Kentucky is the first state in the country to require able-bodied Medicaid recipients to work to keep their benefits, and opponents of helping people help themselves are getting ready to sue. The President had a series of tests done on him yesterday and his doctor said he is as strong as an ox.
00:00:41.260Kentucky now is the first state to require that all able-bodied, able-bodied Medicaid recipients are going to have to work to keep their benefits.
00:00:50.980Opponents of helping people help themselves are getting ready to sue now.
00:00:55.980The Republican governor, Matt Bevin, received federal permission last week to implement the work requirement.
00:01:02.700Now, other states have tried this before.
00:01:05.300You know, they tried to get permission from the Obama administration.
00:01:19.260Well, starting this July, if you're not disabled, if you're able to work, you have to work a minimum of 20 hours to receive Medicaid coverage.
00:03:11.060Get your ass up and volunteer at least.
00:03:16.660Another politician had something to say about that.
00:03:19.420We must make national principle that we will not tolerate a large army of unemployed.
00:03:25.840That we will arrange our national economy to end our present unemployment as soon as we can and then take the wise measures against its return.
00:03:37.020I do not want to think that this is the destiny of America to remain permanently on relief rolls.
00:54:41.800The Avogadro Corp is the first one, AI Apocalypse, The Last Firewall, and the Turing Exception.
00:54:47.720They are really good, take place over the next 40 years, and kind of show you the things that we are facing in a novel form.
00:54:56.120And it's really exciting and really enjoying, and you will really learn a lot.
00:55:02.980Without giving away, you know, anything in the end, let me give away the end of the last book.
00:55:10.620You have people digitizing themselves and going out into space because the world has been lost to technology and to AI.
00:55:24.800Is that, how do we deal with the idea of, that's not life, that is life.
00:55:36.260How do we deal with that with computers and with robots?
00:55:39.880Because I think that's the first place we're going to see it.
00:55:42.020Yeah, the, the, obviously we're going to have, um, robots or AI, they're going to talk to us and, um, they're going to say, Hey, I'm alive.
00:56:37.320So an example, um, that I actually got from, um, Daniel H. Wilson, the author of Roboapocalypse, uh, is an example he likes to give.
00:56:48.520So imagine that, uh, you're out, you're with your kid and, uh, you get really frustrated at your car and you kicked the car, um, because you were frustrated that it wouldn't start or something.
00:57:01.700And your child saw that now they might think it's a little bit odd, but they're probably not going to be too traumatized by you doing that, um, because you're dealing with an inanimate object.
00:57:12.280Now, on the other hand, imagine, um, someone gets frustrated with a family dog and they kick the family dog.
00:57:19.600That's going to be a whole lot more traumatizing for that kid to witness, right?
00:57:38.720And so how trauma inducing is it to them to think about like turning off their AI friends or their robotic dog reaches the end of its life and we throw it away?
00:57:48.560Everything, everything, everything is about to change and I, I can't recommend highly enough, uh, read the singularity series by William Hurtling.
00:57:57.700It's available Amazon, the singularity series started today.
00:58:18.560The founders of the new group, new California took an early step towards statehood, uh, on Monday after reading their own declaration of independence from California.
00:58:35.700Uh, they say California has become ungovernable and they said, what we'd like to do is take most of the current day, California, including the rural counties and leave all the coasts.
00:58:48.460And the urban areas to, you know, California, California, they said the current state of California has been governed by a tyranny.
00:59:00.060After years of over taxation, regulation, and monoparty politics, the state of California and many of its 58 counties have become ungovernable.
00:59:08.900Citing a decline in essential basic services, including education, law enforcement, infrastructure, and healthcare.
00:59:15.620The group says they hope to model their split, uh, over what happened in Virginia, becoming the state of West Virginia.
00:59:23.320California, the authority comes in article four, section three of the U S constitution and new California wants to be the 51st state.
00:59:34.520But I will tell you that I don't, I don't, I don't have a problem with this.
00:59:41.380I, I, I worry that we are dividing ourselves.
00:59:48.240Into groups where we just don't need, we don't even understand each other.
00:59:52.100So we're becoming balkanized, but you know, I, I just don't understand.
00:59:57.520Understand, you know, there's people that want to, you know, they want the socialism and everything else.
01:01:15.760They didn't kill them, but they drove them out.
01:01:18.220Once you, once you weren't able to work and once you weren't, once you were of a certain age, you had to leave the community and go away from the family.
01:01:27.780So, you know, it wasn't, it, you know, it wasn't a death camp.
01:01:31.280Look, we're talking the socialism scale.
01:01:34.260Don't call me out for these minor, minor infractions.
01:01:40.280But what they found out is that, you know, without incentives, without making people, without people wanting to better themselves, because there was no hope to better themselves.
01:01:48.640That was the design of the system that the society fell apart over and over and over again.
01:01:53.320One of them, it was even here in Dallas, Texas.
01:02:11.040It was a socialist utopia and it failed miserably, failed miserably.
01:02:16.940And it was with talented people and people with good intentions.
01:02:20.120It is the reason why Dallas is the city that it is, because all of these talented socialist utopians that had real skill and real, you know, intellect, they came and they tried it.
01:02:35.000And when it failed, they all started leaving and they were like, OK, that doesn't work.
01:03:01.140And I mean, you know, Vermont had, you know, has massive experiments into socialized health care and many, you know, we are obviously our country at some level has done that as well.
01:03:13.920You can have these little things, but they all they affect everybody.
01:03:16.580These little socialist plans that eat up one, two, three percent of your economy and they just continue to grow all the time, wind up really affecting people and hurting the growth of an economy and hurting people and lives.
01:03:33.120But I go back to I don't I mean, look, if if if Californians want to try it, you get all the best land, you get all the you got all the coast land, you get everything, you get all the sweet parts.
01:03:47.860Well, I think the mountains are a sweet part, too.
01:03:50.600And, you know, where you can actually grow food is also a good.
01:05:30.180And you kind of look at this and you say, well, maybe it's because you're taking everyone who isn't a hardcore Bernie Sanders supporter and tossing them to the side.
01:05:41.380You know, I mean, you're embracing that hardcore left thing.
01:05:44.320We saw this with Tom Perez when they talked about basically kicking everybody out.
01:06:01.120But, you know, there have been major politicians for the Democrats, some of the most successful politicians that have been pro life Democrats.
01:06:40.000It's a rejection of traditional common sense, not traditional values, traditional common sense.
01:06:46.620It's it's becoming a rejection of science and it's becoming so radical that I think the Democratic Party in many ways scares many Democrats.
01:06:58.560They're they're not going to say that out loud.
01:07:00.540But I think there's parts of it when they see what's happening in the college campuses.
01:07:03.680I think the average Democrat looks at that and goes, that's that's crazy.
01:07:20.400I mean, Cory Booker is in the middle of an essentially his audition for a 2020 run senator from New Jersey.
01:07:25.520And he looks like a complete lunatic harassing a woman in the Trump administration about immigration and DACA and and all of these other things.
01:07:38.900And he's trying to be more animated because he knows he had to to win a primary.
01:07:43.820He's got to be as crazy as possible and look like he's got to out left Elizabeth Warren.
01:07:50.480He's got to out left all of these crazy people.
01:07:52.500Bernie Sanders, all these people that are already there.
01:07:54.420He's got to figure out a way to get to their left.
01:07:56.480And the only way you can think of doing it is waving his hands around and making his eyes big and yelling at a woman, which I thought was bad from Democrats.
01:08:20.200I had tears of rage when I heard about this experience in that meeting.
01:08:23.040And for you not to feel that hurt and that pain and to dismiss some of the questions of my colleagues saying I've already answered that line of questions when tens of millions of Americans are hurting right now because of what they're worried about what happened in the White House.
01:08:41.640And I've got a president of the United States whose office I respect, who talks about the country's origins of my fellow citizens in the most despicable of manner.
01:09:47.260This person's either completely insane and unpredictable and you should be expecting these things or the opposite.
01:09:54.260We're going to get really upset that they change his changes his mind in negotiation.
01:09:57.980Obviously, this is one of those ridiculous grandstanding appearances that we get from senators all the time when they try to run for president.
01:10:06.180And the other thing is, too, what is he criticizing her of at this time?
01:10:09.400Is it that she isn't answering the questions because she said she's already answered them?
01:10:18.020Is it you're really that upset because someone said, actually, I've already answered that question?
01:10:23.280What she's not saying, she's not going to answer it.
01:10:24.840She's saying she's already covered that material.
01:10:26.980You're really going to get that upset over that?
01:10:30.680You know, it's a guy who's trying to, you know, build up a pathway to this fake anger so he can get donations, so he can get, you know, a little buzz from the grassroots.
01:10:46.440He's trying to build himself into a thing.
01:10:50.000And it's so obvious he's trying here because he's trying so hard to convince you he's mad right now.
01:10:58.960So it really comes off as I think he's going to connect with a lot of people on the left and not necessarily just the far left.
01:11:09.380I think he's going to turn out to look very, very balanced and very, you know, normal, middle of the road performance is going to get him balanced.
01:11:18.800But I think he's I think that's the way he's going to be viewed by a lot of people on the left.
01:11:24.460And the problem is, is that our extremes are so far.
01:11:27.540I mean, we're talking Marxists, atheists, revolutionaries, people who are telling us that men and women, that that designation doesn't even exist.
01:12:58.820ZipRecruiter goes out and looks for the most qualified candidates and invites them to apply.
01:13:04.220So if you're looking for a new whatever, you post it.
01:13:11.420But is the person that you're really looking for, are they going to see your post on that day?
01:13:17.300That's where the smart technology of ZipRecruiter comes in.
01:13:20.080It goes out and it searches for the people that are right for you.
01:13:23.720That's why 80% of employers who post on ZipRecruiter get a quality candidate through the site in the first day.
01:13:29.740ZipRecruiter, it's the smartest way to hire.
01:13:31.780Find out today why ZipRecruiter has been used by businesses of all sizes and industries to find the most qualified job candidates with immediate results.
01:13:39.500Right now, post your job at ZipRecruiter.com for free.
01:13:44.560Go to ZipRecruiter.com slash Beck and it'll be free.
01:14:17.780If you live in California and you're part of the independence of a new California, I support you.
01:14:26.220Not going to happen, but I support you.
01:14:30.140Um, state department has just issued this warning.
01:14:34.600If you were planning on visiting North Korea, um, they have issued a travel advisory, uh, level four, do not travel.
01:14:45.800But if you still decide to go, um, you should do a couple of things, draft a will and designate appropriate insurance beneficiaries or power of attorney.
01:14:57.820Uh, and then also discuss a plan with, uh, loved ones regarding care and custody of your children and your pets before you go.
01:15:06.560Well, I think that's going to say, I'm going to stay, I'm going to stay home.
01:15:56.200We're a hundred days, that's a third of the year in, and we still, people don't have electricity.
01:16:04.560Despite the aid, construction materials, everything that we sent, still they haven't rebuilt very much, and they haven't restored the electrical grid.
01:16:15.000So there was speculation that the Puerto Rican Electric Power Authority, or PREPA for short, had been hoarding these materials.
01:16:23.180Our teams went into the warehouse, and it was easy for them to see this was true.
01:16:29.620It was filled to the brim with equipment and resources.
01:16:35.420That, that explained why FEMA agents were so perplexed by the lack of everything that the people needed in Puerto Rico.
01:16:45.640PREPA received the equipment to rebuild, and then they just didn't do anything with it.
01:16:51.080So while the people of Puerto Rico are forced to get by without life-saving electricity every single day, their salvation is sitting in a warehouse.
01:19:25.900Why are you, what is your attraction there?
01:19:28.900And I seem to think that you are a fan of his.
01:19:33.100Well, I wouldn't say I was a fan, to be honest.
01:19:36.340But I do think there are some stories in history which are really quite opposite to what most people think.
01:19:42.560About 30 years ago, I did a documentary for the BBC television about the 50th anniversary of the Munich Agreement.
01:19:49.780It's going to be the 80th anniversary this September.
01:19:52.780And I discovered that it was completely different to what I thought.
01:19:57.260In particular, Adolf Hitler regarded it as a terrible defeat.
01:20:01.820And that alone, I think, most people don't understand.
01:20:06.740And I wrote Fatherland, as you mentioned.
01:20:10.560But I always had in the back of my mind a desire to write a novel about the Munich Agreement.
01:20:15.980And I had the idea of writing it from the point of view of one of the officials who flew out with Chamberlain to meet Hitler in September 1938.
01:20:26.080And then I decided I'd also have a German character who travels on Adolf Hitler's train from Berlin to meet Chamberlain at Munich.
01:20:35.520And so you follow these two men who were friends who were at Oxford University together as they head towards Munich.
01:20:41.980And it gives me an opportunity to write a first-hand account of both Hitler and of Chamberlain.
01:20:47.380So how much, Robert, of the novel is really close to true?
01:20:55.680Like, for instance, the plot to kill Hitler at that point, was that going on?
01:21:05.760Everything in the book, really, pretty well is true, apart from these two invented characters, Paul Hartman and Hugh Leggett, the German and the Englishman.
01:21:15.480And, yes, I mean, essentially what happened was that Hitler decided at the beginning of the summer of 1938 that he would, for the first time, invade another country.
01:21:28.680And he issued all this to the German army to prepare to wipe Czechoslovakia off the face of the map.
01:21:36.900And the army came back and said they could reckon they could do this in about five or six weeks.
01:21:44.060And he threw the plans back at them and said, I want to be in Prague within a week.
01:21:49.620And elements of the German army took fright at this.
01:21:52.340It was the first time that they really woke up to the fact of where Hitler was likely to lead them.
01:21:57.920And for the first time, there were contacts between opposition elements in Berlin and the British government in London.
01:22:04.900And there was a slightly crazy scheme if the British and French declared war to try and arrest Hitler.
01:22:12.280I don't actually think it was that serious.
01:22:15.000But certainly it was the real first beginnings of the rumblings of a resistance to Hitler as the Germans realized where it was heading.
01:22:21.800Yeah, I was surprised when Chamberlain arrives in Munich that there were, you know, the Oompa bands that were playing, you know, popular tunes from England, that the crowds cheered him.
01:22:34.660I always thought of the Germans not for peace.
01:22:45.320There's no doubt in the historical record about that.
01:22:47.720Hitler, according to all the reporters, including the American newspapers who were there, received much louder cheers whenever he appeared than Hitler got.
01:22:57.440One of the reasons I wrote the novel was because I came across a journalist, a German journalist called Joachim Fest, who was the ghostwriter on the memoirs of Albert Speer, the Hitler's armament minister.
01:23:09.720And in this diary, Fest asked Speer one day back in the 60s, what did Hitler feel about Munich?
01:23:16.680And Speer said Hitler was in a rage for two weeks after Munich.
01:23:21.680He wouldn't even speak to his private staff, which was unusual for him.
01:23:25.800And then it all came pouring out at a private social occasion.
01:23:29.580He said the German people have been fooled and by Neville Chamberlain of all people.
01:23:35.140And what he was referring to was that Chamberlain, because he was the architect of a peace agreement, the German people staged a kind of anti-Hitler protest in the sixth year of his rule by cheering Chamberlain loudly whenever he appeared.
01:23:50.680This infuriated Hitler and was one of the reasons why I think he drew back from attacking Czechoslovakia.
01:23:57.040So as I was reading this and you really kind of spell it out, very colorful, the the appearance of everything with Hitler was strong and militaristic and streamlined.
01:24:16.540And, you know, Mussolini is there the same thing.
01:24:20.640And here comes a guy who kind of looks like a walrus and another guy who looks old and frail coming to the meeting.
01:24:28.040Those two guys must have seen the English as complete things of the past and and just weak.
01:24:42.400There was a great contrast in Munich between, you know, the fascists, the Germans and the Italians, mostly quite young men in their smart uniforms and these dowdy, quite elderly civilians in their crumpled suits who've flown into Munich.
01:25:00.900One of the one of the other reasons I wanted to put Chamberlain in the novel is that he is he was a tough old bird.
01:25:06.820And Winston Churchill said that about him, too.
01:25:11.140He was a really dominant prime minister.
01:25:14.160He he he busted and lauded it over his colleagues.
01:25:18.140And he was quite vain and arrogant in his way and as determined on peace as Hitler was on war.
01:25:25.820And Hitler, he drove Hitler mad because Hitler was not really interested.
01:25:32.660The pretext for war was to the return of three and a half million Germans who'd been assigned to this new state of Czechoslovakia in 1919 after the First World War.
01:26:43.760And he removed Hitler's pretext for war.
01:26:47.340He said, well, if the concern is these three and a half million Germans into the dayland, I'm sure we can arrange for them where the majority is German for those lands to be transferred to Germany.
01:26:59.540And this is what forced Hitler in the end to back down.
01:27:03.920Goebbels said you can't fight a war on details.
01:27:09.380And so he missed that opportunity for war.
01:27:12.080And at the beginning of the novel, I put this quote from Hitler in the bunker in February 1945, when he said, we should have gone to war in 1938.
01:27:22.500September 1938 would have been the perfect time.
01:27:26.040And throughout the war, Hitler felt he was fighting it a year too late because of Munich.
01:27:58.180Because I'm sympathetic to Chamberlain, slightly more than most people are, I know, I felt that it was unfair on Chamberlain because, first of all, who built the Spitfires that were fighting the Battle of Britain?
01:28:10.520Chamberlain did when he spent 50 percent of British government revenues on rearmament in 1939, an enormous amount for a country of peace.
01:28:20.520And also, Chamberlain, because of his experience dealing with Hitler, backed Churchill in rejecting any suggestion of listening to peace terms.
01:28:31.180And because Chamberlain at that time was leader of the Tory party, his was the decisive voice.
01:28:36.160And most people think that Chamberlain wanted to do a deal with Hitler.
01:28:41.280He supported Churchill very strongly and was the decisive voice on the 27th of May, 1940, at the cabinet meeting where it was decided to not even hear what Hitler's peace terms were.
01:28:52.620When you're looking at today's world and you're seeing everything that's going on, your job, and you've been so good at this, you look at history and you see missed opportunities or chances for things to have been different.
01:29:16.660What do you think we're going to look back over the last 20 years and say, if this event was understood at the time, it would have changed things?
01:29:30.200Well, I think, you know, history is a beguiling subject because it enables you to go back and see where people went wrong.
01:29:41.680And another of the quotes at the front of my book is from a great British historian called F.W. Maitland, who said,
01:29:48.060you must always remember that what lies in the past once lay in the future.
01:29:53.960Chamberlain didn't know that Hitler planned a Holocaust.
01:29:57.000Nobody could foresee exactly how the Nazi regime would go.
01:30:01.060You can only deal with things as they are as they appear to you.
01:30:06.000Obviously, there are huge forces at work in the world today that we are finding it very hard to even understand, let alone respond to.
01:30:15.940I think they are a large degree to do with technology and the way that that is completely transforming our society, destroying the assumptions on which most of us have built our lives.
01:30:28.880It's a frightening time of change, and often after a long period of relative stability, which we've had since 1945, this leads to a kind of complete revolution.
01:30:42.060In a way, the situation we're going through now reminds me rather of the period before 1914, or feels that there's something big coming along.
01:30:52.240How I would deal with that, I don't know.
01:30:55.060I mean, part of the point of my Munich novel is that these two men, these two young men, are sort of trapped by history.
01:31:02.480They can see they're heading to the chasm, the abyss, but there's nothing they individually can do, although they try to do it.
01:31:10.080And it feels that history has reached one of those points.
01:33:09.680And, Robert, I don't know how much time did we schedule you for?
01:33:14.600I've got all the time in the world, so, you know, I have a pleasure talking to you.
01:33:18.360I have two things, and, you know, what I love about your books is, for instance, Chamberlain.
01:33:24.260I have a new look at Chamberlain, and I have to go back now and really study him again and see him in a different light and see the peace in our day in a different way.
01:33:35.600But you've done this to me a few times.
01:33:38.620One of the things that really was a pivot in my life was your book, Conclave.
01:33:44.260I love that book, and the speech that the guy who ends up being Pope gives about certainty is something that I think everybody in the world should hear.
01:34:01.220I read that part, and I thought, oh, my gosh, that is the problem.
01:34:05.400Do you remember that part of the book?
01:34:08.980It was a bit of a nerve to, on my part, really, to write a novel about the election of a pope, especially, as I told it, from the point of view of a senior cardinal.
01:34:18.700But I just, I've always been interested in power and its effects on men and women and what it does to them and what they try to do with it.
01:34:28.080And really, almost the ultimate election is the election of a pope.
01:34:32.560And this character really came into my head very strongly.
01:34:37.760And he's a, as it happens, he's the head of the College of Cardinals when the pope dies, who has to organize the election,
01:34:47.880even though he'd asked the pope just before he died if he could stand down because he was having a crisis of faith.
01:34:53.460And that was really the key to unlocking that book, the idea that a man might actually be charged with electing the new pope
01:35:00.420and yet, at the same time, be plagued with doubt.
01:35:03.220And he has to give this huge televised address on when the conclave starts voting, which is seen by a billion people.
01:36:26.160It's a great, thrilling novel that I think you really enjoy.
01:36:30.860Robert is one of my, one of my favorite authors.
01:36:35.040I fell in love with his stuff with Fatherland, which came out in the 90s, and I'm a little upset that you, you, you can't buy on Kindle anymore.
01:36:43.940But Fatherland, I've also, I've read five or six of your books, Robert, and one of them I want to talk to you about is the Fear Index.
01:36:54.380A minute ago, you said, you know, you were concerned about technology and how that's going to change us.
01:37:01.880And the Fear Index is, is AI gone crazy.
01:37:08.200And it made, it makes you look at AI in a completely different way.
01:37:13.060Yeah, it's about a hedge fund manager in Geneva who used to work for the Large Hadron Collider and who, who sets up an artificially intelligent algorithmic trading operation,
01:37:30.460which, like Frankenstein's monster also in Geneva, goes out of control.
01:37:35.280And I had a lot of fun writing it, but as you say, it's, you know, it's a pretty, it's a pretty frightening superstructure over the world, this, this, this financial trading.
01:37:49.260And we've seen, you know, in 2008 what happens when it gets out of control, how it affects all our lives.
01:37:56.160And in a way, the world has never really recovered from the disaster of the complexity of the financial world and the way in the end it caused so much trouble.
01:38:07.900Well, it's very, I mean, the Fear Index is very Hitchcockian in a way where it's just an average guy kind of caught up into something he doesn't understand is much, much bigger than, you know, anything he possibly imagined.
01:38:22.860And halfway through, I'm thinking, I believe all of this is possible, even if it's not done by AI, with the, with the tracking and the data that people have.
01:38:33.840I mean, some government, you know, becomes like, you know, Nazi Germany.
01:38:38.220This isn't going to be hard to manipulate and hard to do to people.
01:38:42.840And I think, you know, whatever the next war is like, what one fears the most is that it won't be anything like what we've been thinking about.
01:38:55.160And in this country, certainly, if, for example, we were to suddenly not be able to take money out of an ATM machine because of a cyber attack, how quickly a city like London, which is said to be only five meals away from starvation, that is, that there's only enough food in the supermarkets, it's really 24-hour resupply.
01:39:18.020How quickly civil order could collapse.
01:39:21.820And I don't think that's like a, you know, a doomsday scenario anymore.
01:39:25.280I have a horrible feeling that's what the next war will be like.
01:39:28.060It won't be like the one that Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler were talking about in 1938.
01:39:33.340It'll be something altogether more, potentially much more alarming, actually.
01:39:37.540What is, as a writer, if I said to you, which one's the more believable scenario?
01:39:50.340Putin, through, you know, nefarious ways, kind of cobbles together the old Soviet Union and is deeply embedded in all of our systems and turns us against each other.
01:40:07.540Or financial doomsday that just kind of traps all of us into something ugly.
01:40:18.360Well, I mean, you know, the second two could easily merge.
01:40:24.180I think that that's what's frightening.
01:40:27.480North Korea, I think perhaps is, in a weird sort of way, you know, there is a kind of mad, insane rationality to the North Korean regime,
01:40:36.980in that they would blow their own brains out if they launched any sort of attack.
01:40:41.140And people generally aren't quite that crazy, even if they may look it.
01:40:46.140But something like Putin that gradually shades into a conflict that gets out of hand, that's much more the way things go in history.
01:40:54.380You know, the Russian occupation of the Crimea was really the nearest thing we've seen to the Sudetenland Crimea.
01:41:11.080As I'm reading Munich and he's talking about that, and that's all I could think of, is this is exactly the same argument that Putin was making.
01:41:18.340Yes, and of course, you see, for the Western governments, and for most Western people, the Crimea seems to be Russia's backyard.
01:41:28.480You know, you assume that it was really part of Russia.
01:41:30.960Most people would have thought there's no appetite really to fight or suffer over an issue like that, just as I don't think there was much in 1938 in Britain.
01:41:41.020And bearing in mind it was only 20 years after the First World War, where the British alone had lost three-quarters of a million men killed, there was no appetite to fight over that issue.
01:41:51.300And that's one of the things you've got to think about Munich, I think.
01:41:54.180You've got to put it in the context of its time.
01:41:57.120Chamberlain said he thought there would be a spiritual breakdown in Britain if the ordinary people didn't see their leaders trying to do everything possible to avoid another great war.
01:42:06.240He destroyed his reputation, trying to avoid it, but I think in the end he did do a service, even if inadvertently, in giving the country a year or more to rearm.
01:42:18.240And also, it gave it a moral superiority and strength that Churchill was able to draw on, as we see in Darkest Hour.
01:42:26.600The name of the book is Munich, a novel.