The Joe Rogan Experience - October 17, 2024


Joe Rogan Experience #2215 - Graham Hancock


Episode Stats

Length

2 hours and 28 minutes

Words per Minute

167.6168

Word Count

24,933

Sentence Count

1,945

Misogynist Sentences

7


Summary

In this episode of the Joe Rogan Experience podcast, Joe talks about the latest in the Flint Dibble vs. archaeology debate, and the new evidence that has been uncovered about human seafarers in the last ice age. Joe also discusses the difference between domestic seeds and wild ones, and how domesticated seeds are much more resilient than wild ones. Joe also talks about some of the weirdest things he has ever heard about seeds, and why he thinks they should be used in food production, and what they could do to make them more nutritious and more resilient and why it s a bad idea to grow them in the wild. And, of course, he talks about how the seeds could be used to make food and food products more nutritious, which could be a good thing, because they could be the key to food production in the modern world. This is a great episode for anyone who wants to know the truth about what happened in the ice age and the impact it had on our ancestors, and whether it has any relevance to our current understanding of the past. Joe is joined by archaeologist and botanist, Dr. Flint Dibble, and they discuss all sorts of other topics related to the Ice Age, including the discovery of the oldest shipwrecks we have ever found, as well as a new theory about the origin of the seeds that could help us understand the origins of the wild ones we ve been growing in the Wild. and the potential impact they could have on food production. in the future of food production and food production on our day to day life, and our future. Thanks to Dr. Dibble for coming on the show, and for bringing us the truth. Joe Rogans podcast, and we hope you enjoy this episode! . Thank you so much for listening, and Joe for being a friend of the pod, and listening to the pod. , and for supporting the pod and for sharing it with your friends and family and friends, and I hope you have a great day! -Joe Rogan Podcast by day, by night, all day. by night. - by night - all day, Joe by day - by day by night by night Thanks, Joe's Podcast by Night, by day - Night, All Day, All day, All Night, By Night, Day, by Night by Night by Day, By Day, Night, all Day


Transcript

00:00:01.000 Joe Rogan Podcast, check it out!
00:00:04.000 The Joe Rogan Experience.
00:00:06.000 Train by day, Joe Rogan Podcast by night, all day.
00:00:13.000 Good to see you, sir.
00:00:13.000 What's happening?
00:00:14.000 Good to see you too, Joe.
00:00:15.000 I watched episode one, and I'm into episode two of your new season.
00:00:20.000 Fantastic.
00:00:21.000 Looks fantastic.
00:00:21.000 Looks awesome.
00:00:22.000 Fantastic information.
00:00:24.000 But before we do anything, I think we should probably address what we know now about the debate that you had with Flint Dibble.
00:00:31.000 So that was the last time we were here.
00:00:34.000 I appreciate that he came on, and I thought it was going to be an interesting discussion, but It turned out he played fast and loose with the truth and distorted quite a bit of information that were some key points that you had discussed,
00:00:51.000 one of them being the amount of shipwrecks that were discovered.
00:00:55.000 He greatly inflated the amount of shipwrecks that had been discovered.
00:00:59.000 You released a video today that went over a lot of this stuff.
00:01:03.000 And one of the things that went over is the oldest shipwreck that we are currently available.
00:01:08.000 It's about 4,000 years old?
00:01:10.000 About 6,000.
00:01:10.000 6,000?
00:01:11.000 The Docos shipwreck.
00:01:12.000 But there's nothing left of the ship.
00:01:14.000 No, that's right.
00:01:14.000 And this is what's important.
00:01:16.000 What he was trying to say was that it would be preserved by the cold water.
00:01:20.000 That turns out to not be the truth at all, and that these ships that are 6,000 years old, there's nothing left of the actual boat itself.
00:01:27.000 That's right.
00:01:28.000 The only thing that's left is pottery and coins and things of the like.
00:01:32.000 And especially when you consider the possibility of ships having gone through a cataclysm.
00:01:37.000 Right.
00:01:37.000 But there's a more central point than that, which really needed to be brought up by the archaeologists in this, which is that archaeology universally accepts that human beings were seafarers as much as 50,000 years ago.
00:01:55.000 And I put the evidence on this into the video.
00:01:58.000 It's not even in dispute.
00:01:59.000 Like the island of Cyprus.
00:02:01.000 The nearest Turkish coast is about 60 kilometers from there.
00:02:06.000 It's always been surrounded by huge deeps.
00:02:09.000 It's always been an island, even at the peak of the sea level, lowest sea level during the ice age.
00:02:15.000 Cyprus was always an island.
00:02:16.000 And yet there's evidence now that it was settled 14,000 years ago, certainly 14,000 to 12,500 years ago.
00:02:26.000 It was settled, in other words, during the ice age.
00:02:29.000 And these were large planned migrations.
00:02:32.000 When you're going to migrate to an island, you can't just go two or three people by accident because you'll become extinct.
00:02:38.000 You have to bring in quite a large population.
00:02:41.000 And they reckon that populations of a thousand or so were being brought across that water, across the ocean, across the Mediterranean Sea to Cyprus.
00:02:49.000 Near the end of the last ice age.
00:02:50.000 But not a single ship has survived to testify to that.
00:02:55.000 Same with Australia.
00:02:56.000 50,000 years ago human beings got there and even at the lowest sea level they would have had to cross about 90 kilometers of open water in large numbers.
00:03:06.000 And again, no ships have been found to testify to that, yet archaeologists accept that they got there by ship.
00:03:12.000 So to say that we haven't found any ships from the ice age is not really evidence about anything.
00:03:18.000 And if we're finding the oldest ships that we currently are aware of, which is, as you said, about 6,000 years ago, if you tack on another 6,000 years of decay on top of that, what are the odds you're going to find anything?
00:03:32.000 I think the odds are very, very low.
00:03:33.000 Now, if we had that evidence and that information when we were confronting Flint, that would have been a very different conversation.
00:03:39.000 Totally.
00:03:40.000 But the arrogance in which he distributed that fake information, it's disturbing.
00:03:46.000 It sucks when people just want to win and they don't want to get to the truth.
00:03:51.000 It does.
00:03:52.000 And the truth is very fascinating.
00:03:55.000 Another thing that was very fascinating that he discussed, I didn't watch your whole video, but it was about seeds.
00:04:01.000 I asked the question, there's a very distinct noticeable difference between domestic seeds and seeds that are wild.
00:04:10.000 And the difference is the seeds that are wild, they break off easier because it makes sense that it would help them prosper.
00:04:20.000 It would help them be able to spread the seed if it broke off the plant easier.
00:04:24.000 And so they can recognize that.
00:04:26.000 And then when...
00:04:28.000 When they start using large-scale agriculture, the seeds become more robust and stick to the plant because it makes sense that if you're going to harvest all of the plants and then take the seeds off of it, for the plant to prosper,
00:04:43.000 you would want the seeds to be more robust.
00:04:45.000 So there's these changes.
00:04:48.000 Have they ever noticed a domesticated seed going back and having the characteristics of a wild seed?
00:04:54.000 He said no.
00:04:55.000 But that's not true either.
00:04:56.000 That's not true either, no.
00:04:57.000 No.
00:04:58.000 It's not true.
00:05:00.000 And the whole notion of the origins of agriculture, I think archaeologists got a great deal more work to do on that.
00:05:07.000 Often I'm misrepresented as saying that survivors of my supposed lost civilization would have brought crops with them.
00:05:18.000 I think that's most unlikely in a cataclysmic situation.
00:05:21.000 What they brought with them was the knowledge that crops can be domesticated.
00:05:25.000 And it's precisely during the Younger Dryas that we see that shift from undomesticated to domesticated crops in the archaeological record.
00:05:32.000 And what I'm suggesting is that these were people who had already...
00:05:37.000 They'd already solved that problem.
00:05:39.000 They knew it could be done.
00:05:41.000 And they brought that knowledge with them and shared that knowledge with the people that they took refuge amongst.
00:05:47.000 Because I don't think we're looking at a mass migration.
00:05:50.000 I think we're looking at a few survivors who are taking refuge after a global cataclysm.
00:05:55.000 You know, it's just very unfortunate when you have a debate and one person is an expert and they're not truthful.
00:06:04.000 I think it's very bad for archaeology.
00:06:07.000 It is, because it reinforces all the things that you've been saying.
00:06:09.000 It does.
00:06:11.000 I mean, to be honest, I felt beaten up after that debate.
00:06:15.000 But looking back in retrospect on the whole thing, I think it actually makes the point that we have a very arrogant, very controlling discipline in archaeology which has established a narrative about the past and which will fight tooth and nail to maintain that narrative.
00:06:35.000 I think instead of smearing people who talk about the possibility of a lost civilization or people who even talk about aliens, I think instead of smearing them, archaeology should understand why people are asking those questions.
00:06:47.000 People are asking those questions because they're not satisfied with what archaeology is offering.
00:06:52.000 It's not providing a nurturing, satisfying resolution to many of the problems that come from the past.
00:07:00.000 That's what drives me, is curiosity about anomalies in the past.
00:07:05.000 I'm often misrepresented as saying that somehow I've proved that a lost civilization existed, and I don't claim to have proved that.
00:07:13.000 What I do say is, join me on this journey.
00:07:16.000 There are mysteries in the past.
00:07:17.000 Let's see if they're explained by archaeology or if they're not explained.
00:07:21.000 And I found quite a number that are not explained by archaeology, and that's particularly to do with astronomical alignments with traditions that are shared all around the world.
00:07:31.000 It's to do with things that archaeologists by and large don't study.
00:07:35.000 This episode of the Joe Rogan Experience is brought to you by Call of Duty.
00:07:40.000 You know, when a new Call of Duty drops, everyone's trying to find a way to squeeze in those extra hours of gameplay.
00:07:48.000 I get it.
00:07:49.000 Life is busy.
00:07:50.000 But sometimes, you just need it.
00:07:53.000 Hey, Joe.
00:07:54.000 It's the replacer.
00:07:55.000 Yeah.
00:07:56.000 No, you.
00:07:57.000 Hey, I'm gonna take it from here so you can enjoy some Call of Duty Black Ops 6. Great.
00:08:02.000 Now listen up, folks.
00:08:04.000 Life can be chaotic, but you shouldn't have to miss out on the latest Call of Duty just because you've got, I don't know, responsibilities.
00:08:13.000 That's where I come in.
00:08:14.000 I will handle the boring stuff like work, chores, even podcast ads.
00:08:20.000 So you can dive right into the fight.
00:08:23.000 Call of Duty Black of Six is out October 25th.
00:08:27.000 So dive in because I've got your back.
00:08:31.000 Remember, I replace you, Blake.
00:08:33.000 It's that simple!
00:08:35.000 Man, the replacer always gets it done.
00:08:38.000 Seriously though, if you're hooked on Call of Duty, this is your time to jump in.
00:08:42.000 Head over to CallOfDuty.com slash BlackOp6 to get in the game.
00:08:48.000 Call of Duty.
00:08:50.000 BlackOp6.
00:08:50.000 Pre-order now.
00:08:52.000 Well, it's also one of the things that's fascinating is just even with conventional archaeology, the dates keep getting pushed further and further back.
00:09:00.000 Further and further back.
00:09:01.000 And this is one of the things, the White Sands, New Mexico stuff that you have on episode one.
00:09:06.000 That's right.
00:09:07.000 Which is, by the way, White Sands.
00:09:09.000 Have you been there?
00:09:09.000 No, I haven't.
00:09:10.000 What an incredible, ethereal, otherworldly place.
00:09:14.000 And Alamogordo is sitting right in the middle of that.
00:09:17.000 This is where they did the nuclear tests and the trinitite, which was created there.
00:09:23.000 And there's gypsum sand.
00:09:24.000 It's not normal.
00:09:25.000 It's just the most amazing, amazing place.
00:09:27.000 And there, yes, they found human footprints dated back more than 23,000 years.
00:09:32.000 What do they think that environment was like 22,000 years ago?
00:09:36.000 Well, it would still have been like that.
00:09:38.000 It would have been gypsum dunes then in that place.
00:09:41.000 Otherwise, they wouldn't have left the footprints.
00:09:43.000 I'm not exactly sure why the gypsum is there, but there it is.
00:09:46.000 Is that the same stuff they use for gypsum board for construction?
00:09:48.000 I reckon so, yeah.
00:09:51.000 It's a very fine, very white sand, and it just goes on forever, and the dunes are sculpted and massive and huge.
00:09:59.000 We had an amazing time there.
00:10:00.000 So it looked incredible.
00:10:01.000 So they found footprints there and these are absolutely human footprints and there's not just a few of them, there's thousands of them.
00:10:07.000 There's thousands of them and what's amazing when you actually see the footprints is you can see the interactions between the human beings and animals.
00:10:16.000 You can see that somebody is reacting to a giant sloth which has suddenly turned around and the person who's behind it suddenly turns around as well.
00:10:26.000 Mammoth footprints overlaying human footprints and then human footprints overlaying those.
00:10:31.000 And it goes down for meters under the ground.
00:10:34.000 So you have a very deep stratification of these impressions that have been left behind by our ancestors.
00:10:42.000 And by animals that are now completely extinct.
00:10:45.000 Mammoths and mastitons went extinct during the Younger Dryas, but there are their footprints from 23,000 years ago side by side with the footprints of human beings.
00:10:53.000 It's very intimate to see a footprint, to see those five toes, to see the heel mark.
00:10:59.000 To see sometimes a child walking beside a mother, that's there in the record as well.
00:11:05.000 It's quite something special.
00:11:07.000 And it opens the door.
00:11:09.000 Archaeology has been very reluctant to accept a much older peopling of the Americas than previously was held.
00:11:15.000 It was held for a long time, that it was about 13,000 years ago.
00:11:18.000 They've abandoned that now.
00:11:20.000 They did cling on tooth and nail for decades, but that's been abandoned.
00:11:24.000 It's accepted that human beings came here I think?
00:11:51.000 I went to see...
00:11:52.000 The exhibits are in the San Diego Natural History Museum, and I talked with the expert there, Dr. Tom Desmarais.
00:11:58.000 And they are convinced that they are looking at human traces there.
00:12:03.000 It was a butchering of a mastodon, but the way the bones were broken and the marrow was extracted, they don't see any other way that this could have been done except by human beings.
00:12:12.000 It's 130,000 years old, not 23,000 years old, not 13,000 years old, but 130,000 years old.
00:12:19.000 And, you know, this opens the possibility that human beings have been in the Americas before they were in Europe.
00:12:26.000 And that becomes...
00:12:28.000 That's crazy.
00:12:29.000 That's a door that opens all kinds of possibilities which have been neglected.
00:12:32.000 I think that the prejudice that the Americas were only settled very late in the human story That led archaeology to not have their eye on the possibility of what happens if they were here earlier.
00:12:45.000 Right.
00:12:45.000 And they tend not to look to that.
00:12:48.000 Well, what I was going to ask is as they're digging deeper and deeper and they're finding these footprints in White Sands, New Mexico, is there a possibility that they could dig deeper still and find things that are even older?
00:12:58.000 Yes.
00:12:59.000 Absolutely.
00:12:59.000 How do they know where to go?
00:13:02.000 It was found by accident.
00:13:04.000 The first footprints were found completely by accident and they were found by indigenous local people who alerted the National Park Service to them.
00:13:17.000 And we have a number of indigenous spokespeople who speak to the White Sands Mystery and how it feels for them, the emotional feeling of seeing the footprints of their ancestors from 23,000 years ago.
00:13:30.000 The thing is that the dunes are constantly shifting and sometimes the footprints will be covered up and then wind will reveal them again.
00:13:37.000 And they're fragile.
00:13:38.000 They can be easily destroyed and wiped off.
00:13:39.000 And in a way, it's a miracle that they've survived.
00:13:43.000 But to see the stride of a mammoth...
00:13:45.000 You see how far apart those huge footpads are.
00:13:50.000 And to realize this thing was alive.
00:13:52.000 This thing existed on this planet.
00:13:54.000 Human beings interacted with it.
00:13:56.000 It's very compelling evidence for an earlier settlement of the Americas.
00:14:00.000 There is some evidence that human beings came across the Bering Land Bridge.
00:14:04.000 Oh, yeah.
00:14:05.000 So that probably means there was people already here and people came here from Asia.
00:14:11.000 Yes, almost certainly.
00:14:12.000 And the way the evidence is looking, it's most likely that South America was settled first, before North America was settled.
00:14:20.000 And that raises all kinds of questions.
00:14:21.000 And we've gone into this in Season 2 of Ancient Apocalypse, primarily to do with the DNA evidence of a direct connection between the peoples of New Guinea and Australia.
00:14:33.000 And the peoples of certain tribes in South America, and that's very ancient, very old DNA evidence in South America, but also to do with archaeological sites like Monte Verde.
00:14:43.000 I did bring up the issue of Tom Dillehay the last time we were on when Flint was here.
00:14:48.000 And Tom Dillehay, who found Monte Verde, who excavated Monte Verde in South America and realized that it was plus 14,000 years old and therefore a lot older, than what was then accepted as the model for the first peoples in North America.
00:15:04.000 When he put that idea forward, he was eviscerated by his colleagues in archaeology.
00:15:09.000 It took them a decade to come around to accepting that actually he was right.
00:15:13.000 There are many other sites in South America going back 30 plus thousand years.
00:15:18.000 They're all controversial because they conflict with an existing model.
00:15:21.000 But I think instead of clinging on to existing models, I think it's one of the problems with archaeology is this territoriality, this kind of control of the past.
00:15:30.000 I think instead of doing that, it would be nicer if archaeology was a little bit more welcoming, a little bit more open to new and different ideas.
00:15:38.000 Unfortunately, that's just the thing when people are supposed experts in a subject and someone comes along that's also been studying it but from an untraditional perspective.
00:15:47.000 People reject that.
00:15:48.000 I've come to the point, and I'm going to say something, some strong words here.
00:15:52.000 Get crazy.
00:15:53.000 Get crazy, Grand Man.
00:15:55.000 I've come to the point where I believe that some archaeologists, not all of them, most actually this problem is with a small number of archaeologists, but they're extremely vocal.
00:16:06.000 I think what we're looking at is a kind of abuse of power.
00:16:11.000 Archaeologists have a power.
00:16:12.000 They are the official spokespeople for the past and they use that power to slap down any point of view that doesn't agree with theirs.
00:16:23.000 So I think that there's an abuse of power there and at the same time There's not a realization that that's happening because the mindset that drives it is the feeling that members of the general public are unable to decide things for themselves.
00:16:38.000 This is the arrogance of archaeology, that they feel that they have to tell people what to think about the past and they underestimate the intelligence of the public and the ability of the public to discern, to make choices between different possibilities about the past.
00:16:51.000 They think that Archaeologists seem to think that only one possibility of the past must be considered by the general public, and that's their possibility.
00:16:58.000 And it reminds me a lot of the heresy hunters back in the 16th century.
00:17:02.000 You know, the people who disagreed with their point of view got burned at the stake.
00:17:07.000 Well, you don't get burned at the stake today, but you can get lynched by a mob of archaeologists online.
00:17:12.000 Well, it's also the same thing that we saw during COVID. With medical experts that disagreed with the narrative.
00:17:17.000 It's the same thing.
00:17:18.000 It is absolutely the same thing.
00:17:20.000 When you take esteemed professors and doctors and physicians and you cast them into this kook label because they disagree with the narrative that the medical establishment is pushing and then they turn out to be correct, which most of them did.
00:17:33.000 You see the same patterns.
00:17:35.000 It's just power.
00:17:36.000 It's just power and people that have their identity wrapped up in them being the ones that have access to the actual information.
00:17:44.000 They don't want it to be distributed by some guy on Netflix.
00:17:48.000 That's right.
00:17:50.000 Even though you've been probably studying it more than them, and certainly studying particular aspects of it.
00:17:56.000 That's the other thing I noticed, which was the sneering attitude towards me.
00:18:01.000 They talk about my wife, Santa, taking tourist photos of the places that we've been to.
00:18:06.000 Well, we've never been anywhere as tourists.
00:18:08.000 We haven't had a holiday for 20 years.
00:18:09.000 But the working trips that we do are very intense.
00:18:13.000 Your wife's an amazing photographer.
00:18:15.000 Like, who cares if she takes tourist photos?
00:18:17.000 The photos are incredible.
00:18:18.000 They're of real sites that are very pertinent and very interesting.
00:18:21.000 That's right.
00:18:23.000 Criticizing amazing photographs is one of the dumbest things I've ever heard.
00:18:26.000 Like, why would you criticize amazing photographs of ruins that are perplexing?
00:18:30.000 Yeah, I know.
00:18:31.000 How could you find even an area where you want people to agree with you?
00:18:37.000 It's part of this desperate search to say we archaeologists know everything and we must discredit in any way we can anybody who has anything opposite to say.
00:18:47.000 It's an unfortunate human characteristic.
00:18:50.000 It happens in everything.
00:18:51.000 You see it in martial arts.
00:18:52.000 You see it in science.
00:18:53.000 You see it in everything.
00:18:55.000 This reliance on experts, I get it.
00:18:58.000 I would like the pilot of my plane to be an expert pilot.
00:19:02.000 I don't want him to be an amateur.
00:19:05.000 But I don't think that archaeologists and aircraft pilots can be compared in that sense.
00:19:11.000 Archaeology is a much more interpretive discipline.
00:19:13.000 An aircraft pilot is not really interpreting situations that much.
00:19:16.000 He knows what to do in such situations.
00:19:18.000 Archaeologists are interpreting the past and yet they seem to get very upset by other interpretations of the past that are offered that don't agree with theirs.
00:19:27.000 And this is the problem of expertise in our society.
00:19:30.000 Yes, expertise is very important.
00:19:32.000 It's incredibly useful.
00:19:34.000 But we should not place all our faith and trust in experts.
00:19:38.000 We need to liberate our own consciousness and freely think about things and make our own decisions about things and resist Resist absolutely being told what to think.
00:19:49.000 Well, the problem is these experts are human beings.
00:19:52.000 And human beings have very distinct behavior traits that they exhibit, especially when they're in a position of power and prestige.
00:19:59.000 And they like to hold that and it feels good for them to be the person that looks down upon the people that don't know better and tell them what to do and tell them what to think.
00:20:08.000 And when you're doing that with something like...
00:20:10.000 Look, if you're doing that with something like mathematics, and someone's a mathematical expert, math is a very specific and precise science.
00:20:18.000 Yeah.
00:20:18.000 It's very specific.
00:20:20.000 Yeah.
00:20:20.000 Archaeology is like, who fucking knows what's out there?
00:20:24.000 Exactly.
00:20:24.000 Because you haven't searched everything.
00:20:26.000 No.
00:20:26.000 It's not possible to.
00:20:27.000 And as we develop more...
00:20:30.000 These fascinating technologies like LIDAR, where you have the ability, ground-penetrating radar, all these different things where you can look into the soil itself and find things that aren't visible on the surface.
00:20:41.000 See them through trees, see them through...
00:20:43.000 That, we're going to find more.
00:20:45.000 And obviously in Brazil, they have done.
00:20:47.000 In the Amazon, they have done.
00:20:48.000 Well, that was part of our adventure with Season 2 of Ancient Apocalypse, was working with a really professional team in Brazil, led by an archaeologist, Marty Parsons, from the University of Helsinki, and a geographer from Brazil, Oseo Ranzi.
00:21:05.000 I'll say you, years ago, was the first person who noticed that there are these huge geometrical structures emerging out of the Amazon jungle, and he noticed it on a flight on a commercial aircraft in an area that happened to have been cleared by local farmers for planting crops,
00:21:23.000 that there was this massive geometrical earthwork there.
00:21:26.000 And that – he actually coined the term geoglyphs for these because he compared them in some ways with the Nazca lines, which again are really only visible from the air.
00:21:36.000 You get suddenly the massive scope and extent of these things and it's same with the geoglyphs in the Amazon.
00:21:44.000 And here's the thing.
00:21:46.000 The ones we know about up till now, we largely know about them because of these tragic clearances of the Amazon rainforest, which is maybe a short-term economic gain but is a long-term really not a very good idea.
00:22:00.000 But now with LiDAR, it's possible to find these things without damaging any rainforest at all.
00:22:06.000 And we had a LiDAR expert with us.
00:22:09.000 And you can fly LiDAR off a drone now.
00:22:12.000 That's amazing.
00:22:13.000 Yeah, it's incredible.
00:22:14.000 It's a pretty hefty drone.
00:22:15.000 But they can fly anywhere.
00:22:17.000 And we found – I say we, it was actually the LiDAR expert who found – You can see the edge of the rainforest where the clearances stop and the rainforest hasn't yet been interfered with.
00:22:30.000 And then he flies over there.
00:22:31.000 And within a matter of hours, he's found multiple more of these structures.
00:22:36.000 That are deep in the rainforest.
00:22:37.000 That are deep in the rainforest.
00:22:38.000 Covered completely.
00:22:39.000 Covered completely.
00:22:39.000 And LiDAR allows him to see through the canopy and to see what's underneath it without damaging it.
00:22:45.000 And there are these huge earthworks.
00:22:46.000 And this raises the question, how much more is there in the Amazon to find?
00:22:53.000 Even the archaeologists who are most reluctant are now willing to accept that the Amazon had a huge population before the Spanish conquest.
00:23:00.000 It's just so wild.
00:23:01.000 That's such a shift.
00:23:02.000 Millions, cities, a whole different way of life, a whole different kind of civilization from the one that we have today, one that lived in a man-made garden, which is what the Amazon really and truly is, and lived in harmony with that.
00:23:17.000 That's an interesting thing too.
00:23:18.000 We've talked about that before but for people who've never heard those other podcasts, they've determined that the Amazon rainforest is at least partially man-made.
00:23:27.000 Definitely.
00:23:28.000 They've determined that because of the preponderance of trees that serve human needs.
00:23:34.000 They call them hyper-dominant and things like Brazil nut trees which are providing food for human beings are in massive dominance in relation to trees that aren't useful to human beings.
00:23:45.000 And it's clear that this is the result of a long-term human project to make this jungle serve human needs.
00:23:52.000 What was the other one?
00:23:52.000 The ice cream bean?
00:23:54.000 What was that?
00:23:54.000 Ice cream bean.
00:23:56.000 I'm forgetting all of the details, but there's a bunch of...
00:23:59.000 Food plants.
00:24:14.000 And there's the other thing that you've discussed in depth, the terra preta, this man-made, incredibly rich nutrient-dense soil that they can grow incredible agriculture off of that we really to this day don't know how they created.
00:24:29.000 It's a mystery.
00:24:30.000 Again, it was a great privilege to have the opportunity to stand in a pit of terra preta that is being excavated to get down 15 feet into that.
00:24:39.000 Can they recreate it once they get it?
00:24:42.000 It appears that modern, not modern, but indigenous communities in the Amazon are still doing this.
00:24:50.000 They're still doing it, mixing all kind of refuse and waste together and enriching the soil with it.
00:24:56.000 So it's not stopped.
00:24:58.000 Terra Preta is still being made, but most of it is very old, and the oldest that they've found so far is about 8,000 years old.
00:25:05.000 So it's just large-scale regenerative agriculture using some old lost method.
00:25:10.000 Yeah, that's right.
00:25:11.000 That's right.
00:25:11.000 And making – see, a rainforest, even when you choose trees that are going to serve human needs, it's not enough.
00:25:19.000 You do need to be able to plant in the rainforest.
00:25:22.000 And that is what terra preta has allowed people to do.
00:25:25.000 Rainforest soils are not particularly fertile.
00:25:28.000 By nature.
00:25:29.000 So it's these spots of fertility all over the Amazon and we went into that mystery quite a bit in one of the episodes.
00:25:35.000 It's so interesting, especially when you consider the stories like The Lost City of Z, you know, which they turned into an interesting film.
00:25:43.000 But the book details these records of these incredible cities that these people had visited a long time ago.
00:25:50.000 And then when they tried to go back, there was nothing there.
00:25:52.000 Yeah.
00:25:53.000 Because everybody had died off because of European diseases, probably.
00:25:56.000 That's exactly what happened.
00:25:57.000 Yeah.
00:25:57.000 But those cities were just consumed by the jungle.
00:26:01.000 And much like Detroit, if you go to Detroit now, you can see there's a bunch of neighborhoods in Detroit that are essentially abandoned and trees are growing right through the houses.
00:26:12.000 And the houses are...
00:26:13.000 I mean, that's just a few decades ago.
00:26:14.000 And the houses are almost gone in some ways.
00:26:17.000 If you went back 200 years ago, there'd probably be nothing left of them.
00:26:21.000 This is probably exactly what happened in the Amazon, except the trees just consume the landscape because it's such an incredible dense rainforest that things grow so quickly there.
00:26:32.000 That's what happened.
00:26:33.000 I mean, before The Lost City of Z, we have this very interesting report.
00:26:37.000 I have mentioned it to you before in a previous episode.
00:26:40.000 The expedition of Gaspar de Carvajal and his chronicler Francisco de Oriana Which was an accidental expedition.
00:26:51.000 They were just going hunting in a longboat, but the Amazon took them and wouldn't let them go back.
00:26:57.000 And they traveled 4,000 miles across South America and ended up in the Pacific side and ended up in the Atlantic Ocean.
00:27:04.000 And that's in the 1550s, 1560s.
00:27:09.000 And they report seeing enormous, thriving, prosperous cities, highly civilized with advanced arts and crafts.
00:27:16.000 And they were not believed because a hundred years later when other Spaniards made that voyage and went into the Amazon they couldn't find the cities and the reason they couldn't find them is precisely the reason that you give which is that the jungle had eaten those cities because the human population had been wiped out by disease brought by the Spaniards.
00:27:36.000 The Spaniards didn't have to have direct contact with those indigenous peoples in the middle of the Amazon.
00:27:40.000 The diseases just jumped from population to population and just killed everybody.
00:27:44.000 It's so wild that that happens.
00:27:46.000 It's so crazy.
00:27:47.000 Most people probably aren't even aware.
00:27:50.000 Everyone knows there was a genocide of Native Americans in this country, but most people don't know that 90% of them were wiped out by disease.
00:27:56.000 Absolutely.
00:27:57.000 Which is just unbelievable to think about.
00:27:59.000 Millions of people just wiped out over the course of a few decades or a hundred years by diseases.
00:28:05.000 It's an early example of a biological weapon.
00:28:08.000 Yeah, right.
00:28:10.000 And to some extent, it was used deliberately as a biological weapon, like those smallpox-infected blankets.
00:28:17.000 Is that true, the smallpox-infected blankets?
00:28:19.000 Because I've heard that that was like a rumor or a myth.
00:28:22.000 It may well be a rumor, but from what I've looked at from the Spanish conquest of Mexico, there was a realization that we can kill these people with smallpox.
00:28:32.000 And it was spread.
00:28:36.000 God.
00:28:36.000 And we have some immunity to it that they don't have.
00:28:39.000 Right, because we had it forever in Europe.
00:28:40.000 It's just so terrible when you read Cabeza de Vaca's story about visiting the Maya civilization and you realize, like, you guys fucking killed everybody.
00:28:52.000 Yeah, the diseases did.
00:28:54.000 I mean, the battles did kill some people, but not on the order of the diseases.
00:29:00.000 Mexico City fell to the Spaniards.
00:29:05.000 Primarily because of disease and secondarily because the Aztecs weren't popular with their neighbors.
00:29:11.000 So it really wasn't just Cortes and 400 Spaniards.
00:29:15.000 It was Cortes and 400 Spaniards plus smallpox plus the Tlaxcalans who the Aztecs had used as a sort of farm for human sacrifices for 100 years.
00:29:28.000 And the Tlaxcalans looked at Cortez and they said, we can use this guy.
00:29:32.000 And so they joined him.
00:29:34.000 He had tens of thousands of Tlaxcalan warriors.
00:29:37.000 Otherwise he would not have had that victory.
00:29:40.000 So what archaeology would like is to be in control of expressing that narrative in its fullest form.
00:29:48.000 And I don't think they know.
00:29:50.000 I don't think they can.
00:29:51.000 No.
00:29:53.000 Nobody can explain the Olmecs.
00:29:54.000 Explain that.
00:29:55.000 Explain those features and those faces.
00:29:57.000 It's a very curious thing.
00:29:59.000 And again, the moment we start talking about people's facial features, then they jump in with you're being a racist, you're being a white supremacist or whatever, although the Olmec heads don't serve white supremacism.
00:30:10.000 Not at all.
00:30:11.000 How would that be racist if these were the most advanced seafaring people alive 6,000 years ago?
00:30:18.000 Again, the racism angle is just being used to shut it down.
00:30:23.000 This is something that we, particularly in the climate in the world today, Well, Flint does that a lot.
00:30:28.000 Yeah.
00:30:29.000 He does a lot.
00:30:29.000 I saw him do that to Jimmy Corsetti online over uses of parentheses or brackets.
00:30:36.000 Did you see that?
00:30:37.000 I did, yeah.
00:30:37.000 That somehow or another that's a code for Jews.
00:30:40.000 I thought what he was doing was avoiding...
00:30:44.000 There's certain algorithms that pick up on particular words that you use.
00:30:50.000 You ever see that people...
00:30:51.000 They don't, like, if they want their post to be more viral, they don't write the word shooter.
00:30:56.000 They write S-H and then they put, like, two asterisks and then T-E-R-S. I've noticed people doing that.
00:31:03.000 Yes.
00:31:03.000 So what people are trying to do by blanking out swear words and cutting out different words is that you can bypass algorithms that selectively remove or limit the distribution of those kind of posts with those keywords in it.
00:31:18.000 Yeah.
00:31:18.000 So that apparently was all he was trying to do, was adding brackets to something to enhance the algorithm.
00:31:24.000 To enhance the algorithm.
00:31:25.000 But it's just like accusing someone of racism, it should be very clear what they're saying.
00:31:32.000 It shouldn't be you have decided through some sneaky code.
00:31:37.000 To decide that this person's racist.
00:31:40.000 Oh, this code means this.
00:31:41.000 This is a commonly used code.
00:31:43.000 From what I understand, those use of brackets is just to trick the algorithm.
00:31:49.000 Just like the two asterisks for shooter.
00:31:52.000 I think it's very unfortunate that in serious and interesting discussions about the past, That this issue of race immediately gets dumped into it because those who are dumping race into the issue know that that's a way to shut down a conversation.
00:32:08.000 Nobody wants to be accused of being a racist.
00:32:10.000 It's also the dumbest suggestion because the most sophisticated ancient civilization that's baffling people to this day is in Africa.
00:32:20.000 Yeah.
00:32:20.000 So shut the fuck up.
00:32:21.000 Shut the fuck up!
00:32:22.000 It doesn't make any sense.
00:32:23.000 Exactly.
00:32:24.000 Those were the most advanced human beings ever.
00:32:26.000 And we're in disagreement.
00:32:28.000 There's a lot of confusion and debate as to how long ago they were there.
00:32:31.000 According to their hieroglyphs, they were there 30,000 plus years ago.
00:32:35.000 Absolutely.
00:32:35.000 But at the very least, those were people in Africa, okay?
00:32:39.000 So all the racism shit should be out the window because no one's saying that was anybody else.
00:32:42.000 No, that was an African civilization.
00:32:44.000 They literally have images of themselves.
00:32:46.000 We know what they look, you know, these drawings of what they looked like.
00:32:49.000 We have statues of what they looked like.
00:32:50.000 It was an African civilization.
00:32:52.000 They were the most advanced people perhaps ever.
00:32:55.000 I'm leaning towards ever.
00:32:57.000 I'm leaning towards ever, too.
00:32:58.000 Because, look, can we think of any other civilization that has survived for 3,000 years?
00:33:05.000 Right.
00:33:06.000 That you can go visit right now.
00:33:07.000 That you can go visit right now.
00:33:09.000 But ancient Egypt, as a culture, survived for 3,000 years.
00:33:13.000 It survived the Greek occupation.
00:33:15.000 It survived the previous Persian occupation.
00:33:17.000 It was only the Romans that brought it low.
00:33:20.000 The Roman occupation of Egypt was the beginning of the end.
00:33:25.000 To put it into perspective, I always use this quote.
00:33:27.000 I forget who came up with this, but it's a perfect analogy.
00:33:30.000 Cleopatra lived closer to the invention of the iPhone than she did to the construction of the pyramids.
00:33:36.000 Even if you use the conventional 2500 BC dating of the construction of the pyramids, which is also under debate.
00:33:45.000 It's under debate.
00:33:47.000 Even if that's true, even if it is 2,500 years ago, the most baffling thing is how did they do it?
00:33:53.000 There's no simple answers.
00:33:55.000 I don't give a fuck what anybody says.
00:33:57.000 There's no simple answers.
00:33:58.000 How did they do it?
00:33:59.000 How did they have such incredible sophistication in their construction methods?
00:34:03.000 How did they get those massive 80-plus ton stones 500 miles down from the mountains with no equipment, no heavy machinery?
00:34:12.000 Whatever they did, I think it's reasonable to say that in a different way, I don't think they had iPhones, I don't think they had email, but they were probably more sophisticated than us today in their ability to manipulate stone and make constructions.
00:34:27.000 They certainly were.
00:34:28.000 And I think they had mastery of techniques that we don't know about yet.
00:34:32.000 And perhaps equipment.
00:34:33.000 And perhaps equipment.
00:34:35.000 The Great Pyramid remains to me an abiding mystery, which despite probably a hundred or more visits to the Great Pyramid and being inside it and spending the night in it and exploring every passage in every chamber.
00:34:49.000 Including the so-called relieving chambers above the king's chamber.
00:34:52.000 I still can't figure it out.
00:34:54.000 I don't understand how it was possible to do this.
00:34:58.000 And then the time span which Egyptology gives us because Egyptology is fixed on the idea that the Great Pyramid is a tomb and only a tomb.
00:35:09.000 And then it was built in about 20 years.
00:35:11.000 23 years.
00:35:12.000 Because if it's the tomb of Khufu, then it had to be built in 23 years because that was his reign.
00:35:17.000 He would start, in theory, building it at the beginning of his reign and it's finished by the end of his reign.
00:35:23.000 That's 23 years.
00:35:25.000 And in the broader span, if you look at the Fourth Dynasty pyramids and even go back to the end of the Third Dynasty, the Pyramid of Zoser, the Step Pyramid, you find that this is a sudden...
00:35:38.000 I think?
00:36:00.000 You do find wonderful chambers and you do find what you don't find in any of the Great Pyramids, which is huge numbers of hieroglyphs and accounts of the person who was supposedly buried in that pyramid.
00:36:11.000 What do you think of Christopher Dunn's work?
00:36:14.000 Christopher Dunn came on the podcast and he explained his theory that he thinks the Great Pyramid of Giza was some sort of a power plant.
00:36:23.000 Yeah.
00:36:40.000 He's a very precise guy.
00:36:42.000 He's an engineer.
00:36:43.000 He understands this kind of thing.
00:36:44.000 And when he looks at particularly at Saqqara, you have this thing called the Serapium, which is an underground labyrinth.
00:36:53.000 And it's got wide corridors through it and then off each side are rooms.
00:36:58.000 And in each room are these gigantic basalt buildings.
00:37:02.000 There are boxes which appear to have held the corpses of bulls.
00:37:07.000 They're like sarcophagi for human beings, but they're on an enormous, gigantic scale, weighing hundreds of tons and cut out of the hardest possible rock, precisely engineered.
00:37:20.000 Everything is exact.
00:37:22.000 And it's that, amongst other things, that is attracting Chris's attention to the A lost technology in ancient Egypt.
00:37:31.000 And then he asked himself the question, well, what was the Great Pyramid if it wasn't a tomb?
00:37:35.000 What might it have been?
00:37:36.000 And he's come to the solution that it was some kind of energy generator, some kind of power plant.
00:37:42.000 Yeah, using chemicals and creating hydrogen.
00:37:45.000 Oddly enough, there's just a recently published archaeological paper.
00:37:50.000 Concerning the step pyramid at Saqqara, which is suggesting that they used hydraulics to lift the big stones up inside there.
00:38:00.000 And that begins to come close to the kind of technology in some ways that Chris is talking about.
00:38:06.000 I think it's worth taking very seriously.
00:38:07.000 I've always had great respect for Chris.
00:38:09.000 I've traveled to Egypt with him.
00:38:11.000 And I think he's done very important work contributing to this.
00:38:15.000 And also looking at the stone vases from ancient Egypt.
00:38:20.000 I remember the first time I was drawn to this mystery, which was...
00:38:27.000 You gave us one of them.
00:38:27.000 This is a 3D print of one.
00:38:29.000 That's a 3D print of one of those vases.
00:38:30.000 Yeah, this is a 3D print of an actual stone vase.
00:38:33.000 And it might be, like, not that exciting to people.
00:38:37.000 Like, oh, what's the big deal?
00:38:38.000 What the big deal is the precision in which this was constructed with handles on it.
00:38:43.000 So it couldn't have been spun on a lathe because it has these two handles that are also cut out of the stone.
00:38:49.000 And everything is precise to within thousands of a human hair, which is bananas.
00:38:56.000 Yeah, it doesn't make sense given what we are taught was the level of technology of Egypt at that time.
00:39:01.000 Now, there is some dispute of where these came from.
00:39:06.000 There is some dispute about the – have these been made in a modern way?
00:39:13.000 And has someone tried to replace – Are we looking at fakes or hoaxes?
00:39:18.000 Right.
00:39:18.000 Are we looking at hoaxes?
00:39:19.000 Well, perhaps in some cases we are, but certainly in others, including those in the great museums in Cairo.
00:39:26.000 They've now moved a lot of the content of the Cairo Museum out to a big museum at Giza, and some of it's in transition, but they have thousands of these things.
00:39:34.000 The thing is, like, even if this was modern technology, we don't know what they did.
00:39:39.000 No.
00:39:39.000 We don't know what modern technology exists that you could take an incredibly hard piece of stone and cut it into this unbelievably precise little vase with handles on it and some bizarre method that we don't know and hollowed out the inside of it and some of them with very thin necks and then hollowed out inside.
00:40:00.000 Like, how?
00:40:01.000 How did you do that?
00:40:02.000 Very thin necks and then this bulbous base to it.
00:40:06.000 It's all perfect.
00:40:07.000 There's another piece which is hard to describe, but it's got a series of three flanges that come across.
00:40:13.000 It's like a wheel, but nobody knows what it is.
00:40:19.000 And it's cut out of incredibly hard rock or cut or shaped in some way.
00:40:23.000 I've never seen a satisfactory explanation for this thing.
00:40:27.000 I wish I could call up a picture, but I don't know.
00:40:29.000 Do you know what it's called?
00:40:30.000 I can't remember.
00:40:31.000 Jamie's a wizard at finding things.
00:40:32.000 I've written about it in Fingerprints of the Gods.
00:40:36.000 I bet Jamie's already found it.
00:40:37.000 Is that it?
00:40:39.000 No.
00:40:40.000 Yes.
00:40:40.000 Top left.
00:40:41.000 That's the one.
00:40:42.000 That?
00:40:43.000 When I first saw that in the Cairo Museum, it's carved from Schist.
00:40:47.000 You know, this thing is...
00:40:48.000 Hard.
00:40:49.000 And when I first saw that in the Cairo Museum, I thought, how on earth did they do this?
00:40:54.000 Why isn't this a big mystery?
00:40:56.000 Why isn't this being seen as a mystery?
00:40:58.000 That looks like a piece of an engine.
00:41:01.000 It does, doesn't it?
00:41:02.000 That looks like something I'd find on my Land Cruiser.
00:41:04.000 Yeah.
00:41:05.000 It looks like part of something else.
00:41:07.000 We're finding a bit of something larger.
00:41:09.000 Wow.
00:41:10.000 That looks to me like some part of some kind of machine.
00:41:15.000 Yeah.
00:41:15.000 That's the only thing that it looks like.
00:41:17.000 Yeah, that's exactly what it looks like.
00:41:18.000 If you know, like, automobiles and parts, and you look at something like that, like, oh, yeah, that goes probably in there somewhere.
00:41:23.000 Exactly.
00:41:24.000 Exactly.
00:41:24.000 And what is its function if it isn't something else?
00:41:27.000 It's difficult to see what function it could have.
00:41:29.000 What is the conventional explanation of what this thing is?
00:41:32.000 Some kind of offering bowl?
00:41:33.000 Click on that, that article.
00:41:37.000 Oh, okay.
00:41:38.000 The Sabu Disc, an ancient Egyptian artifact from the First Dynasty, 3000 to 2800 BC, found in 1936 in North—how do you say that?
00:41:48.000 Saqqara?
00:41:48.000 Saqqara, yeah.
00:41:49.000 Saqqara Necropolis in Mastaba?
00:41:52.000 Mastaba S311. Those are sort of tombs which have got two levels.
00:41:57.000 What an incredible piece.
00:41:59.000 It is an incredible piece.
00:42:00.000 I had never seen that before.
00:42:01.000 There it is, First Dynasty.
00:42:02.000 And of course, you can't actually date the object itself.
00:42:06.000 So they're dating it from context.
00:42:07.000 What they're saying is that it was found in a First Dynasty context.
00:42:10.000 But it may have been a legacy even then.
00:42:13.000 It may have been an old object.
00:42:14.000 Right, because you can't carbon date it.
00:42:17.000 Exactly, but it's at least that old from the context.
00:42:19.000 So it's at least 3,000 years old.
00:42:21.000 They think it was used in brewing beer as a mash rake to mix and even out the mixture of grains and hot water in a big mash ton.
00:42:33.000 I don't know what that means.
00:42:35.000 I don't know either, but I would have thought that if that was your project, you could do it without carving shift into that.
00:42:40.000 Click on that thing.
00:42:40.000 What is the mysterious Egyptian disk?
00:42:43.000 It says it right there.
00:42:45.000 That's it.
00:42:47.000 Can we click on that?
00:42:48.000 Can we go full scale on that so I can see what that looks like?
00:42:51.000 Wow.
00:42:53.000 That's wild.
00:42:56.000 That is such a specific shape.
00:42:58.000 Like, if you're going to just use that to make beer, it seems weird.
00:43:01.000 And it's a lot of work to make beer.
00:43:03.000 You could do it in other ways.
00:43:05.000 That looks like some kind of a fan to me.
00:43:07.000 It looks like something that would be on a belt.
00:43:10.000 You know, like on some sort of a...
00:43:13.000 Something's driving it.
00:43:15.000 It looks like a fan.
00:43:16.000 It could be.
00:43:18.000 It looks like those things underneath it, it looks like that's how you would funnel water or air through.
00:43:24.000 It clearly had a function.
00:43:27.000 Nobody would go to the trouble of creating something as complex and difficult to make as this unless that was a useful function.
00:43:33.000 What is it made out of?
00:43:34.000 Schist, which is a hard stone.
00:43:36.000 That's crazy that that's made out of stone.
00:43:38.000 Yeah.
00:43:38.000 Cut out of one piece of stone.
00:43:40.000 How did you do that?
00:43:41.000 And how are the measurements of that?
00:43:44.000 Oh, look, it's Giorgio.
00:43:45.000 He says it's aliens.
00:43:47.000 I'm just going to guess.
00:43:49.000 Is this thing that's cut out of this incredibly hard stone...
00:43:59.000 Do they have any sort of a guess of how someone would cut something like that out of stone?
00:44:05.000 I've never seen a satisfactory guess.
00:44:07.000 But those like Chris Dunn who are studying the technology of ancient Egypt are confident that we're looking at the traces of a lost technology.
00:44:16.000 We don't know how this was done.
00:44:17.000 Like so much else in ancient Egypt, like we don't know how the 70-ton blocks were raised to become the roof of the king's chamber either.
00:44:24.000 There's so much that we don't know and that's not explained and that is easily written off by abusively arrogant experts who say there's no mystery here.
00:44:36.000 That doesn't look super precise in terms of the radius of it when you're looking at it.
00:44:41.000 It looks handmade, doesn't it?
00:44:44.000 I'm sure it is handmade.
00:44:45.000 The question is how.
00:44:46.000 Right, but you know what I'm saying?
00:44:47.000 So are these vases, right?
00:44:49.000 Yeah, yeah.
00:44:49.000 But there's something about it that's like a little more crude.
00:44:52.000 Yeah.
00:44:52.000 But it probably didn't have to be precise because whatever it did probably set a spin.
00:44:58.000 And it survived through at least 5,000 years.
00:45:00.000 It definitely looks like it was something that spun, right?
00:45:02.000 Because you have that hollowed out piece in the center that you would have an axle on or something along those lines.
00:45:07.000 It looks like it's welded in certain spots too, but like how?
00:45:11.000 Well, how do they weld stone?
00:45:14.000 Apparently they carved that shape out of just one ball.
00:45:17.000 That's crazy.
00:45:18.000 Now that one looks ultra precise.
00:45:20.000 This one might have been remade off of the original, maybe?
00:45:22.000 Click on that, see what that is.
00:45:23.000 I would say that's a remake.
00:45:24.000 Is it?
00:45:27.000 It's not.
00:45:28.000 It's insane.
00:45:28.000 That's even more insane.
00:45:30.000 Because that looks so perfect.
00:45:32.000 Why does that look different than the other images?
00:45:35.000 I don't know.
00:45:36.000 Go back to that one where it's spinning around.
00:45:40.000 Yeah, look at it when it spins around.
00:45:41.000 It looks pretty precise.
00:45:44.000 They do look like they've recreated.
00:45:45.000 Did they only find one and they've recreated it for museums?
00:45:48.000 No, there's one original.
00:45:50.000 I've no doubt people have tried to make copies with modern materials.
00:45:54.000 I feel like we're looking at a few different versions of it.
00:45:56.000 Well, also you've got to think, if it is made out of stone, some of the edges have to be beat up just from being in the ground for thousands of years.
00:46:03.000 It's not the same?
00:46:04.000 Nah.
00:46:05.000 You sure it's not just a different lighting?
00:46:06.000 It just looks all beat up, like the red.
00:46:08.000 Right, it does.
00:46:09.000 It's smooth.
00:46:09.000 The other one was smooth.
00:46:10.000 Right, right.
00:46:11.000 That's smooth.
00:46:11.000 That almost, that does look like a recreation, doesn't it?
00:46:14.000 Yeah, it is.
00:46:15.000 I think that's what we're looking at, a recreation.
00:46:16.000 Okay.
00:46:17.000 Whatever it is.
00:46:18.000 The thing is, where you come to this, there's thousands of objects that defy explanation.
00:46:23.000 What are those, Jamie?
00:46:25.000 Put that back up.
00:46:25.000 What are those things?
00:46:26.000 Do you know what those are?
00:46:28.000 Is this first wheels?
00:46:30.000 Oh.
00:46:31.000 480. 4,700.
00:46:34.000 It's wheels, 1500 BC basically.
00:46:39.000 And that's one of the weirder things about Egypt, right?
00:46:42.000 We don't think they had the wheel.
00:46:44.000 No, they definitely had the wheel.
00:46:45.000 Whether they had the wheel in the old kingdom is another question.
00:46:49.000 But certainly by the new kingdom, by the time of Ramesses, they had wheels, they had chariots.
00:46:54.000 But I mean the people that built the pyramids.
00:46:57.000 2500 BC is not – like when do they think the wheel was invented?
00:47:01.000 Well, it's actually not clear to me when the wheel was invented.
00:47:05.000 I thought the conventional guess of when the invention of the wheel was was post the construction of the pyramids.
00:47:12.000 I believe that's the case.
00:47:13.000 But one of the things about wheel is you have to ask yourself in what circumstances, in what places, in what conditions are wheels useful?
00:47:22.000 There are some conditions in which a wheel is not a useful thing and which is going to get bogged down in the sand and which is not going to be helpful.
00:47:29.000 So the use of sleds was certainly part of how ancient Egyptians moved huge stones and I don't dispute that.
00:47:39.000 The problem is how they then get those stones 300 feet in the air.
00:47:43.000 Right.
00:47:44.000 You can slide anything on wet sand on a sled with enough people pulling it.
00:47:47.000 How do you get it to the top of the King's Chamber?
00:47:49.000 How do you get it to the top of the King's Chamber?
00:47:51.000 That's the problem.
00:47:52.000 How do you fit it perfectly?
00:47:53.000 Perfectly.
00:47:54.000 And I've been up there and I've been in every one of the chambers above it.
00:47:58.000 And each one of them is floored with these 70-ton blocks and is roofed with it.
00:48:02.000 It's so nuts.
00:48:02.000 It doesn't even seem like a thousand years more advanced than us.
00:48:05.000 It seems like thousands of years more advanced.
00:48:08.000 More advanced in a different way.
00:48:09.000 I think this is part of the problem where I've been perhaps misunderstood by Egyptologists when I talk about an advanced civilization.
00:48:15.000 I keep trying to emphasize...
00:48:18.000 That we shouldn't look for ourselves in the past.
00:48:20.000 That if we're going to go back 10,000, 12,000, 15,000 years into the past and talk about a civilization, it's not going to be like us.
00:48:27.000 It's going to be very different.
00:48:28.000 It's going to have different priorities, different ways of looking at things.
00:48:31.000 But one of the things that the ancient Egyptians had, which I'm not aware that any other civilization has had, is the ability to sustain essentially a single culture with a single purpose.
00:48:42.000 Set of spiritual ideas and to sustain that for 3000 years and to keep people happy and fed and well looked after.
00:48:49.000 You know, this is an amazing achievement, amazing stability when you look at it.
00:48:54.000 What our civilization, how old is it really?
00:48:56.000 Can we trace it back to the Romans?
00:48:58.000 Probably not.
00:48:59.000 Maybe 500 years, the beginning of mechanization and so on and so forth in our civilization.
00:49:06.000 Pretty amazing.
00:49:09.000 There's so many mysteries to it.
00:49:10.000 For anybody to pretend that they have all the answers to something as perplexing as Egypt.
00:49:15.000 I think this is an area where I often get criticized.
00:49:23.000 But I think when we look at a civilization and what it is and what it's achieving and why it's so special...
00:49:31.000 When we look at our civilization today, we are fantastic at technology.
00:49:35.000 We are brilliant at science.
00:49:37.000 We can make the best possible machines.
00:49:41.000 And we're a society that is built around production and consumption and a society in which people define themselves in terms of what they own and what they possess and what they produce.
00:49:52.000 And it becomes a very materialistic society, a society that's focused on material things where we define ourselves by our material possessions.
00:50:01.000 Ancient Egypt had a totally different focus.
00:50:04.000 Yeah, they were great at making material things, but that was secondary.
00:50:07.000 Their main thing was...
00:50:08.000 What are we here for?
00:50:10.000 Why are we living this life?
00:50:11.000 What happens to us when we die?
00:50:13.000 They investigated that mystery more deeply than any other culture that I know of.
00:50:18.000 And they were doing so right from the beginning of records.
00:50:22.000 And they were documenting this journey to the afterlife in hieroglyphs.
00:50:28.000 And it's like, what were you documenting?
00:50:30.000 How do you know?
00:50:31.000 How did everyone agree on this particular myth or this story?
00:50:36.000 Unless there was some experience being brought to bear in it.
00:51:06.000 What do you think they're trying to say?
00:51:07.000 Well, I think first of all it's evidence of a remote common origin of this idea.
00:51:13.000 When it's found amongst cultures all around the world that apparently had no contact with one another and are often separated by hundreds or thousands of years, the same idea is found about what happens to us after death.
00:51:23.000 The only reasonable explanation I can come up with Is that they've all inherited this idea and then developed it in their own ways from a remote common source.
00:51:32.000 And that's one of the main reasons that I'm curious about the possibility of a lost civilization.
00:51:36.000 That these spiritual ideas are found all around the world.
00:51:40.000 And they involve the journey of the soul after death and a leap to the heavens.
00:51:46.000 Sometimes it's called an underworld but really it's set in the sky.
00:51:50.000 And this journey that takes place where you are judged on what you've done with your life...
00:51:55.000 This is something else that we avoid in the world today is taking responsibility for our own lives.
00:52:02.000 The ancient Egyptians required you to take responsibility for your life.
00:52:05.000 And if you did not do so, the outcome after death would not be good.
00:52:09.000 You had to You had to celebrate the gift of life.
00:52:15.000 You had to realize the incredible gift that you had been given.
00:52:20.000 And one of the opportunities of that gift is the opportunity to accumulate wisdom.
00:52:25.000 And that's one of the things, hopefully, that we all do as we get older, is get a bit more wisdom and a bit more understanding.
00:52:33.000 But in the case of ancient Egypt, That idea is developed over 3,000 years.
00:52:38.000 And it's essentially the same at the beginning as it is at the end.
00:52:42.000 That the soul – that death is not the end.
00:52:46.000 This is the conclusion of a society that put its best minds at work for 3,000 years on this problem.
00:52:53.000 That death is not the end.
00:52:54.000 We may think it is.
00:52:55.000 Scientists may tell us it is.
00:52:57.000 But when a scientist says death is the end, there's nothing more.
00:53:00.000 We're just physical bodies and when the light goes out, it goes out forever.
00:53:05.000 That's actually not a scientific fact.
00:53:07.000 That's not something that's been investigated or can be investigated.
00:53:10.000 Consciousness itself is so confusing.
00:53:13.000 Just consciousness.
00:53:14.000 Just like what is it and why are we conscious?
00:53:17.000 Is it local or are we tuning into consciousness?
00:53:20.000 And when you die, where does that go?
00:53:22.000 Where's that energy go?
00:53:24.000 Is a soul a real thing?
00:53:26.000 Like, what is the essence of life?
00:53:28.000 What is the essence of human life and human consciousness?
00:53:32.000 Those are perplexing questions.
00:53:33.000 They're very perplexing questions, which actually are of great significance to every one of us.
00:53:40.000 Yeah, I mean, suppose death just is the end.
00:53:43.000 Then that's a way not to have to take too much responsibility for our lives, for the impact that we've had on others, for the pain that we may have caused, or for the joy that we may have caused.
00:53:55.000 If death's the end, there's no up or downside to that, whatever we do.
00:54:01.000 But from the ancient Egyptian point of view, death's not the end.
00:54:04.000 And you have been given the precious gift of life.
00:54:07.000 What did you do with it?
00:54:08.000 And there are moral aspects to that question.
00:54:11.000 There's these 42 assessors.
00:54:13.000 They're called the negative assessors who ask the soul of the deceased questions about what they did in life.
00:54:18.000 And those are all moral questions.
00:54:20.000 They bear some relationship actually to the Ten Commandments.
00:54:25.000 But there's another question which is called the weighing of words and that question is what did you do with the gift we gave you?
00:54:32.000 We gave you the gift of the human life.
00:54:34.000 We gave you the gift of the opportunity to love or to hate at your choice.
00:54:39.000 We gave you the gift to live in a human body, to have this incredible consciousness, to be able to integrate all kinds of information from all kinds of spheres.
00:54:48.000 What did you do with it?
00:54:49.000 Did you leave the world a better place?
00:54:52.000 Or a worse place than when you came into it?
00:54:54.000 Did you hurt and damage and cause pain to others?
00:54:57.000 Consistently, out of wicked intent, not accidentally, but deliberately causing pain.
00:55:02.000 And there are human beings who do that.
00:55:04.000 For the ancient Egyptians, that kind of behavior meant an introduction to Amit, the eater of the dead.
00:55:12.000 And Amit is displayed in the judgment scene.
00:55:15.000 He's a creature, part hyena, part lion.
00:55:18.000 And he sits there and certain souls do not go on.
00:55:22.000 Their journey ends and it ends because of the choices they made during life and because they never took responsibility for what they did.
00:55:31.000 Well, it kind of makes sense.
00:55:32.000 A natural selection of the souls.
00:55:34.000 In a way.
00:55:34.000 If there's natural selection of humans and natural selection of animals that allows them to prosper and to get better and to evolve, it makes sense that that would happen with the soul as well.
00:55:46.000 I'm just so confused as to what the environment was like that allowed these people to keep this insane civilization developing and innovating for so long.
00:56:00.000 That they were so more advanced than anyone else that was alive back then that we're aware of, at least as far as like what we've uncovered, what they left behind.
00:56:07.000 The beautiful art that they made.
00:56:09.000 Yeah.
00:56:10.000 The perfection of their geometry, their incredibly advanced astronomy.
00:56:14.000 All of these things are the hallmarks of a very sophisticated, very advanced civilization.
00:56:19.000 Sure, they didn't have iPhones, but...
00:56:21.000 Yeah, but just the sophistication of the symmetry of the facial structure of the statues.
00:56:27.000 Incredible.
00:56:28.000 Beautiful things.
00:56:29.000 Just bizarrely, bizarrely technologically advanced.
00:56:35.000 Bizarrely.
00:56:36.000 Because to perform something like that, you need incredible tools of measurement.
00:56:40.000 Enormous statues that have faces that are absolutely perfectly symmetrical.
00:56:45.000 How did you do that?
00:56:46.000 Yeah.
00:56:47.000 How'd you stand that up?
00:56:49.000 Well, the answer is we don't know.
00:56:51.000 There's so much that we don't know.
00:56:52.000 And it's that attitude towards the past which I think would be more helpful, is that we have this mysterious...
00:57:05.000 I think we're good to go.
00:57:24.000 We're as recent as 50,000 years ago.
00:57:27.000 And then they shifted it, new finds were made to 110,000 years ago, now 310,000 years ago.
00:57:33.000 We don't really know how far into the past that goes.
00:57:36.000 And we don't know about the Neanderthals and the Denisovans who were also human beings.
00:57:42.000 Certainly they were human, the same species as us because they could interbreed with us.
00:57:46.000 You can't breed with another species.
00:57:49.000 And that takes the journey back even further and that's one of the reasons why I have a problem with the notion that civilization just emerges 6,000 years ago because we had the same kit, the same wiring, the same brains for at least 300,000 years and we weren't doing any of this stuff apparently.
00:58:08.000 I suspect we were but it's not made the record.
00:58:11.000 Well, it seems that what they were dealing with in terms of the resources in the Nile Valley was unbelievably bountiful.
00:58:19.000 It was bountiful.
00:58:20.000 And that's probably one of the reasons before the climate shifted and changed and it became a lot of desert.
00:58:27.000 Before that, it was probably incredibly bountiful and that allowed them to stay there.
00:58:32.000 For a long period of time and not have to worry about food.
00:58:35.000 It certainly did.
00:58:36.000 The bounty, however, goes back much further.
00:58:39.000 This is one of the reasons why I kept on trying to talk about the Sahara during the debate.
00:58:44.000 This vast area, which frankly has not been studied properly by archaeology at all, hardly a fraction of it has been studied.
00:58:54.000 This vast area I'm often accused of creating what they call a God of the gaps argument.
00:59:00.000 I'm saying you haven't looked enough in the Sahara.
00:59:04.000 You haven't looked enough in the submerged continental shelves.
00:59:07.000 You haven't looked enough in the Amazon rainforest.
00:59:11.000 And the argument is that I'm trying to put my lost civilization into these gaps.
00:59:15.000 But these are very special gaps.
00:59:18.000 The submerged continental shelves were...
00:59:22.000 Prime real estate during the Ice Age.
00:59:24.000 That was the place to be, just as it is today, to be near coastlines.
00:59:28.000 The Amazon rainforest was a bountiful place, and the Sahara Desert was green and rich for thousands of years during the Ice Age, with lakes, with rivers.
00:59:39.000 It was the kind of place where a civilization might well have emerged.
00:59:44.000 They find whale bones there.
00:59:46.000 Whales.
00:59:47.000 So anybody who doesn't think there's a mystery in the Sahara Desert, and anybody who really tries to dismiss the notion that most of it hasn't been really excavated, but it really hasn't been.
01:00:00.000 No, it hasn't.
01:00:00.000 It's too vast.
01:00:02.000 It's too vast, and it's too expensive.
01:00:03.000 And the excavation, like, you would have to...
01:00:07.000 You're dealing with a place where how many people even live there?
01:00:13.000 Nobody knows, because it's not been investigated properly.
01:00:16.000 It's a desert, and it's had relatively little attention.
01:00:22.000 We do know there's some amazing rock art from the Upper Paleolithic in Tassili, in Algeria, in the Sahara.
01:00:30.000 But not enough has been done.
01:00:32.000 This is the problem for me with saying archaeology has basically got the story of the human past nailed down, is that there's huge areas which have not been investigated.
01:00:41.000 And I reject the idea that that is a god of the gaps argument because that's not why I'm proposing there was a lost civilization.
01:00:49.000 And that's all I'm doing.
01:00:50.000 I'm not insisting.
01:00:51.000 I'm not demanding that people believe me.
01:00:53.000 I just want to inject this idea into the discussion so that it can be considered.
01:01:01.000 Taken out of context was a little clip where you asked me during the debate, is there any evidence for your lost civilization in what they've found?
01:01:11.000 And I said, in what they've found, no.
01:01:13.000 And then I went on to say, but that brings us to the point of what they've looked for and what they've not looked for, what they've found and what they've not found.
01:01:22.000 That has been taken again and again as me saying that there's no evidence for my lost civilization.
01:01:29.000 Whereas what I'm actually saying is there's no evidence in what archaeologists have studied for a lost civilization because I'm not studying what archaeologists study.
01:01:38.000 I am very happy to use material from archaeologists, and I could not do what I do if I didn't use material from archaeologists.
01:01:48.000 It's a very important basis to my work.
01:01:50.000 However, it's the astronomy.
01:01:52.000 It's the astronomical alignment.
01:01:54.000 It's the precision.
01:01:55.000 It's the precision of the Great Pyramid.
01:01:57.000 It's the myths of a global flood.
01:02:00.000 All around the world.
01:02:02.000 It's a universal story of a massive cataclysm with a few survivors who bring their knowledge to others.
01:02:09.000 This story, this is one of the reasons why I think the Atlantis story, which Flint-Dibble is so opposed to, deserves to be taken seriously.
01:02:19.000 Because it's part of a global tradition.
01:02:21.000 It's yet another flood myth, in fact.
01:02:24.000 It's the story.
01:02:24.000 It's just like those 150 or 200 other flood traditions that come from around the world.
01:02:29.000 And it's not enough for archaeologists to say, oh, people experienced a little local river flood or there was a tidal wave that day.
01:02:37.000 And so they decided that the whole world was submerged with water.
01:02:40.000 That doesn't satisfy me at all.
01:02:42.000 The fact that this is found all around the world, to me, is a memory of something that happened to our ancestors, something so traumatic, something so huge that it's been preserved better than almost anything else from our past.
01:02:54.000 What is your take on the Reichardt structure?
01:02:56.000 Am I saying it right?
01:02:58.000 Reichardt structure, Mauritania.
01:03:01.000 I would not like to say one way or the other because I've not been there.
01:03:05.000 I've not had boots on the ground there.
01:03:08.000 I've not been able to look at it.
01:03:09.000 Yes, it's very intriguing.
01:03:11.000 Very.
01:03:13.000 Also, the salt all around it?
01:03:15.000 Yeah.
01:03:15.000 Whether it shows that at one point in time it was probably submerged, like something happened?
01:03:19.000 Probably was, but you might have to go back many millions of years to get to that point.
01:03:23.000 The honest answer to that question is, I don't know.
01:03:25.000 I'm open-minded on the Richard structure.
01:03:27.000 It's something that I would like to study, but I have not had time to yet.
01:03:33.000 Future work, it's something that I may study.
01:03:36.000 And after studying it, I may come to the conclusion that it's just a remarkable natural phenomenon, of which there are many.
01:03:41.000 Or I may come to a different conclusion.
01:03:43.000 It depends what the evidence shows me.
01:03:45.000 But I try not to spout off on things that I'm not personally acquainted with and don't really know about.
01:03:50.000 Well, good for you.
01:03:51.000 I like to spout it off.
01:03:53.000 It's also like there's so many of those things that people thought were myth, like Troy.
01:03:57.000 Troy, yeah.
01:03:58.000 And they find it.
01:03:58.000 Found by an amateur.
01:04:01.000 Turns out to be a real place.
01:04:03.000 I think the myths are the memory banks of our species, and I don't think archaeology takes them seriously enough.
01:04:09.000 There's a tendency to just dismiss them as fantasies, as things that were made up by the ancients for some bizarre reason of their own.
01:04:19.000 But they're the memories we have from the time before writing, from the time before documents were kept.
01:04:25.000 And they're a precious resource in understanding our past.
01:04:29.000 So it's things like that.
01:04:30.000 And then at the end of the day, to twist what I said, that in what archaeologists have studied, there's no evidence from my lost civilization.
01:04:42.000 I think?
01:04:58.000 And my curiosity about the past with others.
01:05:03.000 But if I'm asked to prove it, I would say don't refer to what I managed to say during a three hour debate.
01:05:09.000 I'd say refer to the eight or so major books that I've written with thousands of pages and thousands of documented footnotes.
01:05:16.000 That's where my argument is in place.
01:05:18.000 And you'll find that that argument is not based on what archaeologists have studied.
01:05:22.000 It's based precisely on what they've not studied about the past.
01:05:26.000 Well, regardless of the argument that Flint tried to put forth, that there's no evidence of what you're saying, the exaggeration of the shipwrecks, the stuff about seeds, the fact is this resonates with a lot of people.
01:05:44.000 This mystery is perplexing, it's confusing, and there's a lot of it out there.
01:05:50.000 It's not like one site like Egypt.
01:05:53.000 There's a ton of sites.
01:05:55.000 Yeah.
01:05:55.000 The Sage Wall in Montana.
01:05:57.000 What do you think of that thing?
01:05:59.000 Again, I will withhold judgment until I have my boots on the ground there and have a look at it.
01:06:04.000 And even then, that might not be enough.
01:06:05.000 I do know that the property owners there are doing a lot of ground-penetrating radar, and there may be results from that.
01:06:12.000 But at the moment, I would not say that's definitely a man-made structure, nor would I say that's definitely a natural structure.
01:06:18.000 I would say that's an intriguing structure.
01:06:20.000 But it is in a geological context where other things like that are found.
01:06:24.000 If I were asked to put money on it...
01:06:25.000 There it is.
01:06:26.000 Yeah.
01:06:27.000 Boy, that looks...
01:06:27.000 I mean, it really is hard.
01:06:29.000 It is hard to resist a conclusion.
01:06:31.000 I mean, it's super hard to resist the idea that that's man-made, and especially if it goes deeper under the ground, and they think it does.
01:06:37.000 They think it goes as deep as...
01:06:38.000 Oh, it does.
01:06:38.000 It goes deeper.
01:06:39.000 That's what the ground-penetrating radar...
01:06:41.000 How far?
01:06:42.000 ...is about, 30 feet.
01:06:44.000 30 feet.
01:06:45.000 In fact, I was yesterday...
01:06:47.000 That looks so man-made.
01:06:48.000 Yeah, it really does.
01:06:49.000 When I look at that photograph, to me, that is a man-made structure.
01:06:53.000 But I realize now, in the environment in which I live, surrounded by archaeologists who are extremely hostile to my work, that it's not in my interest to leap to a conclusion about anything before I've studied it.
01:07:10.000 And I do intend to go to Sage Wall.
01:07:12.000 I was yesterday with Michael Collins, who's the guy who's done a lot of the We're good to go.
01:07:41.000 Yeah.
01:07:42.000 Or even earlier.
01:07:43.000 Right.
01:07:44.000 Or even earlier, which is crazy.
01:07:45.000 Is it part of the lost story of the Americas?
01:07:47.000 There's so much that's been lost, particularly in North America, with the massive destruction that took place during the 19th and 18th and early 20th century.
01:07:59.000 It's reckoned that there were a million mound sites in North America.
01:08:04.000 If you go back to 1500, there's about 100,000 left, which is a lot actually.
01:08:12.000 But most of them are massively destroyed and the other 900,000 have gone, just plowed under, turned into farmland.
01:08:21.000 And how much else of the prehistory of North America has been lost as a result of a process where Where first of all, there was a conviction that the indigenous inhabitants had only been here for a very short time, whereas we now know they've been here for a very long time.
01:08:36.000 And secondly, there was a propagandistic desire not to give too much credit to them.
01:08:41.000 So let's get rid of some of their stuff.
01:08:45.000 I was very disappointed when we were shooting season 2 of Ancient Apocalypse that we were not allowed by the authorities to film in Cahokia, which is one of the great mounds that still survive, because they've been told that I'm a pseudo-archaeologist and that I'm going to mislead the public if I go there.
01:09:04.000 So the best way is just to stop me going there.
01:09:07.000 We tried to film in Moundville in Alabama as well, and again we were denied permission to film there.
01:09:13.000 There's no doubt that archaeology has joined ranks to do their best to prevent me doing what I do.
01:09:20.000 That's so awful.
01:09:21.000 To deny anyone the ability to – especially we're going to put something like this on Netflix where millions of people are going to see it.
01:09:29.000 Deny people the – Just the access through video of experiencing this site and the mystery that's attached to it.
01:09:37.000 Like, who are these people?
01:09:38.000 Why did they build this?
01:09:40.000 What artifacts haven't been discovered that are inside of this thing?
01:09:44.000 And, you know, here's what archaeologists say.
01:09:46.000 Here's an alternative point of view.
01:09:48.000 You're an intelligent member of the public.
01:09:50.000 Make up your own mind.
01:09:51.000 You're being reasonable.
01:09:51.000 That's outrageous.
01:09:55.000 It's a most unfortunate thing.
01:09:58.000 Well, it's not unfortunate that there's a lot of people that are interested in it, though.
01:10:04.000 More and more.
01:10:05.000 It's a fascinating phenomenon.
01:10:07.000 I do see it as an extension of our interest in our own genetic origins, for example.
01:10:13.000 A lot of people, I haven't done it yet, but I'm kind of keen to do 23andMe or whatever it's called.
01:10:18.000 I wouldn't do it.
01:10:19.000 Nope.
01:10:19.000 Not now.
01:10:20.000 No, they sell your data away.
01:10:21.000 They'll sell your data away.
01:10:22.000 Now someone's going to know your exact DNA. Yeah.
01:10:25.000 The whole thing's nuts.
01:10:27.000 Like, I didn't know that they could do that, but apparently they have.
01:10:29.000 Not only that, databases get breached and they find your information.
01:10:34.000 My eldest son, who is half Somali and half English, had his DNA done with 23andMe.
01:10:42.000 And what it showed was that he's 50% African and 49% British and 1% Spanish.
01:10:54.000 And we tried to figure that out.
01:10:56.000 And the answer is that my ancestors came from Cornwall in the southwest of England.
01:11:01.000 And that's where the Spanish Armada washed up.
01:11:04.000 And the survivors of the Spanish Armada washed up and then integrated with the local community and contributed their genes.
01:11:10.000 So, you know, there is an interest in the past.
01:11:13.000 There is an interest in our personal past, our personal origins, our ancestors, who we are.
01:11:17.000 And there's a much broader interest in the story of humanity that has brought us to where we are today.
01:11:22.000 And this haunting feeling that something's missing and that we...
01:11:28.000 But we have a civilization today.
01:11:31.000 I often would like to compare it to a sort of furious – in terms of the level of consciousness, our civilization today is like a furious, petulant teenager.
01:11:43.000 But in terms of what it can do, in terms of the destructive power of nuclear weapons, it's a god.
01:11:49.000 So we have godlike powers with the consciousness of an immature teenager.
01:11:54.000 That's what we're looking at in the world today.
01:11:56.000 And maybe by understanding our past better, by understanding our unity that comes down from the past, maybe we can learn something that would be helpful to us in not carrying on in this way.
01:12:07.000 Because we do live at an inflection point just now.
01:12:11.000 Yeah.
01:12:30.000 And we're reaching a point where those buttons are going to be pressed.
01:12:34.000 We are, as far as I know, the first human civilization that has the capacity to actually wipe itself out completely.
01:12:42.000 We don't need a comet impact.
01:12:44.000 We don't need a solar outburst.
01:12:46.000 We can do it to ourselves.
01:12:47.000 And that requires humanity to make a major step forward in consciousness.
01:12:52.000 And I think making that major step forward in consciousness will be helped by better understanding our own past.
01:12:58.000 I agree.
01:12:59.000 I mean, it's just disturbing how many times we can travel to ancient places like Greece or any place where you go to Rome and realize, oh, there's a thriving civilization here at one point.
01:13:11.000 You were in Greece recently.
01:13:12.000 Yeah, with Brian.
01:13:13.000 You went with Brian Morarevsky.
01:13:14.000 Yeah.
01:13:15.000 Fascinating.
01:13:16.000 Brilliant guy.
01:13:16.000 Brilliant guy.
01:13:17.000 But what a treat it is to have a tour of the Parthenon, the Acropolis with him.
01:13:23.000 Yeah.
01:13:23.000 And, you know, we went to see the site of the Eleusinian Mysteries and All that.
01:13:28.000 It was very, very, very interesting, but just also sobering, because you realize, like, this civilization did not make it.
01:13:36.000 You know, this insane, fascinating, complex civilization crumbled.
01:13:42.000 And the idea that ours can't is one that we kind of hold dear.
01:13:46.000 Like, we're different.
01:13:47.000 We've got it figured out.
01:13:48.000 We're better.
01:13:49.000 But there's so much evidence that that's just a normal pattern of human history.
01:13:53.000 Civilizations come and go.
01:13:54.000 Yeah.
01:13:54.000 We could be gone in 20 years.
01:13:56.000 Yeah.
01:13:57.000 I'd love to take you on a trip to Egypt.
01:13:59.000 I want to go.
01:14:01.000 I want to go.
01:14:01.000 I'll tell you about an idea that was brought to me after the show.
01:14:06.000 I can't talk about it now.
01:14:07.000 Yeah.
01:14:08.000 I'll tell you.
01:14:08.000 I've made friends with Zahi Hawass.
01:14:10.000 I heard.
01:14:11.000 You guys are homies now.
01:14:13.000 Yeah, we're homies.
01:14:14.000 We had a nice dinner together.
01:14:15.000 And it's partly because who needs more enemies and hatred in this world?
01:14:22.000 And I said some very cruel and harsh things to Zahi in the past, and I felt the time had come to apologize for those.
01:14:29.000 So I went to Egypt to apologize to him.
01:14:31.000 Really?
01:14:32.000 And we had a fantastic dinner together.
01:14:33.000 His son joined us.
01:14:34.000 Santa was there.
01:14:35.000 It was very friendly and very positive.
01:14:38.000 I love stories like that.
01:14:39.000 And, you know, we've agreed that we will, if by chance, we get a season three of Ancient Apocalypse, which we may or may not get.
01:14:47.000 I'm not in control of commissioning decisions at Netflix.
01:14:50.000 But if we get a season three of Ancient Apocalypse, I would like it to be entirely on Egypt.
01:14:57.000 Mm-hmm.
01:15:02.000 Whatever one says about Zahi's explosive personality, he's been immersed in ancient Egyptian Egyptology for his whole life.
01:15:10.000 And he has very strong points of view on it.
01:15:13.000 And he's a fun guy in some ways.
01:15:15.000 You know, I imagine that as people get older and wiser and realize the folly of their ways, particularly in their youth, maybe he would be more open to the idea that the civilization is just this civilization, same civilization, but older than you think it is.
01:15:30.000 Yeah, I'm hoping to persuade him of that.
01:15:33.000 I think it'll be an interesting dialogue if we get to have it.
01:15:36.000 I think people for a long time had this concept in their mind that changing the dates somehow negates the accomplishment of the people that lived in the prescribed date.
01:15:49.000 Yeah.
01:15:49.000 You know, the somehow or another...
01:15:51.000 The pushing it back.
01:15:52.000 Yes, the pushing it back somehow or another.
01:15:54.000 And they'll even say it's racist.
01:15:56.000 This is propaganda.
01:15:58.000 This is archaeological propaganda.
01:16:00.000 That's been said to me repeatedly, that I'm suggesting that all the achievements of certain indigenous cultures around the world should actually be handed to a lost civilization, that ideas were brought to them.
01:16:12.000 Yet, weirdly, those same archaeologists recognize that agriculture was introduced to Europe.
01:16:21.000 I think?
01:16:46.000 I've always felt that there were, if there was a lost civilization at all, and I believe there was, but I can't absolutely prove it, I think we're looking at a terrible cataclysm.
01:16:58.000 Part of it happened near Gobekli Tepe.
01:17:01.000 Abu Huraira in Syria was hit by one of those airbursts, absolutely incinerated at that time.
01:17:09.000 A terrible cataclysm with relatively few survivors and that those survivors, just as we would do today, took refuge amongst people who'd made it through the disaster better.
01:17:21.000 And those people who'd made it through would most likely have been hunter-gatherers.
01:17:27.000 Because hunter-gatherers are so resilient and so able to survive disasters, whereas people in a quote-unquote civilized condition are often not.
01:17:38.000 I understand that the hurricanes that are happening in the US at the moment are horrific, horrific natural events which are killing people.
01:17:46.000 But we're talking about something on a scale vastly larger than that.
01:17:50.000 And it's difficult for me to see.
01:17:52.000 We find it hard enough to make it through a hurricane.
01:17:54.000 I find it difficult to see how we could make it through another Younger Dryas impact event or how we could make it through a man-made cataclysm as a result of nuclear war, which is, I suspect and I fear, is much closer than we think.
01:18:09.000 I hate the idea.
01:18:11.000 That nuclear missiles may be flying in my lifetime or the lifetime of my children.
01:18:15.000 But I have to say, honestly, it's a possibility with the state of the world at the moment.
01:18:19.000 And the low state of consciousness of the people who lead us, the leaders and governments are behind this.
01:18:25.000 It's not human beings, individual people who are behind this hatred in the world today.
01:18:29.000 It's leaders and governments who are mobilizing that hatred to serve their own interests.
01:18:34.000 And it's very dangerous.
01:18:36.000 If we didn't have nukes, it would be less dangerous.
01:18:38.000 I agree with you.
01:18:40.000 When you're talking about Gobekli Tepe, one of the things that Jimmy Corsetti has talked about recently in his YouTube show is that they have stopped excavation and they've planted trees above some of the areas,
01:18:55.000 which is very strange.
01:18:57.000 It is, yeah.
01:18:57.000 And they want the excavation to resume in 150 years?
01:19:02.000 Yes.
01:19:02.000 So what would be a logical reason to not excavate these fascinating ancient sites that are at least 11,000 years old?
01:19:13.000 Generally, with any archaeological site, they don't excavate more than 5% of it and often less than 2% of it.
01:19:19.000 Is that because of funds?
01:19:21.000 It's often because of funds, but it's also because of the feeling that as technology improves, more may be learned from these sites in the future.
01:19:29.000 And that's a reasonable argument, because excavation is destruction.
01:19:34.000 To a certain extent, excavation destroys what's being excavated.
01:19:38.000 And therefore, when you interfere with a site and start excavating it, you may be I mean, go back 100 years from where we are at present and you didn't have carbon dating,
01:19:55.000 you didn't have LiDAR, you didn't have...
01:19:59.000 All kinds of methods of dating objects, you know, luminescence, the luminescence from rocks is another way of dating.
01:20:08.000 We didn't have any of those technologies.
01:20:09.000 We do have them now.
01:20:10.000 And so I think the speculation is 100 years in the future, archaeologists may have technologies that would be able to extract more information than this.
01:20:18.000 That's the case that's made.
01:20:19.000 I get it.
01:20:20.000 But I think Gobekli Tepe is such an important site.
01:20:23.000 And we know...
01:20:25.000 I know for sure because I spent three days with Klaus Schmidt who was the original excavator of Gobekli Tepe that underneath that place there are dozens of huge unexcavated stone circles with enormous megalithic pillars in them all under the ground waiting to be excavated and the decision appears to have been made not to excavate them.
01:20:47.000 And I do find that slightly suspicious.
01:20:49.000 I do find it odd.
01:20:51.000 I think the site has got such an important role.
01:20:54.000 It's such an iconic site that to just stop the excavation or to only continue it in a very small way isn't satisfactory.
01:21:04.000 When you say suspicious, like what would be the motivation for discontinuing that kind of excavation other than the fear of destroying things?
01:21:17.000 I don't want to be a conspiracy theorist.
01:21:21.000 Please do.
01:21:22.000 Jump right in.
01:21:23.000 But there is an issue here.
01:21:29.000 I've noticed that it isn't just a tax on me that certain archaeologists are making.
01:21:35.000 It's also a tax on other specialists.
01:21:39.000 For example, Danny Hillman Natawajaja, who is the geologist who brought to the world's attention the mystery of Gunung Padang in Indonesia, which appeared in the first episode of season one of Ancient Apocalypse.
01:21:53.000 The possibility that this site is more than 27,000 years old, that we're looking at a pyramidial structure that has had several phases of work done on it and that the earliest phases go back deep into the last ice age.
01:22:08.000 We're good to go.
01:22:32.000 It's like we don't want too much attention brought to this.
01:22:36.000 Let's crush it.
01:22:37.000 Let's crush it right now.
01:22:38.000 The same thing is happening with the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis.
01:22:41.000 An enormous amount of attacks are being made on that hypothesis rather than considering it as an interesting explanation for the cataclysms at the end of the Ice Age.
01:22:49.000 A lot of people are just focused on trying to destroy it in every way possible.
01:22:54.000 And I can't help wondering.
01:22:56.000 Maybe there's some truth, deep truth to this, that there was a cataclysm, that there was an ancient apocalypse, something really horrific that happened.
01:23:05.000 Maybe it's a cyclical disaster.
01:23:07.000 Maybe it's coming around again.
01:23:09.000 This is something that would lead any government to want to avoid panic, to suppress, to cover up these issues.
01:23:18.000 So that would be the conspiracy theory.
01:23:19.000 I'm not saying I buy it, but I'm saying that it's possible.
01:23:22.000 Would also a conspiracy be that they'd recognize that some of the area around Gobekli Tepe was older still and they decided just the archaeologists didn't want to confront it and they put a stop to it?
01:23:34.000 That's also possible.
01:23:35.000 That's also possible.
01:23:36.000 But in their favor and to their credit, the excavation of that whole area around – not Gobekli Tepe itself but other neighboring sites.
01:23:47.000 Karahan Tepe is the best known.
01:23:49.000 Turkish archaeologists, it's interesting, are calling this now a civilization.
01:23:53.000 They're calling it the Tas Tepler civilization, the Stone Hills civilization.
01:23:58.000 And they're finding that the same iconography, the same building techniques, not quite on the scale of Göbekli Tepe, are repeated all across the region.
01:24:05.000 They extend all the way down to the south of the Jordan Valley, to Jericho.
01:24:09.000 The ancient site of Jericho is part of that lost collection.
01:24:13.000 Or emerging civilization that appeared at the end of the Younger Dryas.
01:24:17.000 Cyprus is another example.
01:24:18.000 I was mentioning about how it was settled in what appeared to have been planned, organized settlement events near the end of the last ice age.
01:24:26.000 Again, you find that same iconography that you find at Gobekli Tepe turning up there.
01:24:30.000 Which iconography specifically?
01:24:32.000 The tendency to use T-shaped pillars, to use certain designs like a V-shaped necklace.
01:24:41.000 This kind of iconography and the structures, these circular structures, semi-subterranean structures that are so characteristic of Gobekli Tepe, they're found there as well.
01:24:51.000 They're found all across the region.
01:24:53.000 Jericho in the Jordan Valley is absolutely intriguing.
01:24:57.000 The massive tower there, which again dates back right to the end of the last ice age, a huge megalithic tower with the world's oldest known tower.
01:25:04.000 There's a megalithic stairway that runs up inside it.
01:25:08.000 So what's emerging as a result, if Gobekli Tepe hadn't been found, none of this would have happened.
01:25:12.000 But it's led to a widespread interest in the whole area.
01:25:16.000 So while excavation may have stopped at Gobekli Tepe or may have slowed down, it is continuing elsewhere across the region.
01:25:24.000 And to be fair to archaeologists, we need to recognize that.
01:25:27.000 Is the size and scale of Gobekli Tepe unique in comparison to the ones that are around it?
01:25:32.000 Yes.
01:25:32.000 So far, the ones that have been found, Gobekli Tepe is unique.
01:25:36.000 And I think it's clear now that Gobekli Tepe itself was the end of a process, not the beginning of a process.
01:25:43.000 It was something that marked – it was a marker.
01:25:46.000 It was something that brought together the best of everything that they'd accumulated and created it in one place.
01:25:53.000 And left it there finally at the end burying it, sealing it as a time capsule which then was untouched for more than 10,000 years before Klaus Schmidt opened it up in 1996. I can't help feeling that's precisely what Gobekli Tepe is.
01:26:10.000 It's a time capsule.
01:26:12.000 It's a memorial to a lost time.
01:26:14.000 And I think that what we're looking at in that whole area is the outcome of contact with an earlier largely lost civilization.
01:26:26.000 I think it passed on its cultural genes right there in that area of Turkey and down into the Jordan Valley and Cyprus.
01:26:34.000 And not only there, also the Indus Valley Civilization.
01:26:37.000 It's incredible iconography, which shows a man between two felines.
01:26:43.000 It's a very striking image.
01:26:44.000 You see a man and two tigers or leopards on either side of him, and he may be holding them apart, he may be gripping them in some way.
01:26:52.000 What is this, so Jamie can find it?
01:26:53.000 You can find it on the Gebel al-Arak knife handle from Egypt.
01:27:01.000 You can find it from Saybuk, S-A-Y-B-U-R-K, in Turkey, the man between two felines.
01:27:11.000 And you can find it in the Indus Valley civilization right across in Pakistan on these steatite seals that they used to make, where again you see that same icon of the man between two felines.
01:27:22.000 And it suggests that cultural ideas way back in the remote past were being spread around the world very, very rapidly.
01:27:29.000 Find anything there, Jamie?
01:27:33.000 I can tell you the...
01:27:34.000 So how much of that area where Gobekli Tepe has been searched with LIDAR? Here it is.
01:27:41.000 Here's the images.
01:27:42.000 Look at that.
01:27:42.000 Wow.
01:27:42.000 Yeah, there we are.
01:27:43.000 That's Harappa.
01:27:44.000 That's from the Indus Valley Civilization, Man Between Two Felines.
01:27:48.000 What do you think that supposedly represents?
01:27:51.000 Nobody knows what it represents, but what's intriguing is that it turns up in so many different places.
01:27:56.000 But I'd like to find the same...
01:27:58.000 Just give me one second just to find something.
01:28:02.000 I hope I'm online here.
01:28:03.000 I am.
01:28:04.000 How many of the areas have been searched with LiDAR?
01:28:10.000 Hang on, Joe.
01:28:11.000 Bear with me.
01:28:11.000 No worries.
01:28:12.000 One minute.
01:28:13.000 This is where I have to take my bloody glasses off.
01:28:15.000 You got to go back and forth?
01:28:16.000 Yeah.
01:28:18.000 I'll show you that.
01:28:19.000 Karen Teppi has some cool stuff that I don't think we've seen before.
01:28:22.000 There's this huge skeletal figure.
01:28:24.000 This one, 12 feet high or something like that.
01:28:27.000 Kind of similar to the Easter Island heads.
01:28:30.000 What's going on down there?
01:28:32.000 It's a hog.
01:28:35.000 What do you think it is?
01:28:37.000 How weird are those structures?
01:28:40.000 You know, but like the way their hands are placed, it's kind of similar to the way the Easter Island hands are placed.
01:28:45.000 Jamie, could I get plugged into the HDMI? Sure.
01:28:50.000 Do you need to?
01:28:51.000 Yeah.
01:28:52.000 Okay, pause please.
01:28:53.000 We'll pause.
01:28:54.000 We'll be right back.
01:28:56.000 All right, we're back.
01:28:57.000 We're back?
01:28:57.000 Okay, we found these images.
01:28:59.000 So this is from, Jamie, maybe you could expand that, the cyborg relief.
01:29:03.000 I think you have to do it.
01:29:05.000 Okay, it's on my...
01:29:06.000 There we go.
01:29:07.000 So this is about 10,000 years old.
01:29:11.000 It's from a site in the area of Gobekli Tepe called Seibuk, and it's gone.
01:29:18.000 Here it is.
01:29:19.000 And it's clearly a man between two felines.
01:29:23.000 And interestingly, he's holding his dick, exactly like that piece that you just showed from Karatepe.
01:29:30.000 And then if we go on...
01:29:39.000 I don't understand what I'm doing with this thing.
01:29:41.000 There it is.
01:29:42.000 So then the Indus Vali, again.
01:29:45.000 I'm controlling what's on the screen.
01:29:47.000 You are.
01:29:47.000 Okay, so there's the man between two felines.
01:29:49.000 Again, expand that.
01:29:52.000 So that particular image, is there any sort of a theory as to what they were trying, what that represented?
01:29:58.000 Human mastery of animals is the only one I've heard that's being suggested.
01:30:03.000 But it seems like they're trying to get them.
01:30:06.000 It does in that case, rather than, or that he's holding them at bay.
01:30:11.000 Keeping them from getting each other.
01:30:12.000 Yeah.
01:30:13.000 And then if you go down to the Egyptian one, which is the Gebel al-Arek knife handle, there it is.
01:30:18.000 That's from ancient Egypt.
01:30:19.000 Same thing.
01:30:19.000 Pre-dynastic Egypt, same thing.
01:30:21.000 Wow.
01:30:22.000 And then the next one is from Tiwanaku in Bolivia.
01:30:25.000 That's a redrawing from Tiwanaku in Bolivia.
01:30:29.000 And again, it's a man between two felines.
01:30:31.000 So when I see this kind of complicated image turning up all around the world, I can't help feeling that there's a remote common source, which is sharing.
01:30:39.000 It's not each culture representing or influencing the other.
01:30:42.000 It's a remote common source that they all share.
01:30:44.000 What's the last one from?
01:30:45.000 Where's it from again?
01:30:46.000 From Tiwanaku in Bolivia.
01:30:48.000 What do you think he's got in his hands?
01:30:52.000 Well, it looks like two felines that he's holding apart.
01:30:55.000 Right, but what are those things that are dangling down?
01:30:57.000 I absolutely have no idea, and I'm not sure if anybody else does, although I'm reminded in that one of the handbags that we see in some of the figures from ancient Sumer.
01:31:06.000 Right, but what is the thing on the left?
01:31:09.000 Again, I don't know, and I don't think anybody does.
01:31:11.000 Why does he have steps on his chest and a wheel?
01:31:16.000 Like, what is that?
01:31:18.000 You know, what is that spiral in the center of his body?
01:31:21.000 It's a spiral of mystery.
01:31:23.000 I honestly don't know the answer to that question.
01:31:25.000 Because like, look, there's a geometric pattern.
01:31:28.000 And it goes up and down with the steps, and it repeats on both corners, that one where it steps up and the other side where it steps down.
01:31:36.000 Very strange.
01:31:37.000 It would be nice if there were written records from Tiwanaku, which told us what it was about, but unfortunately there aren't.
01:31:43.000 Which is very, very bizarre.
01:31:46.000 So what I'm saying is we're seeing a sudden emergence of something that is being recognized as a civilization in Turkey just immediately after Göbekli Tepe, around the time of Göbekli Tepe.
01:31:56.000 And we're seeing it in the Jordan Valley, and we're seeing it in the Indus Valley, and we're seeing it in South America as well.
01:32:03.000 The same iconography keeps on repeating, and I don't think it's a coincidence.
01:32:07.000 The area where the Olmec are, have there ever been LIDAR excavations or...
01:32:15.000 I wouldn't be surprised if they have.
01:32:18.000 Villa Hermosa, the sort of central of the Olmec area, is a very highly populated area.
01:32:23.000 It's been heavily developed.
01:32:24.000 The areas where LIDAR has been used in Mexico and Central America and Guatemala has been finding thousands of Mayan ruins that nobody knew were there before.
01:32:35.000 Again, under the jungle canopy.
01:32:37.000 LIDAR has been used extensively in the Yucatan in Mexico and into Guatemala.
01:32:43.000 As well.
01:32:44.000 But whether it's been used...
01:32:45.000 There we go.
01:32:46.000 Look at that.
01:32:46.000 Hundreds of...
01:32:47.000 And all make ceremonial centers.
01:32:48.000 Wow.
01:32:50.000 This is all...
01:32:51.000 Thank you, LiDAR.
01:32:52.000 So crazy that that stuff was there all along.
01:32:55.000 And nobody knew.
01:32:56.000 And nobody knew.
01:32:57.000 Yeah.
01:32:57.000 And, of course, the Amazon rainforest is an even bigger rainforest than this.
01:33:02.000 And what's hiding in it...
01:33:04.000 Right.
01:33:05.000 ...is a...
01:33:06.000 Right.
01:33:22.000 In terms of the quest for the origins of civilization, the Americas are the most neglected area.
01:33:27.000 Archaeologists haven't looked there.
01:33:29.000 They define themselves as being in favor of indigenous peoples and against any kind of supremacy, but by and large they look to Europe and to the Middle East as the origins of civilization and don't consider that it might have been in the Americas.
01:33:42.000 And what we're trying to show is that the story in the Americas is much older than it's been and that there are mysteries here that have never been explained by archaeology.
01:33:51.000 How much of the Amazon has been explored with LiDAR?
01:33:54.000 A very tiny proportion.
01:33:56.000 I worked with the team who are doing this, and they're solely in the province of Acre in the southwest of Brazil.
01:34:02.000 They haven't worked in other areas.
01:34:04.000 What would be needed, I'm hoping some amazing philanthropist will come forward, and if such a philanthropist will come forward, I can connect him with the people who are doing the work in Acre, that we have a LiDAR survey of the whole of the Amazon.
01:34:17.000 That's what I'd like to see.
01:34:19.000 And it wouldn't be a billion dollar project because it can be done with drones now.
01:34:23.000 It could be relatively cost efficient.
01:34:26.000 That would be incredible.
01:34:28.000 Just imagine what's out there.
01:34:30.000 Yeah.
01:34:30.000 And we have the tech.
01:34:32.000 We can do that.
01:34:33.000 We can do a LiDAR survey of the Amazon.
01:34:35.000 Where specifically did they think that lost city of Z was?
01:34:38.000 And did they try to explore that yet?
01:34:40.000 I think it was in Ecuador or Colombia.
01:34:42.000 I can't remember.
01:34:43.000 That was Percy Fawcett, wasn't it?
01:34:45.000 And kind of...
01:34:49.000 Echo of that earlier discovery of lost cities in the Amazon.
01:34:53.000 These stories won't go away because there is a hidden past in the Amazon.
01:34:57.000 And because there were cities in the Amazon, and God knows what was in them, you know, before the Spanish came along and destroyed everything.
01:35:06.000 God, it seems like that has to be discovered.
01:35:08.000 I mean, that has to be looked at.
01:35:10.000 Just specifically, if we could just find that the lost city of Z was a real place.
01:35:17.000 If we could find it was a real place?
01:35:18.000 Yeah.
01:35:19.000 I wish we could.
01:35:20.000 I mean, just finding...
01:35:21.000 Lost City of Z's electricity in the Amazon rainforest and British explorer Percy Harrison Fawcett.
01:35:26.000 Mato Grosso.
01:35:27.000 Mato Grosso.
01:35:29.000 In Brazil, yeah.
01:35:30.000 Theorized that the city was a refuge of people fleeing the destruction of Atlantis.
01:35:33.000 Whoa.
01:35:34.000 And its wisdom could still be found there.
01:35:36.000 Wow.
01:35:37.000 Yeah.
01:35:40.000 Wow.
01:35:40.000 I think we're going to find the lost city of X and Y as well.
01:35:43.000 I bet.
01:35:44.000 And W. Maybe ABC and D. And possibly ABC and D too.
01:35:47.000 Maybe a bunch, yeah.
01:35:49.000 At the very least, it's clear that not enough is known.
01:35:55.000 Yeah, not enough is known.
01:35:58.000 And I think it's right and proper that we have curiosity about our past.
01:36:03.000 And I think it's unfortunate that people, including myself, who express that curiosity, Without any dogma, but simply are mystified by problems from the past, are so likely to get slapped down and face this abusive power grab by archaeology who are saying the past is ours.
01:36:24.000 You may not intrude here.
01:36:26.000 We will define you as a pseudoscientist.
01:36:28.000 We will call you a hoaxer and a liar.
01:36:30.000 I defy anyone out there to find a single statement I've made that is a lie.
01:36:36.000 And a lie is a knowing untruth.
01:36:39.000 As far as I know, I have never, ever told knowingly an untruth.
01:36:45.000 What a stupid thing to do that would be.
01:36:47.000 That would scupper my whole work.
01:36:50.000 I may have made some honest mistakes.
01:36:52.000 Everybody does, including the most godlike archaeologist.
01:36:55.000 But I have never knowingly told an untruth, and I never would.
01:36:59.000 Of course not.
01:37:00.000 The interesting thing though is— But seriously, I'd like an example because this is thrown at me so many times.
01:37:06.000 You can't be responding to the haters all the time.
01:37:08.000 It's a bad word.
01:37:08.000 But they include archaeologists.
01:37:10.000 I know.
01:37:10.000 But the reality is most people aren't listening anymore.
01:37:12.000 Define the untruths.
01:37:13.000 I don't think that's working anymore because I think enough people have seen your work and enough people have heard you talk and they know that you're reasonable and intelligent and that there's something there.
01:37:21.000 And the more people look at these images, the more people hear.
01:37:25.000 People like Flint just out and out lie to try to dismiss these things.
01:37:29.000 It was most unfortunate.
01:37:30.000 I think he let archaeology down very badly in the way that he manipulated that debate.
01:37:36.000 And I'm sorry it's taken me so long to come back with the fact-checking, but it was necessary to do.
01:37:43.000 And I'm very grateful to a number of completely independent, separate individuals on the internet who have drawn attention to some of what Flint did.
01:37:53.000 One calls himself illegitimate scholar.
01:37:56.000 And the other calls himself dedunking.
01:37:58.000 And they got into this material very, very early and helped me to understand how I'd been duped by this material.
01:38:04.000 Because I took it all at face value.
01:38:07.000 Well, that's the beautiful thing about the internet.
01:38:09.000 There's a lot of people out there that are very invested in these ideas and exploring them.
01:38:14.000 And they also find it very uncomfortable that they're being confronted by these scholars, these people that are supposed to be the ones that are...
01:38:24.000 The experts in this area that are dismissing things that shouldn't be dismissed, that are lying about statistics, just try to diffuse your argument.
01:38:33.000 And there's also that feeling of just being patronized by the so-called experts.
01:38:37.000 Nobody wants to be patronized and feel that somebody else regards them as too stupid to make up their own mind on something.
01:38:43.000 Right.
01:38:43.000 And they think that somehow or another that exploring these ideas dismisses the legitimate work that archaeologists have already done, which I don't think it does at all.
01:38:51.000 Not at all.
01:38:51.000 Archaeologists have done some fantastic work, and it's really important work.
01:38:55.000 What I've realized is that there's almost two different mindsets at work here in looking at the past.
01:39:01.000 I think archaeology is very determined to demonstrate that it's a science, that it's a hard science, that it's completely rational, that it's all based on scientific method and anything that sounds unscientific, which include myths, must be avoided.
01:39:18.000 And also, I do find that archaeology, and it may be true in other sciences as well, is very reluctant to use the imagination.
01:39:25.000 The imagination is seen as a deadly threat.
01:39:29.000 Whereas I think imagination is a really important thing in interpreting the past.
01:39:33.000 We should be open to possibilities rather than coming into what we confront with a closed idea.
01:39:39.000 We should consider how it might have been, what might have happened.
01:39:42.000 Let's use our imagination and think about this.
01:39:44.000 Think what all this means.
01:39:45.000 Think what that common iconography all around the world means rather than just saying, oh, it's a coincidence.
01:39:50.000 Well, in some places, that's your only option, like the Olmec culture, where we don't know.
01:39:54.000 But we have these faces that don't look like – I mean, it's confusing.
01:39:59.000 They look like maybe they're from Polynesia, maybe they're from Africa.
01:40:03.000 Could be Polynesia, could be Africa.
01:40:06.000 And then there are these other faces, which in the video I've put out, I've shown some of these.
01:40:14.000 It's not just myths of a bearded foreigner turning up in the Americas.
01:40:21.000 Which Flint Dibble and other archaeologists say were all concocted and invented by the Spaniards.
01:40:26.000 We discussed that during the debate.
01:40:28.000 I have a real problem with that because that is patronizing to the indigenous people.
01:40:32.000 I think the myths were there amongst the indigenous people and I think the Spaniards saw how they could use them, how they could manipulate them.
01:40:39.000 But I don't think they made up the myths and somehow imposed them upon the indigenous people who then believed that they were their own myths.
01:40:46.000 I don't think they were that stupid.
01:40:48.000 They knew what their myths were.
01:40:49.000 Well, my concern with that line of thinking is that we've seen evidence of that sort of destruction of the real history of people in America with how they forced Native Americans onto reservations and forced them into speaking English and forced them into learning Christianity.
01:41:06.000 There was a concerted effort to erase their history and their culture.
01:41:10.000 And that the conquerors imposed that on the people that were there.
01:41:15.000 But this is a kind of conspiracy theory that's being proposed, that the Spanish Cortes and Pizarro and others who were involved in the conquest of the Americas, that they got together and they created a fiction and then they made the indigenous people believe that fiction.
01:41:32.000 While accepting everything else that the indigenous people believed, that was a fiction.
01:41:37.000 There's no document which says that Spaniards conspired to create these stories.
01:41:41.000 I believe that when we find them in Mexico, when we find them in Peru, when we find them in Colombia, when we find them in Bolivia, we are looking at indigenous traditions.
01:41:51.000 And I have no doubt that the Spanish saw those traditions and said, we can use this.
01:41:55.000 We can take advantage of this.
01:41:56.000 We can exploit this.
01:41:57.000 But I don't think they made up the traditions.
01:41:59.000 So it's possibly a myth of people that came over on ships that look different?
01:42:05.000 Yeah.
01:42:05.000 It's about that.
01:42:06.000 That's about what it comes to.
01:42:08.000 When you hear about things like the lost city of Z, when you hear about all the different times where European explorers did make it to the Americas and spread their diseases, like, well, you're going to have myths from those folks, too.
01:42:19.000 So who's to think that there wasn't multiple versions of that that happened all throughout history?
01:42:24.000 Yeah, I suspect.
01:42:25.000 If it happened in the 1400s, it would probably happen a long, long time ago as well.
01:42:31.000 The whole thing is so interesting and it never ends.
01:42:34.000 And every now and again, a new discovery comes along that pushes back the date of...
01:42:40.000 Humans in specific areas.
01:42:42.000 I mean, look at the Denisovans.
01:42:43.000 They only found out about them in like, what, 2010 or something like that?
01:42:46.000 Very, very recently.
01:42:47.000 I think Santa and I went to Denisova Cave in 2013. Crazy.
01:42:52.000 Something like that.
01:42:52.000 So a whole new branch.
01:42:54.000 Yeah.
01:42:55.000 Previously unknown.
01:42:56.000 Crazy.
01:42:56.000 And there's so much that's unknown about our past.
01:43:00.000 Oh, I know what I wanted to bring up to you today because I saw this online.
01:43:04.000 Maybe you could find it before I could pull it up, Jamie, because you're that good.
01:43:06.000 But there's a scientist that believes there's reason to believe that those hobbit people on the island of Flores, that they exist currently.
01:43:19.000 So this was, yeah, the hobbit-like species of early humans may still be living in the jungles of Indonesia.
01:43:28.000 Interesting theory.
01:43:29.000 Yeah.
01:43:30.000 Well, that's another branch of the human chain.
01:43:33.000 When did they find out about this?
01:43:35.000 It wasn't that long ago either.
01:43:36.000 It certainly wasn't.
01:43:37.000 I think you're looking around 2000s, 2010 maybe.
01:43:42.000 Very, very recent discovery.
01:43:43.000 I wonder what this, the latest Finnish public on Tuesday, Journal of Nature Communications, the 2016 discovery of tiny arm bone and teeth.
01:43:52.000 There's something that these people are considering.
01:43:56.000 I don't know why.
01:43:57.000 Is there any article that says they consider they're still alive today?
01:44:01.000 That's what this one is?
01:44:03.000 But that one...
01:44:04.000 No.
01:44:07.000 It's like a small version of Bigfoot.
01:44:09.000 Yeah, that's it.
01:44:12.000 Okay.
01:44:13.000 Someone sent this to me.
01:44:15.000 Yeah.
01:44:17.000 So why do they think that there might still roam?
01:44:20.000 Well, this is just because of anecdotal stories, right?
01:44:23.000 Because there have been multiple stories that people that live in the deep rainforest have said that they've encountered these little hare creatures.
01:44:32.000 Why not?
01:44:33.000 Why not?
01:44:33.000 Why should it be impossible?
01:44:35.000 It has a parallel with the Bigfoot story, of course, a different size of creature.
01:44:40.000 But maybe creatures have survived, which we think are extinct.
01:44:44.000 Especially small populations of them that are very remote and very difficult to get.
01:44:48.000 There are reports of sighting by more than 30 eyewitnesses, all of whom I spoke with directly, and I conclude the best way to explain that they told me what they told me is a non-sapiens hominin has survived on Flores to the present or very recent times.
01:45:01.000 Fascinating.
01:45:03.000 Yeah.
01:45:03.000 I would love to hear their stories.
01:45:06.000 Oh, imagine trying, maybe AI could decipher their language.
01:45:10.000 Imagine they found them.
01:45:11.000 You know how nutty it would be if they found a little three-foot-tall hairy human being that's still alive?
01:45:16.000 Oh my goodness.
01:45:17.000 Just for clarity, he made this claim and put out a book, so it might be like, come read my book, you know.
01:45:24.000 Well, it's a good thing to do if you have a good theory.
01:45:26.000 I mean, yeah, for sure.
01:45:29.000 I know what you're saying, though.
01:45:30.000 I know what you're saying.
01:45:31.000 I hope it's true, of course.
01:45:34.000 Of course.
01:45:35.000 Of course.
01:45:35.000 Because it's fun.
01:45:36.000 It's fun to hope it's true.
01:45:37.000 All of it's fun.
01:45:38.000 That's what I'm so grateful to the universe for and so grateful to my readers for is that I have been given this opportunity to live a fun life.
01:45:52.000 And to travel the world and to investigate mysteries and to put across my point of view on those mysteries.
01:46:01.000 I couldn't do any of that if it wasn't for my readers.
01:46:05.000 I've never had sponsorship.
01:46:06.000 I've never sought anybody to fund me to do anything.
01:46:10.000 I started out massively in debt.
01:46:13.000 I've got to the place now where I can travel whenever I want and explore places.
01:46:17.000 And that's all down to my readers.
01:46:19.000 It's not just me.
01:46:20.000 It's me and my readers that are making this possible.
01:46:23.000 And I'm enormously grateful to them.
01:46:25.000 And these days, my viewers as well.
01:46:28.000 You're a very lucky man.
01:46:29.000 I was going to say that earlier when you were talking about how you've never taken a vacation.
01:46:32.000 I'm like, Well, you haven't, but your whole life's a vacation.
01:46:35.000 Exactly.
01:46:36.000 That's why I don't see – I'm 74 years old now.
01:46:38.000 I don't see myself retiring.
01:46:40.000 The idea of retirement is just out of the question.
01:46:43.000 You try to retire, I'll go find you.
01:46:45.000 I'm going to go grab you, drag you out.
01:46:48.000 Give you some vitamins.
01:46:49.000 I love doing what I do.
01:46:50.000 And I hope it's contributed something useful to the world rather than just flim flam.
01:46:57.000 Oh, no.
01:46:57.000 It most certainly has.
01:46:58.000 It most certainly has.
01:47:00.000 You know, I first found out about you because of Fingerprints of the Gods.
01:47:03.000 And one of the things that I found most fascinating when I started going into your work was the idea that the Ark of the Covenant exists in Ethiopia.
01:47:13.000 That's what brought me into this field.
01:47:15.000 Before that, I wrote all about current affairs.
01:47:17.000 That story is so nuts and it sounds so ridiculous and people go, what?
01:47:20.000 The Ark of the Covenant is real?
01:47:21.000 But then when you go into the history of these people that live there and they all suffered radiation poisoning and it's like, wait a minute.
01:47:29.000 Cataracts over their eyes.
01:47:31.000 And let's not forget that there's an indigenous population of Old Testament Jews in Ethiopia, the Falashas, who have their own story about how the Ark of the Covenant Got there.
01:47:43.000 Right.
01:47:44.000 Different from the Ethiopian national epic, which is called the Kebra Nagast, the glory of kings.
01:47:49.000 That's why I got into this field.
01:47:50.000 I was a current affairs guy, and Ethiopia was on my beat.
01:47:53.000 And I just kept on coming across this story.
01:47:56.000 And I realized it was central to Ethiopian culture.
01:47:58.000 And I decided to investigate it and explore it.
01:48:01.000 And it led to the sign and the seal, which was published in 1992. And that's what set me on the path to fingerprints of the gods and everything that followed that.
01:48:10.000 So who is getting the cataracts?
01:48:13.000 The guardian of the ark.
01:48:15.000 This is a monk who is appointed.
01:48:18.000 The place is Axum in the province of Tigray in northern Ethiopia.
01:48:22.000 It's a massively interesting place.
01:48:26.000 Axum has these huge granite stele.
01:48:29.000 They're very similar in many ways to ancient Egyptian obelisks.
01:48:33.000 They're a bit different in shape, but same sort of height, some of them going 110 feet high, cut out of solid granite right up there in the highlands of Ethiopia.
01:48:43.000 And then they have an ancient church, the Church of St. Mary, Cathedral actually of St. Mary of Zion, where the Ark apparently was kept for hundreds and hundreds of years.
01:48:52.000 Before that it was kept elsewhere.
01:48:54.000 And then now it's been moved into a chapel that stands next to St. Mary of Zion Cathedral.
01:49:00.000 And that chapel is guarded by armed men.
01:49:04.000 The whole town is an armed camp that is protecting what they believe to be the Ark of the Covenant, but it's guarded particularly by one guy.
01:49:12.000 I think we're good to go.
01:49:26.000 We're good to go.
01:49:54.000 And no one is going in there and trying to get to the bottom of it?
01:49:57.000 They won't let you?
01:49:58.000 They won't let you.
01:50:01.000 Can I bribe them?
01:50:02.000 No.
01:50:04.000 It seems like someone should go, look.
01:50:06.000 What the hell is that?
01:50:08.000 What's in there?
01:50:09.000 I mean, if we really find out the Ark of the Covenant was an actual object...
01:50:13.000 I think it was an actual object.
01:50:15.000 And you think it was some nuclear something or another?
01:50:18.000 I don't know what it was.
01:50:19.000 I think it's what is rightly described as an out of place artifact.
01:50:24.000 Because if you look at the description in the book of Exodus, the very precise dimensions of it, I think in modern terms we'd say three feet nine inches long by two feet three inches high and wide.
01:50:36.000 It's got a layer of gold.
01:50:37.000 It's got a layer of wood.
01:50:38.000 It's got another layer of gold.
01:50:39.000 It's very precisely specified like a blueprint in the book of Exodus.
01:50:42.000 And then it does all this stuff.
01:50:44.000 It shoots out jets of fire and kills completely innocent people.
01:50:49.000 It kills 50,000 Philistines in the city of Ashdod when they briefly capture it from the Israelites and make the mistake of...
01:50:57.000 Treating it like a tourist object and they open the Ark of the Covenant and look inside and suddenly everybody in that city is dying and what they're dying of is cancerous tumors.
01:51:06.000 This is described in the Old Testament.
01:51:10.000 So it's intriguing that this object is so precisely specified and is reported to have done these terrible things.
01:51:17.000 It's just insane that we know where it is.
01:51:19.000 Well, we know that—I believe Ethiopia has a very strong claim to it, but that's all I can say because I've not seen it myself.
01:51:26.000 I've been right outside the door of that sanctuary chapel several times.
01:51:30.000 Did you bring a Geiger counter?
01:51:31.000 No.
01:51:32.000 That would be a good thought.
01:51:33.000 Yeah.
01:51:34.000 Imagine it was going nuts.
01:51:36.000 That would be a good thought.
01:51:38.000 I mean, it's not like it's going to be, if it's radioactive, it's not like it's going to be contained, just this one small area.
01:51:43.000 You're going to have traces of it that leak out.
01:51:45.000 That's true.
01:51:47.000 Especially if people are getting cataracts from being in the room with it.
01:51:50.000 Yeah.
01:51:50.000 And so three different people you talk to have cataracts from that.
01:51:53.000 Yeah.
01:51:53.000 And they all blame the Ark.
01:51:54.000 And one of them, it's a resonant phrase, which sticks in my memory.
01:51:58.000 I asked him why, and he said, the Ark is a thing of fire.
01:52:04.000 Just that.
01:52:05.000 Did he describe it to you?
01:52:07.000 He did describe it as a box, rather like the biblical description, unsurprisingly.
01:52:12.000 Did he describe what it looked like, like the outside of it?
01:52:15.000 Gold.
01:52:16.000 Gold?
01:52:17.000 Gold.
01:52:18.000 Wow.
01:52:19.000 And, of course, gold is a very good insulator against radiation.
01:52:24.000 I don't want to go too far down this track.
01:52:26.000 To me, the fascinating thing is that Ethiopia is the only country in the world that actually claims to have the Ark of the Covenant.
01:52:34.000 That it's central to religion and culture in Ethiopia today.
01:52:38.000 That there's much to support that argument, particularly in the form of the Falashas, the Ethiopian Jews, and their very ancient traditions about how they got to Ethiopia in the first place.
01:52:48.000 In context to all of that, I think Ethiopia has a very good claim, very interesting claim, and that's why I wrote a book about it.
01:52:57.000 That one to me is just like, we know where it is.
01:53:01.000 That one to me is so crazy that someone is keeping that information from the rest of the humans.
01:53:06.000 Because if we found out the Ark of the Covenant was in fact a real object and we know where it is and it does match the description of the Bible, that kind of changes everything.
01:53:15.000 Now all of a sudden the Bible is not just stories and myths.
01:53:18.000 The Bible is some sort of a historical record.
01:53:21.000 Yeah.
01:53:21.000 Well, let's not forget that one of the world's best known flood myths also comes from the Bible, which is the flood of Noah, which again is part of this worldwide tradition of which I am absolutely convinced Atlantis should be understood as a part of that worldwide tradition of a global flood and the loss of a former civilization.
01:53:39.000 And again, it's one of the reasons why I've done the work I've done over these years.
01:53:43.000 So when you're doing season two, what did you learn from doing season one that you applied to season two?
01:53:50.000 Was there anything different about the way you went about it?
01:53:53.000 Yes, definitely.
01:53:54.000 I have learned from the criticisms of archaeologists and one of the first things that became very clear to me, and they're absolutely right, is we need more indigenous voices in this series.
01:54:08.000 And that's what we've made sure to do.
01:54:10.000 We have an amazing archaeologist, indigenous archaeologist from Easter Island.
01:54:16.000 We spent quite a bit of time filming in Easter Island and it's a strong...
01:54:20.000 This series doesn't do country by country episodes.
01:54:23.000 It's all merged together.
01:54:25.000 Different bits of the story come together in each episode.
01:54:28.000 But a good chunk of it is on Easter Island.
01:54:31.000 And there, Sonia Hoa Cardinale is an indigenous Easter Islander.
01:54:37.000 Her married name is Cardinale because she married an Italian guy.
01:54:41.000 And she gave us incredible material on Easter Island.
01:54:46.000 And she revealed that she and her team have found what are called banana phytoliths.
01:54:51.000 Now, phytoliths are a minute part of the banana plant.
01:54:54.000 They've excavated them from a crater in Easter Island, and they found that those are 3,000 years old.
01:55:02.000 Now, this is interesting for two reasons.
01:55:04.000 Firstly, bananas do not propagate naturally.
01:55:08.000 You can't get bananas to Easter Island without human beings bringing them there.
01:55:12.000 That's how they got there.
01:55:14.000 And secondly, the date that she's found 3,000-year-old banana phytoliths in Easter Island blows out of the water the notion that Easter Island was only settled 1,000 years ago or less, which is the current idea of archaeology.
01:55:29.000 Again and again, we've had indigenous...
01:55:31.000 Guests on the show who have brought real important information to it.
01:55:35.000 Amongst those geoglyphs in Brazil, we had a member of the Apurina people who is a caretaker for those geoglyphs.
01:55:45.000 And he talked to us about what is special to him about the geoglyphs, about how this is a sacred place to his tribe and how they still gather there today and how they...
01:55:58.000 Understand that it's somehow connected to the journey to the next world, to the journey of life after death.
01:56:04.000 And that then rings a bell in my mind of that whole idea of a journey to the afterlife and a portal through which we pass into that other realm.
01:56:13.000 We find that right there in Brazil.
01:56:15.000 So if the Easter Island was settled at least 3,000 years ago, do we know where from?
01:56:26.000 Well, 3,000 years ago, you're still within the period of the Polynesian expansion.
01:56:31.000 This is not the Ice Age.
01:56:33.000 This is more recent.
01:56:34.000 It's early in the Polynesian expansion rather than late.
01:56:37.000 Easter Island was seen as one of the last places that the Polynesians got to.
01:56:42.000 This new evidence is suggesting it may have been one of the first places that the Polynesians got to.
01:56:47.000 But the question that arises is, did they find the Moai already in place when they came there even 3,000 years ago?
01:56:54.000 And I think there's a lot of evidence for that.
01:56:57.000 I think that this is going to make archaeologists absolutely furious with me.
01:57:02.000 But I hope that I'm paying full respect to indigenous traditions.
01:57:09.000 We had an amazing Easter Island elder who told us the tradition of the lost land of Hiva.
01:57:19.000 Easter Island has its own flood myth.
01:57:22.000 They say that there was a huge land in the Pacific, far, far away, called Hiva, and that it was destroyed in a flood cataclysm.
01:57:34.000 And that there were survivors, specifically seven wise men.
01:57:38.000 That's another thing that is found all around the world.
01:57:41.000 It's found in ancient Sumer.
01:57:42.000 It's found in ancient Egypt.
01:57:43.000 It's found almost everywhere.
01:57:45.000 Specific seven wise men who came and settled Easter Island after this great cataclysm.
01:57:51.000 So it's great to have indigenous testimony on that.
01:57:54.000 And then you have the mystery of the Easter Island script.
01:57:56.000 How did that happen?
01:57:58.000 How come this tiny island, which only ever had a population of a few thousand, did something that is normally only done by big civilizations, which was create a written script?
01:58:09.000 But they have a script, the Easter Island script, and it's written on wooden boards.
01:58:13.000 And we learned that the boards we see today, none of which, by the way, are in Easter Island now.
01:58:18.000 They're all in museums around the world.
01:58:20.000 They themselves were copies of copies of copies of earlier wooden boards that wore out and these things go back far into the remote past as far as the indigenous people of Easter Island are concerned.
01:58:31.000 And to have a fully formed elaborate script which nobody can interpret today, you have to remember the tragic history of Easter Island.
01:58:40.000 There was a point where Easter Island's population was reduced to just 11 people.
01:58:46.000 And it was reduced to 11 people by Peruvian slave raids.
01:58:49.000 They came and slaved the people of Easter Island and they took them to work in Peru and put them elsewhere in the Pacific.
01:58:56.000 Eventually there was a movement to restore them to their homeland and gradually people came back.
01:59:01.000 But at one point its population was reduced to 11. We're good to go.
01:59:31.000 It wouldn't need to communicate in that way, and yet it had its own script.
01:59:34.000 And this script, can we see what it looks like?
01:59:38.000 Can you find the Easter Island script, Jamie?
01:59:40.000 If you look up the word rongo-rongo, R-O-N-G-O, rongo-rongo tablets.
01:59:46.000 One of the things that's interesting about AI is that they believe that AI is going to be able to determine or decipher, rather, a bunch of different things that we currently can't.
01:59:56.000 Oh, wow.
01:59:59.000 That's crazy.
02:00:01.000 It bears some curious similarities to the Indus Valley script, which has also not been deciphered.
02:00:08.000 Let's hope AI can decipher both of them.
02:00:10.000 Look at that.
02:00:11.000 That's so strange.
02:00:12.000 The way it runs is you read from left to right along the top row, then you go from right to left along the next row, Then you go from left to right along the next door and so on and so forth, a sort of snake-like.
02:00:23.000 How do they know that?
02:00:25.000 Because that's one of the memories that's been preserved by the Easter Islanders and because of the way they all run on.
02:00:29.000 And what do they think it represents?
02:00:32.000 According to Leo, the elder who we talk to in Easter Island, it contains memories of the past.
02:00:39.000 It contains memories of the past in Easter Island, instructions on how to navigate the Information about the stars and information about how to live as a community.
02:00:49.000 Wow.
02:00:50.000 But in a language that we don't know.
02:00:53.000 Nobody knows it.
02:00:54.000 All we have is an oral tradition which itself is very fragmented and very faint because of that reduction of Easter Island's population to just 11 people.
02:01:02.000 And the fact that the elders who were, within historical times, able to read these tablets were all wiped out.
02:01:09.000 How did they decipher cuneiform?
02:01:13.000 Cuneiform, I think, because of its relationship to later languages, which were known.
02:01:18.000 I mean, cuneiform is a writing system.
02:01:21.000 You find the earliest version, I think, amongst the Sumerians and then in later Babylonian society as well.
02:01:27.000 But when you have a language and you have a language that it's related to that you can read or where you have a text in two different languages but it's the same text, then you're in a place where you can begin to translate it.
02:01:44.000 That's what the Rosetta Stone does in ancient Egypt because we have it in the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs but we also have it in Greek.
02:01:51.000 And that's why suddenly the code of the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs was cracked because of the Rosetta Stone.
02:01:57.000 Well, there isn't a Rosetta Stone for the Easter Island script or for the Indus Fali script.
02:02:02.000 But I think in the case of the cuneiform, there was something similar, some context to place it in.
02:02:07.000 So the Easter Island, these enormous statues, one of the things they found, and I don't know when they started doing this, they dug deeper and deeper and deeper and found out that the heads that are above the surface are just a tiny part of it.
02:02:20.000 So do you think that it's just natural erosion that covered up everything else?
02:02:25.000 No.
02:02:25.000 I think it's a very complicated issue.
02:02:30.000 The issue of erosion, it's not so much erosion, it's the deposition of sediment.
02:02:35.000 It's the deposition of sediment.
02:02:37.000 Over time.
02:02:38.000 Over time.
02:02:38.000 And what we're looking at with these Easter Island heads.
02:02:41.000 I was fortunate to know...
02:02:43.000 There we are.
02:02:44.000 And I was just going to say, I was fortunate to know Thor Hardal.
02:02:47.000 And there he is, in the blue safari suit, standing at the shoulder of the Easter Island Moai.
02:02:54.000 And you can see that the dark bit is the bit that was above ground.
02:02:58.000 And then they dig down and they find that it goes down 30 feet underground, this enormous thing.
02:03:05.000 And this is not as a result of being exposed by erosion.
02:03:11.000 This had to be...
02:03:13.000 Excavated in order to reveal it.
02:03:15.000 And the issue is, on this tiny island, if this thing is only 700 years old, which is something that archaeologists often say 700 or 1000 years old, if it's only that old, how do you get 30 feet of sedimentation on this tiny island in just 700 years?
02:03:32.000 It looks like a much longer period that would be required to create that depth of sedimentation.
02:03:38.000 So how much time do you think, I mean, has there been speculation, like just natural layers of sediment being dropped down?
02:03:47.000 How long would it take to cover something like that?
02:03:49.000 Well, this is where I'd like to defer to the work of Dr. Robert Schock, who's a brilliant expert in this field.
02:03:56.000 We invited Robert Schock to join us in Season 2 of Ancient Apocalypse, but he...
02:04:01.000 I think that's unfortunate because I think Robert Shock has done breakthrough work on Easter Island.
02:04:07.000 And it's Robert Shock who first realized that this is a problem.
02:04:11.000 This deep burial of these statues by natural sedimentation is a problem.
02:04:16.000 It's a chronological problem that speaks to these statues being much older than we imagine they are.
02:04:22.000 Is Robert Schock declining because of the criticism that he received about the Temple of the Sphinx?
02:04:29.000 I'm not sure why.
02:04:32.000 I've always regarded Robert as a good friend, but he and I have not spoken since 2015. On purpose?
02:04:40.000 Well, I would love to speak to Robert.
02:04:43.000 Does he try not to talk to you?
02:04:44.000 And I take every opportunity to express my admiration for him.
02:04:48.000 And Robert has been very brave.
02:04:51.000 He's a credentialed geologist and he has stuck his neck out on the Sphinx.
02:04:55.000 And a lot of people want to cut his head off for doing that.
02:04:58.000 And I appreciate his courage.
02:05:00.000 And I appreciate his openness of mind and his willingness to get into this.
02:05:04.000 But I don't know.
02:05:05.000 Somewhere between...
02:05:07.000 2013, we were still good friends.
02:05:09.000 We traveled to Gunung Padang together in 2013. What year did he do the podcast, Jamie?
02:05:15.000 He did our podcast back in the day.
02:05:17.000 I want to say it was around 2015, 2016. Six years ago?
02:05:24.000 Okay.
02:05:27.000 So, 2018. Maybe that's why I stopped being your friend.
02:05:31.000 No, I don't know why it is.
02:05:34.000 Maybe I did something that offended him.
02:05:35.000 Sometimes I can be very unpleasant.
02:05:38.000 Ah, you're a nice guy.
02:05:40.000 Get out of here.
02:05:40.000 Well, we're all nice guys, but we all have a dark side.
02:05:43.000 And sometimes I am very harsh and very unpleasant.
02:05:46.000 I don't think I was with Robert.
02:05:47.000 I don't understand what the problem is between us.
02:05:49.000 He and I disagree over the cause of the Younger Dryas cataclysm.
02:05:53.000 Robert Schock believes that it was a massive solar outburst that brought this catastrophe about, and he focuses on the end of the Younger Dryas, 11,600 years ago.
02:06:02.000 I'm more of the view that the Comet Research Group is right, and that we're looking at the effect of largely of airbursts of large cometary fragments right across the surface of the Earth.
02:06:12.000 Why are they mutually exclusive?
02:06:26.000 An extraordinary global cataclysm, which changed everything, which extinguished all the megafauna of the Ice Age.
02:06:32.000 We agree on that, and we agree that it likely wiped out a lost civilization of the Ice Age as well.
02:06:37.000 We disagree on the mechanism, but I don't see why we shouldn't be friends for that.
02:06:41.000 So, Robert, if you're listening...
02:06:43.000 If you're listening, please, let's work together because we have many common enemies.
02:06:49.000 And that's one of the problems with the alternative side is that there's a lot of infighting in the alternative side and everybody's scrambling for their own bit of turf.
02:06:58.000 Whereas the archaeological side, they're very unified in terms of attacking what they call pseudo-archaeology.
02:07:05.000 They work as a team and that teamwork makes them very efficient.
02:07:10.000 We're very inefficient on the alternative side.
02:07:13.000 Well, I'm assuming, I shouldn't be assuming, but I'm assuming it's the criticism.
02:07:18.000 He probably wants to keep his job and he said everything he wants to say.
02:07:23.000 I'm not sure.
02:07:24.000 I think Robert is open to doing television.
02:07:27.000 The fact is we invited him to come to Israel and to give his point of view and he declined.
02:07:33.000 And therefore he must have a strong reason to do that.
02:07:36.000 I hope he still loves you.
02:07:38.000 I hope so, too.
02:07:40.000 Has anybody speculated about how much time it would take to cover those Easter Island statues with sediment?
02:07:46.000 Thousands of years.
02:07:47.000 Thousands of years.
02:07:49.000 30 feet of dirt.
02:07:52.000 Remember, it's a small island.
02:07:54.000 It's in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
02:07:55.000 It's 2,000 miles from Tahiti and 2,000 miles from the coast of Peru.
02:07:59.000 It just seems strange that there's so many of those statues in this one area, too.
02:08:02.000 What did that island signify?
02:08:04.000 Why did they do that?
02:08:06.000 Well, it's what it calls itself, the navel of the earth.
02:08:11.000 It calls itself the navel of the earth.
02:08:13.000 And it's not the only place.
02:08:14.000 Delphi in Greece calls itself the navel of the earth.
02:08:18.000 Heliopolis in Egypt close to Giza was a navel of the earth.
02:08:22.000 Angkor, what in Cambodia, is a navel of the earth.
02:08:26.000 Gobekli Tepe means...
02:08:28.000 The navel, the hill of the navel.
02:08:47.000 Did sail the oceans and I'm not surprised that we haven't found their ships since we haven't found the ships for those who sailed to Australia or for those who sailed to Cyprus either.
02:08:57.000 But it had abilities that we do not attribute to period of that time and those abilities included the ability to calculate longitude, something that our civilization didn't crack until the 18th century.
02:09:09.000 And I suggest it's only a theory that these multiple navels of the earth around the world were fixed points on the earth where longitude connections were made.
02:09:23.000 They were established places.
02:09:24.000 So I do not think it's an accident.
02:09:27.000 That Angkor Wat is 72 degrees of longitude east of Giza, because that number 72 occurs in ancient myths all around the world and is strongly connected to this phenomenon called precession of the equinoxes,
02:09:44.000 which, first of all, it changes the pole star.
02:09:48.000 At the moment, the Earth wobbles on its axis, but it's a very slow wobble over 26,000 years.
02:09:54.000 It changes the Polestar.
02:09:55.000 Now it's Polaris.
02:09:56.000 In the past it was Tuban.
02:09:59.000 In the past it was Draco.
02:10:00.000 But now it's Polaris.
02:10:03.000 Because the extended North Pole of the Earth is spiraling in the heavens and it's pointing at different bits of space over a roughly 26,000 year period.
02:10:12.000 25,920 years to be exact.
02:10:15.000 One degree of precession takes 72 years to unfold.
02:10:19.000 That's why the fact that the relationship of the Great Pyramid to the Earth being on the scale of 1 to 43,200 is interesting.
02:10:27.000 If it was on the scale of 1 to 57,000, I couldn't care less.
02:10:30.000 But 43,200 is one of those numbers that we find in mythology and traditions all around the world.
02:10:37.000 And there's very solid scholarly backing for this in a book I've mentioned to you before, which is called Hamlet's Mill by Giorgio de Santillana and Hertha von Deschen.
02:10:47.000 Giorgio was professor of history of science at MIT. They draw attention to this, that there appears to have been a very ancient knowledge of this obscure astronomical phenomenon.
02:10:57.000 Which our culture attributes to the Greeks and thinks only goes back a couple of thousand years.
02:11:02.000 Santillana and Vendetian were of the view that it goes back to what they called some almost unbelievable ancestor civilization of the remote past.
02:11:11.000 How could they even know that that was happening?
02:11:14.000 By what method could they make those calculations that the Earth wobbles on its axis every 26,000 years?
02:11:21.000 You have to observe for more than one human lifetime.
02:11:25.000 You've got to keep observing.
02:11:26.000 And then extrapolate the wobble?
02:11:28.000 Well, you may have to observe for hundreds of years.
02:11:32.000 To conclude that it's a wobble is another thing.
02:11:36.000 But to conclude that the skies are changing at a regular fixed rate, that's going to take observation over a few hundred years.
02:11:44.000 Seventy-two years is one human lifetime.
02:11:46.000 In that seventy-two years, the precessional shift would be the equivalent of the width of your finger held up to the horizon.
02:11:53.000 Very hard to note.
02:11:54.000 But if you extend it for several hundred years, it'll be very clear that something is going on.
02:11:58.000 And what's going on is the constellation that rises behind the sun, particularly notable at key moments of the year, the summer and winter solstice and the spring and autumn equinox and the age in which we live.
02:12:15.000 Of course, astrology is another one of those things that archaeologists despise.
02:12:19.000 But as anybody who follows astrology will know, we live in the dawning of the age of Aquarius.
02:12:24.000 And that's because the sun on the spring equinox is, within the next 150 years, is going to move entirely out of Pisces, where it sits at the moment, and is going to move into Aquarius.
02:12:36.000 The age of Pisces, with Pisces housing the sun on the spring equinox, began around the time of Christ, just over 2,000 years ago.
02:12:45.000 And before that, it was the age of Aries.
02:12:47.000 We have all this ram symbolism in ancient Egypt at that time.
02:12:50.000 Before that, it was the age of Taurus, constellation of Taurus housing the sun.
02:12:54.000 All of this is a process that unfolds at the rate of one degree every 72 years.
02:12:58.000 So when I find that the Great Pyramid models the Earth on a scale of 1 to 43,200, which is 72 times 600, I wake up and I think this is interesting.
02:13:09.000 And when I find that Angkor, one navel of the earth, is separated from Giza, another navel of the earth, by 72 degrees of longitude, that rings another bell.
02:13:17.000 And I think that's something curious and worthy of exploration.
02:13:20.000 I think we also, when we talk about ancient people studying the sky, we think of the sky today.
02:13:27.000 And our sky, unfortunately, is burdened by light pollution almost everywhere.
02:13:32.000 Anywhere there's civilization, it's very difficult to see the stars.
02:13:34.000 Very difficult.
02:13:35.000 Whereas they had none of that, and they were in constant awe of this thing that they could see every night.
02:13:40.000 And they probably had a very detailed understanding of where everything was, you know, in a way that you're...
02:13:47.000 Far more detailed than most people have today.
02:13:49.000 Because we don't have access to it unless you're in like deep, you know, deep wilderness and with a clear night sky.
02:13:56.000 The presence of the sky in our lives if we're living in a city is close to zero.
02:14:02.000 It's not zero, but it's close to zero.
02:14:04.000 Bizarre.
02:14:05.000 Yeah.
02:14:05.000 It's a bizarre detachment that is propagated by technology.
02:14:10.000 Oh yeah, very much so.
02:14:11.000 Very weird, right?
02:14:12.000 Because it's actually dangerous for us.
02:14:14.000 Yeah.
02:14:14.000 Because I think it makes us disconnected from the idea that we're connected totally to the universe and that feeling of awe that you get when you see a completely star-filled night.
02:14:25.000 I've talked about this before, but I'll say it again.
02:14:27.000 I was in the observatory in the Big Island in Hawaii.
02:14:33.000 And when you go up to the Keck Observatory, the sky, you go through the clouds.
02:14:38.000 And when you get up to the top and you look, you can't believe that you could see it.
02:14:43.000 You can't believe it.
02:14:44.000 I've been there Three, four times?
02:14:46.000 Only once did we really catch it.
02:14:48.000 The last time was pretty good, but one time we caught it perfectly where there was no moon in the sky and the sky was completely clear and it was astounding.
02:14:56.000 Astounding, yeah.
02:14:56.000 You feel like it's a windshield and you're on a spaceship and you're flying through deep space.
02:15:01.000 You see stars everywhere.
02:15:03.000 That's a beautiful way to put it.
02:15:04.000 That's exactly what we are.
02:15:06.000 We're in a convertible.
02:15:06.000 We're in a convertible spaceship flying through the universe.
02:15:08.000 That's really what it is.
02:15:10.000 And you don't see it every day because of light pollution.
02:15:12.000 And I think it's one of the most...
02:15:16.000 It's one of the saddest things about our culture.
02:15:19.000 It's incredible that you can go out at night and you can see and drive and go to your favorite restaurant and go to the movies and all kinds of nice stuff.
02:15:26.000 But what we're trading off is literally our connection to this insanely beautiful thing.
02:15:36.000 That hypnotizes you with its awe.
02:15:39.000 If you get to go camping on a night where you see everything, it's incredible.
02:15:44.000 It's one of the greatest things you could ever see.
02:15:46.000 It used to be there for everybody, and it used to be how they lived their life.
02:15:50.000 It was an ever-present reality.
02:15:52.000 It was impossible to avoid it.
02:15:55.000 That is why it's so crazy to say that the phenomenon like precession wasn't discovered until the Greeks about 2,200 years ago because the ancients were living with those skies for thousands and thousands of years before and they were paying very close attention to them.
02:16:09.000 There's strong evidence that the constellations of the zodiac We're not inventions of the Greeks either.
02:16:17.000 I mean, in a sense, the constellations aren't inventions because they happen to be on the path of the sun.
02:16:22.000 The zodiac are the constellations which roughly are in the place in the sky that the sun occupies through the course of the year.
02:16:28.000 That's why we see them.
02:16:30.000 But there's increasing evidence that the Greeks inherited that and that the knowledge was very early and it may well go back into the Upper Paleolithic.
02:16:38.000 There's this incredible figure of Taurus.
02:16:41.000 In the Hall of Bulls at Lascaux Cave in France, one of those cave paintings which shows the stars of the Pleiades above the shoulder of the bull exactly where they should be.
02:16:51.000 What is the oldest version of astrology that we have?
02:16:57.000 Well, again, you have the official position on this and you have the unofficial position.
02:17:03.000 What's the official position?
02:17:03.000 Well, the official position is that it's something that developed during the time of the late Mesopotamians and the Greeks.
02:17:11.000 This notion that somehow there was a connection between the events in the sky and what happens to us.
02:17:19.000 But I think it's much older than that.
02:17:21.000 I think the idea that the sky in some way determines our destinies is a very ancient idea, not a recent idea.
02:17:31.000 And it kind of makes sense.
02:17:33.000 I mean, it's weird to think this.
02:17:36.000 I don't mean to be selfish to the human race, but we would not be here.
02:17:40.000 No human beings would be here if it were not for that whole vast universe out there.
02:17:44.000 It would be wrong to say that the universe exists so that we can be, but the fact is we would not be.
02:17:52.000 We're part of that huge cosmos, and you're right.
02:17:56.000 It's forgetting that we're part of the cosmos, or regarding the cosmos as something that we must conquer, which is the modern mindset, which is most unhelpful.
02:18:09.000 I've always been fascinated by astrology, not like the newspaper astrology, like, you're a Cancer, so that means this.
02:18:14.000 But the idea that the time you were born, the place on Earth you were born, where you were conceived, all these play a factor in your personality, and that this was somehow or another mapped out by people thousands and thousands of years ago.
02:18:32.000 I know a lot of people like to dismiss it as myth, and I've been one of those people, but part of me wonders if there is some sort of an impact that, look, we know that the gravity from the moon affects the tides.
02:18:44.000 We know that we're mostly water.
02:18:46.000 We know that there's some sort of an effect that planets and gravity and stars must have on the entirety of the universe.
02:18:54.000 Yeah.
02:18:55.000 And the idea that these very bizarre biological entities, that their personalities and their existence is in some way motivated, shaped, or at least influenced by the position in the stars in which they were born is very interesting.
02:19:12.000 Because people studied that shit for a long time.
02:19:15.000 If there was nothing to it, Why have so many generations of people studied it?
02:19:22.000 I think it's a good question.
02:19:23.000 And what was the root of it?
02:19:24.000 Like, how the hell did they figure that out?
02:19:26.000 Well, it must come from a place where we feel connected to the universe.
02:19:29.000 Yeah.
02:19:30.000 And we feel that the universe influences us directly.
02:19:32.000 Right.
02:19:34.000 Not the way we look at it at the moment as sort of something out there that doesn't mean much to us, except that we're going to conquer it with spaceships.
02:19:40.000 Right.
02:19:41.000 You know, and go to the moon and go to planets and things like that.
02:19:46.000 But to see it as an ever-present reality.
02:19:48.000 We understand that we're affected by the climate on planet Earth.
02:19:51.000 We understand we're affected by the weather, by the oceans, by the winds.
02:19:56.000 They affect us.
02:19:57.000 They affect our personalities.
02:19:58.000 So why shouldn't we be affected by the broader universe that surrounds us?
02:20:02.000 Yeah, it does make sense, but I've never heard anybody explain it.
02:20:05.000 Have you ever talked to like a legitimate, air quotes, astrologer?
02:20:09.000 No, I haven't.
02:20:10.000 It's not been a central focus for me.
02:20:12.000 My central focus has more been on the evidence for really precise ancient astronomy.
02:20:17.000 Particularly amongst the ancient Egyptians, but also fantastically advanced amongst the Maya in Mexico as well.
02:20:28.000 And we have a big focus on the Maya in Season 2 of Ancient Apocalypse.
02:20:33.000 And I was fortunate, blessed, To have a brilliant archaeologist, Ed Barnhart, who joined me there in Palenki.
02:20:40.000 And he's not sneering at me.
02:20:42.000 He doesn't agree with everything I say.
02:20:43.000 He's very clear on that.
02:20:45.000 But he's not sneering at me.
02:20:46.000 And he feels that there's something useful being contributed by this approach.
02:20:50.000 And so is it generally agreed that there is a connection between the methods or the design of the construction and the correlation between star systems?
02:21:01.000 I don't follow the question quite.
02:21:03.000 Is it agreed by archaeologists that the reason why these things are constructed in a very specific direction and in a very specific design, that it is mirroring the cosmos?
02:21:15.000 I think that archaeologists are very reluctant to accept the broader idea.
02:21:21.000 They are willing, they can hardly deny that some structures are specifically aligned to the equinoctial rising point of the sun, in other words, due east.
02:21:30.000 And other structures are aligned to the rising or the setting of the sun on the summer or the winter solstice.
02:21:36.000 That cannot be denied.
02:21:37.000 Serpent Mound in Ohio is a classic example of that, which is oriented precisely to the setting sun on the winter solstice.
02:21:46.000 But the broader idea that, for example, positions of stars in the sky might be replicated on the ground, that's an idea that archaeology completely rejects.
02:21:57.000 And that's where I would like to pay tribute to my dear friend Robert Boval, who's been very ill for the last many years.
02:22:03.000 But Robert Boval brought us the Orion correlation.
02:22:07.000 And my god, did archaeology descend upon him like a ton of bricks.
02:22:10.000 For just noticing that the three great pyramids of Giza are laid out on the ground in the pattern of the three stars of Orion's belt.
02:22:17.000 And then when we work precession into the equation, we find that they're not laid out in the pattern of Orion's belt as it looked in 2500 BC when the pyramids are supposed to have been built.
02:22:28.000 They're laid out in the pattern of Orion's belt in 10,500 BC, 12,500 years ago.
02:22:34.000 So it's like a marker on the Giza Plateau speaking to that age, just as Pillar 43 at Gobekli Tepe speaks to that age in the astronomical diagram on that pillar.
02:22:45.000 Which also means that there would have been a line 35,000 years ago as well.
02:22:48.000 Yeah, that's right.
02:22:49.000 Because it's a cycle, it goes back.
02:22:52.000 Then the Sphinx is another one of those, right?
02:22:55.000 Yeah, the Sphinx is another one.
02:22:57.000 Sphinx aligned with – it was looking at the rising sun and behind it the constellation of Leo 12,500 years ago.
02:23:05.000 But if you go back 25,000, 26,000 years before that, you'll find the same alignment occurring.
02:23:10.000 It's a cycle.
02:23:12.000 It's not a one-off event.
02:23:13.000 It's a cycle that occurs every 26,000 years.
02:23:16.000 It's a mind-blower.
02:23:18.000 It's a mind blower.
02:23:19.000 And that's why John Anthony West, who I'm so glad you had him on your show before he passed.
02:23:24.000 He was such a genius and such a funny guy.
02:23:27.000 I recommend that to everybody, that Magical Egypt, the two DVD series that he had.
02:23:32.000 They're amazing.
02:23:34.000 My wife hated them because I was watching them so often.
02:23:36.000 You watch this Egypt thing and I couldn't stop.
02:23:39.000 I probably watched it 30 times.
02:23:41.000 He was an absolute genius.
02:23:43.000 And John was of the view that the Sphinx is more than 30,000 years old rather than just 12,500 years old.
02:23:50.000 Well, that's what it aligned so interestingly with Robert Shock's analysis of the water erosion, that this is thousands of years of rainfall.
02:24:00.000 That's the really important matter that Robert Shock has brought to the table, which no other person has dared to do.
02:24:08.000 Now, John Anthony West started that process.
02:24:10.000 He was aware of a problem in the weathering of the Sphinx, but he wasn't quite sure what the problem was.
02:24:17.000 He was following up some writings by a scholar called Schwaller de Lubix back in the 1920s or 1930s who said something about water weathering on the Sphinx.
02:24:26.000 And so John brought Robert Schock there to Giza and Robert Schock immediately recognized...
02:24:30.000 The weathering patterns on the Sphinx as the result of heavy rainfall, exposure to heavy rainfall for thousands of years.
02:24:38.000 And you have to go back to the younger dryers to get that kind of heavy rainfall in Giza.
02:24:44.000 Hence the notion that the Sphinx geologically, whatever else we may say about it, is 12,000 plus years old.
02:25:02.000 I just hugely respect him for doing that.
02:25:04.000 I also thought it was really fascinating that he showed images, cropped images, of this water erosion to other geologists.
02:25:11.000 They all agreed it was water erosion until they figured out where it was.
02:25:14.000 There you go.
02:25:14.000 And they were like, I'm not signing off on that.
02:25:17.000 That's right, that's right.
02:25:18.000 Because it's just too controversial.
02:25:20.000 Yeah, they circle the wagons at a certain point.
02:25:22.000 And go out to your career.
02:25:23.000 Yeah, most unfortunately.
02:25:25.000 Well, we are very fortunate that you're out there, buddy.
02:25:28.000 Thank you.
02:25:29.000 We really are.
02:25:30.000 Thank you.
02:25:30.000 I love your show.
02:25:31.000 I love you.
02:25:32.000 You're always fun to talk to.
02:25:33.000 Can I say a couple of things about the show?
02:25:36.000 Sure.
02:25:36.000 Please.
02:25:37.000 First of all, thank you to the viewers of Season 1 of Ancient Apocalypse.
02:25:43.000 And I hope you'll enjoy Season 2. I hope we're bringing really important new information to the table.
02:25:50.000 And a special request, if you do like it, please give it a thumbs up on Netflix.
02:25:56.000 Season two is all about the Americas.
02:26:01.000 Secondly, I will be doing a speaking event in the US. It'll be the only speaking event that I do in 2025. And that's going to be in Sedona, 19th and 20th of April 2025. That's a good place for it, all those freaks.
02:26:15.000 Yeah.
02:26:16.000 19th and 20th of April, 2025. And it's going to be called The Fight for the Past because I believe that's what's going on here.
02:26:25.000 So I hope that people will enjoy the show and express that enjoyment.
02:26:31.000 That would be really, really helpful.
02:26:33.000 I know they will.
02:26:34.000 I know they will.
02:26:35.000 And the final thing I want to say is thank you to Keanu Reeves.
02:26:38.000 Thank you to Keanu Reeves for joining me on the show.
02:26:42.000 Keanu reached out to me some years ago because he's making this incredible comic book series called Berserker, B-R-Z-R-K-R, about an immortal warrior who's born 80,000 years ago but has the power of a god and cannot be killed.
02:26:59.000 And back, I think, at least two years ago, Keanu reached out to me for some advice, some historical advice on where in the world could such an individual have been born 80,000 years ago.
02:27:11.000 And we talked about that and we exchanged emails and then we had some nice Zoom conversations together.
02:27:16.000 That's cool.
02:27:17.000 And I sensed that this is a very open-minded, very curious, very interesting person.
02:27:24.000 So when we were doing season two, I did ask him, would you join me and speak about this and speak about your curiosity of the past?
02:27:32.000 And he knew what he was up against.
02:27:34.000 Actually, just before Keanu and I spent a day together filming for season two of Ancient Apocalypse, he'd watched the debate between me and Flint Dibble.
02:27:42.000 He knew what he was facing, getting into this, but he had, again, the courage and the integrity to stand up, to stand by me in that story.
02:27:52.000 And I'm enormously grateful to him for doing that.
02:27:55.000 And I found along the way, I suspected it when we knew each other just by Zoom and by email, I found along the way what an incredible gentleman Keanu Reeves is, how kind-hearted he is, how humble he is, how he turned up for the shoot carrying his own baggage.
02:28:11.000 He's just a gem of a human being and he radiates kindness and decency and care and love towards others and I feel privileged to have had the opportunity to get to know him and I hope our paths will continue to cross in the future.
02:28:29.000 That's awesome.
02:28:30.000 Above all, I'm grateful to him.
02:28:31.000 Shout out to Keanu.
02:28:32.000 He seems like an awesome guy.
02:28:33.000 He's an awesome guy.
02:28:34.000 Everything that people say about Keanu is right.
02:28:36.000 Beautiful.
02:28:37.000 He's a great man.
02:28:37.000 There he is.
02:28:38.000 There's two of you together.
02:28:39.000 Yep, yep.
02:28:40.000 All right, Graham.
02:28:40.000 It's always a pleasure.
02:28:41.000 Thank you, sir.
02:28:42.000 Appreciate you very much.
02:28:43.000 Thanks, Joe.
02:28:43.000 Thanks for having me back on the show.