The Ferryman's Toll - The Nationalist Film Board - Creation of Canada - Part 9

00:00:00.000 Apost연 Libertas

00:00:30.000 We'll be right back.

00:01:00.000 We'll be right back.

00:01:30.000 We'll be right back.

00:02:00.000 We'll be right back.

00:02:30.000 We'll be right back.

00:02:59.980 We'll be right back.

00:03:29.980 We'll be right back.

00:03:59.980 We'll be right back.

00:04:29.960 We'll be right back.

00:04:59.960 We'll be right back.

00:05:29.940 We'll be right back.

00:05:59.940 We'll be right back.

00:06:30.500 American goodwill could do the same.

00:06:34.120 Certainly, goodwill was now in fashion.

00:06:37.140 After all these years, my dear, Grant re-elected.

00:06:47.140 Well, Miss Canada, he's not such a bad chap, despite the cigars, there was a reminder of basic Canadian-American interdependence when President Grant journeyed in 1871 to meet the Canadian Governor-General and open a railroad which linked Halifax and St. John to Montreal via Portland, Maine.

00:07:12.140 Late in 1871, a terrible American disaster occurred, the Chicago Fire.

00:07:42.120 The New Utah, who went in the U. and he was in the New Yorker.

00:08:12.100 were hardly cheered by Anglo-American reconciliation,

00:08:15.100 which left them wondering whether the troubled waters

00:08:18.100 of Irish politics were still worth fishing in.

00:08:26.100 In October 1871, in Manitoba,

00:08:29.100 Canadian forces were called out for the last time

00:08:32.100 to guard against rumored Fenian attack.

00:08:37.100 A Hudson's Bay post on the border

00:08:39.100 did have some strange visitors.

00:08:42.100 This time, the American authorities got there first.

00:09:07.100 Young Manitoba survived.

00:09:12.100 It was in Manitoba, too,

00:09:15.100 that the signing of treaties with the Crees and Chippewas

00:09:18.100 in late 1871 pointed up the contrast

00:09:21.100 between Canadian and American relations with the Indians.

00:09:24.100 South of the border, bloodshed accompanied the swiftly advancing American frontier.

00:09:43.100 And sometimes the aftermath seemed merely another kind of death.

00:09:47.100 By contrast, north of the border,

00:09:57.100 paternal but friendly relations generally prevailed.

00:10:00.100 Gifts and annuities sought to carry on the tradition of the Hudson's Bay Company,

00:10:04.100 which had valued the Indian way of life.

00:10:06.100 After lengthy debate, the Indian chiefs agreed to give up general title to the land,

00:10:21.100 in return for specific reserved areas.

00:10:23.100 The Indians of the prairies had little enough reason to like any authority which replaced that of the Hudson's Bay Company.

00:10:32.100 Unlike the company, any such authority was bound to be chiefly concerned with settlement.

00:10:38.100 Nonetheless, government paternalism, which at least seemed intent on maintaining some place for the Indian way of life,

00:10:47.100 was preferable to hopeless conflict with oncoming settlement.

00:10:51.100 So the peopling of the Canadian West could now proceed peacefully.

00:10:56.100 Canadians can take pride in the relative absence in their West of the bloodshed that marred the American frontier.

00:11:05.100 But in making comparisons, they should remember the very different pace of development in the two Wests.

00:11:11.100 There were American treaties, too, with good intentions.

00:11:15.100 But the sheer speed of the American advance often frustrated the best-made treaties.

00:11:20.100 Anglo-American reconciliation, Fenian decline, the securing of the West, all these events did reduce certain Canadian-American irritations.

00:11:33.100 But what about that bogey annexationism, the desire to join the United States?

00:11:39.100 The ambiguity and the feelings of many Canadians towards the American eagle had been cleared up a bit by recent American attitudes.

00:11:52.100 Since the Civil War, Uncle Sam, many Canadians felt, had been riding a high horse indeed.

00:11:59.100 His arrogance showed clearly in the inflation of war damage claims against Britain. 0.93

00:12:05.100 Sam was a slick one, they felt, out to get the suckers.

00:12:21.100 In fighting annexationism, MacDonald had an ally in French nationalism, which saw it as a deadly trap.

00:12:27.100 The cutting of Catholic ties with Rome, advocated by much American opinion, was anathema to the French-Canadian clergy.

00:12:38.100 Pastoral letters were read in Quebec churches, warning against the annexationist movement, which would lead to the certain destruction of French nationality.

00:12:49.100 In the maritime provinces of the Dominion, there had been a change in the outlook of politicians.

00:12:58.100 Commissioners were now being appointed to press claims on the new Canada.

00:13:02.100 For Confederation was clearly here to stay, and Ottawa, not London or Washington, was the place to negotiate with.

00:13:11.100 Better terms was the slogan, and federal leaders were left in little doubt that the cure for lurking annexationism was money.

00:13:23.100 Halifax, the great Nova Scotia's seaport and commercial centre, already had rail connection with Montreal.

00:13:32.100 But it was via the European and North American Railroad, which ran through St. John, New Brunswick, and continued on American soil through Maine.

00:13:40.100 An all-Canadian route was urgent.

00:13:50.100 Completion of a railroad between Halifax and Quebec had been promised with Confederation, and now it was pushed ahead.

00:13:58.100 Political unity, not profit, was clearly the motive, for it took a roundabout route as far from the United States as possible.

00:14:05.100 Maritime fishermen had not relished the sight of the American Secretary of State proudly displaying his prize catch at the Treaty of Washington, their fish.

00:14:20.100 On the fishery's seesaw, they felt on the wrong end of the deal, even though an effort had been made to balance things up with free entry of Canadian fish into the United States.

00:14:32.100 But Uncle Sam, too, felt he was being robbed, when arbitrators at Geneva finally awarded Canada five and a half million dollars in compensation for her fisheries.

00:14:47.100 The balancing act between the two nations' fisheries wasn't easy.

00:14:52.100 Meanwhile, both sides fished.

00:14:54.100 The history of Canada's relations with the United States falls into three periods, a period of war, a period of near war and fear of war, and a period of peaceful relations.

00:15:09.100 Just as the year 1818 was the dividing line between the periods of war and Cold War, so the year 1871 marked the watershed between Cold War and normal relations.

00:15:23.100 It was the year of Anglo-American reconciliation, of Fenian decline, and the year when Canada reached the Pacific.

00:15:30.100 It was also the year when annexationism faded.

00:15:34.100 American high-handedness had helped this decline.

00:15:38.100 When Americans were bellicose over the Alabama damage claims against Britain and silent about Canada's Fenian damage claims against the United States, even pro-Americans were angry.

00:15:48.100 But the main reason for annexationism's decline was the easing of the commercial depression, which had followed the loss of reciprocity.

00:15:57.100 An American historian has said that the annexationist movement in Canada was a response not to the Liberty Bell, but to the cash register.

00:16:06.100 It wilted, therefore, in the warm rays of reviving prosperity.

00:16:10.100 A lessening of regional grievances also helped.

00:16:12.100 British Columbia and the Maritimes now had solid prospects for railways, and the free entry of Canadian fish into the United States did help Nova Scotia.

00:16:24.100 It was just as well that annexationism was an eclipse.

00:16:28.100 It had tended to foster illusions among American expansionists who were apt to mistake it for a grassroots rather than a businessman's movement.

00:16:37.100 If any such movement ever did encourage American interference, Canada would now face it alone.

00:16:45.100 Canada and Britain had long differed on the size of their respective roles in the defense of Canada.

00:16:51.100 Canada had felt that hostility toward her in the United States arose largely from British policies, 0.74

00:16:58.100 and that her defense was, therefore, largely a British responsibility.

00:17:01.100 But now, Anglo-American reconciliation had opened a new era.

00:17:12.100 Prospects for the future on this first new year after the Treaty of Washington did seem to Britain more pleasing.

00:17:19.100 But from Canada's vantage point, the view was rather different.

00:17:27.100 John Bull could now worry about Europe and India, and leave the worrying in North America to little Johnny Canuck.

00:17:34.100 Through the streets of Quebec, the remnants of the Imperial military presence had been rumbling to the salvage dumps for disposal.

00:17:45.100 The debris was considerable, for there had been thousands of British regulars in Canada.

00:17:51.100 Now that the prospects for peace were better, Canada was not particularly keen to spend much on defense.

00:18:05.100 So Canada's armed forces remained on a modest scale, and depended heavily on volunteer and militia organizations.

00:18:12.100 There were very few regular troops at first, chiefly two artillery regiments.

00:18:23.100 The guardians of the border were far fewer in number now.

00:18:27.100 And the modernization of defense works like the American Fort Montgomery on Lake Champlain,

00:18:32.100 and new Canadian forts near Quebec, was stopped.

00:18:34.100 After 1871, the forts rapidly became obsolete.

00:18:41.100 An agreeable somnolence now hung over them, as they sank to the status of historical monuments.

00:18:52.100 But at Halifax in Nova Scotia, and Esquimalt in British Columbia, Britain did retain naval bases,

00:18:58.100 which aided the operations of the world's largest navy.

00:19:07.100 Canadians knew that this mighty power off their coasts discouraged any nation from trifling with a British ally.

00:19:13.100 A confident Miss Canada, clad in all the trappings of national independence, was in vogue in 1872. 0.90

00:19:34.100 But skeptics had a perhaps more accurate picture.

00:19:40.100 The youngster's first independent steps could easily lead him into the waiting arms of an interested uncle.

00:19:47.100 Loyalists felt that the troublesome colonial children still needed a political guardian, 0.95

00:19:55.100 and that Mother Britannia should be less absorbed in her military affairs, and more devoted to her charges. 0.99

00:20:01.100 The ladder of colonial development, they complained, which John Bull had climbed to imperial greatness,

00:20:09.100 was now being thrust aside by anti-imperialists like Gladstone.

00:20:16.100 Liberal England was chiefly interested in wooing America, and knew that the anti-imperial tune pleased her.

00:20:23.100 The imperialists of Canada felt that the notion of independence was premature, and that cutting all ties with Britain was dangerous.

00:20:35.100 Independence was a perilous venture, and Canada would drift into the Union unless imperialists stopped it.

00:20:41.100 So when Lord Dufferin, the new Governor General arrived in 1872, many Canadians saw him as the symbol of a still vital connection.

00:20:53.100 It was the security derived from being part of a mighty empire that made many Canadians so eager to keep the old flag flying.

00:21:03.100 Shall we break the plight of youth, and pledge us to an alien love?

00:21:15.100 No, we'll hold our faith and truths, trusting in the God above.

00:21:21.100 Stand, Canadians, for me stand, round the flag of Fatherland.

00:21:37.100 That song, incidentally, was called Empire First, a Canadian marching song.

00:21:47.100 The title was pretty revealing.

00:21:50.100 The fervid imperial sentiment which English Canadians continued to display after ceasing to be a colony may seem puzzling.

00:21:58.100 MacDonald himself, looking ahead in 1872, foresaw Canada as the right arm of Britain and a powerful auxiliary for the empire.

00:22:10.100 Yet the same MacDonald thought the notion that Canadians should take orders from Englishmen simply ridiculous.

00:22:18.100 But at the same time, he called the idea that Canadians were ready for independence simply nonsense.

00:22:24.100 The contradiction is less baffling if we remember how conscious, responsible Canadians were of their weakness and isolation in North America. 0.93

00:22:37.100 The United States was very powerful, and Canadians were uneasy.

00:22:42.100 The desire to stop being a scapegoat for British sins against the US was reason enough to accept Britain's withdrawal from North America.

00:22:50.100 But the danger of American hostility to Canada on her own account was reason enough not to cut all ties.

00:22:59.100 So Canada sought autonomy, not independence, within the larger framework of the British Empire.

00:23:08.100 But there was a movement for full independence in Canada at this time, and its connection with annexationism was revealing.

00:23:17.100 Professed annexationists had become distinctly less popular in Canada by 1872, so many of them joined the independence movement.

00:23:27.100 They weren't necessarily being deceitful.

00:23:31.100 They honestly did not believe that Canada could make it on its own, and that independence would simply be a first step toward union with the United States.

00:23:41.100 So, with well-known annexationists praising independence and an American consul general sitting on the movement's inner council, the pro-British press denounced the whole idea as traitorous.

00:23:56.100 The fact that advocates of annexationism and the advocates of independence could get mixed up so easily was ominous.

00:24:07.100 It clearly revealed a considerable uncertainty about the whole idea of Canada.

00:24:12.100 In the United States itself, the widespread belief that most Canadians were secret annexationists waiting for American action had receded, and many influential Americans also felt that Canada's problems guaranteed her entry into the Union anyway.

00:24:31.100 Still, some were not above trying to help the process along.

00:24:36.100 The Canadian youngster was still very much an object of interest to American expansionists, including Ulysses Grant.

00:24:49.100 As a general, Grant had preferred the straightforward approach, but as president, his tactics for winning Canada had to be more roundabout.

00:24:58.100 The key was reciprocity, and Uncle Sam was well aware that there was nothing the young nation wanted so badly.

00:25:10.100 Well, little chap, if we don't give it to you, maybe you will be smart enough to know where you can find it, in your Uncle Sam's arms.

00:25:23.100 A depressed Canada, said annexationists, would soon be forced by unemployment and misery to seek a better life by joining the Union.

00:25:36.100 But hardship in Canada tended to have a different result.

00:25:41.100 The teeming cities of the Union, already now a nation of 40 million strong, offered those willing to take a risk almost unlimited opportunities.

00:25:54.100 And the immigration policies of the United States now made entry easier than ever.

00:26:01.100 Canada might not join the Union, but an alarming number of Canadians did.

00:26:07.100 From Chicago, the great Midwestern commercial hub, an ever-increasing torrent of wheat and other produce flowed eastward.

00:26:18.100 The great Erie-Hudson water route was now reinforced by a complex and efficient network of fiercely competing railroads.

00:26:39.100 This formidable transportation system was centered on New York, and helped funnel a preponderance of the Western trade through its magnificent port, which was always ice-free.

00:26:56.100 Ice-clogged and dangerous by contrast, the St. Lawrence was unusable several months of the year, a crippling disadvantage for Montreal, New York's rival.

00:27:07.100 In fact, any kind of movement at all during the winter months was quite an achievement for Canadians.

00:27:13.100 Sometimes it was wiser just to stay home, a place which those who came to Canada saw a lot of during the long, cold winter months.

00:27:23.100 Meanwhile, the American railroads were moving settlers across the upper Mississippi into the American prairies.

00:27:33.100 The northern Pacific, undaunted by severe winter problems, pushed on to the west, not very far from the Canadian border.

00:27:43.100 Soon, the rich American lands adjacent to Canada would be teeming with settlers.

00:27:53.100 Canada's railroad builders faced far greater difficulties.

00:28:08.100 Getting there wasn't always half the fun for Canadians.

00:28:15.100 Over a thousand miles of rock and forest blocked access to the Canadian west.

00:28:30.100 A thousand miles of prairie had to be crossed.

00:28:35.100 A thousand miles of prairie had to be crossed.

00:28:38.100 And then came the greatest obstacle of all.

00:28:41.100 700 miles of towering mountains challenged McDonald's brash promise of a railroad to the Pacific coast.

00:28:54.100 In the United States, a strong nationalism, a sense of national purpose was now dominant.

00:29:13.100 The spokesman of national unity loved to dwell on the peace and harmony now prevailing.

00:29:23.100 In contrast to the terrible strife of the war between the states.

00:29:34.100 As America approached her second century, let the world note that the Union was again one and indivisible.

00:29:42.100 The nation was supremely confident that it had confirmed the great heritage of the revolution and the national vision of the founding fathers.

00:29:55.100 So when the new dominion appeared, it was not surprising that Columbia, so sure of herself, regarded the Canadian debutant with a certain disbelief.

00:30:10.100 The clever portrayers of national character, who had done so well with Uncle Sam, had trouble comprehending the new nation.

00:30:22.100 Their difficulty was understandable, for Canada was two nations in one, and one of them was French in character.

00:30:33.100 Though somewhat outside the mainstream of North American life, French Canada was a lively and flourishing fact.

00:30:40.100 A powerful clergy had led the successful fight for survival, and retained great influence.

00:30:47.100 Indeed, religion had been a vehicle for a strong French-Canadian nationalism, which had helped the French fact hold its ground in Quebec.

00:30:57.100 But many French Canadians were less sure how they would fare in the new dominion, sharing the country with the aggressive, business-minded Anglo-Saxon.

00:31:15.100 Protestantism was powerful in Ontario, the other great Canadian province, and among its adherents, many were hostile to Catholicism and to Quebec.

00:31:24.100 The British element, they felt, should dominate the future development of the dominion.

00:31:32.100 What this concept of the dominion could do to the merry-go-round of Canadian politics was now clear.

00:31:39.100 Already, the federal power had found the Riel affair, putting it at serious odds with Quebec.

00:31:45.100 French leaders were deeply suspicious that the toppling of Riel in Manitoba showed that what the English leaders really wanted was an English dominion.

00:31:57.100 If nation-building meant ignoring Canada's dual heritage, would the French support such a concept of confederation?

00:32:09.100 It was clear that the brave new dominion from sea to sea had enough troubles to give annexationists on both sides of the border something to cling to.

00:32:23.100 Canada's success as a nation was by no means certain.

00:32:26.100 The two chief problems that loomed large and menacing before Canadians in that landmark year of 1872 were already the ones that most trouble Canadians today.

00:32:38.100 Then, as now, the issue was whether Canada could achieve the two most audacious objectives of confederation,

00:32:44.100 the creation of an American-sized nation without a homogeneous nationality and an American-style prosperity with national independence.

00:32:55.100 Then, as now, failure could mean disintegration and absorption.

00:33:01.100 In 1872, these problems were labeled Riel and reciprocity.

00:33:07.100 The Dominion's first crisis, the resistance of the Métis in Red River to Canadian occupation, had ended quietly.

00:33:17.100 The military expedition from Canada had met no opposition.

00:33:21.100 The only bullets fired at them were paper ones, aimed by annexationist editors in Minnesota,

00:33:27.100 who knew the expedition ended any hope of swallowing Manitoba.

00:33:32.100 When the troops reached Red River, there was no resistance.

00:33:35.100 But the general amnesty which Riel had been led to expect had not come.

00:33:42.100 Disappointed and suspecting the troops of punitive intentions, he fled to Minnesota.

00:33:48.100 Riel's enforced flight angered his followers, and some of them were heard to cry,

00:33:53.100 Oh, for the states, the states!

00:33:56.100 A few went even further.

00:33:57.100 A petition was sent to President Grant asking him to intercede, ostensibly to protect Red River's freedom of choice,

00:34:05.100 but also hinting that annexation might be preferable to Canadian imperialism.

00:34:11.100 But the administration made no effort to exploit the situation.

00:34:14.100 And when the states did come, in the form of the last Fenian raid, the Métis and their leaders, including Riel, supported the new Canadian government.

00:34:26.100 Clearly, the vast majority of the French in the West had rejected the United States.

00:34:31.100 After all, most of Riel's demands had finally been written into the Manitoba Act.

00:34:38.100 The American Constitution would have offered a good deal less in the way of special guarantees.

00:34:43.100 Despite their clear preference for Canada, there was still no general amnesty for the Métis leaders in 1872.

00:34:50.100 Why?

00:34:53.100 Riel's execution of a troublesome prisoner, Thomas Scott, had not helped.

00:34:59.100 Scott was from Ontario, and an outcry for vengeance had arisen in that province.

00:35:05.100 But there were bigger issues.

00:35:08.100 For Ontario, Confederation had been largely a means of snatching the West from the advancing Americans, 0.53

00:35:15.100 and of making it a frontier for Ontario.

00:35:17.100 In their view, the primitive static society of the Métis would be a hindrance to the American-style development they planned for the West. 0.97

00:35:28.100 Riel sensed that to survive, his people must be able to grow with the West in their own way.

00:35:35.100 If French rights were secured, Quebec might also share in the development of the West, and his people would get support and reinforcement.

00:35:45.100 In English Canada, patriots had been promoting a broader Dominion nationalism, or Canadianism, under the slogan, Canada First.

00:35:54.100 But when faced with the French fact in the New Territories, the Canada Firsters quickly identified themselves with Ontario expansionism.

00:36:04.100 It turned out that in their vision of the Dominion's future, expansion and colonization were peculiarly English tasks and privileges.

00:36:12.100 There was no room in this vision for Riel, who was denounced as a rebel and obstructionist.

00:36:19.100 When a general amnesty was denied and Riel fled, Canada Firsters boasted that they had robbed the French of their victory.

00:36:27.100 But French nationalists in Quebec felt that Red River had been robbed of its natural leader.

00:36:36.100 Never for a moment, they noted, had the Canada Firsters recognized the second nationality in Canada,

00:36:43.100 or considered that Western development might be an act of partnership.

00:36:46.100 Canadianism, they felt, was simply English imperialism in disguise, and Confederation, outside Quebec at any rate,

00:36:55.100 looked all too like the American-style nation-building they had persistently rejected.

00:37:01.100 The other great problem facing Canadians was whether an American-style prosperity could be sustained without a large reciprocal trade with the United States.

00:37:14.100 It was not really a new problem.

00:37:17.100 Canada owed its very existence to the dogged pursuit of an independent northern economic system.

00:37:22.100 But when Canadians recall the brave and melancholy history of the Empire of the St. Lawrence, many felt skeptical indeed.

00:37:32.100 The great river, up which Cartier sailed, had seemed to flaunt its own manifest destiny.

00:37:39.100 It was the one great route to the marvelous network of waters in the interior,

00:37:44.100 possession of which must surely mean mastery of the continent.

00:37:47.100 Its mandate was irresistible.

00:37:50.100 With breathtaking audacity, the French had used the river to win control over half the present area of the United States. 0.99

00:37:58.100 But the blank, scarred face of the Precambrian shield was inescapable.

00:38:04.100 It pressed against the very river base of the Empire, and kept its population hopelessly small.

00:38:10.100 When 65,000 Frenchmen collided with one and a half million New Englanders,

00:38:16.100 the first empire of the St. Lawrence came to an end, as inevitable as was its beginning.

00:38:23.100 But the irresistible mandate of the river remained.

00:38:28.100 English merchants accepted it without question, and began the long struggle to hold the great interior for their river.

00:38:35.100 It was a dangerous game, and helped to bring on the American Revolution.

00:38:40.100 But the mandate of the river remained strong enough to keep the Montrealers aloof from the American system.

00:38:47.100 But aloofness created a border which split the empire of the St. Lawrence in two.

00:38:54.100 Despite Montreal's efforts to defy it, it had steadily hardened.

00:38:57.100 Attempts to straddle it had helped to bring on the dangerous war of 1812, and the split was final.

00:39:06.100 Led by the Norwesters, Montreal then reached for the British Northwest and failed.

00:39:13.100 Soon, Montreal and its river were struggling to win the trade of the lost American lands with new weapons, canals and tariff concessions.

00:39:21.100 But American canals and tariff concessions undermined the overextended Canadian system, and British free trade finished it off.

00:39:32.100 When accumulated frustrations had driven the loyalists of the loyal, the merchants of Montreal to cry also,

00:39:38.100 Oh, for the states, the states, it had seemed a final judgment on all empires of the St. Lawrence.

00:39:47.100 Although the new dominion didn't seem to have much room to maneuver, the Canadian youngster did have a good head on his shoulders.

00:39:59.100 His name was John A. Macdonald, politician and patriot.

00:40:04.100 His labors for confederation were already sufficient to make him the toast of his nation.

00:40:09.100 Macdonald found little to be pessimistic about when he considered the dominion as a producer of agricultural products.

00:40:19.100 Canada was a prize winner.

00:40:24.100 But Macdonald felt a lot less confident when he contemplated the chances for selling his surpluses.

00:40:34.100 Canada still seemed to be begging, and the answer still seemed to be no.

00:40:45.100 But Canada's own commercial leaders were no mere babes in arms, and many were getting fed up with Uncle Sam's negative attitude.

00:40:56.100 Some thought it was time to look for other means of salvation.

00:40:59.100 Macdonald agreed.

00:41:04.100 The greatest supply of capital, the greatest industrial experience in the world, were available to Canada from her imperial partner, Great Britain.

00:41:20.100 But the power of the British pound, like the rising power of the American dollar, must be made to serve Canadian development, not stifle it.

00:41:33.100 A high protective tariff, Macdonald felt, must be applied even against cheap British goods, as well as paying Uncle Sam back in his own coin.

00:41:42.100 Only if these gentlemen put up their factories in Canada, could they sell as they pleased in Canada.

00:41:50.100 Macdonald was determined that, as much as possible, what Canadians bought in Canada should be made in Canada.

00:41:57.100 Rapid industrialization, said Macdonald, must become the national policy of Canada.

00:42:09.100 The tremendous West would play a vital role in the national policy for Canada.

00:42:22.100 The new province of Manitoba must become the destination of immigrant farmers. 1.00

00:42:27.100 Only when the West was properly peopled, would Canada have a great home market, like the United States.

00:42:42.100 To succeed, this vast new Canada must be held together by railways.

00:42:47.100 Only a transcontinental railway would enable Canada to pull away at last from her dangerous dependency on American communication.

00:43:04.100 Canadian built and owned, the railway would give the St. Lawrence a hinterland.

00:43:09.100 The commercial system of the St. Lawrence had existed since the earliest days.

00:43:18.100 There had been endless hazards and disappointments, as it struggled to share the great trade of the American interior.

00:43:27.100 But the struggle had never been abandoned, and against many odds, Montreal had become a great commercial center.

00:43:39.100 Now, the great port would truly flourish.

00:43:52.100 In transcontinental Canada, the dream of an empire of the St. Lawrence would be fulfilled at last.

00:43:59.100 MacDonald was always at his best when promoting what came to be known as the national policy.

00:44:10.100 He had to be, for there were plenty of skeptics.

00:44:13.100 Some thought MacDonald's national economy simply one more version of the same alluring but unobtainable mirage

00:44:20.100 which audacious Frenchmen, intrepid Norwesters, and canny Montreal merchants had pursued in vain.

00:44:28.100 MacDonald replied that transcontinental Canada was different.

00:44:32.100 For decades, the only frontier for Canadians had been the American.

00:44:36.100 But now Canada controlled her own West.

00:44:40.100 She had, at last, the same great complementary regions as the United States.

00:44:44.100 The policies which were making America great, mass immigration, economic nationalism, industrialization, could now do the same for Canada.

00:44:55.100 But MacDonald's critics said flatly that Canada was not the United States.

00:45:00.100 MacDonald might have acquired some prairies, but two million square miles of pre-Cambrian rock made up two-thirds of his dominion and wedged apart its settled regions.

00:45:12.100 MacDonald's dreams were pretentious and dangerous, for an imitation United States would contrast badly with the real thing,

00:45:22.100 and the backlash of pro-American sentiment would destroy Canada.

00:45:27.100 A less grandiose but surer approach to Canadian prosperity was to convert the Americans back to reciprocity.

00:45:34.100 Publicly, MacDonald did not deny the desirability of reciprocity.

00:45:41.100 But privately, he was convinced that reciprocity could mean the death of an independent Canada.

00:45:48.100 The greatest danger for Canada was her growing dependence on the United States.

00:45:52.100 For this put her at the mercy of American goodwill, as Congressional termination of reciprocity itself clearly showed.

00:46:01.100 The partisans of close American connections now faced the choice of becoming perpetual beggars in Washington or annexationists.

00:46:09.100 This argument is still going on today.

00:46:14.100 MacDonald was a thoroughly unromantic patriot.

00:46:18.100 He knew that his critics did not exaggerate the geographical odds against the Dominion.

00:46:22.100 And he knew that no scarred wedge of pre-Cambrian rock separating the settled regions of Canada would be as hard to bridge as the terrible wasteland of misunderstanding between two proud nations who had once been enemies.

00:46:39.100 Yet, MacDonald was supremely confident.

00:46:44.100 He had not taken on such liabilities without considering the assets.

00:46:48.100 For if the liabilities were great, he knew the assets were greater still.

00:46:53.100 And much there was, after all, to work with in these lands and peoples, first brought together by a common rejection of the American Revolution,

00:47:05.100 people whose peculiar character had been tough enough to resist the attractions of a powerful and seductive union.

00:47:12.100 What incalculable possibilities might lie concealed in the future association of these lands, of these peoples?

00:47:23.100 Who were the Canadians? 0.97

00:47:26.100 What were they like?

00:47:31.100 A majority of Canadians by now were of the durable breed who called themselves British.

00:47:38.100 That could mean English Canadian.

00:47:42.100 Great travelers and individualists.

00:47:48.100 Great drinkers and brawlers.

00:47:53.100 Great sportsmen and gamblers.

00:47:59.100 Great fighters and churchgoers.

00:48:04.100 Elegant, too, with the London look.

00:48:10.100 It could mean Scotch Canadian, fiercely loyal and independent.

00:48:15.100 It could mean Irish Canadians, who weren't Fenians.

00:48:24.100 Canadian could also mean German Canadians, industrious and music-loving.

00:48:29.100 And it had always meant French-Canadian, with all that that meant.

00:48:36.100 A unique people, sprightly and shrewd.

00:48:39.100 With a profound reverence for the links of the past.

00:48:40.100 A sincere devotion to lineage and clan.

00:48:41.100 A sincere devotion to lineage and clan.

00:48:42.100 A sincere devotion to lineage and clan.

00:48:43.100 A sincere devotion to lineage and clan.

00:48:44.100 A sincere devotion to lineage and clan.

00:48:45.100 A sincere devotion to lineage and clan.

00:48:49.100 The powerful Roman Catholic Church.

00:48:50.100 The powerful Roman Catholic Church felt that French survival was best guaranteed by traditionalism.

00:48:51.100 A sincere devotion to lineage and clan.

00:48:52.100 A sincere devotion to lineage and clan.

00:48:56.100 A sincere devotion to Roman Catholic Church.

00:48:57.100 A sincere devotion to lineage and clan.

00:49:03.100 A sincere devotion to lineage and clan.

00:49:10.100 A sincere devotion to lineage and clan.

00:49:12.100 The powerful Roman Catholic Church felt that French survival was best guaranteed by traditionalism and the British monarchy.

00:49:19.100 Inevitably, they saw the American eagle as a sinister creature indeed.

00:49:30.100 In the American's popular democracy.

00:49:33.100 They could see only the purchase of votes and cheap demagoguery.

00:49:39.100 The spirit of the American Revolution had been trampled on, many other Canadians felt.

00:49:44.100 And its great principles mocked by ruthless groups of self-seekers.

00:49:51.100 The political hireling. 0.97

00:49:53.100 The racist bigot. 1.00

00:49:56.100 The robber baron. 1.00

00:49:58.100 And crushed beneath their heels, the helpless negro. 0.99

00:50:07.100 The American eagle was given a predatory look by sinister groups.

00:50:14.100 Manipulation of the vote made popular democracy a farce.

00:50:24.100 With a gun on his hip, the man of violence was the true American hero. 0.96

00:50:30.100 And the true American god was Mammon, who was worshipped shamelessly.

00:50:44.100 The frantic pursuit of profit tyrannized American lives.

00:50:57.100 Sam was seen as a dangerous tempter still.

00:51:01.100 Always ready with a sly hint to young Canada that there might be an easier way.

00:51:06.100 Sam still had his eyes on the young dominion many feared.

00:51:14.100 Wasn't she unattached now? 1.00

00:51:17.100 But Sam was not the right suitor.

00:51:20.100 Miss Canada would be wise to stay for a while longer yet with her own family. 0.98

00:51:25.100 So imperial ties continued to be honored in Canada.

00:51:29.100 A nation which was no longer a colony.

00:51:32.100 But which was eager to be known as part of a mighty empire.

00:51:36.100 Canada's leaders were determined to look British, even if it killed them.

00:51:44.100 Canada's leaders were determined to look British, even if it killed them.

00:51:49.880 An observant visitor in the early 1870s might have had difficulty in sensing

00:52:16.620 that Canada had just entered a new and happier period in her relations with the United States,

00:52:22.000 or that, strictly speaking, the struggle for a border was over.

00:52:28.120 In actual fact, anti-American feeling in Canada was probably at an all-time high.

00:52:33.820 If the Treaty of Washington had any larger significance, it was lost on Canadians who

00:52:39.040 merely felt cheated out of reciprocity. To most, it was just one more example of American high-handedness,

00:52:45.820 like the Fenian raids, the Trent episode, and so many others, all the way back to the Continental

00:52:51.600 Congress and its friendly invasion of Canada in 1775. A century of war, threat of war, and cold war

00:53:00.600 had conditioned most ordinary Canadians to presume that America was immoral, aggressive,

00:53:07.060 and expansionist, that her hostility was implacable, and her intentions annexationist.

00:53:13.320 But was this drastic pessimism a fair assessment of American attitudes as a whole?

00:53:21.820 The fact was that whatever individual Americans might advocate, American governments in their

00:53:27.760 dealings with Canada had generally revealed a concept of their manifest destiny that was

00:53:33.460 historically moral and realistic rather than adventurous and romantic. The populous American

00:53:40.380 colonies did have a manifest destiny to advance westward across the mid-continent from their broad

00:53:46.560 Atlantic base. Whoever got in the way of the process jeopardized the American future and

00:53:52.440 invited war. New France blocked the path west, and there was war. British and Canadian lingering in the

00:53:59.860 American path helped bring on the American Revolution, almost started war in 1794, and did help start one in

00:54:07.840 1812. And in 1846, though, President Polk may have been bluffing when he claimed British Columbia.

00:54:14.500 He was deadly serious about getting the mouth of the Columbia.

00:54:18.900 But after the war of 1812, with the boundary confirmed and Western advance assured,

00:54:25.060 Canada's unfriendly neighbor became less belligerent. Although she frequently terrified Canadians by

00:54:31.860 seeming to indulge her aggressive spokesman of manifest destiny, the United States never allowed them to

00:54:38.800 chart the national course. Aggressive republicanism was dangerously rife among the hunters' lodges

00:54:45.620 who wanted to help Canadian republicans, and among the Fenians who wanted to rid North America of British 0.96

00:54:51.940 monarchy. But making the continent safe for republicanism never became an official crusade, nor did manifest destiny.

00:55:01.300 But bringing the whole continent within the magic circle of the Union sounded fine during elections and on the 4th of July.

00:55:13.280 Economic ambitions, which made some American regions anxious to acquire adjacent Canadian regions, produced serious annexationists.

00:55:21.700 But Midwestern desire for the St. Lawrence and New England's desire for the maritime fisheries were satisfied by reciprocity.

00:55:30.680 And the expansionists who wanted to acquire the British Northwest could not persuade fellow Americans that their cause was a vital national interest.

00:55:40.620 Secretary of State Fish would have liked to annex Canada, but only if Canadians wished it, which for a while he thought they did.

00:55:47.540 But when he was convinced they did not, he dismissed the whole idea.

00:55:52.380 Officially, annexationism was dead.

00:55:55.600 So, with no interference from Washington, Canada snatched the unoccupied remainder of the Great West, 0.58

00:56:02.020 thereby ending forever all further American expansion northward.

00:56:06.100 It was a somewhat miraculous ending.

00:56:10.440 It had been lucky for Canada that when the United States had wanted to take her, she could not.

00:56:17.060 But it was perhaps even luckier that when the United States could take Canada, she would not.

00:56:22.220 The long struggle for a border is an instructive example of the most important process in the world.

00:56:28.840 The historical progression from war through Cold War to friendship and the political mediation which brought it about.

00:56:37.700 It can't be done.

00:56:39.420 So, the struggle for a border came to an end.

00:56:42.760 The undefended frontier was a reality at last.

00:56:47.440 Mental disarmament, however, would take longer.

00:56:49.760 Canadian suspicion of American annexationist intentions would die hard.

00:56:55.120 Full acceptance of Canada in the United States would be slow and ungracious.

00:57:00.160 It was unpleasantly clear that many leading Americans had accepted Canada only because they thought she could not survive.

00:57:07.500 Perhaps they would be right.

00:57:09.500 Ominous question marks hung over the second transcontinental nation.

00:57:13.960 Economic depression could revive Canadian annexationism.

00:57:17.000 English and French in Canada had had a common interest in resisting absorption by the United States.

00:57:23.580 Could they continue to cooperate?

00:57:26.660 Failure could still mean disintegration and absorption.

00:57:31.960 Yet this was hardly the destiny for which three centuries of history had accumulated the marvelous heritage now spread out at last before Canadians.

00:57:41.260 The monument to their past and the measure of their future.

00:57:45.900 The great lands won and held in the long struggle for a border.

00:57:51.740 The Loan River

00:58:09.860 The Belief

00:58:14.300 Oh

00:58:44.300 Oh

00:59:14.300 Oh

00:59:44.300 Oh

01:00:14.300 Oh

01:00:16.300 Oh

01:00:18.300 Oh

01:00:26.300 Oh

01:00:30.300 Oh

01:00:44.300 Thank you.

01:01:14.300 Thank you.

01:01:44.300 Thank you.

01:02:14.300 Thank you.

01:02:44.300 Thank you.

01:03:14.300 Thank you.

01:03:44.280 You can see why, you know, at the beginning of this stream, I kind of said a lot of what they go into in this episode is really repetitive stuff from previous episodes.

01:03:53.760 So I found it kind of hard to really pick out clips that were worth, you know, discussing in more detail in this one.

01:04:00.500 Obviously, there's some stuff, you know, stabilizing what had already occurred, you know, in the previous episode, as well as, you know, kind of tying up loose ends.

01:04:14.080 So it's more of a general episode, so it's more of a general episode, so I didn't really get into it.

01:04:19.760 I started marking times and I started marking times and I was like, we already talked about this.

01:04:23.060 I feel like I'm just going to be repeating myself.

01:04:24.540 So I figured I'd just let it go and then, you know, I could engage with the chat for a bit here and we'll wrap up this series.

01:04:30.680 But yeah, obviously, you know, general themes.

01:04:36.420 I think that this series in particular would be very good for people to watch in the current political climate with what's going on with the United States and, you know, the growing calls of annexationism and separatism across Canada.

01:04:50.220 I think that a lot of those people who are making those claims would learn a lot from watching these videos.

01:04:55.120 And even if it doesn't change their mind, if they're still set on that, I think that it would probably be useful information for them in understanding the mindset of Canadians and why these movements typically fail.

01:05:09.220 And so I'll just say it, you know, it doesn't I can almost guarantee you that every single person that's pushing for annexationism or separatism in Canada at this current moment has very little to no knowledge of any of the history

01:05:22.920 that we reviewed in this stream. And that's to their detriment.

01:05:28.340 It's not going to help them make these arguments better.

01:05:31.360 It's not going to help them understand the psychology of Canadians and why the country is the way it is.

01:05:36.520 It's not going to, you know, you know, it's not good to approach a problem realizing that you're arguing for the same things that previous people argued for and it didn't work.

01:05:46.540 And the reasons that it didn't work, you know, then are the same reasons that it won't work now.

01:05:52.920 But I don't know. I think, you know, part of the problem here is that if these these types of people had more of an understanding of their history,

01:06:01.000 they probably wouldn't be so quick to jump into the annexationist camp or the separatist camp.

01:06:08.160 Maybe they would. Maybe, you know, maybe I'm wrong.

01:06:10.540 Maybe if they watch this series, it would just cement their belief that, you know, 100 and whatever, 150 or 200 years ago,

01:06:19.260 there was a huge mistake and Canada should have joined the union, you know, but

01:06:23.640 I don't think they really understand the arguments that they're making.

01:06:30.840 It's a lack of knowledge.

01:06:32.120 Sovereign monks says, I've always aligned closer to American liberty over Canadian serfdom.

01:06:46.200 My opinion won't change the outcome either way.

01:06:49.660 I mean, if that's how you view it, I don't understand.

01:06:52.480 Why don't you just move to America then? 0.61

01:06:53.980 And that's really how you feel.

01:06:59.360 You know, we reviewed this in the episode.

01:07:01.620 The Canadians did do that or, you know, immigrants to Canada who were more enthralled with the American system left Canada

01:07:11.220 and they just moved to America and they integrated into American society instead.

01:07:15.440 So this is another thing is, like, I don't really understand the complaining here.

01:07:19.060 Like, if you really don't like the Canadian system, if you really don't like, you know, the Canadian approach to governance,

01:07:25.400 why don't why don't you just take up with the Americans?

01:07:29.360 Plenty of other people did it.

01:07:31.220 This is this is again, I don't see this like this desire to convert Canadians into Americans.

01:07:37.920 It's just so strange to me.

01:07:39.480 To me, it comes from a place of ignorance.

01:07:41.200 Canadians, as far as I can tell, they just don't understand why Canadians are the way they are because they don't know their own history.

01:07:49.180 So I don't know.

01:07:53.440 Old Dutch Hutch says, what are the actual odds of Alberta independence?

01:07:58.560 Less than 10 percent.

01:08:02.580 It's definitely less than 10 percent.

01:08:04.320 And here's why.

01:08:04.920 Because, first of all, they don't have the numbers for it.

01:08:12.560 So they're going to probably get their referendum.

01:08:15.200 Is it 20?

01:08:15.740 Are they for sure getting the referendum in 2026?

01:08:21.960 Yeah.

01:08:22.460 Chicklet says nil, my opinion.

01:08:24.240 That's that's fair.

01:08:25.100 I would never say nil because there's you know, there's always a chance.

01:08:27.980 But I would say less than 10 percent because there is like there is a legitimately growing movement in Alberta.

01:08:35.720 I'm quite familiar with it.

01:08:38.880 And they will, you know, gain some momentum and it will probably become more sophisticated as a movement.

01:08:46.820 Um, the problem is that, well, first of all, they don't have the pure numbers.

01:08:52.820 So even amongst the people that are pro Alberta independence, I would estimate that they're somewhere between 25 and 40 percent of the population.

01:09:02.400 I don't know what the latest polling numbers say, but something like that, which is not even close to being enough to actually push for a legitimate independence from Canada.

01:09:13.700 So I just don't I don't see it happening.

01:09:17.140 And this is what's going to be proven in the so like everybody likes to point out that, you know, there's 10,000 Albertans that showed up at, you know, some of these independence rallies in Edmonton and Calgary.

01:09:29.480 Right.

01:09:30.180 Um, not none of them are talking about the fact that 500 plus thousand people signed a petition, you know, in opposition to Alberta independence.

01:09:40.360 So like they're they're delusional.

01:09:42.860 They're they see like that.

01:09:44.360 They've got some numbers and they think that, OK, everybody agrees with this simply not true.

01:09:49.360 Um, the vast majority of Albertans want to remain in Canada.

01:09:52.660 And, you know, that's, you know, that's just reality.

01:09:57.240 Now, they might be able to convince some more people.

01:09:59.360 And if things continue to get worse in Canada, it will feed into that movement.

01:10:03.240 But even if they have the majority.

01:10:05.600 So let's say they have a referendum and it's 52 percent of the population.

01:10:09.400 OK, or it's 53 or even higher.

01:10:11.480 Let's say it's 60 percent of the population wants to leave.

01:10:15.080 All right.

01:10:15.500 Well, that's fine.

01:10:16.600 60 percent of people voted for it.

01:10:19.000 But that does not make a political movement necessarily.

01:10:24.660 So now, like if they go through the legitimate process, I'm not going to get into it.

01:10:28.060 But it's this whole loophole that requires other premiers and the federal government to play ball in this process.

01:10:34.540 So do you think that they're going to actually do that?

01:10:37.680 I don't.

01:10:38.380 I think they're going to fight them very hard, you know, in that process. 0.97

01:10:43.000 And then it becomes, do you have the balls to actually carry it through all the way?

01:10:48.700 And so that 60 percent of people, yeah, maybe they'll vote for it. 0.91

01:10:52.620 But are they actually going to fight for it?

01:10:54.660 And the answer is no.

01:10:56.120 Very few people will fight for it.

01:10:57.840 Now, that doesn't mean that it's impossible.

01:11:00.840 But it means that, you know, of that 60 percent, you know, I'll tell you right now, because I know this from my own experience, that 60 percent, sorry, if, you know, a thousand people, let's say a thousand people support you.

01:11:15.600 OK, 50 people will actually fight with you.

01:11:19.320 OK, that's that's the number.

01:11:21.700 Remember, it's roughly five percent of people who ideologically and spiritually agree with you are actually willing to get in there and actually help move the ball down the field.

01:11:32.620 So, you know, if you have 60 percent of Albertans, well, that that's going to actually amount to like.

01:11:38.520 I don't know, less than five percent of the population actually getting involved in any kind of real action to make things happen that can still work.

01:11:49.100 But I doubt I doubt it will.

01:11:53.020 I just, you know.

01:11:56.200 And then, you know, the reality is that I've put it like this before.

01:12:01.760 There are more like and this is something that Albertans should understand.

01:12:05.060 There are more people in Ontario who agree with the grievances that are being put forth by Alberta separatists than there are people in Alberta who agree with the Alberta separatists.

01:12:20.240 Let's say that again.

01:12:20.880 There are more people in Ontario who are sympathetic and agree with the grievances that Alberta separatists are putting forth than there are people who agree with the Alberta separatists in Alberta.

01:12:37.020 OK, you guys have a problem.

01:12:41.460 You're you're you're throwing away millions of people who agree with you.

01:12:47.220 Virtually every single grievance that you have, they agree with you for an independence movement.

01:12:54.240 The fact is, too, honestly, that's probably true about Quebec as well, by the way.

01:12:59.320 There's probably more people living in Quebec who agree with you than there are in Alberta who agree with you.

01:13:06.060 Now, it doesn't mean there's not more people who disagree with you, but I'm just saying like a huge amount of people who support you do not live in Alberta.

01:13:13.880 So in choosing to become a separatist movement, you're basically ensuring that those people will no longer help you because of what they can help you.

01:13:25.080 You've chosen independence and to cut yourself off from them.

01:13:29.500 What are they supposed to do at that point?

01:13:31.320 So that's that's my point.

01:13:37.200 There's way more people in the rest of Canada who agree with the grievances of the Albertan separatists than there are Alberta separatists.

01:13:45.280 Brian 7316 gifted five subscriptions.

01:13:56.620 Thanks so much, Brian.

01:13:57.520 And I forgot to mention earlier, Malibu Coke, again, gifted 20 subscriptions.

01:14:02.180 You're a legend.

01:14:03.440 Thank you.

01:14:03.920 Anyways, I just think it's a short-sighted movement that is going to ultimately collapse.

01:14:13.140 And by the way, too, the one thing that I didn't even get into in this when it comes to Alberta separatists is that they're not a unified group.

01:14:22.040 Right. 0.73

01:14:22.560 Among the people who would consider themselves Alberta separatists, there are libertarians, there's nationalists, there's just Christian conservatives, there's purely economic motivated conservative types, there's fucking liberals, there's a huge immigrant section of it.

01:14:44.760 Like what it's it's not a cohesive movement, either ethnically or idea ideologically.

01:14:50.080 So, like, how do you build a a separatist movement from a hodgepodge of all these different groups that agree on one thing, but disagree wildly on other things?

01:15:02.680 You're setting yourselves up for it like this.

01:15:04.800 This will watch.

01:15:06.240 It's going to get really bad as it gets closer, because all of these groups will start infighting because there's there's nothing that really unites them.

01:15:14.760 Aside from that one thing.

01:15:16.820 So as they get closer to, you know, actually. 0.92

01:15:22.200 Like when one group comes out and they say, here are our policies for independence, they're fucked, because another group will be like, well, that's not what I want. 0.69

01:15:31.100 And then the other group will be like, that's not what we want, either. 0.94

01:15:33.100 Then they'll start they'll start disagreeing.

01:15:34.820 And they're the leaders of all these little micro movements will start fighting each other and the whole thing will fall apart.

01:15:43.140 I've seen it.

01:15:43.940 We've seen it in Canada.

01:15:45.020 If you could build a cohesive movement around, like, these single concepts, then we would have won over COVID.

01:15:53.800 But that's not how it works.

01:15:55.700 You need to have a cohesive ideology that bends other people to it.

01:16:02.240 And if you if like one ideology, one movement has to rise above all the others and absorb the others or it's not going to work.

01:16:11.200 And the obvious, you know, this is the conclusion I came to, you know, within a year after the convoy, the obvious, you know, rallying point for people is blood.

01:16:23.140 But it's the thing that runs the deepest.

01:16:29.620 So if you're if your movement isn't based in blood in one form or another, it's going to fail. 0.53

01:16:37.280 Anyways, that was a huge tangent on Alberta separatism that we didn't, you know, it's not really relevant necessarily to the series.

01:16:54.680 But again, I mean, I suppose it is.

01:16:58.260 Obviously, Alberta wasn't even a province at this point.

01:17:02.820 When does Alberta become a province in like the 1890s?

01:17:09.040 Or maybe it was was it later?

01:17:17.260 1905.

01:17:17.980 Yeah, sorry.

01:17:24.600 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba.

01:17:26.900 These were all projects of Canadian imperialism, if you want to call it that.

01:17:32.160 These were Canadian colonies, which is another thing they don't want to get into, is that the entire infrastructure, you know, vision.

01:17:43.440 And, you know, creation of these provinces in general was done through the Canadian system.

01:17:57.620 Anyways.

01:17:58.060 Regardless.

01:18:19.240 Yeah.

01:18:20.160 See, the one that actually does make sense and the reason why this one has teeth is Quebec separatism.

01:18:25.960 Like this is much more obvious.

01:18:28.060 Um, they are uniquely unique in the Canadian experience.

01:18:33.840 They do have a legitimately different national culture than the rest of Canada.

01:18:40.640 Um, anybody who's traveled this country will know that there's one province that feels uniquely different to the others.

01:18:49.460 They're all unique in their own ways, but one stands out among the rest.

01:18:54.400 And that's obviously Quebec.

01:18:55.880 Um, it makes much more sense when, when they talk about separate, but even then, you know, maybe it does make sense.

01:19:05.980 I don't know.

01:19:06.460 But, um, even they, even they can't agree on it.

01:19:09.620 Right.

01:19:09.820 Even they have, um, a huge disparity between their, uh, nationalists and their separatists.

01:19:17.220 So, all right.

01:19:32.360 Just close that.

01:19:33.640 I'm just going to close entropy too, because nobody's over there.

01:19:36.840 I might just stop streaming on entropy, honestly.

01:19:46.820 Okay.

01:19:47.260 Okay.

01:19:47.320 Adam says things, says Quebec, uh, separation has largely already happened.

01:20:00.880 They have their own tax agency and their own legal.

01:20:02.800 Yeah.

01:20:03.060 They like, they, they have been a nation within a nation forever.

01:20:07.420 Like, this isn't, um, like, this shouldn't be a shock to anyone.

01:20:14.260 Um, they're, they're essentially the same.

01:20:17.520 Like, it's like Scotland or Wales in the, or North Ireland in the United Kingdom.

01:20:22.600 Right.

01:20:22.960 Like they're, they're obviously uniquely a nation within a nation.

01:20:27.440 Um, uh, old Dutch hush says, are these movements organic Alberta set?

01:20:42.800 So Alberta separatism is absolutely organic.

01:20:45.280 Um, there might be some people who are trying to subvert it or leverage it for their own purposes.

01:20:55.260 For example, it wouldn't surprise me at all.

01:20:58.620 If, uh, the UPC in, uh, or the, what the UCP, sorry, in, uh, Alberta has agents or people who are in communication with them embedding themselves into the separatist movement because Danielle Smith can use it to her advantage.

01:21:19.700 Um, it, it gives her basically a tool to use, um, to, to leverage Ottawa for negotiations about certain things. 0.99

01:21:31.400 So, uh, that wouldn't shock me at all if that's happening, but the spirit behind Alberta separatism is a hundred percent organic.

01:21:39.200 If you've lived there, you'll, you'll know.

01:21:41.060 Um, there are absolutely people who believe that Alberta should be its own nation and they, some of them, they have some valid reasons.

01:21:49.160 Um, they're just not, I don't think there's, they're seeing it practically.

01:21:54.200 Now, what, what is interesting is like, I, it's possible that they could, um, the, the, the problem is though, um, from what I saw when I was living in Alberta, the people who talk about Alberta separatism are not serious about it.

01:22:16.460 And when I say that, I mean, they might actually believe in it, like they might be sincere when they say it and they might, you know, be willing to do things, you know, to get it, but they're not actually serious about it.

01:22:28.060 And so what I mean when I say that is they're not going to do the tedious little things.

01:22:33.420 They're not going to schedule town hall after town hall.

01:22:36.820 They're not going to, you know, build a movement, um, you know, to fight for it.

01:22:41.440 They're not going to, you know, develop a cohesive ideology that is rooted in, in, you know, sound nationalist ideology, which would mean Alberta is, you know, rooted in European society, right?

01:22:56.680 Like that, you need something like that.

01:22:58.380 They're not going to make that argument.

01:22:59.960 They're not going to make the argument that Alberta must remain, you know, true to its, its British roots, you know, or to its, you know, they're not going to maintain that Alberta is a.

01:23:11.440 Uh, you know, an ethnicity or something like that.

01:23:17.320 They're not going to make any of the arguments that are actually nationalist, uh, in their making.

01:23:22.860 So basically it's just that they're, what they're advocating for is an economic zone and that's not going to work.

01:23:29.380 Um, they're not going to do all the tedious little things that are required to actually build a nationalist movement. 0.96

01:23:35.920 Um, the kind of stuff that we're doing, like the, it's, it's tedious, it's tedious going and meeting people all over half of a fucking continent.

01:23:43.620 Um, like I do, it's tedious, you know, getting guys, you know, organized and meeting regularly, ritualistically moving towards a single goal.

01:23:54.320 It's tedious, you know, building all these little micro departments that are designed to become more sophisticated and expand over time. 0.97

01:24:03.660 It's, it's tedious fucking work. 0.96

01:24:05.780 Um, and from what I've seen from Alberta separatists, they're basically just Twitter posters. 0.99

01:24:11.160 That's it.

01:24:11.900 That's all they'll ever be.

01:24:12.960 It's just people who are, they, they have, it's not that they're wrong.

01:24:16.220 It's not that they don't have sound arguments.

01:24:18.120 It's that there's no work to back it up.

01:24:20.280 So it doesn't matter what arguments you have.

01:24:22.780 It's with what army, with what army are you actually going to manifest these arguments and this, this ideology in the real world.

01:24:31.980 If you don't have that, you don't have anything.

01:24:35.900 Um, and from what I've seen, yeah, like maybe they can get 10,000 people to show up at the legislature building in Edmonton, but that's not going to, that's not enough.

01:24:45.800 That you sure you can do that once.

01:24:48.460 Can you do that every week?

01:24:49.940 No, you can't.

01:24:51.980 Um, and can you do that around an actual nationalist platform?

01:25:00.360 No.

01:25:01.000 The moment you start introducing genuinely nationalist policies, the movement is going to fracture.

01:25:06.240 So, um, I don't know.

01:25:15.800 Anyways, I, yeah, sublime braces.

01:25:29.380 So they want to carve out a smaller economic zone from a larger economic, that's exactly what they want to do.

01:25:34.460 I don't even know if they understand it, but that is exactly what they want to do.

01:25:37.560 Um, so, yeah.

01:25:53.320 Um, uh, zero, that's fine.

01:26:04.900 Zero day says I asked about you and Jeremy on millennial and was muted on the chat after sending money.

01:26:10.360 What happened?

01:26:10.940 I have no, I have no idea, but millennial and I w I was invited to go on that, uh, Canadian banquet thing.

01:26:20.220 And I don't know.

01:26:20.660 I've always had positive relations with millennial.

01:26:23.100 So, uh, sorry, millennial, millennial, millennial woes.

01:26:27.220 So I don't, I don't know.

01:26:29.060 Um, I, I like them.

01:26:33.760 that's yeah that's odd i don't know maybe that's one of his mods i have no idea

01:26:48.600 uh former members is great clips in europa blitzkrieg ferry a good presence man yeah that

01:27:02.500 was kind of funny to see myself in there a couple times uh also the second sons obviously was uh

01:27:09.360 featured in it a few times it is it is well done uh retro archives did a great job i still like look

01:27:17.740 i still personally i prefer the longer one uh i just think there's so much more in like but that's

01:27:25.940 you know part of the reason why they need a shorter one is because there's so much information um

01:27:31.620 but yeah i actually like i i i thought it was really well done in that like if you want to

01:27:39.520 show somebody a basic like basically that's an intro to europa honestly um

01:27:46.320 you could show that to somebody and be like you know okay you've watched that would you like to

01:27:53.540 know more um and then show them the full the full movie what i would like to see personally is a

01:28:02.480 remake of europa uh in its entirety but just with more fact checking it could be simplified a little

01:28:11.320 bit um you know maybe into like six or seven hours total and just a better like a better narrator not

01:28:19.060 that there's anything wrong with the guy who did it but like some you know an english narrator that

01:28:23.060 doesn't have an accent and just um is a little bit more streamlined in the dialogue so like i i could

01:28:30.900 see that uh being really useful but uh it's a lot of work so

01:28:36.400 yeah uh one thing that uh retro archives did that i thought was really interesting was

01:28:45.580 the whole uh

01:28:49.120 uh

01:28:51.400 i'm sorry what was i gonna say um oh the fact that he had uh i don't know how many languages

01:29:01.300 already done he had subtitles for you know 20 different languages already done up when he

01:29:06.740 released it which is impressive and not like a good idea i suppose right

01:29:22.980 uh boiling frogs or sorry he says uh adam says things says the only thing i think was missing from

01:29:28.340 blitzkrieg was a note about religious infighting it would have fit in nicely with the fed jacketing

01:29:33.140 bit um i suppose uh look retro archives christian uh he made a documentary called christianity in the

01:29:43.380 third reich so i i don't know if that's where he wants to go with it and like i i don't care

01:29:48.980 uh i don't have any objections obviously to uh you know people want to be christian they be christian

01:29:54.900 um i i actually thought it was quite nice of him to not uh try to inject any religion

01:30:02.980 really into europa um maybe maybe there was a little like very subtle ones but i i don't recall

01:30:11.460 any off the top of my head but um

01:30:16.580 yeah i the fact that he didn't really bring up the like the religious infighting or you know try to like

01:30:24.340 push uh one perspective over another was i thought great

01:30:34.740 okay

01:30:45.540 okay

01:30:54.340 um

01:31:07.780 um sorry i'm just reading the chat

01:31:16.420 yeah look i mean it's not going to please everybody obviously but um

01:31:19.620 um

01:31:22.180 for an hour and a half uh it's it's a good summary of everything um

01:31:30.340 it's not not an easy task so he did a great job 0.70

01:31:35.300 and uh not where's my fucking imbd credit though this is my big break into hollywood right 0.98

01:31:42.020 this is now i'm gonna get acting jobs offered by a bunch of fucking shifty jews 1.00

01:31:46.980 right is that how that works i got a film credit 0.97

01:32:02.100 hey floods in the chat it says uh the infighting is endemic but he did a good job it's part of the

01:32:07.220 movement and would have fit there but just as a footnote yeah he could he could have um

01:32:22.820 uh colonizer grinds it says some people randomly argue religion and chats that have nothing to do

01:32:27.140 with this i mean yeah it's always gonna it's always gonna happen um

01:32:35.540 i just i don't i don't see the point really of it um i get i you know i understand the arguments on

01:32:43.220 both sides honestly and i just i don't i don't know it doesn't interest me uh very much and

01:32:49.380 typically whenever i do get into it it's because i'm pissed off at both sides not because i'm pissed

01:32:54.180 off at one side with the exception of like i think you know for what i think one week last spring i was 0.92

01:33:02.900 like man i'm so tired like of of pro-white christians cocking and it was because there

01:33:09.700 was like a series within this series of like a week or two weeks there was three or four different 0.96

01:33:15.460 um you know ostensibly pro-white influencers that all kind of cocked on on race because of religion and

01:33:23.780 i was just like this is like it this is where um uh you know the the critics of christianity are not

01:33:32.020 wrong when they're noting a problem um like they're seeing a they're seeing a pattern um

01:33:39.220 that happens with with a lot of pro-white christians where they just there's always like this little

01:33:43.940 reservation um that's rooted in in their their theology um but then their solution to it is to

01:33:51.540 just attack them endlessly and like further the divide so i don't really see the the point necessarily

01:33:56.420 in doing that um yeah flood says they're not wrong factually just tactically yeah like and even like

01:34:03.300 i like i went too hard and i was like i'm so fine like i think i said i had christian fatigue which is

01:34:08.660 you know sometimes true like i get like irritated with um not even necessarily like it's not my god

01:34:14.500 like our guys are great on on the topic of religion um and for the most part they can have disagreements

01:34:21.140 and actually you know go back and forth and it doesn't spiral out of control um but uh you see

01:34:28.500 it happen all the time typically the problem here is that it's it's by people you the people arguing

01:34:35.300 about christianity 99 or you know religion not just christianity 99 times out of 100 there are people

01:34:41.780 who have absolutely no skin in the game in the real world and they're arguing about it because they have

01:34:47.540 nothing better to do and so they've they've decided that this is the thing that they're going to latch

01:34:51.780 on to and try to make um you know their entire personality basically and so that's why they no

01:34:57.860 it's not always true obviously there's some real world people that have very strong feelings but you

01:35:03.940 know 99 times out of 100 when you see people arguing about it on in an online chat or you know in the

01:35:09.860 comments section or something it's two anons that aren't doing anything um so

01:35:33.860 hodge says none of them will argue with marty i don't even know who you're talking about marty who

01:35:39.860 marty leads um i am not familiar sorry or if i am i'm not it's not clicking

01:36:09.860 i feel like i recognize this guy

01:36:39.860 but i i can't i couldn't tell you one thing that he's ever said

01:36:45.860 if he if he's like a religion guy that's why because i don't i i have no interest in

01:37:09.860 anyways

01:37:15.860 andrew joyce's haha everyone knows marty yeah i don't i'm just i'm not afraid to admit whatever i

01:37:27.220 don't know who someone is even if i probably should um like i said if it's a religious thing

01:37:34.100 or it largely revolves around uh religious discussions that's probably why because i

01:37:39.220 just steer clear of it i don't care um to me it has zero like i'm a i'm a practical person um i don't see

01:37:49.220 the the the practical application that religion has at this current juncture i see the practical application of ritual

01:37:57.220 uh of of of me pines mrs fairy you know him no i don't it's not marty up north it's marty lee it's not the marty that you know um

01:38:11.220 yeah i just i don't ritual has a practical benefit okay so if your ritual if if you have

01:38:27.380 10 pro white whatever people in your you know local sphere okay and your rich weekly ritual is to 0.72

01:38:35.700 go to church on sunday and then you gather after for fucking brunch or whatever and you guys talk and 0.95

01:38:42.260 you play with your kids and you whatever you play some footy or something i don't know um cool that's 0.98

01:38:48.420 great you have a ritual that requires you to gather that's great this this same function can also be met by

01:38:55.380 a ruck march or weekly boxing training or going to the gym together more than once so like there's

01:39:02.260 all kinds of rituals that you know you can gather your people around um so ritual is important religion

01:39:10.340 is not to me anyways i just that's uh zero days as i asked millennial woes why you or jeremy weren't on

01:39:19.700 this year i yeah well i did i don't know if you missed it whenever i did respond to your super chat there

01:39:25.380 um so i well i wasn't asked to go on uh but he did invite me to the canada banquet it just i

01:39:34.180 didn't realize it was going to conflict with this and i was trying to wrap up this series so that's why

01:39:39.060 i just kind of didn't partake in it um but i was asked to go on it i don't know i have no problem with

01:39:45.300 millennial woes uh i i thought it was awesome to be on it last year um it was really cool because over

01:39:53.060 the past i don't know the two years before that i had watched a lot of it and i thought he did a

01:39:57.300 great job with the you know millennial uh marathon stuff so i i think jeremy and i were both on it last year

01:40:09.140 here um so

01:40:27.140 um

01:40:35.940 okay

01:40:40.700 all right i'll uh keep going with the chat for like i don't know maybe another 20 minutes and

01:40:48.840 then i'm i'm calling it um i know derrick did i i didn't get to see derrick's i had plans last

01:40:55.580 night so i didn't you know jump on with derrick last night or see his is he doing plat army

01:41:00.340 tomorrow because i might do something if he's not doing anything i don't know was he back home

01:41:04.640 i haven't talked to him since well i talked to him briefly this morning but not about that

01:41:11.200 if anyone in the chat knows if

01:41:18.540 he wasn't home okay well i don't know if he's planning on doing a plat army or not but if

01:41:25.900 he's i'll talk to him tomorrow anyways if he's not i'll do a daily toll like just you know shoot 0.91

01:41:30.500 the shit on sunday night um and then on tuesday we've got patriot front thomas russo on the stream 0.87

01:41:41.240 gonna be a good one i think uh it'd be nice to get him on for like uh you know end of year kind 0.98

01:41:47.960 wrap up and whatnot uh brian says yeah he said he's doing plot army sunday perfect um

01:41:59.900 pedro pedro says have you heard the newest treaty oak revival album i have no idea what you're talking

01:42:11.920 about uh it sounds like it's something that's like folk music or you know whatever so it might

01:42:18.100 be something i'm into um

01:42:22.060 all right what else we got anyways the other thing too is if you guys have suggestions

01:42:30.420 for what you want to go into next in this series i'm open to them i'll probably

01:42:35.660 i'll probably decide um let me check the calendar here i don't know i'll probably aim for maybe two

01:42:45.020 weekends from now so like the 10th or something to start a new series or just do a one-off episode

01:42:50.880 on a new you know film subject so

01:42:55.820 um one star text says white rabbit did russo but alex would be way cooler ah tim does a great job man

01:43:06.880 he talks to great guests um but yeah i did see that he was on was that today or yes maybe it was

01:43:13.060 yesterday that he was on with tim yeah um

01:43:17.400 uh cable guy says are you hosting that one for yeah i'll be hosting it

01:43:24.180 adam says things is how about the bill of rights by john dievenbaker in 1962 i mean

01:43:36.400 maybe i'd like to i'd like to continue with some more early history uh as opposed to later and kind

01:43:44.440 of like you know move forward so like the problem with this series is that i don't know why i thought

01:43:48.820 it went much later um i must have it mixed up with a different series that i had watched a long

01:43:54.460 time ago because i don't know why that got confused but obviously it ends in 1872 which isn't ideal like

01:43:59.980 i kind of wish that this series had continued at least until you know the post-war era you know

01:44:07.920 the end of world war ii um

01:44:09.740 but uh i don't know it depends on what i can find uh i might do more war of 1812 stuff uh just

01:44:19.340 because i i find it interesting um but uh yeah even some stuff on the norwesters would be i think

01:44:29.580 interesting uh getting into more detail about like even just like a canadian explorer series i think would

01:44:36.520 be great um you know cartier champlain cabot uh laverandry maybe an episode on the northwest passage

01:44:49.560 radison you know simon fraser david thompson alexander mckenzie you know what i mean

01:44:58.080 um just going through their stories in detail i think would be awesome

01:45:03.080 but uh i'm not sure what content i can work from for that you know because i'd like to keep this

01:45:08.780 kind of format where even if it's a shorter um yeah hudson yeah sure uh even if it's a shorter

01:45:14.700 um the clip like 20 minutes and then boom we talk and the whole episode's an hour like that that's fine

01:45:24.000 with me uh so

01:45:25.920 a lot of you a lot of you seem to like the idea about the explorers so

01:45:38.460 maybe i'll look into that uh like i said we'll do uh i'll figure it out within the next

01:45:46.800 uh a couple weeks and then we'll be back with a whole new series i'll have it kind of mapped out

01:45:53.860 um

01:45:54.880 it depends like again it depends on what i can find for content even if it's even if i have to go to

01:46:06.960 like different series like if it's you know cartier and it's produced by whatever cbc or

01:46:15.140 something in the early 80s and then i have to jump to like something that was produced by the

01:46:19.620 nationalist film board in the the 1960s or something that was produced on the history channel or something

01:46:24.660 you know what i mean if i have to jump around i will uh but i'll do like a cohesive

01:46:28.600 um series on whatever explorers or you know figures of 1812 or stuff like that the voyagers yep

01:46:42.200 the cable guys just do a world war one episode oh man that's depressing

01:46:53.800 um

01:46:59.320 i thought oh man i find world war one so depressing um

01:47:06.680 i mean obviously both world wars but 0.98

01:47:10.520 it was such a it was such a waste of life it was so dumb um 0.98

01:47:19.240 just a meat grinder for no reason 1.00

01:47:28.600 it pisses me off

01:47:47.400 it like it genuinely pisses me off like i there's more logic okay there's there's a logic to the

01:47:54.520 arguments that they make about world war ii it's a terrible logic and it doesn't hold up to scrutiny

01:48:00.840 but there is a logic there which is you know this big evil mustache man was trying to take over the

01:48:07.240 world and enslave everybody and force everybody to goose step and speak german or something right um

01:48:14.520 there's a logic to it where it's like there's this like moral argument being made that like they

01:48:19.560 fought the good fight and you know they they fought tyranny or something there's a logic that logic

01:48:25.000 doesn't exist in world war one all of the it pisses me off when i hear them try to like

01:48:32.200 moralize about you know the sacrifice of world war one and what they fought they didn't fight for

01:48:37.320 fucking anything um there was there was nothing about it that was worth sending men to die for um 0.98

01:48:45.240 i hate that war um and the more i learned about it the the more you know as i get older the more i just 0.99

01:48:54.280 i despise the people that sent you know those men to die like that and they knew what they were 0.99

01:48:59.320 fucking doing too um and then you get politicians talking about you know the virtues of you know the 0.99

01:49:10.920 sacrifice that was made by these no there was there was no there was no reason for the sacrifice you 0.99

01:49:16.600 just astroturfed a reason onto it after the fact so that you could justify sending millions of men

01:49:22.280 into a meat grinder i have man it pisses me off send canadian carpenters to kill german butchers for what 1.00

01:49:37.720 factory workers and that was so stupid anyways 1.00

01:49:48.280 and sure oh and fucking church churchill's comments about that war are disgusting by the 1.00

01:49:55.240 way you think churchill's like if you're a history buffer like you know kind of like churchill 1.00

01:50:01.000 in world war ii and you think he was a piece of shit go listen to what churchill said during like 1.00

01:50:05.960 his in his private diaries and his private correspondence the fucking shit that he was saying 0.99

01:50:10.360 about world war one about how much he loved it there's literally a quote from him where he's 0.99

01:50:15.480 talking about i know this war is destroying the lives of millions but i i can't help it i love it

01:50:22.200 that he was a piece of man

01:50:31.560 okay what guys is sorry for setting no it's fine it's fine

01:50:36.600 it's because i'm having a drink and so yeah i'm getting a little bit more

01:50:39.960 more free with my opinions than i probably normally would be about stuff like i would be more controlled

01:50:46.920 about it but

01:51:05.000 yeah

01:51:05.320 uh i i do the blaine says yeah and world war one led to versailles trading which led to what yep

01:51:15.880 yeah i know i look at i know that i know all when i say there was no reason don't get me wrong i know

01:51:21.640 there was a reason i'm saying the reasons that they gave were not the reasons so

01:51:28.040 no look

01:51:44.680 you can separate now the the reasons that men signed up for it were noble the intentions behind the

01:51:53.480 average soldier you know enlisting in world war one were 100 percent noble honorable glorious yes at

01:52:01.480 the individual level but the the circumstances that led to them you know with being willing to make

01:52:10.600 that commitment were were lies so at the individual yes there's acts of heroism and there's great stories

01:52:19.000 and there's you know there's the pageantry and the drama and the triumph of you know one individual

01:52:25.000 on one section of the front you know over in like you know in insane circumstances and all yes there's

01:52:32.600 there's beauty that you can always find in the most horrible of circumstances but all of that was 0.98

01:52:38.520 bullshit like all of it was for nothing um less than nothing 0.89

01:52:52.200 so like yeah the basically what i'm getting at is like you can separate what it meant for canadians 0.99

01:52:57.800 say at vimy ridge right it's an important moment in canadian history despite the fact that it was

01:53:03.960 you know the entire um you know catalyst for that event to even take place was you know a nest of

01:53:11.160 lies uh you can separate you know those two things from one another and observe them in a vacuum for

01:53:17.640 sure but um it never should have happened

01:53:40.280 boiling frog says you meanie my granddad died for freedom that's what he thought he died for

01:53:44.920 before that's what i'm saying is you you can a hundred percent that's a hundred percent what he he

01:53:50.920 believed that it was necessary and so he he did you know what he had to do um or what he thought he had to do

01:54:02.120 you know there's that's noble um

01:54:14.920 boiling frog says i was acting like all the offended people on social media hey like uh you're

01:54:39.400 yeah yeah you're not wrong so i i had a great grandfather who was you know conscripted uh in

01:54:47.080 world war one and uh the reason that he wasn't a volunteer was because he was a farmer so he's like

01:54:54.360 all your you know your uh your labor as a farmer was more important than putting you as a soldier

01:55:03.000 like you know you needed farmers so like farmers were not accepted uh until they were because there

01:55:08.600 was such a huge demand that they were like well start conscripting farmers and then he got conscripted

01:55:13.800 um

01:55:17.000 yeah but uh yeah no that that is a common reaction that you get from people is like oh my great

01:55:23.240 grandfather who got you know his head caved in uh you know by a shell at the psalm you know he died for

01:55:30.120 free no he didn't um stop lying um that's a comforting lie the best the best way that you could honor

01:55:38.760 those men who made that sacrifice by telling the truth not by lying and not by um you know taking

01:55:44.920 part in the the lie that was fed to them and their descendants um you know

01:55:52.600 to justify that horrible expense that was paid tell the truth

01:56:03.320 uh sublime races weren't the germans winning that war until the jews brought america into it as a quid pro 1.00

01:56:08.760 quo for the balfour declaration that's debatable um certain certainly once america enters the war it's

01:56:16.440 fucking over um so you know what was it december 1917 it was very late maybe maybe it was i don't 0.86

01:56:26.280 know i can't remember when america enters the war but it's very late obviously um it was a nail in the 0.98

01:56:32.360 coffin for sure but saying that the germans were winning i think is misguided because if you understand

01:56:38.120 um in 1917 the germans concede a whole bunch of the front to the allies and they do this for strategic

01:56:49.400 reasons but basically they understand that they don't have the manpower or the resources to um

01:56:56.520 defend such a wide front anymore and so they abandon huge huge sections of their own front and retreat to

01:57:04.280 you know newly created defensive positions because they didn't have the manpower to stay where they

01:57:10.040 were so basically the allies just you know filled into this no man's land and the germans said all

01:57:14.840 kinds of you know clever surprises for them in that no man's land but germ germany was not in a good state

01:57:22.440 now they had a boost after the russians dropped out of the war but even then they were not doing great

01:57:29.080 um which is why in in 1918 you get a major offensive and so this is kind of like uh i think they call

01:57:40.200 what did they call it the kaiser's uh the kaiser's offensive or something like that um and it was like

01:57:49.480 a five five punch combo um at different parts of the western front and they used up all of their best men

01:57:57.640 all of their best weapons all of their stocks in this offensive in the spring of late winter spring

01:58:04.200 of 1918 and basically that was their last you know let's see what we got um and this is largely before

01:58:12.600 the americans are coming in in big numbers and it failed they had some immediate success in the first

01:58:19.000 couple of offensives that they launched and then the entire thing fell apart so um yeah uh the i don't

01:58:26.840 i don't think the germans were gonna win whether the united states entered the war or not i mean it's

01:58:31.160 debatable but like austria hungary collapsed is collapsing all of their allies are out the ottoman 0.88

01:58:42.760 empire is fucked like it was just germany against you know all of the western powers uh minus russia 0.93

01:58:50.360 uh by 1918 like i don't they were in big um 0.99

01:59:03.640 yeah sublime branches america entered world war one on april 6th yeah so um they only start coming over

01:59:10.920 late in 1917 uh and they only join the front i think they're i think americans are only on the front

01:59:18.360 in early 1918 so very late to the war um they're not there in large numbers and germany's still losing

01:59:27.800 so i don't know

01:59:32.920 the cable guy says please make a world war one series i know the reason i don't want to is because i know

01:59:37.960 so i know a lot about world war one and it's just it's depressing man um

01:59:56.920 uh yeah and then obviously you know the other thing that was part of this is germany had all kinds of

02:00:03.160 stuff going on in their in their home front that was destroying them from within which you know

02:00:09.240 ultimately is referred to as the stab in the back um but things were just collapsing on the home front

02:00:16.520 man people were starving i can't remember the numbers but it's hundreds of thousands um and it

02:00:21.640 increases so like in the in the winter of 19 uh you know it's 15 16 i don't know what it was it was like

02:00:28.920 50 000 germans starved right for lack of food in night the winter of 1916 1917 another you know 200

02:00:37.000 000 germans starved because of lack of food and then 1917 18 it's i think it's close to 500 000 germans

02:00:44.200 starved so like their their death toll at home was massive maybe those maybe those numbers are inflated

02:00:50.200 but you get what i'm saying is like every year that this went on more and more people were dying on 0.99

02:00:55.080 the home front which is causing all kinds of fucking problems for them 0.98

02:01:10.200 andrew joyce has recommended any books on world war one i mean fuck ernst younger what's that what's 0.97

02:01:17.640 his uh what's it called again the the if you just look up ernst his account of world war one is the

02:01:25.480 best account of world war one there is so if that's what you're talking about then yeah

02:01:32.280 he's a very interesting character too because he liked it he spoke positively about his experience

02:01:38.760 of four years of war on the western front um so he's kind of like a i don't know he's a wild man let's

02:01:46.840 put it that way

02:01:58.120 okay all right you know what i'm wrapping it up there um thanks everybody for your support in this

02:02:23.000 series and making it uh you know successful in terms of like it's worth it's worth taking the

02:02:28.600 time to do so uh enough of you are enjoying it um and yeah like i said we'll be back probably january

02:02:36.600 10th i'll just set that as a tentative date for when we relaunch another uh series uh of the nationalist

02:02:43.960 film board and yeah it'll be uh we'll keep this going as long as i can anyways um so cheers everybody

02:02:53.400 thanks for dropping in uh we'll see you probably tomorrow for plat army uh green gliders has just

02:02:59.000 got in i'll catch the replay hell fairman yeah cheers man honestly there's not really that much

02:03:02.680 unless you want to watch like i didn't really do that much of a review of this episode because it's

02:03:06.760 kind of repetitive so um james 669 says the dominion societies are on uh with levine right now all kinds

02:03:14.040 of separate separatist talk in the chat some from nons who just got here saying they're more canadian

02:03:18.760 than us i mean good on the dom sock boys for uh thank you summers lead blood uh sorry good on the dom set

02:03:27.080 guys for um you know doing what they're doing i don't have the time to engage with jason levine and

02:03:33.800 jeff evely so if they're willing to do it you know god bless them uh summers lead blood's a storm

02:03:38.920 of steel yes thank you i don't know why i always forget the name of of that because i just know it

02:03:43.400 as ernst younger's book but uh storm of steel is the book written by ernst younger it's uh it's excellent

02:03:49.880 um

02:03:54.280 all right we'll see you uh on the 30th anyways for the interview with thomas russo and uh if you know

02:04:03.800 hopefully uh a lot of you tune in all right good night everybody

The Ferryman's Toll - December 28, 2025

The Nationalist Film Board - Creation of Canada - Part 9

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