an adventure.

00:39:41.600 But there was

00:39:42.280 good reason to believe

00:39:43.120 that he might be

00:39:43.860 looking for one.

00:39:45.700 And suddenly,

00:39:47.200 it arrived.

00:39:53.040 In the Confederate

00:39:54.180 capital at Richmond,

00:39:55.820 there was a burning

00:39:56.740 desire for diplomatic

00:39:58.020 recognition in Europe.

00:39:59.200 So James Mason

00:40:01.040 was sent to London

00:40:02.000 and John Slidell

00:40:03.880 to Paris.

00:40:05.220 But the vessel

00:40:06.140 they were on

00:40:06.800 was stopped

00:40:07.300 on the high seas

00:40:08.300 by the Union warship

00:40:09.400 San Jacinto.

00:40:11.240 And the two

00:40:12.020 southern emissaries

00:40:12.820 were taken back

00:40:13.620 to the United States

00:40:14.600 as prisoners.

00:40:17.420 The fact that

00:40:18.340 they had been removed

00:40:19.400 from a British

00:40:20.060 merchantman,

00:40:21.040 the Trent,

00:40:22.020 led to a diplomatic

00:40:23.040 uproar,

00:40:24.220 although the captain

00:40:24.940 of the San Jacinto

00:40:26.040 became a Union hero.

00:40:27.560 in London,

00:40:33.760 from where Britannia

00:40:35.100 ruled the waves,

00:40:36.860 this act against

00:40:37.860 a British ship

00:40:38.700 brought a bellow

00:40:39.960 of rage.

00:40:40.800 Uncle Sam,

00:40:49.500 a pirate.

00:40:50.280 That was how

00:41:05.080 John Bull saw it.

00:41:06.880 And Foreign Minister Russell

00:41:08.220 called it intolerable.

00:41:12.240 Prime Minister Palmerston

00:41:13.840 indicated that Britain

00:41:15.120 would demand

00:41:15.880 satisfaction

00:41:16.640 and would put the Navy

00:41:18.360 on a war footing

00:41:19.400 designed to let the North

00:41:21.320 know she meant business.

00:41:27.560 In Britain,

00:41:28.580 there was patriotic hysteria

00:41:30.160 as reinforcements

00:41:31.440 for Canada

00:41:31.960 boarded the troop ships.

00:41:34.520 There were some

00:41:35.460 14,000 of them,

00:41:37.340 a very large force

00:41:38.580 for the time,

00:41:39.680 and there were horses

00:41:40.620 and sleds

00:41:41.580 for use

00:41:42.080 at their destination.

00:41:48.780 Then,

00:41:49.440 in the depths

00:41:49.880 of the Canadian winter,

00:41:51.740 there began

00:41:52.280 a long

00:41:52.960 and arduous trip

00:41:53.900 through the New Brunswick

00:41:54.860 wilderness.

00:41:55.960 As the British troops

00:41:57.100 headed for the

00:41:57.720 St. Lawrence Valley,

00:41:58.600 gateway to strategic

00:42:00.360 defense points.

00:42:02.800 And as they marched,

00:42:04.500 there was always

00:42:05.180 the fear of attack

00:42:06.140 from the state of Maine.

00:42:08.400 A few of the troops

00:42:09.520 became snowbound

00:42:10.480 or had to turn back,

00:42:12.360 but most of them

00:42:13.280 eventually reached

00:42:14.160 the railway

00:42:14.660 at Rivière-de-Loup.

00:42:23.160 Responsibility

00:42:23.640 for the defense

00:42:24.380 of Canada

00:42:24.860 now rested

00:42:26.020 with Lord Monk,

00:42:27.240 the new

00:42:27.600 governor-general.

00:42:29.180 He had just arrived

00:42:30.280 when the news broke

00:42:31.060 about the Trent affair.

00:42:38.500 Monk was very aware

00:42:40.160 of the dangers

00:42:40.940 of the uproar

00:42:41.740 in the press,

00:42:42.680 and he kept

00:42:43.480 his moves quiet,

00:42:44.800 as much to prevent

00:42:45.920 Canadian hysteria

00:42:47.120 as American anger.

00:42:48.360 but he quickly

00:42:49.980 got his defenses

00:42:50.800 in order

00:42:51.280 with special attention

00:42:52.800 to points like

00:42:53.640 the prized

00:42:54.380 Victoria Bridge

00:42:55.420 and the arrival

00:42:57.260 of British reinforcements

00:42:58.640 helped him man

00:42:59.860 key fortifications

00:43:01.060 on the thinly

00:43:02.200 guarded frontier.

00:43:04.880 At the same time,

00:43:06.700 there were plenty

00:43:07.560 of enthusiastic amateurs

00:43:08.860 ready to help.

00:43:09.660 Meanwhile,

00:43:17.160 in wintry New York

00:43:18.300 and other American cities,

00:43:20.040 no topic of conversation

00:43:21.680 could compete

00:43:22.380 with the Trent affair,

00:43:23.660 for the mood

00:43:24.780 was ultra-nationalist.

00:43:26.540 The undisputed

00:43:36.060 hero of the hour

00:43:37.140 was Captain Wilkes,

00:43:38.860 the man who had

00:43:39.720 boarded the Trent.

00:43:41.720 Had he not

00:43:42.420 plucked those

00:43:43.240 Confederate monkeys

00:43:44.160 from the very pocket

00:43:45.380 of that old villain,

00:43:46.880 John Bull?

00:43:47.520 But Mr. Bull

00:43:50.220 could get angry,

00:43:52.100 especially when asked

00:43:53.120 to lick Uncle Sam's boots.

00:44:01.660 John Bull

00:44:02.940 was angry

00:44:04.180 and getting angrier.

00:44:08.680 In fact,

00:44:18.160 John Bull

00:44:18.820 was ready for war.

00:44:23.800 And in Washington,

00:44:25.640 as far as Canadians

00:44:26.700 were concerned,

00:44:28.300 Lincoln was flanked

00:44:29.260 by known annexationists.

00:44:31.680 So American

00:44:32.720 defense moves

00:44:34.200 near the border

00:44:34.900 looked sinister.

00:44:38.680 Uncle Sam the Pirate

00:44:43.020 seemed in British eyes

00:44:44.720 to be bound for collision

00:44:46.000 with the honest

00:44:47.160 British mariner.

00:44:49.040 And on December 19th,

00:44:51.140 a note demanding

00:44:52.060 the release

00:44:52.620 of the captured

00:44:53.280 Confederate envoys

00:44:54.420 was presented

00:44:55.440 by the British ambassador

00:44:56.580 to Secretary Seward.

00:44:59.800 This must have made

00:45:01.060 Uncle Sam's hair

00:45:02.260 stand on end,

00:45:04.460 according to

00:45:04.980 a London cartoonist.

00:45:08.680 The British public's

00:45:13.780 readiness for war,

00:45:14.840 it was hinted,

00:45:15.920 was fully shared

00:45:16.820 by Prime Minister Palmerston.

00:45:19.260 He and John Bull

00:45:20.600 had their sharpshooter's sights

00:45:22.580 firmly trained

00:45:23.780 on the hide

00:45:24.780 of President Lincoln.

00:45:34.300 But behind the scenes,

00:45:36.040 men like Prince Albert,

00:45:37.960 Queen Victoria's consort,

00:45:39.640 and the foreign minister

00:45:40.520 himself,

00:45:41.240 Lord Russell,

00:45:42.300 held more moderate views.

00:45:44.540 And attempts

00:45:45.180 to placate

00:45:45.840 the angry lion

00:45:46.740 were being made

00:45:47.440 by Richard Cobden,

00:45:48.860 the anti-imperialist,

00:45:50.420 who spoke vehemently

00:45:51.580 against war.

00:45:53.440 But the belligerent voices

00:45:54.880 remained loudest.

00:45:55.920 However,

00:46:02.260 a harassed

00:46:02.940 President Lincoln

00:46:03.720 is reported

00:46:04.360 to have said,

00:46:05.760 I think for us,

00:46:07.280 it must be

00:46:07.980 one war at a time.

00:46:10.200 And his cabinet

00:46:10.900 agreed to put

00:46:11.660 the captured

00:46:12.180 Confederate agents

00:46:13.260 on a ship

00:46:13.840 bound for Britain.

00:46:16.400 It looked indeed

00:46:17.620 like an American surrender,

00:46:19.480 and the Tory press

00:46:20.600 saw naughty Uncle Sam

00:46:22.600 apologizing to Britannia.

00:46:24.500 Lord Russell

00:46:26.280 would not have

00:46:27.260 to flog him

00:46:27.980 after all.

00:46:33.360 Britain had triumphed,

00:46:35.460 but Tory gloating

00:46:36.460 only served

00:46:37.120 to further infuriate

00:46:38.360 Northern opinion,

00:46:39.860 and that

00:46:40.560 could mean

00:46:41.240 trouble for Canada.

00:46:42.180 Thus,

00:46:53.460 though bloodshed

00:46:54.440 had been avoided,

00:46:55.800 both sides

00:46:56.400 maintained a warlike posture.

00:46:58.840 And far north

00:46:59.760 of the raging

00:47:00.340 Civil War,

00:47:01.980 forces on both sides

00:47:03.120 of the border

00:47:03.620 between Canada

00:47:04.360 and the United States

00:47:05.500 remained on the alert.

00:47:07.140 In the Civil War,

00:47:15.000 early Confederate victories

00:47:16.540 over the Union armies

00:47:17.980 had made it easier

00:47:19.600 for Seward

00:47:20.200 to agree with Lincoln

00:47:21.360 that it had better

00:47:22.840 be one war

00:47:24.100 at a time.

00:47:25.840 Another factor

00:47:26.600 which made it easier

00:47:27.700 for the Americans

00:47:28.400 to give in

00:47:29.160 was the tenor

00:47:30.640 of the British

00:47:31.380 diplomatic note,

00:47:33.040 for Prince Albert

00:47:34.080 had persuaded

00:47:35.200 Foreign Secretary Russell

00:47:36.640 to tone it down

00:47:37.940 so it would be

00:47:39.360 coldly correct,

00:47:41.560 but not offensive.

00:47:43.660 So Seward

00:47:44.600 was never forced,

00:47:45.920 technically,

00:47:46.820 to apologize

00:47:47.500 for the Trent affair.

00:47:50.180 Thus,

00:47:50.560 there was no war,

00:47:52.600 but an ugly

00:47:53.540 and dangerous

00:47:54.420 mood remained.

00:47:56.340 Northerners felt

00:47:57.180 that the British Tories

00:47:58.860 had shown

00:47:59.460 their traditional

00:48:00.280 anti-American hand.

00:48:02.560 If they weren't

00:48:03.380 as yet pro-South,

00:48:05.440 they were certainly

00:48:06.280 anti-North.

00:48:08.460 But fortunately,

00:48:10.140 there were

00:48:10.620 countervailing forces

00:48:12.020 at work in Britain.

00:48:17.060 The outcry in Britain

00:48:18.880 over the Trent affair

00:48:20.060 obscured the fact

00:48:21.400 that opinion

00:48:21.880 on the Civil War

00:48:22.760 itself

00:48:23.320 was divided

00:48:24.500 along traditionally

00:48:25.520 radical

00:48:26.120 and conservative lines,

00:48:28.100 although both sides

00:48:29.540 opposed slavery,

00:48:31.020 and the Navy

00:48:31.840 had helped drive

00:48:32.780 slave ships

00:48:33.440 from the High Seas.

00:48:41.520 In England's cities,

00:48:43.700 anti-slavery meetings

00:48:44.900 revealed the depth

00:48:45.860 of this conviction,

00:48:47.380 and Richard Cobden's

00:48:48.540 writings

00:48:48.920 were avidly perused

00:48:50.660 in the working-class

00:48:51.640 reading rooms

00:48:52.260 of Manchester.

00:48:53.980 John Bright

00:48:54.900 was another reformer

00:48:56.120 who gave the British worker

00:48:57.540 a clear image

00:48:58.640 of the American tragedy,

00:49:00.500 where there was

00:49:01.440 an admirable ideal

00:49:02.800 of liberty,

00:49:04.420 but a dark shadow

00:49:05.560 lurking behind it.

00:49:11.340 Those who knew

00:49:12.280 misery themselves

00:49:13.280 could have no respect

00:49:15.100 for an American liberty

00:49:16.920 that in the South

00:49:18.520 was nothing more

00:49:19.320 than a mask

00:49:19.980 for brutal domination.

00:49:22.300 They felt the North,

00:49:23.740 whatever its faults,

00:49:24.980 could put an end to it.

00:49:26.260 liberal opinion

00:49:29.040 in Britain

00:49:29.580 could see the Civil War

00:49:31.320 only as a clear-cut contest

00:49:33.320 between slavery

00:49:34.600 and anti-slavery.

00:49:37.460 Nothing else mattered.

00:49:45.780 But most of Britain's

00:49:47.300 ruling class

00:49:48.060 viewed the Civil War

00:49:49.100 through less idealistic eyes.

00:49:51.900 The Tory press,

00:49:53.260 as well as the aristocracy

00:49:54.640 and the business community,

00:49:56.260 were able to adopt

00:49:57.380 a detached attitude

00:49:58.480 toward the great struggle

00:49:59.760 across the Atlantic.

00:50:01.680 For them,

00:50:02.780 it became

00:50:03.380 a straight power struggle

00:50:04.680 in which the Negro

00:50:06.120 and his sufferings

00:50:07.220 tended to fade out

00:50:08.620 of the picture.

00:50:13.480 This was a family quarrel

00:50:15.260 and it was obvious

00:50:16.760 that Britain,

00:50:17.800 caught between

00:50:18.300 the scowls of Lincoln

00:50:19.560 and the frowns of Davis,

00:50:21.960 ought to steer

00:50:22.620 the course of neutrality.

00:50:23.680 The Queen

00:50:25.160 had already

00:50:25.760 proclaimed neutrality

00:50:26.900 and Jeff Davis

00:50:28.680 with his Confederate bonds

00:50:30.200 and cotton

00:50:30.900 should be dealt

00:50:32.080 with cautiously.

00:50:37.140 But the North's

00:50:38.500 petulant hints

00:50:39.340 that neutrality

00:50:40.080 wasn't good enough

00:50:41.060 came to irritate

00:50:42.540 Tory opinion

00:50:43.160 and soon there were

00:50:45.140 portrayals of Lincoln

00:50:46.200 as a wild man

00:50:47.520 bent on taking Canada.

00:50:49.200 Meanwhile,

00:50:54.580 Northern defeats

00:50:55.340 in Civil War battles

00:50:56.580 roused Tory's sarcasm

00:50:58.500 and it was suggested

00:51:00.140 that perhaps

00:51:01.400 the Yankees

00:51:02.160 would conquer Canada

00:51:03.100 by retreating into it.

00:51:07.920 The Lions' mood

00:51:09.400 was changing.

00:51:11.160 Britain's aristocracy

00:51:12.260 had never been happy

00:51:13.620 about the much admired

00:51:14.660 success of

00:51:15.620 Yankee democracy

00:51:16.880 and most of them

00:51:18.440 were not displeased

00:51:19.700 to see a little

00:51:20.340 trouble there.

00:51:22.060 It was time

00:51:22.840 people stopped

00:51:23.580 adversely comparing

00:51:24.740 the monarchy

00:51:25.500 to the Republic.

00:51:27.960 Maybe the Lion

00:51:29.140 didn't look so bad

00:51:30.700 after all.

00:51:35.480 Now the ghost

00:51:36.620 of King George III

00:51:37.880 could mock

00:51:39.120 the ghost

00:51:39.560 of George Washington

00:51:40.460 and by the second

00:51:42.300 year of the war

00:51:43.240 feelings about

00:51:44.380 Abraham Lincoln

00:51:45.280 in Tory Britain

00:51:46.360 could hardly

00:51:47.640 be described

00:51:48.420 as neutral.

00:51:54.860 In the 1860s,

00:51:57.280 Britain led the world

00:51:58.500 in textile production

00:51:59.720 and her mills

00:52:01.100 relied heavily

00:52:01.800 on cotton

00:52:02.420 from the American South.

00:52:04.880 Thus,

00:52:05.300 there was great anxiety

00:52:06.460 among British businessmen

00:52:07.820 when the Union

00:52:08.920 naval blockade

00:52:09.960 cut off

00:52:10.580 Southern exports.

00:52:12.420 Britain would soon

00:52:13.260 be on its knees

00:52:14.320 praying for cotton

00:52:15.600 or so the South

00:52:17.220 hoped.

00:52:22.240 Cotton was imprisoned

00:52:23.600 and its jailer

00:52:25.080 was the North.

00:52:26.740 The South

00:52:27.460 hoped that Europe

00:52:28.300 would insist

00:52:28.940 that it be set free

00:52:30.020 from the oppression

00:52:31.140 of the Union

00:52:31.760 with its blockading fleet.

00:52:35.320 Meanwhile,

00:52:35.980 Southern patriots

00:52:36.760 sometimes burned

00:52:37.760 their precious cotton

00:52:38.680 rather than let

00:52:39.940 Northern soldiers

00:52:40.800 capture it.

00:52:41.480 for Britain

00:52:44.700 it meant

00:52:45.580 unemployment

00:52:46.280 with little cotton

00:52:47.660 for the mills.

00:52:49.160 Yet the hungry workers

00:52:50.680 still supported

00:52:51.900 the North.

00:52:55.500 But for John Bull

00:52:56.880 it was cotton

00:52:58.160 not freeing the slaves

00:53:00.200 that really mattered.

00:53:01.860 That was the way

00:53:02.780 the cynics saw it.

00:53:03.760 where money

00:53:04.940 was concerned

00:53:05.720 businessman

00:53:06.880 Bull's ideals

00:53:08.140 went out the door.

00:53:19.360 Along the river

00:53:20.400 Clyde in Scotland

00:53:21.480 there was a source

00:53:22.820 of great help

00:53:23.620 for the South.

00:53:25.080 From the famous

00:53:25.960 shipyards here

00:53:26.780 came a number

00:53:27.340 of fast vessels

00:53:28.320 especially built

00:53:29.680 to run

00:53:30.300 the Northern blockade.

00:53:31.280 there were fortunes

00:53:33.320 to be made

00:53:33.900 carrying all kinds

00:53:35.180 of goods

00:53:35.580 to the South

00:53:36.240 and it was

00:53:37.480 at British colonial

00:53:38.300 ports like Nassau

00:53:39.540 that blockade runners

00:53:41.000 met the overseas

00:53:42.000 transports.

00:53:43.700 But there were

00:53:44.440 Northern cruisers

00:53:45.360 lurking in the vicinity

00:53:46.300 and there were

00:53:47.480 many losses.

00:53:49.360 The blockade runners

00:53:50.200 however

00:53:50.580 were often simply

00:53:52.180 too fast to catch.

00:53:53.420 For the North

00:53:58.540 these insolent ships

00:54:00.880 were yet another

00:54:02.320 British provocation.

00:54:09.180 But Britain's

00:54:10.420 efficient shipyards

00:54:11.460 produced vessels

00:54:12.660 even more troublesome

00:54:13.680 to the Union

00:54:14.320 vessels like

00:54:15.600 the notorious

00:54:16.320 Alabama.

00:54:19.120 She was a

00:54:19.960 hit and run

00:54:20.420 raider flying

00:54:21.280 the confederate flag

00:54:22.440 and in only

00:54:23.480 two years

00:54:24.160 she destroyed

00:54:25.120 58 Northern ships

00:54:26.660 all over the world.

00:54:34.400 In all

00:54:35.420 257 Union ships

00:54:38.280 were sunk

00:54:38.880 by confederate raiders

00:54:40.020 several of which

00:54:41.440 were built in Britain.

00:54:48.100 Uncle Sam

00:54:49.260 was furious.

00:54:50.140 John Bull

00:54:51.860 in his eyes

00:54:52.720 was nothing more

00:54:53.960 than a supplier

00:54:54.680 for pirates

00:54:55.440 and Mr. Bull

00:54:57.300 for his part

00:54:58.160 was steadily

00:54:59.240 losing respect

00:55:00.280 for the wild man

00:55:01.520 in Washington.

00:55:04.780 Long Abe Lincoln

00:55:06.040 was an all too

00:55:07.560 typical Yankee

00:55:08.440 full of braggadocio

00:55:10.120 trying to make

00:55:11.460 defeat taste

00:55:12.260 like victory.

00:55:12.880 Lincoln was treated

00:55:20.880 with ferocity

00:55:21.700 by the British

00:55:22.400 Tory press

00:55:23.140 which saw him

00:55:24.440 doing a nationalist

00:55:25.500 war dance

00:55:26.340 brandishing the

00:55:27.420 anti-Canadian

00:55:28.140 slogans

00:55:28.760 of newspapers

00:55:29.800 like the New York

00:55:30.660 Herald.

00:55:36.680 The North

00:55:37.800 was fighting

00:55:38.660 secession from

00:55:39.460 the Union

00:55:39.920 not slavery

00:55:41.340 according to

00:55:42.600 realists in

00:55:43.320 Britain and

00:55:43.800 France.

00:55:45.180 And for Lord

00:55:45.720 Palmerston

00:55:46.340 and Napoleon

00:55:47.100 the Third

00:55:47.580 there was no

00:55:48.880 idealism in the

00:55:49.940 Civil War

00:55:50.520 just a power

00:55:52.020 struggle.

00:56:01.020 And it seemed

00:56:02.040 as though the

00:56:02.560 South would have

00:56:03.560 its way after all.

00:56:05.400 For Jefferson Davis

00:56:06.340 could point to a

00:56:07.320 list of victories

00:56:08.120 that might well

00:56:09.280 make Lincoln

00:56:09.900 cringe.

00:56:12.000 Lincoln's hand

00:56:12.840 was shaky

00:56:13.520 and the mistakes

00:56:14.980 he was making

00:56:15.700 were known

00:56:16.280 to all England.

00:56:22.540 Jefferson Davis

00:56:23.720 Would Palmerston

00:56:25.460 now recognize

00:56:26.820 the rebel leader

00:56:27.580 diplomatically?

00:56:29.720 Palmerston remained

00:56:30.700 publicly neutral

00:56:31.600 but in private

00:56:32.980 the friends of the

00:56:34.000 South were winning

00:56:34.740 his ear.

00:56:38.120 Lincoln was

00:56:41.840 crushing America

00:56:42.780 with casualties

00:56:43.600 and taxes

00:56:44.380 according to his

00:56:45.740 British critics.

00:56:47.520 He was fighting

00:56:48.280 this war with

00:56:49.100 generals that were

00:56:49.920 incompetent and a

00:56:51.260 treasury that was

00:56:52.040 almost bankrupt.

00:56:54.000 And if Lincoln

00:56:54.660 was almost at the

00:56:55.740 point of collapse

00:56:56.480 so was his

00:56:57.680 adversary

00:56:58.200 Jefferson Davis.

00:57:00.200 Surely it was

00:57:00.820 time for Britain

00:57:01.620 and France

00:57:02.260 to try to stop

00:57:03.500 this war.

00:57:04.060 But Palmerston

00:57:11.220 and Russell

00:57:11.780 moved cautiously

00:57:12.720 although they

00:57:13.880 agreed that a

00:57:14.820 proposal to

00:57:15.480 mediate between

00:57:16.260 North and South

00:57:17.060 should soon be put

00:57:18.320 before the

00:57:18.760 cabinet.

00:57:20.160 At the same

00:57:20.660 time

00:57:21.180 William Ewert

00:57:22.320 Gladstone

00:57:22.900 the Chancellor

00:57:23.900 of the Exchequer

00:57:24.740 encouraged the

00:57:26.220 South by

00:57:26.760 proclaiming

00:57:27.340 that it had

00:57:28.080 created a nation.

00:57:29.980 But Russell

00:57:30.560 and Palmerston

00:57:31.300 disavowed

00:57:31.940 Gladstone's

00:57:32.600 statement

00:57:32.880 and the two

00:57:34.120 canny leaders

00:57:34.840 decided to

00:57:36.140 play Hamlet

00:57:37.260 and delay

00:57:38.280 their mediation

00:57:38.960 proposal.

00:57:40.520 They were

00:57:40.860 waiting for

00:57:41.380 news from

00:57:42.060 the war.

00:57:45.580 The newsboys

00:57:46.680 of London

00:57:47.200 were soon

00:57:48.240 shouting it

00:57:48.860 in the streets.

00:57:50.360 The South

00:57:50.920 had been stopped

00:57:51.760 at Antietam.

00:57:53.260 The Union Army

00:57:54.060 had held its

00:57:54.740 ground and had

00:57:55.900 driven back

00:57:56.440 General Robert

00:57:57.160 E. Lee

00:57:57.680 in one of the

00:57:58.840 bloodiest battles

00:57:59.680 in the history

00:58:00.300 of warfare.

00:58:02.880 Lincoln had

00:58:08.800 risen like

00:58:09.440 the phoenix

00:58:10.080 against all

00:58:10.980 predictions

00:58:11.500 from his

00:58:12.380 military ashes.

00:58:14.360 And now

00:58:14.940 he could turn

00:58:15.580 to the problem

00:58:16.220 he seemed to

00:58:17.020 have forgotten,

00:58:18.120 the slave.

00:58:19.840 This could be

00:58:20.580 his trump card

00:58:21.560 in his deadly

00:58:22.340 game against

00:58:23.420 the formidable

00:58:24.080 Jefferson Davis,

00:58:25.700 or so some

00:58:26.500 British observers

00:58:27.340 saw it.

00:58:28.700 For now,

00:58:29.440 Davis had to face

00:58:30.340 a brilliant

00:58:31.280 ideological move,

00:58:33.140 the Emancipation

00:58:33.960 Proclamation.

00:58:35.660 Now,

00:58:36.220 slaves in rebel

00:58:36.960 areas were free

00:58:38.000 as far as

00:58:38.980 the Union

00:58:39.340 was concerned,

00:58:40.700 much to the

00:58:41.420 dismay of the

00:58:42.260 South.

00:58:46.400 Angry

00:58:47.040 Southerners

00:58:47.680 said it was

00:58:48.200 just a desperate

00:58:49.040 propaganda move.

00:58:50.880 But the North's

00:58:51.920 now formal role

00:58:53.160 as champion

00:58:53.780 of the oppressed

00:58:54.580 was one that

00:58:55.840 British leaders

00:58:56.480 could not ignore.

00:58:57.400 popular response

00:59:00.540 to the

00:59:01.100 Emancipation

00:59:01.960 Proclamation

00:59:02.400 was so strong

00:59:03.520 in England

00:59:03.920 that the

00:59:04.760 mediation proposal

00:59:05.700 of Palmerston

00:59:06.440 and Russell

00:59:06.920 was never

00:59:07.700 brought before

00:59:08.320 the cabinet.

00:59:10.800 And when the

00:59:11.320 French persisted

00:59:12.240 in advocating

00:59:12.860 a mediation plan,

00:59:14.540 the British

00:59:15.020 remained aloof.

00:59:22.680 Actually,

00:59:23.960 the Emancipation

00:59:25.560 Proclamation

00:59:26.180 had little

00:59:27.220 practical meaning

00:59:28.360 for the slaves

00:59:29.260 at the time

00:59:29.820 it was issued,

00:59:31.000 as most of

00:59:31.600 the slave-holding

00:59:32.480 territory was

00:59:33.240 still outside

00:59:34.140 Northern control.

00:59:36.280 But as a

00:59:37.140 declaration of

00:59:37.940 intention,

00:59:39.180 it had great

00:59:39.820 effect.

00:59:41.020 The North was

00:59:41.740 now officially

00:59:43.020 fighting against

00:59:44.220 slavery,

00:59:45.320 and no foreign

00:59:46.320 government could

00:59:47.000 likely support the

00:59:48.020 side that was

00:59:48.660 fighting for it.

00:59:50.300 In Canada,

00:59:51.580 only extreme

00:59:52.600 Tories seemed

00:59:53.740 pro-South,

00:59:54.500 arguing that

00:59:55.860 Northern expansionism

00:59:57.180 would always

00:59:57.920 endanger Canada.

00:59:59.660 But in truth,

01:00:01.320 Canada's sentiments

01:00:02.220 attached her to

01:00:03.320 the Northern cause,

01:00:04.740 as did her

01:00:05.340 economic interests,

01:00:06.920 especially the

01:00:07.800 Reciprocity Treaty.

01:00:10.000 So Canadians

01:00:10.820 had sighed

01:00:11.760 with relief

01:00:12.400 when British-American

01:00:13.740 conflicts like

01:00:14.720 the Trent Affair

01:00:15.820 stopped short

01:00:16.980 of war.

01:00:17.520 But there was

01:00:19.220 another diplomatic

01:00:20.480 scare to come.

01:00:25.240 The crisis was

01:00:26.680 again to be

01:00:27.440 over ships,

01:00:28.720 as the war at

01:00:29.580 sea, with both

01:00:30.480 wooden and

01:00:31.040 ironclad vessels,

01:00:32.520 grew ever more

01:00:33.280 bitter.

01:00:34.500 For the South

01:00:35.240 was desperately

01:00:35.960 trying to smash

01:00:37.080 the Northern

01:00:37.580 blockade of its

01:00:38.340 ports.

01:00:42.680 The Confederate

01:00:43.660 Navy had shown

01:00:44.660 great ingenuity,

01:00:45.720 but so far,

01:00:47.160 the North had

01:00:47.660 been able to

01:00:48.140 match it.

01:00:49.320 So the South

01:00:50.080 needed new

01:00:50.920 stratagems.

01:00:56.140 In Liverpool,

01:00:57.960 these stratagems

01:00:58.860 were being

01:00:59.380 hatched,

01:01:00.380 with the help

01:01:00.960 of obliging

01:01:01.660 British ship

01:01:02.260 builders,

01:01:03.140 whose work

01:01:03.600 greatly alarmed

01:01:04.640 Charles Adams,

01:01:06.120 Lincoln's

01:01:06.500 ambassador.

01:01:07.720 For the South

01:01:08.940 had ordered

01:01:09.440 rams,

01:01:10.680 great naval

01:01:11.500 swordfish,

01:01:12.640 with knife-like

01:01:13.340 prows,

01:01:14.380 that were to

01:01:14.940 rip through

01:01:15.400 northern blockade

01:01:16.320 ships and

01:01:17.140 cause wide

01:01:17.860 havoc.

01:01:19.440 Fully realizing

01:01:20.180 this, Adams

01:01:21.480 told London

01:01:22.200 that if the

01:01:23.180 rams were

01:01:23.880 allowed to

01:01:24.440 leave England,

01:01:25.700 it would

01:01:26.080 mean war.

01:01:30.680 But the

01:01:31.500 British Navy

01:01:32.040 was already

01:01:32.820 keeping a

01:01:33.380 close watch

01:01:33.940 on the

01:01:34.300 rams,

01:01:35.380 and they

01:01:35.720 were finally

01:01:36.260 seized by a

01:01:37.340 government that

01:01:37.920 was now in

01:01:38.680 no mood for

01:01:39.640 war.

01:01:41.300 For the Union,

01:01:42.160 however, the

01:01:43.320 incident was

01:01:43.940 only one more

01:01:44.820 item in the

01:01:45.900 score against

01:01:46.640 John Boole.

01:01:53.260 In June,

01:01:54.500 1864, the

01:01:56.280 notorious Confederate

01:01:57.340 raider, Alabama,

01:01:58.860 was sunk by the

01:01:59.900 Union's

01:02:00.480 Kearsarge.

01:02:02.260 But the Alabama

01:02:03.460 had been built

01:02:04.320 in Britain, and

01:02:05.680 the vessels she

01:02:06.480 had sunk were

01:02:07.660 also added to the

01:02:08.800 score against

01:02:09.460 John Boole.

01:02:10.160 In Britain, there

01:02:13.580 was still

01:02:14.120 unemployment, thanks

01:02:15.800 to the blockade

01:02:16.620 that kept the

01:02:17.220 mills idle.

01:02:18.420 But there was

01:02:19.060 bread for relief,

01:02:20.500 and it came from

01:02:21.420 the north, where

01:02:22.420 there was grain for

01:02:23.260 export.

01:02:24.480 Like it or not,

01:02:25.860 John Boole had to

01:02:26.980 lean on the

01:02:27.540 Union.

01:02:28.660 But he still

01:02:29.540 lacked cotton, and

01:02:31.000 as he watched the

01:02:31.920 continuing American

01:02:32.880 quarrel, John Boole

01:02:34.700 decided that he had

01:02:35.940 better find other

01:02:36.800 suppliers.

01:02:37.280 Fortunately, India

01:02:39.920 and Egypt were

01:02:41.120 ready with their

01:02:41.920 fast-growing

01:02:42.680 production.

01:02:46.900 Soon, the

01:02:48.100 eagerly sought

01:02:48.820 fiber was on its

01:02:49.880 way to Britain,

01:02:50.940 not from Alabama

01:02:51.940 and Georgia, but

01:02:53.600 from Bombay and

01:02:54.700 Alexandria, and it

01:02:56.540 served to revive

01:02:57.500 the mills of

01:02:58.160 Lancashire.

01:02:58.820 Now John Boole

01:03:04.400 adopted a lordlier

01:03:05.760 pose, above the

01:03:07.220 fray.

01:03:08.400 One naughty

01:03:09.000 American boy was

01:03:10.080 as bad as another,

01:03:11.560 and neither of

01:03:12.300 them had better

01:03:12.840 tease the imperial

01:03:14.040 lion.

01:03:15.680 This, despite the

01:03:17.240 fact that

01:03:17.740 conspiracies between

01:03:18.880 Britain and France

01:03:19.900 were always being

01:03:21.420 suspected by

01:03:22.140 Uncle Sam.

01:03:22.800 For one British

01:03:27.220 cartoonist, North

01:03:28.840 and South had

01:03:30.060 now both become

01:03:31.160 shrill fishwives,

01:03:32.880 pouring abuse on

01:03:34.160 a stolid John

01:03:35.160 Boole.

01:03:36.500 But there might be

01:03:37.220 some comfort in

01:03:37.960 this for Lord

01:03:38.580 Russell, for

01:03:39.780 disapproval by both

01:03:40.800 sides meant that

01:03:42.100 he was managing

01:03:42.760 nicely to steer the

01:03:43.860 course of neutrality

01:03:44.800 through these

01:03:45.820 dangerous waters.

01:03:46.780 During 1863, Canada

01:03:54.360 remained heavily

01:03:55.280 garrisoned, cautiously

01:03:56.920 alert.

01:03:58.520 Lord Monk, the

01:03:59.340 governor-general, felt

01:04:00.780 it unwise to relax

01:04:02.140 his defenses, even

01:04:03.700 though northern

01:04:04.300 military energies

01:04:05.240 were now totally

01:04:06.220 absorbed by the

01:04:07.420 fury of the

01:04:08.020 civil war.

01:04:09.700 The South was

01:04:10.880 fighting with

01:04:11.440 frenzied desperation

01:04:12.520 as superior northern

01:04:14.120 resources at last

01:04:15.700 came into play on

01:04:16.680 the battlefields.

01:04:22.500 In June of

01:04:23.720 1963, Lee once

01:04:25.500 more invaded the

01:04:26.460 North amid

01:04:27.340 general alarm.

01:04:29.200 A month later, a

01:04:30.680 tighter union draft

01:04:31.760 law aroused bitter

01:04:33.140 charges of inequality

01:04:34.360 and for four days,

01:04:36.560 mobs looted and

01:04:37.680 burned in New York.

01:04:39.880 Troops had to be

01:04:40.520 diverted from the

01:04:41.220 front to quell the

01:04:42.280 violence.

01:04:46.680 But despite these

01:04:47.660 troubles, the

01:04:48.760 Union's forces grew

01:04:50.080 and grew, with new

01:04:51.920 levies building up an

01:04:52.980 army that was fast

01:04:53.980 becoming the best in

01:04:55.420 the world.

01:04:57.040 For Lord Monk, this

01:04:58.560 growing strength brought

01:05:00.200 a disturbing vision of a

01:05:02.040 neighboring nation where

01:05:03.080 everybody seemed to have

01:05:04.380 a gun.

01:05:05.920 What if these guns were to

01:05:07.220 aim at Canada after the

01:05:08.600 civil war to settle old

01:05:10.720 scores?

01:05:12.340 This was the worry that

01:05:14.500 kept haunting the

01:05:15.460 governor-general.

01:05:21.420 Canada herself had given

01:05:23.300 the North little cause for

01:05:25.100 real anger.

01:05:26.780 She had clearly been alert

01:05:28.160 to danger, but her

01:05:29.640 attitude had been

01:05:30.480 defensive, not hostile.

01:05:32.920 The real problem for

01:05:34.200 Canada had been the

01:05:35.260 revival of hostility between

01:05:36.880 the United States and

01:05:38.160 Britain.

01:05:39.400 Actually, there was a lot

01:05:40.580 less official British

01:05:41.860 hostility than the North

01:05:43.420 thought there was.

01:05:44.920 The aristocracy might

01:05:46.220 sentimentalize about the

01:05:47.680 gallant South, and the

01:05:49.420 Tory press might make fun

01:05:50.860 of Lincoln, but Palmerston

01:05:52.740 and Russell had remained

01:05:54.340 scrupulously correct.

01:05:57.200 But they were realists, and

01:05:59.300 when they were convinced the

01:06:00.580 South would prevail, their

01:06:02.420 desire to bring an end to

01:06:03.880 hostilities was simply a

01:06:05.640 polite way of trying to

01:06:06.760 persuade the North to

01:06:07.780 recognize the facts of

01:06:09.000 life.

01:06:10.120 To the North, however,

01:06:11.560 mediation was a vicious

01:06:13.020 pro-Confederate stratagem.

01:06:15.600 So, Lord Monk did have

01:06:17.140 reason to worry.

01:06:18.540 If the United States decided

01:06:20.000 to settle its score with

01:06:21.180 Britain after the Civil

01:06:22.180 War, the Americans might

01:06:23.940 once again try to visit the

01:06:25.620 sins of the father on the

01:06:27.120 son.

01:06:28.480 And the son, of course, was

01:06:30.220 Canada.

01:06:30.540 Canada.

01:06:30.640 Canada.

01:06:30.680 Canada.

01:06:30.700 Canada.

01:06:30.720 Canada.

01:06:31.180 Canada.

01:06:32.680 Canada.

01:06:33.140 Canada.

01:06:33.700 Canada.

01:06:34.700 Canada.

01:06:35.140 Canada.

01:06:35.700 Canada.

01:06:36.200 Canada.

01:06:36.820 Canada.

01:06:59.700 Canada.

01:07:00.800 Canada.

01:07:02.700 Canada.

01:07:03.740 Canada.

01:07:04.740 Thank you.

01:07:34.740 Thank you.

01:08:04.740 Thank you.

01:08:34.740 Thank you.

01:09:04.740 Thank you.

01:09:34.740 Thank you.

01:10:04.740 Thank you.

01:10:34.740 Additionally, so part of the reason that I don't really want to get into the nuances of the causes of the American Civil War and the justification, I don't want to do that.

01:11:18.980 The tactics that were used, the technology, the battles, the generals, I have much more knowledge about stuff like that than I do about the politics of the American Civil War.

01:11:30.320 So I'm just going to, you know, leave it to, if you really want to, I know somebody who's done great work on it, you know, like him or hate him is Ryan Dawson.

01:11:40.540 He's done a lot of great stuff, particularly about Lincoln. So you can go check out that stuff if you really want to know more about it. But I'm just going to leave it for the most part.

01:11:51.160 But with the exception of saying that, um, I understand why Britain and most of your honestly, all of Europe essentially at this time was opposed to the institution of slavery.

01:12:05.880 I think that slavery is a moral evil. I don't think that it's the short term benefit of cheap labor always comes back to haunt you and you pay for it in the karma of a weakening civilization, disharmony between the classes of your folk.

01:12:29.620 I think slavery is an anti-folk institution. Um, so I, like, I understand why there was this desire to, you know, rid, uh, the world of it. Um, even, even though like, you know, it's not, um, out of, uh, you know, my bleeding heart, uh, and my empathy for, you know, the poor Negro, uh, you know, that, that drives me to that.

01:12:52.520 It's my observations that slavery as an institution has a way of coming back around and causing way more problems, uh, than it fixes.

01:13:02.940 Um, so I, yeah, that's just how I look at it. Um, now in that, uh, episode as well, it shouldn't like, I, I feel like a lot of people would be like, oh man, this is like liberal propaganda, right?

01:13:19.500 The, the way that, um, you know, Canadians in 1967 are talking about the American civil war and Lincoln and slavery and these things. Um, it shouldn't come as a surprise. Um, that's, that's not, uh, cucking, you know what I mean?

01:13:36.820 That's not them, uh, being bleeding heart liberals as we saw. Um, you know, most of the British population at the time was just opposed to slavery. Um, that, that doesn't mean that they were, you know, let's all race mix out and, you know, make caramel babies. Obviously not.

01:13:56.980 It was just like, you know, they're, they're distaste for something that they viewed as, um, uh, vulgar, I guess would be the way to say it. Um, uh, long juries, isn't economic slavery, basically the same thing.

01:14:19.340 Well, I mean, yeah, you can, you can make arguments. Look, uh, we can get into, you know, um, look, slavery, uh, we'll say this, not all slavery is equal. Um, there is a huge difference between being, you know, um, a valet type slave to a Roman aristocrat and being a Roman, you know, mine slave.

01:14:43.220 Um, there's a huge difference, um, there's a huge difference, um, between being a thrall of say like, uh, you know, a Scandinavian society or a German society and, uh, being a, uh, you know, a, a, a janissary or, um, you know, some kind of Ottoman Turk slave boy, um, used for sex or whatever.

01:15:08.680 Like these kinds of things, um, have a massive, uh, variance in them. And so like, even you could say a lot of people make the argument, like, what about the Irish and Scottish, you know, and English, you know, to a certain extent indentured servants, um, you know, they were basically, you know, slaves for a fixed period of time.

01:15:25.800 Um, yeah. Um, but even that was not, some of it was very, again, huge disparities between how bad that was. Some of them were horribly treated. Others were treated, you know, quite well. So, um,

01:15:38.840 Um, it's about understanding that, uh, there's nuance in all these things. Um, and, uh, obviously the, the propaganda associated with it, um, you know, today and the, the way they want you to look at, you know, all slavery is being, they want you to think of all slavery today as being chattel slavery.

01:15:58.220 Um, that it was basically just whips and chains and steel masks and, um, you know, ripping babies from their mothers and, you know, shit like that. Um, and yeah, some of that happened. I mean, if you really want a good, uh, summary of slavery as an institution, one of the best series.

01:16:19.260 And I've, I've, I've talked about him before, but Dan Carlin does an excellent series on, uh, slavery and I forget what it's called. It's something, hang on. I'll, I'll, uh, it's called human resources, um, from three years ago.

01:16:45.520 Um, and, uh, it's, it's a really good, just, he goes, a lot of it focuses on the transatlantic slave trade and, you know, modern slavery or modern slavery. Um, but he goes back like all throughout history and he talks about a lot of the things that I'm mentioning now. Um, but a lot of people think that, um, when they think of slavery in America, the stories that they're actually talking about, funny enough, they don't actually come from the States.

01:17:15.500 A lot of the time. A lot of the things that are brought up, like some of the, like more, um, cruel and vicious kind of treatment of them are actually stories from Haiti.

01:17:26.220 The French were very cruel to slaves and they did some fucked up shit. And that, you know, I'm not saying it was justified, but that came back, you know, with a vengeance whenever they, um, overthrew the, the French, uh, colonists and killed them all, including all the mulattos.

01:17:44.160 Um, so like you can, like, there's some fucked up stories if you want to go look into that. Um, but yeah, obviously I think, I think slavery is, is bad. Um, because it degrades you as, as the slave holder too. Um, it's just not, it's not a noble thing.

01:18:05.200 I don't think it's not, certainly not a folkish thing. So I'm just going to leave it at that. Um, I understand why, uh, our ancestors opposed it. I understand why they saw things the way they did, even though, you know, there's the argument that it wasn't even a war about slavery.

01:18:22.160 It doesn't matter. So, so here's the thing. It doesn't matter. And I've heard this argument before. I understand. Okay. There was a difference in culture. There was a difference in industry. There was a difference in needs. There was a difference in attitudes. Like there was all these, uh, things that were contributing to a division between the North and South. And slavery was one of those things. And this was obviously in the context of the rights of the States and, you know, proper, the property of the individual, et cetera.

01:18:52.160 I understand that. Okay. Um, I understand that, uh, the South was entirely within their rights to secede from the union and form their own state. Um, at least that's how I understand it. They were entirely within their rights to do that. And everything they did was legal. Um, according to American constitutional documents. Okay. I get that. Um, and I get that the use of slavery as the justification for, uh, you know, war against,

01:19:22.160 against the South, you know, the war of Northern aggression, um, was, was to some extent, an excuse that they were using to play on public sentiment, but that's it right there. We talked about this. I think in the previous episode, I think Brian brought this up. He said that, um, it seems like all of these conflicts are brought about for economic reasons.

01:19:45.980 This is correct. Uh, largely that's more often the case than not. Very few wars are fought on moral grounds. Um, very few wars are fought purely for ideas, or at least that's not what starts them. Now, oftentimes the war starts for some kind of economic reason or, you know, political reason. Um, and then there is a moral

01:20:16.000 軍 and, uh, uh, moral structure, um, essential peer support, um, uh, loss ACT.

01:20:16.980 Yeah. Socrแต is how much or less less have the power of stupid pressure on the kill. Uh, but there is highways of one thing. Um, Ore Jane, which is sort of op home in the market.

01:20:19.980 Um, so many shifts that are supplied on top of it because it's very hard to get people to fight for, um, you know, things that's not that are not gonna benefit them.

01:20:26.980 So it's, it's hard to motivate somebody to go to war when it's like, well, you know, I don't wanna lose money. You know, like it's hard to motivate the working class to go to war so that, um, you know, businessmen and aristocrats can hold more land or, you know, make

01:20:37.960 you know, make bigger profits, whatever. So oftentimes they, they will appeal to some kind

01:20:42.820 of moral sentiment to get the masses and the public on board or to dissuade them from getting

01:20:48.340 on board, et cetera. And this is largely what the union did in the American civil war. They use this,

01:20:54.620 this thing that a lot of people just did not agree with to, you know, justify their actions.

01:21:01.280 And as we saw at the end of the episode, that inevitably kept Britain, not only out of the war,

01:21:06.520 but eventually caused them to just cut off all ties essentially with the Confederacy. So

01:21:12.580 whether you believe the war was about slavery or not, in the end, slavery was one of the major,

01:21:20.380 you know, talking point. It was the reason that things went the way they did. So

01:21:24.620 you can't separate them. All right.

01:21:36.520 Yeah. Celsus says that it's morally abhorrent is almost the least reason to oppose slavery.

01:21:42.760 What it does to a nation economically is worse. What it does to its burgeoning workforce and industry.

01:21:47.960 I a hundred percent agree. Um, from, from the point of view of if you are, let's say you're a

01:21:55.420 nationalist, right? You're somebody who puts your folk first and what's good for them, not just in

01:22:00.480 the short term, but in the longterm, what you are doing by. So there's, there's two things

01:22:07.400 with slavery. You're either going to enslave your own folk to do this, which is a crime against your

01:22:18.780 own people. So it's disgusting, right? To, to put your own people in bondage, um, you know, for your

01:22:25.080 benefit is that's basically what our leaders do now. And they're the most disgusting people

01:22:29.720 imaginable. Um, or you conquer or, you know, take, um, people from another folk and then you bring

01:22:41.180 them into yours. And so you create this underclass that's supposed to provide cheap labor. And now you

01:22:48.160 have this problem where you have this, this inherent, uh, uh, propensity for race mixing, for, um,

01:22:57.060 uprisings, for disunity between the classes. There's all kinds of things that bringing slavery

01:23:03.600 into your society, uh, you know, uh, it, it, it attacks your social, the social cohesion of the in

01:23:12.760 group. Uh, it's not a good institution to have in your society. Um, now some cases this takes longer

01:23:19.380 to play out than others. Like the, the Roman Republican empire are a good example of how

01:23:23.900 it took a while, but, um, you know, and they got a lot done with the slaves that they took and it made

01:23:30.000 them very wealthy, but inevitably slavery is one of the major, uh, causes that led to the downfall of

01:23:36.320 the Roman empire. Um, there was too many foreigners. There was, uh, too much, uh, race mixing between

01:23:43.560 them. So there was like, there was no, they started losing the concept of what a Roman was and who was

01:23:48.660 Roman and all of these things led to the deterioration of their society. So, um, yeah, I a hundred percent

01:23:56.760 agree. It's not even about whether it's morally abhorrent or not. Um, murder or war is kind of morally

01:24:02.720 abhorrent. It's mass murder. Um, but it's totally justified sometimes. So when people try to, um,

01:24:09.780 uh, justify in politics, um, whether or not something is valid just based on whether it's,

01:24:16.420 uh, like a, a, a sinful or not is, is irrelevant. Yeah. Celsus against us, Alex, you wants, you said

01:24:27.240 once that a country that relies on immigration is failing. It's the same thing with slavery. Uh, it does

01:24:32.680 damage to domestic productivity by hamstringing its young people. Yeah. We're seeing this play to

01:24:37.180 it's, they call it temporary foreign workers or, uh, immigrants now, but it's the same thing.

01:24:42.140 They're importing an underclass. Basically, you know, the term that we like to use around here is

01:24:46.420 brown collar workers. They're importing hundreds of thousands and millions of these brown collar

01:24:52.380 workers. Um, you know, that are taking away opportunities from the, the youth predominantly,

01:24:59.880 um, and, uh, basically just draining and parasiting resources. Um, so yeah, I a hundred percent agree.

01:25:12.340 Uh, a couple of here from Maple Sven, and then I'm going to like, I, I didn't want to do this. This

01:25:18.720 is why I didn't want to do this whole thing because, um, this, this conversation, while it's interesting,

01:25:25.620 is not exactly relevant to, uh, you know, the history of Canada necessarily, or, um, you know,

01:25:34.480 our heritage. So it's kind of like not even our topic aside from the fact that, you know, most people

01:25:42.120 oppose slavery in this time period. Um, Maple Sven says, both sides lost the U S civil war because the

01:25:48.100 Negroes weren't sent back to Africa. Correct. Um, it was that like, this is where, um, you know,

01:25:56.220 I'm not American. Um, but you know, you gotta be able to admit whenever like your ancestors, as much

01:26:04.540 as you should, uh, admire them and respect them and pay homage to them, they're not infallible in the

01:26:11.180 same way that we are not infallible. So obviously they made mistakes. Um, and in the case of

01:26:17.240 the United States in particular, but much of the European colonial world, slavery was a terrible

01:26:25.800 mistake. Um, the transatlantic slave trade had horrible consequences long-term. Um, and it was

01:26:34.060 a mistake like, and you know, you learn from these lessons do not like the lesson to be learned is do

01:26:39.120 not bring in cheap foreign, uh, like racially foreign labor. Don't do that. Terrible idea. Um,

01:26:47.240 and we didn't learn it or we're repeating the same mistake now. Um, uh, Maple Sven has another

01:26:57.760 one there. He says, I am not, uh, nor ever have been in favor or quote, sorry, quote, I am not nor

01:27:03.160 ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of Negroes nor of qualifying them to hold office

01:27:09.940 nor to intermarry with white people. End quote, Abe Lincoln. Yeah. This is like, again, Lincoln gets

01:27:16.540 romanticized. They romanticized him a little bit in this episode. Uh, I, that doesn't surprise me at

01:27:22.140 all. One for this time period. Again, remember, you know, this isn't necessarily, it's not like woke or

01:27:28.120 anything, but remember this is at the height of the civil rights movement in the United States.

01:27:32.780 Um, and so these figures like Lincoln in particular were being, you know, propagandized

01:27:39.700 and championed in the time period that that, uh, documentary was made. So it, you should kind

01:27:45.880 of expect, you know, they're going to be favorable towards the North and Lincoln. Um, obviously

01:27:51.680 um, the other one too, sorry, I should have brought this one up. Somebody did mention it too. I,

01:28:00.100 I meant to actually clip this and I totally forgot to, um, ghost dog man said, rest in shit. John

01:28:07.020 Brown, the John Brown one caught me by surprise in that video. Um, he, he is romanticized to a certain

01:28:18.680 extent, but I don't understand the, the only Canadian figure that I could really compare him to

01:28:25.180 is maybe Louis Riel. And it's like, I think John Brown is way worse than Louis Riel. John Brown was

01:28:32.860 a fucking lunatic. Um, he was involved in murders in, uh, you know, the territories where there was

01:28:42.440 slavery disputes over, um, bleeding Kansas and stuff like that. He was, you know, setting fire to people

01:28:49.680 like, he was a terrorist. Um, and then he tries to lead a raid into Virginia to start a slave uprising

01:28:57.820 and kill a bunch of, of, you know, white people. And he gets like, you know, he's terrible at this

01:29:04.060 cause he, you know, he's basically there. I'll explain it like this. Antifa loves this guy.

01:29:10.100 There's literally groups named after him in the United States right now. I think there's one called

01:29:14.440 the John Brown gun club. Um, so he's idolized by like the furthest left shit heels that exist today.

01:29:23.040 Um, anyways, he tries to start incite a slave rebellion in Virginia. It doesn't go well for

01:29:29.420 him. He's caught and executed like the terrorist that he was. And then, you know, he ends up being

01:29:34.080 immortalized because of it. Um, so he, like he got, he basically became a martyr, but he shouldn't have

01:29:40.840 been. He was just a lunatic. Uh, David Smith says, Devin stack did a daco about this. I'm sure he has.

01:29:48.520 Um, so the reason that caught me by surprise is because I don't know why they were, um,

01:30:06.680 I'd have to look into like why this guy was being idolized in this because even in modern,

01:30:12.440 like if you watch something like Ken Burns, you know, whatever it is, 20 part series, like

01:30:17.980 80 hours series on the civil war, I think it's called the civil war. Um, it is a good documentary

01:30:24.280 in terms of content. There's a lot of, uh, like black narrative applied on it. So like, you know,

01:30:31.000 with a grain of salt, but like the, the primary source, um, information in that series is excellent.

01:30:37.640 Like the letters and the journals and whatever. Um, it's amazing. But even in a series like that,

01:30:45.880 they're much more nuanced about John Brown. And they're like, yeah, he's kind of about his mind.

01:30:49.880 Like thought he could talk to God, like, you know, thought he was God's crusading angels,

01:30:54.680 like that. So yeah. Uh, John Brown piece of shit. Okay.

01:31:06.600 Sorry. All right. Let's get into these clips. Uh, I'm going to try not to do the whole,

01:31:14.440 um, uh, civil war thing for the rest of this, uh, as much as I can for the reasons I've already stated.

01:31:24.760 Okay. Uh, so completely different topic than what we've just been talking about, but, um,

01:31:32.520 it starts with, uh, the, the beginning of this starts with the gray West. Now the reason I took

01:31:37.480 these clips, um, is because we, I, I think I mentioned it in the previous episode, it will come

01:31:44.760 up again in the next episode and even more so in the episodes to follow. But one of the points to try to

01:31:51.640 make regarding, you know, the prairies settlement Canada is that, um, the settlement of the prairies

01:31:59.320 and the establishment of, you know, the provinces there was not a British endeavor. It was a Canadian

01:32:06.440 endeavor. Um, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, those are colonies of Canada. And I, like,

01:32:16.120 I think it's difficult for people to understand that today, but that that's what happened.

01:32:20.120 This was a vision that was conceived of by, you know, Canadians, um, who saw the potential

01:32:26.520 of a transcontinental nation, uh, and, and the settlement of these huge open areas. So I just

01:32:33.960 want to drive that home again, because it is relevant, especially today when Albertans seem to

01:32:39.880 think that they, a lot of Albertans, particularly these, these separatists who think history began

01:32:46.120 in 2015 with the election of Trudeau. Um, they seem to think that they just, you know,

01:32:53.880 spawned out of the spring dew on the plains of Alberta. And that's not at all what happened.

01:32:59.160 Um, most of them have roots in Ontario or Quebec. Uh, most, most of the people who have, uh, you know,

01:33:05.160 been there for multiple generations. So I just find that, uh, interesting and something that we should

01:33:10.040 pay attention to. The growing commercial centers of Canada West, Hamilton, London, and Toronto,

01:33:19.160 reflected the prosperity of the years after the Reciprocity Treaty. And it was here that the

01:33:24.840 first stirrings of ambition to expand Canada's territory westward began to appear. Books about

01:33:32.280 the Great West aroused wide interest with their accounts of the prairies.

01:33:40.040 For recent immigrants, there might be farms in this huge area that now supported

01:33:46.360 only the Indian hunter and the buffalo. And for businessmen, settlers would mean more markets.

01:33:53.560 This west was British, not American, and might be made Canadian.

01:34:00.360 Surely it could someday be put to far more profitable use than this.

01:34:04.040 Here was room to expand a Canada that was still

01:34:11.960 little more than a thin strip of land from Quebec to Detroit.

01:34:21.160 Yeah. Um, sorry.

01:34:25.800 Yeah. So, uh, you know, uh, while we're on this topic, uh, Damien says, uh, fairy Canadians are

01:34:36.040 British. The HBC is British. Alberta is very English. The settlement of the west is British.

01:34:41.720 Yeah. Obviously Canadians for the most, but with the exception of the Quebec law are British there,

01:34:47.800 you know, and the Irish would reject this terminology, I'm sure. But, um, the British isles,

01:34:53.400 right. Um, what, what I mean when I say that it wasn't a British, uh, endeavor, the settlement of

01:35:00.600 Western Canada was not a British endeavor. It was a Canadian endeavor is that it was initiative taken

01:35:05.560 within Canada, not, uh, England. The Hudson's Bay company was not interested in settlement. We've been

01:35:13.560 over that multiple times, uh, throughout this. Uh, you can go back and check the earlier episodes

01:35:18.600 if you want to get into that more, but the Hudson's Bay company was explicitly opposed to settlement

01:35:24.120 for the most part, with the exception of a few forts and outposts. They didn't want that because

01:35:30.280 settlement would mean that the, it would drive away the game and it would drive away the Indian

01:35:35.800 hunters that they were doing the trade with. So, um, you know, like in the United States, um,

01:35:43.240 you know, there, there was this idea that the only good Indian is a dead Indian in Canada. It was the

01:35:47.560 reverse. The only good Indian is a live Indian because you can trade with them for furs. So the

01:35:52.200 Hudson's Bay company was not interested in settlement. That's, and yes, it was a British company, but it

01:35:56.200 wasn't the one that ultimately, you know, pushed for Canadian expansion into the prairies. So, um,

01:36:03.160 um, and then, uh, there was another one there too.

01:36:18.360 Uh, yeah, sorry. Long jury jury says, uh, and we are within our right as a colony to leave Canada.

01:36:28.840 You know, I, I think Albertans have to go through this process and I've talked about it at length.

01:36:34.040 Um, I, I simply don't think it's going to work. Um, let me put it this way. There are more people

01:36:43.720 who are sympathetic to the issues that are leading you to want to separate from Canada in Ontario than

01:36:51.880 there are in Alberta. There are certainly more people sympathetic to you in Ontario than there are

01:36:59.640 people who are opposed to you in Alberta. All of the things that you want, there are more people in

01:37:06.360 Ontario who agree with you than there are people in Alberta who agree with you.

01:37:10.360 So if you think that separating, you know, yourself from, uh, those people who agree with you is, is the

01:37:20.120 right path and, you know, fine. Um, I think if you guys get your referendum, which it looks like you're

01:37:26.600 going to in 2026, I think you're going to be, you guys are in for a rude awakening. I think it's going to be 80 to

01:37:33.080 20. Um, at, at best 70, 30, if it's, if you guys get 40% of the vote, I'll be shocked, uh, in favor of

01:37:43.000 separatism. So, you know, um, I think you guys need to go through this process though. So, you know,

01:37:54.200 do it, you should do it with the intention of following through, um, give it the old college

01:38:02.360 try genuinely. And when it doesn't work, then, you know, or if it doesn't work, I suppose, then you're

01:38:09.160 going to have to recalibrate and reassess. And I think you're going to come to the conclusion that

01:38:14.360 working within the framework of Canadian nationalism is the path out of this problem,

01:38:19.160 not separating yourself and cutting yourself off from the people who support you. Um,

01:38:32.120 there was something else there too.

01:38:33.480 Um, yeah, I wanted to do this. Schrodinger's nut.

01:38:43.000 It's a great name. Uh, Schrodinger's nut says you have to stop looking toward the past. We're

01:38:49.080 never going back. Futurism is where to look unless there is some retard who didn't know we all used to

01:38:54.840 to be white. Um, I, I disagree. Um, I, I, like, I agree with you in theory that like, there's,

01:39:05.080 there's a tendency for people to want to return to the past. Like they're, they're nostalgic and

01:39:11.960 they want, you know, you know, you hear it all the time. Like, oh, we need to go back to the nineties

01:39:16.280 or we need to go back to say whatever it is. Right. Um, and you can't do that. I agree. You can't go

01:39:21.400 backwards, but part of the problem that, you know, got us here is losing our roots of, you know, um,

01:39:31.000 what made us great, what made us who we are, um, appreciation for the sacrifices that were made for

01:39:37.080 us. And so the, the point of going through this, uh, project is not to like lament what was and wish

01:39:46.440 that it could be again. It's to root ourselves firmly in the knowledge of who we are, where we

01:39:53.400 came from, what the vision of this country was supposed to be, and then formulating something

01:39:58.840 that is in harm in harmony with those concepts and moving forward. So, um, we, you can't re we can't

01:40:09.880 return to where we were on the path, but we can find our way back to the same path and, you know,

01:40:17.800 get back on track. And so that's the point of, you know, looking at these, these periods of history

01:40:24.360 and understanding, um, you know, what the vision for this country was. So, yeah.

01:40:41.160 Oh, the, the other, yeah. The other thing too, is that, um, one of the most powerful weapons you have

01:40:48.600 whenever you're in conversation with the average person or, you know, somebody who's opposing you

01:40:53.640 politically or whatever is that your, the history of this country favors you. Um,

01:41:01.880 they don't have the, our opponents do not have the ability to invoke, you know, the, the fathers of

01:41:08.120 confederation or, you know, early Canadian history or, um, you know, the roots of this country to their

01:41:15.720 advantage. Everything they believe in is in direct opposition to that division that was, um, Canada,

01:41:23.080 according to the fathers of confederation. So why would you not weaponize that? Um,

01:41:30.200 they're with you spiritually, like embrace that.

01:41:39.640 Okay. Uh, one more from cocaine rim driver says Rhodesia was a moral, just war. It's why

01:41:45.480 every white boy longs for camo short shorts and armored Land Rovers.

01:41:49.720 Uh, I'm not sure why that came up, but sure.

01:41:54.680 Okay. Let's keep going. Uh, I've only played one clip.

01:41:58.120 In the late 1850s, the Canadian government sent an expedition to the West to look for ways to compete

01:42:04.440 with St. Paul, perhaps even through the creation of an overland route. The expedition had been

01:42:10.920 inspired by expansionists in Canada who dreamed of a much larger country.

01:42:20.040 Yeah. So that, that just kind of reiterates the point I was just making, which is

01:42:24.360 the desire to start, you know, getting these overland routes and finding, um, you know,

01:42:30.600 good territory for settlements and, you know, paying for the explorations and the, all the initiatives to

01:42:36.600 do it. That was, it was done through the Canadian government and through Canadian business largely

01:42:42.200 at this time period. Anyway. So this is where is what I'm saying is this is where it was becoming

01:42:46.920 an explicitly Canadian project, not a British one. The British were not interested in this.

01:42:51.960 Um, aside from maybe having a transcontinental railroad, they were not necessarily pushing for,

01:42:57.480 you know, large scale settlement of the West. Um, and they were, I think this, I don't know if that

01:43:03.560 came up in the, in this series or in this episode, it might've been the last one I'm trying to remember,

01:43:10.040 but they even say that at one point at this time period in history, Britain is overextended.

01:43:14.920 Um, there's problems all over the empire. And one of the things they're trying to do is

01:43:21.560 give a little bit of autonomy here and there and kind of like cut their losses. So like if they can,

01:43:26.920 um, you know, allow Canada to be more independent so that they don't have to, you know, uh, provide

01:43:35.080 military defense and aid and that shit to it, then they were trying to engage in these processes. So,

01:43:40.840 um, yeah, this is not a time period where Britain is looking at expansion. It's contracting.

01:43:48.360 Um, this, this clip I found particularly interesting just because like, this is such a monumental

01:43:54.520 moment in technology. And, uh, I think it's probably not appreciated, but think about how crucial this

01:44:00.600 was, or like, um, just monumental this was, um, for communication and how, how this would have changed, um,

01:44:10.280 um, relations between Europe and North America. And it, it does. So, but in England, preparations were

01:44:18.120 underway for an event that seemed even more significant for Anglo American friendship,

01:44:22.840 where they were getting ready to lay the first transatlantic cable. There was something miraculous

01:44:29.720 about the unwinding of this fragile link across 2,000 miles of dark ocean floor, and its progress

01:44:37.400 was followed with passionate interest. When it was finally brought ashore in North America, there were

01:44:47.160 tremendous celebrations, and in New York, a triumphal parade down Broadway.

01:44:52.200 The cable engineers accomplished their feet in an age that worshiped progress. Better communications

01:45:03.800 could only mean better understanding. And cartoonists were sure that the Atlantic had now become a friendly pond.

01:45:14.520 Yeah. So, you know, aside from, obviously, as we move further into this episode,

01:45:22.280 tensions between the United Kingdom and America start to, um,

01:45:31.880 get inflamed, I suppose, to a certain extent. But, uh, this is a time period where the, the, it,

01:45:41.800 there's a distinct desire to not engage in conflict anymore between the United Kingdom and America.

01:45:48.840 Um, trade is good. Um, you know, both have their own interests. Uh, both would rather not be engaging in,

01:45:58.920 you know, conflict that's going to make them both poorer at the, you know, to the benefit of their

01:46:03.160 enemies. So, um, both sides are not interested. And that, that largely is helped by the communication

01:46:10.120 between them through stuff like the transatlantic cable, um, and trade in general. But yeah.

01:46:18.600 All right. Um,

01:46:19.800 yeah, this, this clip, I really liked because, um, this is kind of like a Canadian tradition,

01:46:28.040 even though we don't really appreciate it in modernity, but this is the first time this happened.

01:46:32.360 So, you know, I think it's interesting. A majestic ship to carry a royal traveler,

01:46:39.800 the Prince of Wales, who came to North America in 1860. In Halifax, the crowds knew that this

01:46:47.560 unprecedented visit by a future king meant recognition of the growing importance of British

01:46:53.080 North America. And they responded by making it clear to Britons and Americans alike that they still

01:47:00.520 preferred monarchy to republicanism. In Quebec, too, there were believers in monarchy to welcome

01:47:13.720 the royal visitor. Although they might regret that the Prince in question was not French,

01:47:19.320 but he was received with friendly politeness. And in Montreal, there were cheers for his royal

01:47:25.160 highness, especially when he paid tribute to one of the engineering marvels of the age.

01:47:30.760 Driving home the last rivet in the new Victoria Bridge.

01:47:38.440 And in Ottawa, just for fun, the Prince had a ride on that great Canadian institution,

01:47:44.600 the Timber Raft.

01:47:51.000 After his Canadian tour, the Prince went to Washington,

01:47:54.440 and there the future King of England met President Buchanan, who assured him of American friendship.

01:48:06.520 But what was really revealing was the enthusiastic reception given to the Prince in several American cities.

01:48:14.040 The people had forgotten how their grandfathers hated King George III. And when the Prince bowed his head

01:48:21.400 at the tomb of George Washington, it looked as though the old Anglo-American hostility had at last come to an end.

01:48:28.920 Yeah, so you can see that one of the reasons that's interesting is because that's the first

01:48:40.840 visit of the Prince of Wales, the heir apparent to the throne to Canada in history. It was 1860.

01:48:48.120 He went to Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, like, you know, what is now Ontario,

01:48:59.480 and then ultimately to the United States. And it kind of ties into the last clip there. You know,

01:49:04.440 they do mention this in the clip, like, they're receiving, I think he's the grandson of King George,

01:49:13.240 you know, the monarch that they had a revolution against, and it's very friendly,

01:49:17.240 and they treat him with a lot of respect. And, you know, there's no real animosity or hostility

01:49:22.520 between them. So like, you can see how relations between America and the UK and Canada are changing

01:49:28.520 at this point. The other thing too is, so the visits of the Prince of Wales and the monarchs,

01:49:34.360 so the first monarch to visit Canada was, I think, 1939. And it was Queen Elizabeth, and

01:49:45.880 I think King George. I think, well, sorry, she wouldn't have been the queen then, I don't think.

01:49:53.480 But anyways, or let's see. Anyway, it doesn't matter. But the Prince of Wales visits are like

01:50:01.720 a thing that's been going on for a long time, and they always bring out the fanfare for it. And this

01:50:08.200 is why a lot of Canadians in modernity don't understand it. And it's because

01:50:17.000 the institution's been kind of warped, or like the event has been kind of warped.

01:50:21.560 So the people who traditionally had respect for the monarchy, and, you know, even if it was only,

01:50:29.240 you know, ceremonial or institutional, but they, you know, they respect the tradition,

01:50:33.080 were Tories, it was conservatives. And so they're the ones who, this is a big patriotic event. I know

01:50:41.960 my parents talked about this whenever they were young, like they went to Ottawa to see Queen Elizabeth

01:50:48.120 when she visited, and Prince Charles, etc. And they have big parade and, you know, the Union Jacks fly

01:50:54.360 everywhere. And, you know, it's a big, you know, homage to our roots, right? The reason this gets kind of

01:51:01.960 bastardized or mutates is because obviously, the monarchy has been on a massive left wing trend away

01:51:11.400 from the politics of the right. And so the typical preservers and, you know, respecters of that

01:51:20.040 institution are betrayed. And so this is why the people who are most hostile to the monarchy today

01:51:26.360 are actually the conservatives, right? They're, you know, the these kind of modern Republican style

01:51:33.160 conservatives. Whereas the people who show it a little bit more respect are actually the liberals,

01:51:39.880 but for the wrong reasons. It's not because of the institute, like they don't respect the monarchy

01:51:46.040 as an institution, or, you know, the history of it. It's more of like a celebrity thing, right?

01:51:51.240 It's like, if, you know, Taylor Swift or something was coming to Toronto, and she was going to do a tour,

01:51:58.600 like you would have the same company. And that's what it became. That's what it's in the same vein as that,

01:52:04.520 like, that's why you see, you know, the tabloids of Harry and whatever her name, Meghan, and, you know,

01:52:11.320 William and Kate, like, it's become like a, like a left wing, gossipy, soap opera style, like show kind of

01:52:23.160 thing, as opposed to like a respectable institution that is appreciated by, you know, good staunch patriotic people. So,

01:52:30.280 it's just an important thing to note, as we see, like, this is something you'll see bastardized and,

01:52:37.480 you know, morph into something that it was never supposed to be over time. And we saw that Charles

01:52:43.640 was in Canada this summer, I think, right? And it doesn't get the same fanfare that it used to,

01:52:50.120 and it gets a lot of hostility. So, yeah. Okay, we'll move right along here. So this is,

01:53:04.600 this is the part, obviously, of the American Civil War, that's kind of the most relevant to Canadians,

01:53:09.000 because this is where it gets dicey.

01:53:15.640 In the Confederate capital at Richmond, there was a burning desire for diplomatic recognition in Europe.

01:53:23.160 So James Mason was sent to London, and John Slidell to Paris. But the vessel they were on was stopped

01:53:30.440 on the high seas by the Union warship San Jacinto, and the two southern emissaries were taken back to

01:53:36.840 the United States as prisoners. The fact that they had been removed from a British merchantman,

01:53:43.960 the Trent, led to a diplomatic uproar, although the captain of the San Jacinto became a Union hero.

01:53:50.680 So once again, it's always a ship, isn't it? Every single time war breaks out or almost breaks out with

01:54:05.960 the United States, it's always got something to do with a goddamn ship. The reason I find that so funny

01:54:14.200 is because if we go back to episode three there, the War of 1812, a lot of you will probably recall

01:54:20.680 that one of the major factors that led to the outbreak of war was, you know, British violation

01:54:25.400 of American sovereignty at sea. They were stopping American merchant vessels on the high seas and going

01:54:35.320 through and looking to see if any of the sailors had British accents or looked like they were, you know,

01:54:41.080 British had British, you know, sailor tattoos or anything like that. And they were seizing them

01:54:45.800 and putting them on their vessels and, you know, basically making them not slaves, but, you know,

01:54:51.400 basically indentured servants. So the irony being here, the exact opposite, right? It's an American

01:54:58.200 vessel that, you know, hijacks a British merchant ship and seizes two American or Confederate diplomats.

01:55:09.720 And, you know, Britain is just outraged at this violation of their sovereignty at sea, right?

01:55:14.360 So I think it's just kind of funny, you know, uh, it all comes back around.

01:55:23.160 Uh, I don't know who that is, but they're fucking weird.

01:55:26.760 Uh, okay. Uh, yeah, we'll just move along there. So this, this obviously causes a whole bunch of

01:55:38.920 problems, um, pisses off a lot of people in the United Kingdom. Um, it's just an affront to British

01:55:46.440 honor. So, you know, hostilities increase, uh, tensions rise, and, uh, you start getting the

01:55:53.640 question of like, what is, uh, the United Kingdom going to do? Because they had declared neutrality

01:55:58.280 formally, right? But they weren't really all that neutral. We got into these reasons a little bit

01:56:03.880 in the last episode, I believe. Uh, and we'll, you know, we'll move into them in detail now, I suppose.

01:56:12.200 The outcry in Britain over the Trent affair obscured the fact that opinion on the Civil War itself

01:56:18.520 was divided along traditionally radical and conservative lines, although both sides opposed

01:56:24.840 slavery, and the Navy had helped drive slave ships from the high seas.

01:56:36.760 In England's cities, anti-slavery meetings revealed the depth of this conviction,

01:56:42.120 and Richard Cobden's writings were avidly perused in the working-class reading rooms of Manchester.

01:56:48.920 John Bright was another reformer who gave the British worker a clear image of the American tragedy,

01:56:55.640 where there was an admirable ideal of liberty, but a dark shadow lurking behind it.

01:57:01.320 Those who knew misery themselves could have no respect for an American liberty that in the South was

01:57:13.480 nothing more than a mask for brutal domination. They felt the North, whatever its faults, could put an

01:57:20.440 end to it. Liberal opinion in Britain could see the Civil War only as a clear-cut contest between

01:57:28.840 slavery and anti-slavery. Nothing else mattered.

01:57:37.400 So this is, I brought this up, uh, you know, in the kind of monologue

01:57:41.960 after we watched the episode about slavery. Just part of,

01:57:48.680 part of being a realist is understanding that it doesn't really matter, like, when it comes to

01:57:53.880 politics and public opinion, the truth doesn't really matter that much. Um, it matters to people

01:58:00.360 who value the truth, but the masses and, uh, just society in general doesn't really value truth,

01:58:08.120 does it? So whether or not, uh, the cause of the North was, um, you know, rooted in economic,

01:58:18.360 political, and just, you know, a pure power trip, um, is irrelevant. They successfully convinced,

01:58:26.680 uh, everybody that was observing this that they were the righteous side because they were fighting

01:58:32.600 slavery. Um, Britain was a master at this in the 20th century, uh, against the Germans. The Germans

01:58:41.640 were always terrible at this, at convincing, you know, uh, the, you know, the global, uh,

01:58:47.400 uh, court of public opinion, uh, the validity of their cause, but yeah. So.

01:59:05.800 Sir, I'm just reading the chat.

01:59:06.920 Sorry. Um, yeah. So you said, uh, as I said earlier, there was already a very strong anti-slavery

01:59:22.040 sentiment. A lot of you probably know that Britain had gone through basically, they did a war on

01:59:27.400 slavery. Um, they shut down the transatlantic slave trade. Uh, they rooted it out of their colonies,

01:59:33.720 wherever it still existed. They were fighting it in places where they held territory. They,

01:59:38.680 they found slavery to be an abhorrent, you know, institution. Um, and this is, you know,

01:59:47.480 one of the, one of the things that's interesting about, you know, the, the, uh, English expression

01:59:53.720 of the Anglo-Saxon, Saxon race is that they're very focused, especially in this time period on progress.

01:59:59.560 Um, now typically that it was reserved to progress in terms of development, uh, industry, capital,

02:00:08.920 technology, um, you know, infrastructure, things like that, things of a practical, you know, obvious,

02:00:15.800 logical significance, right? Like something that makes sense. Um, the problem with this mindset is

02:00:22.600 that eventually it started translating into the humanities and social causes and, um, you know,

02:00:29.800 things like, uh, justice and, and all of these things. So this is where you get this kind of

02:00:34.680 hijacked imperialism where, um, you know, it ends up biting them in the ass. And this is where you see

02:00:40.120 things. I was talking about it with edgy a little bit on, uh, his stream on Wednesday. Uh, it's where you

02:00:46.040 get these misguided attempts to try and come up with solutions, um, that, that are genuinely, uh,

02:00:58.840 where they try to come up with genuine attempts to bridge the gap between them and what I would

02:01:05.160 consider to be less civilized, uh, races or less, um, sophisticated civilizations. Um,

02:01:16.360 and they did this all over the place and it bit them in the ass a lot. Um, and obviously, you know,

02:01:21.320 some of you have already been mentioning it, like, you know, South Africa, like, what did that,

02:01:25.000 like, they screwed over their own people in South Africa. They screwed over, uh, you know, are arguably

02:01:29.560 some of their people in Australia and in, um, in Canada, right? Like it, it kind of, and their own

02:01:36.440 people at home. So this, you know, endless pursuit of progress made them what they were. It was the

02:01:46.120 reason why they, they became the, arguably the greatest empire to ever exist. Um, but when that

02:01:53.000 translated into, you know, this, this idea of enlightened social, uh, causes and things like

02:01:59.960 that, that's whenever it bit them in the ass. So does that make sense? I hope that makes sense.

02:02:13.320 Um, I think you'll, you'll see that come up again in the next episode to the, this endless pursuit of

02:02:18.200 progress. Um, which is good. Like you can understand that desire, right? They were always

02:02:25.080 trying to like, like, that's how you get things like the steam engine and the locomotive and,

02:02:30.600 you know, canals and, and these new bridge technology and manufacturing and, uh, you know,

02:02:36.440 new chemist chemical processes and, uh, you know, advanced, uh, scientific technology,

02:02:43.720 like all these things, you know, advanced warfare technology, like this is because of their,

02:02:47.880 you know, this, this inherent, uh, Anglo-Saxon desire to just, you know, find better, do better,

02:02:54.840 you know, make more, um, you know, that, uh, that, uh, what's that, uh, I can't remember the term.

02:03:06.520 Anyways, it's not really that important, but you get what I'm saying.

02:03:08.600 Um, I think, sorry, I'll add one more thing to you. I think part of it comes from comfort.

02:03:21.000 And so in this time period, um, and especially moving into the 20th, the 19th century, uh,

02:03:28.920 or sorry, the 20th century and beyond, um, you have a growing amount of people who are living

02:03:36.200 comfortably, um, who have time to think about, uh, more things who have time to address. Basically,

02:03:43.640 you have a lot of people, they're starting to have time to find problems that don't exist.

02:03:49.000 Right. So, um, comfort leads to these pursuits of, you know, lofty goals and ideals and, you know,

02:03:57.960 the road to hell is paved with good intentions. And so, um, you know, as people are lifted up

02:04:03.720 out of, uh, drudgery by the progress, um, of the British empire, they turn on it and they start

02:04:11.000 attacking the very thing that lifted so many people out of poverty for being, you know, backwards and

02:04:16.600 cruel and, uh, not, uh, uh, you know, not socially just and, you know, all the, all these, uh, trivial

02:04:27.480 things as summers led. Yeah. The Faustian spirit, that's, that's the term I was looking for. Yeah.

02:04:35.160 The Faustian spirit. Yeah. I don't know why that didn't click, but yeah. Okay. Um, the other aspect

02:04:43.880 though in Britain at this time, um, there was obviously a strong anti-slavery sentiment, but,

02:04:48.760 um, there was a strong desire to kind of just let this play out. And like, they didn't just because

02:04:58.120 they agreed that slavery was abhorrent and, you know, they thought the union was maybe morally

02:05:02.920 just or whatever. There was some more real politic type, you know, characters who were looking at this

02:05:09.160 and saying, this is kind of good for us. You know, if the United States splits up into two nations,

02:05:16.680 that gives us, you know, an advantage over them, you know, like basically divide and conquer. And so

02:05:21.720 this idea, like, you know, and also kind of a savage pleasure that some of them, you know,

02:05:27.080 were getting out of watching this, you know, uh, rogue child, this, um, you know, wayward child of the,

02:05:34.520 of the British empire who fell, you know, to the, to the horrors of republicanism,

02:05:40.040 seeing that republicanism and that individualism bite them in the ass and result in that kind of

02:05:45.160 conflict. You know, that you had some people who were kind of, you know, kicking their feet up and

02:05:50.280 warming their, the, their heels on the fires of American, you know, of America burning. So.

02:05:57.240 But most of Britain's ruling class viewed the civil war through less idealistic eyes.

02:06:06.680 The Tory press, as well as the aristocracy and the business community, were able to adopt a detached

02:06:13.000 attitude toward the great struggle across the Atlantic. For them, it became a straight power

02:06:19.240 struggle in which the Negro and his sufferings tended to fade out of the picture.

02:06:27.240 This was a family quarrel and it was obvious that Britain caught between the scowls of Lincoln

02:06:34.840 and the frowns of Davis ought to steer the course of neutrality. The Queen had already proclaimed

02:06:41.240 neutrality and Jeff Davis with his Confederate bonds and cotton should be dealt with cautiously.

02:06:47.800 But the North's petulant hints that neutrality wasn't good enough came to irritate Tory opinion.

02:06:59.080 And soon there were portrayals of Lincoln as a wild man bent on taking Canada.

02:07:08.840 Meanwhile, Northern defeats in Civil War battles roused Tory's sarcasm.

02:07:14.120 And it was suggested that perhaps the Yankees would conquer Canada by retreating into it.

02:07:23.320 The lion's mood was changing. Britain's aristocracy had never been happy about the much admired success

02:07:30.280 of Yankee democracy. And most of them were not displeased to see a little trouble there.

02:07:35.880 It was time people stopped adversely comparing the monarchy to the Republic.

02:07:43.080 Maybe the lion didn't look so bad after all.

02:07:50.680 Now the ghost of King George III could mock the ghost of George Washington.

02:07:55.480 And by the second year of the war, feelings about Abraham Lincoln in Tory Britain could hardly be described as neutral.

02:08:04.280 So, not to go down into another big explanation of the American Civil War or anything,

02:08:19.240 but one of the things that's important to understand in this time period is that the North was doing terribly.

02:08:24.360 The first two and a half, three years of the war went absolutely horrible.

02:08:32.040 Like until basically Gettysburg, it was not going well for the North.

02:08:37.480 They had a series of horrible commanders.

02:08:40.200 Uh, McClellan in particular was just, uh, impotent. Um, well, impotence, the wrong word is unwilling.

02:08:50.040 He was just, he refused to basically do anything with, with a huge army. Um, because he was terrified of losing.

02:08:57.000 Uh, and so the, the South had extremely capable commanders. Like if you go down the list of, uh, American

02:09:05.400 civil war, you know, generals, colonels, you know, uh, captains, like they had extremely capable leaders,

02:09:13.720 you know, and their, their famous names, Robert E. Lee, uh, Nathan Bedford Forrest, Stonewall Jackson,

02:09:20.120 you know, like the, the list is just, it's stacked. They had really capable leadership

02:09:24.600 and they were taking it to the North. Um, part of the reason why the South was able to do this is

02:09:32.040 because the North didn't really know how to use their army properly, uh, in this time period.

02:09:38.120 And this is, it is a really interesting, uh, period of military history because this is where you get

02:09:44.360 the first rumblings of industrial war. So you've got locomotive lines, you've got, you know, big guns,

02:09:52.440 big artillery, you've got rifled bullets, you've got repeating rifles, you've got, um, the precursors to machine guns.

02:10:00.680 Um, it's becoming, you're starting to see a little bit of trench warfare. Um, you know,

02:10:08.120 the tactics are changing. It's less mass formations and more squad type tactics, even though like not

02:10:15.480 quite, because this is why it was such a deadly war is it took them a while to stop, uh, you know,

02:10:20.360 marching in formation, but you're seeing like a lot of, you know, hit and run style tactics and,

02:10:24.520 um, stuff like that. So, um, yeah, crispy says the South could maneuver so much quicker and they knew

02:10:31.080 it. Yeah. They were far superior, um, in terms of quality of soldiers and leaders, uh, even though

02:10:37.720 they had, uh, way fewer numbers. Um, so the war was going terribly for the, the union. Um, and a lot of

02:10:47.000 it was taking place on Northern territory. It was the South taking it to the North, not, you know,

02:10:52.760 it should have been in theory, the North taking it to the South and that was not happening. Um,

02:10:57.160 it's only after a series, you know, they finally get rid of these terrible commanders. I forget who

02:11:03.000 the, the union general at Gettysburg was, but he was decent. And then, you know, Ulysses S Grant,

02:11:09.000 who's out in the Midwest and, you know, it has a series of victories. He figures out how to actually

02:11:14.840 use his numerical advantage. And basically it's, it's debatable whether Ulysses S Grant is really

02:11:22.760 that great of a general, or if he was just, uh, callous and willing to just spend lives. Uh, some,

02:11:29.960 a lot of people, uh, in the South think that he was just a butcher. Um, that's largely the

02:11:36.440 perspective you'll get from, uh, Southern historians. Uh, you'll get that too, from some

02:11:41.560 Northern and European historians, whenever they talk about Ulysses S Grant, but basically he just

02:11:46.680 knew instead of engaging with them and then, um, you know, allowing them to retreat and then engaging

02:11:54.040 with them again, what you wanted to do when you had the numerical advantage in industrial war is

02:11:59.320 just stick on them and just keep throwing your weight at them over and over because you can replace

02:12:05.320 and they can't. So he he's really using these attrition style tactics, which were abhorrent

02:12:11.960 to many people. You have to recall that this is a time period where the, the values of limited or

02:12:19.800 restricted warfare are still there. And so there's this kind of concept of like, there's an honorable

02:12:25.080 and gentlemanly way to go about conflict. A lot of these battles had observers. So people would like,

02:12:31.480 there's especially early on in the war, people would go with picnic baskets and sit and watch

02:12:37.640 these battles take place. It's like you, like, there's still this kind of like old world mentality

02:12:43.400 about how you do warfare. And it's, you know, Grant and Sherman who put an end to that and they start

02:12:50.120 doing some very aggressive. Sherman in particular was, uh, disgusting, but yeah, I'm sure, I'm sure there's

02:12:57.160 some, I think there's a few Southern Americans or, you know, Confederate Americans in the chat right

02:13:02.920 now who would have some choice words to say about Sherman. But, uh, anyways, this is all to say that,

02:13:11.800 you know, it was not going well for the union. And so Britain was kind of like leaning towards,

02:13:19.800 like, do we just work with the Confederacy? Like we, we trade with them. Like it looks like they could

02:13:24.200 in this time period, early in the war, it looked like the Confederacy was either going to outright

02:13:30.120 win or at least cause so much damage that the union was forced to concede and just allow them to

02:13:36.520 separate and, you know, you know, seek terms. So yeah. Grisby says, fuck Sherman. Yeah.

02:13:46.360 Um, all right. Uh, yeah. And like, this also just gets into British motivations at the time period.

02:13:59.320 In the 1860s, Britain led the world in textile production and her mills relied heavily on cotton

02:14:06.440 from the American South. Thus, there was great anxiety among British businessmen when the union

02:14:12.920 naval blockade cut off Southern exports. Britain would soon be on its knees praying for cotton,

02:14:20.360 or so the South hoped.

02:14:26.440 Cotton was imprisoned and its jailer was the North. The South hoped that Europe would insist that it be

02:14:33.400 set free from the oppression of the union with its blockading fleet. Meanwhile, Southern patriots

02:14:40.760 sometimes burned their precious cotton rather than let Northern soldiers capture it.

02:14:48.040 For Britain, it meant unemployment with little cotton for the mills. Yet the hungry workers still

02:14:55.400 supported the North.

02:14:59.720 But for John Bull, it was cotton not freeing the slaves that really mattered. That was the way

02:15:06.680 the cynics saw it. Where money was concerned, businessman bulls ideals went out the door.

02:15:22.520 Yeah. So I tend to think that a lot of the time, the cynical view of, you know, political motivations

02:15:31.080 is probably the more accurate one. If you think that Britain in this time period valued the freedom

02:15:40.440 of Negroes in the American South more than they did, you know, just the ongoing

02:15:48.760 security and prosperity of their empire, you're out of your mind.

02:15:52.280 There was no way that the British were going to come in on the side of the union to help them fight,

02:16:00.680 you know, the South because slavery.

02:16:04.680 So I think that's probably like that clip kind of demonstrates what their real motivations were.

02:16:09.560 However, there is, there is, you know, again, even politicians in this time period, they have to answer

02:16:16.120 to public opinion. And in Britain, the public opinion was very opposed to slavery. And so,

02:16:21.960 you know, openly supporting the Confederacy openly, you know, working with them in opposition to the

02:16:28.360 union would have not gone over well. So like even there, which is why, you know, we're coming to the

02:16:35.000 last clip here, you know, the Emancipation Proclamation was kind of the nail in the coffin of British support

02:16:40.600 for the Confederacy, because it was the it was a classic propaganda, you know, checkmate. And that

02:16:49.000 that I believe that is the motivation behind the Emancipation Proclamation. It was a way of just

02:16:55.880 making sure that all of these European powers that were trying to remain, you know, friendly,

02:17:01.720 and even thinking about recognizing Confederate, you know, diplomatic rights and sovereignty,

02:17:07.080 um, pulled away. Uh, so it was a very clever political move, uh, by Lincoln or, you know,

02:17:15.320 his cabinet. Um, I'm not necessarily sure who, who would have came up with this idea. I know he,

02:17:21.160 like a lot of his advisors were pushing him to be, uh, uh, or at least, sorry, it's not a lot.

02:17:27.160 Some of his advisors were pushing him to make the slave question, you know, the, the predominant one,

02:17:32.280 but, um, yeah. The newsboys of London were soon shouting it in the streets. The South had been

02:17:40.360 stopped at Antietam. The Union army had held its ground and had driven back General Robert E. Lee

02:17:47.160 in one of the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare.

02:17:49.960 Lincoln had risen like the phoenix against all predictions from his military ashes. And now he

02:18:04.120 could turn to the problem he seemed to have forgotten, the slave. This could be his trump card

02:18:10.680 in his deadly game against the formidable Jefferson Davis, or so some British observers saw it. For now,

02:18:18.360 Davis had to face a brilliant ideological move, the Emancipation Proclamation. Now slaves in rebel areas

02:18:26.440 were free as far as the Union was concerned, much to the dismay of the South.

02:18:35.640 Angry Southerners said it was just a desperate propaganda move, but the North's now formal role

02:18:42.200 as champion as champion of the oppressed was one that British leaders could not ignore.

02:18:48.440 Popular response to the Emancipation Proclamation was so strong in England that the mediation proposal

02:18:54.760 of Palmerston and Russell was never brought before the cabinet. And when the French persisted in

02:19:01.320 advocating a mediation plan, the British remained aloof.

02:19:11.720 So, I mean, I think that summarizes it pretty well. One thing, though, that is important to note,

02:19:18.920 as well as this. So, this was kind of a one-two punch. A lot of people, I'm not sure. The claims are

02:19:27.160 that Lincoln was sitting on the Emancipation Proclamation for some time, and that he intended

02:19:32.440 to go through with it for, you know, possibly a couple of years at this point. But he was waiting for

02:19:39.160 the political capital to make that move, and he needed a strong, solid victory in the war in order

02:19:48.200 to do that. And so, that's where you get this one-two punch. So, obviously, the Battle of Antietam.

02:19:55.160 One thing I found interesting is that in this documentary, or in the episode, they refer to

02:20:01.000 it as the Battle of Antietam, which is the Southern name, I think. So, the Battle of Gettysburg is what the

02:20:06.920 North calls it, and the Battle of Antietam is what the South called it. So, I thought it was

02:20:11.480 interesting that in 1967 in Canada, you know, they're calling it the Battle of Antietam,

02:20:18.280 when you would think they would call it Gettysburg. Anyways, that's a side note.

02:20:21.320 But yeah, Gettysburg, one of the bloodiest battle in American history, obviously. I'm pretty sure it

02:20:29.480 still is. 50,000 casualties. Horrible, right? That's roughly, I think that's, isn't that close

02:20:40.440 to a tenth of all casualties in the American Civil War in one battle? Horrible.

02:20:52.120 Oh, Crisby says, no, Antietam and Gettysburg are separate battles. Well, what was Gettysburg called

02:20:56.520 by the South? Am I mixing that up? Maybe I'm thinking of something different.

02:21:05.640 It's been a while since I did the dive on...

02:21:11.560 Oh, Gettysburg was the largest, Antietam was the deadliest. Okay.

02:21:18.440 Well, good thing we have some Americans who know they're civil. This is what I mean,

02:21:21.960 like I'm not really super qualified to talk on this. But regardless, Lincoln gets the political

02:21:32.280 capital he needs from those victories. Ends up, you know, giving the Gettysburg Address and the

02:21:40.680 Emancipation Proclamation and, you know, the rest is history.

02:21:44.920 Yeah, so that was all the clips I had for it. Like I said, it's not really like there's not

02:21:52.840 a lot to dive into there in terms of Canadian history. It's really more about the relations

02:21:57.000 between Britain and the United States and just, you know, the United States experience with the

02:22:02.040 Civil War in general. And obviously everything in America has an impact on Canada. But as we saw in

02:22:06.920 that episode, it was really kind of minor things and just, you know, the threat of what could happen.

02:22:11.480 One thing I did want to note, and I wish I would have clipped it, some of you probably will recall

02:22:16.440 this from the episode, is at one point, they mentioned that, you know, when the threat,

02:22:22.280 when war breaks out, Britain immediately sends aid to Canada. And this is important. You know,

02:22:32.520 Canada did not have a large military presence in any of the colonies that now make up, you know,

02:22:39.160 the Canadian provinces did not have a large military presence. And when there was the threat

02:22:46.120 that, you know, America could possibly invade, Britain immediately sends, I think it was 14,000

02:22:52.520 regulars to defend the colonies, you know, and starts preparing to send more and to engage in,

02:23:00.280 you know, complete imperial warfare in Canada's defense. And the reason that this is important

02:23:06.200 is because that bond remained, okay, this is where you get these, like, I mean, it doesn't just

02:23:12.520 happen in this one instance, obviously, but this is a pattern you'll see repeat. And it comes back

02:23:19.080 back in World War One and the Boer War. That's where you see, that's where you get this loyalty, this

02:23:27.720 emotional attachment to, you know, defending Britain and, you know, her interests. Because Britain did it

02:23:36.680 for us multiple times, right? As we've seen, whether it was the American Revolution, or the War of 1812,

02:23:45.160 or the threats of American annexationism, you know, even the rebellions in the to the extent that they

02:23:51.560 involved, you know, American influence, Britain was there to defend, you know, our interests.

02:24:00.200 So that's where you get this relationship. And, you know, people, whether you like it or not,

02:24:06.680 like, it exists, and it's existed for a long time. So, yeah.

02:24:19.960 Okay.

02:24:25.560 So, I marked a couple comments here. Lone Star Texas said slavery was on its way out. Obviously,

02:24:31.560 this is in reference to around the lead up to the war. Slavery was becoming more obsolete.

02:24:38.360 And there was already questions within the South of like, what are we going to do whenever we don't

02:24:42.040 need at least as many slaves anymore? Because technology was advancing so fast that they didn't

02:24:47.960 really need them that much. So yeah, there was already issues with that. And that's why it was

02:24:55.800 part of the reason it was being phased out globally, too, is because it wasn't a necessity.

02:25:00.600 You didn't need large, you know, swaths of slave labor to build the kinds of

02:25:07.000 major infrastructure projects and to carry out like intense agriculture and stuff like you used

02:25:12.360 to because there was so much advancement in technology. So yeah, slavery generally was on

02:25:16.760 its way out. Ironically, largely because of British innovation and American innovation, too, to be fair.

02:25:26.120 Ned Toons said no one ever mentions the Scots slaves in the States that had to work off their

02:25:32.520 prison sentences. Yeah, it's look indentured servitude, penal colony stuff. Yeah, it's it wasn't pretty for

02:25:39.240 a lot of people from the British Empire. For sure. And I honestly, I think it does get mentioned quite a bit.

02:25:47.320 I always like, you know, the great example in Canada is the Rideau Canal. It's like Irish indentured

02:25:52.680 servants, or even if they weren't technically indentured servants, that's what they were.

02:25:56.920 They were official, unofficial slave labor, basically, you know, slave labor with extra steps.

02:26:03.720 Um, and another thing too, again, I wish I would have clipped this. I don't I don't know why I let

02:26:11.160 it slip. But Celso said I didn't know that can't Canadian mercenaries in US Civil War shit. Um,

02:26:18.360 I don't know if you could call them mercenaries. Um, I suppose that would be the more cynical way to

02:26:24.920 look at it. Uh, they joined the Union Army. Uh, they were they were regulars of enlisted in the Union

02:26:32.360 Army. Uh, I'm not sure about the legality of that. Like when that came, I didn't know that either,

02:26:38.360 by the way, I thought that was fascinating. I had no idea that 50,000 Canadians, which is

02:26:43.320 a lot, by the way, at this time period in Canada, that's a lot of, uh, of volunteers to go fight in a,

02:26:51.160 in a foreign war for the cause of slavery. So you can see that even in this time period,

02:26:55.720 people felt pretty strongly about it. I'm sure there was some people who didn't give a shit about

02:26:59.720 slavery who, uh, enlisted or were willing to take on these, uh, what do they call them?

02:27:08.120 Bounties. I think is what they called them, which is basically if you were rich,

02:27:14.200 you could just pay somebody else to serve for you if you were conscripted. Um,

02:27:21.160 yeah, Celso said they were paid to fight for their American patrons. I mean, but they were paid the same

02:27:25.720 as it's not like they were getting, uh, they, they were in the union army. They were getting paid

02:27:31.240 when every soldier was getting paid. Right. I suppose they were getting paid extra because

02:27:35.880 they were getting the bounty, but yeah. Yeah. I guess suppose you're right. Yeah.

02:27:48.120 Um,

02:27:48.360 that old man raster. This is kind of a different point, but a lot of Canadians joined the U S army

02:27:55.720 to fight in Vietnam too. This is true. I think that was also like, like you want to talk about numbers.

02:28:00.520 This is why when I heard that 50,000, I was like, that's crazy because I'm pretty sure

02:28:10.120 that's more than went to Vietnam, right?

02:28:11.960 Uh, 20 to 40,000 Canadians volunteered to fight in the U S forces in Vietnam.

02:28:25.480 So more Canadians volunteered or, you know, took payment to fight in the American civil war

02:28:32.120 at a time period when the population must've been like a 10th of what it was, uh, during the Vietnam war

02:28:37.400 then, then volunteer to fight in Vietnam, which is, I think that's interesting. And I, I, yeah,

02:28:45.480 again, I had never heard that ever. So, um, I, I should look more into that. Um,

02:28:52.600 yeah, there's part of me, part of me wonders as well, uh, because this time period, there was a huge

02:28:58.840 spike of Irish, um, into, uh, North America. And so I suspect that a huge chunk of that 50,000

02:29:06.920 was probably Irish. Um, if, if you're, if you like, this is kind of a side note, but, um,

02:29:17.320 sorry, one sec, I got a spammer in the, sorry. Um,

02:29:25.320 Irish made up huge portions of particularly the union, but also the Confederate forces. Um,

02:29:31.800 um, it was, it was, it was basically there were a lot of them were taken off the boat and thrown

02:29:37.800 into a blue or gray uniform. Uh, so there's, there's some interesting stories you can, uh,

02:29:48.280 there's a bunch of Irish folk songs that are written from the perspective of soldiers

02:29:54.440 in the union forces and the Confederate forces. I think Derek Kincaid has an entire album. That's

02:30:01.240 just like Irish union songs. And then I think Derek Warfield, who's another Irish folk singer

02:30:09.160 has an entire album. That's just Confederate Irish folk songs. So they were on, and the,

02:30:15.720 the irony is that the songs, a lot of the time are actually the same, but with different lyrics.

02:30:20.040 So it's the same tune, but, uh, with different lyrics, either pro Confederate or pro union. Um,

02:30:27.000 so I, the reason I bring that up is because I suspect that a good chunk of those were ones that

02:30:31.400 were, you know, going to seek employment in, uh, the United States with other Irishmen. Uh,

02:30:39.000 and this is, you know, we'll get into this in the next episode, but this is where you get the rise of

02:30:43.480 the Fenian brotherhood, which becomes the biggest threat, um, in terms of American expansionism

02:30:49.880 or American, you know, uh, hostility in the post civil war era. So there's a few raids and stuff

02:30:58.680 like that, but, uh, it comes up more in the next episode. Um, Chucky's extreme circus gifted one

02:31:05.960 subscription and then Chucky's extremist circus gifted another five subscriptions. Thanks a lot for

02:31:11.080 that, man. I really appreciate that. All right. Um, that was basically it that I had for this

02:31:26.600 episode. Uh, I hope that was enjoyable. Um, I don't really know if there's much more to get into,

02:31:32.520 honestly. Uh, I think, uh, I suck at, sorry. I suck at life, uh, says fairy. What was Carlin's

02:31:47.080 first name that made the human resource video and what platform is it on? Uh, so it's Dan Carlin,

02:31:54.280 hardcore history. And, uh, I, some nationalist types and more right-wing people shit on Carlin because

02:32:03.960 they think he's too lib coded. I get what they're saying, but, uh, I think just the, um, there's a,

02:32:12.480 there's a stupid thing that people do. Sorry. This is a tangent. There's a really dumb thing that a lot

02:32:17.860 of people on our side have a tendency of doing, which is unless the information being presented

02:32:24.540 to them is entirely packaged within their biases, they think it's shit, um, and, and pointless or,

02:32:33.380 or, you know, just not well-produced. This is a really stupid way to approach learning history or

02:32:41.400 any, basically you're, you're throwing it. Like if you can't discern between what is bias and what is

02:32:47.800 spin and what is just good, useful information and interesting facts and stuff like that,

02:32:53.760 then you're just not very smart. So, um, I've had a lot of people push back at me for saying

02:32:59.840 Dan Carlin, the hardcore history streams are great. Uh, cause he's not based enough, but the amount of

02:33:07.480 raw material in those is unbelievable. The primary, like focus on the primary sources, uh, focus on the

02:33:14.840 accounts of, you know, historians from the time period, like learn the information that you need

02:33:22.100 to learn and just weed out the bias where you, where, you know, it exists. It's not that complicated.

02:33:27.760 Um, it's called critical thinking. Uh,

02:33:41.560 sorry. Yeah. So, sorry to answer, uh, your question there. Now I've gone off on that tangent. Uh,

02:33:55.500 it's Dan Carlin, hardcore history. Um, it's difficult to find some of his older streams for

02:34:03.420 free. It might be on YouTube. Uh, you might be able to find it on some kind of like audio book or

02:34:09.980 like SoundCloud stuff like that. Sometimes they're available for free, but pretty much if you go to

02:34:16.080 his website, I'm not sure if it's Dan, like what the actual website is, but if you search Dan Carlin,

02:34:20.700 hardcore history will come up, um, every single one of his episodes, you can buy for a dollar.

02:34:25.960 So, and they're, they're worth it. They're like four to eight hours long. Most of the time. And

02:34:30.880 all he wants is a dollar. So, um, I, I used to buy them because they're just great.

02:34:50.700 Um, all right. Sorry. Just checking entropy there. Yeah. Entropy is dead now. Nobody watches over

02:35:07.660 there really. Um, I'll keep using it just because people seem to, some people prefer to donate there,

02:35:15.540 but, um, yeah, nobody really watches there anymore. The chat's dead.

02:35:27.940 Old man Rastro says, I listened to ghosts of the Ostfront four times for just a dollar.

02:35:32.280 It's, that's a great series too. And again, one that a lot of guys, particularly, you know,

02:35:38.020 who are, uh, you know, fond of a, a 1930s German movement really don't like that one because

02:35:47.340 it doesn't blow smoke up their ass, but that's not the point. Like you can sort out between,

02:35:55.080 you know, okay. I, I, yes, I get the American liberal bias in this, but who cares? The information

02:36:01.900 in that series is amazing. Uh, Rance says, can you cover the FLQ time period? Uh, well, we don't

02:36:12.440 really get into that in this series, but what the, you, you do the FLQ man. Like you're, you're the,

02:36:18.320 you're like the person who knows the most about the FLQ that I know. So I think you should do an

02:36:24.540 FLQ history stream. You know way more about it than I do.

02:36:27.220 Okay. Well, if there's nothing else, I'll, uh, end it here and let you guys go about your night.

02:36:50.900 I mean, I think, uh, Blackpilled is on in a couple hours, but chat's pretty slow and, um,

02:37:01.140 man on the mouse as I just got on. Well, the show's basically over. Um,

02:37:24.140 um, no, you can watch the replay. Uh, big at Bullock says, thanks. Thanks a lot, man. Appreciate

02:37:46.480 that. Um, you guys are, uh, it's, you know, less people watch these, uh, this series than they,

02:37:56.660 I don't, I, again, I don't really get it. Um, if I just sit down and talk about nothing in

02:38:02.800 particular, like almost double the audience for whatever reason, um, you try to be focused on

02:38:09.580 like a specific topic, then I don't know, I guess it's a tension span thing or something like that.

02:38:14.240 But, uh, but yeah, the, the people who are watching really seem to be enjoying it. So I'll keep doing

02:38:23.280 them. Uh, sorry. Uh, Canadian fire says the ferryman's toll should be twice a week. Thanks.

02:38:40.440 Alex. You mean like the daily toll you the one where I just sit there and talk about nothing.

02:38:47.320 I mean, we always end up talking about something, but usually it's nothing in particular and there's

02:38:51.160 no real, like, I don't actually prepare anything for it. Um, sorry.

02:39:06.760 Uh, ran says your American and Aussie fan base probably don't tune in for the, actually the

02:39:19.720 Americans, a lot of the Americans do actually. Yeah. They're in, they seem to be one of the,

02:39:26.280 not that, uh, like, I don't know what percentage of my, my typical audience is American, but it's

02:39:30.760 probably like somewhere in five to 10%. Um, and there always seems to be quite a few in here and

02:39:36.680 a lot of them are the regulars. So I don't, I don't know, um, if that's necessarily true because

02:39:41.720 this is their history too. It's kind of like their history from the perspective of Canada. So, you know,

02:39:46.440 uh, but yeah, I think I'm going to do the next episode on Tuesday. Um, just I'd like to wrap up

02:39:59.080 this series by the end of, uh, the year there's three episodes left. I think we can probably do

02:40:06.040 that, but I'll need to do this, uh, more than the daily tolls. Uh, I also, uh, I don't know if it's

02:40:15.160 almost confirmed, but we've got big interviews coming up. Um, I don't even know if interview is

02:40:20.760 the right word, but I'm going to have some, some guests, uh, towards the end of the year and

02:40:25.800 they're going to be, you know, ones you won't miss. I'm sure.

02:40:45.160 David Smith is pretty sure Australia will take Canada after the U S falls.

02:41:03.800 Um, I I'll, I, you know, as much as I don't want to be absorbed into the, uh, American sphere of

02:41:10.840 influence, I could do Australian Reich. What about you? You make that deal. I'd make that deal.

02:41:19.080 Damn. Good deal.

02:41:29.480 Uh, Canadian viruses. I've been emailing Tucker Carlson to interview Jeremy. I don't think

02:41:33.240 that's ever going to happen. Um, uh, Brian's I missed your super. Okay. Sorry, man.

02:41:40.840 Uh, Oh yeah. Sorry. That was way earlier. And I, uh, I totally spaced on it. Uh, Brian says,

02:41:48.840 I wonder how it would have gone if Canada had allied with the Confederate States,

02:41:52.760 attacked the union on two fronts. We'd have taken more land in the South. We're basically

02:41:57.160 fighting for States rights. Um, there is an argument that, uh, all alternate history in this time period is

02:42:10.600 difficult. Um, I don't think it would have gone like that. I think if Britain had entered into the

02:42:20.040 war on the side of the Confederacy, it would have motivated other European powers to, you know,

02:42:28.200 in an attempt to stop Britain from seizing control, because that would have been their fear is that,

02:42:33.320 you know, Britain was entering the war so that they could seize control. Um, you know,

02:42:38.360 reassert control over all of North America, uh, you know, resulting in them conquering,

02:42:44.840 you know, the union or something like that. Um, and, you know, basically joining it back with British

02:42:50.840 North America and having the, the South, uh, a friendly state to itself. Right. Uh, I think that's

02:42:58.680 how a lot of other European powers would have perceived it. And I think it would have immediately,

02:43:03.320 uh, you know, encourage them to start attacking Britain in other locations. So I don't, I don't

02:43:12.280 think, uh, the, uh, the, the German state that was kind of beginning to formulate at this time. I mean,

02:43:20.360 that Prussia would not have liked that. Uh, I don't think France would have liked it. I don't think,

02:43:26.280 uh, Spain would have appreciated it. Um, Russia probably also would have been opposed to it. So

02:43:37.000 like you, you would, as some kind of coalition would have formed to kind of hold Britain in check

02:43:44.440 and not let it get involved. And if they did, it could have resulted in like a world war breaking out

02:43:50.440 much sooner. So, um, I don't know all, you know, alternate history is difficult. It's just,

02:43:58.040 you know, endless paths that you can go down, but, uh, yeah, I don't, I don't know.

02:44:20.440 Okay.

02:44:32.920 So, yeah, I don't know, Brian, I hope that answers your question. I don't know if that's

02:44:35.720 a satisfactory answer, but I don't know. It's the best one I got. Okay. I'm going to leave it there

02:44:41.880 for tonight. Thanks everybody for the support. Again, you guys are absolute beauties and, uh,

02:44:48.680 we'll see you, uh, tomorrow night for Platt army. Sorry. One question there at the end,

02:44:53.640 uh, from Canadian fire, are the second son supporters flags, uh, for sale yet?

02:44:59.080 Not they're not for sale through any online, uh, distribution method at this point. And I think

02:45:05.320 I'm not, I'm not directly involved with setting that up, so I'm not sure where they're at with it.

02:45:09.560 I know they're looking at how they're going to go about doing this. Um,

02:45:12.760 um, some of the guys I think have them for sale at like the regional level. So if you have contact

02:45:21.960 with somebody who is involved with the club, um, you might be able to get one, uh, if they have extras

02:45:28.040 for sale. Um, but that should be coming end of the year, early new year. We'll have it set up. So,

02:45:36.040 yeah, just, you know, sit tight. All right. Uh, good night everybody. And, uh, we'll see you tomorrow night.

02:45:46.360 And I'll, I'll play out on the intro. Fuck it. It's a great intro.

02:46:06.040 Okay.

02:46:36.040 Thank you.

02:47:06.040 Thank you.

The Ferryman's Toll - December 14, 2025

The Nationalist Film Board - Creation of Canada - Part 6

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