The Joe Rogan Experience - Joe Rogan Experience #459 - Dr. Rhonda Patrick

00:00:01.000 Good googly moogly.

00:00:03.000 Hello, everybody.

00:00:04.000 Welcome back.

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00:02:56.000 We're also brought to you by Onnit.com. 0.98

00:02:59.000 That's O-N-N-I-T. And I'm very excited that we have Dr. Rhonda Patrick on the podcast today because she can explain some of the shit that's in Onnit that confuses me. 0.96

00:03:10.000 All the baffling stuff about what antioxidants are necessary. 0.98

00:03:15.000 What about...

00:03:17.000 What about digestive enzymes?

00:03:19.000 When do they come into play?

00:03:20.000 All these things are very crucial for health and very confusing.

00:03:24.000 So we're going to get to that today.

00:03:26.000 Onnit.com carries, we essentially try to carry everything that we find beneficial and everything that I use, everything that Aubrey uses, everything that our friends use, athletes, mixed martial arts fighters, jujitsu people, things that would benefit your physical conditioning,

00:03:43.000 things that would benefit your cognitive function, things that benefit your immune system, Your endurance.

00:03:49.000 What we sell, whether it's our strength and conditioning equipment like kettlebells, battle ropes, steel maces, things along those lines, or whether it's the nutritional supplements like Hemp Force Protein Powder or New Mood or Alpha Brain, we just try to sell you the very best,

00:04:06.000 most high-quality supplements that are available in the world.

00:04:10.000 Whatever we can find, if we find stuff that's beneficial, we try to sell it to you.

00:04:14.000 And because some of the stuff that we sell at Onnit is controversial, we're in the process of running many tests.

00:04:20.000 We just got back the results where we actually just started publishing the results of the double-blind placebo test that we did on AlphaBrain.

00:04:28.000 If you go to the Onnit website, you can see the results of that test.

00:04:32.000 It was a pilot program of 20 people.

00:04:34.000 Out of those 20 people, a few dropped out, so we were left with, I think, 16 or 17 people.

00:04:39.000 But we got positive results from two categories.

00:04:43.000 From memory and from execution.

00:04:46.000 The execution of...

00:04:49.000 I think it's actually verbal execution.

00:04:52.000 You can learn it on Ana.com.

00:04:54.000 The idea behind it is...

00:04:56.000 What you're doing when you're taking something like a nootropic is you're giving your brain the building blocks to produce human neurotransmitters, the nutritional aspects of thought.

00:05:07.000 If you're just getting that stuff through food, man, you'd have to take a lot of weird food.

00:05:14.000 You'd have to take a lot of it in really high doses, a lot of mosses and grasses and weird shit that you're not going to want to eat.

00:05:21.000 All of it is very controversial, so we're in the process of continuing even more studies.

00:05:26.000 If you go to the Onnit website, you can see the AlphaBrain clinical trial results.

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00:06:13.000 Alright, that's it.

00:06:14.000 Boom.

00:06:15.000 Dr. Rhonda Patrick's here.

00:06:16.000 Cue the music.

00:06:17.000 I'm just dying to ask you, so what's in Alpha Brain?

00:06:21.000 The Joe Rogan Experience.

00:06:29.000 Uh, that's a good question, what's in AlphaBrain?

00:06:32.000 We could read it all off, but it would sound like another commercial on top of a commercial.

00:06:36.000 Um, it's essentially...

00:06:38.000 Alright, so is tryptophan in there?

00:06:39.000 You said neurotransmitter or something in serotonin.

00:06:42.000 I'm gonna look.

00:06:43.000 I'm looking.

00:06:45.000 I should give it to you so you could read it.

00:06:50.000 Yeah, because if tryptophan's in there, that's actually a really...

00:06:53.000 Hold on a second.

00:06:54.000 This is just 180. This has alpha brain in it too. 0.99

00:06:58.000 That has a lot of different shit in it. 0.99

00:07:00.000 180 is the stuff that we take. 0.99

00:07:05.000 Here's the actual ingredients.

00:07:07.000 You can read that right there.

00:07:09.000 Here's the actual ingredients.

00:07:10.000 Dr. Rhonda Patrick reached out to me because she had some things to say about some of the things that other podcast guests had said about nutrition, about health.

00:07:20.000 And tell the folks what your credentials are, what you do, who you are, and why you are uniquely qualified to explain nutrition and health to these folks.

00:07:30.000 Absolutely.

00:07:30.000 So my name is Rhonda Patrick.

00:07:32.000 I have a PhD in biomedical science.

00:07:36.000 I did my undergraduate work in biochemistry, chemistry.

00:07:40.000 And now I'm doing a postdoctoral fellowship on nutrition and metabolism.

00:07:45.000 So I started out with synthesizing peptides and doing organic chemistry, and I got really bored with that.

00:07:52.000 And I was an undergraduate sort of student research intern.

00:07:58.000 So then I decided to try biology out, and I went to the Salk Institute for Biological Sciences in La Jolla, and I did some research on aging biology.

00:08:08.000 We're good to go.

00:08:35.000 And then, so I was doing a lot of research using mice and some human cells.

00:08:40.000 And then I decided I wanted to move on with people.

00:08:42.000 You're just glossing over that.

00:08:44.000 I did research with mice and human cells.

00:08:45.000 Yeah, I did mice and human cells.

00:08:46.000 And I mean, I could go on and on about my actual research.

00:08:50.000 Did you make hybrid mice people?

00:08:52.000 No, no, I didn't make hybrid mice people.

00:08:55.000 But I did a lot of work on mitochondria and mitochondrial metabolism and how that relates to cancer and how cells die and how they don't die and what's going wrong with cancer.

00:09:07.000 And I got a really awesome publication out of it in Nature.

00:09:10.000 And then I decided that I was really wanting to move on to something different.

00:09:16.000 During your PhD, you dig, dig, dig, dig, dig, deep, deep mechanism.

00:09:20.000 Finally, you just keep digging deeper.

00:09:23.000 I felt like I was lost from what everything meant and what was the significance of it.

00:09:29.000 You kind of have to do that in grad school because you're learning the tools, how to use tools to answer questions, what kind of questions and how you answer them.

00:09:37.000 I did really a lot of that.

00:09:41.000 Then I decided I wanted to take a step back and look at the big picture and Do some clinical research and apply the tools that I learned in graduate school and try to learn some things looking at people.

00:09:54.000 So now I'm at the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute working with Bruce Ames, who's pretty famous for his Ames test, carcinogenicity test, where he basically made this test that could help you figure out whether or not a chemical was a mutagen, meaning if it caused cancer.

00:10:11.000 And so I'm working with him, and I'm actually looking at...

00:10:17.000 What causes, you know, I'm looking at a lot of things, but I'm actually fundamentally looking at people that are obese and how obesity accelerates the aging process.

00:10:26.000 People that are, you know, obese die of all sorts of age-related diseases sooner, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer.

00:10:33.000 By the age of 40, there's a 14-year reduction in their lifespan, which is, I think, even greater than smoking cigarettes.

00:10:41.000 So I'm trying to understand fundamental mechanisms like why these people are accelerating their aging process.

00:10:49.000 And so I'm actually looking at something specifically.

00:10:50.000 I'm looking at their DNA. So I'm taking blood cells.

00:10:55.000 So we draw blood from people that have a BMI of like 30 or above or 25 and below, which are considered normal or lean.

00:11:01.000 Which is body mass index for folks. 0.57

00:11:03.000 Right.

00:11:03.000 And you know, there's problems with using body mass index as a marker for obesity because some people are lean.

00:11:13.000 Anyways, it's kind of murky, but I'm not going to go into that.

00:11:17.000 So I'm actually looking at...

00:11:20.000 So I take their blood cells and I look at their DNA and how much damage is in their DNA. And I kind of want to get into that a little later, kind of explain what that is.

00:11:31.000 But that's kind of what I'm doing.

00:11:33.000 I'm also doing some research on vitamin D. And I have a paper that's actually coming out in six days.

00:11:40.000 It's going to hit the press.

00:11:42.000 I found that vitamin D actually regulates serotonin.

00:11:45.000 So it's really cool.

00:11:48.000 Well, that makes sense for people in Seattle.

00:11:50.000 They don't get any vitamin D. They don't get any sun.

00:11:53.000 They're all bummed out.

00:11:54.000 Right.

00:11:54.000 They have that thing every winter.

00:11:56.000 People in northern latitudes, a lot of people have inadequate levels of vitamin D. So it's a really important finding.

00:12:04.000 So that can actually affect your mood.

00:12:06.000 Supplementing with vitamin D when you live in a place where it doesn't get sunny?

00:12:10.000 I'm not going to talk about the details of this paper because there's an embargo and all that.

00:12:14.000 But I will talk about absolutely serotonin.

00:12:18.000 It affects mood, behavior.

00:12:20.000 So that's why I was asking if tryptophan was in your alpha brain, because tryptophan is a rare amino acid that occurs in protein.

00:12:27.000 And most people think that, oh, I eat turkey, I'm getting my tryptophan.

00:12:32.000 But the thing is that tryptophan, in order to get converted into serotonin, has to get transported into your brain through this transporter.

00:12:38.000 It converts to 5-HTP, correct?

00:12:40.000 It does convert to that.

00:12:42.000 We have that in the mood.

00:12:43.000 5-HTP, and then it converts into serotonin.

00:12:45.000 Yeah, that's one of the principal ingredients in NuMood.

00:12:48.000 NuMood is 5-HTP and L-tryptophan, and the idea being that there's sort of a slow-release effect.

00:12:54.000 The L-tryptophan converts to 5-HTP, and then 5-HTP converts to serotonin.

00:12:59.000 Right, so 5-HTP can actually cross the blood-brain barrier.

00:13:02.000 So that can already get converted into serotonin in your brain.

00:13:05.000 And tryptophan, so tryptophan actually competes with other branched-chain amino acids like leucine and isoleucine to get transported into the brain, and it loses.

00:13:15.000 Leucine, these branched-chain amino acids, they're abundant in protein.

00:13:18.000 So what ends up happening if you're not taking something like 5-HDP or something else is that most of the time you're not getting enough tryptophan transported into your brain.

00:13:26.000 Now, certain things can help alleviate that competition like exercise.

00:13:30.000 So exercise, you take up a bunch of branched-chain amino acids to make muscle.

00:13:33.000 So exercise actually boosts serotonin in your brain by allowing tryptophan to get transported into your brain.

00:13:39.000 We're good to go.

00:13:59.000 You can deplete like 90% of someone's brain serotonin.

00:14:03.000 And then they do all these like behavioral tests to see what, you know, what the results are, how not having serotonin in your brain impacts behavior and cognitive function.

00:14:13.000 And they found that it really, there's a lot of things that are, you know, sort of messed up.

00:14:17.000 If you're not making serotonin, you become impulsive, impulsive behavior, your long-term thinking kind of Like a meth head?

00:14:27.000 Actually, there's a study where they compared methamphetamine users, cocaine users, and then they depleted just normal people.

00:14:36.000 They depleted their tryptophan by the meth that I just told you about.

00:14:39.000 And depleting the tryptophan, so basically depleting the serotonin in your brain, you're scoring just as bad as a meth user.

00:14:47.000 And actually methamphetamine does deplete your serotonin.

00:14:49.000 Isn't that frightening?

00:14:51.000 Wow!

00:14:52.000 That's wild.

00:14:53.000 It's wild.

00:14:54.000 You know, the fact that serotonin is affecting our behavior and that it's basically, you know, tryptophan and vitamin D are important for that.

00:15:03.000 People don't realize, you know, nutrition affects the way your brain works.

00:15:07.000 It does.

00:15:08.000 And it's so confusing.

00:15:10.000 And when you're a regular person that's trying to go online or read books about health and nutrition and what you need and what you don't need, there's so much contradictory information.

00:15:20.000 There's so many people that tell you, you don't need anything, just a balanced diet.

00:15:24.000 Well, what's a balanced diet?

00:15:25.000 Well, then that gets squirrely.

00:15:26.000 You know, the balanced diet includes grains.

00:15:28.000 Well, no, don't eat gluten. 1.00

00:15:30.000 Oh, fuck shit. 1.00

00:15:31.000 Gluten's bad. 1.00

00:15:32.000 You know, stay away from eggs.

00:15:33.000 Eggs contain...

00:15:34.000 You know, it just gets so weird.

00:15:36.000 There's so much information.

00:15:37.000 It's so hard to separate the wheat from the chaff.

00:15:41.000 That's the expression, right?

00:15:42.000 Wheat from the chaff?

00:15:43.000 Totally agree.

00:15:44.000 So much noise out there, and it's very confusing.

00:15:48.000 You know, and it's...

00:15:49.000 Yeah, you get getting your nutrition from your diet.

00:15:52.000 Well, that would be ideal, but the reality is we have, you know, the National Institute of Medicine that are conducting these surveys every five years.

00:15:59.000 They call them the Nutrition and Examination Health Surveys.

00:16:02.000 It's NHANES. It's very notorious in the nutrition field.

00:16:06.000 We consider NHANES surveys to be pretty accurate in determining what people are getting from their diet.

00:16:12.000 And these surveys are telling us, no, people are not getting what they need from their diet.

00:16:17.000 The majority of Americans are not getting what they need in terms of micronutrients.

00:16:22.000 Yeah, it's really hard to do so.

00:16:24.000 And to do so on a daily basis requires you to really eat clean and healthy.

00:16:28.000 I mean, you can get what you need from your diet, but boy, you have to really mind what you're eating.

00:16:34.000 You have to really work at it.

00:16:36.000 Yeah.

00:16:36.000 Yeah, it's a lot of effort.

00:16:39.000 You know, it's...

00:16:40.000 And there's also the difference between the idea of you just surviving and not getting a disease and you being at optimal health.

00:16:48.000 Absolutely.

00:16:49.000 That's something that our lab works on.

00:16:53.000 We've got this sort of theory that it's hard to do aging studies in people and particularly looking at different vitamins and minerals and what effects they have long term.

00:17:04.000 But that's one of the theories in our lab that We've shown some evidence of it, is that a lot of vitamins and minerals, they're cofactors for many different biochemical pathways in your body.

00:17:20.000 If you would just Google biochemical pathways, you'll see this massive image come up and it's just like, holy crap.

00:17:28.000 Vitamins and minerals are cofactors for enzymes, meaning they need to be there for the enzyme to work optimally.

00:17:36.000 Enzymes and proteins in your body are doing everything.

00:17:38.000 I mean, that's what's doing everything our body's doing.

00:17:42.000 And so if you don't have, you know, there's certain proteins that are important to survive right now, like your sodium, potassium, ATPase.

00:17:49.000 You know, you want to make sure your heart's getting the right signals.

00:17:51.000 I mean, if that shuts down, then you're dead, you know.

00:17:54.000 So, I mean, some of these functions are more important.

00:17:57.000 What is that?

00:17:58.000 Yeah, so that's the biochemical pathways I'm talking about.

00:18:01.000 And that's just a snapshot.

00:18:03.000 That's just a snapshot.

00:18:05.000 So, I mean, all these different pathways, they require vitamins and minerals, essential fatty acids.

00:18:11.000 I mean, these things, it's complicated.

00:18:14.000 And so...

00:18:15.000 So cheeseburgers don't give that everything it needs.

00:18:20.000 No, they don't.

00:18:21.000 Yeah.

00:18:22.000 No, they don't.

00:18:23.000 They don't.

00:18:23.000 And what, you know, what is...

00:18:27.000 What is it that someone should absolutely supplement with on a daily basis?

00:18:33.000 You know, I would say definitely most people are not getting enough vitamin D. And that is, it's a steroid hormone.

00:18:41.000 Okay.

00:18:42.000 It's a hormone that controls the expression of over a thousand different genes in our body, which is literally like one 24th of our human genome, many of them in our brain.

00:18:52.000 So what that means is without vitamin D, so vitamin D is so important that we can make it from the sun.

00:18:59.000 Problem is we're not, we're not doing that.

00:19:02.000 Most of us aren't out in the sun a lot.

00:19:04.000 I know I'm not.

00:19:05.000 I'm always at my computer inside.

00:19:07.000 And when I'm out, we're worried about skin aging if you're a female or skin cancer. 0.81

00:19:12.000 So I'm wearing sunscreen, of course.

00:19:15.000 And as a majority of the people from the surveys, if you look at people that supplement and don't supplement in the United States, about 70% don't get adequate levels of vitamin D. And actually, the way we determine what's adequate is based on vitamin D's classical function of bone homeostasis.

00:19:33.000 So we know vitamin D is important to make sure that our bones don't start breaking down.

00:19:38.000 But in fact, there's a thousand other things it's doing and we don't know how much vitamin D we need to do those other things.

00:19:43.000 But to at least maintain that, that's considered adequate.

00:19:46.000 And that's like 30 nanograms per milliliter of the precursor of vitamin D called 25-hydroxy vitamin D, which is what most people, when you get your levels measured, that's what they measure.

00:19:57.000 So what should you take on a daily basis?

00:19:59.000 I would say, you know, definitely you should probably be taking a vitamin D supplement.

00:20:03.000 Like what dose do you think?

00:20:05.000 Yeah, so here's the thing.

00:20:07.000 You know, a lot of different things regulate vitamin D absorption, bioavailability, body fat for one.

00:20:14.000 It is a fat-soluble vitamin.

00:20:15.000 So the more body fat you have, the more it's stored in that fat and the less of it We're good to go.

00:20:50.000 But like I said, 25 pounds, you could be 25 pounds of muscle.

00:20:54.000 So I think the best way to really gauge how much vitamin D you need is to just get a test.

00:21:01.000 If you have health insurance, health insurance pays for it.

00:21:04.000 There's other places that you can get vitamin D levels tested cheaply, very cheaply.

00:21:10.000 And it's just so worth it.

00:21:11.000 I get mine tested routinely because I just want to make sure that my dosing is pretty good.

00:21:17.000 I personally take 4,000 IUs a day.

00:21:20.000 Is that a lot?

00:21:22.000 I think that's pretty standard for an adult that's normal weight and in pretty good shape.

00:21:29.000 Yeah, I think that's pretty standard.

00:21:31.000 But I can't say that everyone should go out and take 4,000 IUs a day.

00:21:35.000 I can say that you should definitely make sure that you have levels in your blood that's higher than 30 nanograms per milliliter, which is above the adequate status.

00:21:44.000 And actually, if we look at Studies where they've looked at, for example, all-cause mortality, lowering all-cause mortality, they've shown that huge, large cohort studies they've done, they've looked at the levels of vitamin D and then looked at mortality,

00:22:01.000 dying of different diseases.

00:22:03.000 People with levels of vitamin D between 40 and 60 nanograms per milliliter in their blood had the least amount of all-cause mortality, so basically they were living the longest.

00:22:16.000 Maybe you want to have between 40 and 60 nanograms per milliliter based on that study.

00:22:23.000 It's important to get the levels tested.

00:22:25.000 That's kind of what I like to advocate because it's so cheap and easy.

00:22:30.000 It's so easy.

00:22:31.000 Why not?

00:22:32.000 Very few people ever get their body tested for their vitamin levels.

00:22:36.000 It is kind of unusual that we think about health and nutrition, but how few people actually get their blood tested.

00:22:45.000 It's the future, really.

00:22:46.000 I mean, we're going to start to do that.

00:22:48.000 Preventative medicine, being able to know if we have adequate amounts of these vitamin minerals, it's going to get easier and easier the next couple of decades, I think.

00:22:56.000 Now, you reached out to me because of people on the podcast saying things that you didn't think were accurate, and you got upset and sent me some videos and some different things that sort of describe what disinformation these people were releasing or erroneous information.

00:23:12.000 Right.

00:23:14.000 Give us some specifics.

00:23:16.000 Let's just talk about what bugged you.

00:23:18.000 One of the erroneous facts were that most Americans get all the micronutrients they need from their diet.

00:23:25.000 That was Brian Dunning.

00:23:26.000 That was Brian Dunning. 1.00

00:23:27.000 He's a silly man. 0.99

00:23:28.000 And that is not correct. 1.00

00:23:29.000 Unfortunately.

00:23:30.000 Based on the National Institute of Medicine doing these surveys, we know that's not correct.

00:23:36.000 And in fact, they've even done surveys where they've We've looked at people that supplement versus people that don't supplement, and people that supplement have much more adequate levels of these certain vitamins and minerals.

00:23:48.000 So that's already the first thing that's not true.

00:23:53.000 This recent editorial that came out in the Annals of Internal Medicine It was really upsetting because they were basically saying that multivitamins do nothing, and not only do they do nothing,

00:24:09.000 they're bad for you.

00:24:10.000 And you actually mentioned that on that podcast that you had with Dunning.

00:24:15.000 Yeah, that research that they...

00:24:18.000 First of all, I think it's one of the most irresponsible studies or the most irresponsible press releases I've ever read because if you actually read what the studies were in comparison to what they're saying, they're saying vitamins don't work, case closed.

00:24:32.000 But the studies that they did were on Alzheimer's patients not showing any sort of improvement.

00:24:39.000 People over 65 that had heart attacks not showing any improvement.

00:24:43.000 I mean, just those two things were Two out of the three tasks that they did, that they're saying that vitamins don't work, when you're talking about a generic multivitamin, too, synthetic multivitamin, like one of those Centrum ones.

00:24:55.000 Centrum silver, right.

00:24:56.000 Those ones that they find in the bottom of port-a-potties, by the way, when they clean out, they find them.

00:25:01.000 They find those little blue pills still, like, intact.

00:25:04.000 Like, they pass through people's bottles.

00:25:06.000 Allegedly.

00:25:07.000 That might not be true.

00:25:08.000 I've never looked.

00:25:09.000 What do I know?

00:25:10.000 Have I even looked online to research?

00:25:12.000 No, I'm just parroting it like a little minor bird.

00:25:15.000 But the studies themselves were really shocking.

00:25:19.000 I'll read you the three things.

00:25:22.000 Male physicians over 65 showed no improvement in cognitive decline Using a generic multivitamin supplementation.

00:25:29.000 They're dying.

00:25:30.000 Oh God, can I please just tell you?

00:25:32.000 So that study was so infuriating because they were giving these guys six...

00:25:37.000 Okay, this was supposed to be a high-dose multivitamin.

00:25:40.000 And they were giving them six pills a day.

00:25:42.000 Six pills a day.

00:25:43.000 Okay, I take a high-dose multivitamin.

00:25:44.000 It's one pill a day.

00:25:46.000 And their total vitamin D levels were like 100 IUs.

00:25:51.000 Like 100 IUs of vitamin D won't do anything.

00:25:55.000 Yeah, I think.

00:26:18.000 Any vitamins.

00:26:19.000 Choose one vitamin that's in your multivitamin concoction and see if what you're giving them actually raises the level of that to show that they're A, compliant, B, that you're giving them a dose that's actually doing something.

00:26:31.000 So you're leaving it up to the person to take it as well.

00:26:34.000 In that study, they did.

00:26:36.000 Yeah, that seems pretty faulty.

00:26:37.000 And also, you say that you take 4,000 units and they had 100. That's not so good.

00:26:44.000 The other aspect of the study was that high-dose multivitamins had no effect on the progression of heart disease in heart attack survivors.

00:26:51.000 Again, they're dying.

00:26:53.000 These are dying people.

00:26:57.000 Preventative medicine is one of the things you talked about earlier, about testing blood, and I really think that that is the key.

00:27:04.000 It's not about catching you when you're falling apart.

00:27:06.000 It's about making sure you don't fall apart.

00:27:09.000 Exactly.

00:27:09.000 Giving your body the natural building blocks to repair cells to keep your body healthy from the jump.

00:27:16.000 And that's what we should be doing.

00:27:18.000 We should be doing intelligently thinking ahead while you're healthy, while you're young.

00:27:24.000 It's so true. 0.84

00:27:24.000 I mean, I'll give you an example. 0.84

00:27:27.000 45% of the U.S. population doesn't have adequate levels of magnesium.

00:27:33.000 And, you know, I think most people in the fitness community are concerned with magnesium because they're always like, you know, oh my God, I sweated out.

00:27:40.000 I got to replace my magnesium.

00:27:42.000 You know, I think that's their major concern or muscle cramping and things like that.

00:27:46.000 But magnesium...

00:27:47.000 It's an essential cofactor for DNA repair enzymes.

00:27:52.000 So let me explain what that is because it's probably like, well, what's DNA repair enzymes?

00:27:55.000 So, you know, everyday just normal metabolism.

00:27:59.000 So our mitochondria, they're, you know, taking food that we eat in, whether it's carbohydrates or protein or fat, and they're generating what's called electron-reducing equivalents through this whole Krebs cycle, if you ever learned in biochemistry.

00:28:13.000 And those electron-reducing equivalents are really important because they have Hydrogen, which has an electron and a proton.

00:28:20.000 And these electrons get passed along inside your mitochondria, these various proteins, and they shoot out protons at the same time.

00:28:27.000 And this is basically the way it generates energy to then take the oxygen you breathe in and reduce it to water and couple that to making ATP. Anyways, so these electrons get passed around.

00:28:39.000 And what happens is they often, because you're taking oxygen you breathe in and making water to generate The energy you need to make ATP, you start making superoxide anion.

00:28:48.000 You start making reactive oxygen species in your mitochondria.

00:28:51.000 Every day we're doing this.

00:28:52.000 We're doing it right now.

00:28:53.000 I mean, that's the major source of, you know, reactive oxygen species.

00:28:56.000 I'm sure you've heard of that in your body.

00:28:59.000 I mean, these reactive oxygen species, they react.

00:29:01.000 That's what they do.

00:29:02.000 They react with your DNA. They react with lipids, your cell membranes.

00:29:06.000 They react with proteins and they damage them.

00:29:08.000 And what happens when you're doing, it's called DNA damage.

00:29:11.000 When it reacts with your DNA, You know, sometimes you get like a bulky adduct that's attached on or sometimes you get like an oxidative product, which then can cause a break.

00:29:23.000 Your DNA is double-stranded and can cause a break.

00:29:25.000 And what happens is, you know, the cells in different organs, like in your kidneys and your liver, these cells have a limited lifespan and so they have to replicate.

00:29:34.000 They have to synthesize their DNA, replicate, in order to replace their limited lifespan.

00:29:40.000 So when the cell then tries to replicate its DNA and there's this funny stuff there, it's like, what is this?

00:29:47.000 And then sometimes it puts another nucleotide, what's not supposed to be there, and it causes a mutation.

00:29:51.000 And then you have this mutation.

00:29:53.000 It's like, okay, well, you can't go back.

00:29:54.000 Once you have a mutation, it's there.

00:29:56.000 So if it's a mutation in a coding region of a gene that does something important, then you could really screw stuff up.

00:30:03.000 And so in order to prevent that from happening, we have what's called DNA repair enzymes.

00:30:08.000 And they basically take this damage that's there and they repair it.

00:30:12.000 And those DNA repair enzymes require magnesium.

00:30:15.000 Without magnesium, they do not work.

00:30:17.000 They do not work well.

00:30:18.000 They're very inefficient.

00:30:21.000 And so if you're not getting enough magnesium, your DNA repairer Isn't going well, and you're probably getting more damage.

00:30:27.000 But the thing is, it takes decades for this to rear its head.

00:30:33.000 We've got DNA damage, but you can't look in the mirror and be like, oh, I have DNA damage today.

00:30:39.000 It's like, well, you can look in the mirror and be like, oh, my gums are falling apart.

00:30:42.000 I probably have scurvy.

00:30:44.000 This is something you can't see.

00:30:46.000 And what happens is, over decades of getting this DNA damage, Because it happens at random places in your genes, eventually you get it in a place that you don't want.

00:30:55.000 You get it in a gene that's important for controlling cell cycle or stopping bad cells from, you know, dividing and proliferating.

00:31:03.000 These are called tumor suppressor genes.

00:31:05.000 And when you get it in one of those, you're screwed because now you got some funky cell that doesn't pass those checkpoints that usually...

00:31:13.000 Our genes are making sure they don't pass this checkpoint if they're funny.

00:31:17.000 And then they pass it and they start dividing and proliferating and now you've got this clonal population of cancer cells.

00:31:25.000 But that takes decades to happen.

00:31:28.000 So if you're walking around with not sub-adequate levels of magnesium, you're not going to know anything until you're in your 50s or 60s and you come down with cancer.

00:31:40.000 That's intense.

00:31:41.000 So now when you read something like this, you know, vitamins don't work, case closed, and you find out this is the research that they did, and this is the conclusion that they came to from the research, that's so irresponsible and so infuriating.

00:31:55.000 I agree.

00:31:56.000 It's, you know, there's a lot of studies out there that have done meta-analyses and shown just the opposite.

00:32:02.000 You know, it's not like this is the only research that's been done on vitamin and mineral supplementation.

00:32:07.000 The thing that's really infuriating is the big overgeneralizations they did here.

00:32:13.000 For example, there is an important case where taking some vitamins and minerals can be bad, and that is when you have cancer.

00:32:24.000 These people had the opportunity to point that out.

00:32:27.000 Instead of just saying, oh, vitamins are bad, meaning everyone shouldn't take vitamins.

00:32:32.000 In my opinion, they should be educating people on, okay, well, if you already have cancer, this can happen to you.

00:32:41.000 The perfect example is folate.

00:32:45.000 Folate is an essential B vitamin and...

00:32:48.000 It's mostly fortified in a lot of our breads and even junk food, like chips.

00:32:51.000 And I've seen it in chips and crackers and stuff.

00:32:54.000 So not that many people in the United States are deficient in it anymore.

00:32:58.000 I think like 14% of the population.

00:33:00.000 So it's not a huge, huge problem like it was.

00:33:03.000 However, folate is...

00:33:07.000 It's essential to make one of your nucleotides in your DNA. Thymine. 1.00

00:33:12.000 Which means...

00:33:13.000 Without folate, you're not making thymine, and you need folate to basically make new DNA for these new cells that you're making in your body every day.

00:33:21.000 So when you don't have folate, that can actually cause a single-strand break in your DNA, and it can do the stuff I was telling you about by causing mutations and leading to cancer eventually.

00:33:31.000 However, if you already have cancer, everything that's good for you, cancer, it's like cancer is on crack, man.

00:33:37.000 It's like, oh, it's good for you?

00:33:38.000 Yeah, give me some of that.

00:33:40.000 It's like they...

00:33:41.000 They just take over everything that's good because, well, that's their goal, propagate.

00:33:48.000 I want to propagate and take over.

00:33:50.000 So with folate, because cancer cells are dividing, they're trying to replicate themselves, they love folate.

00:33:58.000 They love it because that's what they need to make more DNA, to make more of their cancer cells. 0.94

00:34:03.000 So someone that already has cancer shouldn't be taking high levels of folate.

00:34:07.000 And really, I think these people that wrote this editorial had An obligation to educate them and specifically point this out.

00:34:13.000 There's a mechanism why.

00:34:15.000 Let's talk about it.

00:34:16.000 Instead of making this huge overgeneralization saying multivitamins are bad.

00:34:20.000 What do you think is the motivation behind a study like that?

00:34:23.000 Or a conclusion like that?

00:34:25.000 Since it seems kind of unscientific, it's confusing.

00:34:29.000 I don't understand why they would be motivated to say that based on the findings that they got.

00:34:34.000 Unless putting out that sort of salacious headline would get people thinking or get people responding and cause...

00:34:41.000 Absolutely.

00:34:43.000 It's attention-grabbing.

00:34:45.000 Negative things like that get press.

00:34:48.000 They get attention.

00:34:49.000 I don't know what their motive was, honestly.

00:34:52.000 I kind of feel like that's part of it.

00:34:55.000 I think another part of it is that a lot of medical doctors, they aren't trained in nutrition.

00:35:02.000 They aren't trained in preventative medicine.

00:35:04.000 They aren't trained to understand the importance of all these vitamins and minerals and essential fatty acids.

00:35:09.000 And how they're cofactors for these proteins and what they're doing long term versus short term.

00:35:14.000 When they're trained, they're actually trained to understand how different pharmacological drugs act on certain receptors.

00:35:22.000 It's kind of a different training.

00:35:24.000 So I think in some cases, when you start talking about nutrition and preventative medicine, a lot of people, if you don't know about it, you get kind of threatened and you feel...

00:35:34.000 Like, oh, it must be wrong.

00:35:35.000 I don't know about this.

00:35:37.000 Kind of like one of those responses.

00:35:38.000 And I think that may also have something to do with a lot of the MD physicians that were involved in the study.

00:35:46.000 There's a lot of people that want to be – there's this need to be like a no-nonsense person.

00:35:52.000 Oh, come on. 0.87

00:35:54.000 That's a bunch of hooey. 1.00

00:35:55.000 You don't need any of that.

00:35:56.000 It's all complicated.

00:35:57.000 Is that a response to not wanting to delve into the incredibly deep waters of nutrition and figure out what all these mechanisms are?

00:36:06.000 I mean, is it just sort of a knee-jerk reaction to, oh, it's a bunch of BS? I think there's two reasons.

00:36:14.000 I think one is absolutely it's a visceral response because there is a load of crap out there and it is hard. 0.94

00:36:20.000 It is hard to differentiate between what's the noise and the signal. 0.99

00:36:24.000 And so some people are just like, oh, it's all crap, you know.

00:36:27.000 But I think there's also people that just, it's just too much work. 0.92

00:36:30.000 Like, you know, I want to keep eating what I'm eating and I want to believe it's fine and that's what I want to believe and so I'm going to believe it.

00:36:37.000 I think that's another really, you know, mindset that needs to be changed.

00:36:41.000 And I think, you know, personally, I would love to see people eating more greens, you know, more of these dark green leafy vegetables, which are rich in many different micronutrients, like vitamin K,

00:36:57.000 folic acid, magnesium.

00:36:58.000 I can talk about that in a minute.

00:37:00.000 I think, you know, for people that are just, that aren't going to do that, you know, at least give them a vitamin that's going to give them some of these trace elements and minerals and vitamin D and some of these important micronutrients that they really do need.

00:37:14.000 Magnesium, you know, so at the very least, it's just, it's an easy way to do it.

00:37:18.000 You know, it's an easy way to do it.

00:37:21.000 Yeah, it seems to me that in order to really get a grasp on what is required, what is necessary for your body, it takes an incredible amount of study.

00:37:33.000 I mean, there's so much information that you have to get, not just as far as dietary information, but supplemental information.

00:37:44.000 There's just so much.

00:37:45.000 It almost feels, you feel a little hopeless, like trying to absorb it all and figure out what you actually need and what you don't need.

00:37:53.000 And when you read a study like that, vitamins don't work, case closed.

00:37:57.000 Good!

00:37:57.000 Now I can not think.

00:37:59.000 Let me push that aside and just fucking have an apple and feel like I'm doing my job. 0.87

00:38:03.000 You know, one of the reasons why I made a video to this, you know, response to this editorial was because, you know, A, because... 0.97

00:38:12.000 I could have done some scientific paper and gone through peer review.

00:38:15.000 But, you know, I want to get it to the people.

00:38:17.000 And it's like, at some level, you know, there's other scientists, they don't really care.

00:38:22.000 You know, I want the people to realize that, you know, because these people like my dad, my dad takes a multivitamin and he listens to the news, he gets his information from the TV, like that generation does. 1.00

00:38:32.000 And, you know, it's just, it's so upsetting that like, all of a sudden, my dad could stop taking his vitamin.

00:38:37.000 And I don't want him to stop taking his vitamin because it's You know, it's important that he does take his multivitamin.

00:38:43.000 There are certain, you know, components in that multivitamin that I know he's not getting from his diet.

00:38:49.000 So, you know, at least let him get it from his multivitamin.

00:38:52.000 So this study, there was a meta-analysis that included like 30 different studies, and I really read through them all.

00:39:00.000 And there were a lot of methodological errors, and I point them out in the video where people were just – they weren't measuring levels of any vitamins and minerals and saying – they were measuring some outcome like cardiovascular disease or cognitive function without any – There was no biomarkers saying,

00:39:18.000 oh, look, we gave them this.

00:39:19.000 This changed.

00:39:20.000 That's important when you're doing nutrition research.

00:39:23.000 And that's a really important thing.

00:39:25.000 And if you look at some of the studies that did do that, for example, when they were giving them vitamin D, they gave them vitamin D to a severely deficient population, which is like 12 nanograms per mil.

00:39:35.000 That's severely deficient.

00:39:36.000 We're talking like rickets deficient.

00:39:38.000 And then after their supplementation, they were still deficient.

00:39:41.000 They were still less than 20 nanograms per mil, which is considered deficient.

00:39:44.000 So it's like, okay, well, you're trying to look at this outcome, and yet the dose that you gave these people was inadequate.

00:39:52.000 You didn't raise their levels to anything that was considered adequate by the National Institute of Medicine.

00:40:00.000 Now, when people take vitamin D, what is the exact vitamin D they're supposed to take?

00:40:05.000 They're supposed to take like D2, D3? Yeah, D3. You can take D2, but it's just less efficient to get converted into the active hormone.

00:40:14.000 So D3 is optimal.

00:40:15.000 D3 is optimal.

00:40:16.000 Yeah, D3 is optimal.

00:40:18.000 And like I said, I personally can't tell people how much to take.

00:40:22.000 I can tell them what I take, which is 4,000 IUs a day.

00:40:27.000 And honestly, I can tell them they should Have levels of vitamin D in their blood greater than 30 nanograms per mil.

00:40:33.000 And we should also tell them, if you're not familiar with taking vitamins, that most vitamins need to be taken with food.

00:40:40.000 Yeah, I mean, you can definitely get nauseous if you're taking your vitamins on an empty stomach.

00:40:45.000 Plus, some vitamins, like vitamin B12, if you don't have an acidic environment in your stomach, if you have too acidic of an environment, then you can't.

00:41:01.000 I mean, it's complicated.

00:41:05.000 And also, your gut bacteria also play a role in what you're absorbing, particularly in minerals.

00:41:11.000 And when you take vitamins on an empty stomach, If they're not attached to fats and proteins and carbohydrates, do they absorb as easily?

00:41:19.000 I mean, it seems that...

00:41:21.000 I think there's been research done that shows that your body doesn't really exactly know what to do with vitamins and vitamin form if you take them on an empty stomach with no food attached to them.

00:41:33.000 I mean, I think it depends on what...

00:41:35.000 If it's a mineral, what vitamin.

00:41:38.000 I mean, I'm not exactly sure...

00:41:40.000 But some things you're supposed to take on an empty stomach, like amino acids, some amino acids you take on an empty stomach.

00:41:46.000 I'm not exactly sure about that.

00:41:48.000 Yeah, sorry.

00:41:48.000 Too complicated even for Rhonda.

00:41:50.000 See?

00:41:51.000 That's what I'm saying.

00:41:52.000 There's so much to know about what to take. 0.99

00:41:56.000 My friend Dr. Mark Gordon, every time I talk to him, he fills my head up with shit that I'm never going to remember. 0.95

00:42:01.000 The newest information. 0.98

00:42:03.000 Glutathione and this and that.

00:42:06.000 It's hard.

00:42:07.000 It's hard to keep up with it.

00:42:08.000 Yeah, it is hard.

00:42:10.000 Things do get complicated and I don't have all the answers, but I do dig pretty deep and try to get some information out there to people.

00:42:18.000 Well, that's why these folks who are inclined to be of the no-nonsense group, they find it so easy to dismiss this.

00:42:25.000 I have a friend who's one of those.

00:42:27.000 You know, he and I were talking and he goes, he was like he had this smug look on his face.

00:42:34.000 See that thing they said about vitamins?

00:42:35.000 They don't work.

00:42:36.000 And I said, did you read it?

00:42:38.000 And he said, look, I glossed over it. 0.99

00:42:40.000 I go, did you fucking read it, man? 0.97

00:42:42.000 He goes, well, they say vitamins aren't working. 0.99

00:42:44.000 I go, that's not what they say.

00:42:45.000 And then I showed him what they actually said. 0.99

00:42:47.000 He was like, get the fuck out of here. 0.99

00:42:48.000 That was the test? 0.99

00:42:49.000 And I go, yeah, that was the test.

00:42:50.000 Old people with heart attacks.

00:42:53.000 And they gave them a pill. 1.00

00:42:54.000 Oh, they didn't fucking die any longer. 0.99

00:42:56.000 They didn't live any longer. 1.00

00:42:58.000 Crazy.

00:42:58.000 And how do you even measure cognitive decline in people over 65 with cognitive decline?

00:43:04.000 By a phone call, by the way.

00:43:06.000 Is it really?

00:43:06.000 It was by a phone call.

00:43:08.000 What?

00:43:08.000 Yeah.

00:43:09.000 By a phone call.

00:43:10.000 So they call them up, how you feeling? 1.00

00:43:12.000 Like shit! 1.00

00:43:13.000 Right. 1.00

00:43:13.000 Okay, no improvement. 1.00

00:43:15.000 Yeah, no improvement.

00:43:16.000 Buy a phone call.

00:43:17.000 That really got me.

00:43:19.000 Wow.

00:43:21.000 You were reacting to Brian Dunning.

00:43:25.000 What specific things was he saying that you got so fired up about that you had to contact me?

00:43:31.000 Well, one was that everyone gets their...

00:43:35.000 Yeah.

00:43:35.000 And the other thing was he was saying that it was the vitamin C thing that was getting to me too.

00:43:43.000 He was going on about not needing 2,000 milligrams of vitamin C. And then I looked up some of his stuff and he was also talking about vitamin C not being important or not doing anything for immune function.

00:43:55.000 And then he started talking about some of Linus Pauling's I can tell you what's wrong with that guy and there's a bunch of things, but one of the main reasons he does what he does is that he grew up Mormon, a very strict Mormon background, and then refuted it and now he's an adult and he's just not gonna take any nonsense.

00:44:14.000 He grew up with all nonsense and now he's no nonsense.

00:44:17.000 And I have a unique insight into this because I have some friends that grew up Mormon And now they abandoned it actually in their 40s.

00:44:26.000 And it's really interesting because they're like children in a lot of ways.

00:44:32.000 They're a fundamentalist lifestyle, like growing up in a fundamentalist religion where everything is spelled out for you.

00:44:38.000 And everything is preposterous.

00:44:40.000 But you've accepted that your whole life.

00:44:43.000 You've accepted and you're told not to question and you're told to follow the rules of this ideology. 0.99

00:44:50.000 When you get away from that and you try to figure the world out on your own, Your thinking developed in this incredibly fucked up way. 0.97

00:44:59.000 The way you make your connections to things. 0.97

00:45:02.000 Like you have this black and white sort of connection thing going on in your head.

00:45:08.000 And that's his fundamentalism translated to a fundamental skepticism.

00:45:15.000 So his skepticism is his fundamentalism now.

00:45:18.000 He automatically is skeptical of anything that might require additional thinking or curiosity or something that's going to counter what a lot of people intuitively think to be true.

00:45:35.000 Anything that is bizarre or weird, anything that doesn't seem like you think about someone and then the phone rings and it's them...

00:45:44.000 Nonsense!

00:45:46.000 Nonsense!

00:45:46.000 Immediately try to stop that.

00:45:48.000 He doesn't want anything to be weird.

00:45:50.000 He wants it black and white.

00:45:52.000 From a scientific perspective, science is so often, so often gray.

00:46:00.000 So often not black and white.

00:46:01.000 There are so many gray areas and there are so many trade-offs.

00:46:05.000 Trade-offs are really another thing.

00:46:08.000 You're doing something, you have a certain diet, and you think it's like...

00:46:12.000 It's going to give me best performance.

00:46:14.000 It's going to give me best cognitive function and make me live longer.

00:46:17.000 And it's like, well, there's some trade-offs here for getting all these things.

00:46:20.000 And I think actually that's a really important...

00:46:23.000 It's not black and white.

00:46:25.000 And so people that have that type of thinking that have been trained that way and just like you were saying, you know, they've...

00:46:30.000 They've built up these connections where, you know, it's black and white, and if it's not black, then it's definitely white. 0.61

00:46:35.000 And it's like, that's just not how it works.

00:46:37.000 Well, their religion becomes just this skepticism.

00:46:39.000 And instead of it being an open-minded, objective analysis of what's at hand, instead, they just want to stuff it into this skepticism box, you know, and immediately debunk things.

00:46:50.000 People love to debunk things.

00:46:52.000 It becomes like a badge of honor.

00:46:54.000 It becomes like they get a checkmark on their column.

00:46:57.000 Yeah, they do.

00:46:57.000 Yeah.

00:46:58.000 When you talk about science being grey, of course oftentimes it's not, but oftentimes it is.

00:47:04.000 But the reality of the science of biology is what's really important to kind of drive home.

00:47:11.000 Human beings vary so much.

00:47:15.000 If you get a phone, okay, like this phone that I have here, I have a good one.

00:47:20.000 It works great.

00:47:21.000 But you could get a same manufacturer, the same Samsung Galaxy Note 3. You can get it from somebody else or from a provider.

00:47:29.000 It's the same components.

00:47:31.000 It's built the same way.

00:47:32.000 It weighs the same thing on a scale. 1.00

00:47:34.000 And yours sucks. 1.00

00:47:35.000 It fucking breaks. 1.00

00:47:37.000 It fails. 0.99

00:47:38.000 Let me give you a perfect example.

00:47:39.000 So I was talking about folate, right?

00:47:41.000 Folate's important to make thymine, you know, nucleotide.

00:47:45.000 It's also important to, when you eat protein, you know, methionine and amino acid and protein, it gets converted into homocysteine.

00:47:52.000 And you need folate because it's a methyl donor that then gets methylated and reconverted back into methionine because you don't want too much homocysteine around in your body because it does bad things.

00:48:03.000 It basically makes proteins start aggregating and it causes vascular disease and cognitive decline.

00:48:08.000 Anyways, 40% of North Americans Have a polymorphism in a gene called the methylene tetrahydrate folate reductase, also known as the MTHFR, 0.93

00:48:24.000 or the motherfucker gene, basically.

00:48:27.000 But 40% of North Americans have this polymorphism in this gene that doesn't make it work correctly. 0.98

00:48:33.000 And so what ends up happening is they can't remethylate this homocysteine to convert it back into methionine.

00:48:38.000 So they end up having elevated levels of homocysteine in their blood.

00:48:42.000 And unless they take more folic acid to sort of compensate from that, they're going to have higher levels of homocysteine in their blood, which will lead to vascular problems and cognitive decline.

00:48:54.000 So, yeah, exactly.

00:48:56.000 It's a perfect thing.

00:48:56.000 It's like how much folate I take versus how much you take or if I'm from Canada, you know, who knows?

00:49:01.000 I mean, you may have this polymorphism and you have to take, you know, five times more folate than I do.

00:49:08.000 Well, there's also the variables like how many people grow up and you're in an environment that your biology is not accustomed to.

00:49:17.000 People who come from other countries and then they're in a specific country that's unique to their biology.

00:49:23.000 Like what the Native Americans experienced when they were introduced to alcohol.

00:49:29.000 Like this is not something that their biology was accustomed to and they really didn't have the ability to deal with it.

00:49:35.000 Whereas the Europeans who had been drinking alcohol for, you know, Absolutely. 0.89

00:49:59.000 Absolutely.

00:50:01.000 Absolutely.

00:50:10.000 There's so many variables.

00:50:12.000 There's so many components.

00:50:14.000 It's so complicated.

00:50:16.000 Absolutely.

00:50:16.000 Even your gut microbiome adapts within 24 hours.

00:50:22.000 If you're eating mostly a protein diet, the different interior types that are in your gut, they've shown that people that eat mostly meat and fat, they're bacteria.

00:50:35.000 They have bacteria that's We're good to go.

00:50:44.000 We're good to go.

00:51:05.000 The amino acids.

00:51:07.000 So your body is very plastic and it does adapt to, you know, different dietary changes.

00:51:13.000 Do you take probiotics?

00:51:14.000 I do.

00:51:16.000 So, yeah, I do take probiotics.

00:51:20.000 The whole gut is so fascinating.

00:51:25.000 I work with someone that's doing a lot of research on the gut.

00:51:28.000 And so, you know, I get to learn just from, you know, their research and reading on my own About the complexities of it, but it's fascinating how important that bacteria is in our gut and how important certain types are and how that affects the way we respond to disease,

00:51:46.000 the way we age.

00:51:51.000 It's complicated.

00:51:52.000 It's very complicated.

00:51:54.000 It is complicated in the environment that's inside your gut.

00:52:00.000 It actually can contribute to your mood.

00:52:02.000 It can contribute to depression.

00:52:04.000 It can contribute to all sorts of various aspects of your immune system.

00:52:08.000 Absolutely.

00:52:09.000 If your gut is...

00:52:13.000 If you have basically your innate immune system is being active down there because it's unhappy, causing inflammation, things like having high C-reactive protein has been correlated to depression.

00:52:26.000 That's actually...

00:52:28.000 A biomarker that I think could be used with depression is actually C-reactive protein instead of just this vague kind of, okay, I feel this, I feel that.

00:52:38.000 Well, let's measure your C-reactive protein levels.

00:52:40.000 Okay, yeah, wow, they're really high.

00:52:43.000 They've even done some studies where they've They've gotten depressed patients, found that they had high C-reactive protein, gave them like two grams of EPA. EPA is the omega-3 fatty acid that's important for – it's like anti-inflammatory as opposed to DHA,

00:52:58.000 which is most of your brain lipids are DHA. But two grams of EPA a day, I forgot for how long, but they lowered their C-reactive protein and helped with their depression.

00:53:10.000 So that's pretty profound.

00:53:12.000 That is very profound.

00:53:13.000 The connection between the human body and depression is such a weird one because for so many folks, they go to a doctor, they don't feel good, the doctor gives them an antidepressant, they feel better, and then that's it.

00:53:26.000 But there could have been so many other factors that could have been manipulated.

00:53:32.000 Either their diet, their exercise routine, hydrating. 1.00

00:53:35.000 I mean, how many people are fucking just dehydrated and they feel like shit? 1.00

00:53:39.000 How many people get out of a bad relationship and they feel like shit? 1.00

00:53:42.000 How many people have a bad job? 0.98

00:53:44.000 I mean, consider...

00:53:45.000 What people consider to be, you know, depression.

00:53:49.000 You know, you're moody.

00:53:52.000 You're down in the dumps.

00:53:53.000 You're not feeling good.

00:53:55.000 You have bad thoughts all the time.

00:53:57.000 And then consider what's the stimulation that your brain is receiving every day. 1.00

00:54:02.000 Well, you're driving in traffic in fucking pollution to a cubicle where you sit and do shit that you don't want to do all day. 0.99

00:54:08.000 You get home and then you force feed yourself, you know, some terrible foods because you're depressed and you're, you know, just sort of indulging, giving yourself some pleasure and fucking shitty macaroni and cheese or whatever you're stuffing down your face. 0.99

00:54:22.000 And then you wonder why you're depressed. 0.99

00:54:23.000 Right.

00:54:24.000 Absolutely.

00:54:25.000 This reminds me of a study where they're using telomere length.

00:54:29.000 So telomeres are like caps at the end of your chromosomes.

00:54:33.000 That prevent your DNA from degrading and from getting damaged.

00:54:38.000 People often refer to like the tips of shoelaces like telomeres because they prevent your shoelaces from fraying.

00:54:43.000 And these telomere lengths, when you're young, they're long.

00:54:48.000 But each time your cell divides, they get shorter and shorter.

00:54:52.000 Like with each year, they're getting shorter.

00:54:53.000 I think you lose like 22 nucleotides a year off your telomeres.

00:54:57.000 And it's a biological marker for aging.

00:54:59.000 So the shorter your telomeres are, You know, the shorter your life is, basically.

00:55:03.000 If you look at telomeres from a young person versus an old person, you can see the dramatic differences.

00:55:07.000 And stress, stress has been correlated with taking like five years off your telomere length.

00:55:14.000 And the opposite's been true.

00:55:15.000 Meditation, they've shown that meditation, there's actually an enzyme that can rebuild your telomeres, but we don't express it in high levels.

00:55:22.000 It's called telomerase.

00:55:24.000 But meditation can actually boost the expression of telomerase.

00:55:29.000 And cause your telomeres to get longer.

00:55:31.000 So there's really something to that, you know, having a more relaxed, being able to meditate, not having a lot of stress, you know, affecting the way you age, literally, and we have a biological marker for it.

00:55:44.000 Yeah, it's really interesting.

00:55:45.000 It's another thing, vitamin D, I wanted to, vitamin D affects the telomere length also.

00:55:50.000 If you Google vitamin D receptor mice and pull up this image with the, there's mice, aging mice, So vitamin D actually does affect the way we age.

00:56:02.000 And they did this study in twins where they looked at their vitamin D levels.

00:56:06.000 They measured their vitamin D levels and they looked at their telomere length.

00:56:09.000 And they found that those twins with the highest levels of vitamin D also had the longest telomeres that corresponded to actually five years, being five years younger, even though they were twins, their same chronological age.

00:56:22.000 Their telomeres looked like they were five years younger if they had higher levels of vitamin D. Do you know anything about TA65? This is some sort of a supplement that's supposed to enhance your telomere lengths?

00:56:39.000 I haven't heard of it.

00:56:41.000 No.

00:56:42.000 But vitamin D exercise is another one that does.

00:56:46.000 They've done studies showing, again in twins, those that exercise the most actually had telomere length that corresponded to being 10 years younger.

00:56:56.000 And those that exercise sort of like average compared to those that didn't had an average of like I think four years.

00:57:02.000 So there's things that affect the way you age and we have markers for that, biological markers like telomere length that proves your lifestyle is indeed affecting the way you age.

00:57:15.000 Yeah, I'd read this telomere study, and I had seen the ads for this supplement.

00:57:20.000 Whoa, did you see these mice?

00:57:22.000 Check this out.

00:57:23.000 So those two mice, these are the same age mouse.

00:57:26.000 The top panel, these mice are about four and a half months old.

00:57:29.000 And the one on the left is a vitamin D receptor knockout mouse, which means it can't respond to vitamin D. So it's like not having any vitamin D. If you look at the lower panel, those are the same age four months later.

00:57:43.000 Look how rapidly that mouse is aging without having vitamin D. I mean, there's lots of things going wrong.

00:57:49.000 I mean, I told you that vitamin D is regulating over a thousand different genes in your body.

00:57:52.000 So inflammation, I mean, cognitive function.

00:57:56.000 I mean, there's a lot of things.

00:57:57.000 But look at that.

00:57:58.000 It's pretty striking.

00:57:59.000 Have you ever thought about going into business where you provide some sort of a service where people get tested regularly?

00:58:08.000 And then they develop specific vitamin protocols for each individual person?

00:58:13.000 Yeah, I know.

00:58:15.000 My boss and I, we talk about that all the time.

00:58:19.000 Why don't you do it?

00:58:20.000 That sounds like a great idea.

00:58:21.000 I've got this assay where I can actually measure DNA damage in your body from your blood.

00:58:26.000 And that's also a marker for age because, you know, the older you are, the more DNA damage you have, and I can measure that clinically.

00:58:33.000 So what we're thinking is, like, giving people magnesium and seeing if we can, you know, lessen that damage because their DNA repair is working better.

00:58:42.000 But that would be really cool.

00:58:44.000 Another thing would be vitamin D, measuring, doing the vitamin D, magnesium.

00:58:48.000 Yeah, I think there's a few micronutrients that we know of that are really important for long-term effects.

00:58:57.000 You know, like I was saying, there's often this trade-off where, okay, let's say you're getting some vitamin K, but you don't have enough.

00:59:05.000 In fact, 35% of the U.S. population doesn't get enough vitamin K. Vitamin K is found in plants because it's a part of their – they need it for photosynthesis.

00:59:14.000 So if you're not eating a lot of green plants, then you might not be getting enough vitamin K. But vitamin K is often known for being part of coagulation, being important to make your blood clot right.

00:59:27.000 And that's an essential function.

00:59:28.000 So I'm sure any vitamin K you're getting is going towards that because you want your blood to clot right.

00:59:33.000 You don't want to bleed out and have a hemorrhage, right?

00:59:35.000 But there's other important functions of vitamin K. Vitamin K also prevents the calcification of your arteries.

00:59:41.000 And so if all your vitamin K is going towards the proteins that are important for clotting, then the proteins that are important for not having calcification in your arteries aren't getting any.

00:59:51.000 And then, you know, two, three decades later, you start to see this calcification in the arteries.

00:59:56.000 And in fact, people that are given warfarin, which is a really common drug for inhibiting vitamin K, they end up having problems with calcification in their arteries and stuff.

01:00:09.000 So, you know...

01:00:12.000 I think there's a lot to understanding how these micronutrients work that we don't know yet, and we're starting to try to be able to do some experiments to understand them, but the bottom line is that Your body's smart,

01:00:27.000 and if you don't have enough of a certain vitamin or mineral, it's going to shunt it to the one that's going to help you survive now and help you reproduce, because that's what it wants to do.

01:00:37.000 And these other things, like repairing damaged DNA or having your brain work optimally, you don't have to be that smart to survive.

01:00:46.000 These things, they probably get the short end.

01:00:51.000 Vitamins, in my mind, are sort of like a long-term thinking.

01:00:54.000 You're thinking long-term.

01:00:55.000 It's like, yeah, okay, well, I'm not walking around with any acute deficiencies, which is what most people think when they're thinking, oh, I have enough vitamins and minerals because I don't have beriberi.

01:01:04.000 I don't have, you know, these problems that are severe deficiencies.

01:01:08.000 It's like if you're severely deficient, you're going to have some symptoms that you'll notice.

01:01:12.000 But most of these symptoms you're not going to notice.

01:01:15.000 They're insidious damage.

01:01:17.000 It's happening, you know, a little bit at a time over decades.

01:01:21.000 Right.

01:01:22.000 It's amazing to me that there's not a center where you could go and get a full workup done and they provide you with a recipe for your vitamin supplementation needs.

01:01:35.000 See, that's the future.

01:01:36.000 That is what we want.

01:01:37.000 We want to get it to where we can just get a finger prick of blood.

01:01:41.000 And we'll know different proteins we can measure that we know are involved in long-term functions versus the short-term functions of these vitamins.

01:01:49.000 And we can say, based on looking at these proteins, we can say, okay, you need more of this and this and this vitamin.

01:01:56.000 Like, that's going to be the future.

01:01:58.000 It would seem like, I mean, you go to the dentist.

01:02:00.000 I mean, the dentist is a normal, common thing.

01:02:02.000 They're everywhere to repair your teeth.

01:02:04.000 Right.

01:02:04.000 And that's such a basic thing, you know?

01:02:07.000 Yeah.

01:02:08.000 The idea of going to someone who measures your blood and finds out what you're lacking in your diet, that's not normal.

01:02:16.000 You know, I think instead of going to a doctor to try to find a quick fix to get some, you know, you're depressed, so they give you an SSRI. Well, you know, we don't know what the long-term effects of some of these pharmaceutical drugs are in our brain.

01:02:28.000 Like, they just had this study that came out a couple months ago on antipsychotics.

01:02:33.000 Which they routinely give people with schizophrenia.

01:02:36.000 And they found that these antipsychotics, in a dose-dependent manner, cause brain atrophy.

01:02:42.000 And they followed these people over 15 years.

01:02:45.000 This is the first long-term effect of antipsychotics that came out.

01:02:49.000 It was a really big study.

01:02:52.000 And they showed that these schizophrenic patients, the higher the dose of antipsychotic they were on, the more brain atrophy.

01:02:59.000 You know, it's like, so here you are giving these people antipsychotics and, you know, 15 years from now, their brain is like literally, it's like atrophying at a rapid rate.

01:03:10.000 So that's just a classic example of us not knowing what some of these long-term effects of some of these pharmacological drugs that we're doing, especially when it comes to the brain.

01:03:18.000 There are so many feedback loops.

01:03:20.000 Like if you're inhibiting serotonin from being metabolized or reuptake, I mean, you've got serotonin sitting around.

01:03:26.000 Your body starts to down-regulate serotonin receptors, which is how your body responds to serotonin.

01:03:31.000 You know, it's like there's feedback things going on that I don't think we even understand.

01:03:35.000 And, you know, one out of ten Americans is taking an SSRI. It's so crazy.

01:03:40.000 It's crazy.

01:03:41.000 And I know that they have benefited some people.

01:03:45.000 I know people that they have benefited.

01:03:47.000 Sure.

01:03:47.000 But it's, have they exhausted all the other possible options?

01:03:51.000 I have a friend who's on an SSRI, and he recently found out that he had been taking Propecia, and he recently found out that Propecia actually caused depression in some people.

01:04:05.000 It can cause depression in some people.

01:04:07.000 And he quit.

01:04:08.000 He quit taking Propecia, and he's starting to feel like maybe that was the cause of his depression in the first place.

01:04:14.000 But he's on an SSRI now, so now he has to figure out what to do.

01:04:18.000 Was it the Propecia that caused his depression?

01:04:21.000 Was it going to happen anyway?

01:04:24.000 Is it the SSRI that he... 0.98

01:04:25.000 But he also eats a lot of candy and doesn't take care of his body and doesn't really exercise and, you know, he has a shitty diet.

01:04:32.000 All those things can factor into a low production of serotonin in your mind. 0.64

01:04:38.000 Absolutely.

01:04:38.000 All those things can factor into, you know, just a clogging of the pathways of neurotransmitters.

01:04:44.000 Dopamine, too.

01:04:45.000 I mean, omega-3 fatty acids, you know, 30% of your brain is made of DHA, which is an omega-3 fatty acid.

01:04:53.000 And they've shown that actually DHA affects...

01:04:55.000 The way dopamine is signaling in your brain.

01:04:58.000 So, you know, in terms of like back to the schizophrenia, people with schizophrenia, you make dopamine in this frontal part of your cortex.

01:05:06.000 And the dopamine that you make there negatively feeds back on this dopamine that you make in the back part of your brain.

01:05:12.000 And if you don't have that negative feedback, what happens is that you start making more dopamine in that back part of your brain.

01:05:18.000 You start to have like negative things like hallucinations and paranoia and things like that.

01:05:22.000 Yeah, and so they've shown that omega-3, they've actually given omega-3 fatty acids, DHA, to schizophrenics and shown that it actually elevates the dopamine in the frontal part of the brain and helps regulate some of that negative feedback.

01:05:37.000 You know, and so it's like...

01:05:39.000 How many people are getting their eating fish every single day or getting their omega-3 fatty acids for their brain every single day?

01:05:46.000 I mean, I know I am, but I'm pretty much an exception.

01:05:50.000 You know, a lot of people that are depressed, like I said, the EPA is another big thing because inflammation has been shown to be correlated with depression.

01:05:58.000 Yeah.

01:05:59.000 Yeah.

01:06:01.000 Yeah.

01:06:19.000 Yeah, I've seen some studies on how EPA, like giving even like higher doses of EPA to people with like arthritis, you know, they're inhibiting some of the production of like arachnidonic acid and some of these prostaglandins and things that are involved in inflammation, which a lot of people are getting because they're eating,

01:06:35.000 you know, they're getting a lot of omega-6 fatty acids too.

01:06:37.000 So yeah, I've seen studies where it's been shown to improve it, you know.

01:06:41.000 Now, you were looking at this MCT oil over here, and you were saying that it's lacking something.

01:06:46.000 Oh, yeah.

01:06:48.000 It's interesting because I actually cook with coconut oil, and at some periods of my life, I had put it in my coffee.

01:07:00.000 But coconut oil has lower gas.

01:07:01.000 It's got medium-chain triglycerides, which basically is 12 carbons or less.

01:07:08.000 Lipids are just like long chains of carbons that are bound together with hydrogens.

01:07:13.000 So the way your body processes long-chain fatty acids is very different from short-chain fatty acids.

01:07:19.000 The way it processes long-chain fatty acids, for one...

01:07:23.000 I should probably get to that in a minute.

01:07:24.000 Okay, let me start with the medium-chain fatty acids.

01:07:26.000 Basically...

01:07:26.000 Get your paper and pen, ladies and gentlemen.

01:07:28.000 This shit's going to get confusing. 0.98

01:07:30.000 It's pretty awesome. 0.99

01:07:32.000 The way you digest it's different.

01:07:34.000 It goes straight to your portal vein.

01:07:36.000 It goes to your liver.

01:07:38.000 And then it goes into the mitochondria without having to go through this transport system.

01:07:43.000 And it sort of slightly uncouples the mitochondria.

01:07:45.000 It's thermogenic.

01:07:46.000 And it has all these great benefits for mitochondria.

01:07:50.000 But an interesting thing with lauric acid is that it's also been shown to be an appetite suppressant.

01:07:56.000 It's through a couple of these different appetite-suppressing hormones.

01:08:00.000 I think CCK is one.

01:08:01.000 I can't remember what that stands for.

01:08:04.000 And it's also antimicrobial.

01:08:06.000 So it's been shown to kill off like candida albicans, which is like a yeast.

01:08:11.000 So lauric acid is 12 carbons.

01:08:13.000 And a lot of MCT oils don't have lauric acid.

01:08:17.000 And I just can't figure out why they wouldn't want lauric acid.

01:08:20.000 Because when I take coconut oil, I'm like, you know, lauric acid is like...

01:08:25.000 The thing that I'm really excited about.

01:08:26.000 So it's not naturally in coconut oil?

01:08:29.000 No, it is.

01:08:29.000 It's in coconut oil.

01:08:30.000 But these MCT oils that people put together, a lot of them don't have lauric acid in it.

01:08:36.000 Because they'll have less than 12-carbons.

01:08:39.000 So lauric acid is a 12-carbon...

01:08:41.000 Mm-hmm.

01:08:41.000 Medium chain fatty acids.

01:08:43.000 And medium chain triglycerides, how are they exactly extracted from coconut oil?

01:08:48.000 Do you understand the process?

01:08:49.000 I don't know how they do that and I haven't read about it.

01:08:51.000 Yeah.

01:08:52.000 But there is some process that allows it to have this lauric acid.

01:08:55.000 How do you spell it?

01:08:56.000 L-A-U-R-I-C. Lauric acid.

01:08:59.000 Dude, lauric acid is awesome.

01:09:01.000 Well, I'm going to make sure that Onnit starts making MCT oil with lauric acid.

01:09:05.000 Nice, yeah.

01:09:06.000 And what are the benefits of lauric acid, again, specifically for combining it with MCT oil or making sure that it's in MCT oil?

01:09:13.000 Well, it is an MCT, but the benefits is, one, is appetite suppressing, and two, it's a very strong antimicrobial, so it's good for your gut.

01:09:23.000 It's killing off yeast.

01:09:24.000 It's been shown to kill off You know, candida albicans.

01:09:28.000 It also has the same thermogenic properties, all that the 8-chain fatty acids have.

01:09:35.000 Now, do some MCT oils have it?

01:09:37.000 Have you seen it in a lot of MCT oils?

01:09:38.000 No, I haven't done a survey.

01:09:40.000 I just look at this one and I see that it says 8 carbon medium-chain triglycerides from coconut and or palm kernel.

01:09:51.000 To me, that says it's not having the 12-carbon, which is loric acid.

01:09:55.000 But, you know, I don't know.

01:09:58.000 Right.

01:09:59.000 Another thing that someone said to me that they were concerned about was that it's stored in plastic.

01:10:05.000 Is there an issue with plastic leaching chemicals into things like MCT oil?

01:10:11.000 I mean, they've shown that certain chemicals, you know, especially in the presence of heat, can leach chemicals into whatever is in the plastic container.

01:10:20.000 So if, like, that plastic container sits in the backseat of your car and your windows are rolled down or something along those lines?

01:10:26.000 I always try to keep oils at 4 degrees in the refrigerator because it slows that, you know, obviously the oxidation process and all those, the heat, you know, is slowed down, so...

01:10:37.000 Ideally, though, what should that be stored in?

01:10:39.000 It shouldn't ideally be stored in plastic.

01:10:42.000 Should it be in a metal?

01:10:43.000 Should it be in a glass?

01:10:45.000 You know, it's not a real big concern of mine, so I haven't really put any thought into it, no.

01:10:49.000 So as long as it's just not allowed to be exposed to heat, and as long as you're reasonably sure that the process from the storage in the plant, you know, the canning, the bottling, whatever it is, to storage to store, that it's not sitting out in the sun.

01:11:05.000 Yeah, I mean...

01:11:07.000 Because that's the thing that people are really concerned with, right?

01:11:09.000 Plastic bottles, bottle waters.

01:11:09.000 They're concerned with like BPA, which can leach into water and stuff.

01:11:14.000 Yeah, like I have a friend, his girlfriend went to drink a bottle of water that was in the car that she had sitting in the backseat. 0.74

01:11:21.000 He's like, don't drink it! 1.00

01:11:22.000 You know, like, it's a fucking bomb! 1.00

01:11:23.000 My mom did that to me once. 1.00

01:11:25.000 Really?

01:11:25.000 For the same reason, right?

01:11:27.000 It was a long time ago, but yeah.

01:11:29.000 Is that something you, I mean, if you have a bottle of water and it's sitting in your car and it's a hot day, should you not drink that bottle of water because it's been sitting in your car?

01:11:36.000 It's probably not going to kill you to drink it, you know, once.

01:11:39.000 But, you know, I wouldn't do it all the time.

01:11:42.000 So...

01:11:42.000 What happens to the...

01:11:43.000 I mean, the bottle, like, heats up and then the plastics leach out into the water and then it affects hormones in some sort of a way, right?

01:11:51.000 Yeah, I mean, they've shown that, you know, I'm not an expert on...

01:11:54.000 I've done a little bit of reading on this, so, you know, I'm not going to claim to be any expert here.

01:11:58.000 But, yeah, they've shown that...

01:11:59.000 BPA can have some estrogen-mimicking effects.

01:12:04.000 That's particularly, I think, a concern, especially in developing males.

01:12:08.000 I'm going to email you this TA65 stuff because I want you to check it out.

01:12:13.000 Please check this out.

01:12:14.000 Yeah, no, for sure.

01:12:15.000 But it's about the telomeres.

01:12:17.000 Telomeres.

01:12:18.000 Yeah, yeah, yeah.

01:12:21.000 So, I'm going to...

01:12:24.000 I'm emailing you that right now because I had a friend who asked me about it and I didn't know and I felt like you were the perfect person to throw this by.

01:12:31.000 And then lauric acid.

01:12:33.000 Lauric acid, yeah.

01:12:33.000 Like I said, I don't ever buy MCT oil myself.

01:12:37.000 I just use coconut oil.

01:12:40.000 So is there a benefit in using coconut oil over MCT oil?

01:12:43.000 Well, only if the...

01:12:45.000 I think lauric acid's a benefit, but if the MCT oil has lauric acid in it...

01:12:49.000 What's the benefit of MCT oil over coconut oil?

01:12:52.000 You know, I think they just...

01:12:54.000 Not having the other long-chain fatty acids in there that's also in coconut oil would be a benefit.

01:13:00.000 But are those long-chain fatty acids beneficial?

01:13:04.000 It's just fat.

01:13:05.000 I mean, it's saturated fat.

01:13:07.000 So, you know...

01:13:08.000 Bad fat?

01:13:09.000 Good fat?

01:13:10.000 Yeah.

01:13:11.000 It's debatable, right?

01:13:12.000 It's debatable.

01:13:13.000 Yeah, I think...

01:13:14.000 So when it comes down to eating a lot of fat, you obviously need fat.

01:13:19.000 I mean, fat's important.

01:13:21.000 You need cholesterol for your brain.

01:13:23.000 60% of your brain dry weight is fat.

01:13:26.000 Your cell membranes are fat.

01:13:27.000 You hear that? 0.96

01:13:28.000 You freak vegans out there.

01:13:29.000 You need cholesterol.

01:13:31.000 You do need cholesterol.

01:13:32.000 I say that in my act as a joke about vegans, that they say silly things because they don't get cholesterol.

01:13:38.000 There's trade-offs, dude.

01:13:38.000 This is what I'm talking about.

01:13:39.000 So...

01:13:41.000 I've done a little bit of research and I plan on doing more and actually coming out with a report on this, but I'll just talk about what I've done.

01:13:48.000 I like to dig, really dig, and make sure I'm comprehensive.

01:13:51.000 When you digest fats, you have to make bile acids to basically be able to absorb them.

01:14:02.000 Some of these bile acids that you make when you digest fat are carcinogenic.

01:14:10.000 Deoxycholic acid, DCA, is one that I'm talking about in particular.

01:14:14.000 So that's kind of like, you know, every time you're eating fat, your body's making this DCA, which damages DNA, damages DNA in your epithelial cells, lining your intestine.

01:14:24.000 So, you know, that's sort of a drawback, but it doesn't mean you should stop eating fat.

01:14:28.000 It just means you should be aware if you're eating 60 or 70% fat diet that you might want to consider some of these long-term effects that could rear their head later in life.

01:14:39.000 Also, eating fat increases IGF-1 because IGF-1 is a growth factor.

01:14:47.000 You probably have heard of it because in the fitness community, it's sort of like a downstream media or growth hormone.

01:14:52.000 People are always really excited about having more IGF-1 because it helps you bulk on muscle.

01:15:00.000 Things like that.

01:15:01.000 But also, if you have too much of it that you're making over a lifetime, it's a growth signal that tells cells to overcome the checkpoints I was talking about earlier where you have these checkpoints where if you have some damaged DNA that has a mutation, then...

01:15:17.000 The cell goes, okay, it's time to die.

01:15:19.000 But lots of IGF-1 there says, oh, I don't have to die.

01:15:21.000 I'm going to keep going.

01:15:22.000 So, you know, it's highly correlated with cancer, IGF-1.

01:15:26.000 So, IGF-1 being in high doses, IGF-1 being like what doses are correlated with cancer?

01:15:35.000 Yeah, that's a great question.

01:15:36.000 Yeah, so basically people with cancer, they have, like, it's just out of control.

01:15:40.000 So people have gigantism.

01:15:42.000 They must have an issue with this, right?

01:15:44.000 Like, that's people that have, like, they have tumors in the pituitary gland.

01:15:48.000 We've had a few of those guys in mixed martial arts that had cancer of the pituitary gland, and then they had the tumor removed so that they could compete in the United States.

01:15:57.000 They were competing overseas in other organizations, like in Pride.

01:16:01.000 They used to allow these guys to fight. 0.99

01:16:03.000 And they would be fucking these literally giants. 0.73

01:16:07.000 We have a guy in the UFC right now. 0.99

01:16:09.000 His name is Bigfoot Silva.

01:16:11.000 Antonio Bigfoot Silva.

01:16:12.000 He has that disease.

01:16:14.000 And he had the tumor removed from his pituitary gland and now he functions on a normal basis.

01:16:18.000 But he has to supplement his hormones because of that.

01:16:21.000 And is that a similar thing?

01:16:24.000 I mean, when you're talking about high IGF-1, is that...

01:16:28.000 Yeah, well, if you're making a lot of growth hormone from your pituitary, I mean, are these people making a lot of growth hormone?

01:16:37.000 Yes, I would assume.

01:16:38.000 I mean, that's why their heads are so big and their bodies are so distorted.

01:16:42.000 That's what he looks like now.

01:16:44.000 That's after the tumor removed.

01:16:47.000 It's a really fascinating situation because you look at the guy and it's quite obvious that his body's gone haywire.

01:16:56.000 His skull's enormous, his hands are enormous.

01:16:58.000 You get to see what he looks like.

01:17:01.000 I mean, he is all the classic.

01:17:02.000 Very good fighter, though.

01:17:03.000 Actually, some people that are making...

01:17:06.000 When your pituitary makes growth hormone and then stimulates the liver to make IGF-1, that IGF-1 negatively feeds back on the pituitary to shut it off.

01:17:15.000 But people that have that sort of problem don't have that negative feedback, and they end up having all sorts of problems.

01:17:21.000 For one, even though IGF-1 can actually make your muscle cells insulin-sensitive, which is good, growth hormone...

01:17:31.000 I think?

01:17:49.000 I don't know.

01:17:51.000 I know that protein and fat stimulate the production of IGF-1.

01:17:59.000 But I don't know about certain amino acids you can take to stimulate growth hormone.

01:18:02.000 I do know...

01:18:03.000 So there's...

01:18:04.000 Growth hormone can be increased from exercise and also from the sauna.

01:18:10.000 Really?

01:18:10.000 Oh, yeah.

01:18:11.000 The sauna, there's...

01:18:13.000 Increase growth hormone to massive levels.

01:18:15.000 The sauna can?

01:18:16.000 Yeah.

01:18:17.000 So it's a good thing to go into a sauna after you work out?

01:18:20.000 It's a great thing to go into a sauna after you work out.

01:18:22.000 Really?

01:18:22.000 And it's also a good thing to go into a sauna when you're not working out if you're injured because it prevents atrophying of muscles.

01:18:30.000 What?

01:18:31.000 That's incredible.

01:18:32.000 I've never heard that before.

01:18:34.000 My husband and I, we did some...

01:18:35.000 I have a report coming out on this probably in a couple of weeks, so I can't...

01:18:39.000 A friend of yours, I think, might...

01:18:44.000 A friend of mine?

01:18:45.000 Yeah.

01:18:46.000 Can you tell me who it is?

01:18:48.000 Tim.

01:18:48.000 Tim Ferriss?

01:18:49.000 Yeah.

01:18:50.000 I don't want to let the cat out of the bag.

01:18:54.000 My husband and I did a lot of experimentation with the sauna because we used to live next door to a YMCA, which had a sauna.

01:19:02.000 We would just go use the sauna all the time.

01:19:06.000 Aside from all the research that I did to write this article, I'll just talk about my experience.

01:19:12.000 When I was injured, I had some injuries, and I couldn't work out for like a month, and I would do the sauna every day.

01:19:19.000 I was not losing my muscle mass like I would have if I wasn't injured.

01:19:24.000 And also it helped me deal with stress.

01:19:29.000 No kidding!

01:19:31.000 That's incredible.

01:19:32.000 I'm so glad I talked to you today because I thought the sauna was nonsense.

01:19:35.000 No!

01:19:36.000 The other day I went to a spa and I got a little massage and then they had a jacuzzi and a sauna. 1.00

01:19:42.000 I was like, who goes in that stupid fucking sauna? 1.00

01:19:44.000 That shit ain't doing nothing. 1.00

01:19:45.000 Just getting all hot in there. 1.00

01:19:47.000 It's doing so much, dude.

01:19:48.000 Why is it doing something?

01:19:49.000 It's just getting you hot.

01:19:50.000 I don't understand what's happening.

01:19:52.000 Yeah, there's a lot of things going on, but I'll tweet you the link.

01:19:58.000 Please do.

01:19:58.000 Yeah, because it's like...

01:19:59.000 Well, email it to me and then I'll tweet it.

01:20:01.000 Yeah, I'll email it to you.

01:20:02.000 It could go to the abyss.

01:20:05.000 There's too many people doing it.

01:20:06.000 Sometimes I refresh my feed and I can't find something that somebody sent me because it's just too much.

01:20:12.000 No.

01:20:12.000 But the sauna, that's a fascinating thing to me because there's infrared saunas as well.

01:20:18.000 Right.

01:20:18.000 Now, what's the benefit of that?

01:20:20.000 Yeah, so I haven't done a ton of research on, like, the differences between just a normal dry sauna, which most of the studies that I read, they're using normal dry saunas.

01:20:28.000 So a dry sauna is awesome.

01:20:30.000 Yeah, dry sauna.

01:20:31.000 I'm just elevating your core body temperature, basically.

01:20:33.000 I think the infrared somehow can heat you up without some of the damaging effects of the heat or something.

01:20:40.000 I'm not exactly sure.

01:20:41.000 I'll just say that I haven't done a lot of research on that, but...

01:20:45.000 You can get infrared saunas and just put them in your garage.

01:20:48.000 My in-laws have one in their garage.

01:20:50.000 Yeah, we have one that my wife loves, and she climbs into it. 1.00

01:20:53.000 It's like a bag.

01:20:55.000 Oh, she's got one of those bags. 1.00

01:20:57.000 I've seen those.

01:20:58.000 Is that worthwhile? 1.00

01:20:59.000 She looks so stupid. 1.00

01:21:01.000 I don't know. 1.00

01:21:02.000 She's got her iPad, and she's watching Breaking Bad, and she's in this fucking sleeping bag. 1.00

01:21:07.000 It's so ridiculous. 0.99

01:21:09.000 Yeah, I'm not sure if that's... 0.78

01:21:10.000 I think to get some of the benefits, you have to kind of push it a little bit.

01:21:12.000 I'm not sure if you're going to...

01:21:14.000 She's pushing it.

01:21:15.000 Is she?

01:21:15.000 Oh, okay.

01:21:15.000 She gets out of there.

01:21:16.000 It's like she swam in the ocean.

01:21:18.000 She's soaked.

01:21:18.000 Wow, okay.

01:21:19.000 I've seen those on Amazon, but I was always curious.

01:21:21.000 Yeah, that's a different one.

01:21:22.000 The image shows a different one.

01:21:24.000 It's a long one?

01:21:25.000 She actually lies down in it. 0.98

01:21:27.000 It's so silly looking. 1.00

01:21:29.000 I thought it was horse shit and voodoo. 1.00

01:21:31.000 Yeah, it has benefits on the brain. 1.00

01:21:34.000 Think about when you exercise.

01:21:36.000 It's like you're elevating your core body temperatures.

01:21:37.000 That's what she has.

01:21:39.000 That's exactly what she has. 1.00

01:21:40.000 She climbs in that goofy fucking thing. 1.00

01:21:42.000 Okay, so her head's not exposed. 1.00

01:21:44.000 So her head is out.

01:21:45.000 Yeah, she needs to get her head in there, right? 1.00

01:21:47.000 I'm going to tell her.

01:21:49.000 Yeah, I don't know. 1.00

01:21:49.000 Put a fucking bag over your head, lady. 1.00

01:21:51.000 Yeah, I think put the head. 1.00

01:21:53.000 Well, I mean, it sounds like there's a great benefit to having one of those things in your house if you have room.

01:21:59.000 Yeah, totally.

01:22:00.000 If you've got a garage, I mean, they don't take up a lot of space.

01:22:03.000 I did not know.

01:22:04.000 That's incredible.

01:22:05.000 I'm so glad I talked to you. 1.00

01:22:06.000 I mean, I just went last week to get a massage and just looked at that stupid thing. 0.99

01:22:11.000 I was like, huh, that hot wood box. 0.99

01:22:13.000 I wish my gym had one.

01:22:14.000 Like, my gym now doesn't have one, and I miss it so much.

01:22:18.000 Wow.

01:22:19.000 Yeah.

01:22:19.000 So how does it stimulate human growth hormone?

01:22:22.000 What does it do?

01:22:23.000 You know, I don't know how it does, but they've measured it.

01:22:26.000 You know, they've measured growth hormone after people have been in the sauna.

01:22:29.000 And is it a temporary benefit of the heat?

01:22:31.000 Yeah, it's a couple of hours after.

01:22:33.000 It's just like if you were to, you know, inject some growth hormone.

01:22:36.000 I don't think it lasts more than a couple of hours either.

01:22:39.000 Right.

01:22:40.000 That is unbelievably fascinating.

01:22:42.000 It is fascinating.

01:22:43.000 But there's an interesting, and I did write a post on this, this trade-off on growth hormone IGF-1 trade-off.

01:22:50.000 And that is, you know, growth hormone and IGF-1 are, you know, they're considered really good, anabolic.

01:22:55.000 They're, you know, help you...

01:22:56.000 I think?

01:23:11.000 Extends their lifespan.

01:23:12.000 So if you take a mouse and you knock out growth hormone receptor, it can live 50% longer.

01:23:19.000 What?

01:23:19.000 50% longer.

01:23:21.000 Like, huge increase in lifespan.

01:23:23.000 That doesn't seem to make any sense because you would think the growth hormone would be repairing the muscle tissue.

01:23:27.000 You would.

01:23:28.000 You would.

01:23:30.000 It's so confusing.

01:23:31.000 And so in people, actually in people, people that have polymorphisms in the IGF-1 receptor, it's associated with like centenarians, like living to be 92 and 100. And that's mostly mediated through not getting cancer.

01:23:48.000 But there is an interesting tradeoff, and I think that...

01:23:54.000 In lower organisms, the reason is that having that reduced insulin signaling helps them deal with stress.

01:24:00.000 They have an increase in gene expression for various different genes that are antioxidant genes, like glutathione reductase and things like that.

01:24:11.000 And also in genes that help them take care of proteins and increasing neurotrophic factors.

01:24:18.000 I'm not sure if the same benefits are true in humans.

01:24:21.000 In humans, mostly, I think they're not getting cancer because of having lower IGF-1.

01:24:27.000 Well, here's the answer about amino acids and growth hormone.

01:24:32.000 Apparently, there's a PubMed study on it.

01:24:35.000 And they're saying that specific amino acids such as arginine, lysine, and orathine can stimulate growth hormone release when infused intravenously or administered orally.

01:24:49.000 Many individuals consume amino acids before strength training, workouts, Believing that this practice accentuates the exercise-induced growth hormone release, thereby promoting greater gains in muscle mass and strength, the growth hormone response to amino acid administration has a high degree of Interindividual variability.

01:25:13.000 That's the first time I've ever read that.

01:25:14.000 I'm 46. I've never read that word.

01:25:18.000 Interindividual.

01:25:18.000 That's a great word, though.

01:25:20.000 Interindividual.

01:25:21.000 Interindividual variability.

01:25:22.000 Interindividual variability.

01:25:23.000 And may be altered by training status, age, sex, and diet, although...

01:25:31.000 Parental administration consistently leads to...

01:25:34.000 No, not parental.

01:25:36.000 Parenteral.

01:25:37.000 Parenteral.

01:25:38.000 What is that word?

01:25:39.000 P-A-R-E-N-T-E-R-A-L? What is that word? 1.00

01:25:44.000 Parenteral.

01:25:45.000 Hmm.

01:25:46.000 Administration considerably...

01:25:47.000 Oh, peritoneal?

01:25:48.000 Peritoneal?

01:25:49.000 Is that it?

01:25:49.000 Is it?

01:25:49.000 Is it peritoneal?

01:25:51.000 Okay, anyways.

01:25:52.000 P-A-R-E-N-T-E-R-A-L. Ineal. 1.00

01:25:57.000 No, it's not ineal.

01:26:00.000 Parenteral. 1.00

01:26:01.000 Let's Google that, motherfucker. 1.00

01:26:03.000 This is the golden age of information. 1.00

01:26:06.000 Okay, let's look up in dictionary.

01:26:07.000 Here we go.

01:26:08.000 It is administered by or occurring elsewhere in the body than the mouth and elementary canal?

01:26:18.000 What's an elementary canal? 0.99

01:26:20.000 God damn it. 1.00

01:26:22.000 There goes fucking confusing shit. 1.00

01:26:25.000 Okay, anyway. 1.00

01:26:26.000 Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah.

01:26:27.000 Leads to increased circulating growth hormone concentration.

01:26:32.000 Oral doses that are great enough to induce significant growth hormone release are likely to cause stomach discomfort and diarrhea.

01:26:39.000 Boom, son!

01:26:41.000 During exercise, intensity is also a major determinant of growth hormone release.

01:26:45.000 Although one study showed that arginine infusion can heighten the growth hormone response to exercise, no studies found that pre-exercise oral amino acid supplementation augments growth hormone release.

01:26:57.000 Further, no appropriately conducted scientific studies found that oral supplementation with amino acids which are capable of inducing growth hormone release before strength training increases muscle mass Hmm.

01:27:15.000 That's interesting.

01:27:16.000 That seems to be contradictory, doesn't it?

01:27:19.000 A little bit?

01:27:20.000 Yeah.

01:27:21.000 I'd have to take a look at the study.

01:27:23.000 If it says that the administration consistently leads to increasing circulation of growth hormone concentration...

01:27:30.000 Oral doses that are great enough to induce significant growth hormone release are likely to cause stomach discomfort and diarrhea.

01:27:36.000 So that means that if you do do that, you will get more growth hormone.

01:27:41.000 You'll also get diarrhea.

01:27:42.000 But doesn't that mean it works?

01:27:43.000 Sounds like it means it works if you're looking at circulating growth hormone as an endpoint.

01:27:48.000 Yeah.

01:27:48.000 So how would they know?

01:27:50.000 That's where it gets confusing, whether they know that it increases strength or muscle mass to a greater extent than the strength training alone.

01:27:56.000 Because a lot of that is variable individually as well.

01:28:00.000 Yeah.

01:28:00.000 You have to do the person itself and do their baseline and then what they would do without the amino acid and then do what they do with it.

01:28:09.000 So you'd have to compare each person to their own self.

01:28:12.000 Yeah, that's the only way to do it, right?

01:28:14.000 Because I've had friends that can just... 0.97

01:28:16.000 I know, I have a friend who just can't fucking pack on muscle. 0.97

01:28:19.000 The guy will lift weights all the time, he lifts heavy, he can't gain weight, he gets a little stronger, but he just can't pack on muscle. 0.98

01:28:26.000 Then I have other friends that they just look at weights and they're...

01:28:29.000 Just grow.

01:28:30.000 It's crazy.

01:28:31.000 It's like some people, they just have that mesomorphic body structure, and they start lifting weights, and their muscles just start expanding and growing, and they just start getting bigger.

01:28:38.000 And other people, they have that ectomorphic thing going on, and they just can't pack it on.

01:28:43.000 So how would you...

01:28:45.000 With those factors, I mean, you'd have to know exactly who you're doing.

01:28:50.000 You'd really have to judge it intensely by the individual alone.

01:28:55.000 Right.

01:28:55.000 Yeah.

01:28:55.000 I think that's the best way to do it, is comparing each person to their baseline self.

01:29:01.000 You know, so...

01:29:03.000 That's crazy, though, that growth hormones in mice allow them to live longer.

01:29:06.000 Yeah, and the converse is true also.

01:29:08.000 If you make a transgenic mouse and overexpress the growth hormone, like they're expressing lots of it, they live 50% shorter.

01:29:16.000 Wow.

01:29:17.000 So it's an interesting trade-off because oftentimes growth hormones are associated with what you want more of it because your growth hormone levels go down as you age and It causes muscle atrophy and your brain atrophy in a sense too.

01:29:39.000 I think it has to do with more of supra-physiological levels of growth hormone, like people that are injecting growth hormone.

01:29:46.000 Like people that are bodybuilders that are taking like 10 units a day.

01:29:50.000 That may be a trade-off.

01:29:51.000 And they get those big bellies from it. 0.98

01:29:53.000 Like I said, if you're...

01:29:58.000 When you make growth hormone from your pituitary and then that stimulates IGF-1 to be made in liver, that then inhibits the production of more growth hormone.

01:30:06.000 I mean, that feedback's there for a reason.

01:30:08.000 And so if you just keep injecting it, you're sort of overcoming that feedback because...

01:30:12.000 Well, your body, you're giving it growth hormone.

01:30:15.000 It's not making more.

01:30:15.000 Even though there's IGF-1, they're saying, shut it off.

01:30:17.000 You're saying, no, I want more.

01:30:19.000 I wonder if there's ever been any studies on people like bodybuilders that are taking massive amounts of growth hormone over long periods of time.

01:30:25.000 Because I read this thing, Dorian, look at that guy.

01:30:29.000 Oh, my God.

01:30:30.000 That's a, oh, my God. 1.00

01:30:33.000 That guy's a monster. 0.99

01:30:34.000 Yeah. 0.99

01:30:35.000 Isn't that, what's his name?

01:30:37.000 Ronnie Coleman.

01:30:38.000 Ronnie Coleman, yeah.

01:30:39.000 He's a former Mr. Olympia.

01:30:41.000 And I think he probably takes a truckload of pharmaceutical drugs every day in order to achieve that physique.

01:30:48.000 But his stomach, that's like apparently one of the things that happens when you take massive amounts of growth hormone is they literally bulge out like they're pregnant.

01:30:58.000 Wow.

01:30:59.000 I would love to see someone study that, to see what happens to those guys when they do that over long periods of time.

01:31:04.000 That would be a really interesting study.

01:31:05.000 Well, the bodybuilding industry or the bodybuilding as a sport is so fascinating to me because essentially you're dealing with these chemical projects.

01:31:14.000 Because that's what they are.

01:31:15.000 They're chemical projects.

01:31:16.000 They're not humans.

01:31:17.000 I mean, when you look at a guy like Ronnie Coleman, you don't get that big.

01:31:22.000 A normal guy doesn't get that big.

01:31:25.000 I mean, you can get big.

01:31:26.000 I had a friend who was a total natural bodybuilder.

01:31:30.000 There's photos of him in his gut.

01:31:32.000 That's so crazy.

01:31:34.000 It's so bizarre.

01:31:35.000 And, you know, I used to think that that was just big stomach muscles.

01:31:38.000 I used to think that he did a lot of abs, so his stomach muscles were huge, until I actually read that their organs grow because of all the hormones that they're on. 0.98

01:31:47.000 It's fucking crazy. 0.99

01:31:49.000 He looks pregnant. 1.00

01:31:50.000 Look at how pregnant he looks. 0.99

01:31:52.000 That's so strange.

01:31:55.000 Yeah, like I said, I know it can cause insulin resistance in the liver.

01:31:59.000 Yeah, well, people get diabetes from it, from overuse of growth hormone.

01:32:02.000 Now, the idea that there's a whole sport dedicated to shooting as many chemicals into your body and turn you into some freak of science, that's a strange sport.

01:32:11.000 It's very strange.

01:32:12.000 But, you know, there's a bit of a trade-off.

01:32:15.000 These people are bulking up, and they're lifting lots of weight, and they're at the expense of a few years in their life.

01:32:24.000 So I think... 0.99

01:32:25.000 They say, fuck it, I'd rather be huge, bro. 1.00

01:32:27.000 Yeah, you know. 1.00

01:32:28.000 I'd rather be huge.

01:32:31.000 What do you think about the studies that have been done on, what is that, the thing that happens to cows?

01:32:43.000 God, I'm trying to remember the exact function.

01:32:48.000 There's something that happens to whippets and it happens to cows. 1.00

01:32:52.000 It's an accidental aspect of breeding that causes them to...

01:32:58.000 Myostatin inhibitors.

01:33:00.000 Do you know about all that?

01:33:01.000 No.

01:33:02.000 Oh, great.

01:33:02.000 I'm going to educate you on something.

01:33:04.000 Yeah.

01:33:04.000 Fantastic.

01:33:05.000 Something happens.

01:33:06.000 Pull up myostatin inhibitor dog.

01:33:11.000 It's a whippet.

01:33:11.000 Apparently it occurs quite frequently amongst these dogs, and they don't look real.

01:33:17.000 They look like Incredible Hulk dogs.

01:33:19.000 What does myostatin do?

01:33:22.000 I'll tell you right now.

01:33:24.000 Myostatin inhibitor dogs.

01:33:29.000 Look at that dog. 0.85

01:33:30.000 That's real. 1.00

01:33:31.000 Holy crap. 0.99

01:33:32.000 Holy crap indeed. 0.98

01:33:34.000 Yeah. 0.91

01:33:35.000 Double-muscled cattle.

01:33:37.000 It happens in cows all the time.

01:33:40.000 Myostatin misfortunes. 0.63

01:33:41.000 It actually occasionally takes place in human beings.

01:33:44.000 There was a boy in Germany that had an issue with myostatin inhibitors.

01:33:50.000 I'll pull that up.

01:33:51.000 Boy in Germany.

01:33:52.000 Boy in Germany.

01:33:54.000 And that's a cow that has it. 1.00

01:33:58.000 And they've done it in mice.

01:34:00.000 And the fascinating thing about them inducing this in mice is that the mice lived longer.

01:34:06.000 They didn't just live longer. 0.98

01:34:07.000 They were fucking huge. 0.99

01:34:09.000 They were like super mice. 0.99

01:34:11.000 Yeah, look at this boy.

01:34:12.000 This is a baby. 1.00

01:34:13.000 Look at the fucking muscles on this kid. 1.00

01:34:14.000 Look at his legs. 1.00

01:34:16.000 Wow.

01:34:17.000 He looks like an athlete.

01:34:18.000 Wait, you pulled up a mouse study.

01:34:20.000 What was that?

01:34:20.000 Yeah, look at the mice.

01:34:21.000 Look at the mice!

01:34:22.000 It's a double-muscled mouse that lives twice as long.

01:34:26.000 That is fascinating.

01:34:27.000 Yeah.

01:34:28.000 Yeah.

01:34:29.000 I'm definitely going to have to look into that, but I still don't know exactly what myostatin does.

01:34:33.000 I'll pull up the thing about the mice.

01:34:36.000 Yeah.

01:34:39.000 I'm pretty sure they live longer.

01:34:41.000 This is hard to do while you're actually trying to do a podcast at the same time.

01:34:45.000 This is how we rock it here, though.

01:34:46.000 We do it live.

01:34:47.000 Because usually bulking up like that is associated with living a shorter life.

01:34:52.000 Yeah.

01:34:53.000 So that's fascinating.

01:34:54.000 Yeah.

01:34:55.000 Yeah, here is myostatin.

01:35:00.000 Yeah, there's apparently, there's quite a few studies that have been done, not just on the mice, but also on dogs and cattle to try to figure this stuff out.

01:35:12.000 This is fascinating.

01:35:14.000 Yeah.

01:35:16.000 If you do a Wikipedia, just like, what is the myostatin research?

01:35:23.000 Okay, yeah, I'll just do it on Wikipedia here.

01:35:26.000 Okay, abbreviated myostatin, also known as growth differentiation factor VIII, abbreviated GDFVIII, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSTN gene Myostatin is a secreted growth differentiation factor that is a member of the TGF beta protein family that inhibits muscle differentiation and growth in the process known as myogenesis.

01:35:55.000 Myostatin is produced primarily in skeletal muscle cells, circulates in the blood, and acts on muscle tissue by binding cells.

01:36:04.000 A cell-bound receptor called the activin type 2 receptor and animals lacking myostatin or animals treated with substances that block the activity of myostatin have significantly larger muscles.

01:36:18.000 And this could be of economic benefit to the livestock industry.

01:36:21.000 However, these animals require special care and feeding which offsets the potential economic advantage.

01:36:27.000 Look at that boy.

01:36:30.000 So it doesn't say anything about their lifespan.

01:36:32.000 Look at that boy's body. 0.99

01:36:33.000 What the fuck is going on there? 1.00

01:36:35.000 That boy is yoked. 1.00

01:36:37.000 I do not want to go to school with that kid. 0.99

01:36:39.000 Can you imagine how bummed out you'd be if you were both 10 and you're like, why does Billy have a fucking 12-pack and I look like a girl? 1.00

01:36:50.000 That's ridiculous. 0.99

01:36:52.000 I mean, what does that kid... 0.96

01:36:53.000 I mean, I wonder if they're going to allow him to, like, wrestle and do athletics.

01:36:57.000 That seems unfair.

01:36:58.000 Yeah, he's got a little bit of an inch. 1.00

01:37:00.000 A little fucking kid's going to take other kids and just fucking hurl them across the room? 1.00

01:37:03.000 I win! 1.00

01:37:04.000 Ah!

01:37:05.000 He's going to be the Hulk.

01:37:07.000 A real, live Hulk.

01:37:07.000 Myostatin inhibitor.

01:37:08.000 That is fascinating.

01:37:09.000 I'm going to have to dig into that because it's really interesting.

01:37:11.000 I'd like to understand some of the mechanisms.

01:37:13.000 Yeah, so a gene-encoded myostatin was discovered in 1997 by geneticists Dr. Sei Jin Lee and Alexander McFerron, who also produced a strain of mutant mice that lack the gene.

01:37:26.000 And these mice have approximately twice as much muscle as normal mice.

01:37:31.000 Incredible.

01:37:32.000 Incredible.

01:37:33.000 Yeah.

01:37:34.000 But I don't know why it happens all the time in Whippets.

01:37:37.000 That dog, that one Whippet. 1.00

01:37:39.000 But it does happen in humans.

01:37:42.000 Really, really amazing stuff.

01:37:43.000 Very interesting.

01:37:45.000 Yeah, but these sort of things, it makes you wonder.

01:37:49.000 What is that?

01:37:50.000 The mouse's body?

01:37:51.000 Yeah.

01:37:52.000 What, they killed it?

01:37:53.000 They killed it just to show us its muscle?

01:37:55.000 They took off the skin, yeah.

01:37:57.000 How rude.

01:37:59.000 Wow.

01:38:00.000 Could have just taken a picture. 0.99

01:38:01.000 I'm going to have to get fucking crazy. 0.99

01:38:06.000 The ones who the myostatin dogs, apparently they sucked as runners, but their appearance was significantly more muscular. 0.98

01:38:17.000 That's the thing about muscle, and it's an issue that comes up in mixed martial arts all the time.

01:38:22.000 And I talk about it all the time in commentary, is that you can't just pack on all that muscle and not have sort of...

01:38:30.000 There's a point of diminishing returns.

01:38:33.000 It's good to have some muscle, but the more muscle you have, the more you have muscle that's demanding fuel.

01:38:39.000 And you have the same heart and the same lungs that's pumping out to more tissue.

01:38:44.000 And it's just a matter of resources.

01:38:46.000 You have only a finite amount of oxygen that you can take in a single breath.

01:38:50.000 And it's distributed through all this tissue, all this extra muscle.

01:38:55.000 And it really has a significant factor on people's endurance.

01:39:01.000 Especially in athletics.

01:39:02.000 Look at that guy.

01:39:03.000 Is that a real human?

01:39:05.000 I don't know.

01:39:06.000 That's not photoshopped at all?

01:39:07.000 It has to be.

01:39:09.000 I don't know.

01:39:10.000 It might not be, man.

01:39:11.000 It might not be Photoshop, man.

01:39:13.000 What they can do today is just really, really, really bizarre.

01:39:17.000 I just, I don't think they live longer.

01:39:19.000 Well, they don't live longer.

01:39:20.000 That's not a myostatin guy.

01:39:22.000 That's just a guy taking drugs.

01:39:24.000 I don't think that's a myostatin guy, right? 1.00

01:39:26.000 I don't think there's ever been a human that's lived.

01:39:29.000 I think it's a really recent thing.

01:39:32.000 I don't know. 1.00

01:39:33.000 I'm just talking shit. 0.99

01:39:34.000 It would be interesting to see what their mitochondria are doing. 0.99

01:39:37.000 When you're exercising, when you're bulking up muscle, you're inducing mitochondrial biogenesis.

01:39:44.000 That's not real at all.

01:39:44.000 Yeah, that can't be.

01:39:44.000 That's definitely not real.

01:39:45.000 That's definitely not real.

01:39:47.000 There's been a couple cases where they've documented children have it.

01:39:51.000 In 2004, a German boy was diagnosed with a mutation in both copies of the myostatin-producing gene, making him considerably stronger than his peers.

01:40:00.000 His mother has a mutation in one copy of the gene.

01:40:03.000 And then in 2005, an American boy was diagnosed with a clinically similar condition but with somewhat different cause.

01:40:10.000 His body produces a normal level of functional myostatin, but because he is stronger and more muscular than most others his age, the doctors believe that a defect in his myostatin receptors prevents his muscle cells from responding normally to myostatin.

01:40:24.000 And that is what I've heard that they are trying to develop.

01:40:29.000 A myostatin inhibitor.

01:40:30.000 And that myostatin, producing myostatin, regulating the size of your muscle tissue, if they could come up with a myostatin inhibitor, it would increase the size of your muscles.

01:40:41.000 I don't know if that's a good thing.

01:40:43.000 I mean...

01:40:44.000 Doesn't seem like it is.

01:40:45.000 Yeah.

01:40:46.000 Well, it seems like it would help some people if they have wasting disease or something along those lines.

01:40:52.000 Right, right.

01:40:53.000 It's going to be really interesting, though, that when they start coming up with gene doping...

01:40:58.000 And they start giving it to wrestlers or football players or things along those lines. 0.99

01:41:03.000 Because it seems like anything that affects the body so significantly, as you see with those mice or those dogs, someone's going to take that shit. 0.99

01:41:13.000 There's someone lining up. 1.00

01:41:14.000 Oh yeah, absolutely.

01:41:14.000 There's a guy lining up right now.

01:41:17.000 With his wee willy in his pants, and he's ready to just shoot that in there and make up for everything. 0.93

01:41:22.000 And there's going to be a trade-off, but, you know, who cares?

01:41:27.000 Well, do you follow genetic manipulation or studies on genetic manipulation and the potential for what they're figuring out these days?

01:41:35.000 Because it seems incredible, and it seems that the...

01:41:39.000 The future is going to be so bizarre when you deal with the idea that the exponential increase in the ability to change things and to alter the human body is just going to continue.

01:41:53.000 As long as society allows this research to continue, as long as we don't blow ourselves up, this work is going to continue to go on.

01:42:02.000 There's going to be more breakthroughs.

01:42:03.000 There's going to be more significant increases in the capacity for change. 0.72

01:42:08.000 I mean, who knows what the fuck it's going to be like just a decade, two decades from now. 0.61

01:42:12.000 Yeah, I'd like to see some...

01:42:14.000 We've already made some major advances in the stem cell research, which to me is one of the most important, you know, because if we can get to the point where we can replace our damaged motor neurons or, you know...

01:42:26.000 Make sure we're not getting Parkinson's disease.

01:42:28.000 I mean, I think that's a huge, you know, that's a huge thing in helping us, you know, extend the quality of our life.

01:42:37.000 Yeah.

01:42:38.000 You know, because you don't want to nourish our disease.

01:42:41.000 No.

01:42:42.000 You know, that's something you don't...

01:42:44.000 I mean, there's certain things you can do in your lifestyle to try to not get one.

01:42:49.000 But it'd be pretty sweet to have some genetic breakthroughs in these stem cell...

01:42:58.000 I would like to see a study on someone who follows the exact protocol that science, that someone like you would prescribe to him or her, and that they do it over a long period of time and they have a twin that doesn't do it.

01:43:14.000 You know?

01:43:15.000 And they do some of those studies where they're looking at specific, you know, things like specific vitamins or exercise or things like that.

01:43:22.000 But a long-term study where you're looking at multiple changes, I would love to see that as well.

01:43:28.000 Yeah, one person drinks, one person doesn't, one person smokes.

01:43:31.000 They did this study.

01:43:32.000 They did it in monkeys, you know, and it was like a...

01:43:35.000 27 year experiment, I think, where they, so caliwork restriction is known to extend lifespan in lower organisms and also in this monkey, monkeys they did, where if you give a monkey 30% less food than it would normally eat.

01:43:52.000 So you basically let the monkey decide what it would eat.

01:43:55.000 And then you say, okay, I'm going to give them 30% less of that every day.

01:44:00.000 And they did this for like 27 years.

01:44:02.000 Can you do a Google search on caloric restriction monkeys and just like pull up the image that compares them?

01:44:09.000 That has a big impact, right?

01:44:10.000 So it has a huge impact on the way they age.

01:44:13.000 These monkeys, they get Were they significantly smaller?

01:44:23.000 The monkeys were not significantly smaller, but they looked significantly better.

01:44:29.000 That's crazy.

01:44:30.000 So they weren't smaller, but they looked better.

01:44:32.000 Yeah, okay, there's one picture.

01:44:34.000 I think there's one where they have like four panels.

01:44:36.000 Well, it seems like the one on the right is obese, though.

01:44:39.000 Okay, yeah, there.

01:44:40.000 Pick that one with the four panels.

01:44:42.000 Yeah, that one.

01:44:43.000 So, yeah, these monkeys are actually the same age here, and that monkey on the left...

01:44:48.000 That's monkeys, it's in its old age, 27 and a half years, and it's had a normal diet.

01:44:52.000 Like, it's just eaten what it's, you know, normal amount of food.

01:44:55.000 And that monkey on the right has been given 30% less food every day for like its 27.5 years.

01:45:00.000 That's incredible.

01:45:01.000 He looks way better.

01:45:02.000 Way better.

01:45:03.000 I mean, you can just tell by the way he looks, he's aging better.

01:45:05.000 But he has the same body.

01:45:07.000 It's actually, he looks more muscular.

01:45:09.000 Yeah, so he looks like he's lost less muscle, less muscle atrophy.

01:45:14.000 I mean, so what they found, they've done, like, these gene profiling expression arrays where they can measure, like, thousands of different genes at once.

01:45:21.000 And they've seen that caloric restricting actually changes the expression in, like, thousands of genes.

01:45:27.000 Whoa! 0.71

01:45:27.000 And so it helps, like, you know, genes that are involved in, you know, protein degradation, protein synthesis, like, all these things are changed in these caloric restriction monkeys. 0.71

01:45:37.000 Genes that are involved in, like, you know...

01:45:39.000 Growth factors in the brain, those are upregulated.

01:45:42.000 Inflammatory genes are downregulated, so it's like, you know, 27 years less of constant inflammation going on.

01:45:48.000 And so it's very interesting how—and there's a couple of theories as to why these monkeys age better, why caloric restriction, you know, can help the way you age.

01:46:00.000 And one of the big theories out there is that there's sort of like a hormetic response.

01:46:04.000 So hormesis is basically where you have like a low level of stress, like a little bit of stress.

01:46:09.000 And that stress then helps you Changes the expression of genes that are involved in stress, and so you basically can then deal with stress later.

01:46:17.000 So it's kind of like conditioning your body to deal with stress by giving it a little bit of stress.

01:46:22.000 And this is kind of the same thing with a lot of xenobiotics, like plant polyphenols, catechins, these sorts of things.

01:46:30.000 That's how they work.

01:46:31.000 They actually induce this hormetic response where they increase the expression of stress-resistant genes that we have in our body that help us deal with We're good to go.

01:46:56.000 And this whole idea of hormesis is very interesting where you're sort of giving your body a little bit of stress.

01:47:01.000 Like exercise is stress and it's a little bit of stress and it does the same thing.

01:47:04.000 But that whole field of epigenetics is just so fascinating how, you know, things that you eat, what you do can actually change the expression of genes and this actually affects the way you age.

01:47:16.000 And really what's interesting, not only does it affect the way you age, it affects the way your children that you haven't had yet age.

01:47:23.000 You know, so...

01:47:24.000 Are you familiar with what epigenetics is?

01:47:26.000 Yes.

01:47:26.000 Please explain it for people who might not be.

01:47:29.000 Epigenetics is basically causing a change in your gene.

01:47:35.000 They're factors that sit on top of your genes, basically, to give you a very simplistic topical view.

01:47:40.000 They sit on top of your genes, like methyl groups or acetylation groups, and they activate your genes.

01:47:47.000 When they activate your genes, they turn them on, and so the genes become what's called express.

01:47:51.000 They're expressing the genes.

01:47:52.000 When they're expressing the genes, They're doing what they're supposed to do.

01:47:55.000 And other factors can sit on top of them and turn them off.

01:47:58.000 And even though the gene is still there, it's like it's not there because it's not being expressed.

01:48:03.000 But these epigenetic factors don't actually alter the DNA nucleotide sequence like a mutation would.

01:48:09.000 So that's the difference.

01:48:10.000 A mutation changes the DNA nucleotide sequence.

01:48:13.000 Epigenetic factor, this thing can be modulated, and it doesn't change the sequence.

01:48:17.000 It just changes how much of that gene is being active or not active.

01:48:21.000 And these epigenetic marks are regulated by what we eat, by stress, by exercise, by all these various factors in our environment.

01:48:30.000 And so that's one study where they've changed in gene expression from caloric restriction.

01:48:35.000 They've done – and I heard someone on your podcast talk about this study.

01:48:40.000 It's a Swedish study.

01:48:42.000 There's been a few of them that have been done where in Sweden they keep like extensive records of people's – there's records of what they eat.

01:48:54.000 What diseases they've had throughout their life when they were born, if they were depressed, what they died of.

01:48:58.000 I mean, they're very extensive, like, records on people and also they have extensive, like, agricultural records.

01:49:04.000 So they can say, like, during this part of, you know, the country at this time of the year there was a lot of famine or there was a lot of, you know, there was a great crop harvest.

01:49:13.000 And so particularly this northern part of Sweden called Norbutyn, Sweden, back in, I think it was like the 1800s, they looked back.

01:49:22.000 During this period of time, for whatever reason, it was hard to get in and out of there.

01:49:25.000 And so people were really dependent on the crops that were there.

01:49:29.000 So if there was a lot of crops and it was a good harvest, people really gorged themselves.

01:49:33.000 They overate.

01:49:34.000 And if the harvest was bad, there was a famine and people really, they sort of were calorically restricted.

01:49:40.000 They basically didn't get to eat as much.

01:49:43.000 And so a lot of these Swedish scientists decided to look back and see, well, what effects did that have on future generations?

01:49:50.000 So it's kind of like Is there a transgenerational, you know, epigenetic effect on longevity?

01:49:57.000 So let's look at these people that grew up during the famine versus feast years and let's look at their children and their grandchildren and see what diseases they had or how long they lived.

01:50:06.000 And, you know, it's not like It's not like a controlled study.

01:50:10.000 I mean, it's very correlative and there's a lot of factors missing, but it's still very interesting.

01:50:14.000 What they found is that males that were between the ages of 9 and 12, and if they were 9 and 12 during the famine years, they had children and grandchildren that lived on average about seven years longer than the grandchildren of those that grew up during the abundance years.

01:50:34.000 And when they corrected for socioeconomic status, meaning, okay, rich people kind of ate well no matter what.

01:50:40.000 When you correct for that, when you have people from the same socioeconomic status, those grandchildren of the men that were between the ages of 9 to 12 during famine years lived 32 years longer, which is like crazy increase in lifespan.

01:50:54.000 And they also, they had more studies coming out where those grandchildren were one-fourth less likely to get type 2 diabetes and also cardiovascular diseases.

01:51:02.000 So it was like, why do you have to be between the age of 9 and 12 and a male?

01:51:09.000 Why growing up during that part of the famine, how does that affect your grandchildren's lifespan?

01:51:16.000 And we can't really tell you why, but there's some sort of theories as to why.

01:51:21.000 During that time period, there's something, you know, you're prepubescent right before you actually get that growth spurt.

01:51:27.000 And they think there's something to do with the sperm DNA that gets changed.

01:51:31.000 A little bit of stress, a little bit of hormesis possibly, a little bit of stress changes the expression in your sperm genes, and that gets passed on.

01:51:41.000 So, yeah, it's fascinating.

01:51:43.000 There's so much to learn still about the human body.

01:51:46.000 I feel like we're in a great time in comparison to other civilizations.

01:51:52.000 When you look back at what they used to do for medicine, what we're aware of now.

01:51:57.000 But I feel like 100 years from now, they're going to be laughing at us.

01:52:00.000 Right.

01:52:01.000 Yeah, I know.

01:52:04.000 I think the future is preventative medicine.

01:52:06.000 And there's going to be some breakthroughs eventually in things like stem cell therapy.

01:52:10.000 But I think diet, nutrition, these things are what we can do now.

01:52:13.000 That's what we can do now.

01:52:14.000 We have control over it.

01:52:16.000 And it absolutely has been shown to affect the way we age.

01:52:19.000 Period.

01:52:19.000 And so we know this.

01:52:21.000 So let's implement it.

01:52:23.000 Let's educate people.

01:52:23.000 Let's do it.

01:52:24.000 As opposed to waiting around for some scientific breakthrough that may or may not happen in your child's life.

01:52:30.000 You know, during your child's lifetime.

01:52:32.000 So there's just no telling, you know, what's gonna happen.

01:52:36.000 But we do know right now that we can control Certain things, you know, and the way we age through our diet and our lifestyle.

01:52:43.000 And that's what we need to start focusing on.

01:52:47.000 I want to mention another really cool thing about this epigenetic thing because...

01:52:50.000 If you could turn the microphone a little bit more towards you, it would be a little...

01:52:52.000 Oh, yeah.

01:52:52.000 Sorry.

01:52:53.000 Yeah.

01:52:53.000 All right.

01:52:54.000 So this...

01:52:55.000 Back to the epigenetics study, something even as complex as, like, learning and memory can be modulated by your environment.

01:53:04.000 This was a mouse study where they took mice that were transgenically...

01:53:08.000 I'm modulated to get neurodegenerative disease.

01:53:11.000 And so they put these mice, usually when we work with mice, they're in this cage that has bedding, it has some food and water, and that's about it.

01:53:19.000 There's not a lot of stimulation, not a lot of exercise.

01:53:23.000 It's really kind of sad.

01:53:24.000 But they took these mice and they put them in what we call an enriched environment.

01:53:27.000 So they gave them all these toys that stimulated various regions in their brain, like the cognitive region, motor region, somatosensory regions.

01:53:36.000 And what they found was that these mice scored better on learning and memory tests.

01:53:40.000 And not only did they score better on learning and memory tests, they increased the expression of a gene that's involved in long-term potentiation.

01:53:47.000 Long-term potentiation is a signal that you're making when you're learning.

01:53:51.000 You need to remember things.

01:53:53.000 But the really interesting thing about this study was that these mice that were genetically engineered to get neurodegenerative disease had offspring mice that were also Genetically engineered to get neurodegenerative disease, but were not put in an enriched environment.

01:54:06.000 So they were put in that boring cage where they had no stimulation.

01:54:09.000 But they had still increased that long-term potentiation gene.

01:54:13.000 That epigenetic factor was passed on.

01:54:16.000 In this case, it was through the egg, through the female line, to the offspring mice, which had the same learning memory benefits, even though they weren't exposed to that environment.

01:54:26.000 So, I mean, just having cognitive stimulation, just using your brain more and exercising more, Can affect the expression of your genes and that can actually get passed on.

01:54:36.000 That's so fascinating.

01:54:37.000 It is so fascinating.

01:54:38.000 So, like, is that one of the reasons why athletes tend to develop athletes for children?

01:54:42.000 Is that one of the reasons why really intelligent people tend to have intelligent children?

01:54:46.000 Like, is possibly it not just environmental and educational, but epigenetics as well?

01:54:51.000 Right.

01:54:52.000 I mean, certainly, you know, the environment plays a component in those things, but, you know, the epigenetics, we're just sort of starting to understand epigenetics and how it works, and it's complicated.

01:55:02.000 Wow.

01:55:02.000 It's not easy to study, but, you know, it's...

01:55:05.000 Yeah, there's certainly a role for epigenetics in that.

01:55:08.000 So it's fascinating.

01:55:11.000 It's so fascinating.

01:55:12.000 Yeah, it's very fascinating.

01:55:14.000 It's so fascinating when you stop and think about how much we're going to learn and what we know now and what we're going to learn.

01:55:21.000 It's incredible.

01:55:23.000 It's just incredible.

01:55:24.000 You just think of the potential for re-engineering the human body. 0.97

01:55:29.000 I mean, it seems like we're going to be able to do all these things we're doing to mice, giving them double muscles and making them fucking smarter. 0.58

01:55:36.000 We're going to be able to do that to people. 0.88

01:55:38.000 We're going to make a Dr. Manhattan, you know?

01:55:40.000 Remember from that movie, The Watchman?

01:55:41.000 We're going to make a Dr. Manhattan.

01:55:43.000 It's going to happen.

01:55:43.000 There's going to be a guy one day that's the omnipresent super being that becomes a god.

01:55:50.000 We're going to fuck up and make a god. 0.97

01:55:53.000 I try to do what I can to make myself work better, cognitive-wise, and also try to basically age better. 0.99

01:56:05.000 You know, it's certainly, like, we can do things, like, now.

01:56:08.000 But just, yeah, like you were saying, genetically changing someone's, like, literally, like, you know, making someone's muscle grow like that by, like, giving them an inhibitor of a certain myostatin receptor.

01:56:19.000 I mean, that's, like, hardcore stuff that, you know, we don't really know what the effects are going to be of doing things like that long term.

01:56:28.000 An army of super beings?

01:56:30.000 That's what it's going to be.

01:56:31.000 There's Dr. Manhattan.

01:56:32.000 That's what we're going to have. 0.99

01:56:33.000 That guy's gonna be running shit in a hundred years. 0.99

01:56:35.000 That's our new president. 1.00

01:56:38.000 You know, as long as he's really intelligent, let's make his brain, like, super awesome.

01:56:42.000 Well, Dr. Manhattan was really intelligent.

01:56:44.000 Unfortunately, too intelligent.

01:56:45.000 So intelligent that he sort of, like, factored in a lot of things like, well, you know, people live, people die, you know, remorse and guilt and all these things are really just byproducts of human culture and our correlation to, you know, cause and effect and our reactions to each other.

01:57:02.000 I mean, he took away all the joy and fun, the zest of life.

01:57:05.000 He got a little bit too intelligent.

01:57:07.000 Right, right.

01:57:08.000 That becomes a problem.

01:57:09.000 Absolutely. 0.99

01:57:10.000 You've got to make people just smart enough but not too smart until they realize, what's the fucking point? 0.99

01:57:15.000 You live, you die, you're just a finite organism. 0.98

01:57:17.000 And even if you live forever, the planet doesn't live forever.

01:57:20.000 Right.

01:57:20.000 So what are you going to do here?

01:57:23.000 Yeah.

01:57:24.000 I mean, I've had conversations with really intelligent people.

01:57:26.000 They talk about the futility of life. 0.98

01:57:28.000 And I'm like, your problem might be you're too fucking smart and you're thinking too much. 0.99

01:57:31.000 Or maybe not even too smart, but you're thinking too much about stuff that really you can't control. 0.99

01:57:37.000 And maybe... 0.97

01:57:38.000 You've got to be smart enough to realize that this is all silly.

01:57:41.000 Yeah, thinking about the things you can't control.

01:57:43.000 Sometimes I get these what I call OCD spikes where if I'm driving on the highway, I start to imagine all the possibilities that can happen, like all the things that can happen with all the cars.

01:57:57.000 And there's moments where it's so overwhelming where I just can't drive.

01:58:02.000 It's too much.

01:58:04.000 So my husband ends up driving me around a lot on the freeway.

01:58:09.000 You're too smart to drive.

01:58:11.000 True story.

01:58:12.000 What I often do is I like to live five minutes from where I work.

01:58:16.000 That way I don't ever have to get on the highway because I don't have to think about all the things that can happen when I'm on the highway.

01:58:22.000 Wow.

01:58:24.000 Wow.

01:58:25.000 You're too smart to drive.

01:58:26.000 Well, I don't know if it's that.

01:58:28.000 I sometimes obsess over what I can't control and the fact that there's all these people and I'm like, they're doing all these things and all this could happen and all these possibilities and then it's like, okay, it's like overload.

01:58:39.000 I had a moment when my first daughter was born where when I was in the hospital in the moment she came out of the box I was thinking like how many different people are being born right now simultaneously all around the world and if you could see that on a giant screen I mean,

01:59:01.000 it would look like an invasion of babies. 0.96

01:59:03.000 If you could see the millions of people, no doubt, being born all over the world at the same moment, just... 1.00

01:59:08.000 Just shooting out of vaginas. 1.00

01:59:12.000 Bang, bang, [... 1.00

01:59:14.000 It would be so...

01:59:16.000 And then I got over it.

01:59:18.000 I got over it.

01:59:18.000 I'm glad we have that ability to gate out some of that stuff because...

01:59:23.000 Yeah, it's overwhelming.

01:59:25.000 It's overwhelming.

01:59:26.000 It's very overwhelming.

01:59:27.000 Isn't that sort of the issue with – one of the main issues with paying attention too much to bad things in the news?

01:59:37.000 And I've talked about this many times.

01:59:39.000 I think we have a real problem with digesting 7 billion people's worth of problems because – Anytime something spectacular or horrific comes up from all over the world, we get it and we absorb it.

01:59:52.000 And it sort of alters our idea of what the world is.

01:59:55.000 Oh, the world is a scary place and it's filled with evil.

02:00:00.000 Really, the numbers are pretty against that.

02:00:04.000 The numbers, like, throughout your day, you experience very little violence.

02:00:08.000 Throughout your day, you experience very little horrific crime. 0.98

02:00:11.000 It's very, very rare in most parts of America, unless you live in a terrible neighborhood, to experience the kind of shit that you see on your news feed or your Twitter feed. 0.99

02:00:21.000 All day, every day. 0.97

02:00:22.000 It's not an accurate expression because it's based on such an insane number that you're not supposed to be correlating.

02:00:28.000 You're not supposed to be looking at a 7 billion people number.

02:00:31.000 You're supposed to be looking at a tribe of 150 people.

02:00:34.000 I mean, that's what our brain, that's what the Dunbar's number is. 0.93

02:00:38.000 We don't really know what the fuck to do with 7 billion people's worth of information. 0.99

02:00:43.000 So we become these paranoid messes when we start thinking about all this horrible shit that's happening, but you're talking about a A fucking planet worth. 0.99

02:00:53.000 Right. 0.98

02:00:53.000 I mean, literally a planet worth of information now. 0.98

02:00:57.000 And it's like, that's the same sort of thing.

02:00:59.000 Just freaking out, thinking about all the variables that you can't control.

02:01:02.000 We're not designed for that.

02:01:04.000 Is it possible that the epigenetics of living in this life will alter our genes and our expression of our genes so that we can accept this kind of information?

02:01:16.000 Is that something we're going to...

02:01:18.000 Like, we'll start to adapt.

02:01:19.000 Yeah.

02:01:20.000 Yeah, absolutely.

02:01:21.000 I mean, they've shown that stress does epigenetically change the expression of our genes.

02:01:25.000 So, you know, it's... 0.97

02:01:27.000 So tabloids are fucking us up. 0.98

02:01:29.000 Right. 0.99

02:01:30.000 Right?

02:01:30.000 You know, I don't listen to tabloids, but yeah, I'm sure they are...

02:01:34.000 Or even just fear-mongering, you know, just going on the Alex Jones website, just paying attention to all these people that are doom and gloom, new world order, they're fucking chemtrails, they're Putting caskets out in the FEMA camps and getting ready to mass kill people. 0.97

02:01:50.000 Yeah, it is. 0.89

02:01:51.000 It's definitely changing the expression of your genes. 1.00

02:01:53.000 Shit! 1.00

02:01:53.000 The stress is doing something bad. 1.00

02:01:55.000 Shit! 1.00

02:01:56.000 And it's also shortening your telomeres. 1.00

02:01:58.000 Ah!

02:01:58.000 I don't need that.

02:01:59.000 But I got a problem too. 1.00

02:02:01.000 I fucking eat like a pig. 1.00

02:02:02.000 That's a real problem. 1.00

02:02:03.000 I'm gonna die young.

02:02:04.000 I eat enough for like two or three people.

02:02:06.000 What do you eat?

02:02:08.000 I eat everything.

02:02:09.000 I eat whatever's in front of me.

02:02:10.000 Whatever you want.

02:02:10.000 I've got a problem.

02:02:12.000 I work out a lot.

02:02:13.000 And because of that, I'm always hungry.

02:02:15.000 But I eat a lot.

02:02:17.000 I eat so much, sometimes waitresses don't believe me.

02:02:20.000 When we go after shows, if we'll do two or three shows at a night, I'll order two entrees and then a bunch of appetizers.

02:02:28.000 And I've had people say, that's too much.

02:02:30.000 Oh, a waitress will say, that's too much. 0.99

02:02:33.000 Just keep it coming.

02:02:34.000 Don't worry about it.

02:02:35.000 I'm putting it down.

02:02:36.000 Wow.

02:02:36.000 That's a lot of food.

02:02:37.000 Two entrees?

02:02:38.000 Yeah, I'll regularly eat two entrees.

02:02:40.000 And that's after having two other meals?

02:02:43.000 Usually, yeah.

02:02:44.000 But it's just if I'm working out.

02:02:46.000 If I'm working out and I work at the same time, two things happen in a day, my appetite is just insane.

02:02:52.000 It's a pit that just can't be filled.

02:02:55.000 Yeah.

02:02:55.000 Well, I mean, your body needs the amino acids.

02:02:58.000 But I'm going to die younger. 0.99

02:03:00.000 I'm not going to be like the cool older mouse or the cool older monkey that's got his shit together. 0.99

02:03:04.000 Right. 1.00

02:03:05.000 Fuck. 1.00

02:03:05.000 Yeah, you know, it's... 1.00

02:03:06.000 Take it down a notch.

02:03:08.000 They're trying to do some of these caloric restriction studies in humans to see, you know, what...

02:03:13.000 If it's the same?

02:03:14.000 If it's the same.

02:03:15.000 And, you know, of course, doing the longevity study is going to take forever.

02:03:27.000 Oh, I'm sure.

02:03:30.000 And there's got to be a difference between monkeys and human beings.

02:03:33.000 A pretty profound difference as far as what our needs are, nutritionally.

02:03:38.000 And also the idea of stress, because we can sort of conceptualize stress in a way that they can't.

02:03:45.000 I mean, they're dealing with immediate threats only.

02:03:48.000 They're not conceptualizing, man, I'm not going to live forever, man. 0.99

02:03:50.000 What if a fucking asteroid hits me, man? 0.98

02:03:53.000 That's not there. 1.00

02:03:55.000 Right.

02:03:55.000 I don't want to die of cancer.

02:03:56.000 Oh, shit, man. 1.00

02:03:57.000 What if my wife's cheating on me? 1.00

02:03:58.000 They're not thinking about any of these things.

02:04:00.000 What if I get fired?

02:04:01.000 They're not thinking about any of these things.

02:04:02.000 They don't have anything other than immediate concerns, which is kind of what we're designed for, right?

02:04:09.000 I mean, when you look at the genes of human beings and the amount of time that we've been in this particular type of a society and the amount of time that we've been essentially hunter-gatherers, I mean, there's no comparison.

02:04:21.000 We have just a long stretch of time where we were just living a very specific way.

02:04:27.000 And then over the last couple of hundred years, things radically shift in a very strange and new direction.

02:04:33.000 And then we find ourselves where we are now, from the invention of the printing press to the fucking Twitter feeds and internets and Facebook. 0.96

02:04:39.000 Oh, 3D printers freak me out, man. 0.97

02:04:41.000 People are just going to start making guns. 0.89

02:04:43.000 They're actually...

02:04:44.000 NASA was funding a study.

02:04:46.000 They're trying to 3D print non-living biomolecules like wood chips and dental enamel.

02:04:54.000 I know.

02:04:55.000 It's kind of cool.

02:04:56.000 It's very cool.

02:04:57.000 Yeah.

02:04:57.000 So that's kind of...

02:04:59.000 NASA's funding some really cool stuff.

02:05:01.000 Another really cool study I saw recently where they took cancer cells and they cultured them in space.

02:05:08.000 Because they wanted to see if space could epigenetically change the expression of genes and if this would have any effect.

02:05:14.000 And they found it did.

02:05:15.000 That gravity did affect actually genes that are involved in metastasis.

02:05:19.000 And when you culture these cells in space, it down-regulates genes involved in metastasis and those cancer cells become less aggressive.

02:05:26.000 So then they took these cells and were like, okay, well there's a million different things that could be happening in space.

02:05:30.000 Is it the gravity or is it the cosmo rays or something?

02:05:34.000 And so they, like, culture them and they centrifuge them.

02:05:36.000 I mean, they spun them at a certain rotation per minute to, like, copy or mimic this microgravity.

02:05:42.000 And they found the same effect.

02:05:44.000 So literally, like, the gravity changed the expression of these genes involved in metastasis.

02:05:50.000 So, yeah.

02:05:51.000 So if you have cancer, maybe, you know, go to space.

02:05:56.000 Wow.

02:05:56.000 Or at the very least, the top of a mountain.

02:05:58.000 I'm just wondering where they're going to go with that next.

02:06:00.000 I mean, it's like, okay, well, that's interesting finding, but so what do we do?

02:06:04.000 Are we going to rotate for, you know, if you have cancer?

02:06:10.000 It's just some interesting stuff.

02:06:11.000 But then there's also the issue where you can't really go to space for very long anyway.

02:06:16.000 Because if you do go to space, your body doesn't really...

02:06:18.000 Your body's really not designed to be in a zero-gravity environment.

02:06:22.000 We had Commander Chris Hatfield on the podcast, one of the guys.

02:06:27.000 How long did he go to space for?

02:06:28.000 166 days or something crazy like that?

02:06:31.000 And he came back and he was describing the horrific moments where he first stepped out of the...

02:06:39.000 Right.

02:06:55.000 Totally baffled.

02:06:57.000 And he said it was horrific.

02:06:58.000 I thought it would have been a wonderful experience.

02:07:01.000 Like, what is it like when you finally touched on the ground, you've been up in space for so long?

02:07:05.000 He's like, it is unbelievably awful.

02:07:07.000 Wow.

02:07:08.000 Yeah.

02:07:08.000 Your body's just in chaos.

02:07:10.000 It doesn't know what you've been doing this whole time.

02:07:14.000 Yeah.

02:07:14.000 It's pretty crazy.

02:07:15.000 The body's crazy.

02:07:16.000 It is very crazy.

02:07:18.000 And it does adapt.

02:07:19.000 I mean, there's things that are...

02:07:21.000 It does adapt.

02:07:22.000 It's so endlessly fascinating.

02:07:24.000 It's so endlessly fascinating when you find out what has been learned about the body, how many studies have been done, what information is out there, and then yet how much we need to learn, how much there is to know, how much there is to discover.

02:07:37.000 It's just we're not even close.

02:07:39.000 We're not even close.

02:07:40.000 We're just learning, which is...

02:07:42.000 Again, why it's so infuriating when you read, you know, vitamins don't work, case closed.

02:07:46.000 Right. 1.00

02:07:46.000 Fuck you. 1.00

02:07:47.000 Right. 1.00

02:07:47.000 No, it's not that simple. 1.00

02:07:49.000 A lot of vitamins do work, and there's been a lot of studies showing that they work.

02:07:52.000 Well, it's not an accident that we've isolated vitamin C. It's not an accident that we know that vitamin B12 gives you energy.

02:07:58.000 I mean, this is science that created all this.

02:08:01.000 So all these no-nonsense people, there is a lot of fuckery when it comes to vitamins. 0.99

02:08:05.000 There's a lot of fuckery when it comes to nutrition. 0.98

02:08:07.000 You're always reading about some... 0.96

02:08:10.000 False claims that this company has or that company has or these pills have.

02:08:15.000 We hear about things all the time when it comes to nutrition and supplementation, especially when it comes to athletic supplementation, things that are purported to deliver amazing muscle growth.

02:08:28.000 They've found that a lot of those things that are purported to give muscle growth were erection pills.

02:08:33.000 Here's a perfect example.

02:08:35.000 You know what those things are when you...

02:08:37.000 There's a Cialis and Viagra.

02:08:39.000 They just sell it as some herbal supplement, but they put in pharmaceutical drugs. 0.99

02:08:44.000 They buy that shit in bulk, and they sell it, and it actually does work. 0.99

02:08:48.000 But they're pharmaceutical drugs. 1.00

02:08:50.000 But because of the fact that the restrictions are so small, and the punishment of doing that is so small...

02:08:58.000 We had Aubrey Marcus in from Onnit.

02:09:01.000 Who was describing the whole process of one of these companies gets caught selling Viagra as one of these herbal sexual stimulants.

02:09:09.000 Yeah.

02:09:09.000 They just get like a little fine.

02:09:11.000 So they change the name, they open up another different company and go right back at it. 0.99

02:09:15.000 And they just have, you know, Rocket Dick or whatever the fuck they call it. 0.98

02:09:18.000 Right, right. 0.99

02:09:19.000 I mean, there was a study that came out not long ago.

02:09:21.000 They showed that like 70% of like herbal supplements on the market aren't actually what you think they are.

02:09:28.000 So in a lot of cases... 0.74

02:09:30.000 People are just putting some other plant in there, and it's like you think you're getting echinacea, and it's some other crap.

02:09:38.000 I think there's a whole opening for people to actually do some DNA barcoding where you can actually test what's in a supplement and start a company where it's like, I've tested these supplements, and they're actually what they're saying they're supposed to be.

02:09:54.000 Because it's like you've got a huge...

02:09:57.000 When people are trying to buy certain supplements and then they're not even getting...

02:10:01.000 What they think they're buying, regardless of whether or not there's any science to back up with what they think they're buying isn't doing anything.

02:10:06.000 I mean, the point is they should be getting what they think they're getting.

02:10:09.000 And then, of course, there's a huge issue of homeopathic cures, which are mostly nonsense.

02:10:14.000 There's a huge homeopathic industry that's essentially selling you sugar. 1.00

02:10:19.000 They're selling you total bullshit. 0.99

02:10:21.000 There was a recent study on the actual ingredients in some homeopathic cures, and a lot of it was sugar. 1.00

02:10:28.000 It's like they're literally selling sugar pills.

02:10:31.000 Yeah, there's a difference between, you know, not having certain vitamins and minerals and fatty acids in your diet and things that can...

02:10:39.000 You know, it affects your immune system.

02:10:41.000 It affects cognitive...

02:10:42.000 It affects all these different things. 0.95

02:10:44.000 And then taking all this other crap that I don't know...

02:10:47.000 People like the idea of some exotic thing isolated from somewhere.

02:10:51.000 And it's like, oh, it does this because it's exotic.

02:10:53.000 And, you know, the reality is people...

02:10:56.000 They should be focusing on what they're not getting that's essential for, you know, things that we know that's essential for the, you know, proteins in their body to work.

02:11:03.000 And so a lot of that homeopathic stuff, it gets mixed in with the vitamins and minerals too, and that's really irritating because it's really, they're two different things.

02:11:13.000 Yeah, there's...

02:11:15.000 Yeah, nutrition and like this homeopathic...

02:11:18.000 Yeah.

02:11:19.000 There's a lot of nonsense.

02:11:20.000 If you're interested in that, just Google homeopathic medicine sugar pills, and there's studies, there's a lot of different stuff on sugar pills.

02:11:30.000 Well, actually, they've shown, they've done placebo effect studies using sugar pills, where they've published, like, they've given someone a placebo.

02:11:39.000 I mean, the whole point of the study was not for the Yeah.

02:12:03.000 Yeah.

02:12:23.000 Yeah, I know.

02:12:23.000 And it is real.

02:12:24.000 The placebo effect is real.

02:12:25.000 And we don't know why, right?

02:12:27.000 I mean, I haven't really done a ton of research into understanding why, but yeah, it's interesting how your brain can make yourself think that something's working and you actually can force yourself to be healthier.

02:12:41.000 I mean, so...

02:12:43.000 It's fascinating.

02:12:44.000 It is very, very, very fascinating.

02:12:46.000 Endlessly, endlessly so.

02:12:48.000 I mean, the human being is like, a human body is to me essentially like the most incredibly complex computer ever and we don't have a guidebook for it.

02:12:57.000 Right.

02:12:58.000 We're just talking about the physical aspects of it.

02:13:00.000 Forget about managing your mind, managing your thought process.

02:13:04.000 Which also can lead to a lot of ailments and incorrect thinking and thinking...

02:13:09.000 Oh, absolutely.

02:13:10.000 I mean, when I started researching these studies on the effects of depleting tryptophan from your brain and how normal people all of a sudden become impulsive violence and impulsive behaviors and recidivism.

02:13:25.000 So they'll do these tests where they're punished for doing something wrong and they'll keep repeating the same thing.

02:13:30.000 I mean, I was like, I can't believe you can change someone's behavior by depleting tryptophan.

02:13:35.000 Like, that was really, you know, amazing to me.

02:13:39.000 And, you know, the way that nutrition affects your brain function in general and behavior is really interesting to me because it suggests that we have to some degree some control over our cognitive function and behavior.

02:13:49.000 And I think that we should be optimizing that as much as we can.

02:13:54.000 We're good to go.

02:14:08.000 Affected their IQ scores, in some cases by dramatic effects.

02:14:14.000 And even affected juvenile delinquency.

02:14:16.000 Yeah, it's affected juvenile delinquency.

02:14:19.000 There's been studies showing that giving these people multivitamin and omega-3 fatty acids, so it's hard to pinpoint what's specifically in it, but I think it's a combination of everything.

02:14:28.000 I think?

02:14:32.000 I think?

02:14:52.000 Omega-3 fatty acids, and it affected their aggressive outbursts.

02:14:57.000 You know, because that's a whole other topic.

02:14:59.000 You know, you've got a population of people that's incarcerated and knows what they're getting fed, probably deficient in multiple micronutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D. Unquestionably.

02:15:11.000 We had a guy on recently, his kid, War Machine, an MMA fighter.

02:15:15.000 John Copenhaver's his real name, War Machines' fighting name.

02:15:18.000 Pretty cute.

02:15:20.000 And he was talking about a year that he did in prison where they gave him 1500 calories a day and it was horrible nutrition and just how his body just felt like it was wasting away because of it.

02:15:29.000 Yeah, see, this is, I would like to see, you know, we're spending money to keep people in prison, you know?

02:15:36.000 Absolutely.

02:15:36.000 Why not give them, give their brain the proper nutrients they need to try to heal itself, to try to make it work better, you know?

02:15:43.000 You're talking silly because you're talking about a person who wants to fix people.

02:15:46.000 They're just trying to make money. 0.94

02:15:47.000 I mean, they don't really care.

02:15:48.000 When you're dealing with privatized prisons and you're also dealing with, you know...

02:15:53.000 Prison guard unions that are trying to keep people in prison so that they have prison guards that have jobs.

02:15:59.000 I mean, you're not dealing with a whole system where the entire system is dedicated to actually rehabilitating people. 0.99

02:16:05.000 That's sort of bullshit. 0.99

02:16:07.000 They pretend it is. 1.00

02:16:08.000 It's just a system.

02:16:09.000 It's a system.

02:16:10.000 Someone can start a company, you know, that basically is a charity that we give them to these people.

02:16:16.000 Donate money.

02:16:17.000 We give people these vitamins, these omega-3 and vitamin D and multivitamins in prisons.

02:16:22.000 People are not going to buy it.

02:16:23.000 They're going to say, listen, if you want to give people nutrients and vitamins, give it to poor people. 0.93

02:16:27.000 Give it to poor people that haven't committed crimes. 0.99

02:16:29.000 Don't give it to prisoners.

02:16:31.000 Don't try to fix prisoners.

02:16:32.000 I see what you're saying. 0.96

02:16:33.000 I see your point of view, but I see how people are going to say, if you're going to start somewhere, don't start with people that have already fucked up. 0.86

02:16:40.000 Yeah, we should definitely give them to poor people also. 0.90

02:16:50.000 We're good to go.

02:17:16.000 But there is a component of nutrition that we can control to some degree, and it's a cheap solution.

02:17:26.000 Vitamins aren't that expensive.

02:17:27.000 I mean, relatively speaking, you can get an omega-3 pill, vitamin D pill, multivitamin, and it's not that much money a month.

02:17:37.000 Now, there was something else that you said that you wanted to talk about that Dave Asprey had said that was incorrect.

02:17:41.000 Oh, that was the epigenetic test.

02:17:44.000 The Swedish study.

02:17:45.000 I listened to the podcast that you had some time ago, and he's got good information.

02:17:51.000 I don't want to say otherwise, but I wanted to correct that because he had said that the children from the well-fed population The ones that were grandchildren of the well-fed children got type 2 diabetes less.

02:18:06.000 And that was completely wrong.

02:18:08.000 It was the opposite.

02:18:10.000 Yeah, he's a collector of interesting ideas. 0.96

02:18:12.000 And although I like the guy, he gets shit wrong. 0.73

02:18:15.000 And I don't know if he's always that good about recognizing when he has done that and correcting himself. 0.97

02:18:23.000 We've had a real issue with him lately because of mycotoxins.

02:18:27.000 I don't know if you're aware of the whole issue of mycotoxins in coffee.

02:18:30.000 I know a little bit about it.

02:18:31.000 Yeah, I'm not concerned about mycotoxins in coffee.

02:18:35.000 I'm more concerned about not getting my omega-3 and all the other micronutrients involved in...

02:18:42.000 I mean, aflatoxin is certainly something I don't want, but that's, you know, peanuts.

02:18:48.000 Yeah.

02:18:49.000 Mycotoxins in peanuts are a real issue as well.

02:18:51.000 And corn, that's another real issue.

02:18:55.000 Here's the issue.

02:18:57.000 This guy is selling coffee, and now we're selling this coffee through Onnit that was...

02:19:03.000 Supposed to be the cure to this issue of mycotoxins.

02:19:07.000 No, you're actually drinking Hawaiian Kona coffee that I started drinking right after we got our results back on the mycotoxin tests.

02:19:18.000 His contention was that 70 plus percent, whatever it was, of all coffee is infected with mycotoxins and they make you sick, they make the coffee taste bitter, they make you feel bad.

02:19:29.000 I took too much of this at face value and He parroted a lot of the things that he said.

02:19:34.000 And then we decided to start looking into it ourselves.

02:19:36.000 Well, they've known about mycotoxins in coffee for a long time.

02:19:40.000 There's a PubMed study from 1980 about mycotoxins in coffee.

02:19:43.000 It's always been an issue.

02:19:44.000 But they've been able to resolve that issue with wet processing.

02:19:48.000 Wet processing, they know how good coffee providers know how to eliminate this from coffee.

02:19:55.000 We tested four random coffees.

02:19:58.000 Well, two random.

02:19:59.000 One Starbucks, one random bag from Whole Foods, One coffee that we sell, which is the upgraded coffee that Dave produces, which is good coffee, good single-source coffee, and another one called caveman coffee.

02:20:12.000 None of them tested positive for mycotoxins.

02:20:14.000 And so if 70% of all coffee has mycotoxins, and we had three bags other than the upgraded coffee, none of them are taking his upgraded quote-unquote bulletproof process Which he won't reveal what this process is publicly. 0.96

02:20:31.000 And so I kind of feel like there's some bullshit there, for sure. 0.63

02:20:37.000 There's no way we're just going to find four bags of coffee and test them. 0.95

02:20:42.000 So our friend Tate, who runs Bulletproof Coffee, he tested two bags, and his coffee and this upgraded coffee, and allegedly he found below threshold levels of mycotoxins in Dave's coffee.

02:20:56.000 So I didn't, you know, I didn't conduct that test.

02:20:59.000 I wasn't a part of that test. 0.98

02:21:00.000 I don't know if it's right, but what the fuck, you know? 0.99

02:21:04.000 Like, I feel like when you're a guy who's running on and doing these kind of interviews and spewing out all these facts, you have to be really fucking careful, you know? 0.98

02:21:15.000 You have to be really fucking careful that what you're saying is true.

02:21:18.000 And if what you're saying turns out to not be accurate and I find out you're profiting from what you're saying, It becomes bad. 0.93

02:21:27.000 It becomes a real problem.

02:21:29.000 And that's where we are with this upgraded coffee thing.

02:21:32.000 We still sell it at Onnit because it is really good coffee, but we've removed all the literature on the mycotoxin issue, all the literature on that.

02:21:43.000 Because when you talk to the people that are in the know in the coffee industry, coffee growers, people who grade coffee and rate coffee, they actually have a rating system that is, you know, like you get a 94, 95 if you have excellent coffee.

02:21:58.000 Well, your coffee loses points if it tests positive for mycotoxins.

02:22:01.000 They test it.

02:22:02.000 So he sort of created this issue and made this issue out to be like, there's a reason why you have bitter coffee.

02:22:09.000 It's mycotoxins.

02:22:10.000 Well, no, it's not! 0.99

02:22:11.000 It's fucking burnt coffee, man. 0.99

02:22:12.000 Tannins. 1.00

02:22:13.000 Tannins are bitter in coffee.

02:22:14.000 If you leave it on the pot and it stays heated, it gets bitter.

02:22:19.000 They've known that for years.

02:22:20.000 There's no studies out there that show that coffee with mycotoxins in it tests bitter. 0.97

02:22:26.000 And also, this shit of him saying that all these different coffees have tested positive for mycotoxins. 0.98

02:22:31.000 There's no tests. 0.99

02:22:32.000 He's got no results.

02:22:33.000 You can't just go around saying that without producing the data publicly.

02:22:37.000 You have to.

02:22:38.000 You have to.

02:22:41.000 Like I said, aflatoxin is one thing that certainly can cause cancer.

02:22:47.000 I've never really been that concerned about mycotoxins in my coffee being a carcinogen.

02:22:53.000 I'm more concerned about my own metabolism generating reactive oxygen species because that's generating more You know, reactive oxygen species than some mycotoxins in the coffee, and that's, you know...

02:23:06.000 Well, mycotoxins most certainly exist.

02:23:08.000 They exist in human breast milk.

02:23:10.000 How about that?

02:23:11.000 Really?

02:23:11.000 Yes, sure.

02:23:12.000 They exist.

02:23:13.000 I mean, I've gone mycotoxin loopy after all.

02:23:16.000 They're starting to read the different...

02:23:19.000 We're good to go.

02:23:37.000 They have incentive to do that.

02:23:39.000 Exactly.

02:23:40.000 So this guy is sort of, you know, he used my platform in a way that I don't think is totally ethical.

02:23:47.000 Yeah.

02:23:47.000 And, you know, he claims that he's telling the truth and he claims that, you know, if you sign a non-disclosure agreement, he'll show you all his, you know, all his testing methods.

02:23:55.000 Like, But it seems to be bullshit, and I feel bad because I like the guy, and I think that, first of all, he's a collector of ideas.

02:24:05.000 He doesn't have a formal education in nutrition. 0.96

02:24:09.000 This is not something that he's got a PhD in.

02:24:12.000 He's not you, essentially, is what I'm saying. 0.97

02:24:15.000 So, you know, when I talk to you about it, I'm getting it from someone who went to really good schools and you do research every day for a fucking living. 0.97

02:24:23.000 That's what you do. 0.99

02:24:23.000 I do. 0.99

02:24:24.000 And like I said, I'm not an expert in mycotoxin, but I've sort of not really been worried about it in coffee just based on the little bit of reading that I've done.

02:24:35.000 Well, it seems like it can be an issue if you have mycotoxin-infected coffee.

02:24:40.000 If it's really infected.

02:24:42.000 We're talking like, you know, if there's a trace amount of it, you know, I don't really think it's...

02:24:47.000 Well, that's not what we found.

02:24:50.000 What we found is zero.

02:24:52.000 But what Tate, my friend Tate in Caveman Coffee, found in his is below threshold levels of two different types of mycotoxins, which is not going to affect you at all.

02:25:00.000 No.

02:25:00.000 Well, not only that, they say that...

02:25:01.000 If anything, it's going to increase the expression of genes that are involved in stress resistance.

02:25:05.000 It's going to have a little bit of a hormetic effect, possibly.

02:25:07.000 That's interesting.

02:25:08.000 Yeah.

02:25:09.000 Well, the other thing was that the actual process of roasting the beans destroys a huge amount of the mycotoxins.

02:25:16.000 A huge amount of the mold gets killed.

02:25:18.000 Yeah, you know, another...

02:25:19.000 Like 70% to 80% in some cases.

02:25:21.000 This reminds me, there's...

02:25:22.000 This whole lectin thing is another thing when you're saying heat, you know, that something destroys...

02:25:27.000 The roasting process destroys the mycotoxin.

02:25:29.000 Well, there's this whole thing with lectins, too.

02:25:31.000 That's a big...

02:25:32.000 I don't know who started this lectin thing.

02:25:36.000 I think maybe Mercola, Mark Mercola.

02:25:38.000 But I think he talks about it also.

02:25:41.000 And it's like, oh, you can't eat beans because beans have lectins, and lectins cause an immune response in your gut, and this is going to cause leaky gut.

02:25:49.000 And that's not the whole story.

02:25:51.000 It's a little more complicated.

02:25:53.000 Lectins are inactivated by heat, and so unless you're chewing raw kidney beans or raw lentils, you're probably not activating an immune response in your gut.

02:26:02.000 And actually, beans are really high in fiber, and fiber gets broken down into short-chain fatty acids, which actually prevents the immune response in your gut.

02:26:11.000 So it's actually doing the opposite.

02:26:14.000 Some people have good information, but they also have some bad information.

02:26:18.000 And Yeah, I agree with you.

02:26:20.000 You got to be careful.

02:26:22.000 I mean, anyone that's offering you like a magic bullet, like this is it.

02:26:25.000 This is the cure.

02:26:27.000 It's complicated and there's trade-offs.

02:26:30.000 And I should be clear when I say that the roasting process supposedly eliminates mycotoxins.

02:26:36.000 It just destroys the mold that causes the mycotoxins. 0.78

02:26:40.000 Which is the source.

02:26:41.000 It's upstream of it.

02:26:42.000 Roasting doesn't actually destroy mycotoxins, but it does destroy the mold.

02:26:46.000 70 to 80 percent of it in some cases. 0.98

02:26:49.000 So it's another one of those cases where there's too much to know, there's too much to learn, and I have a guy on who says he's an expert, and some of the things that he says seem to be bullshit. 0.96

02:26:57.000 And that's the big one, that everyone has mold in their coffee except me. 0.99

02:27:01.000 I know how my super secret way of getting rid of it, but I fucking bought it. 0.65

02:27:06.000 So here we have a problem that we've allowed to be created, but I'm not drinking it anymore because of that, just out of general principle. 0.85

02:27:15.000 We'll probably eventually stop selling it.

02:27:16.000 It is good coffee.

02:27:18.000 It's good single-source coffee.

02:27:19.000 There's nothing wrong with the coffee.

02:27:21.000 For me, I prefer the coffee from Hawaii.

02:27:23.000 I love Kona coffee.

02:27:24.000 It has a really great taste to it.

02:27:26.000 So do a lot of people buy this?

02:27:28.000 Upgraded coffee, yeah.

02:27:29.000 Is that what it's called? 0.94

02:27:29.000 Well, not only that, a lot of people buy it based on this premise that has not been proven, that most coffee has mold in it, with no fucking evidence whatsoever to back that up. 0.94

02:27:38.000 I haven't seen any evidence that most coffee has mycotoxin, and I haven't seen evidence that it has levels of mycotoxins that are harmful.

02:27:48.000 There was one test that showed that in the bitterness area, there was one test that showed that mice, when they were given saccharin infused with mycotoxins, tended to avoid that saccharin with mycotoxins.

02:28:02.000 But saccharin is a sweet thing.

02:28:04.000 I mean, it's a sweet product.

02:28:08.000 And who knows why they're avoiding the taste of the mycotoxins? 0.99

02:28:12.000 Who knows if their bodies have figured out that it's fucking poison? 0.98

02:28:15.000 I mean, I don't know. 0.98

02:28:16.000 But running around saying that the reason why coffee's bitter is because of mycotoxins is just stating it as a fact.

02:28:23.000 Coffee's bitter because of tannins.

02:28:23.000 Tannins.

02:28:23.000 That's the same thing that's in tea.

02:28:25.000 Tannins.

02:28:26.000 That's why.

02:28:27.000 That's the bitter part of coffee.

02:28:29.000 But heat causes that?

02:28:32.000 No.

02:28:33.000 They're naturally in...

02:28:34.000 In those plants.

02:28:36.000 But when it gets burnt, that burnt taste.

02:28:38.000 You know, I don't know.

02:28:39.000 That burnt taste is bitter.

02:28:41.000 I haven't done enough research to know what the heat does to that process.

02:28:43.000 It's possible.

02:28:45.000 Well, that's what they say.

02:28:46.000 The coffee experts say. 0.97

02:28:48.000 I fucking read more about coffee over the last three weeks than I've ever wanted to read or thought I would ever have to. 0.97

02:28:55.000 But coffee experts, here's where it gets pretty clear. 1.00

02:29:00.000 All call bullshit. 0.99

02:29:01.000 All of them call bullshit on what he's saying. 1.00

02:29:03.000 They all call bullshit across the board. 0.99

02:29:06.000 Not just coffee providers, not just coffee growers, but coffee tasters, coffee experts. 1.00

02:29:11.000 Across the board, think that what he's saying is horseshit. 0.96

02:29:14.000 That's usually a good sign. 0.99

02:29:15.000 This one guy who's not even a fucking nutrition expert, doesn't have a PhD in nutrition, He comes along with these incredible claims and also has this incredible method to alleviate this ailment. 0.96

02:29:28.000 It's one of those classic examples. 0.98

02:29:30.000 Create a problem and then offer a solution.

02:29:33.000 Profit.

02:29:35.000 It seems to be what's been done here, whether or not it's intentional or not.

02:29:39.000 I don't even think it was intentional, but I think that he's one of those guys that once he goes down a path To say he was wrong or to try to...

02:29:49.000 Once you have a product on something, it's hard to then say you were wrong. 0.98

02:29:52.000 Yeah, you're fucking profiting off of it. 0.80

02:29:53.000 You put yourself in a situation where it's... 0.99

02:29:55.000 And it's tricky because it's not bad coffee.

02:29:58.000 It's good coffee.

02:29:59.000 It tastes good.

02:30:01.000 From our testing, it's mycotoxin-free.

02:30:03.000 It's single-source coffee.

02:30:05.000 If he just sold it as that, it would be a really good product.

02:30:08.000 There's nothing wrong with it.

02:30:10.000 The other thing about coffee experts is they want to know when it was roasted.

02:30:15.000 They want to know.

02:30:18.000 There's a time between when the coffee's roasted and how long you should keep it while it's still fresh.

02:30:23.000 He doesn't offer that.

02:30:24.000 It doesn't have any of that. 0.95

02:30:25.000 So they're calling bullshit on that too. 0.87

02:30:27.000 They're like, if you really cared about coffee, you would let us know when it's roasted. 0.93

02:30:30.000 It should have a roasted by date or roasted on date.

02:30:34.000 Yeah, yeah, yeah.

02:30:36.000 Sounds like it's pretty freaking complicated.

02:30:38.000 It's too complicated.

02:30:39.000 I have children and jobs and things to do. 0.99

02:30:43.000 I don't have time to deal with this shit, but I'm obligated now because I got thrust into this situation. 0.94

02:30:50.000 It's nice to talk to someone like you to clear up some of the misconceptions of health and nutrition and to find out what's real and what's not and what are issues. 0.98

02:31:01.000 When I talk to a guy like Brian Dunning who's like, you don't need vitamin C. You don't need this.

02:31:05.000 You don't need that.

02:31:06.000 But look at him. 0.99

02:31:07.000 He's fucking totally out of shape. 1.00

02:31:09.000 He's fat and just not taking care of his body. 1.00

02:31:11.000 He's a no-nonsense guy who got fucked because he was a kid and he was raised a Mormon and now he's trying to counteract that by being a skeptic. 0.99

02:31:19.000 I mean, that's really essentially what's going on. 1.00

02:31:20.000 But that guy can fuck with people's heads because he's not an expert. 0.99

02:31:24.000 He's clearly not an expert in a lot of things. 0.99

02:31:28.000 So, he really shouldn't be reviewing scientific literature, in my opinion.

02:31:33.000 He needs to get some people that really know how to do that if he's going to start trying to critically analyze science.

02:31:40.000 That's my opinion because I've read some of his stuff where he's trying to critically analyze it.

02:31:44.000 For example, this Linus Pauling, he's got something on his website talking about how vitamin C has no effect on cancer incidents or can help, if you already have cancer, can help kill the cancer cells.

02:32:00.000 And he puts up these studies by the MyoClinic That, you know, couldn't repeat these early studies that were done by Linus Pauling and Cameron, I forgot his name, anyways, in the late 70s.

02:32:12.000 But, you know, anyone that's a scientist will look at that and go, oh, Pauling and Cameron gave their patients, their cancer patients, vitamin C intravenously.

02:32:22.000 And they did that for a reason, because you can only horribly absorb so much vitamin C and it'll get into your bloodstream.

02:32:28.000 But intravenously, you can, like, You know, raise it to like millimolar, you know, concentrations.

02:32:33.000 And so the two myoclinic studies that repeated it, repeated it in quotations, gave them orally.

02:32:40.000 And so, you know, you can't repeat a study and change the method of administration from oral to intravenous and say, oh yeah, we repeated the study and it didn't work.

02:32:51.000 So when you're critically analyzing data, you need to focus on those sort of details because they're actually really important.

02:32:57.000 And a recent study just came out like two weeks ago where they took patients, female patients that had ovarian cancer, and they gave them vitamin C intravenously, and they were doing their standard chemo.

02:33:10.000 It's really hard nowadays to do any sort of unconventional cancer treatment.

02:33:16.000 That's not, you know, because it's like you don't want to just kill someone.

02:33:20.000 I mean, it's hard.

02:33:21.000 So anyways, they did it with the chemotherapy, and it actually...

02:33:24.000 It killed the cancer cells better, and it also alleviated a lot of the negative symptoms associated with the chemo.

02:33:30.000 And this was published in Science Translational Medicine, which is a pretty good journal for translational research, in fact.

02:33:38.000 Well, Brian has several problems with some of the things he puts out.

02:33:42.000 You know, he's accused me of being a pseudoscience shill.

02:33:46.000 And even after the podcast, where he came on and had all these...

02:33:52.000 Really ridiculous accusations that he threw at me on his website, and we talked about them one by one, what I believed and what I actually didn't believe, what I said and what I didn't say.

02:34:04.000 And hereafter, basically just... 0.59

02:34:08.000 Tapping him out mentally for three hours, just over and over and over again.

02:34:12.000 You're wrong here.

02:34:13.000 You're wrong there. 0.98

02:34:14.000 This is silly. 1.00

02:34:14.000 This is dumb. 1.00

02:34:15.000 This is poor thinking. 1.00

02:34:16.000 He went and wrote this really distorted thing on his website, this really bizarre account.

02:34:21.000 I mean, he was very kind to me.

02:34:22.000 He said I was nice and funny, but here's why he thinks I still promote dangerous pseudoscience.

02:34:27.000 Well, if you look at the videos that that guy puts out himself, he's got this video on fracking and how safe fracking is.

02:34:36.000 No need to worry about fracking.

02:34:39.000 And he's got this really hilarious smug video on the reality of fracking or hydraulic fracturing.

02:34:46.000 Fracking fucks up environments permanently all throughout the world.

02:34:50.000 There's been over a thousand instances of poisoned wells in this country because of fracking.

02:34:56.000 Documented, documented instances of poisoned wells.

02:35:00.000 I mean, they've fucked up huge parts of this country pretty much forever because of fracking.

02:35:06.000 What does fracking do?

02:35:08.000 It's a very complicated process of getting this stuff out of the ground, getting oil and natural gas out of the ground.

02:35:15.000 Mostly oil, right?

02:35:17.000 It involves water, hydraulic fracturing.

02:35:20.000 They pump water in.

02:35:21.000 I'm not the guy to be describing it.

02:35:23.000 Is this his thing on fracking?

02:35:27.000 And Fox blamed the fact that fracking was used in the area. 0.99

02:35:31.000 First of all, your music makes you want to kill babies.

02:35:36.000 ...discovered that their well had been drilled directly into a shallow natural gas deposit. 0.94

02:35:40.000 This is common.

02:35:41.000 It's not a problem if the well is properly vented.

02:35:44.000 Theirs wasn't, so gas got into their water.

02:35:48.000 How do we know it had nothing to do with fracking?

02:35:51.000 Water wells range in depth from a few meters to a few hundred at the very deepest, but fracking takes place kilometers deeper, past numerous layers of bedrock.

02:36:01.000 Years of study have proven what geologists have always known.

02:36:05.000 There's just too much distance of solid rock between the two regions for any seepage to take place.

02:36:11.000 Stop this guy right here. 0.99

02:36:13.000 That's such total horseshit. 0.99

02:36:14.000 He's just parroting the words of the people that have been paid by these companies that are making fucking trillions of dollars to say. 1.00

02:36:23.000 I mean, that's what he's doing. 0.97

02:36:24.000 These piss-poor studies, these people that have been documented on all these various documentaries. 0.96

02:36:31.000 There's the two ones on the Gasland 1 and Gasland 2, but then there's also people that have done interviews and showing how they can light their fucking water on fire now and showing how their wells are poisoned. 0.97

02:36:42.000 People who have been really made deathly ill by drinking what they thought was filtered water, but it's not filtered enough because some of the chemicals from fracking got into the water.

02:36:52.000 Proven that those are the specific chemicals that are in their water that got there from fracking. 0.99

02:36:59.000 He's just one of those fucking guys, those no-nonsense guys. 1.00

02:37:02.000 Don't worry. 1.00

02:37:03.000 The government says it's okay.

02:37:05.000 It's safe.

02:37:05.000 We're fine.

02:37:06.000 But even his tone, that's such an affected tone.

02:37:08.000 That's like a fake way of talking.

02:37:10.000 He's talking like this, reassuring you. 1.00

02:37:14.000 That's such nonsense fucking talk. 1.00

02:37:17.000 Wow. 1.00

02:37:18.000 I don't know much about fracking, but I can tell you just from reading his...

02:37:22.000 Trying to criticize science, like he's got a very topical understanding of it.

02:37:27.000 And, you know, when I was reading some of his stuff, like, I was just like, this guy shouldn't be doing this.

02:37:33.000 Like, you know, it's very, very naive understanding.

02:37:36.000 And so if you're going to try to criticize something and say it's not true...

02:37:40.000 Then you really need to know what you're talking about or get some freaking experts that really do.

02:37:44.000 He's got some real problems with his thinking and I think he knows it.

02:37:47.000 He sent me an email asking me about psychedelics.

02:37:50.000 Asking me about psychedelics and mind expanding. 1.00

02:37:52.000 I think he knows he's fucked up. 1.00

02:37:54.000 I really do. 0.99

02:37:54.000 He's also indicted by... 0.99

02:37:57.000 I mean, he's going to jail.

02:37:59.000 He's involved in an eBay scam.

02:38:00.000 He scammed them for millions of dollars.

02:38:02.000 What? 1.00

02:38:03.000 He didn't want to talk about it on the podcast, but after he talks shit about me, he can go fuck himself. 1.00

02:38:06.000 Wow. 1.00

02:38:07.000 He was involved in this eBay scam where they were cookie stuffing.

02:38:12.000 They were stuffing cookies.

02:38:13.000 You would go to use an application, and I don't know the full details of it, but he's in real trouble.

02:38:19.000 He pleaded guilty, and he's a felon.

02:38:21.000 So he was asking you about psychedelics?

02:38:23.000 That's...

02:38:24.000 Yeah. 0.99

02:38:24.000 Well, I think he wants to try to figure out what the fuck's wrong with his thinking. 0.99

02:38:28.000 Maybe. 0.99

02:38:29.000 Well, I really think that it has to do with growing up Mormon. 0.95

02:38:32.000 I really think that it's not a small amount that it fucks your head up when you grow up in a fundamentalist mindset.

02:38:39.000 When you are told that there's a man in the sky that Joseph Smith told his disciples about.

02:38:46.000 And that there's golden tablets of the lost work of Jesus.

02:38:49.000 And this guy found him when he was 14. I mean, all the shit that you have to believe to be a Mormon. 0.99

02:38:53.000 This guy bought into that hook, line, and sinker. 1.00

02:38:55.000 And that's how he grew up.

02:38:57.000 That's how he grew up as a child.

02:38:59.000 That's how he grew up as a teenager.

02:39:01.000 That's how he grew up as a man until he refuted it. 1.00

02:39:03.000 And your thought process is fucked. 1.00

02:39:05.000 Now he just doesn't believe anything. 1.00

02:39:07.000 I mean, it's like, okay, well, everything that I was told throughout my life is wrong.

02:39:10.000 So then everything else must be wrong.

02:39:12.000 If you just Google dangers of fracking, there is a tremendous amount of information out there about fracking, about what's bad about fracking, about the dangers.

02:39:23.000 And I had Peter Schiff on the podcast, who's an economic genius, very smart guy.

02:39:28.000 But also owns fracking companies.

02:39:30.000 And he was talking about it, and when I brought it up to him, he didn't deny the dangers of it.

02:39:35.000 What he said was, look, those people got money, and they got millions of dollars because of that.

02:39:39.000 Like, that's a great thing for them.

02:39:40.000 Like, in his mind, millions of dollars is okay to poison places forever.

02:39:45.000 I mean, I'm no fracking expert.

02:39:48.000 I don't claim to be a fracking expert.

02:39:50.000 But if one fraction of what is said about fracking, the negative aspects of fracking is true, It's a tricky thing.

02:39:57.000 It's a very tricky thing.

02:39:58.000 Yes, we could use the natural resources.

02:40:01.000 Yes, it would be nice to not be dependent on foreign oil.

02:40:04.000 However, if you really are destroying thousands of wells, if that really is documented, if really people are getting sick from drinking water that's contaminated with the very chemicals that they use for fracking...

02:40:17.000 You know, that doesn't seem like it's good.

02:40:19.000 That seems like that's something that most people are not aware of.

02:40:22.000 And when you find out who are the people that are funding these studies that are saying it's safe and where's the money all coming from, a lot of it's coming from these oil companies.

02:40:31.000 A lot of it is coming from these oil companies.

02:40:33.000 And the reason why these laws are in place in the first place, a lot of it is because people have been greased.

02:40:38.000 A lot of it is people have been paid off.

02:40:40.000 They understand that there's a lot of money to be made in this.

02:40:42.000 And they've allowed the doors to be open for these companies to come in and fuck up giant parts of the country forever.

02:40:50.000 Not according to Brian Dunning.

02:40:52.000 Don't worry.

02:40:53.000 Hydraulic fracturing takes place kilometers into the earth.

02:40:57.000 It's no concern.

02:40:59.000 Sleep tight.

02:41:00.000 Don't worry about eBay. 1.00

02:41:03.000 Poor bastard. 1.00

02:41:04.000 Poor bastard. 1.00

02:41:05.000 I liked him. 0.99

02:41:06.000 He's not a bad guy, too.

02:41:07.000 But, you know, he said after the podcast, he said he would remove me from his list.

02:41:12.000 He said, you've convinced me I'm going to remove you from my list.

02:41:14.000 Then, from just getting crushed by people online, the poor guy got destroyed on Twitter. 0.95

02:41:20.000 Because people who listened to the podcast were so frustrated by him and the ridiculous way he thinks and the ridiculous things that he was saying. 0.97

02:41:27.000 Yeah. 0.95

02:41:27.000 It must have been the same one. 0.95

02:41:29.000 Has he only been on once?

02:41:30.000 Yes.

02:41:30.000 Okay.

02:41:30.000 That was so infuriating.

02:41:32.000 Yeah.

02:41:35.000 You know, I haven't seen all your podcasts, but I can tell that you don't seem to be a promoter of pseudoscience.

02:41:42.000 You seem to be an inquisitive person that likes to critically think about things.

02:41:47.000 And you're also very open-minded.

02:41:49.000 So it's like, well, what if?

02:41:51.000 Let's think about how this could be working and what if it is true.

02:41:56.000 There's a difference between thinking like that and thinking.

02:42:05.000 I don't think he can see the difference.

02:42:23.000 Just back to nutrition, you know, like eating a plate full of green vegetables. 0.96

02:42:28.000 We think we're getting vitamin K and folic acid and magnesium, but there's a whole bunch of crap in there.

02:42:32.000 We don't know what it's doing.

02:42:33.000 We don't know what's in there and what it's doing and how it's affecting, you know, processes in our body.

02:42:39.000 And we do know that there's good stuff going on in there and things that we don't even understand.

02:42:43.000 So, yeah, there's a lot of stuff that we just can't explain yet.

02:42:46.000 We're trying to.

02:42:48.000 I'm not... 0.99

02:42:49.000 I'm concerned with looking like a fool. 0.96

02:42:51.000 So if something comes up and I go, is that possible? 0.99

02:42:54.000 Is that true?

02:42:55.000 Let's think about if that's possible. 0.96

02:42:56.000 There's a lot of people that are very concerned about looking like fools that won't go down those roads. 0.99

02:43:01.000 They won't say something absolutely ridiculous. 0.99

02:43:04.000 You think the CIA really did kill Kennedy? 0.92

02:43:06.000 Let's think about it.

02:43:07.000 You think it's possible for them to kill Kennedy?

02:43:09.000 There's a lot of people that go, oh, come on now.

02:43:11.000 Look, Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.

02:43:14.000 Case closed.

02:43:15.000 We're done here. 0.99

02:43:16.000 They want to be that no-nonsense guy that doesn't look like a fool. 0.99

02:43:20.000 But the problem is, there's a lot of nonsense in the world. 0.99

02:43:24.000 There is.

02:43:24.000 And if you really look into things open-minded, you find that there's some gray in everything.

02:43:30.000 In almost every subject, there's some fucking weirdness. 0.98

02:43:33.000 I agree. 0.99

02:43:35.000 100%.

02:43:35.000 Poor Brian Dunning.

02:43:37.000 Yeah. 1.00

02:43:38.000 Poor bastard. 1.00

02:43:39.000 All I have to say to him is, hire some people that know how to... 1.00

02:43:45.000 Read science and critically analyze it if you're going to call yourself a science writer.

02:43:49.000 For God's sake, you know?

02:43:50.000 Yeah. 0.96

02:43:51.000 Well, and the people like that, along with people like Dave Asprey who got the information on the study, the dietary study incorrect, it's a real problem with those guys because they're not a guy like me who's not a fucking expert in anything.

02:44:04.000 Look, if you ask me questions about martial arts, If you ask me questions about stand-up comedy, I can give you the opinion of an expert.

02:44:11.000 I'm a true expert in those very small areas.

02:44:14.000 That's it. 0.99

02:44:15.000 When you talk to me about anything else, I'll go, I fucking read some shit online. 1.00

02:44:18.000 I read a book. 0.99

02:44:19.000 I'm not an expert. 0.96

02:44:20.000 But when people start spouting shit out as fact, I'm learning on this podcast that there's a big responsibility to that. 0.87

02:44:27.000 I'm learning how the pitfalls of having people spouting things as fact That aren't necessarily factual. 0.94

02:44:36.000 And you know what?

02:44:37.000 I know a lot about nutrition and science, and there is a hell of a lot that I do not know.

02:44:42.000 Well, I love that you're honest about it, though.

02:44:44.000 Like when I asked you about amino acids and taking them without water, you're right away, I don't know.

02:44:49.000 I don't.

02:44:50.000 But that's great.

02:44:51.000 That's how the world should be. 1.00

02:44:52.000 The guys like Dave Asprey, you ask them, they come up with a fucking answer because they don't want to look stupid. 0.99

02:44:57.000 And that answer might be, why is coffee bitter? 1.00

02:44:59.000 Mycotoxins. 0.96

02:45:00.000 Are you fucking sure? 0.99

02:45:01.000 Where's your test that show mycotoxins make coffee bitter? 0.99

02:45:04.000 You don't have anything, man.

02:45:06.000 You gotta stop doing that.

02:45:07.000 You gotta stop. 0.86

02:45:08.000 You're confusing the fuck out of me. 0.99

02:45:10.000 And then I parrot what you're saying and I confuse the fuck out of a bunch of people. 0.98

02:45:13.000 And that happens a lot. 0.91

02:45:14.000 Like I said, you know, he also talks about the lectins and the beans.

02:45:18.000 And it's like...

02:45:21.000 They have some good information.

02:45:23.000 There are some good things that they say.

02:45:26.000 But there's also some information that's totally wrong.

02:45:28.000 And the problem is people think because they have one good piece of information that everything they say is right and it's not.

02:45:36.000 And that's where you get this parodying where it's like, well, there's a meme now.

02:45:40.000 It's like, I don't know who started it, but someone started it and it's not accurate.

02:45:43.000 They didn't dig deep enough.

02:45:45.000 They don't understand enough of the science behind it.

02:45:47.000 And so then you get everyone following this, this big following, and it's like, you know, like, how do you come in and say, okay, look, this is how it's really happening.

02:45:55.000 And that's kind of what I'm trying to do in some degree.

02:45:59.000 It's not easy.

02:46:01.000 And I'm doing it in my spare time because I'm also still doing research.

02:46:04.000 So on weekends, I'm writing articles and making videos instead of going out and enjoying the Bay Area.

02:46:10.000 But I freaking love doing it.

02:46:12.000 Well, listen, I've really enjoyed this conversation.

02:46:14.000 I think you've opened up a lot of people's eyes and you've educated a lot of people and provided a lot of information, almost too much information.

02:46:20.000 I'm definitely seeing people writing down all these different things and Googling all these different things that you've said.

02:46:25.000 But...

02:46:26.000 I think we could have this conversation a hundred times.

02:46:28.000 I really do.

02:46:29.000 And if you ever want to come on again, I would love to have you on again.

02:46:31.000 And tell people what, you know, your videos, where can they find them?

02:46:35.000 They're on YouTube.

02:46:36.000 So, yeah, if you go to my page, foundmyfitness.com, And really just kind of ski down the social media slopes.

02:46:44.000 Really, there's three ways people can help me.

02:46:46.000 One is by subscribing to my podcast or my iTunes and my YouTube channel to really help me keep going.

02:46:54.000 And is that Found My Fitness?

02:46:56.000 Found My Fitness.

02:46:56.000 Is that the name of the podcast?

02:46:57.000 That's the name of the podcast.

02:46:59.000 That's my Twitter name.

02:47:00.000 That's the name of my podcast.

02:47:01.000 I also have a Patreon campaign.

02:47:02.000 They could...

02:47:03.000 Help me with.

02:47:04.000 That's kind of like a Kickstarter, but you can contribute like 25 cents a month, and that's to help me pay for my podcasting, like to host my podcasting.

02:47:12.000 And it's really just to help me continue doing what I'm doing, like on weekends and in my free time.

02:47:19.000 And lastly is signing up for my newsletter.

02:47:21.000 I know that's not that cool these days, but I actually put a lot of good information in my newsletter.

02:47:25.000 I'm going to put this link to this new study on Absolutely.

02:47:35.000 Absolutely.

02:47:36.000 Absolutely.

02:47:50.000 That can separate and clear the fog on a lot of these issues. 0.98

02:47:54.000 And I'm fucking not tolerating this anymore. 0.99

02:47:58.000 If someone comes in and they have all these claims and they don't have information to back up their claims, I'm just going to fucking kick them out. 0.99

02:48:03.000 Dude, hit me up. 0.93

02:48:04.000 Anytime you have a question, I will dig into it.

02:48:06.000 I'm going to look into some of the stuff you talked about today that I didn't know about.

02:48:09.000 Beautiful.

02:48:10.000 So thank you very much.

02:48:12.000 It really is.

02:48:12.000 It's so important to have someone like yourself who's an expert that's willing to take the time to come on a podcast and educate us.

02:48:18.000 I really appreciate it.

02:48:20.000 Thanks, Joe.

02:48:20.000 Have a blast.

02:48:21.000 So you can follow Rhonda on Twitter.

02:48:24.000 It is FoundMyFitness on Twitter.

02:48:27.000 And that is also the name of the podcast, FoundMyFitness.

02:48:30.000 Anything else you want to say to people?

02:48:32.000 Yeah, that's just what I said, the three ways they can help me out.

02:48:35.000 That would really be great.

02:48:36.000 Go help her out, folks. 1.00

02:48:37.000 Help her out. 0.97

02:48:38.000 This is a hugely entertaining and educational podcast.

02:48:41.000 You're really good at this.

02:48:43.000 Appreciate it, Joe.

02:48:44.000 You should have your own podcast.

02:48:45.000 Oh, you do!

02:48:45.000 It's FoundMyFitness, and it's on iTunes.

02:48:47.000 Go get it, folks.

02:48:49.000 Thanks to our sponsor.

02:48:50.000 Thank you to Ting.

02:48:51.000 Go to rogan.ting.com and save $25 off your mobile device with a lovely network.

02:49:00.000 Rogan.Ting.com Thanks also to Onnit.

02:49:02.000 Go to O-N-N-I-T. Use the code word ROGAN and save 10% off any and all supplements.

02:49:08.000 That's it for this week.

02:49:09.000 Next week though, lots of cool people coming in, ladies and gentlemen. 0.51

02:49:13.000 We got a lot of shit happening and thank you for all the love.

02:49:16.000 All the love on Twitter, all the love on Facebook and all the positive responses that we get and all the cool people that I meet that tell me how much this podcast enhances your life.

02:49:25.000 It enhances mine too and it would be nothing without you guys.

02:49:28.000 So thank you so much.

02:49:30.000 Keep it together.

02:49:31.000 We're all in this as one.

02:49:33.000 Big kiss.

The Joe Rogan Experience - February 20, 2014

Joe Rogan Experience #459 - Dr. Rhonda Patrick

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