In this episode, I sit down with author and philosopher Carl Jung to talk about the role of God as a judge and how to become a better version of yourself. We talk about what it means to be merciful, how to be kinder to others, and how we can all be better versions of ourselves. I hope you enjoy this episode as much as we enjoyed recording it. Thank you so much to our sponsor, Viking. Viking is committed to exploring the world in comfort, journey through the heart of Europe on an elegant Viking longship, with thoughtful service, cultural enrichment, and all inclusive fairs. Discover more at Viking.co/VikingLongship and listen to our new single song, "Viking's Song," out now on all of your favorite streaming platforms. If you like what you hear, please HIT SUBSCRIBE and leave us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts! Subscribe, Like, and Share to stay up to date with the latest episodes of Viking.co.uk and other great podcasting and social media platforms! Viking is a proud supporter of the Viking Longship and all things Viking! viking is an all-inclusive fairs, all inclusive fairies, all aboard Viking longships, all of their fairies and everything in between. Viking has everything you need to know about Viking's Viking is a Viking fairies! viking, you can be a Viking Fairies! . Learn more about Viking's mission and Viking's mission to travel the world on Viking's Longship. Viking's longship voyage, Viking Viking, Viking is Viking, a Viking Longship, Viking's journey to the farthest reaches, Viking, and more! Viking is an adventure. Viking's Song of Solve and more. . . . Viking's song: "I am a Viking in the heartland of the Old World" by Viking, I am Viking's Journey, Viking Song, by viking.org Viking Song of the Heartland, by Viking, by Viking.org/Song of the Spirit of the Soul, by the Viking Longboat, by Ibraving the North Pole, , by Viking and much more! . , Viking s Song of Odin, by The Old Man and the Old Man of the North Star, by Valkyries, by Sullivir, by Dervish,
00:02:59.060So you have this ideal that is there, whether you acknowledge it or not, and you feel it, and you feel that thing.
00:03:06.720But where you get tripped up is when you have an expectation that you're going to magically travel and teleport from where you are, which is full of your own corruptions and full of your own selfishness, to meet that ideal immediately.
00:03:20.680So the mercy comes from saying, this is the ideal, but the expectation of judgment that I'm going to be at that right away is false.
00:03:29.420So let me appreciate myself right here where I am in this journey with all of my faults, however many they are, open up my entire closet of internal monsters, pet them on the head and say, okay, here we go, eliminating more of those and becoming more like the ideal, surrendering to the journey rather than that expectation.
00:03:47.500And there the judge no longer carries the sting and the harshness because it's, you're judging yourself according to a timeline where you're hoping to get closer to this.
00:04:03.160That's a, that's, that's, that's, that's a, that's a really sustaining, um, um, that's a really sustaining process too, because technically speaking again, um, seeing yourself move towards a desired goal is the essence of the positive emotion that nourishes us.
00:04:19.940And I mean that technically that's dopaminergically mediated incentive reward.
00:04:24.820And so you don't have to get to the goal, you have to aspire to the goal and move towards it.
00:04:32.560And that, then that doesn't even matter if the goal recedes, which it will, as you approach it, because you're, you know, your ability to conjure up what constitutes the ideal is going to become more sophisticated as you move towards it.
00:04:43.900And you might think, well, that's terrible, but it isn't because it means the game doesn't have to end.
00:04:50.860Because if you may hit the ideal, it's like, oh, well, game over, reset, you know.
00:04:54.720But no, no, that isn't going to be how it works.
00:04:56.460It's just, it's going to get better and better and better.
00:05:00.740And it's, it's why it's life is the perfect game.
00:05:03.860I mean, if you have a really good, for those of us who've played video games, you have a really good video game or even a really good book or even a really good movie series or a show.
00:05:11.760And it comes to the end and you're like, oh, there's a huge letdown at the termination of this thing.
00:05:17.740That's been incredibly engaging, especially if you win.
00:05:21.400You win and you get this moment satisfaction, but it's replaced almost immediately by the disappointment of the cessation of the game and the recognition that you're in a finite game when you really want to be playing the infinite game.
00:05:32.700And that's what life is, the infinite game of renewal of life.
00:05:39.440And it's hard as hell and it's hard as hell at the same time.
00:05:43.660And that's, that's the way we would want it.
00:05:45.500Well, it seems like that's the way we want it.
00:05:47.660I mean, that's another thing I talk about a little bit in the new book is like, well, when you look back on your past, it's generally having done something difficult that you remember positively, I would say.
00:06:01.940So, so then there's something about you that craves difficulty, optimal difficulty, at least, strangely enough.
00:06:11.900Going online without ExpressVPN is like not paying attention to the safety demonstration on a flight.
00:06:18.740Most of the time, you'll probably be fine.
00:06:20.740But what if one day that weird yellow mask drops down from overhead and you have no idea what to do?
00:06:26.420In our hyper-connected world, your digital privacy isn't just a luxury.
00:06:31.380Every time you connect to an unsecured network in a cafe, hotel, or airport, you're essentially broadcasting your personal information to anyone with a technical know-how to intercept it.
00:06:40.760And let's be clear, it doesn't take a genius hacker to do this.
00:06:44.060With some off-the-shelf hardware, even a tech-savvy teenager could potentially access your passwords, bank logins, and credit card details.
00:06:51.440Now, you might think, what's the big deal?
00:08:19.300Distraction is definitely fog, and you'll distract yourself.
00:08:25.580I think you distract yourself mostly when your conscience is bothering you, because you don't want to face what it is in your life that is uncomfortable.
00:08:35.560That chapter is, again, quite practical.
00:08:37.680It's a reminder to pay attention often to negative emotion, resentment, and that sort of thing, because it can tell you, well, resentment is very useful.
00:08:49.700Maybe you get, maybe your partner is talking to someone, and they're a little bit more animated than you'd like, and you get jealous.
00:08:56.600And that jealousy is associated with a whole set of insecurities.
00:09:00.380Or maybe they're flirting, and they shouldn't be.
00:09:05.980It's not that easy to determine, and maybe you'll have a big fight about that.
00:09:09.320But you could just as well pretend that didn't happen.
00:09:46.120And this chapter is an attempt to distinguish repression from this hiding in the fog.
00:09:50.600It's that you get a hint that something's wrong.
00:09:53.180And then you have to unpack that hint to pull the information out.
00:09:59.880You know, so maybe your partner is flirting, and they shouldn't be.
00:10:04.360And so then you have to find out why they're dissatisfied with the relationship, or what's tempting them, or what is crooked in their soul at the moment, or what they're dissatisfied about.
00:10:16.360Terrible journey of exploration and discovery.
00:10:20.260You know, that's always presented as something that's positive.
00:10:33.880You know, because all it does is leave that, those things grow and multiply in the dark.
00:10:39.180And if you ignore them, they just cascade.
00:10:41.140Do you think that's just self-protection for most people, that most people, they see it, they know that truth behind them, whether it's about their partner or whatever it might be, but it's just self-protection.
00:10:53.320Like, oh, I just got to keep moving on as things are, that we're just creatures of habit or something like that.
00:10:58.120Well, sometimes it's that, and it especially gets to be that if it's accumulated for a long time.
00:11:05.080Because if you wouldn't deal with it when it was a kitten, you're not going to deal with it when it's a full-grown lion.
00:11:11.040And so, but I think mostly it's something else I return to in the book is it's deceit, resentment, and arrogance.
00:35:20.500I'm thinking more that you might observe yourself engaging in activities that you find despicable, even right then,
00:35:28.960but certainly later when your conscience dwells on them, and that you should stop doing that.
00:35:34.380Because that's a form of behavioral lie.
00:35:37.100I think the only thing we have to orient ourselves is, as individuals, is our willingness to live a life that's relatively free of unnecessary deceit, or of deceit at all.
00:35:56.620How can we add a sense of urgency to it?
00:35:59.200Well, I would say by reminding yourself that life is short, that'll add a sense of urgency.
00:36:11.180By noticing, you know, I calculated, I don't know, my parents are, when my parents were in their 70s, 60s perhaps, I usually saw them about once every two years.
00:36:23.160We communicate a lot more than that, but we live a long ways apart.
00:36:26.580So I calculated, you know, well, my dad's probably going to live until his mid-80s or late, you know, somewhere in there.
00:44:06.780Well, it's also the case that if you decide that you're going to delve into trouble as it arises, you're likely not to avoid the delve-in process more than necessary.
00:44:19.220So the thing won't grow into a monster that's quite so large, you know.
00:44:23.520So once the relationship you have with your intimate partner is reasonably well-constituted, and you decide that you're going to address problems as they arise, then it's less burdensome than the total reconfiguration that might be necessary before any of that has been started.
00:44:43.400It's a form of mental hygiene, I would say, in some sense.
00:44:47.200And you do get better at that with practice.
00:44:50.280And perhaps you also get less likely to jump to the worst possible negative conclusion.
00:45:05.900If you feel like you're built for more, if you want to grow, if you want to improve, if you want to become a better human, but you don't have people around you that also want to, you're scared that you're going to lose friends.
00:45:17.680You're scared that you're going to be alone as you start to go out on a journey of self-improvement.
00:45:23.440How can people find the courage to do that?
00:45:26.360Well, one thing they can do is contemplate the consequences of not doing it.
01:04:41.660You put it away and you don't, you know, you force it down into the unconscious and it rattles around down there causing trouble.
01:04:46.980So that isn't exactly, that can happen, I think, but that isn't generally the key to what makes, what Freud was trying to get at with repression so clinically and practically valid.
01:05:01.840It's more reasonable to think about it as a form of voluntary inattentiveness.
01:05:06.280So let's say I use this example in the book.
01:05:12.600Let's say you find yourself irritated at your wife when she's showing some attention to a neighbor and you're in a bad mood because of that.
01:05:24.140And you know you're in a bad mood and you notice it, but you don't go there.
01:05:30.680You know, you can have discussions with people and you think, well, I'm not going there.
01:05:34.460And the reason you're not going there is because it's sort of surrounded by negative emotion, anger, defensiveness, and all that.
01:05:41.040And you know that there's something under the surface that hasn't been made explicit.
01:05:45.260And if you delved into it, it would cause a lot of trouble.
01:05:48.580And, you know, maybe you'd figure out what was wrong, but there would be a lot of trouble.
01:06:26.720You don't know why you're being rebuffed.
01:06:29.340If you're rebuffed 50 times in a row, there's going to be a lot of information in all those rejections.
01:06:35.920And you're going to have to think for a long time about what the patterns are that characterize those rejections.
01:06:43.060And then you're going to have to extract from that a picture of why you're inadequate or why the opposite sex is corrupt and deceitful and prejudicial, which is the wrong conclusion to derive.
01:06:55.320And you'll build a picture of your own inadequacy and then you have to notice how far you are away from the ideal as a consequence of that inadequacy.
01:07:06.060So, you see, you can extract out information that would be salutary for the development of your personality from doing pattern analysis of repeated failures.
01:07:20.780I mean, that relates very much to, you know, when you talk about internal versus external locus of control, let's suppose I have failed three times in businesses.
01:07:32.180So, to link back to your story about, you know, the rejections of the bar.
01:07:37.240But in this case, I'm an entrepreneur who has failed on three separate occasions in three separate business endeavors.
01:07:44.780If I am someone who is going to attribute each of those failures externally, it's God.
01:07:57.000So, I always attribute those failures externally.
01:07:59.120I am removing the possibility of having a feedback loop of learning where I attribute some of those failures to decisions that I made so that when I go to my fourth business endeavor, I actually don't implement some of the reasons why I failed.
01:08:14.720So, in a sense, your attribution style, internal versus external, could be contributing to you either going into the fog or getting out of the fog, correct?
01:08:24.720Well, yeah, I think that's a useful way of looking at it.
01:08:28.820We could talk about internal versus external there, too.
01:08:31.520So, if you have an external locus of control, you view yourself as that which is being acted upon.
01:08:49.860Maybe you need a dozen failures before you've gathered enough information to be a successful entrepreneur, right?
01:08:56.780So, that's where external locus of control is actually useful.
01:09:00.540So, you can't necessarily tell to begin with which one is going to work.
01:09:04.240If you always use an external locus of control, the problem then is that you're never driven to change anything about your fossilized ideas.
01:09:13.000And the old dead king that is operating your thoughts never gets dethroned.
01:09:18.400So, the problem is, is if you have an internal locus of control and it always operates, the probability that you're going to get depressed is quite high because every failure is your fault.
01:09:29.620You know, it might be indicative of a fundamental flaw.
01:09:32.480So, it's really tricky to get this balance right.
01:09:35.300As a matter of fact, and I mean, of course, you would know this since you just hinted at it.
01:09:39.860When I tell my students about this fundamental attribution error of attributing successes internally and attributing failures externally, the only group that doesn't suffer from that glowing, rosy fundamental attribution error are depressives, right?
01:09:54.700And I'm not sure if the research now has said it clearly, whether it's because I start off with a non-rosy view of the world, that causes me to be more likely to be depressed, or is it when I am in a bout of depression, the glossy goes away?
01:10:11.300Have they resolved the chicken and egg?
01:10:12.860Well, Jesus, okay, so this is a good place to talk about something else that's somewhat archetypal.
01:10:17.560Every time you learn something, generally speaking, it comes as a surprise, right?
01:10:24.960There's no, and this is technically true, that which is not surprising contains no information.
01:10:30.900It's virtually a definition of information, right?
01:10:34.040Okay, if it surprises you, it means it violates one of your presuppositions.
01:10:39.420Okay, so then, now that means that presupposition has to die.
01:10:43.600And I mean die, because it's actually instantiated on a biological platform.
01:10:50.760Let's say it's a neural structure, or a neural pattern.
01:10:53.560I don't care, it's still a structure, even if it's a pattern.
01:10:55.840It'd be the interconnections between neurons.
01:10:58.260That thing has to be punished out of existence.
01:13:02.780It's like it's blown out so much of your presupposition network that you might not be able to get yourself back up and going again.
01:13:09.660If you look at the genesis of depression, major depressive disorder, it's very, very frequently the case that the first episode is brought on by some major trauma, like some genuinely horrible event.
01:13:24.900And then the nervous system is somewhat compromised after that, and lesser events can produce an equal response.
01:13:31.220So, it's no wonder we hide things in the fog.
01:13:37.660But sometimes when you hide something in the fog, it just grows.
01:13:41.580And then when it does come out, it's trauma.
01:13:44.540Like, instead of having an argument about flirting, you end up in divorce court, you know, debating who's going to have custody of your kids for the next 10 years.
01:13:54.640Well, on a very, on a very pragmatic level, I could tell you that in my own marriage, the way that my wife and I deal with, I mean, we rarely, truly, frankly, have any conflicts.
01:14:06.860But the equivalent of your story about the flirtatious, sorry, there's a haircut, a flirtatious neighbor.
01:14:12.640If that were to happen, I'm someone who doesn't let things fester in me, and so I will confront the negative emotions that I'm feeling at the moment, deal with them, and then we hug it out and we move on.
01:14:28.760I'm very, very intolerant internally to an environment of stress, of poutiness, of turning, I just, maybe it's part of my openness.
01:14:39.920Maybe it's my gregariousness, maybe, so I can't function in that environment.
01:15:03.500I mean, I think I could handle it well.
01:15:05.820I mean, probably the most negative feedback that I ever can receive is one that is created in my own mind, meaning that I am my worst critic, I am my worst, right?
01:15:17.140I am a pathological perfectionist person.
01:15:20.360So most of the, what I call the looping thoughts, right?
01:15:25.980The intrusive looping thoughts that would constitute the majority of my lived experience in terms of negative emotions internally stem from me imposing this on myself.
01:15:37.360Well, I was wondering because, you know, you said you're someone who's intolerant of poutiness and that sort of thing.
01:15:43.100And that, that I'm like that too, to the degree that I engage in conflict, it's usually because I see something like that happening and I want to get it cleared up.
01:16:06.300I'd rather say something about now than later.
01:16:08.420And if I were going to, if I were going to kind of do a Freudian thing of linking it back to childhood and so on, I would say that, and I, I, I've never shared this ever publicly in the past.
01:16:21.140My, my home life with my parents was such that my parents, although they were married for 60 plus years, they got married in 1950.
01:16:29.160They're still both alive, had an acrimonious relationship with one another and that there was a lot of, if not overt hostility, certainly latent under, you know, I used to always joke that whatever, all the horrors that I experienced in the Lebanese civil war was nothing compared to some of the horrors of the conflicts between them, which wasn't always, it's not like they were beating each other up, but there was this constant hostility.
01:16:55.080And so maybe in part because of that, I seek to exactly never recreate that in my own home.
01:17:03.220And so, you know, I, I, my wife and I have a lot of public displays of affection towards each other.
01:17:09.600And I think, my God, I mean, my children see the love that my wife and I express to each other in a given day, more than the amount that I've seen my parents exhibit towards one another in 50 years.
01:17:21.060And so maybe that is part of the intolerance, which is, I lived that and I don't want to replicate that.
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