The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast


260. Beyond Order: Rule 1 - Do Not Carelessly Denigrate Social Institutions or Creative Achievement


Summary

Rule 1: Do not carelessly denigrate social institutions or creative achievement. This episode is a compilation of every single rule in Beyond Order by Steven Pinker, Jonathan Haidt, Ben Shapiro, and more. This episode discusses Rule 1, "Do not casually denigrate Social Institutions or Creative Achievement." This rule is from the first chapter of Beyond Order, which is titled "Do Not Carelessly Denigrate Social Institutions and Creative Achievement: A Handbook for a Creative Mind." It is written by the author of the book, "Beyond Order: A Guide to a Creative Life" and is available for purchase in Kindle, iBook, Paperback, Hardcover, and Audio Book format. If you don't have a Kindle device, you can download a free eReader app from Amazon so you can read the entire book on any laptop, desktop, smartphone, or tablet device, free of charge. Kindle $9.99, or buy it for 99.99 at amazon.com/beyondorder. iBook $99.99. Kindle Free eReader is Free with an Audible membership trial, which includes unlimited eReader membership and access to all other third-party and podcasting services such as Audible, and Audible free of course, Audible. Audible is Free for Audible memberships! Kindle Free with Audible $9,99, Kindle Free, or Audible Free, $99, $24.95, and Vimeo Free, Free, & Audible 4 Provenible Free. Audio Book is Free! Book Recommendation is Free, too! Music: "Novelist Book: "Book Recommendation" by John Chamberlain or "Book recommendation: "The Best of Myths and Legends" by John Chamberlain, by and All Rights Reserved Recorded Recorded in Los Angeles, CA, $19.99 Copyright 2019 by Pondels, Inc., Published in 2019 Download Free on All Previous Podcast Epilogue (Coming Soon . Learn more about John Chamberlain and his new book: "Beyond order" Available in Kindle Freebie: "The Art of the Creative Mind" and Other Goodness and Goodness (Coming soon, $5,000, $6,000 , $7,500, $895,00,00


Transcript

00:00:01.000 Hey everyone, real quick before you skip, I want to talk to you about something serious and important.
00:00:06.000 Dr. Jordan Peterson has created a new series that could be a lifeline for those battling depression and anxiety.
00:00:12.000 We know how isolating and overwhelming these conditions can be, and we wanted to take a moment to reach out to those listening who may be struggling.
00:00:19.000 With decades of experience helping patients, Dr. Peterson offers a unique understanding of why you might be feeling this way in his new series.
00:00:27.000 He provides a roadmap towards healing, showing that while the journey isn't easy, it's absolutely possible to find your way forward.
00:00:35.000 If you're suffering, please know you are not alone. There's hope, and there's a path to feeling better.
00:00:41.000 Go to Daily Wire Plus now and start watching Dr. Jordan B. Peterson on depression and anxiety.
00:00:47.000 Let this be the first step towards the brighter future you deserve.
00:00:52.000 Welcome to episode 260 of the JBP podcast. I'm Michaela Peterson.
00:00:59.000 We've created a compilation episode for every rule in Beyond Order.
00:01:03.000 So this episode discusses rule one, do not carelessly denigrate social institutions or creative achievement, and features Steven Pinker, Jonathan Haidt, Ben Shapiro, and more.
00:01:14.000 I've also released my 150th episode on YouTube featuring my dad.
00:01:20.000 If you want to check it out, look it up on YouTube.
00:01:23.000 He talks about his response to the recent Sports Illustrated cover on there and more.
00:01:28.000 Without further ado, please enjoy rule one of our Beyond Order series.
00:01:32.000 Rule one, do not carelessly denigrate social institutions or creative achievement.
00:01:59.000 This paragraph is from a section entitled, What Should We Point To?
00:02:04.000 It is worth considering deeply just how necessity limits the universe of viable solutions and implementable plans.
00:02:13.000 First, a plan must in principle solve some genuine problem.
00:02:19.000 Second, it must appeal to others, often in the face of competing plans, or those others will not cooperate and might well object.
00:02:30.000 If I value something, therefore, I must determine how to value it so that others potentially benefit.
00:02:38.000 It cannot just be good for me. It must be good for me and the people around me.
00:02:44.000 And even that is not enough.
00:02:46.000 Which means that there are even more constraints on how the world must be perceived and acted upon.
00:02:51.000 The manner in which I view and value the world, integrally associated with the plans I am making, has to work for me, my family, and the broader community.
00:03:02.000 Furthermore, it needs to work today in a manner that does not make a worse hash of tomorrow, next week, next month, and next year, even the next decade or century.
00:03:13.000 A good solution to an important problem must be repeatable, without deterioration across repetitions.
00:03:20.000 Iterable, in a word, across people and across time.
00:03:24.000 These universal constraints, manifest biologically and imposed socially, reduce the complexity of the world to something approximating a universally understandable domain of value.
00:03:37.000 This is exceptionally important.
00:03:40.000 Although there are an unlimited number of problems, as well as an unlimited number of potential solutions,
00:03:47.000 there are a comparatively limited number of solutions that work practically, psychologically, and socially simultaneously.
00:03:57.000 The fact of limited solutions implies the existence of something like a natural ethic, variable, perhaps, as human languages are variable,
00:04:07.000 but still characterized by something solid and universally recognizable at its base.
00:04:13.000 It is the reality of this natural ethic that makes thoughtless denigration of social institutions both wrong and dangerous.
00:04:21.000 Wrong and dangerous because those institutions have evolved to solve problems that must be solved for life to continue.
00:04:29.000 They are by no means perfect, but making them better rather than worse is a tricky problem indeed.
00:04:36.000 Well, so this book, the first chapter is do not casually denigrate social institutions or creative achievement.
00:04:46.000 And I picked that quite carefully because, again, the liberal types are more likely to criticize social institutions.
00:04:52.000 You don't want to do that casually because they structure things and protect you in a way that you are likely not even aware of.
00:05:04.000 And the conservative always says, look, be careful when you change something because you're changing a bunch of things and you don't know what's going to happen.
00:05:11.000 So be careful. But social institutions can become corrupt even just as a consequence of aging.
00:05:18.000 And so they have to be updated. So they can't stay static.
00:05:21.000 But that doesn't mean you shouldn't respect them.
00:05:23.000 And then creative achievements on the other side and conservatives, for example, they have a harder time with open people, creative people.
00:05:31.000 You know, the best personality predictor of liberalism is high openness, which is a creativity dimension.
00:05:37.000 Well, it's easy to dismiss art, for example, as especially if it doesn't exactly speak to you.
00:05:46.000 But it's through artistic endeavors, through creative achievement that the process of update occurs.
00:05:51.000 And so regardless of your political temperament, you need to see these these forces.
00:05:59.000 You need to see the value in these forces and have some respect for them.
00:06:03.000 I think what happens if you get educated, hopefully, is that you get educated beyond the confines of your temperament.
00:06:11.000 So so so that's why I thought you're the ordering.
00:06:15.000 It's so interesting that you said you intentionally, of course, you intentionally did it.
00:06:19.000 But that so do not carelessly denigrate social institutions or creative achievements.
00:06:22.000 So that's chapter one. And I thought it was interesting because, you know, one of the things that I've been talking about for the last couple of years, but especially in the last year.
00:06:30.000 And our friend Ben Shapiro wrote a whole book about it is the disintegration of so many of our institutions.
00:06:36.000 And that I think the great debate right now is can some of these institutions survive or do we need all new institutions?
00:06:45.000 Now, I know you're talking about social institutions, not just academic institutions or, you know, we're talking about cultural institutions.
00:06:52.000 What do you what do you what do you feel in that in that argument, whether can some things just be left to disintegrate and we rebuild or do we do we constantly end up in a destruction and a rebirth?
00:07:08.000 Because right now we're watching so many institutions just just crumble.
00:07:12.000 Well, I tend to start local when I'm thinking, you know, so the because it simplifies things.
00:07:18.000 Well, the first institution is the sovereign individual. We don't want to let that crumble.
00:07:23.000 And the more that you're able to live in a relationship with truth, I would say the better job you're doing of protecting your integrity as a sovereign individual, start with that.
00:07:37.000 It would be a shame to lose the family.
00:07:41.000 People derive a tremendous amount of the meaning of their life from their family and then those intense relationships.
00:07:49.000 I don't think we can get beyond that.
00:07:52.000 I think you have to knit your family together to the best of your ability.
00:07:58.000 And I know I know that people often have terribly fractured families, but we don't have a good substitute for that.
00:08:04.000 You need to exist in relationship to your culture. You need a job or a career or something like that.
00:08:13.000 We need political institutions.
00:08:15.000 I think part of the problem, of course, is that everything is changing so rapidly that it's very difficult to say what should be kept and what shouldn't be.
00:08:28.000 Yeah.
00:08:29.000 And we're not in control of it to some degree as well.
00:08:32.000 I mean, there's an all-out assault on the integrity of cultural structures, but there's also a technological assault on everything.
00:08:41.000 And so what do you do in a situation like that?
00:08:45.000 Well, I think my sense is you revert to the individual.
00:08:49.000 How much of this-
00:08:51.000 You try to make better people.
00:08:52.000 How much of this do you think has to do with the speed?
00:08:55.000 Because actually, I remember on sort of the last maybe quarter of the tour, one of the things that you talked about a lot was how the internet was changing us.
00:09:03.000 How the speed of information was changing us.
00:09:05.000 How you as a random person, no matter where you are in the world, you might be able to send out a tweet or create a meme that could change the world like that.
00:09:16.000 So how much do you think the speed is all part of this in ways that were literally unimaginable three decades ago?
00:09:23.000 I think it's a tremendous part of it.
00:09:25.000 We don't know what to do with any of the new technologies that we've produced.
00:09:28.000 And by the time we adapt to them, they'll have transformed into something completely different.
00:09:32.000 So, you know, my kids are in their late 20s and they're more a part of the internet generation than I am.
00:09:45.000 But they're being supplanted in their knowledge by younger people already.
00:09:51.000 They can both feel it.
00:09:53.000 It's changing unbelievably quickly.
00:09:56.000 So that puts a tremendous amount of stress on everyone.
00:10:02.000 When you talk about the creative achievement part of this, one of the things I've been thinking about lately is that I don't remember the last time I heard a new musician that I really loved or saw a piece of art that was new that I really loved.
00:10:17.000 You know, it seems so rare because of what's happened with cancel culture that the people that should be showing us things are not showing them.
00:10:28.000 What do we do about that?
00:10:30.000 Like, how do we make the artists brave again?
00:10:32.000 How do we make the people who will give us the creative achievement, how do we make them see that star again?
00:10:38.000 Well, you do, you do whatever you can by example.
00:10:42.000 That's the best, that's the best you've got.
00:10:46.000 You know, so hopefully you try to bring integrity to your, to your endeavors.
00:10:52.000 And hopefully that has a salutary effect.
00:10:55.000 You don't have a, you don't have a better option than that.
00:10:58.000 This was the first rule.
00:11:00.000 The first rule, yeah.
00:11:01.000 Do not carelessly denigrate social institutions or creative achievement.
00:11:05.000 And I sent out suggestions, right?
00:11:08.000 I, the suggestion was the, uh, a tarot card.
00:11:12.000 Yeah.
00:11:13.000 You sent one tarot card from the rider deck.
00:11:15.000 I believe it was the rider deck.
00:11:17.000 So, uh, I would create that.
00:11:19.000 And then I would just start searching the web and that could be a photo.
00:11:26.000 That could be part of the painting.
00:11:28.000 I would just collect in very chaotic way, very neurotic and chaotic for three, four hours.
00:11:35.000 I'll just pick up the stuff.
00:11:38.000 Everything I see, everything I see useful, everything I see fit, I would collect.
00:11:43.000 Then I see a plain page that is scary.
00:11:47.000 And I knew that I'm going to see 12.
00:11:51.000 Not one.
00:11:52.000 Usually I see one.
00:11:54.000 I would have to deal with 12.
00:11:56.000 And I knew I can't do it.
00:11:58.000 But usually I'll drop myself into the well.
00:12:01.000 I'll just drop myself into something impossible and see if I can survive.
00:12:05.000 That's what I do.
00:12:08.000 So I photo montage this out of pieces, just like the mosaic.
00:12:15.000 That's why, that's why I spoke of, uh, making a mosaic from center out.
00:12:21.000 I would find the heart of the image and I'll work towards the edges.
00:12:27.000 Then I'll have to flawlessly integrate them into each other.
00:12:31.000 There are probably hundreds.
00:12:34.000 Yeah.
00:12:35.000 There is a hundred pieces here from all sorts of sources.
00:12:38.000 And why did you decide to use a photo montage rather than draw?
00:12:43.000 My thing.
00:12:45.000 It's my thing.
00:12:46.000 He told me, just do your thing.
00:12:47.000 I see.
00:12:48.000 Okay.
00:12:49.000 That's how you see things.
00:12:50.000 Okay.
00:12:51.000 So show, bring the image up again.
00:12:54.000 Let me, let me make some comments about it.
00:12:56.000 And I can tell you.
00:12:57.000 Okay.
00:12:58.000 So, um, I like the melody of the main figure.
00:13:05.000 There, there, there's something musical about it and about the way that I guess it's the,
00:13:12.000 it's the lines of the standing figure and the dog and the butterfly.
00:13:17.000 I, it, it fits harmoniously together and you, you got it right to have him looking up into
00:13:23.000 the sky, like he's preoccupied.
00:13:25.000 And even though he's hypothetically about to step off this clip cliff, the way that you
00:13:34.000 produce, this is similar to the way that I write because I collect all sorts of things.
00:13:39.000 And then I array them and then I edit them and edit them and edit them and edit them until
00:13:44.000 I, and until I can't edit them anymore.
00:13:46.000 And then I'm done.
00:13:48.000 Um, so when I saw this, the first thing I, I believe I thought was that it was beautiful.
00:13:55.000 And that, that, that was a necessary criteria for, for, for my satisfaction.
00:14:04.000 Um, and it was, there's nothing about your drawings that are foolish or trivial.
00:14:13.000 And so, and I liked the classic element.
00:14:17.000 And so when I saw this, while I was very happy, I thought, well, that'll be a beautiful addition
00:14:22.000 to the, to the book.
00:14:26.000 So you sent the fool.
00:14:28.000 You're speaking my language.
00:14:30.000 First of all, every word to word.
00:14:32.000 That's exactly how I feel.
00:14:33.000 I had to create shape wise, something harmonious, perfectly harmonious.
00:14:39.000 It has to be balanced out perfectly.
00:14:44.000 Otherwise it's junk.
00:14:47.000 And when that's very difficult to do, you see people often when they make a portrait,
00:14:51.000 even very talented people can't array the multiple.
00:14:54.000 If there's multiple figures, they can't array the multiple figures together so that they
00:14:59.000 look either like they're dancing.
00:15:02.000 Let's say like they're related to each other properly.
00:15:05.000 They look like separate figures sort of stuck on a page.
00:15:08.000 And certainly that isn't the case with your illustration of the fool.
00:15:13.000 And.
00:15:14.000 Often people would ask me, um, who I'm inspired by.
00:15:21.000 No one.
00:15:22.000 They would not believe me.
00:15:24.000 Uh, it's definitely look like that.
00:15:26.000 Or it's definitely look like door.
00:15:28.000 Well, it's definitely look like this guy.
00:15:30.000 And the guy is definitely look like my brother.
00:15:33.000 It's none of those things.
00:15:34.000 I never get inspired by visuals.
00:15:37.000 I get inspired by music.
00:15:39.000 Uh huh.
00:15:40.000 So here we come a full circle because I always knew that I have to choose either music or
00:15:46.000 drawings.
00:15:47.000 Two things.
00:15:48.000 I knew I have to choose because when you're little grownups would say, what do you want
00:15:55.000 to be when you grow up?
00:15:56.000 When you grow up?
00:15:57.000 Which implies you have to choose.
00:15:59.000 And I didn't want to choose.
00:16:01.000 Well, it's so interesting that you think of your drawings.
00:16:06.000 Yeah.
00:16:07.000 Yeah.
00:16:08.000 Yeah.
00:16:09.000 Yeah.
00:16:10.000 And that's how they struck you the word to word.
00:16:13.000 So what I do is I put my music and I work only to music, nothing else.
00:16:19.000 I have no ideas.
00:16:20.000 And I'm trying to turn my head off.
00:16:23.000 I'm not thinking during this chaotic picking.
00:16:28.000 I have to analyze like good, bad, bad, bad.
00:16:31.000 Right.
00:16:32.000 But then when it's all done, it's pretty much like, um, what actors do master actors with
00:16:41.000 method acting.
00:16:42.000 They just collected all this information.
00:16:44.000 Yeah.
00:16:45.000 Oh, everything about they dressed up and they just being, and I can't control this.
00:16:50.000 When I attach those things, I'm just, I'm just the tool.
00:16:53.000 I can't think once I started thinking I'm ruined.
00:16:58.000 Right.
00:16:59.000 Well, yeah, you thinking is perhaps reserved for critical judgment rather than creative
00:17:07.000 production.
00:17:08.000 Yeah.
00:17:09.000 You have to open yourself up to a kind of attention.
00:17:12.000 And it's interesting that, you know, you say you, you collected a very large number of
00:17:17.000 items to work with its initial overproduction followed by selection.
00:17:22.000 And that's another thing useful for people who are listening to this or watching it might
00:17:27.000 want to know, like when I write, I write way more than I keep.
00:17:32.000 And then I can select.
00:17:33.000 And so I don't constrain myself to begin with.
00:17:35.000 I can write down whatever I want, knowing full well that I'm going to modify it or throw
00:17:39.000 much of it away.
00:17:42.000 So I sent, like I had images in mind, photographs, paintings that captured the theme of what I wanted
00:17:50.000 to portray in the illustration for the chapter.
00:17:53.000 And so as we progressed through the 12, I had sent an image or two or three, perhaps, I
00:18:00.000 don't exactly remember, that sort of hinted at what I was looking for.
00:18:04.000 And so then you worked off that initial suggestion.
00:18:09.000 But you produced something that was in that vein, but not by any means the same thing.
00:18:17.000 Mm hmm.
00:18:18.000 So let's go through.
00:18:19.000 Let's go.
00:18:20.000 Let's show everybody the illustrations one by one and talk about each of them.
00:18:24.000 So we saw number one, the full.
00:18:27.000 Yeah.
00:18:28.000 I had much more.
00:18:29.000 Obviously, I had much more.
00:18:31.000 I had mountains.
00:18:32.000 I had excess stuff.
00:18:33.000 And I always minimize it.
00:18:36.000 Not necessary.
00:18:37.000 Out.
00:18:38.000 Not necessary.
00:18:39.000 Out.
00:18:40.000 In rule number one, don't denigrate social institutions or creative accomplishment.
00:18:47.000 Reading that title, I didn't realize what you meant until I read the chapter.
00:18:51.000 And what that is ultimately, and correct me if I misstate anything, but cultural institutions
00:18:58.000 are the order.
00:18:59.000 They're the stability and the creative.
00:19:02.000 They're what you're granted.
00:19:03.000 There are these identities that are handed to you ready made.
00:19:07.000 And thank God for that.
00:19:09.000 Marriage is one.
00:19:11.000 It's like, well, you can critique marriage.
00:19:14.000 Fine.
00:19:15.000 But what game are you going to play?
00:19:19.000 Try coming up with some.
00:19:21.000 Try coming up with one on your own.
00:19:23.000 Maybe you can.
00:19:24.000 Maybe you're like avant-garde Picasso.
00:19:26.000 Maybe you are.
00:19:27.000 And maybe you have a right to make your own arrangement.
00:19:31.000 Maybe you have the psychological fortitude to craft your own social institution.
00:19:38.000 But I bloody well wouldn't count on it.
00:19:41.000 You're lucky that there's such a thing as a job or better yet a career.
00:19:47.000 You're lucky that there's such a thing as friendship, as marriage.
00:19:51.000 All of these social institutions.
00:19:58.000 And when you criticize them, Nietzsche put as one question of conscience, and I think
00:20:04.000 it's in Twilight of the Idols, whether you're a leader or whether you're running away, you're
00:20:08.000 outside the pack and moving in a different direction in either case.
00:20:12.000 You know, are you a rebel because you can't fit in?
00:20:17.000 Or are you a rebel because you could fit in, but you see a better way?
00:20:22.000 It's like, people in that category are not that common.
00:20:25.000 And the first question of conscience should be, well, which of those two are you?
00:20:29.000 It's highly probable that you're the first one and not the second.
00:20:33.000 Because that would mean you'd be intensely disciplined plus creative on that dimension.
00:20:41.000 Maybe that is you and God and we need you, you know, like you're an avatar of the savior
00:20:46.000 under those circumstances.
00:20:50.000 And maybe everyone has some of that in them.
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00:23:41.000 The first rule that you talk about, Jordan, is not to carelessly denigrate social institutions
00:23:45.000 or creative achievement.
00:23:46.000 And here, this is really a post-partisan message.
00:23:49.000 It's a recognition that conservatives' respect for tradition, respect for the past is really
00:23:54.000 a respect for institutions that have been built up over the course of thousands of years
00:23:58.000 in conjunction with an increasingly good understanding of human nature.
00:24:03.000 And that has to be balanced with a recognition that we can't get so tied up in these rules
00:24:09.000 that it becomes impossible to extricate ourselves from them.
00:24:11.000 We can't fossilize these rules and turn them into something that is unchangeable in any way.
00:24:18.000 In essence, we should be cautious about changing the rules of society.
00:24:21.000 They should be changeable, so we shouldn't obliterate them.
00:24:23.000 But you have to know the rules of the game before you can change the rules of the game.
00:24:27.000 If you're playing Calvin Ball in Calvin and Hobbes and the rules of the game change every second,
00:24:33.000 that's not a game anymore.
00:24:34.000 That's just an exercise of power.
00:24:36.000 But you also have to recognize that sometimes the rules do have to change.
00:24:38.000 How do you balance those two things?
00:24:39.000 Well, I think the first thing you do is vow to tell the truth so that you don't foul yourself up.
00:24:47.000 And then I think you pay attention to what manifests itself to you as meaningful.
00:24:53.000 Because I think that meaning, I literally think, and I think this empirically as well as spiritually, let's say,
00:25:00.000 I believe that the instinct of meaning signifies the optimal information processing function of the nervous system.
00:25:10.000 So when you're balanced properly between order and novelty, or order and chaos,
00:25:17.000 that that manifests itself to you as deep engagement.
00:25:22.000 And that's a signal.
00:25:24.000 And it's not merely cognitive, it's way deeper than that.
00:25:27.000 It's a signal that you're in the right place doing the right thing at the right time.
00:25:32.000 And everyone wants that.
00:25:34.000 And everyone wants that all the time.
00:25:37.000 Images of paradise are representations of that state of being.
00:25:42.000 So it's there for you.
00:25:44.000 But there are preconditions.
00:25:47.000 And one of the preconditions is that you strive to do the best.
00:25:55.000 To aim at the best.
00:25:57.000 And that has to be your fundamental ethos.
00:25:59.000 And it's a decision that despite all of the calamities of being, that your primary ethical obligation is to work for the betterment of yourself and others.
00:26:14.000 And that's a very complex decision because there's so much of you that's twisted and turned against existence itself because of its suffering and complexity.
00:26:24.000 It's very hard to get your head straight about that.
00:26:27.000 And so you get warped and twisted by resentment and deceit and temptations of various sorts.
00:26:34.000 So that has to be straightened out so that you are aiming in the right direction.
00:26:39.000 And once you manage that, or perhaps in conjunction with that, you have to watch what you say.
00:26:47.000 You have to say what you believe to be true.
00:26:50.000 Not because you're trying to accomplish something specific with what you're saying, but because you're attempting to represent what's happening in front of you as accurately as you possibly can and let go of the consequences.
00:27:05.000 And so, and then you search for this, you search for this, you search for the engagement that that produces.
00:27:15.000 And this is one of the things I love about long form podcasts is that when a conversation takes off properly and it's dynamic and unscripted, both of the participants are striving to keep that sense of engagement constantly at play.
00:27:32.000 And if they do that, then the conversation is engaging and deep and gets as deep as the people involved can manage.
00:27:38.000 And they'll pull the entire audience along for the ride.
00:27:41.000 And everyone is thrilled about that.
00:27:43.000 That's logos.
00:27:44.000 That's the manifestation of logos.
00:27:46.000 And it's deeply meaningful.
00:27:48.000 There's nothing more meaningful than that.
00:27:50.000 And that's a sign that you've got that balance right.
00:27:54.000 You want to be there all the time.
00:27:56.000 That's the goal is to be there all the time.
00:27:58.000 Of course, that's a lofty goal and very difficult to attain, but that's the end game.
00:28:06.000 First of all, let's not get too casually critical about the idea of conformity.
00:28:12.000 I cover that in chapter one, do not casually denigrate social institutions or creative achievement.
00:28:18.000 It's like, it's really hard to get everybody on the same page.
00:28:22.000 And it's really hard to get everybody to conform, especially when they're doing it voluntarily.
00:28:27.000 And there is not much difference between that and peace.
00:28:32.000 And if you don't think that that's a good thing, then you should think really hard about failed states,
00:28:38.000 where no one's on the same page and you get an instant proliferation of warring gangs of armed thugs.
00:28:45.000 And if you think the utopians are going to win the armed thug battle, you've got another thing coming.
00:28:52.000 Yeah.
00:28:53.000 Because they'll be the first ones on the chopping block.
00:28:55.000 And so, you know, you're a comedian and an open person and not likely to have a great taste in some ways for pure conformity.
00:29:06.000 And I'm someone who enjoys artistic creation and revolutionary ideas.
00:29:14.000 But by the same token, I'm not someone who despises conformity, you know.
00:29:21.000 Well, you said in the book, I mean, you said that we're always going to have as humans, we're always going to be searching for revolutionary ideas.
00:29:27.000 It's something that is constantly the way that we've always been.
00:29:32.000 And it's the way of like just a liberal way of thinking is to keep moving forward and progress and try things that are new and want to do that.
00:29:41.000 But I just feel like you have to have a foundation of comfort to be able to do that from because some of that is a luxury of being comfortable.
00:29:52.000 Or at least being stable enough.
00:29:54.000 Oh, a tremendous amount of ideas.
00:29:56.000 And to feel at all.
00:29:58.000 And when things get really uncomfortable, that feels a lot scarier place to be creative from almost.
00:30:04.000 Well, the first thing we should point out is that being a conformist isn't the highest of moral virtues, but being unable to conform is worse.
00:30:16.000 Now, refusing to conform, that's in a different category.
00:30:19.000 You might have valid reasons, especially if you're exceptional.
00:30:22.000 And, you know, you could say, well, virtually everyone is exceptional in some regard and should perhaps not be conformist there.
00:30:31.000 And we could say, fine, but the rest of the 95% of them should go along with the crowd because that's going along with peace.
00:30:41.000 And we also don't ever want to confuse the inability to conform with the ability to produce revolutionary ideas.
00:30:51.000 Because just because you can't conform or are rejected doesn't mean you're a genius.
00:30:56.000 What it most likely means is that you're just incapable.
00:31:00.000 And then you're going to be highly motivated to confuse your incapability with creativity.
00:31:06.000 And that's not helpful.
00:31:08.000 And then you pointed out something that's also very important.
00:31:11.000 Just how many dimensions do you want to be exceptional on anyways?
00:31:16.000 Because, you know, you're a comedian and you have to take substantial risk to do that.
00:31:21.000 And it's quite threatening.
00:31:22.000 It wouldn't be such a bad idea if the rest of your life was, well, maybe secure enough to allow you to tolerate that.
00:31:29.000 Yeah.
00:31:30.000 Yeah, to have some more sense of, yeah, like, I guess I worry on like a bigger like picture as a nation that like if we start to like, if the fabric of some of the textile of the past, if some of the tapestry kind of, I guess, or tapestry of the past starts to come apart.
00:31:48.000 Like I'm all for making new tapestry, but I just feel like I just get scared.
00:31:54.000 I don't know if I feel, but it's more a fear.
00:31:57.000 I get scared that if we do that, that things could just tear and I just don't know what's going to happen.
00:32:04.000 I guess I'm just, I'm scared a little bit.
00:32:06.000 I don't know what the future of this country that I live in looks like.
00:32:11.000 And I used to feel like I had a little bit better idea, but I don't know if the idea of what I thought it looked like was just a comfort based upon like my skin tone and growing up with at least food in my house.
00:32:29.000 You know, I, you know, some stuff like that.
00:32:31.000 I just don't know if, I don't know if maybe my idea was just a luxury or something.
00:32:36.000 I don't know.
00:32:37.000 Do you know what I'm kind of saying a little bit?
00:32:39.000 I'm just kind of scared.
00:32:40.000 Yes.
00:32:41.000 Well, I think that's a question.
00:32:42.000 That's a question that everybody's being driven to answer, partly because there's intense moral pressure to ask yourself that question, you know, to what degree was your privilege unearned?
00:32:52.000 Well, there's an easy answer to that, actually.
00:32:56.000 Lots of it.
00:32:57.000 Yeah.
00:32:58.000 But the same holds true with virtually everyone else.
00:33:00.000 Yeah.
00:33:01.000 You know, and so who's, who's got privilege depends a lot on what group you're willing to use as a comparison.
00:33:11.000 Yeah.
00:33:12.000 Yeah.
00:33:13.000 So even impoverished people in, in North America are rich by world standards.
00:33:22.000 Yeah.
00:33:23.000 Yeah.
00:33:24.000 They're in the top 1%, generally speaking.
00:33:26.000 And they're certainly in the top 1% by historical standards.
00:33:30.000 The problem with, with hammering home the idea of undeserved privilege is that there's no one who can't be crucified on that particular cross.
00:33:42.000 Right.
00:33:43.000 You know, unless you're born naked in the middle of a field with nothing.
00:33:47.000 Yeah.
00:33:48.000 Everyone is the undeserved recipient of, of the fruits of the past.
00:33:53.000 Right.
00:33:54.000 The fact that you have a mother is, is a privilege.
00:33:57.000 Yeah.
00:33:58.000 You didn't earn that.
00:33:59.000 And so when you say you deserve nothing because of your privilege, what makes you so sure you're not saying that to everyone for all time?
00:34:09.000 In which case no one ever gets anything that they are, that they can have for their own.
00:34:15.000 Right.
00:34:16.000 So it's a very dangerous game.
00:34:18.000 It's never ending.
00:34:19.000 Well, I don't see where it can end.
00:34:21.000 It's not, it's not obvious because imagine each person is multiple, has multiple identities.
00:34:26.000 That's intersectionality.
00:34:28.000 We all have multiple identities.
00:34:31.000 You're privileged along some of those identities and relatively speaking and less along others.
00:34:38.000 So if you're young and, and black and female, well, you're young.
00:34:43.000 Right.
00:34:44.000 So, so that's not deserved.
00:34:48.000 It's not like you earned being young.
00:34:51.000 And so how much.
00:34:52.000 Right.
00:34:53.000 There's always going to be some way of, there's always going to be some form of privilege in every regard.
00:34:57.000 Yeah.
00:34:58.000 I certainly didn't feel privileged growing up.
00:35:00.000 I mean, I feel like a lot of what I've had in my life has certainly been earned.
00:35:05.000 Um, I felt disadvantaged in a lot of ways.
00:35:08.000 Um, you know, emotionally in some, there's always, yeah.
00:35:11.000 I think everybody would have their own, uh, discussion, their own, like, not their own parameters, but yeah, I could see how everybody would have pluses and minuses.
00:35:19.000 Well, that's why I think the right level of analysis is the individual, you know, and when you move away from that, it gets dangerous, it gets dangerous quickly and it gets dangerous for everyone.
00:35:31.000 And, and the, the reason why is the reason that you just laid out, you take any individual person, you can point to the advantages that they had.
00:35:40.000 Now, look, I understand that some people, I mean, I was a clinician for a long time and I saw people who had lives that were so hard that you can, you could barely even imagine it.
00:35:52.000 You know, I had one client who was impaired intellectually.
00:35:57.000 Um, uh, she had a, she lived with an aunt who was schizophrenic, who had an alcoholic boyfriend who was extremely violent and also schizophrenic, who used to bother her about being possessed by Satan.
00:36:13.000 Satan, she was so, um, uh, shamed, ashamed that she couldn't look anyone in the eye.
00:36:21.000 She would walk down the street with her hand like this, sort of bowed down because she felt so, um, so unworthy.
00:36:29.000 She wasn't an attractive person.
00:36:31.000 She looked like a street person, so people treated her badly, all things considered.
00:36:36.000 Now, look, she, I saw her at this hospital that I was working at where the inpatients were people who were in even worse shape than her.
00:36:46.000 They were people so hurt that they couldn't be deinstitutionalized.
00:36:51.000 And I saw her because she had decided that she wanted to take one of these institutionalized people for a walk when she was out walking her dog.
00:37:01.000 So despite all her, her catastrophes, which were plenty, you know, she could still see outside of herself to someone who had it even worse.
00:37:12.000 It was really something, you know?
00:37:14.000 Yeah.
00:37:15.000 Well, and so this privilege game, it's like, well, look to your own privilege.
00:37:21.000 And that isn't, I'm, I'm not saying that there aren't historical injustices, but.
00:37:27.000 Of course.
00:37:28.000 But there are, there are many of them.
00:37:31.000 Right.
00:37:32.000 There are for everyone in a lot of ways.
00:37:33.000 Yes.
00:37:34.000 But if we only look at the victim side of things anyway, even as a human, if I only see myself as a victim, I'm really going to have a tough time.
00:37:41.000 I can see myself, I can respect that I'm a victim of some things, but if I only see myself as a victim, it's going to make the rest of my life pretty tough.
00:37:49.000 I feel like.
00:37:50.000 Well, it also matters what, what it matters, what you want to do about the fact that you're a victim.
00:37:57.000 Do you want to take away from other people?
00:37:59.000 Right.
00:38:00.000 You know, it isn't that, and that.
00:38:07.000 I don't know.
00:38:09.000 It kind of put us on a lot of different planes here at once.
00:38:12.000 Oh, that's okay.
00:38:13.000 Well, that was a very complicated problem.
00:38:15.000 And it's one that, you know, I think is particularly relevant to your particular country at this particular time and place because the, the tapestry is under assault.
00:38:26.000 And the thing is, it's a lot easier to burn something up or to cut it up than it is to knit a new tapestry.
00:38:32.000 It's really hard.
00:38:34.000 And has there been times, I mean, is it, is it okay where we are right now from an outsider's perspective?
00:38:41.000 Is it scary, like based on like historical civilizations and stuff?
00:38:46.000 Like, do you think we're in a place that is like still kind of safe judging from an outside, like, or from a, you know, I mean, you're still in Western civilization.
00:38:56.000 Canada is not extremely different than the U.S.
00:38:59.000 Do you feel like we're in a scary place or do you feel like it's just a lot of pomp and circumstance and at the root of things we're, we're, we're still at a very realistic place?
00:39:11.000 I think there are always dangers that threaten the stability of societies.
00:39:30.000 I think that those dangers are real, but I think they're always there.
00:39:36.000 I think that I have faith in the robustness of, say, American institutions, all things considered.
00:39:46.000 It seems to me that you, your country has weathered crises of at least this magnitude and often far worse many times in the past and, and that's worked out.
00:39:59.000 Um, so I think there's reason to be alert, but not hopeless.
00:40:06.000 I mean, on the broader scale, the broad scale, world scale, let's say, it's hard to make a case that things were ever better than they are now.
00:40:17.000 And it's almost impossible to make the case that there was ever a time in the past where things were getting better faster than they are now.
00:40:25.000 So it's reasonable to assume that everyone on the planet will be out of abject poverty as defined by the UN by the year 2030.
00:40:37.000 Oh, wow.
00:40:38.000 It's halved.
00:40:39.000 It's halved.
00:40:40.000 Well, it already halved from 2000 to 2012.
00:40:44.000 And so, and that was the fastest transformation in human history by a huge margin.
00:40:50.000 Yeah.
00:40:51.000 I've been seeing less poor people, I feel like, honestly.
00:40:53.000 Well, there's, there's, there's variance because in the Western countries that the working class hasn't kept up as well as they were in the sixties, let's say in some ways.
00:41:03.000 But globally speaking, there's lots of reasons for optimism, but it's a difficult problem to settle because there's always the possibility that any given problem will get completely out of hand.
00:41:15.000 You know, and that's the, the case that people make with regards to climate change, you know, while there's a small percentage of complete catastrophe, a small percent probability of complete catastrophe.
00:41:26.000 Well, we don't know what to do with a problem like that, because it's impossible to calculate how many resources you devote to something that's absolutely catastrophic, but that has a small probability of occurring.
00:41:39.000 Right.
00:41:40.000 Right.
00:41:41.000 So like, what if the Greenland ice sheet melts?
00:41:44.000 Right.
00:41:45.000 Well, then the oceans rise, you know, multiple feet and that's a catastrophe.
00:41:49.000 Well, how much is it worth to stave that off?
00:41:53.000 It's very, very difficult to calculate.
00:41:55.000 Yeah.
00:41:56.000 And plus we're still, a lot of people are still surviving.
00:41:58.000 A lot of, I think there's still that a heavy survival instinct in a lot of people where it's more of a short term survival that I don't even think it's, it's our fault for thinking that way.
00:42:07.000 It's just built into like our limbic system or our brainstem or something like it's hard.
00:42:13.000 It is.
00:42:14.000 Yeah.
00:42:15.000 It, I agree with you.
00:42:16.000 It's an archetypal story.
00:42:17.000 That's the apocalypse.
00:42:18.000 Yeah.
00:42:19.000 You know, the end of the world is always upon us.
00:42:22.000 You know, I, well, go on.
00:42:24.000 Sorry, doc.
00:42:25.000 Well, it's because things can fall apart for us completely and they do in our own life.
00:42:30.000 There's illness waiting.
00:42:31.000 There's death waiting.
00:42:32.000 Like we, we have a built in sense that things can come to a cataclysmic end.
00:42:37.000 And it, it, and that also makes us prudent and careful and able to look at the future and forestall catastrophes.
00:42:44.000 But the problem is, is that we can also generate false positives and be unduly worried about things that are very unlikely to occur.
00:42:52.000 Yeah.
00:42:53.000 So what is the template for constructive criticism of a social institution?
00:42:59.000 In other words, if there is a wrong way to do it, where you're creating a void and not offering a better solution, what is the, what is the better approach or what might be?
00:43:11.000 You know, I got well known, I suppose, in part because of my injunction to people that they clean up their room.
00:43:20.000 My closet, by the way, is a mess.
00:43:22.000 I haven't been able to clean it up for like three years.
00:43:24.000 So there's this English common law principle with regards to the distribution of power.
00:43:31.000 I think it's English common law that there are certain responsibilities of the family and the community and the town and the state and the, and the federal government and the international organizations.
00:43:44.000 And, but you want to have the most proximal level possible take responsibility for a given enterprise.
00:43:53.000 And I think that's a good philosophy.
00:43:57.000 Personally, you want to make changes, start with what's under your control.
00:44:04.000 Start with changing those things that will hurt you if the changes go wrong.
00:44:09.000 There's a good one.
00:44:11.000 You know, and it's better, I think, to put your life together than to go worry about parading around and being a social activist.
00:44:22.000 I think most of that's fraudulent.
00:44:25.000 And I think it's appalling that students learn or people learn to do that mostly at universities.
00:44:32.000 I think it's, it's, it's, it's appalling.
00:44:36.000 Fix up your own life.
00:44:37.000 And that doesn't mean you shouldn't be involved in the community.
00:44:40.000 But I believe that you, you have to earn that right.
00:44:43.000 Not only, not because there's something more wrong with you than wrong with anyone else.
00:44:49.000 It's just that you don't want to, if you, if you operate at a level that's beyond your competence, all you're going to do is make catastrophic mistakes.
00:45:00.000 Practice locally till you're competent.
00:45:03.000 And then if you dare or move out a little bit, you know, as you mature and you gain some, when I, when I used to work for the NDP, the socialists back when I was 14 or 15.
00:45:14.000 One of the things I came to realize, I think I realized this when I was 16 and went to university.
00:45:20.000 It's like, I woke up one day and I thought, I have this ideology in my mind, you know, about how the world should be structured.
00:45:27.000 And I woke up one day and I thought, what the hell do you know?
00:45:32.000 You don't have a family.
00:45:33.000 You don't have any experience.
00:45:34.000 You don't have a job.
00:45:36.000 Like you're a pup.
00:45:38.000 I mean, I was smart enough.
00:45:39.000 I verbally could hold my own and my head was full of ideas.
00:45:43.000 I could defend them.
00:45:45.000 But you know, at the same time that I was a socialist kid, I was, I sat on the board of governors for the local college.
00:45:54.000 And almost all the people on that board were local businessmen, most of them immigrants, because northern Alberta was an immigrant.
00:46:02.000 Like it was only 50 years old.
00:46:04.000 Everybody had moved there.
00:46:05.000 It was a new place.
00:46:06.000 It was the end of the frontier.
00:46:08.000 Literally, we were at the end of the railway, the northernmost tip of the North American Prairie.
00:46:13.000 And there was all these conservatives sitting on this board and me.
00:46:17.000 And what I found was I actually respected these people.
00:46:21.000 Like I didn't, I wasn't, my ideology, my explicit ideology was antithetical to theirs.
00:46:28.000 But when I interacted with them one on one, I thought, hmm, these people have made something of themselves.
00:46:34.000 And when I talked to the activists, I never got that impression.
00:46:40.000 I thought, you guys are resentful as hell.
00:46:43.000 You don't know anything.
00:46:44.000 You've never done anything.
00:46:45.000 But you're noisy and self-righteous.
00:46:49.000 And so that put a lot of cognitive dissonance that filled me with cognitive dissonance.
00:46:55.000 One of the things that disturbs me constantly about ideological representations of the world, broadly speaking, is that their fundamental danger is that they always contain a too convenient theory of evil and malevolence.
00:47:13.000 And for me, any theory that locates the fundamental problem of evil somewhere other than inside you is dangerous.
00:47:23.000 Now, that isn't to say that social structures can't be corrupted and aren't corrupt.
00:47:30.000 It's that's an existential problem in and of itself.
00:47:32.000 It's it's always the case that our social institutions aren't what they should be.
00:47:36.000 And they're outdated and they're predicated to some degree on deceit.
00:47:40.000 And people who use power can manipulate them sometimes successfully.
00:47:44.000 That problem never goes away and it never will.
00:47:47.000 But the when when the evil can be easily located somewhere else, then you have every moral right to allow your unexamined motivations to manifest themselves fully because you can punish the evildoers and always remain on the moral side of the fence.
00:48:07.000 There's a huge attractiveness in that.
00:48:10.000 I think I mean, this is something you've explored a lot with the idea of Solzhenitsyn's idea about the good and evil cutting through the heart of every human, every human being, because that, that to me, it really gets to the heart of a lot of what I would call a kind of infantile culture.
00:48:26.000 I think this is a symptom of of of of childishness.
00:48:30.000 You know, whenever I was learning about literature and what constituted more sophisticated literature and what didn't Disney films, childish films.
00:48:39.000 Let's take Tolkien, for instance.
00:48:40.000 Good people look sorry.
00:48:42.000 Bad people look bad.
00:48:43.000 They look like orcs.
00:48:44.000 They're ugly and there are villains and then there are heroes and they are good.
00:48:47.000 There isn't complexity.
00:48:48.000 And if you have a more complex novel, like a Mervyn Peake novel, where people aren't necessarily good or bad, they're both they struggle within themselves and with other people.
00:48:56.000 That is a mark of a kind of adult novel as opposed to a a childish novel.
00:49:00.000 Right. And that's quite an important distinction.
00:49:02.000 And I think most of the political and ideological battles that I find myself in the middle of, and I'm sure you do as well, are because people are just reducing everything to this binary of good versus evil and putting themselves on the side of good.
00:49:14.000 It is a very infantile, almost almost like a caricature of religion.
00:49:21.000 You know, it's it's it's and I see it again and again.
00:49:24.000 We had it in this country with the Brexit vote.
00:49:26.000 Effectively, what happened in the vote here and the reason why it became so toxic and families fell apart and, you know, you wouldn't believe I know it wasn't reported very much elsewhere.
00:49:34.000 But it was like a kind of ideological civil war here, but not a very sophisticated one, because it came down to this narrative that if you voted to leave the EU, you were evil, racist, stupid.
00:49:44.000 And if you voted to remain, you were you were good and progressive and and all the rest and noble and virtuous. Right.
00:49:50.000 And of course, there are all sorts of good reasons to have voted either way.
00:49:53.000 And this kind of caricature and it happens again with what you described, you described it as a caricature of of of religion.
00:50:01.000 And I think that's what an ideology is.
00:50:03.000 And this is one of the reasons that I've been inclined, let's say, to go to have my shot at the rational atheists, much as I'm a fan of enlightenment thinking.
00:50:16.000 I mean, I was convinced as a consequence of reading Jung as primarily, but also Dostoevsky and also Nietzsche primarily and Solzhenitsyn, I would say as well that.
00:50:28.000 And then biology as well, as I studied that more deeply.
00:50:35.000 There's no escaping a religious framework.
00:50:38.000 There's no way out of it.
00:50:40.000 And you if you eliminate it, say, as a consequence of rational criticism, what you inevitably produce is its replacement by forms of religion that are much less sophisticated.
00:50:54.000 I mean, well, it's not religion.
00:50:57.000 It's a it's a it's a fundamentalist.
00:50:59.000 It's like, you know, if I look back to my Catholic upbringing, actually acknowledge you acknowledging your own capacity for sin is at the heart of Catholicism.
00:51:06.000 That's why we have the confessional.
00:51:08.000 That's why you sit there and tell this stranger all these things you've done wrong.
00:51:11.000 Well, that's that's far from trivial.
00:51:17.000 It's unbelievably not trivial.
00:51:19.000 And because it was so common, like a common part of Catholicism, it can be passed over without notice.
00:51:26.000 And so religious the religious structures that we inherited.
00:51:31.000 I'm going to talk about Christianity most specifically because it's the dominant form of it's the it's the form of religious belief that primarily undergirds our social structures.
00:51:42.000 It's our operating system.
00:51:44.000 My my producer came up with that term the other day, and I thought it was apt.
00:51:48.000 And it does localize the drama between good and evil inside and makes you responsible for that and and makes you in encourages you, let's say, to attend to the ways that you fall short of the ideal.
00:52:04.000 And when you criticize a structure like that out of existence, you don't criticize the questions that gave rise to it out of existence.
00:52:13.000 And the questions might be, well, what's the nature of the good?
00:52:17.000 What's the nature of evil?
00:52:19.000 Those are religious questions.
00:52:20.000 What's the purpose of our life?
00:52:22.000 How do you orient yourself if you're trying to move up, let's say, rather than down?
00:52:29.000 How should you conduct yourself, et cetera, et cetera?
00:52:32.000 Those questions don't go away and they can't not be answered.
00:52:36.000 And so the way that a traditional religious structure answers them is in a mysterious way.
00:52:43.000 It uses ritual.
00:52:44.000 It uses music.
00:52:45.000 It uses art.
00:52:46.000 It uses literature.
00:52:47.000 It uses stories.
00:52:48.000 All these things that are outside the realm of easy criticism.
00:52:52.000 And then some of that's translated into, you know, comprehensible, explicit dogma.
00:52:58.000 And that's the part that's most susceptible to rational criticism.
00:53:01.000 But when that disappears, I've been thinking about this a lot this week because of what happened to Richard Dawkins recently.
00:53:09.000 You know, and I have my differences with Dawkins and the rest of the rational atheists because I think that they underestimated the danger of dispensing with what they were attempting to dispense with.
00:53:20.000 And I see the influx of religious fervor associated with political ideas as a direct consequence of of the lack of separation, let's say, between church and state psychologically.
00:53:34.000 There is a claim quite common at the moment that the central animating principle of Western culture is power.
00:53:41.000 Oh, yeah. Yeah.
00:53:43.000 Okay.
00:53:44.000 It's a it's a popular claim.
00:53:45.000 Mm hmm.
00:53:46.000 Yep.
00:53:47.000 Okay.
00:53:48.000 Right.
00:53:49.000 What's the appropriate counter claim that there is no central animating spirit or that that's not it?
00:53:54.000 That I face this a lot.
00:53:57.000 And I think the response is to say, sometimes power matters.
00:54:04.000 And there are those who believe that everything is sexuality and sometimes sexuality matters.
00:54:09.000 And there are those who believe that everything is money and sometimes money matters and sometimes self-esteem.
00:54:14.000 People are complicated.
00:54:15.000 And sometimes pain, sometimes joy and like sometimes jealousy.
00:54:19.000 Right.
00:54:20.000 Exactly.
00:54:21.000 Okay.
00:54:22.000 So that's people whose first response to everything is power structures, power structures, power structures.
00:54:25.000 You know, you kind of know what they think because it's a it's a you might know how they act, too.
00:54:30.000 Yeah.
00:54:31.000 Yeah.
00:54:32.000 Yeah.
00:54:33.000 So, you know, if you if you if you think that anything, whether it be the Western tradition or or college is all about power.
00:54:43.000 I mean, that's just sad.
00:54:45.000 Well, it's also completely.
00:54:47.000 I've thought this through and then I thought about all the people that I've admired in my life who were successful.
00:54:54.000 And so those would be people that I'd like to imitate or at least I respect.
00:54:58.000 Mm-hmm.
00:54:59.000 And that seems to be a reflection of something like, you know, a low level of awe.
00:55:02.000 Mm-hmm.
00:55:03.000 They were.
00:55:04.000 Admiration.
00:55:05.000 They were driven by power.
00:55:07.000 That's right.
00:55:08.000 They were driven by competence and generosity.
00:55:10.000 That's right.
00:55:11.000 That's right.
00:55:12.000 It's actually one of the hallmarks of a religion is people are committed to something that's obviously not true on its face.
00:55:21.000 And the people are really committed to this religion that everything is power.
00:55:24.000 This sort of Michelle Foucault religion.
00:55:27.000 They even interpret family life as being about power.
00:55:30.000 You know, that my relationships with my kids is primarily about my power.
00:55:34.000 I mean, that's just bizarre.
00:55:36.000 A marriage.
00:55:37.000 Yeah.
00:55:38.000 That's right.
00:55:39.000 Because I'm a man and my wife's a woman.
00:55:40.000 Therefore, I must be motivated to have power over my wife and I must feel something in common with other men because we're all men.
00:55:45.000 We're all trying to maintain the power structure.
00:55:47.000 I mean, this is far wackier than saying there was this guy and he was killed and he came back to life three days later.
00:55:53.000 I mean, you know, it's this is just a matter of faith.
00:55:57.000 And so the fact that it is intruded so deeply into the academy now, again, not in most departments, but in some of the departments that you and I both know, this is the religion.
00:56:06.000 Everything's about power.
00:56:07.000 Yeah.
00:56:08.000 Well, we don't seem to have been able to put forward a very good counterclaim.
00:56:12.000 But I think it's as we're talking about with Steve, the good counterclaim is something which you have to sort of reason through.
00:56:18.000 And it's about process more than any particular person.
00:56:22.000 And we need equal treatment by the front of the law.
00:56:24.000 And we need all these things.
00:56:26.000 And it's not as inspiring.
00:56:28.000 Oh, yeah.
00:56:29.000 But there's another problem with it, too.
00:56:31.000 It's not like I don't have sympathy for that viewpoint.
00:56:34.000 And there's nothing wrong with a reasoned argument.
00:56:37.000 But look, whatever's at the bottom of the woke movement is critical of the processes of reason themselves.
00:56:46.000 Right.
00:56:47.000 Because everything is white supremacy.
00:56:49.000 Well, everything is up for grabs, at least.
00:56:52.000 Right, right.
00:56:53.000 So it's a radical critique of enlightenment thinking.
00:56:55.000 It's also an attempt to identify enlightenment thinking specifically with Western European thinking, which I think is a great mistake, but it doesn't matter.
00:57:02.000 I don't think that those, it isn't obvious to me that those merely rational responses are going to do the trick.
00:57:10.000 No, in general, not.
00:57:12.000 But something that I've begun to think a lot about is the importance of specifying the institution or the domain before you say anything else.
00:57:23.000 And so we can talk about will a rational argument persuade people.
00:57:27.000 And if we're talking about like on planet Earth, you know, or just, you know, out on the public square, not your odds are not very good.
00:57:34.000 And so the trick to having a good society is one in which there are domains within which people have a set of the professional norms or norms about how we do things.
00:57:44.000 And so the norms in a college seminar class should be very different and much more generous and much more about building on each other's arguments and critiques than it is on Twitter.
00:57:56.000 And part of what's changed, part of why I keep saying the world is so different after 2012 than it was before 2009, is that social media knocked down all the walls between different domains.
00:58:07.000 And now the norms within which a reasoned discussion among people who have basic respect for each other and are tied together, at least as fellow students or fellow jury members or whatever.
00:58:21.220 When that goes away and everything is just the public square.
00:58:25.220 Well, then, yeah, we're not really able to have reasoned conversations anymore.
00:58:30.220 I'm not saying all activism is bad by any means, but it can create a community that can become fanatical, basically, which is a danger.
00:58:45.220 I'm not so sure that that activism isn't just bad altogether, you know, well, it's obviously the idea that you need to pay attention to your institutions and that sometimes they need criticism and reform.
00:58:59.540 It's like, obviously, institutions ossify and they become corrupt and everyone has to be alert to that.
00:59:09.500 And there are steps you can and should take and are morally obligated, I think, to take.
00:59:14.300 But the thing about activism is that it's almost always predicated on the idea that you're right, you're morally superior and you've identified the people who are wrong.
00:59:25.280 And to me, that's one step away from mob and it's one step away from punishment.
00:59:29.760 And one of the things that appalls me and makes me ashamed in relationship to the universities is that universities are pretty good at teaching young people that being an activist is a good thing.
00:59:44.360 And I'm not so sure at all that it's a good thing.
00:59:47.160 I think it's pseudo responsibility, especially because it always comes with an easy identification of just who the enemy is.
00:59:56.500 That's exactly right.
00:59:58.760 No, I think you're right.
01:00:00.040 And I think that if you're going to attack, if you're going to be on the attack, you have to also build.
01:00:05.360 It's your responsibility and it's your duty to build.
01:00:08.960 So I, you know.
01:00:11.260 Well, you built an alternative.
01:00:13.080 That's what you did.
01:00:14.480 Yeah.
01:00:14.700 And I think, you know, if you're going to attack our institutions, you know, I have a lot of problems with establishment institutions, but you can't just attack them.
01:00:26.620 What are we going to have left when we've got no institutions?
01:00:29.500 We've got to have new institutions.
01:00:34.220 We've got to start building them now.
01:00:35.880 Well, we can have rubble and everyone could be equal in the rubble.
01:00:39.200 That's happened many, many, many times.
01:00:42.000 And that's the risk.
01:00:43.180 Like, that's interesting.
01:00:44.300 That's, you know, that's why I think, you know, attacking institutions has to go hand in hand with building new ones.
01:00:51.820 And lots of people, you know, I know quite a few people who are trying to build new institutions.
01:00:57.860 But, yeah, I agree that there's something about social media and social media enabled activism that makes finding an out group, dehumanizing the out group and attacking them very easy.
01:01:13.520 Well, OK, let's dive into that for a minute.
01:01:15.760 OK, so how many times have you sworn at somebody when you're walking down the street versus how many times have you sworn at someone when you're in your car and they're in their car?
01:01:26.820 I don't think I've sworn at anyone ever.
01:01:31.240 Well, OK, well, then you're very you're much more polite than me, let's say.
01:01:36.560 But it's much more probable when there's a barrier like that, that that people will manifest aggressive behavior.
01:01:44.440 You know, we don't know exactly what inhibits aggressive behavior.
01:01:47.440 But one thing that does is rather rather close personal proximity, real proximity.
01:01:53.540 Now, when you take the person and you you place them in a shell, let's say that's a car, you place yourself in a shell.
01:02:00.420 Well, all of those cues, those subtle and complex cues aren't there.
01:02:05.660 And so online, well, every you don't even have an avatar.
01:02:10.480 You only have your hypothetical fantasy about the person that you're attacking.
01:02:14.560 You don't even know them.
01:02:15.560 Yeah. So and we don't know what that does to people at all.
01:02:20.160 I mean, we see some of that on Twitter and we have no idea if this hypothesis that you laid out is true.
01:02:25.980 You know, is if there's a tendency for those who are more committed to dominate certain types of institutions because the moderates bail out.
01:02:36.160 And then if it's also true that that's sped along by social media, which is a possibility, not a certainty, but it could be.
01:02:43.520 And then it's also easier to dehumanize people in social media circles, particularly if you're so inclined.
01:02:51.340 And maybe even if you're not, then, well, that can be a perfect storm.
01:02:56.340 I mean, I just read an article by Jonathan Haidt today where he I've been noticing what seems to be developing into something like a runaway positive feedback loop in.
01:03:07.620 In the political landscape, particularly in the U.S.
01:03:10.980 And, you know, I I spent a fair bit of time thinking about what a mental disorder actually was.
01:03:17.660 And the most common description now, I think it's from Wakefield, I think, is that it's the it's the deviation of a complex mental function from its evolutionarily signified path.
01:03:30.100 And I don't like that at all, because it's very difficult to specify the evolutionarily signified path.
01:03:35.400 And it it violates the is ought distinction.
01:03:39.020 Right.
01:03:39.580 Just because that's how it evolved.
01:03:41.660 Assuming why did the hand evolve?
01:03:44.520 You know, it does a lot of things.
01:03:46.600 And yeah.
01:03:47.160 OK, but one of the things I did notice that a lot of mental disorders are positive feedback loops.
01:03:53.760 Depression is a good example.
01:03:55.120 So you start feeling bad.
01:03:57.640 Well, and then you reduce your social contacts and you're less effective at work.
01:04:02.220 Well, that makes you feel worse.
01:04:03.560 Well, then you you're more irritable.
01:04:05.080 So you start fighting with your wife or your husband.
01:04:07.300 That makes you feel worse.
01:04:08.560 And then away it goes down, spiraling downhill.
01:04:12.060 Well, yeah, anxiety, you start to avoid.
01:04:15.000 That's how agoraphobia develops.
01:04:16.840 Yeah.
01:04:17.520 Alcoholism.
01:04:18.100 You drink to get rid of your hangover.
01:04:20.520 Well, positive feedback loop.
01:04:22.560 Now, not every mental disorder is a positive feedback loop, but plenty of them seem to be.
01:04:27.420 They have that element.
01:04:28.300 And you have to fight, figure out how to stop that spiral from continuing.
01:04:32.600 Well, we are getting we're getting into a situation.
01:04:35.660 Imagine this domination of the radical groups on both sides and they have an outsized voice and outsized you ability to utilize punishment effectively.
01:04:46.400 And now they're upsetting the hell out of each other.
01:04:49.220 Yeah.
01:04:49.800 And so they're more and more set in their ways.
01:04:52.620 And now the moderates are pulling over to that side.
01:04:55.200 This is the process height outlines it in part in this in this article that that he I believe he released it today.
01:05:03.380 It's October 30th, by the way.
01:05:05.360 This will be put up later.
01:05:07.860 And he thinks that at least in part, this was driven by Facebook like and Twitter adoption of like.
01:05:15.520 And, you know, this is we were talking about conservatism and liberalism.
01:05:20.040 And, you know, one of the things conservatives always say to liberals is don't be thinking that your stupid invention is only doing what you think it is.
01:05:27.360 Oh, yeah.
01:05:28.300 Yeah.
01:05:28.560 Right.
01:05:29.120 That's the Chesterton's fence concept.
01:05:32.860 Yes.
01:05:33.280 And if you've done any sort of laboratory experiments, you get very, very sensitive to that because things don't go the way you predict they will.
01:05:42.040 Right.
01:05:42.360 You're with your stupid hypothesis.
01:05:44.120 And so who knows what the like button did?
01:05:47.200 Facebook is a it's not nothing.
01:05:49.220 Right.
01:05:49.520 Oh, it's just a like button.
01:05:50.780 No, no.
01:05:51.140 It's it's like 300 million like buttons.
01:05:54.500 Yeah.
01:05:55.100 Oh, I think we vastly underestimate the impact that social media is having on our societies and political culture.
01:06:03.500 And, you know, people will say, oh, it's it's simply magnifying what's already there.
01:06:08.340 And that might be true.
01:06:10.160 But what if what if what's already there is quite fragile?
01:06:13.320 What if the United States was on the pathway to extreme political polarization?
01:06:20.120 I mean, it's not a small thing to speed that up.
01:06:23.080 Like it's a it's a very dangerous thing to speed that process up.
01:06:26.160 Yeah, well, it's harder to think it's harder to think things through and put on the brakes when it's happening really, really fast.
01:06:32.540 And you're not sure why.
01:06:33.840 You know, like I I put a fair bit of the responsibility for this mess that we're in on faculty members at universities who let the administrators take over by.
01:06:49.140 Kowtowing 300 times over a 30 year period.
01:06:54.740 So and then what happened?
01:06:55.860 So the administrators took over the universities and then the D.I.E.I. people took over the administrators.
01:07:01.320 And yeah, well, I know that's an oversimplification, but but but and then these ideas, these poisonous ideas, just away they go out into the culture.
01:07:11.440 And yeah, and I think Haidt is probably correct when he says that these bad ideas.
01:07:19.980 So we're talking about the postmodernism, the, you know, intersectionality, all of that, those rubbish ideas, they would have stayed enclosed within the walls of these quite marginalized university departments.
01:07:36.220 They would have stayed enclosed if it weren't for social media.
01:07:41.000 Yeah, you know, the IAT, the IAT had a fair bit to do with that, too.
01:07:44.860 Yeah.
01:07:45.460 Yeah, the release of that.
01:07:47.000 So because it did what you said with regards to consultants, right, it gave them this scientifically valid quasi clinical tool where they could go into institutions and claim, hey, we can we can ferret out your prejudice.
01:08:00.400 Yeah.
01:08:01.300 Yeah.
01:08:01.540 Yeah, I mean, so it's not it's not wholly because of social media, but it's certainly allowed bad ideas to spread very quickly.
01:08:12.500 And we could see that with I mean, there's there's so many.
01:08:16.900 Yeah, there's the pandemic we should really be worried about.
01:08:19.380 Thank you so much, Dr. Peterson, for what you've given us this evening.
01:08:25.020 You've spoken now in a very complimentary way about English common law, and I'm very pleased to hear it.
01:08:32.100 But freedom of speech is something novel largely in in our civilization.
01:08:42.700 You just have to think about how dissenters and Catholics were treated in this country not too long ago.
01:08:51.040 You couldn't go to this institution if you were not a communicant of the Anglican Church.
01:08:55.700 I'm not an Anglican, but I sympathize with them, because if you've got something good, you want coercive and directive measures to protect that thing.
01:09:07.580 And in fact, you might be committing a very serious injustice if you don't put the context and structure in place to prevent people who want to repudiate that good thing from invading and corrupting what has taken so long to put together.
01:09:31.980 Spoken like a true conservative.
01:09:34.340 And that's not ironic or denigrating.
01:09:37.340 I mean, yes, absolutely.
01:09:39.580 So how do you reconcile that?
01:09:41.540 Well, there is no permanent reconciliation of that conundrum, right?
01:09:47.700 Because, and I've traced the development of that paradox back, as far as I'm concerned, back into Mesopotamia, passed through Egypt.
01:09:56.960 The Egyptians had two primary fundamental male gods, and one of them was Osiris.
01:10:04.200 And Osiris was the founder of the Egyptian state, mythologically speaking, kind of like George Washington.
01:10:10.340 But he was also the spirit of stone.
01:10:13.780 And so he was the, he was the representation of conservative order.
01:10:17.760 That's a good way of thinking about it.
01:10:19.180 But the Egyptians portrayed him as old and willfully blind, specifically willfully blind, which is extremely interesting, and subject as a consequence of his willful blindness to the evil machinations of Set.
01:10:35.400 Set, and the sun sets.
01:10:37.340 And so that's how you know the Egyptians thought about the sun and Set.
01:10:42.420 And so Set was the evil uncle, essentially.
01:10:45.660 And he cuts Osiris up into his pieces, which were also, by the way, the provinces of the Egyptian state, and sentences him to the underworld, and then rules in his stead.
01:10:58.400 That's the danger of an unthinking conservatism, because all our cognitive and social structures deteriorate with the passage of time, because time changes all things.
01:11:08.220 And so we're always fighting to maintain what we have, and that includes our categories of perception themselves, in the face of a continual onslaught of novelty at virtually every level of analysis.
01:11:20.200 While the second god of the Egyptians, this is a very cursory overview, obviously, was Horus.
01:11:27.100 And Horus was the son of the, he was the rightful son of the true king, raised outside Egypt.
01:11:33.780 And alienated, in some sense, from the tradition that gave rise to him.
01:11:38.920 But he was simultaneously the falcon and the Egyptian eye, that famous Egyptian eye, that open eye.
01:11:44.720 So he was the god of attention.
01:11:47.160 And his mother is Isis, and she's the chaos that arises when order disintegrates, gives rise to the hero.
01:11:56.320 Horus goes to the underworld to rescue his father.
01:11:59.220 And the Egyptians conceptualized the soul of the pharaoh, so that would be the proper source of sovereignty itself, as the union of Osiris and Horus.
01:12:09.280 The living union of Osiris and Horus.
01:12:12.800 So they would celebrate the pharaoh, like you do when a new king is crowned in the aftermath of the death of a reigning monarch.
01:12:22.220 The king is dead.
01:12:23.220 Long live the king.
01:12:24.520 The kingship passes, and that's Osiris.
01:12:26.940 The tradition passes, but it has to be, the tradition has to be living.
01:12:31.320 It has to be allied with attention.
01:12:33.480 And the Mesopotamians put a modification on that, which was also magic speech.
01:12:38.520 So tradition always has to be allied with attention.
01:12:42.580 And it's like, you know this is true if you own a house, you know, especially if it's an older house.
01:12:48.060 Well, the four walls are there, and they're necessary, and you want to protect and preserve them.
01:12:53.440 But you have to maintain them, and sometimes you have to replace them.
01:12:58.140 And how do you tell?
01:12:59.460 And the answer is with a careful and judicious eye, with some humility and gratitude for what you already have,
01:13:06.260 but with some understanding that in the face of continual transformation, some change is necessary.
01:13:11.700 And then you might ask, well, how do you decide when change is necessary?
01:13:15.140 And the answer is by engaging in political dialogue mediated by free speech.
01:13:20.580 That is literally because this is an insoluble problem.
01:13:24.480 The conservatives are not correct, but neither are the progressives.
01:13:29.280 It takes a dialogue between them to specify the target.
01:13:33.740 And it's partly because the environment itself shifts and changes literally unpredictably.
01:13:40.240 And so all we have is, well, consciousness itself is the mechanism that mediates between order and chaos.
01:13:47.060 And political dialogue, when it's done in goodwill, is the manifestation of consciousness
01:13:53.240 in the repair of mechanisms that need to be sustained and transformed.
01:13:57.020 And so there's no end to the necessary dialogue, because the future differs from the past.
01:14:03.660 And that's the limit of conservative thinking, right?
01:14:05.760 It's like, well, the noble traditions.
01:14:08.000 It's like, fair enough, man.
01:14:09.100 If you can walk down a road that's already been walked down successfully, that's a wise choice.
01:14:15.180 But sometimes, you know, there's a flood, and the road has changed.
01:14:19.440 The underlying tomography has shifted.
01:14:21.580 And then you wander blindly into a cliff or into a pit.
01:14:25.780 And so even as a conservative, and conservatives have more of the temperamental proclivity, let's say,
01:14:32.560 to preserve and to respect, but they still have to be open to the transformations that are necessary
01:14:38.320 to keep abreast of the times.
01:14:40.880 And so we try, right?
01:14:41.860 We winnow through the wheat and the chaff of the past, and we attempt to garner the wheat and dispense with the chaff.
01:14:48.740 And the only way we can do that is through continual dialogue with ourselves, honest dialogue with ourselves and with others.
01:14:55.080 I like that one because you're more prone to carelessly denigrate social institutions if you're liberal,
01:15:10.600 on the left side of the spectrum, let's say, because you're interested in lateral thinking and spontaneity and novelty
01:15:19.400 and leery of, what would you say, structures that constrain.
01:15:26.460 And then if you're more on the center or the right, you're more likely to denigrate creative achievement
01:15:33.260 because, well, the creative types, you know, they're always moving laterally and breaking things apart.
01:15:38.340 I mean the genuinely creative types, you know, the ones who are on the avant-garde.
01:15:42.500 And they're a bit of a threat to social institutions, but the truth of the matter is that you need both.
01:15:47.440 There's this old, there's this line in Ellis in Wonderland,
01:15:52.660 when Ellis goes down the rabbit hole underneath the structure of things,
01:15:55.820 and she meets the Red Queen down there.
01:15:57.360 The Red Queen is basically Mother Nature, and she's red because Mother Nature is red in blood, you know,
01:16:04.440 and that's why the Red Queen is always running around yelling off with their heads, you know.
01:16:09.240 She's the queen of mayhem and murder, and one of the things she says is that,
01:16:12.860 in my kingdom you have to run as fast as you can just to stay in the same place.
01:16:17.060 And that's really, that's the fundamental flaw of rigid conservatism,
01:16:23.440 is that you cannot stay in the same place, because everything around you shifts,
01:16:29.720 and so you're forced to update.
01:16:31.300 And so even, if you're a conservative person, you can't denigrate creative achievement,
01:16:34.900 because a certain amount of it is necessary just to keep things stable.
01:16:40.400 And if you're a conservative, you're interested in stability, you think,
01:16:42.820 well, I wish things could stay the same.
01:16:45.400 It's like, nope, not gonna happen.
01:16:48.880 You know, I mean, you don't even stay the same, right?
01:16:50.940 You sit there and you think, I'm just gonna stay the same, and you don't.
01:16:54.500 You get old.
01:16:56.100 And it, right, right?
01:16:58.080 I mean, it just happens.
01:16:59.960 And because of that, you have to update,
01:17:02.480 and it's the creative types that do the updating.
01:17:04.880 Now, you know, that can get out of hand, and things can, you know,
01:17:08.100 you can get so many people, creative people,
01:17:10.280 destabilizing the current situation so that nothing is reliable.
01:17:16.300 And that untrammeled creativity can be a destructive force.
01:17:21.860 That's its danger.
01:17:24.000 But it's necessary to respect cultural institutions,
01:17:28.580 and also to respect the process that updates them.
01:17:31.460 And so that's what that chapter's about.
01:17:33.020 That's what you're talking about.