The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - 141. Foreword to The Gulag Archipelago： 50th Anniversary

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00:02:15.240 Earlier this year, I was invited by Nick Skidmore, editor of Vintage Classics at Penguin,

00:02:21.880 to write the foreword to the 50th anniversary edition of the single-volume-abridged version of Alexander Solzhenitsyn's The Gulag Archipelago.

00:02:32.320 This was perhaps the single greatest honor that has ever befallen me,

00:02:36.920 given the historical importance of Solzhenitsyn's book, as well as its great personal impact on me.

00:02:42.800 The Gulag Archipelago, in its full form, was a three-volume text, originally written between 1958 and 1968.

00:02:53.560 It first saw publication in 1973 and was translated into English a year later.

00:02:59.580 It describes life in the Soviet forced labor camp system, the Gulag,

00:03:06.360 through a narrative compiled from interviews, personal statements from inmates, diaries,

00:03:12.400 legal and historical documents, and the author's own experience as a Gulag prisoner.

00:03:18.820 Following its appearance, the book circulated underground in the Soviet Union

00:03:22.920 until its formal publication in 1989 in the literary journal Novy Mir,

00:03:28.340 which published a third of the work in three issues.

00:03:31.660 Since the Soviet Union dissolved,

00:03:34.300 the entire book has been published and has been made mandatory reading in the Russian school curriculum.

00:03:41.200 The 50th anniversary edition is slated for release November 1st, 2018.

00:03:47.860 Here's a brief biography of the author, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, from the book.

00:03:58.320 Solzhenitsyn was born in 1918 and grew up in Rostov on Don.

00:04:03.600 He graduated in physics and mathematics from Rostov University

00:04:07.380 and studied literature by correspondence course at Moscow University.

00:04:11.600 In World War II, he fought as an artillery officer, attaining the rank of captain.

00:04:18.460 In 1945, however, after making derogatory remarks about Stalin in a letter,

00:04:25.040 he was arrested and summarily sentenced to eight years in forced labor camps,

00:04:29.940 followed by internal exile.

00:04:32.060 In 1957, he was formally rehabilitated and settled down to teaching and writing.

00:04:37.520 Here's a description of the book from the back cover.

00:04:43.800 The officially approved abridgment of the Gulag Archipelago, Volumes 1, 2, and 3.

00:04:50.100 A vast canvas of camps, prisons, transit centers, and secret police,

00:04:57.660 of informers and spies and interrogators, but also of everyday heroism.

00:05:02.760 The Gulag Archipelago is Alexander Solzhenitsyn's grand masterwork. 0.84

00:05:08.400 Based on the testimony of some 200 survivors

00:05:11.040 and on the recollection of Solzhenitsyn's own 11 years in labor camps in exile,

00:05:16.220 it chronicles the story of those at the heart of the Soviet Union who opposed Stalin

00:05:21.400 and for whom the key to survival lay not in hope but in despair.

00:05:26.020 A thoroughly researched document and a feat of literary and imaginative power,

00:05:32.440 this edition of the Gulag Archipelago was abridged into one volume

00:05:36.180 at the author's wish and with his full cooperation.

00:05:41.380 Doris Lessing, 1919-2013, a British novelist, playwright, librettist, biographer,

00:05:49.420 and short story writer, and winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize for Literature,

00:05:55.160 says of the Gulag Archipelago,

00:05:57.440 it helped to bring down an empire.

00:06:00.380 Its importance can hardly be exaggerated.

00:06:05.260 This is Solzhenitsyn's own forward to the original abridgment.

00:06:09.080 I dedicate this to all those who did not live to tell it,

00:06:14.540 and may they please forgive me for not having seen it all,

00:06:18.220 nor remembered it all,

00:06:20.100 for not having divined it all.

00:06:23.640 If it were possible for any nation to fathom

00:06:26.220 another people's bitter experience through a book,

00:06:28.980 how much easier its future fate would become,

00:06:32.440 and how many calamities and mistakes it could avoid.

00:06:35.220 But it is very difficult.

00:06:39.120 There always is this fallacious belief.

00:06:43.060 It would not be the same here.

00:06:44.940 Here, such things are impossible.

00:06:48.180 Alas, all the evil of the 20th century

00:06:51.040 is possible everywhere on earth.

00:06:53.960 Yet I have not given up all hope

00:06:55.700 that human beings and nations may be able,

00:06:58.220 in spite of all,

00:06:59.580 to learn from the experience of other people

00:07:01.780 without having to live through it personally.

00:07:03.860 Therefore, I gratefully accept

00:07:06.520 Professor Erickson's suggestion

00:07:08.000 to create a one-volume abridgment

00:07:10.180 of my three-volume work,

00:07:11.960 The Gulag Archipelago,

00:07:13.800 in order to facilitate its reading

00:07:15.540 for those who do not have much time

00:07:17.820 in this hectic century of ours.

00:07:20.320 I thank Professor Erickson

00:07:22.040 for his generous initiative,

00:07:23.940 as well as for the tactfulness,

00:07:25.900 the literary taste,

00:07:27.140 and the understanding of Western readers

00:07:29.080 which he displayed

00:07:30.000 during the work on the abridgment.

00:07:32.040 Edward E. Erickson, Jr.,

00:07:36.860 1939 to 2017,

00:07:40.100 who served as the editor

00:07:41.220 of the abridged single-volume version

00:07:43.380 of The Gulag Archipelago,

00:07:45.260 was Professor Emeritus of English

00:07:47.080 at Calvin College,

00:07:48.560 and the author of many other books,

00:07:50.760 including The Solzhenitsyn Reader,

00:07:53.080 The Apocalyptic Vision of Mikhail Bolgakov's

00:07:56.300 The Master and Margarita,

00:07:57.620 and The Soul and Barbed Wire,

00:08:00.580 An Introduction to Solzhenitsyn.

00:08:03.000 This is what he had to say

00:08:04.820 when he introduced the abridged version.

00:08:06.940 In 1994,

00:08:10.320 after 20 years of forced exile in the West,

00:08:13.040 Alexander Solzhenitsyn returned to Russia.

00:08:16.160 At one town meeting,

00:08:17.640 held on his trans-Siberian whistle-stop tour

00:08:20.500 to reacquaint himself with his homeland,

00:08:22.960 he was confronted by this rebuke.

00:08:24.880 It is you and your writing

00:08:27.480 that started it all

00:08:28.520 and brought our country

00:08:29.580 to the verge of collapse and devastation.

00:08:32.160 Russia doesn't need you.

00:08:33.860 So, go back to your blessed America.

00:08:38.860 Solzhenitsyn instantly replied

00:08:40.660 that to his dying day

00:08:41.880 he would keep fighting against

00:08:43.140 the evil ideology

00:08:44.220 that was capable of slaying

00:08:46.000 one-third of his country's population.

00:08:48.620 The meeting erupted in applause.

00:08:51.940 That sort of exchange

00:08:53.540 was unimaginable

00:08:54.780 when the present abridgment

00:08:55.860 of the Gulag Archipelago

00:08:57.160 first appeared in 1985.

00:08:59.700 Almost no one expected then

00:09:01.200 that within a few years

00:09:02.660 the Soviet Union would collapse

00:09:04.440 and almost in a day

00:09:06.280 like the legendary one-horse Shea.

00:09:09.660 Yet now,

00:09:10.260 the dramatic events

00:09:11.160 that put the closing punctuation mark

00:09:13.060 on the Soviet parentheses

00:09:14.460 in Russian history

00:09:15.640 have also, we may say,

00:09:17.540 brought an end

00:09:18.120 to what the great Russian poet

00:09:19.900 Anna Akhmatova called

00:09:21.980 The True 20th Century.

00:09:24.780 This foreshortened century,

00:09:27.000 running from 1914 to 1917

00:09:29.620 to 1989-1991,

00:09:33.280 was the era 0.56

00:09:33.920 when utopian dreams

00:09:35.220 rooted in enlightenment optimism

00:09:37.300 came to rely on brute force

00:09:39.580 to make ideological schemes prevail.

00:09:43.320 The 20th century

00:09:44.800 has proven,

00:09:45.680 in quantitative terms at least,

00:09:47.440 the most murderous

00:09:48.700 in human history

00:09:49.620 as governments killed

00:09:50.900 their subjects

00:09:51.460 at record rates.

00:09:53.420 For decades,

00:09:54.440 the word Holocaust

00:09:55.300 served as shorthand

00:09:56.860 for modern man's

00:09:57.880 inhumanity to man.

00:10:00.000 Then one lone man

00:10:01.660 added a second such term,

00:10:03.840 Gulag,

00:10:04.560 which now appears

00:10:05.520 in dictionaries

00:10:06.380 as a common noun.

00:10:08.960 Solzhenitsyn was one

00:10:10.000 of the precious few

00:10:10.900 who did anticipate

00:10:11.960 the demise

00:10:12.640 of the Soviet experiment

00:10:13.860 and he thought

00:10:14.700 his book would help.

00:10:15.660 Oh yes,

00:10:18.060 Gulag was destined

00:10:19.020 to affect the course

00:10:20.100 of history.

00:10:20.940 I was sure of that.

00:10:23.080 On one of his darkest days,

00:10:24.880 February 12th, 1974,

00:10:27.140 the day before he was

00:10:28.000 forced into exile,

00:10:29.600 and precisely because

00:10:30.560 the Gulag had appeared 0.96

00:10:31.640 in the West,

00:10:32.620 he mused,

00:10:33.860 You Bolsheviks 0.99

00:10:34.920 are finished.

00:10:36.080 There are no two ways

00:10:37.080 about it.

00:10:38.900 What satisfaction

00:10:40.140 he felt then

00:10:41.080 when some early reviews,

00:10:42.560 such as one from

00:10:43.400 the Frankfurter Elgermain,

00:10:45.260 a leading German newspaper,

00:10:47.060 caught his intentions.

00:10:49.320 The time may come

00:10:50.420 when we date

00:10:51.240 the beginning

00:10:51.680 of the collapse

00:10:52.460 of the Soviet system

00:10:53.640 from the appearance

00:10:54.700 of Gulag.

00:10:56.360 American diplomat

00:10:57.520 and scholar

00:10:57.980 George F. Kennan

00:10:59.240 hailed the work

00:11:00.320 as the greatest

00:11:01.260 and most powerful

00:11:02.220 single indictment

00:11:03.240 of a political regime

00:11:04.460 ever to be leveled

00:11:05.680 in modern times.

00:11:07.580 One sure to stick

00:11:09.280 in the craw

00:11:10.400 of the Soviet

00:11:11.200 propaganda machine

00:11:12.420 with increasing

00:11:13.400 discomfort

00:11:14.100 until it has

00:11:15.420 done its work.

00:11:18.200 Solzhenitsyn

00:11:18.840 has proven prescient

00:11:20.340 on other matters

00:11:21.400 as well.

00:11:22.540 Not only did he

00:11:23.180 reiterate in the teeth

00:11:24.380 of the prevailing

00:11:25.160 opinion of Western

00:11:26.180 specialists on Soviet

00:11:27.560 affairs

00:11:28.020 that he was

00:11:28.820 absolutely convinced

00:11:30.060 that communism

00:11:30.780 will go,

00:11:31.920 he also insisted

00:11:33.180 most resolutely

00:11:34.220 and against all

00:11:35.300 seeming reason

00:11:36.100 that he expected

00:11:37.160 to be reunited

00:11:38.060 with his beloved

00:11:38.920 Russia.

00:11:39.440 In a strange way

00:11:42.020 I not only hope

00:11:43.300 I am inwardly

00:11:44.400 convinced

00:11:44.920 that I shall

00:11:45.860 go back.

00:11:46.980 I mean my

00:11:47.540 physical return

00:11:48.480 not just my books

00:11:49.740 and that

00:11:50.740 contradicts

00:11:51.520 all rationality.

00:11:53.840 His improbable

00:11:54.960 prerequisites

00:11:55.780 were that his

00:11:56.340 citizenship

00:11:56.960 be restored

00:11:57.920 that the charge

00:11:59.040 of treason

00:11:59.660 against him

00:12:00.260 be dropped

00:12:00.800 and that all

00:12:01.740 his books

00:12:02.200 be published

00:12:02.760 in his homeland.

00:12:04.800 After his

00:12:05.560 prophecies

00:12:06.120 were fulfilled

00:12:06.840 a friend

00:12:07.620 of his

00:12:08.000 reminisced

00:12:08.760 it seemed

00:12:10.180 crazy to me

00:12:10.920 at the time

00:12:11.500 but it was

00:12:12.460 a real conviction

00:12:13.300 a poet's

00:12:14.280 knowledge

00:12:14.720 he sees

00:12:16.100 the man

00:12:17.180 sees

00:12:17.800 however

00:12:19.840 historians

00:12:20.580 ultimately

00:12:21.420 apportioned

00:12:22.100 the credit

00:12:22.460 for ending

00:12:22.940 the Cold War

00:12:23.800 Solzhenitsyn

00:12:24.780 indubitably

00:12:25.560 played a part

00:12:26.200 in bringing

00:12:26.740 the Soviet

00:12:27.640 edifice

00:12:28.180 down to

00:12:29.000 rubble

00:12:29.420 his writings

00:12:30.940 delegitimized

00:12:32.100 communism

00:12:32.600 in his homeland

00:12:33.720 and discredited

00:12:35.040 it abroad

00:12:35.980 he was much

00:12:37.160 too modest

00:12:37.660 in depicting

00:12:38.240 himself

00:12:38.680 as a little

00:12:39.300 calf

00:12:39.800 foolishly

00:12:40.440 budding

00:12:40.760 a mighty

00:12:41.200 oak

00:12:41.580 and thinking

00:12:42.280 this could

00:12:42.720 bring it

00:12:43.100 down

00:12:43.480 as David

00:12:45.280 Remnick

00:12:45.780 editor of

00:12:46.600 the New Yorker

00:12:47.320 declares

00:12:47.920 in terms of

00:12:50.140 the effect

00:12:50.700 he has had

00:12:51.180 on history

00:12:51.840 Solzhenitsyn

00:12:52.640 is the

00:12:53.100 dominant

00:12:53.580 writer

00:12:54.040 of the

00:12:54.500 century

00:12:54.960 who else

00:12:56.540 compares

00:12:57.200 Orwell

00:12:58.660 Kessler

00:13:00.160 Remnick

00:13:01.720 concludes

00:13:02.480 that to

00:13:03.320 some extent

00:13:04.020 you have

00:13:04.640 to credit

00:13:05.000 the literary

00:13:05.560 works of

00:13:06.160 Alexander

00:13:06.660 Solzhenitsyn

00:13:07.500 with helping

00:13:08.800 to bring

00:13:09.280 down

00:13:09.700 the last

00:13:10.600 empire

00:13:11.160 on earth

00:13:12.040 so

00:13:14.820 after that

00:13:15.660 introductory

00:13:16.220 material

00:13:16.980 my

00:13:18.620 foreword

00:13:19.240 it begins

00:13:21.520 with an

00:13:22.180 excerpt

00:13:22.620 from the

00:13:23.020 speech

00:13:23.380 delivered

00:13:23.820 by Solzhenitsyn

00:13:24.880 to the

00:13:25.260 Swedish

00:13:25.560 Academy

00:13:26.080 on the

00:13:27.000 occasion

00:13:27.420 of his

00:13:27.800 acceptance

00:13:28.280 of the

00:13:28.760 Nobel

00:13:29.060 Prize

00:13:29.580 for

00:13:29.820 Literature

00:13:30.380 Once we

00:13:33.020 have taken

00:13:33.460 up the

00:13:33.860 word

00:13:34.200 it is

00:13:35.000 thereafter

00:13:35.420 impossible

00:13:36.060 to turn

00:13:36.680 away

00:13:37.060 A writer

00:13:39.260 is no

00:13:39.720 detached

00:13:40.260 judge

00:13:40.760 of his

00:13:41.120 countrymen

00:13:41.620 and

00:13:41.800 contemporaries

00:13:42.600 he is

00:13:43.540 an

00:13:43.680 accomplice

00:13:44.240 to all

00:13:44.620 the evil

00:13:45.120 committed

00:13:45.520 in his

00:13:45.940 country

00:13:46.380 or by

00:13:47.080 his

00:13:47.280 people

00:13:47.640 and if

00:13:48.980 the

00:13:49.120 tanks

00:13:49.420 of his

00:13:49.740 fatherland

00:13:50.400 have

00:13:51.100 bloodied

00:13:51.520 the

00:13:51.700 pavement

00:13:52.060 of a

00:13:52.440 foreign

00:13:52.720 capital

00:13:53.260 then

00:13:54.400 rust

00:13:54.760 colored

00:13:55.100 stains

00:13:55.640 have

00:13:55.960 forever

00:13:56.360 bespattered

00:13:57.080 the

00:13:57.340 writer's

00:13:57.760 face

00:13:58.180 and

00:13:59.560 if

00:13:59.780 on

00:14:00.020 some

00:14:00.320 fateful

00:14:00.880 night

00:14:01.240 a

00:14:01.460 trusting

00:14:01.820 friend

00:14:02.400 is

00:14:02.660 strangled

00:14:03.180 in

00:14:03.340 his

00:14:03.520 sleep

00:14:03.920 then

00:14:05.360 the

00:14:05.540 palms

00:14:05.840 of

00:14:06.040 the

00:14:06.180 writer

00:14:06.460 bear

00:14:07.040 the

00:14:07.220 bruises

00:14:07.640 from

00:14:07.920 that

00:14:08.200 rope

00:14:08.600 and

00:14:10.400 if

00:14:10.520 his

00:14:10.660 youthful

00:14:11.220 fellow

00:14:11.580 citizens

00:14:12.240 nonchalantly

00:14:13.440 proclaim

00:14:14.080 the

00:14:14.360 advantages

00:14:14.880 of

00:14:15.220 debauchery

00:14:16.040 over

00:14:16.600 humble

00:14:17.020 toil

00:14:17.480 if

00:14:18.120 they

00:14:18.240 abandon

00:14:18.600 themselves

00:14:19.020 to

00:14:19.280 drugs

00:14:19.780 or

00:14:20.340 seize

00:14:20.680 hostages

00:14:21.380 then

00:14:23.060 this

00:14:23.280 stench

00:14:23.680 too

00:14:23.920 is

00:14:24.120 mingled

00:14:24.500 with

00:14:24.720 the

00:14:24.880 breath

00:14:25.120 of

00:14:25.300 the

00:14:25.440 writer

00:14:25.740 have

00:14:27.460 we

00:14:27.600 the

00:14:27.800 insolence

00:14:28.260 to

00:14:28.480 declare

00:14:28.820 that

00:14:29.040 we

00:14:29.200 do

00:14:29.420 not

00:14:29.700 answer

00:14:30.080 for

00:14:30.300 the

00:14:30.460 evils

00:14:30.840 of

00:14:31.040 today's

00:14:31.520 world

00:14:31.940 the

00:14:34.620 simple

00:14:35.040 act

00:14:35.460 of

00:14:35.600 an

00:14:35.720 ordinary

00:14:36.120 brave

00:14:36.620 man

00:14:37.060 is

00:14:37.700 not

00:14:38.040 to

00:14:38.300 participate

00:14:38.780 in

00:14:39.080 lies

00:14:39.520 not

00:14:40.040 to

00:14:40.320 support

00:14:40.700 false

00:14:41.160 actions

00:14:41.780 his

00:14:43.400 rule

00:14:43.880 let

00:14:45.760 that

00:14:46.460 come

00:14:47.040 into

00:14:47.300 the

00:14:47.520 world

00:14:47.920 let

00:14:49.220 it

00:14:49.360 even

00:14:49.600 reign

00:14:49.900 supreme

00:14:50.420 only

00:14:51.660 not

00:14:52.040 through

00:14:52.360 me

00:14:52.860 but

00:14:55.640 it

00:14:55.760 is

00:14:55.920 within

00:14:56.280 the

00:14:56.500 power

00:14:56.780 of

00:14:57.000 writers

00:14:57.320 and

00:14:57.540 artists

00:14:57.900 to

00:14:58.140 do

00:14:58.280 much

00:14:58.560 more

00:14:58.940 to

00:14:59.320 defeat

00:14:59.740 the

00:15:00.020 lie

00:15:00.400 for

00:15:01.220 in

00:15:01.380 the

00:15:01.520 struggle

00:15:01.820 with

00:15:02.060 lies

00:15:02.520 art

00:15:03.000 has

00:15:03.200 always

00:15:03.500 triumphed

00:15:04.340 and

00:15:04.560 shall

00:15:04.920 always

00:15:05.300 triumph

00:15:05.880 visibly

00:15:06.800 irrefutably

00:15:08.000 for

00:15:08.280 all

00:15:08.700 lies

00:15:09.960 can

00:15:10.400 prevail

00:15:10.820 against

00:15:11.220 much

00:15:11.580 in

00:15:11.740 this

00:15:11.940 world

00:15:12.340 but

00:15:13.640 never

00:15:13.900 against

00:15:14.320 art

00:15:14.740 one

00:15:15.840 word

00:15:16.460 of

00:15:16.640 truth

00:15:17.220 shall

00:15:18.640 outweigh

00:15:19.200 the

00:15:19.660 whole

00:15:19.900 world

00:15:20.440 first

00:15:23.060 you

00:15:23.520 defend

00:15:23.880 your

00:15:24.060 homeland

00:15:24.400 against

00:15:24.840 the

00:15:25.080 nazis

00:15:25.720 serving

00:15:26.720 as a

00:15:27.060 twice

00:15:27.300 decorated

00:15:27.780 soldier

00:15:28.240 on

00:15:28.460 the

00:15:28.580 eastern

00:15:28.920 front

00:15:29.360 in

00:15:29.600 the

00:15:29.740 criminally

00:15:30.380 ill-prepared

00:15:31.200 soviet

00:15:31.820 red

00:15:32.120 army

00:15:32.500 then

00:15:33.980 you're

00:15:34.500 arrested

00:15:35.000 humiliated

00:15:36.020 stripped

00:15:36.700 of your

00:15:37.080 military

00:15:37.600 rank

00:15:38.140 charged

00:15:38.980 under

00:15:39.260 the

00:15:39.440 auspices

00:15:39.940 of

00:15:40.260 the

00:15:40.420 all

00:15:40.720 purpose

00:15:41.300 article

00:15:41.760 58

00:15:42.480 with

00:15:43.000 the

00:15:43.160 dissemination

00:15:43.900 of

00:15:44.120 anti-soviet

00:15:45.360 propaganda

00:15:46.120 and

00:15:46.660 dragged

00:15:47.040 off

00:15:47.400 to

00:15:47.580 moscow's

00:15:48.080 infamous

00:15:48.540 lubyanka

00:15:49.160 prison

00:15:49.660 there

00:15:52.000 through

00:15:52.260 the

00:15:52.420 bars

00:15:52.680 of

00:15:52.840 your

00:15:53.020 cell

00:15:53.360 you

00:15:53.860 watch

00:15:54.340 your

00:15:54.800 beloved

00:15:55.220 country

00:15:55.820 celebrating

00:15:56.740 its

00:15:57.000 victory

00:15:57.480 in

00:15:57.940 the

00:15:58.080 great

00:15:58.380 patriotic

00:15:59.120 war

00:15:59.600 then

00:16:01.300 you're

00:16:01.580 sentenced

00:16:01.940 in

00:16:02.200 absentia

00:16:02.920 to

00:16:03.400 eight

00:16:03.740 years

00:16:04.140 of

00:16:04.320 hard

00:16:04.600 labor

00:16:04.960 but

00:16:05.940 you

00:16:06.120 got

00:16:06.380 away

00:16:06.600 easy

00:16:07.020 it

00:16:07.960 wasn't

00:16:08.240 so

00:16:08.440 long

00:16:08.680 afterward

00:16:09.120 that

00:16:09.380 people

00:16:09.640 in

00:16:09.820 your

00:16:09.980 position

00:16:10.380 were

00:16:10.620 awarded

00:16:11.060 a

00:16:11.320 tenor

00:16:11.740 and

00:16:12.780 then

00:16:12.900 a

00:16:13.080 quarter

00:16:13.380 of

00:16:13.600 a

00:16:13.740 century

00:16:14.140 and

00:16:15.100 fate

00:16:15.380 isn't

00:16:15.700 finished

00:16:16.020 with

00:16:16.240 you

00:16:16.540 yet

00:16:16.960 not

00:16:17.480 by

00:16:17.700 any

00:16:17.960 means

00:16:18.400 you

00:16:19.420 develop

00:16:19.780 a

00:16:20.000 deadly

00:16:20.280 cancer

00:16:20.820 in

00:16:21.040 the

00:16:21.200 camp

00:16:21.580 endure

00:16:22.380 the

00:16:22.660 exile

00:16:23.120 imposed

00:16:23.660 on

00:16:23.900 you

00:16:24.060 after

00:16:24.340 your

00:16:24.580 imprisonment

00:16:25.200 ends

00:16:25.640 and

00:16:26.380 pass

00:16:26.760 very

00:16:27.060 close

00:16:27.420 to

00:16:27.660 death

00:16:28.040 despite

00:16:29.080 all

00:16:29.460 this

00:16:29.820 you

00:16:30.440 hold

00:16:30.720 your

00:16:30.880 head

00:16:31.120 high

00:16:31.500 you

00:16:32.260 you

00:16:32.280 refuse

00:16:32.620 to

00:16:32.840 turn

00:16:33.060 against

00:16:33.380 man

00:16:33.720 or

00:16:33.880 god

00:16:34.340 although

00:16:35.040 you

00:16:35.220 have

00:16:35.400 every

00:16:35.640 reason

00:16:35.980 to

00:16:36.180 do

00:16:36.380 so

00:16:36.740 you

00:16:38.360 write

00:16:38.780 instead

00:16:39.300 secretly

00:16:39.960 at

00:16:40.260 night

00:16:40.580 documenting

00:16:41.680 your

00:16:41.980 terrible

00:16:42.340 experiences

00:16:43.080 you

00:16:44.580 craft

00:16:45.140 a

00:16:45.400 personal

00:16:45.880 memoir

00:16:46.400 a

00:16:47.200 single

00:16:47.520 day

00:16:47.800 in

00:16:47.940 the

00:16:48.060 labor

00:16:48.320 camps

00:16:48.860 and

00:16:50.300 miracle

00:16:51.280 of

00:16:51.580 miracles

00:16:52.180 the

00:16:53.300 clouds

00:16:53.740 part

00:16:54.280 the

00:16:55.100 sun

00:16:55.420 shines

00:16:56.000 through

00:16:56.460 your

00:16:58.180 book

00:16:58.400 is

00:16:58.580 published

00:16:59.000 and

00:16:59.460 in

00:16:59.600 your

00:16:59.760 own

00:17:00.040 country

00:17:00.560 it

00:17:02.220 meets

00:17:02.560 with

00:17:02.800 unparalleled

00:17:03.800 acclaim

00:17:04.400 nationally

00:17:05.260 and

00:17:05.500 internationally

00:17:06.220 but

00:17:08.180 the sky

00:17:08.680 darkens

00:17:09.220 once again

00:17:09.840 and the

00:17:10.160 sun

00:17:10.380 disappears

00:17:11.060 the

00:17:11.520 repression

00:17:12.020 returns

00:17:12.760 you

00:17:13.680 become

00:17:14.200 once

00:17:14.820 again

00:17:15.240 a

00:17:15.840 non

00:17:16.160 person

00:17:16.680 the

00:17:18.140 secret

00:17:18.480 police

00:17:19.020 the

00:17:19.500 dread

00:17:19.940 KGB

00:17:20.700 sees

00:17:21.820 the

00:17:22.060 manuscript

00:17:22.540 of

00:17:22.880 your

00:17:23.020 next

00:17:23.340 book

00:17:23.740 it

00:17:25.060 sees

00:17:25.340 the

00:17:25.520 light

00:17:25.720 of

00:17:25.860 day

00:17:26.100 nonetheless

00:17:26.540 but

00:17:27.100 only

00:17:27.360 in

00:17:27.520 the

00:17:27.660 west

00:17:28.040 there

00:17:29.820 your

00:17:30.180 reputation

00:17:30.740 grows

00:17:31.380 beyond

00:17:31.720 the

00:17:31.920 wildest

00:17:32.360 of

00:17:32.500 imaginings

00:17:33.300 the

00:17:34.100 nobel

00:17:34.600 committee

00:17:35.040 itself

00:17:35.720 bestows

00:17:36.500 upon

00:17:36.840 you

00:17:37.160 its

00:17:37.660 highest

00:17:38.120 literary

00:17:38.700 honor

00:17:39.240 the

00:17:40.980 soviet

00:17:41.380 authorities

00:17:41.920 stripped

00:17:42.360 of their

00:17:42.800 camouflage

00:17:43.320 are

00:17:43.940 enraged

00:17:44.640 they

00:17:45.160 order

00:17:45.440 the

00:17:45.660 secret

00:17:45.940 police

00:17:46.280 to

00:17:46.500 poison 0.99

00:17:46.900 you

00:17:47.220 you

00:17:48.760 pass

00:17:49.140 once

00:17:49.480 again

00:17:49.860 near

00:17:50.200 death

00:17:50.660 but 0.59

00:17:51.380 you

00:17:51.520 continue

00:17:51.860 to

00:17:52.100 write

00:17:52.460 driven

00:17:53.180 solitary

00:17:54.280 intolerably

00:17:55.700 inspired

00:17:56.360 your

00:17:58.080 gulag

00:17:58.760 archipelago

00:17:59.560 documents

00:18:00.240 the

00:18:00.480 absolute

00:18:01.020 and

00:18:01.360 utter

00:18:01.700 corruption

00:18:02.220 of the

00:18:02.700 dogmas

00:18:03.220 and

00:18:03.440 doctrines

00:18:03.920 of your

00:18:04.260 state

00:18:04.720 your

00:18:05.420 empire

00:18:05.980 your

00:18:06.960 leaders

00:18:07.480 and

00:18:09.040 yourself

00:18:09.540 and

00:18:11.340 then

00:18:11.640 that

00:18:12.760 is

00:18:12.960 printed

00:18:13.300 too

00:18:13.740 not

00:18:15.380 in

00:18:15.540 your

00:18:15.680 own

00:18:15.880 country

00:18:16.300 but

00:18:16.940 in

00:18:17.060 the

00:18:17.200 west

00:18:17.580 once

00:18:18.140 again

00:18:18.560 from

00:18:19.340 copies

00:18:19.860 oh so

00:18:20.400 dangerously

00:18:21.160 hidden

00:18:21.580 and smuggled

00:18:22.320 across

00:18:22.720 the

00:18:22.940 borders

00:18:23.300 and

00:18:24.080 your

00:18:24.200 great

00:18:24.500 book

00:18:24.800 bursts

00:18:25.300 with

00:18:25.560 unparalleled

00:18:26.400 and

00:18:26.620 dreadful

00:18:27.040 force

00:18:27.520 into

00:18:28.000 the

00:18:28.220 still

00:18:28.480 naive

00:18:28.860 and

00:18:29.160 unexpecting

00:18:29.960 literary

00:18:30.400 and

00:18:30.700 intellectual

00:18:31.240 world

00:18:31.880 you're

00:18:33.220 expelled

00:18:33.660 from

00:18:33.980 the

00:18:34.160 soviet

00:18:34.540 union

00:18:34.940 stripped

00:18:35.720 of

00:18:36.080 your

00:18:36.280 citizenship

00:18:36.940 forced

00:18:38.160 to

00:18:38.640 take

00:18:38.860 residency

00:18:39.440 in

00:18:39.680 a

00:18:39.800 society

00:18:40.260 both

00:18:40.640 strange

00:18:41.120 to

00:18:41.360 you

00:18:41.640 and

00:18:42.100 resistant

00:18:42.600 in

00:18:42.940 its

00:18:43.100 own

00:18:43.340 way

00:18:43.660 to

00:18:44.100 your

00:18:44.280 prophetic

00:18:44.680 words

00:18:45.300 but

00:18:46.420 the

00:18:46.580 power

00:18:46.900 of

00:18:47.080 your

00:18:47.240 stories

00:18:47.720 and

00:18:47.980 the

00:18:48.120 strength

00:18:48.420 of

00:18:48.580 your

00:18:48.740 morals

00:18:49.140 demolish

00:18:50.180 any

00:18:50.720 remaining

00:18:51.160 claims

00:18:51.660 to

00:18:51.860 ethical

00:18:52.180 and

00:18:52.480 philosophical

00:18:53.040 credibility

00:18:53.840 still

00:18:54.500 made

00:18:54.920 by

00:18:55.160 the

00:18:55.340 defenders

00:18:55.760 of

00:18:56.260 the

00:18:56.420 collectivist

00:18:57.140 system

00:18:57.660 that

00:18:58.240 gave

00:18:58.500 rise

00:18:58.840 to

00:18:59.020 all

00:18:59.240 that

00:18:59.440 you

00:18:59.620 witnessed

00:19:00.120 years

00:19:02.000 pass

00:19:02.720 but

00:19:04.140 not so

00:19:04.560 many

00:19:04.840 from

00:19:05.380 the

00:19:05.540 perspective

00:19:06.000 of

00:19:06.280 history

00:19:06.740 then

00:19:08.000 another

00:19:09.980 miracle

00:19:10.560 the

00:19:11.980 soviet

00:19:12.420 union

00:19:12.780 collapses

00:19:13.420 you

00:19:14.600 return

00:19:15.000 home

00:19:15.440 your

00:19:15.860 citizenship

00:19:16.380 is

00:19:16.760 restored

00:19:17.300 you

00:19:18.400 write

00:19:18.700 and

00:19:18.940 speak

00:19:19.300 in

00:19:19.460 your

00:19:19.620 reclaimed

00:19:20.080 homeland

00:19:20.500 until

00:19:21.000 death

00:19:21.380 claims

00:19:21.860 you

00:19:22.140 in

00:19:22.760 2008

00:19:23.660 a

00:19:24.900 year

00:19:25.240 later

00:19:25.700 the

00:19:26.140 gulag

00:19:26.480 archipelago

00:19:27.120 is

00:19:27.380 deemed

00:19:27.700 mandatory

00:19:28.440 reading

00:19:29.020 by those

00:19:29.500 responsible

00:19:30.140 for

00:19:30.700 establishing

00:19:31.260 the

00:19:31.520 national

00:19:31.920 school

00:19:32.320 curriculum

00:19:32.880 of

00:19:33.380 your

00:19:33.500 home

00:19:33.720 country

00:19:34.200 your

00:19:36.040 impossible

00:19:36.600 victory

00:19:37.140 is

00:19:37.860 complete

00:19:38.400 the

00:19:43.020 three

00:19:43.280 volumes

00:19:43.800 of the

00:19:44.160 gulag

00:19:44.540 archipelago

00:19:45.340 one

00:19:46.100 continuous

00:19:46.980 extended

00:19:47.800 scream 0.99

00:19:48.480 of

00:19:48.700 outrage

00:19:49.320 are

00:19:50.080 paradoxically

00:19:51.480 brilliant

00:19:52.400 bitter

00:19:53.440 disbelieving

00:19:54.900 and

00:19:55.860 infused

00:19:56.420 with

00:19:56.680 awe

00:19:57.120 awe

00:19:58.240 at the

00:19:58.620 strength

00:19:58.920 characterizing

00:19:59.780 the best

00:20:00.300 among us

00:20:00.920 in the

00:20:01.300 worst

00:20:01.620 of all

00:20:02.020 situations

00:20:02.740 in that

00:20:04.600 monumental

00:20:05.220 text

00:20:05.760 published

00:20:06.440 in

00:20:06.660 1973

00:20:07.660 alexander

00:20:08.940 solzhenitsyn

00:20:09.700 conducted

00:20:10.260 an experiment

00:20:11.400 in literary

00:20:12.160 investigation

00:20:13.120 a hybrid

00:20:14.360 of

00:20:14.940 journalism

00:20:15.500 history

00:20:16.280 and

00:20:16.580 biography

00:20:17.160 unlike

00:20:18.180 anything

00:20:18.600 ever

00:20:18.920 written

00:20:19.220 before

00:20:19.800 or

00:20:20.680 since

00:20:21.160 in

00:20:22.580 1985

00:20:23.160 the

00:20:23.800 author

00:20:24.080 bestowed

00:20:24.640 his

00:20:24.840 approval

00:20:25.240 upon

00:20:25.620 edward

00:20:26.140 erickson

00:20:27.040 jr's

00:20:27.740 single

00:20:28.080 volume

00:20:28.580 abridgment

00:20:29.240 republished

00:20:30.100 here on

00:20:30.640 the 50th

00:20:31.280 anniversary

00:20:31.780 of the

00:20:32.320 completion

00:20:32.740 of the

00:20:33.140 full

00:20:33.440 three

00:20:33.800 volume

00:20:34.200 edition

00:20:34.640 and

00:20:34.960 centenary

00:20:35.580 of the

00:20:35.980 author's

00:20:36.440 birth

00:20:36.780 and sold

00:20:38.460 some

00:20:38.680 30 million

00:20:39.540 copies

00:20:40.120 in

00:20:40.580 35

00:20:41.060 languages

00:20:41.740 between

00:20:44.700 the pages

00:20:45.300 of

00:20:45.540 solzhenitsyn's

00:20:46.320 book

00:20:46.700 apart

00:20:47.520 from the

00:20:48.300 documentation

00:20:48.920 of the

00:20:49.540 horrors

00:20:50.080 of the

00:20:50.420 legions

00:20:50.800 of the

00:20:51.140 dead

00:20:51.520 counted

00:20:52.180 and

00:20:52.400 uncounted

00:20:53.160 and the

00:20:53.740 masses

00:20:54.100 whose

00:20:54.420 lives

00:20:54.740 were

00:20:54.940 torn

00:20:55.260 asunder

00:20:55.820 are the

00:20:56.660 innumerable

00:20:57.620 soul-chilling

00:20:58.800 personal

00:20:59.360 stories

00:20:59.980 carefully

00:21:00.740 preserved

00:21:01.260 making

00:21:02.180 the tragedy

00:21:02.900 of mass

00:21:03.560 betrayal

00:21:04.140 torture

00:21:04.940 and death

00:21:05.720 not the

00:21:06.520 mere

00:21:06.760 statistic

00:21:07.680 Stalin 0.57

00:21:08.720 so

00:21:09.120 disdainfully

00:21:10.180 described

00:21:11.040 but

00:21:11.920 individual

00:21:12.620 real

00:21:13.660 and

00:21:14.240 terrible

00:21:14.740 it is

00:21:16.840 a matter

00:21:17.240 of pure

00:21:17.680 historical

00:21:18.220 fact

00:21:18.740 that the

00:21:19.320 gulag

00:21:19.700 archipelago

00:21:20.380 played a

00:21:20.900 primary

00:21:21.360 role

00:21:21.900 in bringing

00:21:22.900 the

00:21:23.200 soviet

00:21:23.620 empire

00:21:24.020 to its

00:21:24.520 knees

00:21:25.000 although

00:21:26.280 economically

00:21:27.220 unsustainable

00:21:28.380 ruled in 0.94

00:21:29.340 the most

00:21:29.700 corrupt

00:21:30.160 manner

00:21:30.560 imaginable

00:21:31.340 and reliant

00:21:32.240 on the

00:21:32.600 slavery

00:21:32.980 and enforced

00:21:33.720 deceit

00:21:34.240 of its

00:21:34.600 citizens

00:21:35.120 the soviet

00:21:36.020 system

00:21:36.500 managed to

00:21:37.280 stumble

00:21:37.600 forward

00:21:38.140 through far

00:21:38.960 too many

00:21:39.440 decades

00:21:40.080 before being

00:21:41.180 cut to

00:21:41.740 the quick

00:21:42.220 the courageous

00:21:44.000 leaders of the

00:21:44.760 labor unions

00:21:45.500 in poland

00:21:46.300 the great

00:21:47.020 pope john

00:21:47.840 paul ii

00:21:48.680 and the

00:21:49.200 american

00:21:49.540 president

00:21:50.060 ronald

00:21:50.620 reagan

00:21:50.980 with his

00:21:51.660 blunt

00:21:51.980 insistence

00:21:52.900 that the

00:21:53.460 west

00:21:53.720 faced an

00:21:54.340 evil

00:21:54.620 empire

00:21:55.100 all played

00:21:55.880 their role

00:21:56.360 in its

00:21:56.700 defeat

00:21:57.160 and collapse

00:21:57.940 it was

00:21:59.820 solzhenitsyn

00:22:00.660 however

00:22:01.080 whose

00:22:01.660 revelations

00:22:02.300 made it

00:22:02.840 positively

00:22:03.540 shameful

00:22:04.240 to defend

00:22:04.960 not just

00:22:05.540 the soviet

00:22:06.140 state

00:22:06.660 but the

00:22:07.320 very

00:22:07.520 system

00:22:08.040 of

00:22:08.240 thought

00:22:08.700 that

00:22:09.180 made

00:22:09.420 that

00:22:09.680 state

00:22:10.120 what

00:22:10.560 it

00:22:10.720 was

00:22:11.120 it

00:22:12.260 was

00:22:12.420 solzhenitsyn

00:22:13.040 who most

00:22:13.480 crucially

00:22:13.840 made the

00:22:14.280 case that

00:22:14.740 the terrible

00:22:15.200 excesses

00:22:15.900 of communism

00:22:16.600 could not

00:22:17.360 be conveniently

00:22:18.480 blamed on

00:22:19.360 the corruption

00:22:19.880 of the

00:22:20.300 soviet

00:22:20.700 leadership

00:22:21.180 the cult

00:22:22.100 of personality

00:22:22.900 surrounding

00:22:23.480 stalin

00:22:24.000 or the

00:22:24.660 failure to

00:22:25.160 put the

00:22:25.520 otherwise

00:22:25.900 stellar and

00:22:26.580 admirable

00:22:27.100 utopian

00:22:27.740 principles

00:22:28.340 of marxism

00:22:29.620 into proper

00:22:30.680 practice

00:22:31.300 it was

00:22:32.880 solzhenitsyn

00:22:33.520 who demonstrated

00:22:34.280 that the

00:22:34.720 death of

00:22:35.200 millions

00:22:35.660 and the

00:22:36.420 devastation

00:22:37.060 of many

00:22:37.480 more

00:22:37.860 were instead

00:22:38.920 a direct

00:22:40.160 causal

00:22:40.680 consequence

00:22:41.280 of the

00:22:41.840 philosophy

00:22:42.480 worse

00:22:43.680 perhaps

00:22:44.560 the theology

00:22:45.700 driving the

00:22:47.060 communist

00:22:47.480 system

00:22:48.160 the

00:22:49.080 hypothetically

00:22:49.840 egalitarian 0.83

00:22:50.840 universalist

00:22:52.060 doctrines of

00:22:52.760 Karl Marx

00:22:53.520 contained

00:22:54.420 hidden

00:22:54.840 within

00:22:55.240 them

00:22:55.500 sufficient

00:22:56.260 hatred

00:22:56.840 resentment

00:22:57.880 envy

00:22:58.780 and denial

00:22:59.920 of individual

00:23:00.840 culpability

00:23:01.660 and responsibility

00:23:02.540 to produce

00:23:03.580 nothing but

00:23:04.500 poison and

00:23:05.400 death

00:23:05.800 when manifested

00:23:06.900 in the world

00:23:07.700 for Marx

00:23:10.280 man was a 0.99

00:23:11.660 member of a

00:23:12.220 class

00:23:12.780 an economic

00:23:13.840 class

00:23:14.480 a group

00:23:15.340 that

00:23:16.840 and little

00:23:17.320 more

00:23:17.760 and history

00:23:18.860 nothing but

00:23:19.420 the battleground

00:23:20.160 of classes

00:23:20.880 and groups

00:23:22.120 his admirers

00:23:24.140 regarded

00:23:24.800 continue to

00:23:26.220 regard

00:23:26.800 Marx's

00:23:27.740 doctrine

00:23:28.240 as one of

00:23:29.020 compassion

00:23:29.660 moral by

00:23:30.660 definition

00:23:31.280 virtuous by

00:23:32.500 fiat

00:23:33.020 consider the

00:23:34.760 working classes

00:23:35.620 in all their

00:23:36.620 oppression

00:23:37.100 and work

00:23:38.020 forthrightly

00:23:38.900 to free

00:23:39.340 them

00:23:39.600 but hate

00:23:41.320 may well be

00:23:41.980 a stronger

00:23:42.500 and more

00:23:42.940 compelling

00:23:43.340 motivator

00:23:43.960 than love

00:23:44.620 in consequence

00:23:46.920 it took no

00:23:48.000 time in the

00:23:48.960 aftermath of

00:23:49.640 the Russian

00:23:50.060 revolution

00:23:50.660 for solidarity

00:23:51.680 with the

00:23:52.340 common man

00:23:53.080 and the

00:23:53.680 apparently

00:23:54.160 laudable demand

00:23:55.260 for universal

00:23:56.000 equality

00:23:56.640 to manifest

00:23:57.600 its unarticulated

00:23:59.040 and ever

00:23:59.880 darkening

00:24:00.440 shadow

00:24:00.960 first came

00:24:04.320 the most

00:24:04.720 brutal

00:24:05.200 indictment

00:24:06.020 of the

00:24:06.600 class

00:24:07.100 enemy

00:24:07.560 then came

00:24:08.980 the ever

00:24:09.380 expanding

00:24:09.920 definition

00:24:10.460 of that

00:24:10.940 enemy

00:24:11.240 until every

00:24:12.240 single

00:24:12.780 person

00:24:13.260 in the

00:24:13.700 entirety

00:24:14.120 of the

00:24:14.560 state

00:24:14.880 found him

00:24:15.680 or herself

00:24:16.240 at risk

00:24:16.760 of encapsulation

00:24:17.800 within that

00:24:18.620 insatiable

00:24:19.400 and devouring

00:24:20.180 net

00:24:20.620 the verdict

00:24:22.580 delivered to

00:24:23.580 those deemed

00:24:24.300 at fault

00:24:25.180 by those who

00:24:25.980 elevated themselves

00:24:27.020 to the

00:24:27.640 simultaneously

00:24:28.200 held positions

00:24:29.340 of judge

00:24:30.560 jury

00:24:31.280 and executioner

00:24:32.560 the necessity

00:24:34.840 to eradicate 0.66

00:24:35.880 the victimizers

00:24:36.820 the oppressors

00:24:37.880 in toto

00:24:38.800 without any

00:24:40.260 consideration

00:24:40.980 whatsoever

00:24:41.640 for reactionary

00:24:42.820 niceties

00:24:43.360 such as

00:24:44.160 individual

00:24:44.660 innocence

00:24:45.300 let us

00:24:46.700 note as well

00:24:47.500 this outcome

00:24:48.720 wasn't the

00:24:49.460 result of the

00:24:50.500 initially pristine

00:24:51.460 Marxist doctrine

00:24:52.460 becoming corrupt

00:24:53.300 over time

00:24:54.000 but something

00:24:54.700 apparent and

00:24:55.360 present at the

00:24:56.000 very beginning

00:24:56.580 of the Soviet

00:24:57.300 state itself

00:24:58.500 Solzhenitsyn

00:25:00.380 cites for

00:25:01.040 example one

00:25:01.860 Martin Latsis

00:25:03.220 writing for

00:25:04.600 the newspaper

00:25:05.340 Red Terror

00:25:06.760 November 1st

00:25:08.220 1918

00:25:08.880 we are not

00:25:11.340 fighting against

00:25:12.020 single individuals

00:25:13.020 we are

00:25:14.120 exterminating 1.00

00:25:14.980 the bourgeoisie 0.73

00:25:16.080 as a class

00:25:16.900 it is not

00:25:19.000 necessary during

00:25:19.900 the interrogation

00:25:20.780 to look for

00:25:21.560 evidence proving

00:25:22.420 that the accused

00:25:23.680 opposed the

00:25:24.460 Soviets by

00:25:25.140 word or action

00:25:26.180 the first question

00:25:27.840 you should ask

00:25:28.500 him is

00:25:28.800 what class

00:25:29.660 does he belong

00:25:30.340 to

00:25:30.580 what is his

00:25:31.760 origin

00:25:32.300 his education

00:25:33.420 and his

00:25:34.300 profession

00:25:34.780 these are the

00:25:36.000 questions that

00:25:36.620 will determine

00:25:37.280 the fate of

00:25:38.120 the accused

00:25:38.860 such is the

00:25:41.040 sense and

00:25:41.840 essence of

00:25:42.940 red terror

00:25:43.680 it is necessary

00:25:46.860 to think when

00:25:47.860 you read such

00:25:48.520 a thing

00:25:48.940 to meditate

00:25:49.940 long and hard

00:25:50.900 on the message

00:25:51.560 it is necessary

00:25:52.500 to recognize

00:25:53.260 for example

00:25:53.880 that the writer

00:25:54.680 believed that

00:25:55.260 it would be

00:25:55.600 better to 0.99

00:25:56.040 execute 0.97

00:25:56.700 10,000

00:25:57.680 potentially

00:25:58.440 innocent

00:25:58.980 individuals

00:25:59.720 than to

00:26:00.460 allow one

00:26:01.140 poisonous

00:26:01.700 member of 0.64

00:26:02.380 the oppressor

00:26:03.040 class to

00:26:03.920 remain free

00:26:04.740 it is equally

00:26:07.360 necessary to

00:26:08.760 pose the

00:26:09.360 question

00:26:09.840 who precisely

00:26:12.180 belonged to

00:26:13.320 that hypothetical

00:26:14.180 entity

00:26:14.820 the bourgeoisie

00:26:16.280 it is not as if

00:26:18.100 the boundaries of

00:26:18.860 such a category

00:26:19.560 are self-evident

00:26:20.540 there for the

00:26:21.520 mere perceiving

00:26:22.340 they must be

00:26:23.140 drawn

00:26:23.600 but where

00:26:25.420 exactly

00:26:26.500 and more

00:26:28.400 importantly

00:26:28.980 by whom

00:26:29.920 or by what

00:26:30.980 if it's hate

00:26:32.580 inscribing the

00:26:33.600 lines

00:26:34.020 instead of

00:26:34.900 love

00:26:35.280 they will

00:26:36.040 inevitably be

00:26:37.080 drawn so

00:26:37.760 that the

00:26:38.140 lowest

00:26:38.700 meanest

00:26:39.580 most cruel 1.00

00:26:40.620 and useless 0.98

00:26:41.580 of the

00:26:42.080 conceptual

00:26:42.580 geographers

00:26:43.400 will be

00:26:43.940 justified

00:26:44.440 in manifesting

00:26:45.520 the greatest

00:26:46.140 possible evil

00:26:47.220 and producing

00:26:48.240 the greatest

00:26:49.160 possible misery

00:26:50.420 members of

00:26:53.540 the bourgeoisie

00:26:54.420 beyond all

00:26:55.780 redemption

00:26:56.260 they had to

00:26:57.200 go as a 0.71

00:26:57.760 matter of

00:26:58.220 course

00:26:58.640 what of

00:27:00.320 their wives 0.94

00:27:00.900 children

00:27:02.280 even

00:27:04.200 their

00:27:04.920 grandchildren

00:27:05.520 off with

00:27:07.040 their heads

00:27:07.680 too

00:27:08.060 all were

00:27:10.080 incorrigibly

00:27:10.920 corrupted by

00:27:11.660 their class

00:27:12.200 identity

00:27:12.680 and their

00:27:13.520 destruction

00:27:13.980 therefore

00:27:14.440 ethically

00:27:15.100 necessitated

00:27:15.980 how convenient

00:27:18.260 that the

00:27:18.880 darkest and

00:27:19.560 direst of

00:27:20.160 all possible

00:27:20.840 motivations

00:27:21.500 could be

00:27:21.980 granted the

00:27:22.540 highest of

00:27:23.220 moral standings

00:27:24.160 that was a

00:27:25.140 true marriage

00:27:25.800 of hell

00:27:26.300 and of

00:27:27.020 heaven

00:27:27.340 what values

00:27:29.680 what philosophical

00:27:31.080 presumptions

00:27:31.840 truly dominated

00:27:32.940 under such

00:27:33.800 circumstances

00:27:34.580 was it

00:27:35.980 desire for

00:27:36.620 brotherhood

00:27:37.280 dignity

00:27:37.840 and freedom

00:27:38.820 from want

00:27:39.520 not in the

00:27:41.420 least

00:27:41.860 not given

00:27:43.960 the outcome

00:27:44.540 it was instead

00:27:45.840 and obviously

00:27:47.060 the murderous

00:27:48.500 rage of

00:27:49.420 hundreds of

00:27:50.020 thousands of

00:27:50.700 biblical

00:27:51.240 canes

00:27:52.080 each looking

00:27:52.980 to torture

00:27:53.640 destroy 0.99

00:27:54.500 and sacrifice

00:27:55.640 their own

00:27:56.540 private

00:27:57.020 ables

00:27:57.560 there is

00:27:59.080 simply no

00:27:59.580 other manner

00:28:00.260 of accounting

00:28:01.220 for the

00:28:01.860 corpses

00:28:02.280 what can

00:28:04.520 be concluded

00:28:05.160 in the

00:28:05.560 deepest

00:28:05.920 most

00:28:06.320 permanent

00:28:06.800 sense

00:28:07.280 from

00:28:07.800 Solzhenitsyn's

00:28:08.780 anguished

00:28:09.500 gulag

00:28:10.160 narrative

00:28:10.720 first

00:28:12.240 we learn

00:28:13.460 what is

00:28:13.760 indisputable

00:28:14.540 what we

00:28:15.860 all should

00:28:16.480 have learned

00:28:16.940 by now

00:28:17.580 what we

00:28:18.380 have

00:28:18.540 nonetheless

00:28:18.860 failed to

00:28:19.720 learn

00:28:20.020 that the

00:28:21.400 left

00:28:21.800 like the

00:28:22.440 right

00:28:22.820 can go

00:28:24.260 too far

00:28:25.100 that the

00:28:25.800 left has

00:28:26.480 in the

00:28:26.760 past

00:28:27.100 gone much

00:28:27.760 too far

00:28:28.480 second

00:28:30.300 we learn

00:28:31.080 what is

00:28:31.420 far more

00:28:31.960 subtle

00:28:32.380 and difficult

00:28:33.000 how and

00:28:34.080 why that

00:28:34.700 going too

00:28:35.200 far

00:28:35.480 occurs

00:28:36.100 we learn

00:28:37.620 as

00:28:37.980 Solzhenitsyn so

00:28:39.020 profoundly

00:28:39.760 insists

00:28:40.480 that the

00:28:41.420 line dividing

00:28:42.300 good and evil

00:28:43.000 cuts through

00:28:43.580 the heart

00:28:43.980 of every

00:28:44.380 human being

00:28:45.120 and we

00:28:45.960 learn as

00:28:46.400 well that

00:28:46.800 we all

00:28:47.440 are

00:28:47.860 each of

00:28:48.540 us

00:28:48.820 simultaneously

00:28:50.260 oppressor

00:28:51.340 and oppressed

00:28:52.500 thus we

00:28:54.360 come to

00:28:54.700 realize that

00:28:55.220 the twin

00:28:55.600 categories of

00:28:56.420 guilty

00:28:56.940 oppressor

00:28:57.620 and justice

00:28:58.480 seeking

00:28:59.020 victim

00:28:59.540 can be

00:29:00.260 made

00:29:00.520 endlessly

00:29:01.000 inclusive

00:29:01.680 this is

00:29:03.620 not least

00:29:04.260 because we

00:29:04.760 all benefit

00:29:05.680 unfairly

00:29:06.620 and are

00:29:07.240 all equally

00:29:08.020 victimized

00:29:08.840 by our

00:29:09.560 thrownness

00:29:10.420 our arbitrary

00:29:11.920 placement in

00:29:12.760 the flow

00:29:13.180 of time

00:29:13.800 we all

00:29:15.280 accrue

00:29:15.680 undeserved

00:29:16.440 and somewhat

00:29:17.000 random

00:29:17.500 privilege

00:29:17.940 from the

00:29:18.840 vagaries of

00:29:19.460 our place

00:29:19.980 of birth

00:29:20.500 our inequitably

00:29:21.660 distributed

00:29:22.220 talents

00:29:22.760 our ethnicity

00:29:23.780 race

00:29:24.680 culture

00:29:25.440 and sex

00:29:26.200 we all

00:29:27.360 belong to

00:29:27.880 a group

00:29:28.380 some group

00:29:29.440 that has been

00:29:30.380 elevated in

00:29:31.080 comparative

00:29:31.500 status through

00:29:32.360 no effort

00:29:32.880 of our own

00:29:33.580 this is true

00:29:34.960 in some

00:29:35.420 manner

00:29:35.740 along some

00:29:36.680 dimension of

00:29:37.480 group category

00:29:38.400 for every

00:29:39.300 solitary

00:29:39.820 individual

00:29:40.640 except

00:29:41.840 for the

00:29:42.720 single

00:29:43.100 most lowly

00:29:44.040 of all

00:29:44.560 at some

00:29:46.100 time and

00:29:46.580 in some

00:29:46.940 manner we

00:29:47.420 may all

00:29:48.000 in consequence

00:29:48.700 be justly

00:29:49.740 targeted

00:29:50.240 as oppressors

00:29:51.340 and may

00:29:52.300 all equally

00:29:53.080 seek justice

00:29:54.040 or revenge

00:29:55.060 as victims

00:29:56.320 even if the

00:29:58.960 initiators of

00:29:59.800 the revolution

00:30:00.460 had therefore

00:30:01.520 in their most

00:30:02.120 pure moments

00:30:02.840 been driven

00:30:03.800 by a holy

00:30:04.700 desire to

00:30:05.600 lift up

00:30:06.200 the downtrodden

00:30:07.320 was it not

00:30:09.000 guaranteed that

00:30:09.760 they would be

00:30:10.200 overtaken

00:30:10.920 by those

00:30:11.600 motivated primarily

00:30:12.760 by envy

00:30:13.680 hate

00:30:14.360 and the desire

00:30:15.300 to destroy

00:30:16.120 as the

00:30:17.060 revolution

00:30:17.520 progressed

00:30:18.240 hence the

00:30:20.440 establishment

00:30:20.980 of the

00:30:21.380 hungrily

00:30:21.780 growing

00:30:22.140 and most

00:30:22.820 often fatal

00:30:23.760 list of

00:30:24.400 class enemies

00:30:25.180 right from

00:30:25.900 the very

00:30:26.240 first moments

00:30:27.020 of the

00:30:27.340 communist

00:30:27.700 revolution

00:30:28.380 the demolition

00:30:30.180 was aimed

00:30:30.680 first at the

00:30:31.500 students

00:30:32.060 the religious

00:30:32.760 believers

00:30:33.260 and the

00:30:33.960 socialists

00:30:34.720 continuing

00:30:35.740 under

00:30:36.200 Stalin 0.57

00:30:36.620 with the

00:30:37.300 old

00:30:37.620 revolutionaries

00:30:38.520 themselves

00:30:39.020 and was

00:30:39.800 followed

00:30:40.120 soon thereafter

00:30:41.040 by the

00:30:41.560 annihilation

00:30:42.340 of the

00:30:42.860 successful

00:30:43.420 peasant

00:30:43.920 farmer

00:30:44.460 kulaks 1.00

00:30:45.240 and this

00:30:48.200 appetite for

00:30:48.860 destruction

00:30:49.300 wasn't of

00:30:49.940 the type

00:30:50.360 to be

00:30:50.700 satiated

00:30:51.280 with the

00:30:51.740 bodies

00:30:52.120 of the

00:30:52.560 perpetrators

00:30:53.180 themselves

00:30:53.980 as Solzhenitsyn

00:30:56.220 writes

00:30:56.700 they burned

00:30:58.460 out whole

00:30:58.960 nests

00:30:59.500 whole families

00:31:00.880 from the

00:31:01.340 start

00:31:01.740 and they

00:31:02.800 watched

00:31:03.160 jealously

00:31:03.840 to be sure

00:31:04.440 that none

00:31:04.900 of the

00:31:05.240 children

00:31:05.680 14

00:31:06.720 10

00:31:07.780 even 6

00:31:08.860 years old

00:31:09.520 got away

00:31:10.400 to the

00:31:11.440 last

00:31:11.760 scrapings

00:31:12.840 all had

00:31:13.960 to go

00:31:14.260 down the

00:31:14.820 same road

00:31:15.600 to the

00:31:16.220 same

00:31:16.520 common

00:31:17.060 destruction

00:31:17.740 this was

00:31:19.800 driven

00:31:20.160 by the

00:31:20.940 perceived

00:31:21.600 even

00:31:22.400 self-perceived

00:31:23.420 guilt

00:31:23.800 of all

00:31:24.360 how else

00:31:25.880 was it

00:31:26.200 possible

00:31:26.600 for the

00:31:26.960 hundreds

00:31:27.220 of thousands

00:31:27.980 or perhaps

00:31:29.020 even millions

00:31:29.800 of informants

00:31:30.900 prosecutors

00:31:31.880 betrayers 0.84

00:31:33.280 and unforgivably

00:31:34.860 mute observers

00:31:35.840 to bring

00:31:36.720 and unforgivably

00:31:39.420 mute observers

00:31:40.380 to spring

00:31:41.400 so rapidly

00:31:42.220 into being

00:31:43.020 in the

00:31:43.620 tumult

00:31:44.180 of the

00:31:45.000 red

00:31:45.280 terror

00:31:45.800 thus

00:31:49.020 the doctrine

00:31:50.040 of group

00:31:50.580 identity

00:31:51.320 inevitably

00:31:52.400 ends with

00:31:53.060 everyone

00:31:53.480 identified

00:31:54.060 as a

00:31:54.520 class

00:31:54.860 enemy

00:31:55.240 an

00:31:55.620 oppressor

00:31:56.280 with

00:31:56.800 everyone

00:31:57.280 uncleansably

00:31:58.200 contaminated

00:31:58.860 by bourgeois

00:31:59.820 privilege

00:32:00.640 unfairly

00:32:01.500 enjoying

00:32:01.900 the benefits

00:32:02.600 bequeathed

00:32:03.240 by the

00:32:03.540 vagaries

00:32:03.920 of history

00:32:04.620 with

00:32:05.760 everyone

00:32:06.160 prosecuted

00:32:07.060 without

00:32:07.600 respite

00:32:08.280 for that

00:32:09.020 corruption

00:32:09.580 and injustice

00:32:10.560 no mercy

00:32:12.500 for the

00:32:12.980 oppressor

00:32:13.660 and no

00:32:15.240 punishment

00:32:15.800 too severe

00:32:16.660 for the

00:32:17.100 crime of

00:32:17.600 exploitation

00:32:18.380 expiation

00:32:19.800 becomes

00:32:20.260 impossible

00:32:20.900 because there

00:32:22.080 is no

00:32:22.420 individual

00:32:22.900 guilt

00:32:23.420 no individual

00:32:24.340 responsibility

00:32:25.080 and therefore

00:32:26.460 no manner

00:32:27.160 in which the

00:32:27.760 crime of

00:32:28.520 arbitrary birth

00:32:29.620 can be

00:32:30.300 individually

00:32:30.880 accounted

00:32:31.440 for

00:32:31.860 and all

00:32:33.320 the misery

00:32:33.980 that can be

00:32:34.580 generated

00:32:35.100 as a

00:32:35.500 consequence

00:32:35.920 of such

00:32:36.440 an

00:32:36.580 accusation

00:32:37.300 is the

00:32:38.640 true reason

00:32:39.380 for the

00:32:40.260 accusation

00:32:41.100 when everyone

00:32:43.580 is guilty

00:32:44.260 all that

00:32:45.480 serves justice

00:32:46.340 is the

00:32:47.000 punishment

00:32:47.400 of everyone

00:32:48.140 when the

00:32:49.580 guilt

00:32:49.800 extends to

00:32:50.480 the existence

00:32:51.100 of the

00:32:51.540 world's

00:32:51.980 misery

00:32:52.360 itself

00:32:53.040 only the

00:32:54.500 fatal

00:32:54.980 punishment 0.99

00:32:55.580 will suffice

00:32:56.980 it is much

00:33:00.480 more preferable

00:33:01.660 instead

00:33:02.260 and much

00:33:03.320 more likely

00:33:03.840 to preserve

00:33:04.500 us all

00:33:05.280 from metastasizing

00:33:06.760 hells

00:33:07.540 to state

00:33:08.600 forthrightly

00:33:09.580 I am indeed

00:33:11.900 thrown arbitrarily

00:33:13.160 into history

00:33:13.940 I therefore

00:33:15.820 choose to

00:33:16.480 voluntarily

00:33:17.140 shoulder the

00:33:17.980 responsibility

00:33:18.720 of my

00:33:19.380 advantages

00:33:19.900 and the

00:33:20.780 burden

00:33:21.160 of my

00:33:21.720 disadvantages

00:33:22.460 like every

00:33:23.940 other individual

00:33:24.720 I am morally

00:33:25.860 bound to pay

00:33:26.800 for my

00:33:27.600 advantages

00:33:28.220 with my

00:33:29.220 responsibility

00:33:29.900 I am morally

00:33:31.860 bound to

00:33:32.360 accept my

00:33:32.920 disadvantages

00:33:33.580 as the

00:33:34.200 price I

00:33:34.780 pay for

00:33:35.340 being

00:33:35.780 I will

00:33:38.020 therefore

00:33:38.520 strive not

00:33:39.600 to descend

00:33:40.180 into bitterness

00:33:40.820 and then

00:33:41.620 seek vengeance

00:33:42.480 because I

00:33:43.480 have less

00:33:43.920 to my

00:33:44.340 credit and

00:33:44.920 a greater

00:33:45.340 burden to

00:33:46.020 stumble forward

00:33:46.860 with than

00:33:48.000 others

00:33:48.440 is this

00:33:51.800 not a

00:33:52.480 or even

00:33:53.340 the essential

00:33:54.300 point of

00:33:54.820 difference between

00:33:55.540 the West

00:33:56.120 for all

00:33:56.780 its faults

00:33:57.440 and the

00:33:58.160 brutal

00:33:58.580 terrible

00:33:59.220 egalitarian

00:34:00.000 systems

00:34:00.620 generated

00:34:01.300 by the

00:34:02.020 pathological 0.97

00:34:02.760 communist

00:34:03.320 doctrine

00:34:03.880 the great

00:34:05.920 and good

00:34:06.400 framers of

00:34:07.140 the American

00:34:07.720 Republic were

00:34:08.700 for example

00:34:09.420 anything but

00:34:10.460 utopian

00:34:11.140 they took

00:34:12.380 full stock

00:34:13.180 and full

00:34:13.580 measure of

00:34:14.320 ineradicable

00:34:15.180 human

00:34:15.660 imperfection

00:34:16.640 they held

00:34:17.780 modest goals

00:34:19.060 derived not

00:34:20.320 least from the

00:34:21.020 profoundly

00:34:21.480 cautious

00:34:22.060 common law

00:34:22.780 tradition of

00:34:23.500 England

00:34:23.900 they endeavored

00:34:25.800 to establish

00:34:26.500 a system

00:34:27.140 the corrupt 1.00

00:34:27.940 and ignorant 1.00

00:34:28.500 fools we 1.00

00:34:29.320 all are 1.00

00:34:30.080 could not

00:34:30.740 damage too

00:34:31.780 fatally

00:34:32.400 that's

00:34:33.940 humility

00:34:34.520 that's

00:34:35.920 clear-headed

00:34:36.560 knowledge of

00:34:37.240 the limitations

00:34:37.900 of human

00:34:38.600 machination

00:34:39.440 and good

00:34:40.300 intention

00:34:40.880 but the

00:34:43.680 communists

00:34:44.380 the revolutionaries

00:34:46.200 they aimed

00:34:48.240 grandly and

00:34:49.480 admirably

00:34:50.160 at least in

00:34:51.220 theory

00:34:51.740 had a much

00:34:52.780 more heavenly

00:34:53.520 vision

00:34:54.060 and they

00:34:55.140 began their

00:34:55.620 pursuit with

00:34:56.320 the hypothetically

00:34:57.220 straightforward

00:34:57.940 and oh so

00:34:59.460 morally

00:35:00.180 justifiable

00:35:01.220 enforcement of

00:35:02.640 economic equality

00:35:03.880 wealth however

00:35:06.060 was not so

00:35:07.100 easily generated

00:35:08.180 the poor

00:35:09.360 could not

00:35:09.860 simply become

00:35:10.660 rich

00:35:11.120 but the

00:35:12.500 riches of

00:35:12.960 those who

00:35:13.340 had anything

00:35:13.800 more than

00:35:14.360 the greatest

00:35:14.960 pauper

00:35:15.500 no matter

00:35:16.600 how pitiful

00:35:17.420 that more

00:35:18.120 was

00:35:18.580 that could 0.68

00:35:20.020 be redistributed

00:35:21.140 or at least

00:35:22.560 destroyed

00:35:23.340 that's equality

00:35:25.900 too

00:35:26.400 that's sacrifice

00:35:28.240 in the name

00:35:29.140 of heaven

00:35:29.580 on earth

00:35:30.180 and redistribution

00:35:32.100 was not enough

00:35:33.120 with all its

00:35:33.960 theft

00:35:34.500 betrayal

00:35:35.220 and death

00:35:36.100 mere economic

00:35:38.280 engineering

00:35:38.840 was insufficient

00:35:39.780 what emerged

00:35:41.680 as well

00:35:42.320 was the

00:35:43.020 overarching

00:35:43.620 and truly

00:35:44.320 totalitarian

00:35:45.180 desire

00:35:45.800 to remake

00:35:46.880 man and

00:35:47.500 woman 0.99

00:35:47.820 as such

00:35:48.820 the longing

00:35:50.320 to restructure

00:35:51.300 the human

00:35:51.840 spirit

00:35:52.320 in the

00:35:52.840 very image

00:35:53.440 of the

00:35:53.780 communist

00:35:54.180 preconceptions

00:35:55.200 attributing

00:35:56.820 to themselves

00:35:57.660 this divine

00:35:58.840 ability

00:35:59.380 this transcendent

00:36:00.680 wisdom

00:36:01.060 and with

00:36:02.500 unshakable

00:36:03.340 belief in

00:36:03.940 the glowing

00:36:04.540 but ever

00:36:05.160 receding

00:36:05.660 future

00:36:06.200 the newly

00:36:06.960 minted

00:36:07.500 soviets

00:36:08.120 tortured

00:36:08.860 thieved

00:36:09.800 imprisoned

00:36:10.720 lied

00:36:11.580 and betrayed

00:36:12.380 all the while

00:36:13.700 masking their

00:36:14.440 great evil

00:36:15.140 with virtue

00:36:15.860 it was

00:36:17.140 solzhenitsyn

00:36:17.940 and the

00:36:18.260 gulag

00:36:18.580 archipelago

00:36:19.260 that tore

00:36:19.840 off the

00:36:20.340 mask

00:36:20.800 and exposed

00:36:22.080 the feral

00:36:22.720 cowardice

00:36:23.480 envy

00:36:24.180 deceit

00:36:25.240 resentment

00:36:26.140 and hatred

00:36:27.300 for the

00:36:27.760 individual

00:36:28.220 and for

00:36:28.660 existence

00:36:29.160 itself

00:36:29.920 that pulsed

00:36:31.660 beneath

00:36:32.120 others had

00:36:35.000 made the

00:36:35.420 attempt

00:36:35.880 Malcolm

00:36:36.700 Muggeridge

00:36:37.300 reported on

00:36:38.040 the horrors

00:36:38.820 of

00:36:39.060 de-kulakization 0.99

00:36:40.280 the forced

00:36:41.180 collectivization

00:36:42.040 of the all

00:36:42.740 too recently

00:36:43.600 successful

00:36:44.320 peasantry

00:36:44.980 of the

00:36:45.280 Ukraine

00:36:45.680 and elsewhere

00:36:46.300 that preceded

00:36:47.320 the horrifying

00:36:48.040 famines

00:36:48.720 of the

00:36:49.080 1930s

00:36:50.100 in the

00:36:51.300 same decade

00:36:52.160 and in

00:36:52.780 the following

00:36:53.240 years

00:36:53.800 George Orwell

00:36:54.760 risked his

00:36:55.320 ideological

00:36:55.860 commitments

00:36:56.500 and his

00:36:57.060 reputation

00:36:57.480 to tell us

00:36:58.520 all what was

00:36:59.120 truly occurring

00:37:00.060 in the

00:37:00.380 Soviet Union

00:37:01.140 in the name

00:37:01.860 of egalitarianism

00:37:03.180 and brotherhood

00:37:04.200 but it was

00:37:06.160 solzhenitsyn

00:37:06.880 who truly

00:37:07.420 shamed the

00:37:08.140 radical leftists

00:37:09.240 forcing them

00:37:10.160 underground

00:37:10.820 where they

00:37:11.480 have festered

00:37:12.200 and plotted

00:37:12.840 for the last

00:37:13.580 40 years

00:37:14.360 failing

00:37:15.040 unforgivably

00:37:16.040 to have

00:37:16.660 learned what

00:37:17.140 all reasonable

00:37:17.900 people should

00:37:18.580 have learned

00:37:19.040 from the

00:37:19.640 cataclysm of

00:37:20.500 the 20th

00:37:21.120 century

00:37:21.500 and its

00:37:22.140 egalitarian

00:37:23.000 utopianism

00:37:24.040 and today

00:37:26.100 despite everything

00:37:27.540 and under

00:37:28.500 their sway

00:37:29.340 almost three

00:37:30.360 decades since

00:37:31.100 the fall of

00:37:31.800 the Berlin Wall

00:37:32.620 and the apparent

00:37:33.340 collapse of

00:37:34.020 communism

00:37:34.540 we are doing

00:37:35.480 everything we

00:37:36.200 can to forget

00:37:37.000 what solzhenitsyn

00:37:38.040 so clearly

00:37:38.620 demonstrated

00:37:39.340 to our great

00:37:40.540 and richly

00:37:41.560 deserved

00:37:42.160 peril

00:37:42.800 why don't

00:37:44.680 all our

00:37:45.180 children

00:37:45.580 read the

00:37:46.240 gulag

00:37:46.640 archipelago

00:37:47.320 in our

00:37:47.700 high schools

00:37:48.400 as they

00:37:49.020 now do

00:37:49.560 in Russia

00:37:50.140 why don't

00:37:51.660 our teachers

00:37:52.360 feel compelled

00:37:53.360 to read

00:37:54.220 the book

00:37:54.620 aloud

00:37:55.140 did we

00:37:56.900 not win

00:37:57.480 the cold

00:37:58.020 war

00:37:58.380 were the

00:37:59.500 bodies

00:37:59.940 not piled

00:38:00.860 high enough

00:38:01.540 how high

00:38:03.560 then

00:38:03.960 would be

00:38:04.900 enough

00:38:05.380 why

00:38:08.760 for example

00:38:09.520 is it

00:38:10.260 still

00:38:10.580 acceptable

00:38:11.240 and in

00:38:12.020 polite

00:38:12.420 company

00:38:12.940 to profess

00:38:13.860 the

00:38:14.100 philosophy

00:38:14.560 of a

00:38:14.980 communist

00:38:15.440 or if

00:38:16.060 not that

00:38:16.620 to at

00:38:17.120 least

00:38:17.320 admire

00:38:17.860 the work

00:38:18.420 of

00:38:18.620 Marx

00:38:19.040 why is

00:38:19.860 it still

00:38:20.220 acceptable

00:38:20.680 to regard

00:38:21.360 the Marxist

00:38:22.020 doctrine

00:38:22.440 as essentially

00:38:23.300 accurate

00:38:23.880 in its

00:38:24.280 diagnosis

00:38:24.860 of the

00:38:25.280 hypothetical

00:38:25.740 evils

00:38:26.300 of the

00:38:26.640 free

00:38:26.880 market

00:38:27.340 democratic

00:38:28.220 west

00:38:28.700 to still

00:38:29.840 consider

00:38:30.420 that

00:38:30.800 doctrine

00:38:31.260 progressive

00:38:31.900 and fit

00:38:32.740 for the

00:38:33.100 compassionate

00:38:33.660 and proper

00:38:34.320 thinking

00:38:34.840 person

00:38:35.520 25

00:38:37.840 million

00:38:38.560 dead

00:38:39.100 through

00:38:39.620 internal

00:38:40.120 repression

00:38:40.680 in the

00:38:41.120 Soviet

00:38:41.460 Union

00:38:41.960 according

00:38:42.860 to the 0.89

00:38:43.280 black

00:38:43.580 book

00:38:43.880 of

00:38:44.080 communism

00:38:44.640 60

00:38:45.460 million

00:38:45.900 dead

00:38:46.220 in

00:38:46.400 Mao's

00:38:46.800 China

00:38:47.140 and an

00:38:47.660 all too

00:38:48.040 likely

00:38:48.400 return

00:38:48.880 to

00:38:49.080 autocratic

00:38:49.640 oppression

00:38:50.140 in that

00:38:50.540 country

00:38:50.920 in the

00:38:51.420 near

00:38:51.620 future

00:38:52.160 the

00:38:53.180 horrors

00:38:53.880 of

00:38:54.180 Cambodia's

00:38:54.940 killing

00:38:55.280 fields 0.69

00:38:55.800 with their

00:38:56.520 2 million

00:38:57.220 corpses

00:38:57.800 the

00:38:58.960 barely

00:38:59.380 animate

00:38:59.960 body

00:39:00.380 politic

00:39:00.900 of

00:39:01.140 Cuba

00:39:01.600 where

00:39:02.140 people

00:39:02.600 struggle

00:39:03.080 even

00:39:03.420 now

00:39:03.840 to

00:39:04.120 feed

00:39:04.400 themselves

00:39:05.080 Venezuela

00:39:06.980 where

00:39:08.420 it has

00:39:08.620 now

00:39:08.820 been

00:39:09.020 made

00:39:09.300 illegal

00:39:09.780 to

00:39:10.280 attribute

00:39:10.720 a

00:39:11.000 child's

00:39:11.480 death

00:39:11.800 in

00:39:12.020 hospital

00:39:12.580 to

00:39:13.120 starvation

00:39:13.800 no

00:39:16.560 political

00:39:17.160 experiment

00:39:17.780 has ever

00:39:18.220 been

00:39:18.420 tried

00:39:18.740 so

00:39:19.140 widely

00:39:19.680 with

00:39:20.220 so

00:39:20.400 many

00:39:20.580 disparate

00:39:21.180 people

00:39:21.540 in

00:39:21.880 so

00:39:22.060 many

00:39:22.260 different

00:39:22.780 countries

00:39:23.440 with

00:39:24.160 such

00:39:24.380 different

00:39:24.840 histories

00:39:25.360 and

00:39:25.800 failed

00:39:26.480 so

00:39:27.360 absolutely

00:39:28.100 and

00:39:28.480 catastrophically

00:39:29.480 is it

00:39:31.420 mere

00:39:31.720 ignorance

00:39:32.380 albeit

00:39:33.340 of the

00:39:33.900 most

00:39:34.180 inexcusable

00:39:35.060 kind

00:39:35.600 that allows

00:39:36.980 today's

00:39:37.500 Marxists

00:39:38.000 to flaunt

00:39:38.700 their

00:39:39.040 continued

00:39:39.600 allegiance

00:39:40.140 to present

00:39:41.160 it as

00:39:41.500 compassion

00:39:42.040 and care

00:39:42.620 or

00:39:44.300 is it

00:39:45.500 instead

00:39:46.060 envy

00:39:46.720 of the

00:39:47.240 successful

00:39:47.920 in

00:39:48.480 near

00:39:48.780 infinite

00:39:49.460 proportions

00:39:50.160 or

00:39:51.320 something

00:39:52.000 akin

00:39:52.400 to

00:39:52.640 hatred

00:39:52.980 for

00:39:53.300 mankind

00:39:53.660 itself

00:39:54.420 how

00:39:56.420 much

00:39:56.620 proof

00:39:56.960 do we

00:39:57.300 need

00:39:57.720 why

00:39:58.800 do we

00:39:59.100 still

00:39:59.420 avert

00:39:59.880 our

00:40:00.160 eyes

00:40:00.640 from

00:40:01.060 the

00:40:01.260 truth

00:40:01.680 perhaps

00:40:04.900 we

00:40:05.220 simply

00:40:05.560 lack

00:40:05.880 sophistication

00:40:06.840 perhaps

00:40:08.080 we

00:40:08.460 just

00:40:08.740 can't

00:40:09.180 understand

00:40:09.860 perhaps

00:40:11.080 our

00:40:11.420 tendency

00:40:11.780 toward

00:40:12.200 compassion

00:40:12.740 is so

00:40:13.240 powerfully

00:40:13.800 necessary

00:40:14.380 in the

00:40:14.840 intimacy

00:40:15.180 of our

00:40:15.700 families

00:40:16.120 and

00:40:16.360 friendships

00:40:16.700 that we

00:40:17.380 cannot

00:40:17.720 contemplate

00:40:18.460 its

00:40:18.640 limitations

00:40:19.320 its

00:40:19.980 inability

00:40:20.420 to

00:40:20.860 scale

00:40:21.300 and its

00:40:22.280 propensity

00:40:22.920 to

00:40:23.240 mutate

00:40:23.780 into

00:40:24.040 hatred

00:40:24.480 of the

00:40:24.980 oppressor

00:40:25.620 rather

00:40:26.220 than

00:40:26.560 allegiance

00:40:27.000 with the

00:40:27.540 oppressed

00:40:28.060 perhaps

00:40:30.080 we cannot

00:40:30.660 comprehend

00:40:31.220 the

00:40:31.480 limitations

00:40:31.980 and dangers

00:40:32.680 of the

00:40:33.080 utopian

00:40:33.580 vision

00:40:34.060 given

00:40:34.680 our

00:40:34.940 definite

00:40:35.380 need

00:40:35.980 to

00:40:36.440 contemplate

00:40:37.060 and to

00:40:37.560 strive

00:40:38.020 for a

00:40:38.640 better

00:40:38.860 tomorrow

00:40:39.400 we

00:40:41.160 certainly

00:40:41.540 don't

00:40:41.860 seem

00:40:42.040 to

00:40:42.220 imagine

00:40:42.680 for

00:40:42.920 example

00:40:43.360 that

00:40:43.820 the

00:40:43.980 hypothesis

00:40:44.520 of

00:40:44.900 some

00:40:45.200 state

00:40:45.720 of

00:40:45.920 future

00:40:46.260 perfection

00:40:46.860 for

00:40:47.600 example

00:40:48.040 the

00:40:48.520 truly

00:40:48.800 egalitarian

00:40:49.600 and

00:40:49.860 permanent

00:40:50.240 brotherhood

00:40:50.840 of

00:40:51.020 man

00:40:51.340 can be

00:40:52.080 used

00:40:52.300 to

00:40:52.500 justify

00:40:52.960 any

00:40:53.460 and

00:40:53.740 all

00:40:54.020 sacrifices

00:40:54.860 whatsoever

00:40:55.980 the

00:40:57.020 pristine

00:40:57.520 and

00:40:57.740 heavenly

00:40:58.080 end

00:40:58.420 making

00:40:58.760 all

00:40:59.040 conceivable

00:40:59.640 means

00:41:00.080 not only

00:41:00.800 acceptable

00:41:01.480 but

00:41:02.140 morally

00:41:02.580 required

00:41:03.260 there is

00:41:05.040 simply

00:41:05.320 no price

00:41:05.880 too great

00:41:06.360 to pay

00:41:06.780 in pursuit

00:41:07.360 of the

00:41:07.760 ultimate

00:41:08.120 utopia

00:41:08.740 and this

00:41:09.580 is

00:41:09.740 particularly

00:41:10.200 true

00:41:10.620 if it

00:41:11.080 is

00:41:11.240 someone

00:41:11.520 else

00:41:11.900 who

00:41:12.220 foots

00:41:12.600 the

00:41:12.820 bill

00:41:13.120 and

00:41:15.200 it

00:41:15.340 is

00:41:15.500 clearly

00:41:15.740 the

00:41:15.960 case

00:41:16.200 that

00:41:16.400 we

00:41:16.540 require

00:41:17.020 a

00:41:17.240 future

00:41:17.580 toward

00:41:18.060 which

00:41:18.360 to

00:41:18.540 orient

00:41:18.920 ourselves

00:41:19.500 to

00:41:20.020 provide

00:41:20.440 meaning

00:41:20.920 in our

00:41:21.300 life

00:41:21.660 psychologically

00:41:22.540 speaking

00:41:23.300 it is

00:41:25.980 for that

00:41:26.360 reason

00:41:26.700 we see

00:41:27.100 the same

00:41:27.600 need

00:41:27.940 expressed

00:41:28.420 collectively

00:41:29.060 on a

00:41:29.620 much

00:41:29.800 larger

00:41:30.200 scale

00:41:30.660 in the

00:41:31.200 Judeo-Christian

00:41:31.960 vision

00:41:32.480 of the

00:41:33.200 promised

00:41:33.600 land

00:41:34.060 and the

00:41:34.400 kingdom

00:41:34.680 of heaven

00:41:35.440 on earth

00:41:35.980 and it

00:41:36.760 is also

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00:41:37.800 case

00:41:38.060 that sacrifice

00:41:38.800 is necessary

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00:41:40.940 end state

00:41:41.540 into being

00:41:42.200 that's the

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00:41:44.480 future

00:41:44.840 itself

00:41:45.500 the necessity

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00:41:48.020 gratification

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00:41:50.840 to bargain

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00:42:00.080 chaff

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00:42:03.060 so that tomorrow

00:42:04.020 can be better

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00:42:05.380 but limits

00:42:07.500 need to be

00:42:08.020 placed around

00:42:08.700 who or

00:42:09.680 what is

00:42:10.660 deemed

00:42:11.100 dispensable

00:42:12.200 and it is

00:42:13.660 exactly the

00:42:14.540 necessity for

00:42:15.300 interminable

00:42:15.920 sacrifice that

00:42:16.880 constitutes the

00:42:17.720 terrible counterpart

00:42:18.540 of the utopian

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00:46:14.280 earlier this year i was

00:46:33.680 invited by nick skidmore

00:46:35.260 editor of vintage

00:46:36.680 classics at penguin to

00:46:38.800 write the forward to the

00:46:40.460 50th anniversary edition of

00:46:42.840 the single volume abridged

00:46:44.180 version of alexander

00:46:45.380 solzhenitsyn's the gulag

00:46:47.380 archipelago this was

00:46:49.620 perhaps the single

00:46:50.760 greatest honor that has

00:46:51.960 ever befallen me given

00:46:53.600 the historical importance

00:46:54.880 of solzhenitsyn's book as

00:46:56.900 well as its great personal

00:46:58.200 impact on me the gulag

00:47:01.580 archipelago in its full

00:47:03.180 form was a three-volume

00:47:05.460 text originally written

00:47:07.120 between 1958 and 1968 it

00:47:10.540 first saw publication in

00:47:12.020 1973 and was translated

00:47:14.080 into english a year later

00:47:16.080 it describes life in the

00:47:19.380 soviet forced labor camp

00:47:21.120 system the gulag through a

00:47:23.160 narrative compiled from

00:47:24.400 interviews personal

00:47:25.800 statements from inmates

00:47:27.180 diaries legal and

00:47:29.400 historical documents and

00:47:31.640 the author's own experience

00:47:32.920 as a gulag prisoner

00:47:34.160 following its appearance the

00:47:36.980 book circulated underground in

00:47:38.560 the soviet union until its

00:47:39.980 formal publication in 1989 in

00:47:42.620 the literary journal novi

00:47:44.100 mirror which published a third

00:47:45.940 of the work in three issues

00:47:47.440 since the soviet union

00:47:49.660 dissolved the entire book has

00:47:51.920 been published and has been

00:47:53.280 made mandatory reading in the

00:47:55.320 russian school curriculum the

00:47:58.200 50th anniversary edition is

00:48:00.520 slated for release november 1st

00:48:02.560 2018 here's a brief biography of

00:48:09.020 the author alexander solzhenitsyn

00:48:11.180 from the book solzhenitsyn was

00:48:15.620 born in 1918 and grew up in

00:48:18.280 rostov on dawn he graduated in

00:48:21.220 physics and mathematics from

00:48:22.800 rostov university and studied

00:48:24.680 literature by correspondence course

00:48:26.580 at moscow university in world war

00:48:29.720 two he fought as an artillery

00:48:31.280 officer attaining the rank of

00:48:33.260 captain in 1945 however after

00:48:37.420 making derogatory remarks about

00:48:39.760 stalin in a letter he was arrested

00:48:42.320 and summarily sentenced to eight

00:48:44.380 years in forced labor camps followed

00:48:46.680 by internal exile in 1957 he was

00:48:50.200 formally rehabilitated and settled

00:48:52.500 down to teaching and writing here's a

00:48:56.720 description of the book from the back

00:48:59.000 cover the officially approved

00:49:01.640 abridgment of the gulag archipelago

00:49:03.700 volumes 1 2 and 3 a vast canvas of

00:49:08.560 camps prisons transit centers and

00:49:12.720 secret police of informers and spies

00:49:15.760 and interrogators but also of

00:49:18.180 everyday heroism the gulag archipelago

00:49:21.020 is alexander solzhenitsyn's grand

00:49:23.260 masterwork based on the testimony of

00:49:26.140 some 200 survivors and on the

00:49:28.260 recollection of solzhenitsyn's own 11

00:49:30.280 years in labor camps in exile it

00:49:32.820 chronicles the story of those at the

00:49:35.080 heart of the soviet union who opposed

00:49:37.140 stalin and for whom the key to

00:49:39.640 survival lay not in hope but in

00:49:41.960 despair a thoroughly researched

00:49:45.080 document and a feat of literary and

00:49:47.460 imaginative power this edition of the

00:49:49.700 gulag archipelago was abridged into

00:49:51.900 one volume at the author's wish and

00:49:54.460 with his full cooperation doris lessing

00:49:59.000 1919 to 2013 a british novelist playwright

00:50:04.360 librettist biographer and short story

00:50:06.960 writer and winner of the 2007 nobel prize

00:50:10.540 for literature says of the gulag archipelago

00:50:13.640 it helped to bring down an empire its

00:50:17.080 importance can hardly be exaggerated

00:50:19.840 this is solzhenitsyn's own forward to the

00:50:24.580 original abridgment

00:50:25.560 i dedicate this to all those who did not

00:50:29.880 live to tell it and may they please

00:50:32.140 forgive me for not having seen it all

00:50:34.560 nor remembered it all for not having

00:50:37.600 divined it all

00:50:38.540 if it were possible for any nation to

00:50:42.320 fathom another people's bitter experience

00:50:44.560 through a book how much easier its

00:50:46.760 future fate would become and how many

00:50:49.680 calamities and mistakes it could avoid

00:50:51.720 but it is very difficult there always is

00:50:56.760 this fallacious belief it would not be

00:51:00.220 the same here here such things are

00:51:02.940 impossible alas all the evil of the

00:51:06.700 20th century is possible everywhere on

00:51:09.360 earth yet i have not given up all hope

00:51:12.180 that human beings and nations may be

00:51:14.060 able in spite of all to learn from the

00:51:17.060 experience of other people without

00:51:18.740 having to live through it personally

00:51:20.360 therefore i gratefully accept professor

00:51:23.480 erickson's suggestion to create a one

00:51:25.720 volume abridgment of my three-volume work

00:51:28.120 the gulag archipelago in order to

00:51:30.920 facilitate its reading for those who do

00:51:33.140 not have much time in this hectic century

00:51:35.820 of ours i thank professor erickson for

00:51:38.760 his generous initiative as well as for

00:51:41.060 the tactfulness the literary taste and

00:51:43.840 the understanding of western readers

00:51:45.560 which he displayed during the work on

00:51:47.900 the abridgment

00:51:48.620 edward e erickson jr 1939 to 2017 who

00:51:56.700 served as the editor of the abridged

00:51:58.640 single-volume version of the gulag

00:52:00.640 archipelago was professor emeritus of

00:52:03.260 english at calvin college and the author

00:52:05.640 of many other books including the

00:52:07.940 solzhenitsyn reader the apocalyptic

00:52:10.380 vision of mikhail bolgakov's the

00:52:12.920 master and margarita and the soul and

00:52:15.720 barbed wire an introduction to solzhenitsyn

00:52:18.780 this is what he had to say when he

00:52:21.700 introduced the abridged version

00:52:23.440 in 1994 after 20 years of forced exile in

00:52:28.740 the west alexander solzhenitsyn returned

00:52:31.140 to russia at one town meeting held on his

00:52:34.880 trans-siberian whistle-stop tour to

00:52:37.460 reacquaint himself with his homeland he

00:52:39.620 was confronted by this rebuke it is you

00:52:43.280 and your writing that started it all and

00:52:45.360 brought our country to the verge of

00:52:46.880 collapse and devastation russia doesn't 0.51

00:52:49.260 need you so go back to your blessed

00:52:52.520 america solzhenitsyn instantly replied

00:52:57.140 that to his dying day he would keep

00:52:58.900 fighting against the evil ideology that

00:53:01.260 was capable of slaying one-third of his

00:53:03.380 country's population the meeting erupted

00:53:06.360 in applause that sort of exchange was

00:53:10.340 unimaginable when the present

00:53:11.900 abridgment of the gulag archipelago first

00:53:14.040 appeared in 1985 almost no one expected

00:53:17.260 then that within a few years the soviet

00:53:19.760 union would collapse and almost in a day

00:53:22.760 like the legendary one-horse shea yet now

00:53:26.640 the dramatic events that put the closing

00:53:28.500 punctuation mark on the soviet parentheses

00:53:30.940 in russian history have also we may say

00:53:33.740 brought an end to what the great russian

00:53:35.960 poet anna akhmatova called the true

00:53:39.240 20th century this foreshortened century

00:53:43.100 running from 1914 to 1917 to 1989 1991 was

00:53:50.020 the era when utopian dreams rooted in

00:53:52.420 enlightenment optimism came to rely on

00:53:55.060 brute force to make ideological schemes

00:53:57.900 prevail the 20th century has proven in

00:54:02.400 quantitative terms at least the most

00:54:04.620 murderous in human history as

00:54:06.680 governments killed their subjects at

00:54:08.200 record rates for decades the word

00:54:11.280 holocaust served as shorthand for

00:54:13.580 modern man's inhumanity to man then one

00:54:17.200 lone man added a second such term gulag

00:54:20.820 which now appears in dictionaries as a

00:54:23.240 common noun solzhenitsyn was one of the

00:54:26.740 precious few who did anticipate the

00:54:28.720 demise of the soviet experiment and he

00:54:30.960 thought his book would help oh yes

00:54:34.000 gulag was destined to affect the course

00:54:36.580 of history i was sure of that on one of

00:54:40.120 his darkest days february 12th 1974 the

00:54:43.740 day before he was forced into exile and

00:54:46.200 precisely because the gulag had appeared

00:54:48.120 in the west he mused you bolsheviks are

00:54:51.580 finished there are no two ways about it

00:54:54.180 what satisfaction he felt then when some

00:54:57.960 early reviews such as one from the

00:55:00.060 frankfurter elgemeine a leading german

00:55:02.540 newspaper caught his intentions the time

00:55:06.320 may come when we date the beginning of the

00:55:08.520 collapse of the soviet system from the

00:55:10.760 appearance of gulag american diplomat and

00:55:14.180 scholar george f cannon hailed the work as

00:55:17.280 the greatest and most powerful single

00:55:19.140 indictment of a political regime ever to

00:55:21.600 be leveled in modern times one sure to

00:55:25.300 stick in the craw of the soviet propaganda

00:55:28.360 machine with increasing discomfort until

00:55:31.560 it has done its work solzhenitsyn has

00:55:35.780 proven prescient on other matters as well

00:55:38.460 not only did he reiterate in the teeth of

00:55:41.000 the prevailing opinion of western specialists

00:55:43.340 on soviet affairs that he was absolutely

00:55:46.000 convinced that communism will go he also

00:55:49.080 insisted most resolutely and against all

00:55:51.760 seeming reason that he expected to be

00:55:54.000 reunited with his beloved russia in a

00:55:57.820 strange way i not only hope i am inwardly

00:56:00.880 convinced that i shall go back i mean my

00:56:04.040 physical return not just my books and that

00:56:07.220 contradicts all rationality his improbable

00:56:11.440 prerequisites were that his citizenship be

00:56:13.900 restored that the charge of treason against

00:56:16.560 him be dropped and that all his books be

00:56:18.920 published in his homeland after his prophecies

00:56:22.600 were fulfilled a friend of his reminisced it

00:56:26.380 seemed crazy to me at the time but it was a real

00:56:29.240 conviction a poet's knowledge he sees the man

00:56:33.660 sees however historians ultimately apportion the

00:56:38.680 credit for ending the cold war solzhenitsyn

00:56:41.280 indubitably played a part in bringing the

00:56:43.720 soviet edifice down to rubble his writings

00:56:47.420 delegitimized communism in his homeland and

00:56:50.740 discredited it abroad he was much too modest in 0.77

00:56:54.380 depicting himself as a little calf foolishly

00:56:56.920 budding a mighty oak and thinking this could bring

00:56:59.440 it down as david remnick editor of the new

00:57:03.380 yorker declares in terms of the effect he has

00:57:07.480 had on history solzhenitsyn is the dominant

00:57:10.060 writer of the century who else compares orwell

00:57:15.180 kessler remnick concludes that to some extent

00:57:20.500 you have to credit the literary works of alexander

00:57:23.180 solzhenitsyn with helping to bring down the last

00:57:27.080 empire on earth so after that introductory material

00:57:33.460 my forward it begins with an excerpt from the

00:57:39.520 speech delivered by solzhenitsyn to the

00:57:41.740 swedish academy on the occasion of his acceptance

00:57:44.780 of the nobel prize for literature

00:57:46.760 once we have taken up the word it is thereafter

00:57:51.900 impossible to turn away

00:57:53.560 a writer is no detached judge of his countrymen and

00:57:58.300 contemporaries he is an accomplice to all the evil committed in his country or 0.93

00:58:03.360 by his people and if the tanks of his fatherland have bloodied the pavement of

00:58:08.780 a foreign capital then rust colored stains have forever bespattered the

00:58:13.820 writer's face and if on some fateful night a trusting friend is

00:58:19.140 strangled in his sleep then the palms of the writer bear the bruises from that rope

00:58:25.520 and if his youthful fellow citizens nonchalantly proclaim the advantages of

00:58:31.680 debauchery over humble toil if they abandon themselves to drugs or seize hostages then

00:58:39.520 and this stench too is mingled with the breath of the writer have we the

00:58:44.260 insolence to declare that we do not answer for the evils of today's world the

00:58:51.100 simple act of an ordinary brave man is not to participate in lies not to support

00:58:57.200 false actions his rule let that come into the world let it even reign supreme only not through

00:59:08.860 me but it is within the power of writers and artists to do much more to defeat the lie

00:59:16.880 for in the struggle with lies art has always triumphed and shall always triumph visibly irrefutably

00:59:24.500 for all lies can prevail against much in this world but never against art one word of truth

00:59:33.720 shall outweigh the whole world first you defend your homeland against the nazis serving as a twice

00:59:43.780 decorated soldier on the eastern front in the criminally ill-prepared soviet red army then you're

00:59:50.980 arrested humiliated stripped of your military rank charged under the auspices of the all-purpose

00:59:57.760 article 58 with the dissemination of anti-soviet propaganda and dragged off to moscow's infamous

01:00:05.020 lubyanka prison there through the bars of your cell you watch your beloved country celebrating its victory

01:00:13.960 in the great patriotic war then you're sentenced in absentia to eight years of hard labor but you got

01:00:22.860 away easy it wasn't so long afterward that people in your position were awarded a tenor

01:00:28.220 and then a quarter of a century and fate isn't finished with you yet not by any means you develop a deadly

01:00:36.760 cancer in the camp endure the exile imposed on you after your imprisonment ends and pass very close to

01:00:44.140 death despite all this you hold your head high you refuse to turn against man or god although you have every

01:00:52.120 reason to do so you write instead secretly at night documenting your terrible experiences you craft a personal

01:01:02.360 memoir a single day in the labor camps and miracle of miracles the clouds part the sun shines through your book is

01:01:15.060 published and in your own country it meets with unparalleled acclaim nationally and internationally but the sky darkens once

01:01:26.000 again and the sun disappears the repression returns you become once again a non-person the secret police

01:01:35.500 the dread kgb sees the manuscript of your next book it sees the light of day nonetheless but only in the west

01:01:44.560 there your reputation grows beyond the wildest of imaginings the nobel committee itself bestows upon you

01:01:53.640 its highest literary honor the soviet authorities stripped of their camouflage are enraged they order the secret

01:02:02.400 police to poison you you pass once again near death but you continue to write driven solitary intolerably

01:02:12.180 inspired your gulag archipelago documents the absolute and utter corruption of the dogmas and doctrines of 0.63

01:02:20.560 your state your empire your leaders and yourself and then that is printed too not in your own country

01:02:32.780 but in the west once again from copies oh so dangerously hidden and smuggled across the borders

01:02:39.800 and your great book bursts with unparalleled and dreadful force into the still naive and

01:02:45.640 unexpected literary and intellectual world you're expelled from the soviet union stripped of your

01:02:52.740 citizenship forced to take residency in a society both strange to you and resistant in its own way

01:03:00.140 to your prophetic words but the power of your stories and the strength of your morals demolish any

01:03:07.220 remaining claims to ethical and philosophical credibility still made by the defenders of the

01:03:12.900 collectivist system that gave rise to all that you witnessed years pass but not so many from the perspective of history

01:03:23.240 then another miracle the soviet union collapses you return home your citizenship is restored

01:03:33.780 you write and speak in your reclaimed homeland until death claims you in 2008 a year later the gulag archipelago is deemed

01:03:44.180 mandatory reading by those responsible for establishing the national school curriculum of your home country

01:03:50.700 your impossible victory is complete

01:03:54.880 the three volumes of the gulag archipelago one continuous extended scream of outrage are paradoxically brilliant bitter disbelieving and infused with awe awe at the strength characterizing the best among us in the worst of all situations

01:04:19.220 in that monumental text published in 1973 alexander solzhenitsyn conducted an experiment in literary investigation

01:04:29.620 a hybrid of journalism history and biography unlike anything ever written before or since

01:04:37.660 in 1985 the author bestowed his approval upon edward e erickson jr's single volume abridgment

01:04:45.720 republished here on the 50th anniversary of the completion of the full three-volume edition and centenary of the author's birth

01:04:53.260 and sold some 30 million copies in 35 languages

01:04:58.220 between the pages of solzhenitsyn's book apart from the documentation of the horrors of the legions of the dead

01:05:08.020 counted and uncounted and the masses whose lives were torn asunder

01:05:12.300 are the innumerable soul-chilling personal stories carefully preserved

01:05:17.840 making the tragedy of mass betrayal torture and death

01:05:22.200 not the mere statistic

01:05:24.160 stalin so disdainfully described

01:05:27.520 but individual

01:05:29.100 real

01:05:30.160 and terrible

01:05:31.220 it is a matter of pure historical fact

01:05:35.220 that the gulag archipelago played a primary role

01:05:38.400 in bringing the soviet empire to its knees 0.71

01:05:41.480 although economically unsustainable

01:05:44.860 ruled in the most corrupt manner imaginable

01:05:47.820 and reliant on the slavery and enforced deceit of its citizens

01:05:51.600 the soviet system managed to stumble forward

01:05:54.640 through far too many decades

01:05:56.560 before being cut to the quick

01:05:58.700 the courageous leaders of the labor unions in poland

01:06:02.780 the great pope john paul ii

01:06:05.140 and the american president ronald reagan

01:06:07.460 with his blunt insistence

01:06:09.380 that the west faced an evil empire

01:06:11.580 all played their role in its defeat and collapse

01:06:14.460 it was solzhenitsyn however

01:06:17.560 whose revelations made it positively shameful

01:06:20.740 to defend not just the soviet state

01:06:23.140 but the very system of thought

01:06:25.180 that made that state

01:06:26.600 what it was

01:06:27.620 it was solzhenitsyn who most crucially made the case

01:06:31.020 that the terrible excesses of communism

01:06:33.080 could not be conveniently blamed

01:06:35.580 on the corruption of the soviet leadership

01:06:37.660 the cult of personality surrounding stalin

01:06:40.500 or the failure to put the otherwise stellar

01:06:42.840 and admirable utopian principles

01:06:44.840 of marxism into proper practice

01:06:47.800 it was solzhenitsyn who demonstrated

01:06:50.780 that the death of millions

01:06:52.140 and the devastation of many more

01:06:54.360 were instead

01:06:55.400 a direct causal consequence of the philosophy

01:06:58.960 worse perhaps

01:07:01.020 the theology

01:07:02.200 driving the communist system

01:07:04.620 the hypothetically egalitarian

01:07:07.320 universalist doctrines of carl marx

01:07:10.040 contained hidden within them

01:07:12.000 sufficient hatred

01:07:13.340 resentment

01:07:14.380 envy

01:07:15.380 and denial of individual culpability

01:07:18.140 and responsibility

01:07:19.020 to produce nothing

01:07:20.480 but poison and death

01:07:22.260 when manifested in the world

01:07:24.180 for marx

01:07:26.780 man was a member of a class

01:07:29.260 an economic class

01:07:30.960 a group

01:07:31.820 that and little more

01:07:34.240 and history

01:07:35.340 nothing but the battleground

01:07:36.660 of classes

01:07:37.360 and groups

01:07:38.580 his admirers regarded

01:07:41.240 continued to regard

01:07:43.240 marx's doctrine

01:07:44.720 as one of compassion

01:07:46.140 moral by definition

01:07:47.760 virtuous by fiat

01:07:49.500 consider the working classes

01:07:52.100 in all their oppression

01:07:53.580 and work forthrightly

01:07:55.380 to free them

01:07:56.080 but hate may well be a stronger

01:07:58.980 and more compelling motivator

01:08:00.440 than love

01:08:01.080 in consequence

01:08:03.400 it took no time

01:08:04.900 in the aftermath

01:08:05.800 of the Russian revolution

01:08:07.140 for solidarity

01:08:08.160 with the common man

01:08:09.560 and the apparently

01:08:10.640 laudable demand

01:08:11.740 for universal equality

01:08:13.120 to manifest

01:08:14.080 its unarticulated

01:08:15.520 and ever darkening shadow

01:08:17.440 first came the most

01:08:21.200 brutal indictment

01:08:22.500 of the class enemy

01:08:24.040 then came the

01:08:25.640 ever expanding

01:08:26.400 definition of that enemy

01:08:27.720 until every single person

01:08:29.740 in the entirety

01:08:30.600 of the state

01:08:31.360 found him or herself

01:08:32.640 at risk of encapsulation

01:08:34.260 within that insatiable

01:08:35.880 and devouring net

01:08:37.100 the verdict

01:08:39.080 delivered to those

01:08:40.340 deemed at fault

01:08:41.640 by those who elevated

01:08:42.960 themselves

01:08:43.500 to the simultaneously

01:08:44.700 held positions

01:08:45.820 of judge

01:08:47.040 jury

01:08:47.780 and executioner

01:08:49.040 the necessity

01:08:51.320 to eradicate 0.66

01:08:52.360 the victimizers

01:08:53.320 the oppressors

01:08:54.380 in toto

01:08:55.300 without any consideration

01:08:57.280 whatsoever

01:08:58.140 for reactionary niceties

01:08:59.840 such as individual

01:09:01.160 innocence

01:09:01.780 let us note

01:09:03.500 as well

01:09:03.980 this outcome

01:09:05.200 wasn't the result

01:09:06.420 of the initially

01:09:07.360 pristine Marxist doctrine

01:09:08.940 becoming corrupt

01:09:09.780 over time

01:09:10.500 but something apparent

01:09:11.620 and present

01:09:12.140 at the very beginning

01:09:13.060 of the Soviet state

01:09:14.280 itself

01:09:14.980 Solzhenitsyn cites

01:09:17.300 for example

01:09:17.940 one Martin Latsis

01:09:19.700 writing for the newspaper

01:09:21.820 Red Terror

01:09:23.240 November 1st 1918

01:09:25.320 we are not fighting

01:09:28.140 against single individuals

01:09:29.500 we are exterminating 0.88

01:09:31.460 the bourgeoisie 0.99

01:09:32.560 as a class

01:09:33.380 it is not necessary

01:09:35.980 during the interrogation

01:09:37.260 to look for evidence

01:09:38.460 proving that the accused

01:09:40.160 opposed the Soviets 0.62

01:09:41.320 by word or action

01:09:42.660 the first question

01:09:44.320 you should ask him

01:09:45.120 is

01:09:45.280 what class

01:09:46.140 does he belong to

01:09:47.060 what is his origin

01:09:48.760 his education

01:09:49.900 and his profession

01:09:51.240 these are the questions

01:09:52.860 that will determine

01:09:53.760 the fate

01:09:54.420 of the accused

01:09:55.360 such is the sense

01:09:57.940 and essence

01:09:58.780 of Red Terror

01:10:00.120 it is necessary

01:10:03.340 to think

01:10:04.120 when you read

01:10:04.720 such a thing

01:10:05.420 to meditate

01:10:06.420 long and hard

01:10:07.380 on the message

01:10:08.040 it is necessary

01:10:08.980 to recognize

01:10:09.740 for example

01:10:10.360 that the writer

01:10:11.160 believed

01:10:11.580 that it would be better

01:10:12.300 to execute 0.99

01:10:13.180 10,000 0.65

01:10:14.160 potentially innocent

01:10:15.460 individuals

01:10:16.140 than to allow

01:10:17.220 one poisonous member

01:10:18.660 of the oppressor class

01:10:19.940 to remain free

01:10:21.240 it is equally necessary

01:10:24.380 to pose the question

01:10:26.320 who precisely belonged

01:10:29.320 to that hypothetical entity

01:10:31.300 the bourgeoisie

01:10:32.780 it is not as if

01:10:34.580 the boundaries

01:10:35.080 of such a category

01:10:36.020 are self-evident

01:10:37.020 there for the mere perceiving

01:10:38.820 they must be drawn

01:10:40.100 but where

01:10:41.920 exactly

01:10:42.980 and more importantly

01:10:45.440 by whom

01:10:46.400 or by what

01:10:47.460 if it's hate

01:10:49.060 inscribing the lines

01:10:50.500 instead of love

01:10:51.760 they will inevitably

01:10:53.160 be drawn

01:10:53.960 so that the lowest

01:10:55.180 meanest

01:10:56.060 most cruel 1.00

01:10:57.120 and useless 0.89

01:10:58.060 of the conceptual 0.78

01:10:59.060 geographers

01:10:59.880 will be justified

01:11:00.920 in manifesting

01:11:02.000 the greatest

01:11:02.620 possible evil

01:11:03.700 and producing

01:11:04.720 the greatest

01:11:05.640 possible misery

01:11:06.920 members of the bourgeoisie

01:11:10.900 beyond all redemption

01:11:12.740 they had to go

01:11:13.920 as a matter of course

01:11:15.120 what of their wives

01:11:17.380 children

01:11:18.760 even

01:11:20.680 their grandchildren

01:11:22.000 off with their heads 0.57

01:11:24.160 too 0.65

01:11:24.560 all

01:11:26.100 were incorrigibly

01:11:27.400 corrupted

01:11:27.900 by their class identity

01:11:29.160 and their destruction

01:11:30.460 therefore

01:11:30.940 ethically necessitated

01:11:32.460 how convenient

01:11:34.740 that the darkest

01:11:35.720 and direst

01:11:36.500 of all possible

01:11:37.340 motivations

01:11:37.960 could be granted

01:11:38.760 the highest

01:11:39.460 of moral standings

01:11:40.640 that was a true

01:11:41.840 marriage of hell 0.56

01:11:42.780 and of heaven

01:11:43.820 what values

01:11:46.160 what philosophical

01:11:47.560 presumptions

01:11:48.320 truly dominated

01:11:49.420 under such circumstances

01:11:51.060 was it desire

01:11:52.860 for brotherhood

01:11:53.760 dignity

01:11:54.320 and freedom

01:11:55.300 from want

01:11:56.020 not in the least

01:11:58.340 not given the outcome

01:12:01.020 it was instead

01:12:02.460 and obviously

01:12:03.560 the murderous rage

01:12:05.520 of hundreds of thousands

01:12:06.900 of biblical

01:12:07.720 canes

01:12:08.560 each looking to

01:12:09.700 torture

01:12:10.120 destroy

01:12:10.860 and sacrifice

01:12:12.120 their own

01:12:13.020 private

01:12:13.500 ables

01:12:14.040 there is simply

01:12:15.840 no other manner

01:12:16.720 of accounting

01:12:17.700 for the corpses

01:12:18.760 what can be

01:12:21.180 concluded

01:12:21.640 in the deepest

01:12:22.400 most permanent

01:12:23.280 sense

01:12:23.760 from Solzhenitsyn's

01:12:25.320 anguished

01:12:25.980 gulag narrative

01:12:27.200 first

01:12:28.740 we learn

01:12:29.940 what is indisputable

01:12:31.020 what we all

01:12:32.680 should have learned

01:12:33.440 by now

01:12:34.080 what we have

01:12:35.020 nonetheless

01:12:35.340 failed to learn

01:12:36.500 that the left

01:12:38.280 like the right

01:12:39.320 can go too far

01:12:41.580 that the left

01:12:42.520 has in the past

01:12:43.580 gone much too far

01:12:44.960 second

01:12:46.780 we learn

01:12:47.560 what is far more

01:12:48.440 subtle and difficult

01:12:49.480 how and why

01:12:50.940 that going too far

01:12:51.960 occurs

01:12:52.580 we learn

01:12:54.120 as Solzhenitsyn

01:12:55.260 so profoundly

01:12:56.260 insists

01:12:57.080 that the line

01:12:58.300 dividing good and evil

01:12:59.500 cuts through the heart

01:13:00.480 of every human being

01:13:01.620 and we learn

01:13:02.700 as well

01:13:03.100 that we all

01:13:03.940 are

01:13:04.360 each of us

01:13:05.320 simultaneously

01:13:06.740 oppressor

01:13:07.820 and oppressed

01:13:08.980 thus we come

01:13:11.040 to realize

01:13:11.480 that the twin

01:13:12.080 categories

01:13:12.640 of guilty

01:13:13.400 oppressor

01:13:14.120 and justice

01:13:15.000 seeking victim

01:13:16.040 can be made

01:13:17.020 endlessly inclusive

01:13:18.180 this is not least

01:13:20.740 because we all

01:13:21.600 benefit unfairly

01:13:23.100 and are all

01:13:24.040 equally victimized

01:13:25.320 by our

01:13:26.040 throneness

01:13:26.880 our arbitrary

01:13:28.420 placement

01:13:28.980 in the flow

01:13:29.680 of time

01:13:30.300 we all accrue

01:13:32.160 undeserved

01:13:32.920 and somewhat

01:13:33.480 random

01:13:33.980 privileged

01:13:34.580 from the vagaries

01:13:35.720 of our place

01:13:36.460 of birth

01:13:37.000 our inequitably

01:13:38.140 distributed

01:13:38.720 talents

01:13:39.240 our ethnicity

01:13:40.260 race

01:13:41.160 culture

01:13:41.920 and sex

01:13:42.680 we all belong

01:13:44.180 to a group

01:13:44.860 some group

01:13:45.920 that has been

01:13:46.880 elevated in

01:13:47.560 comparative status

01:13:48.540 through no effort

01:13:49.360 of our own

01:13:50.060 this is true

01:13:51.440 in some manner

01:13:52.220 along some

01:13:53.160 dimension of group

01:13:54.280 category

01:13:54.820 for every

01:13:55.780 solitary

01:13:56.320 individual

01:13:57.120 except

01:13:58.320 for the single

01:13:59.600 most lowly

01:14:00.520 of all

01:14:01.040 at some time

01:14:02.920 and in some

01:14:03.420 manner

01:14:03.700 we may all

01:14:04.480 in consequence

01:14:05.200 be justly

01:14:06.220 targeted

01:14:06.720 as oppressors

01:14:07.820 and may all

01:14:09.120 equally seek

01:14:09.940 justice

01:14:10.520 or revenge

01:14:11.540 as victims

01:14:12.800 even if the

01:14:15.440 initiators of

01:14:16.280 the revolution

01:14:16.960 had therefore

01:14:18.020 in their most

01:14:18.600 pure moments

01:14:19.320 been driven

01:14:20.300 by a holy

01:14:21.200 desire to lift

01:14:22.460 up the

01:14:22.900 downtrodden

01:14:23.800 was it not

01:14:25.480 guaranteed that

01:14:26.240 they would be

01:14:26.700 overtaken

01:14:27.400 by those

01:14:28.080 motivated primarily

01:14:29.240 by envy

01:14:30.160 hate

01:14:30.840 and the desire

01:14:31.780 to destroy

01:14:32.620 as the revolution

01:14:34.020 progressed

01:14:34.720 hence the

01:14:36.920 establishment

01:14:37.460 of the

01:14:37.860 hungrily growing

01:14:38.620 and most often

01:14:39.680 fatal list

01:14:40.700 of class enemies

01:14:41.680 right from the

01:14:42.540 very first moments

01:14:43.500 of the communist

01:14:44.180 revolution

01:14:44.880 the demolition

01:14:46.660 was aimed

01:14:47.180 first at the

01:14:48.000 students

01:14:48.540 the religious

01:14:49.240 believers

01:14:49.740 and the

01:14:50.440 socialists

01:14:51.200 continuing

01:14:52.220 under Stalin

01:14:53.100 with the old

01:14:54.100 revolutionaries

01:14:55.000 themselves

01:14:55.520 and was followed

01:14:56.600 soon thereafter

01:14:57.520 by the annihilation

01:14:58.820 of the successful

01:14:59.880 peasant farmer

01:15:00.940 Kulaks 1.00

01:15:01.720 and this

01:15:04.700 appetite for

01:15:05.340 destruction

01:15:05.780 wasn't of

01:15:06.420 the type

01:15:06.840 to be

01:15:07.180 satiated

01:15:07.760 with the

01:15:08.220 bodies

01:15:08.620 of the

01:15:09.040 perpetrators

01:15:09.680 themselves

01:15:10.440 as Solzhenitsyn

01:15:12.700 writes

01:15:13.160 they burned

01:15:14.940 out whole

01:15:15.440 nests

01:15:15.980 whole families

01:15:17.360 from the

01:15:17.820 start

01:15:18.220 and they

01:15:19.280 watched

01:15:19.640 jealously

01:15:20.320 to be sure

01:15:20.920 that none

01:15:21.400 of the

01:15:21.740 children

01:15:22.160 14

01:15:23.300 10

01:15:24.280 even 6

01:15:25.340 years old

01:15:26.000 got away

01:15:26.880 to the

01:15:27.940 last

01:15:28.280 scrapings

01:15:29.320 all had

01:15:30.440 to go

01:15:30.740 down

01:15:31.060 the

01:15:31.300 same

01:15:31.640 road

01:15:32.080 to the

01:15:32.700 same

01:15:33.000 common

01:15:33.540 destruction

01:15:34.200 this was

01:15:36.300 driven

01:15:36.660 by the

01:15:37.420 perceived

01:15:38.080 even

01:15:38.900 self-perceived

01:15:39.920 guilt

01:15:40.300 of all

01:15:40.860 how else

01:15:42.360 was it

01:15:42.680 possible

01:15:43.080 for the

01:15:43.440 hundreds

01:15:43.720 of thousands

01:15:44.440 or perhaps

01:15:45.500 even millions

01:15:46.280 of informants

01:15:47.380 prosecutors

01:15:48.360 betrayers 0.84

01:15:49.780 and unforgivably

01:15:51.360 mute observers

01:15:52.320 to spring

01:15:53.200 so rapidly

01:15:58.700 into being

01:15:59.500 in the

01:16:00.120 tumult

01:16:00.680 of the

01:16:01.500 red

01:16:01.760 terror

01:16:02.260 thus

01:16:05.500 the doctrine

01:16:06.520 of group

01:16:07.080 identity

01:16:07.800 inevitably

01:16:08.900 ends with

01:16:09.540 everyone

01:16:09.960 identified

01:16:10.560 as a

01:16:11.000 class

01:16:11.340 enemy

01:16:11.720 an

01:16:12.100 oppressor

01:16:12.760 with

01:16:13.280 everyone

01:16:13.760 uncleansably

01:16:14.680 contaminated

01:16:15.360 by bourgeois

01:16:16.320 privilege

01:16:17.120 unfairly

01:16:17.980 enjoying the

01:16:18.600 benefits

01:16:19.080 bequeathed

01:16:19.720 by the

01:16:20.040 vagaries

01:16:20.400 of history

01:16:21.120 with

01:16:22.240 everyone

01:16:22.640 prosecuted

01:16:23.540 without

01:16:24.100 respite

01:16:24.780 for that

01:16:25.500 corruption

01:16:26.080 and injustice

01:16:27.060 no mercy

01:16:28.980 for the

01:16:29.460 oppressor

01:16:30.160 and no

01:16:31.740 punishment

01:16:32.280 too severe

01:16:33.160 for the

01:16:33.580 crime of

01:16:34.080 exploitation

01:16:34.860 expiation

01:16:36.300 becomes

01:16:36.740 impossible

01:16:37.400 because there

01:16:38.580 is no

01:16:38.900 individual

01:16:39.400 guilt

01:16:39.900 no individual

01:16:40.820 responsibility

01:16:41.560 and therefore

01:16:42.940 no manner

01:16:43.640 in which

01:16:44.040 the crime

01:16:44.780 of arbitrary

01:16:45.600 birth

01:16:46.100 can be

01:16:46.800 individually

01:16:47.360 accounted

01:16:47.920 for

01:16:48.340 and all

01:16:49.800 the misery

01:16:50.480 that can

01:16:50.900 be generated

01:16:51.580 as a

01:16:52.000 consequence

01:16:52.400 of such

01:16:52.920 an

01:16:53.080 accusation

01:16:53.800 is the

01:16:55.120 true

01:16:55.400 reason

01:16:55.860 for the

01:16:56.740 accusation

01:16:57.580 when

01:16:59.720 everyone

01:17:00.060 is guilty

01:17:00.740 all that

01:17:01.960 serves

01:17:02.300 justice

01:17:02.840 is the

01:17:03.500 punishment

01:17:03.900 of everyone

01:17:04.640 when the

01:17:06.060 guilt

01:17:06.280 extends

01:17:06.760 to the

01:17:07.140 existence

01:17:07.580 of the

01:17:08.040 world's

01:17:08.460 misery

01:17:08.840 itself

01:17:09.480 only the

01:17:10.980 fatal

01:17:11.460 punishment 0.99

01:17:12.060 will suffice

01:17:13.440 it is

01:17:16.660 much more

01:17:17.280 preferable

01:17:18.160 instead

01:17:18.740 and much

01:17:19.800 more likely

01:17:20.320 to preserve

01:17:20.980 us all

01:17:21.760 from

01:17:22.060 metastasizing

01:17:23.260 hells

01:17:24.020 to state

01:17:25.080 forthrightly

01:17:26.060 I am

01:17:27.900 indeed

01:17:28.380 thrown

01:17:28.880 arbitrarily

01:17:29.660 into

01:17:29.960 history

01:17:30.420 I

01:17:31.960 therefore

01:17:32.300 choose to

01:17:32.960 voluntarily

01:17:33.640 shoulder

01:17:34.220 the

01:17:34.460 responsibility

01:17:35.200 of my

01:17:35.880 advantages

01:17:36.400 and the

01:17:37.260 burden

01:17:37.640 of my

01:17:38.220 disadvantages

01:17:38.940 like every

01:17:40.420 other

01:17:40.680 individual

01:17:41.220 I am

01:17:42.020 morally

01:17:42.340 bound

01:17:42.760 to pay

01:17:43.280 for my

01:17:44.100 advantages

01:17:44.700 with my

01:17:45.700 responsibility

01:17:46.380 I am

01:17:48.080 morally

01:17:48.340 bound

01:17:48.660 to accept

01:17:49.160 my

01:17:49.420 disadvantages

01:17:50.080 as the

01:17:50.680 price I

01:17:51.260 pay for

01:17:51.840 being

01:17:52.260 I will

01:17:54.500 therefore

01:17:55.000 strive

01:17:55.620 not to

01:17:56.280 descend

01:17:56.660 into

01:17:56.960 bitterness

01:17:57.300 and then

01:17:58.120 seek

01:17:58.480 vengeance

01:17:58.960 because I

01:17:59.960 have less

01:18:00.420 to my

01:18:00.820 credit

01:18:01.180 and a

01:18:01.560 greater

01:18:01.840 burden

01:18:02.280 to stumble

01:18:02.860 forward

01:18:03.340 with

01:18:03.740 than

01:18:04.500 others

01:18:04.920 is this

01:18:08.280 not a

01:18:08.980 or even

01:18:09.820 the

01:18:10.220 essential

01:18:10.780 point of

01:18:11.300 difference

01:18:11.680 between

01:18:12.020 the

01:18:12.260 West

01:18:12.600 for all

01:18:13.260 its

01:18:13.480 faults

01:18:13.920 and the

01:18:14.660 brutal

01:18:15.060 terrible

01:18:15.700 egalitarian

01:18:16.500 systems

01:18:17.100 generated

01:18:17.780 by the

01:18:18.500 pathological 0.97

01:18:19.240 communist

01:18:19.800 doctrine

01:18:20.360 the great

01:18:22.400 and good

01:18:22.880 framers of

01:18:23.620 the American

01:18:24.200 Republic

01:18:24.740 were for

01:18:25.480 example

01:18:25.920 anything

01:18:26.580 but utopian

01:18:27.620 they took

01:18:28.860 full stock

01:18:29.680 and full

01:18:30.060 measure of

01:18:30.820 ineradicable

01:18:31.660 human

01:18:32.160 imperfection

01:18:33.120 they held

01:18:34.280 modest

01:18:34.840 goals

01:18:35.540 derived

01:18:36.460 not least

01:18:37.100 from the

01:18:37.500 profoundly

01:18:37.960 cautious

01:18:38.540 common law

01:18:39.260 tradition

01:18:39.740 of England

01:18:40.300 they

01:18:41.860 endeavored

01:18:42.300 to establish

01:18:42.980 a system

01:18:43.620 the corrupt 1.00

01:18:44.440 and ignorant 1.00

01:18:44.980 fools 1.00

01:18:45.540 we all 1.00

01:18:46.140 are

01:18:46.560 could not

01:18:47.220 damage

01:18:47.800 too

01:18:48.280 fatally

01:18:48.880 that's

01:18:50.420 humility

01:18:51.020 that's

01:18:52.400 clear-headed

01:18:53.060 knowledge

01:18:53.500 of the

01:18:53.860 limitations

01:18:54.380 of human

01:18:55.080 machination

01:18:55.920 and good

01:18:56.800 intention

01:18:57.360 but the

01:19:00.160 communists

01:19:00.860 the

01:19:01.740 revolutionaries

01:19:02.680 they

01:19:03.900 aimed

01:19:04.720 grandly

01:19:05.740 and admirably

01:19:06.660 at least

01:19:07.460 in theory

01:19:08.200 at a much

01:19:09.260 more heavenly

01:19:10.020 vision

01:19:10.540 and they

01:19:11.620 began their

01:19:12.100 pursuit

01:19:12.520 with the

01:19:12.980 hypothetically

01:19:13.700 straightforward 0.72

01:19:14.420 and oh

01:19:15.480 so morally

01:19:16.660 justifiable

01:19:17.700 enforcement

01:19:18.820 of economic

01:19:19.640 equality

01:19:20.360 wealth

01:19:22.120 however

01:19:22.560 was not

01:19:23.320 so easily

01:19:23.980 generated

01:19:24.660 the poor

01:19:25.860 could not

01:19:26.360 simply become

01:19:27.160 rich

01:19:27.600 but the

01:19:28.980 riches of

01:19:29.440 those who

01:19:29.820 had anything

01:19:30.280 more than

01:19:30.840 the greatest

01:19:31.440 pauper

01:19:32.000 no matter

01:19:33.080 how pitiful

01:19:33.920 that more

01:19:34.600 was

01:19:35.080 that could 0.68

01:19:36.500 be redistributed

01:19:37.620 or at least

01:19:39.060 destroyed

01:19:39.840 that's equality

01:19:42.380 too

01:19:42.880 that's sacrifice

01:19:44.740 in the name

01:19:45.640 of heaven

01:19:46.080 on earth

01:19:46.680 and redistribution

01:19:48.580 was not enough

01:19:49.620 with all its

01:19:50.440 theft

01:19:50.980 betrayal

01:19:51.720 and death

01:19:52.580 mere economic

01:19:54.760 engineering

01:19:55.320 was insufficient

01:19:56.260 what emerged

01:19:58.180 as well

01:19:58.800 was the

01:19:59.500 overarching

01:20:00.100 and truly

01:20:00.800 totalitarian

01:20:01.660 desire

01:20:02.300 to remake

01:20:03.360 man and

01:20:03.980 woman 0.99

01:20:04.320 as such

01:20:05.320 the longing

01:20:06.800 to restructure

01:20:07.780 the human

01:20:08.320 spirit

01:20:08.800 in the very

01:20:09.540 image of the

01:20:10.260 communist

01:20:10.660 preconceptions

01:20:11.700 attributing

01:20:13.320 to themselves

01:20:14.120 this divine

01:20:15.340 ability

01:20:15.880 this transcendent

01:20:17.160 wisdom

01:20:17.560 and with

01:20:18.980 unshakable

01:20:19.820 belief in the

01:20:20.580 glowing but

01:20:21.360 ever receding

01:20:22.140 future

01:20:22.680 the newly

01:20:23.440 minted

01:20:24.000 soviets

01:20:24.600 tortured

01:20:25.360 thieves

01:20:26.240 imprisoned

01:20:27.200 lied

01:20:28.060 and betrayed

01:20:28.860 all the

01:20:29.900 while masking

01:20:30.700 their great

01:20:31.300 evil with

01:20:31.880 virtue

01:20:32.340 it was

01:20:33.640 Solzhenitsyn

01:20:34.420 and the

01:20:34.760 gulag

01:20:35.060 archipelago

01:20:35.740 that tore

01:20:36.320 off the

01:20:36.840 mask

01:20:37.280 and exposed

01:20:38.580 the feral

01:20:39.220 cowardice

01:20:39.980 envy

01:20:40.660 deceit

01:20:41.720 resentment

01:20:42.620 and hatred

01:20:43.780 for the

01:20:44.240 individual

01:20:44.700 and for

01:20:45.140 existence

01:20:45.640 itself

01:20:46.400 that pulsed

01:20:48.160 beneath

01:20:48.600 others had

01:20:51.480 made the

01:20:51.900 attempt

01:20:52.380 Malcolm

01:20:53.160 Muggeridge

01:20:53.780 reported on

01:20:54.540 the horrors

01:20:55.300 of

01:20:55.540 de-kulakization 0.99

01:20:56.780 the forced

01:20:57.660 collectivization

01:20:58.540 of the

01:20:58.940 all too

01:20:59.500 recently

01:21:00.080 successful

01:21:00.820 peasantry

01:21:01.460 of the

01:21:01.760 Ukraine

01:21:02.140 and elsewhere

01:21:02.780 that preceded

01:21:03.800 the horrifying

01:21:04.540 famines of

01:21:05.400 the 1930s

01:21:06.580 in the same

01:21:08.060 decade

01:21:08.660 and in the

01:21:09.400 following years

01:21:10.280 George Orwell

01:21:11.240 risked his

01:21:11.800 ideological

01:21:12.360 commitments

01:21:13.000 and his

01:21:13.540 reputation

01:21:14.140 to tell us

01:21:15.000 all what was

01:21:15.600 truly occurring

01:21:16.540 in the

01:21:16.880 Soviet Union

01:21:17.620 in the name

01:21:18.340 of egalitarianism

01:21:19.660 and brotherhood

01:21:20.680 but it was

01:21:22.640 Solzhenitsyn

01:21:23.280 who truly

01:21:23.900 shamed the

01:21:24.620 radical leftists

01:21:25.720 forcing them

01:21:26.640 underground

01:21:27.300 where they have

01:21:28.140 festered and

01:21:28.860 plotted for the

01:21:29.780 last 40 years

01:21:30.840 failing unforgivably

01:21:32.520 to have learned

01:21:33.420 what all reasonable

01:21:34.380 people should have

01:21:35.220 learned from the

01:21:36.120 cataclysm of the

01:21:37.140 20th century

01:21:37.960 and its egalitarian

01:21:39.480 utopianism

01:21:40.520 and today

01:21:42.580 despite everything

01:21:44.020 and under their

01:21:45.280 sway

01:21:45.800 almost three

01:21:46.860 decades since the

01:21:47.820 fall of the

01:21:48.440 Berlin Wall

01:21:49.100 and the apparent

01:21:49.800 collapse of

01:21:50.500 communism

01:21:50.980 we are doing

01:21:51.940 everything we can

01:21:52.960 to forget what

01:21:53.780 Solzhenitsyn so

01:21:54.740 clearly demonstrated

01:21:55.820 to our great

01:21:57.020 and richly

01:21:58.040 deserved peril

01:21:59.260 why don't all

01:22:01.380 our children

01:22:02.080 read the gulag

01:22:03.120 archipelago in

01:22:04.040 our high schools

01:22:04.880 as they now do

01:22:06.060 in Russia

01:22:06.620 why don't our

01:22:08.420 teachers feel

01:22:09.320 compelled to

01:22:10.440 read the book

01:22:11.100 aloud

01:22:11.600 did we not win

01:22:13.960 the cold war

01:22:14.860 were the bodies

01:22:16.400 not piled high

01:22:17.620 enough

01:22:18.020 how high

01:22:20.060 then

01:22:20.440 would be

01:22:21.380 enough

01:22:21.860 why for

01:22:25.500 example

01:22:26.000 is it still

01:22:27.080 acceptable

01:22:27.720 and in

01:22:28.520 polite company

01:22:29.400 to profess the

01:22:30.600 philosophy of a

01:22:31.460 communist

01:22:31.900 or if not that

01:22:33.100 to at least

01:22:33.800 admire the work

01:22:34.900 of Marx

01:22:35.520 why is it still

01:22:36.700 acceptable to

01:22:37.500 regard the

01:22:38.060 Marxist doctrine

01:22:38.920 as essentially

01:22:39.780 accurate in its

01:22:40.760 diagnosis of the

01:22:41.760 hypothetical evils

01:22:42.780 of the free market

01:22:43.820 democratic west

01:22:45.180 to still consider

01:22:46.900 that doctrine

01:22:47.740 progressive

01:22:48.380 and fit for the

01:22:49.580 compassionate and

01:22:50.460 proper thinking

01:22:51.320 person

01:22:52.020 25 million dead

01:22:55.600 through internal

01:22:56.600 repression in the

01:22:57.600 Soviet Union

01:22:58.440 according to the

01:22:59.760 black book of

01:23:00.560 communism

01:23:01.140 60 million dead

01:23:02.720 in Mao's China

01:23:03.620 and an all too

01:23:04.540 likely return to

01:23:05.560 autocratic oppression

01:23:06.620 in that country

01:23:07.400 in the near future

01:23:08.620 the horrors of

01:23:10.660 Cambodia's

01:23:11.420 killing fields

01:23:12.260 with their

01:23:13.000 two million

01:23:13.720 corpses

01:23:14.280 the barely

01:23:15.860 animate body

01:23:16.880 politic of

01:23:17.620 Cuba

01:23:18.100 where people

01:23:19.080 struggle even

01:23:19.920 now to feed

01:23:20.880 themselves

01:23:21.540 Venezuela

01:23:23.460 where it has

01:23:25.100 now been made

01:23:25.780 illegal to

01:23:26.760 attribute a

01:23:27.480 child's death

01:23:28.280 in hospital

01:23:29.080 to starvation

01:23:30.300 no political

01:23:33.640 experiment has

01:23:34.520 ever been tried

01:23:35.220 so widely

01:23:36.200 with so many

01:23:37.060 disparate people

01:23:38.020 in so many

01:23:38.740 different countries

01:23:39.920 with such

01:23:40.860 different histories

01:23:41.840 and failed

01:23:42.960 so absolutely

01:23:44.580 and catastrophically

01:23:45.960 is it mere

01:23:48.200 ignorance

01:23:48.860 albeit of the

01:23:50.400 most inexcusable

01:23:51.540 kind

01:23:52.080 that allows

01:23:53.460 today's Marxists

01:23:54.480 to flaunt

01:23:55.200 their continued

01:23:56.080 allegiance

01:23:56.640 to present it

01:23:57.800 as compassion

01:23:58.520 and care

01:23:59.120 or

01:24:00.780 is it instead

01:24:02.540 envy of the

01:24:03.740 successful

01:24:04.400 in near

01:24:05.260 infinite

01:24:05.940 proportions

01:24:06.640 or

01:24:07.800 something akin

01:24:08.880 to hatred

01:24:09.460 for mankind

01:24:10.160 itself

01:24:10.920 how much

01:24:13.120 proof do we

01:24:13.780 need

01:24:14.200 why do we

01:24:15.600 still avert

01:24:16.360 our eyes

01:24:17.120 from the

01:24:17.740 truth

01:24:18.160 perhaps we

01:24:21.700 simply lack

01:24:22.360 sophistication

01:24:23.320 perhaps we

01:24:24.940 just can't

01:24:25.660 understand

01:24:26.340 perhaps our

01:24:27.900 tendency toward

01:24:28.680 compassion is

01:24:29.440 so powerfully

01:24:30.280 necessary in

01:24:31.160 the intimacy

01:24:31.680 of our

01:24:32.180 families and

01:24:32.840 friendships that

01:24:33.700 we cannot

01:24:34.200 contemplate its

01:24:35.140 limitations

01:24:35.800 its inability

01:24:36.920 to scale

01:24:37.780 and its

01:24:38.760 propensity to

01:24:39.720 mutate into

01:24:40.520 hatred of the

01:24:41.480 oppressor rather

01:24:42.700 than allegiance

01:24:43.480 with the

01:24:44.020 oppressed

01:24:44.560 perhaps we

01:24:46.880 cannot comprehend

01:24:47.700 the limitations

01:24:48.460 and dangers of

01:24:49.400 the utopian

01:24:50.060 vision given

01:24:51.160 our definite

01:24:51.860 need to

01:24:52.920 contemplate and

01:24:53.840 to strive for

01:24:54.960 a better

01:24:55.360 tomorrow

01:24:55.880 we certainly

01:24:58.020 don't seem to

01:24:58.700 imagine for

01:24:59.420 example that

01:25:00.320 the hypothesis

01:25:01.000 of some

01:25:01.680 state of

01:25:02.400 future

01:25:02.740 perfection

01:25:03.340 for example

01:25:04.540 the truly

01:25:05.280 egalitarian and

01:25:06.360 permanent

01:25:06.720 brotherhood of

01:25:07.500 man can be

01:25:08.560 used to

01:25:09.000 justify any

01:25:09.960 and all

01:25:10.520 sacrifices

01:25:11.360 whatsoever

01:25:12.460 the pristine

01:25:14.000 and heavenly

01:25:14.560 end making

01:25:15.240 all conceivable

01:25:16.120 means not

01:25:17.040 only acceptable

01:25:17.960 but morally

01:25:19.060 required

01:25:19.740 there is

01:25:21.520 simply no

01:25:22.040 price too

01:25:22.580 great to pay

01:25:23.280 in pursuit of

01:25:24.080 the ultimate

01:25:24.600 utopia

01:25:25.240 and this is

01:25:26.240 particularly

01:25:26.680 true if it

01:25:27.560 is someone

01:25:28.000 else who

01:25:28.720 foots the

01:25:29.300 bill

01:25:29.600 and it is

01:25:31.980 clearly the

01:25:32.460 case that we

01:25:33.020 require a

01:25:33.720 future toward

01:25:34.440 which to

01:25:35.040 orient ourselves

01:25:35.980 to provide

01:25:36.920 meaning in

01:25:37.620 our life

01:25:38.140 psychologically

01:25:39.020 speaking

01:25:39.780 it is for

01:25:42.600 that reason we

01:25:43.400 see the same

01:25:44.100 need expressed

01:25:44.900 collectively on

01:25:46.000 a much larger

01:25:46.680 scale in the

01:25:47.680 Judeo-Christian

01:25:48.460 vision of the

01:25:49.700 promised land

01:25:50.540 and the kingdom

01:25:51.180 of heaven on

01:25:52.160 earth and it

01:25:53.240 is also clearly

01:25:54.060 the case that

01:25:54.760 sacrifice is

01:25:55.660 necessary to

01:25:56.520 bring that

01:25:56.960 desired end

01:25:57.680 state into

01:25:58.260 being that's

01:25:59.940 the discovery of

01:26:00.820 the future

01:26:01.340 itself the

01:26:02.620 necessity to

01:26:03.380 forego instantaneous

01:26:04.500 gratification in

01:26:05.680 the present to

01:26:06.800 delay to bargain

01:26:08.460 with fate so

01:26:09.460 that the future

01:26:10.120 can be better

01:26:10.920 twinned with the

01:26:12.120 necessity to let

01:26:13.240 go to burn

01:26:14.540 off to separate

01:26:16.020 wheat from

01:26:16.560 chaff and to

01:26:17.600 sacrifice what is

01:26:18.480 presently unworthy

01:26:19.540 so that tomorrow

01:26:20.520 can be better than

01:26:21.440 today but limits

01:26:24.000 need to be placed

01:26:24.820 around who or

01:26:26.160 what is deemed

01:26:27.580 dispensable and

01:26:29.840 it is exactly the

01:26:31.020 necessity for

01:26:31.780 interminable sacrifice

01:26:33.000 that constitutes the

01:26:34.200 terrible counterpart of

01:26:35.360 the utopian vision

01:26:36.460 heaven is worth any

01:26:38.760 price but who

01:26:40.880 pays

01:26:41.540 christianity solved

01:26:43.720 that problem by

01:26:44.600 insisting on the

01:26:45.460 sacrifice of the

01:26:46.420 self

01:26:46.880 insisting that the

01:26:48.580 suffering and

01:26:49.160 malevolence of the

01:26:50.040 world is the

01:26:50.560 responsibility of

01:26:51.880 each individual

01:26:52.920 insisting that

01:26:54.460 each of us

01:26:55.060 sacrifice what is

01:26:56.440 unworthy and

01:26:57.320 unnecessary and

01:26:58.440 resentful and

01:26:59.200 deadly in our

01:27:00.060 characters despite

01:27:01.440 the pain of such

01:27:02.600 sacrifice so that

01:27:04.240 we could stumble

01:27:05.120 properly uphill under

01:27:07.000 our respective and

01:27:08.020 voluntarily shouldered

01:27:09.300 existential burdens

01:27:10.720 but it was and is the

01:27:13.340 opinion of the

01:27:14.100 materialist utopians that

01:27:15.960 someone else be

01:27:16.800 sacrificed so that

01:27:18.160 heaven itself might be

01:27:19.420 attained some

01:27:20.580 perpetrator or

01:27:22.000 victimizer or

01:27:23.360 oppressor or member of

01:27:25.260 a privileged group a

01:27:27.620 cynic might be

01:27:28.380 forgiven in consequence

01:27:29.580 for asking is it the

01:27:31.720 city of god that is in

01:27:32.980 fact the aim or is the

01:27:35.120 true aim the desire to

01:27:36.600 make a burning

01:27:37.320 sacrificial pyre of 0.99

01:27:38.940 everyone and

01:27:39.640 everything and the

01:27:40.840 hypothesis of the

01:27:41.940 coming brotherhood of

01:27:42.920 man merely the cover

01:27:44.360 story the camouflage

01:27:46.220 perhaps it is precisely

01:27:48.840 the horror that is the

01:27:50.100 point and not the

01:27:51.100 utopia it is far from

01:27:53.420 obvious in such

01:27:54.400 situations just what is

01:27:56.280 horse and what is

01:27:57.660 cart it is precisely in

01:27:59.700 the aftermath of the

01:28:00.720 death of a hundred

01:28:01.440 million people or more

01:28:02.820 that such dark

01:28:03.980 questions must be

01:28:05.100 asked and we should

01:28:06.980 also note that the

01:28:08.060 utopian vision dressed

01:28:09.780 as it is inevitably in

01:28:11.300 compassion is a

01:28:12.520 temptation particularly

01:28:13.960 difficult to resist and

01:28:15.900 may therefore offer a

01:28:17.080 particularly subtle and

01:28:18.620 insidious justification for

01:28:20.500 mayhem here's some

01:28:23.160 thoughts no some facts

01:28:26.700 every social system

01:28:29.040 produces inequality at

01:28:30.580 present and every social

01:28:32.140 system has done so since

01:28:33.960 the beginning of time the

01:28:36.120 poor have been with us and

01:28:38.160 will be with us always

01:28:39.980 analysis of the content of

01:28:42.820 individual paleolithic

01:28:44.160 grave sites provides

01:28:45.520 evidence for the existence

01:28:46.860 of substantive variants in

01:28:48.860 the distribution of

01:28:49.820 ability privilege and wealth

01:28:52.020 even in our distant past

01:28:53.940 the more illustrious of our

01:28:56.740 ancestors were buried with

01:28:58.280 great possessions hordes of

01:29:00.360 precious metals weaponry

01:29:01.980 jewelry and costuming the

01:29:04.920 majority however struggled

01:29:06.340 through their lives and were

01:29:07.920 buried with nothing

01:29:08.920 inequality is the iron rule

01:29:11.880 even among animals with their

01:29:13.940 intense competition for

01:29:15.480 quality living space and

01:29:17.220 reproductive opportunity

01:29:18.600 even among plants and

01:29:21.220 cities even among the stellar

01:29:23.380 lights that dot the cosmos

01:29:24.880 themselves where a minority of

01:29:26.920 privileged and oppressive

01:29:28.020 heavenly bodies contain the mass of

01:29:30.100 thousands millions or even

01:29:32.420 billions of average

01:29:33.760 dispossessed planets

01:29:35.360 inequality is the deepest of

01:29:37.620 problems built into the

01:29:39.180 structure of reality itself

01:29:40.680 and will not be solved by the

01:29:42.580 presumptuous ideology inspired

01:29:44.920 retooling of the rare free

01:29:47.340 stable and productive

01:29:48.920 democracies of the world

01:29:50.460 the only systems that have

01:29:53.040 produced some modicum of wealth

01:29:54.840 along with the inevitable

01:29:56.520 inequality and its

01:29:57.840 attendance along with the

01:30:00.420 inevitable inequality and its

01:30:02.160 attendance suffering

01:30:03.180 the only systems that have

01:30:06.860 produced some modicum of wealth

01:30:08.720 along with the inevitable

01:30:10.120 inequality and its attendance

01:30:11.740 suffering are those that

01:30:13.120 evolved in the West with their

01:30:14.920 roots in the Judeo-Christian

01:30:16.280 tradition precisely those systems

01:30:18.760 that emphasize above all the

01:30:20.320 essential dignity divinity and

01:30:22.660 ultimate responsibility of the

01:30:24.500 individual in consequence any

01:30:27.420 attempt to attribute the

01:30:28.680 existence of inequality to the

01:30:30.400 functioning of the productive

01:30:31.520 institutions we have managed to

01:30:33.440 create and protect so recently in

01:30:35.920 what is still accurately regarded as

01:30:37.800 the free world will hurt those who are 1.00

01:30:39.900 weakest and most vulnerable first

01:30:42.240 the radicals who conflate the

01:30:44.760 activities of the West with the

01:30:46.540 oppression of the downtrodden

01:30:48.060 therefore do nothing to aid those whom

01:30:50.260 they purport to prize and plenty to

01:30:52.640 harm them

01:30:53.180 the claims they make to act under the

01:30:55.860 inspiration of pure compassion must

01:30:58.080 therefore come to be regarded with the

01:30:59.880 deepest suspicion not least by those

01:31:02.840 who dare to make such claims

01:31:04.520 themselves

01:31:05.500 the dangers of the utopian vision have

01:31:08.980 been laid bare even if the reasons

01:31:11.260 those dangers exist have not yet been

01:31:13.340 fully and acceptably articulated if there

01:31:16.200 is any excuse to be a Marxist in 1917 and

01:31:20.340 both Dostoevsky and Nietzsche prophesied

01:31:22.800 well before then that there would be

01:31:24.580 hell to pay for that doctrine there is

01:31:26.780 absolutely and finally no excuse now

01:31:29.460 and we know that mostly because of

01:31:32.200 Alexander Solzhenitsyn and the gulag

01:31:34.620 archipelago thank heaven for that great

01:31:38.020 author's outrage courage and unquenchable

01:31:41.360 thirst for justice and truth it was

01:31:44.660 Solzhenitsyn who warned us that the

01:31:46.380 catastrophes of the Soviet state were

01:31:48.680 inextricably and causally linked to the

01:31:51.480 deceitful blandishments of the Marxist

01:31:53.940 utopian vision it was Solzhenitsyn who

01:31:58.200 carefully documented the price paid in

01:32:00.360 suffering for the dreadful communist

01:32:02.220 experiment and who distilled from that

01:32:04.520 suffering the wisdom we must all heed so

01:32:07.080 that such catastrophe does not visit us

01:32:09.320 again

01:32:09.700 perhaps we could take from his writing

01:32:13.580 the humility that would allow us to

01:32:15.560 understand that our mere good intentions

01:32:17.820 are not sufficient to make us good men

01:32:20.620 and women perhaps we could take from his 0.95

01:32:23.740 writing the humility that would allow us

01:32:26.500 to understand that our mere good

01:32:29.000 intentions are not sufficient to make us

01:32:31.640 good men and women perhaps we could come

01:32:34.420 to understand that such intentions are

01:32:36.520 instead all too often the consequence of

01:32:39.400 our unpardonable historical ignorance our

01:32:42.220 utter willful blindness and our voracious

01:32:45.000 hidden appetite for vengeance terror and

01:32:47.800 destruction perhaps we could come to

01:32:51.400 remember and to learn from the

01:32:52.920 intolerable trials endured by all those who

01:32:55.880 passed through the fiery chambers of the

01:32:57.880 Marxist collectivist ideology perhaps we could

01:33:02.760 derive from that remembering and learning the

01:33:04.920 wisdom necessary to take personal

01:33:06.680 responsibility for the suffering and

01:33:09.180 malevolence that still so terribly and

01:33:11.800 unforgivably and unforgivably characterizes the

01:33:14.600 world we have been provided with the means to

01:33:18.600 transform ourselves in due humility by the

01:33:22.440 literary and moral genius of this great Russian

01:33:25.320 author we should also pray most devoutly to

01:33:28.600 whatever deity guides us implicitly or explicitly for

01:33:32.600 the desire and the will to learn from what we have been offered may God

01:33:37.720 may God himself eternally fail to forgive us if in the

01:33:41.560 painstakingly revealed aftermath of such bloodshed

01:33:45.400 torture and anguish we remain stiff-necked

01:33:49.800 incautious and unchanged

01:33:53.640 I really hope you enjoyed this podcast if you did

01:33:56.200 please let a friend know or leave a review

01:33:58.360 talk to you next week

01:34:10.040 you

The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - October 18, 2020

141. Foreword to The Gulag Archipelago： 50th Anniversary

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