The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast


407. Discussing Communism in All its Glory | Michael Malice


Summary

In this episode, Dr. Jordan B. Peterson sits down with the author of The White Pill, Michael M. Mellis, to discuss his new book, "The White Pill: A Guide to Soviet Communism and How It Created A Totalitarianism." Dr. Peterson and Mr. Melsis discuss the ideological and psychological consequences of Soviet communism, and the role of Ayn Rand in creating the ideology that led to the fall of the Soviet system, as well as the theories and theories that have been used to explain why the communist system failed and why it was replaced by a communist one. Dr. B.P. offers a roadmap towards healing, showing that, while the journey isn t easy, it s absolutely possible to find your way forward. If you're suffering, please know you are not alone. There's hope, and there's a path to feeling better. Go to Daily Wire Plus now and start watching Dr. P. Peterson's new series on Depression and Anxiety. Let this be the first step towards the brighter future you deserve. -Let this be a step towards a brighter future that you deserve, and a better life you can live in a better, more peaceful, more free and more prosperous world. Peace, Blessings, Eternally grateful, and Happy Manifesting, -EDUCATION - Dr. J.B. Peterson and Dr. Michael Melses, MD, PhD, PhD (The White P Pill, The White Puff, The Last Man's Guide to Communism and Anarchism, The New York Times Square, New York, NY, NY - Michael Mellis, PhD - The White pill, The Other Man, The Old Man's Notebook, The New Man, - The New Woman's Guide, Michael Melliis, Jr., PhD, The Great White Pill? Michael talks about how the White Pill is a guide to communism and Communism and Communism, and how it led to a better future, and what it means to be free, and more freedom, and why we should all be free from the Stalinist system, not less so than the Soviet Union, not just in the first place, but in the second half of the Second World War, and in the Third World, and China, the Great Revolution, and America, and much more. , and how we can learn from it, we can all learn from the lessons from history, and learn from history.


Transcript

00:00:00.960 Hey everyone, real quick before you skip, I want to talk to you about something serious and important.
00:00:06.480 Dr. Jordan Peterson has created a new series that could be a lifeline for those battling depression and anxiety.
00:00:12.740 We know how isolating and overwhelming these conditions can be, and we wanted to take a moment to reach out to those listening who may be struggling.
00:00:20.100 With decades of experience helping patients, Dr. Peterson offers a unique understanding of why you might be feeling this way in his new series.
00:00:27.420 He provides a roadmap towards healing, showing that while the journey isn't easy, it's absolutely possible to find your way forward.
00:00:35.360 If you're suffering, please know you are not alone. There's hope, and there's a path to feeling better.
00:00:41.780 Go to Daily Wire Plus now and start watching Dr. Jordan B. Peterson on depression and anxiety.
00:00:47.460 Let this be the first step towards the brighter future you deserve.
00:00:57.420 Hello, everyone. I have the pleasure today of sitting and talking with Michael Mellis, and we start by talking about his book, The White Pill.
00:01:17.160 And his book is a walk through the catastrophes of the Soviet era, the dire hell that emerged in the aftermath of the formulation of the hypothetical workers' paradise and a description of how that dreadful system, how and why that dreadful system came to an end.
00:01:35.360 But we also talk about something, I suppose, more fundamental, if there is something more fundamental than that, which is a conceptualization of what appropriate social and psychological relations might look like in alternative to dogmatic and structured government.
00:01:57.580 I hash out with Michael the precise reason that his attention has been attracted by the claims of anarchism, per se.
00:02:08.820 I'm always curious about dissociating anarchism, say, from a kind of impulsive hedonism.
00:02:13.580 So we drag Ayn Rand into the mix to sort that out and come to conclusions that I think are, well, they're interesting and likely appropriate, concentrating particularly on voluntary association as the antithesis to power, right?
00:02:31.480 Power and compulsion.
00:02:32.780 The power and compulsion that inevitably leads to tyranny and hell.
00:02:36.960 So that's the conversation.
00:02:38.340 So I was reading your book this morning, The White Pill, and I've read a fair bit of Russian history in the 20th century and some before that.
00:02:54.640 But every time I re-encounter it, it never really stopped stunning me, the brutality that was associated with that regime.
00:03:05.580 I mean, it's obviously the case that the same can be said about what happened in Nazi Germany and perhaps even to a greater extent what happened in Maoist China.
00:03:16.800 Although that's a competition between pretty deep hells.
00:03:21.080 But it never stops being surreally unbelievable to me that things can go that badly.
00:03:29.380 And I thought maybe what we do here is start with two – I'll read a couple of things from your book.
00:03:35.920 One kind of ideological and then the other just a description of the consequences of the ideology.
00:03:42.900 So you write about this Berkman character who was an anarchist agitator for the working class in the United States who had the – what he thought was the good fortune to go to Russia after the revolution to see the workers' paradise in action.
00:04:03.660 To be deported.
00:04:04.500 He was deported by Hoover.
00:04:05.820 Right, right, right, right.
00:04:07.420 And he said with his friend – what was her name?
00:04:10.800 Emma Goldman.
00:04:11.340 Goldman, Emma Goldman, of course, that they were virtually motivated to kiss the ground when they landed in Russia.
00:04:19.300 Okay, so now Berkman's talking to Lenin.
00:04:21.840 And Lenin says, liberty, Lenin told Berkman, is a luxury not to be permitted at the present state of development.
00:04:29.520 When the revolution is out of danger, external and domestic.
00:04:34.280 So that's kind of an interesting idea, to be out of danger.
00:04:36.820 That's when you get to have liberty.
00:04:38.240 It's when there's like zero danger.
00:04:40.040 You know that happens a lot in life.
00:04:42.320 Then free speech might be indulged in.
00:04:45.420 Might.
00:04:46.100 Right.
00:04:46.620 And indulged in.
00:04:47.880 Right, right, right.
00:04:49.120 Lovely phrasing.
00:04:50.580 He's a man who meant what he said.
00:04:52.600 Insisting that, quote, enemies must be crushed and all power centralized in the communist state.
00:04:59.400 Lenin admitted that in this process, the government is often compelled to resort to unpleasant means.
00:05:05.860 But that is the imperative of the situation, right?
00:05:09.340 That's the other thing that the totalitarians always do, is that the situation right now is so bad and liable to get worse that any means whatsoever are to be justified.
00:05:21.080 Not only that, that if you stand against them, then, well, all you're doing is contributing to the eventual catastrophe.
00:05:27.640 And then, given the magnitude of the catastrophe, no punishment could possibly be severe enough for you.
00:05:34.960 But that is the imperative of the situation.
00:05:38.120 From which there can be no shrinking.
00:05:40.460 That's lovely, too.
00:05:41.840 Now, it's a moral obligation to torture people.
00:05:44.240 In the course of time, yeah, these methods will be abolished when they have become unnecessary.
00:05:51.660 So, that's lovely.
00:05:52.500 Okay, so what does that end up producing, that attitude, in mere years, when Lenin is still alive?
00:06:01.460 So, Berkman and Goldman left the Soviet Union in 1921 with complete loathing.
00:06:07.500 Her memoir of her time, there was split by her publisher into two books, given the titles of My Disillusionment in Russia, 1923, and My Further Disillusionment in Russia, 1924.
00:06:19.960 Because there were two books worth of disillusionment, and that wasn't nearly enough.
00:06:23.860 Berkman's The Bolshevik Myth came out the following year, and the two never stopped speaking about what they had seen firsthand in Russia, warning the rest of the world of the horrors that the Russian citizenry were enduring.
00:06:37.140 Remember, these were people who were hoping that a workers' revolution would produce a broad-scale improvement in the working conditions of ordinary people.
00:06:46.000 So, okay, so let's, let's, let's go up a little, let's go down a little closer to the actuality on the ground.
00:06:57.160 So, this is another quote from your book.
00:06:58.860 Life remained difficult in the USSR for years after the Russian Civil War had been won by the Bolsheviks, the communists.
00:07:06.400 Housing became even more of a concern as rural citizens flocked to the rapidly industrializing cities in search of work and food.
00:07:14.100 families became crammed into apartments that had already been occupied by other families.
00:07:20.800 Yeah, well, it was a bourgeois conceit that people needed, like, their own space.
00:07:24.940 Including their own bathrooms.
00:07:26.120 Right, well, we'll get to that right away here.
00:07:28.060 And both eviction and trying to find a new place to live effectively became impossible.
00:07:32.480 Now, that's lovely.
00:07:33.260 So, no matter how terrible the people were who you lived with, there was no possibility of doing anything about it.
00:07:39.020 Some of this was by design.
00:07:41.680 In keeping with communist ideology, the ultimate vision was to have homes without kitchens so that everyone would eat communally in government-run cafeterias.
00:07:51.140 It's a lovely idea, assuming that there's food and that the people who are cooking are motivated somehow to cook and decently and that the people cleaning up are motivated somehow other than by terror to clean up.
00:08:05.320 And then, you know, if you let the government provide your food every single day and you don't even have a storehouse or a kitchen, then what's to stop the people who are hypothetically giving you everything from stopping to provide everything that you've so foolishly allowed them to present yourself with whenever they want on any pretext whatsoever?
00:08:26.320 People think, no one would ever do that.
00:08:27.320 People think, no one would ever do that.
00:08:28.940 It's like, yeah, right.
00:08:30.680 True believer communist architects, lovely group, designed buildings where everyone would have to share bathrooms as well.
00:08:38.680 Part of an assault on bourgeois concepts such as shame, privacy, and individualism.
00:08:45.180 This created an enormous incentive for families to turn in those living with them to the authorities for the most specious of reasons, if not downright lies.
00:08:57.900 One phone call in the living quarters for one's family instantly doubled.
00:09:04.460 What's the harm?
00:09:05.980 If they weren't guilty of one thing, then surely they were guilty of another.
00:09:10.020 Yeah, I remember that from Solzhenitsyn, right?
00:09:12.020 This is what the good thinkers in the West think, too.
00:09:14.920 You know, when something happens, when the government extends its tentacles and takes away more liberties or starts threatening people, the idea is, well, if you didn't do anything wrong, you wouldn't have anything to worry about.
00:09:29.280 We still hear that today.
00:09:30.220 Oh, absolutely.
00:09:31.280 We hear that all the time.
00:09:32.920 It's like, I see.
00:09:33.720 So if I never did anything wrong, I wouldn't have to worry about you.
00:09:37.900 Okay, so that means only the person who's utterly innocent has nothing to fear.
00:09:43.280 Right.
00:09:43.700 Well, yeah, that'll work out well for everyone.
00:09:47.160 And if they hadn't done anything, then surely they would have nothing to fear from the Cheka.
00:09:51.980 We'll talk about them.
00:09:53.340 Right?
00:09:53.840 This became such a commonplace occurrence that was even joked about in popular magazines of the time.
00:09:58.880 Just think, Masha, how unpleasant.
00:10:00.720 I wrote a denunciation on Galkin.
00:10:03.340 And it turns out that Balkin had a bigger room.
00:10:06.080 Yes, very funny.
00:10:06.920 Okay, so what's the end consequence of this?
00:10:11.480 I think this is in the early 20s.
00:10:13.840 This is in Ukraine.
00:10:15.900 Mass deportation starts.
00:10:18.140 Victims were about to be deported, were stripped of their shoes and their clothes taken and given to lower peasants as a bribe to ensure their cooperation.
00:10:26.680 Kulak children.
00:10:27.980 So the Kulaks were farmers who actually produced food.
00:10:31.320 That was basically the definition of a Kulak or who could conceivably produce food or had ancestors that might have once produced food.
00:10:38.860 These Kulak children were left as beggars on the street.
00:10:42.660 Those transported to Siberia, where there was no buildings, by the way, and where it was winter often.
00:10:49.000 Often?
00:10:49.700 Often, yes.
00:10:50.680 Well, it's Siberia after all.
00:10:52.560 Often, yeah.
00:10:53.160 Those transported to Siberia faced insuperable hardship.
00:10:56.840 Yes, and insuperable by design.
00:10:58.680 If a village existed, they were squeezed into it.
00:11:01.080 Otherwise, they were simply abandoned without shelter in extreme cold and ordered to build dwellings.
00:11:06.640 Many managed to do so by working almost around the clock without sleep in order that they and the others would not freeze to death.
00:11:12.700 Those employed as forced labor in mining regions faced starving rations of one bowl of thin gruel a day and eight to ten ounces of bread.
00:11:21.260 They died in waves.
00:11:22.800 No matter.
00:11:23.680 Their numbers were replenished by the arrival of new deportees.
00:11:27.820 And then we'll read this too, I think, because this is where it, I don't know, is this as bad as it got?
00:11:35.220 Probably not.
00:11:36.100 You'd never find the bottom.
00:11:37.980 It thus became common.
00:11:39.320 This is during the Kulak starvation.
00:11:41.080 It thus became common for villagers to spy and inform on one another.
00:11:45.280 Turning in a neighbor for having a sack of grain might be the easiest and safest way to procure food for one's family.
00:11:51.960 Not only was there a guarantee of a meal, but there was now a guarantee that said meal wouldn't be seized by the requisitioners who were going from house to house looking for any evidence that you might have even literally even a grain of wheat somewhere on the premises.
00:12:05.560 Furthermore, those who could not produce a quota of grain during starvation conditions were subject to a fine of five times the value of what the grain would have been.
00:12:15.680 Yet another reason to seize property and savings.
00:12:18.560 Not having the food to fulfill one's quota was taken as evidence, if not downright proof, that one must have been hiding it.
00:12:25.900 And if the food was being hidden, then why was it being handed over?
00:12:29.900 Many of the tactics, however, could only be explained by pure sadism.
00:12:34.140 In some villages, the requisitioners went from house to house killing all the dogs and taking their bodies with them for good measure.
00:12:41.680 Fingers would be slammed in doorways or needles jammed under fingernails.
00:12:45.740 Those found concealing food were robbed of their remaining possessions, evicted from their homes and thrown into the snow without any clothes.
00:12:53.680 To ensure that the starving peasants did not somehow steal the food that they so desperately needed, fields and barns were kept under armed guard.
00:13:02.760 The activists even came for the tools used for making food, breaking millstones necessary to process grain.
00:13:10.000 If they took soup from a hungry family, they made sure to take the pot as well.
00:13:14.580 We'll end with this one.
00:13:15.620 One day, as I waited in a queue in front of the store to buy bread, I saw a farm girl of about 15 years of age in rags and with starvation looking out of her eyes.
00:13:25.800 She stretched out her hand to everyone who bought bread, asking for a few crumbs.
00:13:30.600 At last, she reached the storekeeper.
00:13:33.420 This man must have been some newly arranged stranger who either could not or would not speak Ukrainian.
00:13:40.340 He began to berate her, said she was too lazy to work on the farm and hit her outstretched hand with the blunt edge of a knife blade.
00:13:49.240 The girl fell down and lost a crumb of bread she was holding in the other hand.
00:13:54.020 Then the storekeeper stepped closer, kicked the girl and roared,
00:13:57.600 Get up! Go home and get to work!
00:14:00.080 The girl groaned, stretched out and died.
00:14:02.760 Some in the queue began to weep.
00:14:04.820 Yes, well there, a little walk through communism in all of its glory.
00:14:10.540 So you start your book with...
00:14:11.980 There's one line after that where he chastises the people online who are crying for the dying girl.
00:14:17.060 And he says, oh, it looks like enemies of the people are everywhere.
00:14:19.400 Right.
00:14:20.040 So to make sure you're not even showing sympathy for this kid who just starved in front of you.
00:14:24.540 Right, right.
00:14:25.420 Yeah, well, one of the things, you know, one of the things I learned from Rudik Solzhenits,
00:14:29.880 so absolutely bloody brutal was, and it was in keeping with what you just said,
00:14:33.980 was that once you establish a state like the Russians established,
00:14:38.640 where heaven is claimed to reign when hell actually prevails,
00:14:43.820 you can't even admit to your own suffering, much less the suffering of other people,
00:14:48.160 because to admit that you're in pain is an accusation against the state,
00:14:54.580 because, like, well, who are you to be in pain?
00:14:57.460 The glorious socialist workers' revolution has come.
00:15:02.380 There's no such thing as pain.
00:15:04.020 And so then you're in a situation where you suffer and everyone around you suffers,
00:15:08.280 and now if you dare to admit it, then you suffer more.
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00:16:49.680 There was a line in the gulags where one of the, Eleanor Lipman, I believe it's her name, says that not only did they want to torture us, they want us to thank them for it.
00:17:03.140 Yeah, right.
00:17:04.020 So to even acknowledge that something is wrong or an issue is, in fact, criticism of the state.
00:17:10.940 And the only people who are criticizing the state are, by definition, counter-revolutionaries, who not only want to, therefore, overthrow the government, but pretty much want what's worse for everybody.
00:17:21.600 So when people like this exist, there is nothing that is too bad to be done to them because they are monsters who must be wiped off the face of the earth.
00:17:31.880 There is this line when the secret police just talked about how when you're chopping wood, chips will fly, because his point was, it's better to kill nine innocent people to get to that one spy, because that is what happens when you have a society based on the common good before the individual good.
00:17:52.280 They tell you constantly and explicitly, you do not matter.
00:17:56.800 We are building a great society for the sake of all.
00:18:00.300 You are one little data point.
00:18:02.140 You and your family are completely irrelevant.
00:18:05.360 So fall in line.
00:18:06.040 At best, irrelevant.
00:18:06.640 At best.
00:18:07.800 So fall in line because everyone else is falling in line.
00:18:10.820 And what makes you so special?
00:18:12.120 Yeah.
00:18:12.820 So I have to tell you, I'm sorry.
00:18:14.640 It's just, you know, being born in the Soviet Union and having worked in this was very difficult.
00:18:20.000 But hearing it coming from you and just this kind of arm is length thing is just getting me all agitated once again,
00:18:26.880 because it's the kind of situation that is, as Americans and a Canadian, almost incomprehensible.
00:18:34.620 You know, the book starts with Ayn Rand and it's on the back cover, where she testified in front of the House on American Activist Committee.
00:18:42.920 And she says, it's almost impossible to convey to a free people what it's like to live in a totalitarian dictatorship.
00:18:48.680 She goes, I could give you a lot of details.
00:18:50.740 I could never completely convince you.
00:18:52.760 And she goes, in a way it's good that you can't even conceive what it's like.
00:18:55.180 Like, imagine what it's like to live from morning till night in constant terror.
00:18:59.780 And at night you're waiting for the doorbell to ring where you don't know who or what is going to do or when it's going to do what to you.
00:19:05.920 Because you have friends who spy on you.
00:19:08.140 Or your family members.
00:19:09.000 Or your family member.
00:19:10.160 Where you live in a country where human life means nothing, less than nothing, and you know it.
00:19:14.540 And you're reminded of it constantly.
00:19:16.040 Yeah.
00:19:16.540 And purposefully.
00:19:17.440 Yes.
00:19:17.760 And where power has been delivered to the hands of the most sadistic people you can possibly imagine, who claim constantly that they're doing nothing except operating in the name of the highest good.
00:19:30.060 I will correct you because I think they're more sadistic than you could possibly imagine.
00:19:33.900 Because if you and I sat down and tried to think of sadistic things to do, we would not be creative enough as people with the slightest bit of conscience to think of the things that they did in the Soviet Union and in mouse China.
00:19:47.960 It would just never enter our heads.
00:19:49.920 So why did you write this book?
00:19:52.260 I mean, there are other histories of Russian brutality, obviously.
00:19:56.440 And it's also the case, I would say, that if people were inclined to educate themselves, this is something we can talk about in detail, if people in the West were inclined to educate themselves about the inevitability, the inevitable consequences of, let's say, a communist revolution, there are plenty of sources to draw from.
00:20:17.440 The Black Book of Communism, everything socialists wrote, for example.
00:20:21.420 I mean, and books by Robert Conquest.
00:20:23.920 Yes.
00:20:24.180 I mean, we know this.
00:20:25.820 We know this, or we could know it.
00:20:28.020 Now, you know, one of the things that stunned me, and I suppose it was one of the first, what would you say, the first source of insights I had into the absolute corruption of the modern education system in the West was that I taught a module on Alexander Solzhenitsyn in my personality class, which was a second year class.
00:20:48.840 I taught it at Harvard and then at the University of Toronto.
00:20:51.000 So, I was teaching it to pretty damn bright students, and they were in the 14th year of their education.
00:20:57.800 And I taught it because Solzhenitsyn was essentially an existentialist psychologist in many ways.
00:21:04.820 He extended the work that was done by Viktor Frankl, who wrote a great book called Man's Search for Meaning.
00:21:09.640 But Solzhenitsyn went even deeper.
00:21:11.300 And what stunned me was, despite the fact that we had carried on a Cold War for 40 years to try to defeat this absolutely brutal ideology, almost brought the world to the brink of nuclear disaster, that 130, 40 million people had been slaughtered in the 20th century in its name, that most of the students had absolutely no bloody idea that any of this ever happened.
00:21:35.180 And I thought, how in the hell can we be that?
00:21:39.200 You know what they say, there is none so blind as those who will not see.
00:21:43.220 And so, you wrote this.
00:21:44.760 Why did you write it?
00:21:45.560 I think you just answered my question, because the fact that this was the absolutely unambiguously number one foreign policy issue for the greater part of the 20th century, that all foreign policy was viewed through the lens of the Cold War.
00:21:59.640 And the fact that the Soviet Union has now not only been memory hole, but has become a bit of a kitschy joke, that you can go to Whole Foods and have like Russian brand ice cream, and they mean Russian like Soviet era brand ice cream, and they make little jokes about it.
00:22:12.340 Yeah, it's strange.
00:22:14.020 It's not strange.
00:22:15.280 Strange can be morally ambiguous.
00:22:17.460 It's depraved, in my opinion.
00:22:19.180 No, but here's the strange part of it, is, you know, is that that's true of the Soviet Union, but it's not true of Nazi Germany.
00:22:27.480 Now, I have heard that in South Korea, there is Nazi kitsch.
00:22:32.600 And in India as well, they have Hitler ice cream.
00:22:34.820 And in India.
00:22:35.880 Okay, but here, it's been the case that, apart from the Mel Brooks Broadway production, right, Springtime for Hitler, or that wasn't the production exactly, I think there was...
00:22:47.520 That was a song.
00:22:48.200 That was a song.
00:22:48.680 It was a song in it.
00:22:49.840 Yeah, right.
00:22:50.500 That was the only time that I actually saw, like a kitschy kind of parody.
00:22:54.900 It was still a dark parody.
00:22:55.900 Hitler and the Nazis are still off limits for what would demented nostalgia.
00:23:02.200 But that doesn't seem to be the case, as you pointed out, for the communist regime.
00:23:05.720 Because we're the good guys in World War II, and the people we sided with, therefore, are the good guys.
00:23:11.280 So to have the narrative explained that we had to deal with the devil to deal with the worst devil is to...
00:23:17.660 And the fact that there are many agencies, the U.S. government and the newspapers who are still in power today, that they were the ones who helped to cover up Stalin's atrocities, possibly in the sake of something that needed to happen to win World War II.
00:23:32.540 But they never went back and were like, guys, this is hardly someone who is an angel.
00:23:39.500 You know, Churchill and FDR are calling him Uncle Joe at Yalta and things like this.
00:23:45.100 There was a huge movement to censor in Hollywood anything that implies that Russia is dishonest or brutal or harmful.
00:23:53.300 Like, they are our allies.
00:23:54.580 We have to portray them in the best possible light.
00:23:56.480 This is the war effort.
00:23:57.680 So the fact that there isn't this easy narrative that, like, wait a minute, you know, because our foreign policy is always we're the good guys.
00:24:04.900 Whoever we're against is the bad guys.
00:24:06.300 So to have any kind of ambiguity of that, even historical, is something that I think our corporate media, which is very dedicated to promulgating binary thinking, good versus bad, black versus evil, is something that they're very heavily invested in.
00:24:21.220 And to answer your previous question, that is why I wrote this book, because I thought it was insane that something that is, again, the number one issue of the 20th century in this regard is something that educated, highly educated people know very little about.
00:24:37.140 But the reason—
00:24:38.000 And don't want to.
00:24:38.720 And don't want to.
00:24:39.780 In fact, when Emma Goldman spoke in London shortly after she left the Soviet Union, there was all these lefties standing ovation.
00:24:47.640 And when she's like, this is not what we want, these people are destroying the workers, you could hear a pin drop.
00:24:54.580 They did not want to hear it.
00:24:56.180 But the other reason what's different from this, from Conquest and Solzhenits and these other books, is this book is a story of hope.
00:25:01.820 Because why I feel so hopeful in many ways about the West, and maybe I'm delusional and that's a separate issue, is the fact is that this depravity was defeated.
00:25:11.620 And it was defeated in our lifetimes, and it was defeated relatively painlessly and relatively easily.
00:25:17.020 So if you have that model of the victory of all these peoples after so much sacrifice to overthrow these demonic, satanic regimes, is, I think, one of the happiest endings imaginable.
00:25:32.960 Right, right.
00:25:33.980 And the emergence back into freedom of the Eastern Europeans who are doing well now.
00:25:37.780 One after another, and this was in the 80s, we have color footage, you can watch it on YouTube, but, you know, this, again, the narrative is too complicated for entities like the New York Times to tell that story.
00:25:48.840 Yeah.
00:25:49.400 All right.
00:25:49.780 So maybe part of it, too, with regards to the distinction between the Nazi regime and the communist regime, I've tried to think this through a lot, and maybe this is also why we can't exactly remember it.
00:26:03.140 It's very difficult to shake the hope that there is a form of hyper-organized government, let's say, that can provide, well, can provide what?
00:26:15.440 That can provide, period, that there's a form of social organization that would permanently rescue people from the world of want that seems to be the lot of man.
00:26:27.740 I mean, now, we have erected a technological enterprise that has freed us from privation to a large degree, so it is the case that if we organize ourselves intelligently, that we can push back against the tragedies of the world.
00:26:46.920 And the logical extension of that, or a logical extension of that, I suppose, is that it's something like a permanently utopian state characterized by the brotherhood of man, right, without concern for creed, race, or color, where everyone's equal, which starts to become a very, you know, difficult proposition.
00:27:06.480 And the communists, in principle, offered that, and it's actually, in some ways, one of the things that distinguishes them from the Nazis, because the Nazis offered that, too, but only for a certain group of people, whereas the communists did promote a universal brotherhood.
00:27:22.980 You know, I've asked some of my Jewish friends why communism was particularly attractive in the Soviet Union to Jewish intellectuals of the time, and I would say it's partly because utopian schemes of that sort tend to be more attractive to intellectuals, period.
00:27:37.700 But the wisest answer I got was that that offering of universal brotherhood, where all the distinctions between different creeds and races and religions would be abolished, in principle, was attractive to people who'd been the brunt of ethnic and religious conflict, often murderous, for, you know, for centuries.
00:28:00.500 And so, we have this longing within us for the emergence of something approximating a paradisal state, and then it's very easy to be sucked into two propositions, is that one, that state could be brought about by organization and government fiat, right?
00:28:21.260 And two, that that, what would you say, that that organization could provide everyone with what was wanted, without there being shatteringly negative consequences of handing other people that much power.
00:28:35.400 So, see, it's a mystery, because you'd think that we could learn, why do you think it's so difficult for people to learn that the dream of a worker's paradise that's predicated on something like radical equality, almost inevitably degenerates into, perhaps inevitably degenerates into something so murderous that you can't even comprehend it?
00:28:58.960 Because I think, because I think it speaks to the inherent narcissism of intellectuals, because we're the ones who are going to do it right.
00:29:06.360 They didn't have me to run the ship.
00:29:08.880 They had dumb people.
00:29:10.300 Oh, if only, I'm sure you see this every single day with any faculty, any kind of administration, any college.
00:29:17.000 We're the one, everyone else is stupid but me.
00:29:19.200 If I was in charge of this ship, we'd land it to shore safely and happily.
00:29:23.580 And to speak to why it was so popular with Jewish intellectuals specifically, if the choice was the czar and pogroms, where you're by law mandated to live in a ghetto, and every so often the police and the citizenry are going to ride through that ghetto, kill and rape, not only with impunity, but with the cheers of the populace and the state, and the alternative is everyone's going to be equal and you're going to have a stake in making society that works for the sake of all, it's not a difficult choice to make for this certain population.
00:29:51.500 Yeah, well, that first comment you made, you know, that's, so I've spent a lot of time, especially recently, writing about the Luciferian intelligence.
00:30:00.900 Yes.
00:30:01.580 And the Luciferian intelligence, so the reason I use that term in particular is because of Milton's characterization of Lucifer, right?
00:30:08.660 So you can think of Lucifer as the embodiment of evil.
00:30:13.260 What's his name?
00:30:15.260 Berkman?
00:30:16.340 Master and Margarita.
00:30:17.840 Now there's a book, a great Russian novelist wrote a book called The Master and Margarita in the 1930s, and in that book, Satan himself comes back to Earth in USSR, but no one believes in him, so he can do whatever he wants, right?
00:30:31.360 And so, so Bulgakov is his name, and it's a great book, it's like a Dostoevskian level book, it's a great book, but Milton characterized Lucifer as God's highest angel gone most spectacularly wrong, and Lucifer's the light bringer, and he's essentially associated with the intellect.
00:30:50.300 And the idea, the dreamlike idea that Milton laid out in his poetic masterpiece, Paradise Lost, was that if the intellect attempts to reign supreme, it instantly produces hell, right?
00:31:05.880 That it has to be subordinate to something else.
00:31:07.860 Now you make a case like that, I think, implicitly in your book, because one of the things that you're proposing is that if, I think, and correct me if I'm wrong, is that if a society loses its foundation on the presumption of the ultimate worth of the individual per se, which is something like a soul concept, right?
00:31:29.560 Right, right, right, right, right. If that presumption disappears, and it's replaced by status presuppositions, or even by group identity, then hell isn't far away.
00:31:39.860 You know, I just read a book by this woman, Immaculate is her name, and she was one of the Rwandans who spent 92 days in a three-by-four bathroom.
00:31:54.340 She was one of the crammed in there with nine, seven to nine, depending on the time, other women who were basically starving to death over that period, right?
00:32:05.600 And what happened in Rwanda, even though it was quite a peaceful state, although poor, was that the notion of group identity became paramount, and then one ethnic group was set against the other.
00:32:19.780 And what happened in Rwanda is reminiscent of the sorts of things, perhaps faster and even more brutal, possibly, than what happened in the Soviet Union.
00:32:29.180 A million people killed in a span of mere months, right, in the most brutal possible way.
00:32:34.460 It was a consequence of the valorization of group identity.
00:32:37.740 You saw the same thing happening in Russia, right, because, and this happened soon after the revolution, is that the communists were attempting to eradicate bourgeoisie individuality.
00:32:48.700 And so people started to be classified and judged by group guilt.
00:32:54.920 And then almost immediately after the revolution, if you were a landowner or a property owner or anybody who'd had even a modicum of success under the czars...
00:33:03.540 Or your family.
00:33:04.200 Or your family.
00:33:04.880 Well, that's the next thing.
00:33:05.800 You were classified as an oppressor and as an enemy of the people.
00:33:09.440 But immediately it spread to your family.
00:33:13.180 Even if you didn't own anything, if you had people in your ancestry who ever dared to own anything, which meant everyone who was even vaguely...
00:33:20.440 They identified success with oppression, you know, which is something that we're trying very hard to do in our culture at the moment, too, which is absolutely catastrophic.
00:33:28.500 We're doing the same bloody things, right?
00:33:30.140 Dividing people into groups, making group identity paramount, identifying success itself with oppression.
00:33:37.780 You know, I mean, now and then people who are crooked and parasitical become successful, so to speak, temporarily.
00:33:48.120 But that doesn't justify for a moment, assuming that if one person owns something that another person doesn't, that you associate the first person's ownership with theft and oppression.
00:33:58.820 And then, of course, the communists, as you laid out, did attempt to eradicate every single form of private property whatsoever.
00:34:07.240 And the consequence of that was, well, we already read about that, is that in no time flat, you and your family were being thrown out into the snow naked for having the temerity to keep...
00:34:18.020 Like, to literally keep a cob of corn on your table so that you might either have something to eat or so that you had some seeds for the next year.
00:34:25.800 So, again, we're back to the initial problem, which is when the evidence that this goes...
00:34:34.220 Your proposition was, we can't accept the evidence that these ideological presuppositions go so starkly wrong because of something like the prideful intellect.
00:34:45.400 People just show up time and time again.
00:34:48.020 They get entranced by these ideological theories.
00:34:50.700 And they make that move that you suggested, which is, well, if I would have been in charge of the revolution with my in-depth and accurate knowledge of the niceties of utopian dogma, I would have shepherded in the promised utopia.
00:35:09.280 And why not try again?
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00:36:19.640 Well, I think if you really want to go to the roots, it goes to Plato versus Aristotle, right?
00:36:24.680 How do you approach knowledge?
00:36:26.360 Do you look at what's around you and deduce things and draw conclusions, so on and so forth?
00:36:31.440 Or do you start with your mind and this perfect world of ideas and then try to force reality to comport to your ideology?
00:36:40.120 And you saw this go through Kant, then to Hegel, then to Marx.
00:36:43.520 And basically, the whole thing is, since we know that our—you know, they called it scientific socialism, right?
00:36:49.720 That was the whole idea of communism.
00:36:51.040 It was, we're scientific, not like this market where you have these little shopkeepers with their prices and, you know, it's a complete mess and food's getting thrown out.
00:36:59.240 We're going to work scientifically.
00:37:01.260 We're going to have the big brains at the top.
00:37:02.980 We're going to figure everything out, turn the entire country into either a laboratory or a factory.
00:37:07.480 And then when things don't work out, thanks to the fact that we have it down, someone must be sabotaging it.
00:37:14.620 We have the wreckers.
00:37:15.980 Yeah.
00:37:16.080 So you have this concept of scapegoating because since we know—so again, that's the difference between, you know, if my plan doesn't work, you know, am I going to look back at the plan, fix it, tweak it, because somehow the cars I'm producing aren't working?
00:37:28.860 Or this arrogant, you know, idealistic mindset.
00:37:33.620 By idealistic, I mean this concept, which Westerns don't even understand, that ideas are more real than reality.
00:37:39.640 Since my ideas are correct and the output is incorrect, someone must be screwing up with what I know is the perfect set of ideas.
00:37:48.180 And you can't twist the thumbscrews hard enough because you're here to bring a sense of heaven on earth and to save the country and all of the world.
00:38:00.280 And Stalin even said explicitly that the further along you go in the revolution, the more brutal you have to be because it's going to be—it's like losing those last 10 pounds of fat, right?
00:38:10.980 It's going to be that much harder to weed out these capitalistic and bourgeois elements because they're going to be so much more hidden.
00:38:18.400 Plus, you have a good excuse then at that point that for things not going well because it's only the real subtle snakes that are left, right?
00:38:26.380 They're invisibly ruining everything behind the scenes.
00:38:29.220 Well, the other thing that occurs too almost immediately after the revolution when Lenin decides that everyone has to be clamped down on is that the true sadists come to the fore.
00:38:41.600 And so that also raises the specter in my imagination that it's not merely intellectual arrogance that produces this proclivity to fall hook, line, and sinker for the communist utopia, especially the one that that intellect would be in charge of, but that there's a latent sadism that's associated with that pretentious intellect that's looking for a mode of expression.
00:39:08.440 And so, you know, one of the things I used to see in my clinical practice, tell me what you think about this, and I see thinking like this that's latent in your book, you're putting your finger on it from time to time, is I'd have clients who were, you know, say 35 years old.
00:39:22.080 They were often men, these particular clients.
00:39:24.400 Women have their own pathology, but this was more a male pathology.
00:39:27.960 These were guys who were like—they're pretty damn smart in—they're intelligent in junior high, in elementary school, junior high, in high school.
00:39:37.740 You know, they were in the top 5% of the class.
00:39:40.860 They generally didn't work that hard, but they could skate by.
00:39:43.960 And everybody knew they were smart.
00:39:46.800 And that was really—that really constituted their identity.
00:39:51.200 And—but they never learned how to work.
00:39:53.160 And the fact that they had been differentially rewarded for their intellect in the absence of work meant that they developed a kind of pride that was associated with that intellect.
00:40:05.380 You know, and so you can imagine that one of the ways of turning someone into a narcissist is to reward them for something that's intrinsic to them, because a lot of whether or not you're intelligent is more or less given to you, right?
00:40:18.580 I mean, you can make someone stupider.
00:40:20.440 It's not that easy to make them more intelligent on the IQ side.
00:40:24.080 If you're—if you have an IQ of 145, which would put you in about the 99th percentile, there's a huge biological contributor to that, right?
00:40:32.720 And the benefits of good health.
00:40:34.280 So it's a talent or a gift.
00:40:35.860 And then you become proud of that.
00:40:38.080 And then these guys, the same guys, would often be not successful in their life.
00:40:44.400 And that made them bitter, because their presumption was always something like, well, I'm so smart that the world should fall at my feet.
00:40:53.940 And then the world doesn't fall at their feet.
00:40:56.220 They're not—they're less popular with women, for example, than they think they might be if the women actually had the sense to see what it was that they were passing up.
00:41:06.500 And then that consequence, that consequence of having their intellect rejected makes them bitter.
00:41:13.260 And the step from bitter to sadist is not very far away.
00:41:16.560 You know, and you see also—you see this idea being toyed with, even in the popular culture.
00:41:21.560 So I watched a fair bit of a number of episodes of the sitcom The Big Bang.
00:41:28.020 You know, and—
00:41:28.500 The Big Bang Theory?
00:41:29.060 The Big Bang Theory.
00:41:29.880 The Big Bang Theory.
00:41:30.780 Yeah, well, it was interesting to me, because it featured these nerd-type characters, right?
00:41:35.780 Who were intellectuals, you know, they're techno-intellectuals, and tended to be rather unpopular with women and awkward, and also awkward socially, but they were hyper-intelligent.
00:41:49.400 And there is this sense of aggrieved intellect that runs through the entire show that's part of the comic trope, but it's also extremely true.
00:41:59.080 And so I'm wondering if what you think of the proposition that, along with the intellect that proposes these utopian schemes, right, and doesn't like distributed problem-solving, it wants to accrue all the decision-making power to itself, because it wants the glory of doing that for itself, and it wants that for the status, and the fact that that doesn't occur produces this aggrieved nature that can't help but express itself in sadism.
00:42:27.400 Because Lenin's a great example of that, man.
00:42:30.420 I mean, it took no time at all before he turned in from the, like, working man's revolutionary, which he never was, to a sadist whose depths were—what, what?
00:42:41.440 They're unfathomable, right?
00:42:43.220 And so quickly.
00:42:44.500 Well, he was always talking about how much blood we'd need to flow, even before he got into power.
00:42:48.180 Yeah.
00:42:48.440 This is one of the reasons why they brought him back to Russia, the Germans, because they're like, once he's there, he's going to make a whole muck of it.
00:42:54.440 No one ever thought he was actually going to seize power.
00:42:56.280 But to your point about sadism, this is something I do address in the book, because there was an evolutionary process.
00:43:01.880 So one of the things that the Russians did, as you mentioned earlier, is they have these things called anekdote, which are little jokes, because you can't criticize the state, but you can make little jokes about it and get that point through without the person realizing you're being so devastating in your critique.
00:43:14.900 And there was one joke where Stalin was talking to Beria, who was his third and most brutal executioner, or maybe not most brutal, it's a competition.
00:43:21.580 But Stalin lost his pipe, and he goes, Beria, you know, my pipe's been stolen.
00:43:26.120 And then, you know, Beria goes out, and the next day, Stalin calls it in, and he's like, oh, you know, I found it, it's my drawer.
00:43:30.600 He goes, but Comrade Stalin, we've got three people to confess to it already.
00:43:33.700 So, meaning Beria's most famous quote was, show me the man, I'll show you the crime.
00:43:38.180 But there was an evolutionary process to maximize sadism for the simple reason that if you have 10 people who are interrogators, the guy who is the cruelest and most effective in his infliction of pain, psychological, physical, and otherwise, is the one who's going to get the most confessions.
00:43:54.800 He's the one who's going to get the most results.
00:43:57.320 If I'm at all a decent human being, some people are going to stand up to my tortures.
00:44:03.020 Where if I'm the one who is a complete inhuman monster who will stop at nothing to make sure that that person admits to things which are literally impossible, I'm the one who's going to get the promotion.
00:44:15.280 So, the system itself forced these people to become sadistic, because otherwise, and the thing is, it's not also a matter of, well, I'm going to lose.
00:44:24.800 It's my job.
00:44:25.880 If I'm not being cruel enough, then maybe I'm one of these wreckers.
00:44:30.540 Maybe I'm counter-revolutionary.
00:44:32.120 What's wrong with Comrade Malice?
00:44:33.440 Why can't he get any of these confessions?
00:44:35.080 Well, all his colleagues can.
00:44:36.860 Maybe I shouldn't be trusting you.
00:44:38.260 Right, right.
00:44:38.420 And if you're not trusting me, then my wife and my kids are suspect as well.
00:44:42.360 So, you know, to your point, it very much was—
00:44:44.720 Right, the most merciful torture is the counter-revolutionary.
00:44:48.180 Yes.
00:44:48.620 Yeah, right, definitely.
00:44:50.000 Well, also—
00:44:50.620 And one more, just one more point, because you were talking about it being an assault on private people.
00:44:54.800 It was an assault on civil society, on private relationships.
00:45:00.720 Right.
00:45:01.160 Because any two people who are talking are a threat to the society, to the state, because then you have the beginnings of a conspiracy.
00:45:08.780 So, you were—the kids, as you know very well, I'm sure, were taught this lesson of Pavlik Morozov.
00:45:13.680 They taught this in elementary school about the story of this boy who turned in his parents to the police because the dad was hoarding grain or something.
00:45:21.280 And Pavlik was later murdered by his dad.
00:45:23.400 And this kid, the statues of him, was regarded as valorous.
00:45:27.400 And the kids were taught, you have to turn in your parents to the police if you see them doing anything wrong, even if the cost is your life.
00:45:34.980 And the same thing, it became a crime to be married to an enemy of the people.
00:45:39.740 How are you going to plead innocent in that case, right?
00:45:41.780 Well, you should have known that your husband or your wife was engaged in counter-revolutionary activity because every citizen needs to be vigilant against the counter-revolutionaries who are trying to undermine this glorious scientific, socialistic society that we're building.
00:45:53.640 Well, then you could see very rapidly, if you think about it, how love itself would become an anti-Soviet act.
00:46:00.220 Yes.
00:46:00.820 That's bourgeois.
00:46:01.800 Love is a very bourgeois value.
00:46:03.340 Well, even—precisely, but even more directly.
00:46:07.780 Like, one of the things that happens if you love someone is that their suffering is going to hurt you.
00:46:13.100 Yes.
00:46:13.600 And so, if you love someone and they're suffering, you're going to listen to them.
00:46:17.000 And then, in a state that's already perfect, if you listen to someone suffer, you're basically listening to people utter counter-revolutionary propaganda, right?
00:46:27.380 And so, any genuine sympathy between people that would result in a truthful confession of personal catastrophe would immediately be placed in the camp of counter-revolutionary propaganda unnecessarily.
00:46:43.600 This is why Ayn Rand said that it's impossible for free people to imagine what it's like to live 100% under the dominion of the lie.
00:46:52.580 Because we can't imagine, thank God, what it would be like to be so terrified of the truth that, well, you couldn't even tell it to yourself, but worse, perhaps, you couldn't tell it to the people most around you who most particularly loved you, right?
00:47:07.340 Children or parents or spouses.
00:47:11.380 And one of the things that I learned in writing this book, and I'm not sure if even you know this, after Germany was reunified, all the Stasi-philes were made public.
00:47:19.740 So, you could, and the percent of secret police informers in East Germany.
00:47:24.500 One in three?
00:47:25.320 Yeah, it was some crazy number.
00:47:26.560 It blew the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany out of the water, as Simon Wiesenthal did point out.
00:47:30.780 He goes, the Stasi were much worse than Hitler's secret police.
00:47:32.900 Well, they were German.
00:47:33.760 They're efficient.
00:47:34.720 So, everyone in that country had to make that choice.
00:47:38.920 Do I want to look up what did they know about me?
00:47:42.240 And as importantly, who was the one turning me in?
00:47:46.060 And there's this, there's a woman named Frau Trumpelmann who had a job working in these files.
00:47:53.440 And when the reporter wrote about it, he goes, how can you work with poison and not yourself be poisoned?
00:47:58.280 So, she has to warn people.
00:47:59.880 And this one woman came in.
00:48:01.160 She had gone to jail, I think, for three or four years because she expressed an interest.
00:48:05.020 I don't even, either emigrating or just visiting outside of East Germany.
00:48:08.960 And she looked up the files and it was the man who she, it was the man she still lived with.
00:48:16.380 And just that morning, he told her, have a good day.
00:48:18.920 And she's got to go back home to this.
00:48:20.840 Yeah.
00:48:21.160 And she just collapsed.
00:48:22.360 Well, as you would.
00:48:23.480 Yeah.
00:48:23.820 And it's just like, again, this whole country had to make this kind of Faustian bargain or decision.
00:48:30.240 Do I want to know?
00:48:31.420 And again.
00:48:32.040 Dante put betrayers in the lowest level of hell.
00:48:34.160 Yes, but these are people who were like, it's been my husband since day one.
00:48:37.800 Yeah.
00:48:38.120 Or my brother or, you know, and the thing that was extremely disturbing, and this is something Americans do not get, but I think I've started to get with the result of COVID.
00:48:46.580 We, I, I as well, was of the belief that these informers had a gun to their head.
00:48:51.820 Yeah.
00:48:52.040 And Jordan, if they take me in, it's like, it's either my family or I'm turning in Jordan Peterson.
00:48:56.120 Sorry, sorry, Bucko, I'm turning you in.
00:48:58.420 They were tripping over themselves to volunteer.
00:49:00.860 I saw that in Toronto.
00:49:02.100 These are people who were bored or lonely or just one.
00:49:05.680 Or sadistic.
00:49:05.940 Or sadistic, which wanted to feel like they had something over somebody else.
00:49:08.760 Yeah.
00:49:09.020 And that is something that I think Westerners.
00:49:11.700 Well, that's also, so that's also this attempt to garner unearned moral superiority.
00:49:16.280 Yes, yes.
00:49:16.880 Right, it's like, it means if you're, during the COVID time, you could phone the state on your neighbor, and then you could inform them, perhaps, that your neighbor had gone to their relative's house for a Christmas gathering.
00:49:32.100 Yeah.
00:49:32.340 And that they were putting the population in danger.
00:49:34.900 Yeah.
00:49:35.020 And so you got to manage two things at the same time, right?
00:49:38.020 Especially if you had any lurking jealousy whatsoever of that neighbor for any reason whatsoever.
00:49:44.260 Maybe they're younger, better looking, or they didn't suffer as much, or God only knows, because there's any number of dimensions of comparison.
00:49:50.780 Or a minority.
00:49:51.840 Yeah.
00:49:52.160 Or, right, any reason.
00:49:54.240 Yes.
00:49:54.460 Right, any reason.
00:49:55.300 And then you could, you could cause them a lot of trouble, which is, of course, that's quite a lot of fun, especially if you don't have anything better to do.
00:50:03.040 Because now you feel powerful.
00:50:04.140 And you are powerful.
00:50:04.840 And moral.
00:50:05.840 That's the other thing, is because you can just pat yourself on the back and say, well, you know, you did the collective a favor.
00:50:10.620 You don't pat yourself on the back.
00:50:11.780 You go on Facebook and brag about it.
00:50:13.040 Yeah, right.
00:50:13.440 It's not even a self-pat on the back.
00:50:14.960 Then everyone else is giving you likes and being like, great job.
00:50:17.320 You kept me, grandma safe.
00:50:18.360 Yeah.
00:50:18.820 Yeah, right.
00:50:19.340 So that's the kind of thing where I think Americans don't realize how.
00:50:24.540 Well, we have this delusion in the West that in a totalitarian society, it's like the freedom-loving mass.
00:50:30.700 Yes, yes.
00:50:31.280 And there's like this oppressive guy, the tyrant, or an oppressive guy with his henchmen putting guns to people's heads all the time.
00:50:39.560 And nothing could be farther from the truth than that.
00:50:41.960 It's like, I figured that out in part just when I was reading the Gulag Archipelago, because Solzhenitsyn kept making the case that there were nowhere near enough guards to keep the camps running.
00:50:52.560 The prisoners ran the camps.
00:50:54.660 And it's like, well, that's the definition of a totalitarian state, is the prisoners run the camp.
00:50:59.700 And so, and in a totalitarian state, and this is what a totalitarian state is, it's not the top-down imposition of power.
00:51:06.900 It's the fact that every single person in this society lies about absolutely everything to everyone all the time.
00:51:17.660 I was reading the book of Abraham, and in that book, God is deciding he's going to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah because they've wandered off the moral path.
00:51:31.600 Okay, and so that implication there is that a society can adopt modes of being that dooms them to catastrophe, all right?
00:51:39.800 And we're talking about exactly how that might come about.
00:51:43.140 And Abraham is concerned about this because he thinks, well, it doesn't seem fair to obliterate the whole city when there might be innocent people still dwelling in it.
00:51:54.380 And so Abraham says to God, if there's 40 people there, if I can go there and I can find 40 God-fearing, honest people, will you suspend the destruction of the city?
00:52:06.900 And God says, yes.
00:52:08.100 And Abraham bargains again to 30.
00:52:10.080 And I think he gets God down to.
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00:53:29.880 Can I interject?
00:53:30.740 Yeah.
00:53:31.400 There's a part of this story that isn't commonly known.
00:53:33.780 They taught us this when I was a kid in Yeshiva.
00:53:35.760 And I think the number that starts with a 50.
00:53:37.840 And then Abraham says, how about, double check the numbers at home.
00:53:40.700 And Abraham goes, how about five less?
00:53:42.520 And God's like, okay.
00:53:43.860 But what Abraham meant was 5050 and you crossed out the five, zero.
00:53:48.480 So he's really like, all right, look, I know there's no hope for this town.
00:53:51.540 But if there's even zero righteous people, let's not kill them all.
00:53:54.480 Yeah, well, I mean, you can understand that.
00:53:56.200 And you can, well, you can also, people have ambiguity about the morality of God as presented
00:54:01.100 in the Old Testament because these destructive waves come.
00:54:04.620 But to me, that's a reflection of the fact that there are modes of being that will lead
00:54:09.260 to catastrophe.
00:54:09.860 But the implication of the story seems to me to be quite clear, which is that in any
00:54:15.620 society, even if it's become extraordinarily deviant, if there's even a handful of people
00:54:20.360 who don't lie, that's enough to turn the tide or stem the flow, right?
00:54:27.560 Because it means that the grip of hell has become, it's not complete enough yet so that
00:54:32.700 all hope whatsoever has been vanquished.
00:54:35.040 And I think it was Solzhenitsyn who said that one man who stops lying can bring down
00:54:39.480 a tyranny.
00:54:40.140 And that's, but what that also implies, and this is a very perverse thing too, is that
00:54:45.180 the people who are in a totalitarian state are complicit in it every time they agree to
00:54:53.400 participate in the lie.
00:54:55.040 And, you know, you might say, well, they had to because there was a gun to their head.
00:54:58.620 But the thing is, there is a gun to their head anyways, right?
00:55:02.120 I mean, and I think that's the same when we face moral conundrums in our current society.
00:55:07.640 I saw university faculty back away from the administration onslaught over the course of
00:55:15.140 decades, never willing to stand up and say, OK, I actually think that you guys are pushing
00:55:20.980 farther than I'm willing to go.
00:55:22.940 And the rationales were always the same.
00:55:25.200 It's like, I will be punished unduly for my objection.
00:55:29.840 But the consequence of that is, is that you're certainly punished for your silence, right?
00:55:36.640 You might escape that immediate catastrophe, although probably not, because I don't think
00:55:40.780 anybody escaped anything in the Soviet Union.
00:55:43.340 But the long-term consequences of abiding by the lie are, well, it's hell, as far as I can
00:55:48.040 tell.
00:55:48.480 Well, a few things.
00:55:49.380 First of all, you're not going to find anyone more contemptuous of academics than myself.
00:55:52.940 A pressing company excluded.
00:55:55.020 So to find that they are universally weak is not at all a surprise.
00:55:59.640 But to your other point, one of the reasons I did write this book was because I am so hopeful
00:56:03.460 about the future.
00:56:04.680 And one of the counters to that, people are like, how can you be hopeful?
00:56:07.820 We don't have the numbers.
00:56:08.840 We're not going to have the numbers.
00:56:10.360 And one of the things, as you just pointed out, is we don't need a majority.
00:56:13.800 We just need an alternative.
00:56:14.560 If you do have this small cadre of people who refuse to give in to the lie, who demonstrate
00:56:19.680 there is another chance than the path that we're currently on, that is so much more powerful
00:56:25.380 and punches so much more above its weight than, you know, a lot of people who are simply
00:56:29.980 ballast and are simply going to go with the majority decree or the zeitgeist happens to
00:56:34.060 be at the moment.
00:56:34.580 And we saw this over and over in the countries of Eastern Europe that self-liberated.
00:56:38.720 They did not have the numbers in terms of organization.
00:56:41.180 They couldn't have, or else they would have been slaughtered as a whole.
00:56:43.940 But Poland, you know, specifically with Solidarity, this labor movement, which brought down first
00:56:48.040 the Polish government and then, you know, was a domino that kind of toppled the Soviet
00:56:52.800 empire.
00:56:53.480 It was not a huge percent of the population.
00:56:55.920 And these men suffered, you know, immense hardships and duress.
00:56:59.580 But they stuck through it enough that they managed to win.
00:57:02.900 And so I think the issue with people like Solzhenitsyn and Conquest is those books and the Black
00:57:09.860 Book of Communism, you finish those books, you want to put a bullet to your head.
00:57:14.000 And what I want to do here is you've only written 80 percent of the story, because the
00:57:18.840 point is, despite what we were told in the West for decades, that the Soviet Union is perpetual.
00:57:25.700 We have to learn to live together.
00:57:27.380 They're not going anywhere.
00:57:28.680 We tried it with the Korean War.
00:57:30.020 We tried it with the Vietnam War.
00:57:31.320 You know, we have detente.
00:57:34.020 There was a time in our lifetimes when criticizing the Soviet Union was regarded explicitly as
00:57:41.700 inching us closer to nuclear war because they regard it as a provocation.
00:57:45.220 Look, you can't antagonize them.
00:57:46.980 We just got to figure out how to work together.
00:57:49.320 And at a certain point, both Reagan and Thatcher said, Reagan said, do you want to know what
00:57:53.960 my policy is for the Cold War?
00:57:57.260 It's simple.
00:57:58.360 Some might even call it simplistic.
00:57:59.480 You want to hear it?
00:58:00.000 We win and they lose.
00:58:01.320 Right, right.
00:58:01.980 And he was correct.
00:58:03.380 But his entire presidency, despite him refusing secretly to retaliate if the Russians struck
00:58:09.520 him with nuclear weapons, was this commitment to this cannot, I will not have this power of
00:58:16.820 the presidency and abide the continued existence of this absolutely satanic evil empire.
00:58:22.880 And so, what do we do about China?
00:58:27.200 We?
00:58:28.840 Listen, I don't know what we do about China.
00:58:33.200 Let's stick to what they're going to do.
00:58:35.160 Yeah, yeah.
00:58:35.940 Yeah, no.
00:58:36.860 Well, I guess I'll tell you what we do about China.
00:58:39.060 We certainly don't valorize them.
00:58:40.920 We don't regard them as a decent state that should be-
00:58:45.260 Use them as a model for emulation during pandemics.
00:58:48.040 Right.
00:58:48.700 And we don't-
00:58:50.080 We criticize and, I think, expose their tactics and machinations internally, externally, as
00:58:57.000 much as possible.
00:58:57.980 But the corporate press is very interested, for reasons that I'm not in a position necessarily
00:59:02.980 to opine on, to downplay as many Chinese atrocities and even just Chinese standard operating procedure
00:59:09.220 as much as possible.
00:59:10.740 Yeah, yeah.
00:59:11.560 Well, everyone was hoping for a good amount of time that if China was pulled into the
00:59:15.780 modern Western economy, that one of the consequences of that would be a turn towards something
00:59:20.480 approximating individual freedom, like a gen-
00:59:23.220 What, an incremental democratization?
00:59:25.740 And there was a few years where that looked like a real possibility.
00:59:29.200 I mean, China lifted itself.
00:59:31.760 I shouldn't say that.
00:59:32.980 As a consequence of abandoning its stupider policies, China managed to free its people
00:59:40.560 enough so that they lifted themselves out of poverty.
00:59:43.600 And then for a while, it looked promising, right?
00:59:45.940 And then, well, and then they installed 700 million closed-circuit television cameras and
00:59:52.400 built the world's most total surveillance state.
00:59:55.820 You know, the name of that system is the same name.
00:59:58.800 I mean, it's the same name as the system that goes astray in the Terminator series.
01:00:05.220 Skynet?
01:00:05.700 Skynet.
01:00:06.260 No.
01:00:07.780 100%.
01:00:08.300 They called it Skynet.
01:00:09.960 And the engineers who built it said, we're building the good Skynet.
01:00:13.300 This is actually true.
01:00:15.040 Yeah.
01:00:15.600 I know.
01:00:16.120 It's impossible to believe.
01:00:17.620 Wow.
01:00:18.040 Okay.
01:00:18.300 I didn't know where of that.
01:00:19.240 Well, no kidding.
01:00:20.780 It's like, well, they're the Luciferian technologists who think, oh, this time, you know, this time
01:00:26.720 we'll get the surveillance state 100% right.
01:00:30.720 But they are getting it right insofar as it serves their purposes.
01:00:33.580 Yeah.
01:00:33.940 Well, yes.
01:00:34.960 Yes.
01:00:35.220 And it's drifting quite rapidly into the West as well.
01:00:40.120 You know, more and more you go through, like I was in the store the other day that had
01:00:44.300 the ability where you could pay with your palm, right?
01:00:47.100 We're getting very close to the Face ID payment systems.
01:00:49.900 And everybody thinks, well, isn't that convenient?
01:00:51.700 It's like, yeah, it's convenient until the centralized databases know absolutely every
01:00:57.700 goddamn thing you're doing every second.
01:00:59.800 And then they can start putting on differential tax that's calculated according to your hypothetical
01:01:04.360 carbon load or something like that.
01:01:06.860 And that's a high probability outcome as far as I can tell.
01:01:11.120 I mean, I'm not pessimistic.
01:01:12.400 I think I share your fundamental optimism.
01:01:14.600 But boy, the slippery slope slide is sitting there right in front of us.
01:01:18.820 And we can take a trip down.
01:01:21.000 I don't think it's a slippery slope at all.
01:01:22.700 I think it's an elevator shaft.
01:01:24.240 Yeah, well.
01:01:25.880 It's really just like.
01:01:27.020 That's just the ultimate in slippery.
01:01:28.880 Yeah.
01:01:29.800 Yeah, yeah.
01:01:30.820 An elevator shaft that's bottomless.
01:01:33.360 But I think the other thing I think a lot of people don't appreciate is to what extent
01:01:38.000 people are, again, this is something that the Enlightenment, I think, gets wrong.
01:01:41.900 Mencken, who is one of my great role models, he's a journalist from the early 20th century,
01:01:45.860 he said, the average man does not want to be free.
01:01:48.020 He merely wants to be safe.
01:01:49.540 So this isn't being done with, you know, gun to head.
01:01:53.040 These are people tripping over themselves because they would rather be convenient because
01:01:56.940 they compete on the metric of obedience.
01:01:58.880 So if it's like, I'll just do whatever I'm told as long as I don't have to worry about
01:02:02.500 anything, what do I care if you keep track of where I go, what I buy, what I consume?
01:02:08.180 Nothing I'm consuming is outside the medium, the bell curve.
01:02:11.040 Nothing where I go is unusual at all.
01:02:13.460 It doesn't cost me anything.
01:02:14.440 And I get taken care of.
01:02:15.500 I get to be a pet of those in power.
01:02:17.580 If you can understand from their perspective, this is a fair, this is a great market for
01:02:20.980 them.
01:02:21.580 Yeah.
01:02:22.060 Well, the cost is that if you give up all the difficulties of your life, let's say, because
01:02:28.120 you're looking for difficulties in danger of life because you're looking for security
01:02:32.040 and satiation, then you don't have anything interesting or meaningful to do.
01:02:37.420 And so there is no pathway to happiness that's merely a consequence of security and satiation.
01:02:42.760 But don't you think it's a brave new world situation where people are perfectly comfortable
01:02:46.220 just living a life of mild pleasure, non-ness, like an orgiastic kind of way, but rather
01:02:51.380 than seeking any sort of happiness which is beyond their means?
01:02:53.660 I don't know, because I don't think it actually works for people.
01:02:57.180 Well, I don't think they have the, they don't have the present of mind to realize that.
01:03:00.060 They're living more moment to moment.
01:03:01.240 They're not having this kind of long-term strategy, a look at their own lives.
01:03:05.560 Right.
01:03:05.880 The root, the chickens probably come home to roost in times of existential crisis.
01:03:10.200 Yes.
01:03:10.680 Yeah.
01:03:11.040 And that's when people do some soul searching and perhaps decide that what it is that they've
01:03:16.980 been satisfying themselves with is insufficient.
01:03:22.020 Yes.
01:03:22.160 And then there's an opportunity for transformation.
01:03:24.540 But not always taken.
01:03:26.100 Oh, well, it's also Commonwealth.
01:03:28.460 Okay, let's talk about that a little bit, because one of the things I wanted to talk
01:03:32.340 to you about today is, you know, I don't know to what degree you would still ally yourself
01:03:38.360 with the anarchist movement.
01:03:39.760 And I want to know, well, to what degree you do.
01:03:41.940 And also, I would like to know what that means.
01:03:44.800 You opened your book with Ayn Rand.
01:03:46.760 Yeah.
01:03:47.060 I know that's a bit of a tangential intrusion into that question, but she's definitely an
01:03:52.700 arbiter or a spokeswoman for an individualistic stance.
01:03:58.380 So I want to talk to you about Ayn Rand, because I have some ideas about that that I want.
01:04:01.720 But I'm also curious, you obviously regard a focus on the individual as the appropriate
01:04:07.780 medication against this kind of status, intellectual, luciferian, utopianism.
01:04:12.740 And I think that's appropriate.
01:04:15.500 But I want to know what your vision of an alternative is, and why you adopted that particular vision.
01:04:22.960 Well, I don't know that I have a vision per se.
01:04:24.640 I'm not a central planner.
01:04:25.880 Yeah, yeah, right.
01:04:26.640 But what anarchism means to me, and I do 100% regard myself as an anarchism, is it is an
01:04:32.200 approach to life.
01:04:33.120 It is an approach to treating people peacefully.
01:04:36.040 It is a recognition that political authority is inherently illegitimate, although sometimes
01:04:40.960 it is powerful.
01:04:42.280 And it is regarding our existence as an amazing opportunity and to live life to its fullest.
01:04:49.400 And to realize that to take that away from somebody else is a huge, you know, moral outrage.
01:04:55.980 So that is kind of what anarchism means to me.
01:04:57.900 Okay, okay.
01:04:58.520 And Rand was asked, at one point, she goes, if I had to sum up my worldview or whatever
01:05:03.580 term she used in one word, it would be this, individualism.
01:05:06.180 So yes, that is exactly what it is.
01:05:07.300 Yeah, so that's where, okay, okay.
01:05:08.700 So let me delve into that a little bit.
01:05:10.420 But it's also just important because, you know, Berkman and Goldman, there's this boomer
01:05:15.700 idea that more government is left-wing and less government is right-wing, and it puts Goldman
01:05:20.480 and Berkman on the right-wing.
01:05:21.660 It's just this weird thing because they want Hitler to be a leftist because their right-wing
01:05:24.720 is good, Hitler's bad, Hitler's leftist, that kind of mindset.
01:05:27.240 Point being, it's very important for me to give credit the fact that the first critics
01:05:33.440 of the Soviet Union with firsthand experience were hardcore, unmitigated lefties.
01:05:39.380 These, Emma Goldman and Berkman were both bloodthirsty, happy to slit throats, but they're
01:05:44.520 saying we're doing this in the sake of revolution to kind of bring about a society that works for
01:05:49.440 everyone, not against the workers themselves that we are championing.
01:05:52.860 This is not what we're for.
01:05:54.380 So they weren't, you know, kind of this pansy type of lefties.
01:05:57.760 They were, you know, but Emma Goldman gave a talk in Union Square, and she told the audience,
01:06:02.420 she goes, go to the capitalists and ask for work.
01:06:06.000 And if they don't give you work, ask for bread.
01:06:08.220 And if they don't give you bread, take bread.
01:06:10.160 So she's like, you do not have a moral obligation to starve.
01:06:13.260 So they have this contemptuous, why are people starving when there's millionaires out there
01:06:17.000 was their mindset?
01:06:17.980 So the fact that these people, at great cost to themselves and to their status in this
01:06:23.900 kind of workers' movement, were so vocal about denouncing what they had seen firsthand
01:06:28.580 and were called puppets of the capitalists.
01:06:30.860 So why do you think that's important?
01:06:32.460 I mean, you spend a lot of time on Berkman and Goldman.
01:06:36.580 Have I got the first name right?
01:06:37.560 Yes, Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman.
01:06:38.980 Yeah, right.
01:06:39.440 Okay, okay.
01:06:39.980 You spend a lot of time on them, and you do show that they were, as representatives of the
01:06:45.240 autonomous worker, let's say, they were appalled by what they saw in the Soviet Union.
01:06:49.700 And you seem to be making the case that that's important because of their stress on individualism
01:06:55.460 or because you also wanted not to, you know, fall prey to the delusion that it was only
01:07:00.420 the right that was standing against.
01:07:01.380 Yeah, exactly.
01:07:02.020 I hate this idea that right, good, left, bad, or vice versa.
01:07:06.260 The fight against totalitarianism was a series of dots that are often completely counterintuitive.
01:07:13.160 And I think it's very important historically when people fight, these individuals who fight
01:07:19.860 against this kind of atrocities, that they give the credit that they're due.
01:07:23.800 Okay, so you're looking at something like attempting to replace the right-wing versus the terrible
01:07:29.820 communists narrative with something more like people who are concerned with the individual
01:07:33.960 against the collective.
01:07:34.660 Yeah, yeah.
01:07:35.260 Okay, fine.
01:07:36.040 I see, I see.
01:07:36.700 Okay, so now here's, I re-read Ayn Rand's books, The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged.
01:07:45.260 Yeah.
01:07:45.780 I think it's the third time I read both of them, and I read them within the last couple
01:07:49.740 of months.
01:07:50.140 Oh, wow.
01:07:50.500 Yeah, yeah.
01:07:51.000 So I was, you know, now and then I'm looking for a, I don't know, a romantic read, maybe,
01:07:59.020 that's somewhat intellectually challenging.
01:08:01.100 And now and then I'll pick up one of her books.
01:08:02.920 And she's a curious figure to me because Ayn Rand had every reason to despise the Soviet
01:08:08.640 Union and was a very good counter voice to their machinations.
01:08:15.000 But, but, well, and, you know, I got introduced to her books.
01:08:19.980 It was quite interesting.
01:08:21.020 So I worked for the socialists when I was like 14 till I was 16 before I figured out that
01:08:25.720 I didn't know enough to presume that the way I wanted to arrange the world in a utopian
01:08:31.420 fashion was credible.
01:08:33.140 And I figured that out by the time I was about 17.
01:08:35.600 I thought, well, what do you know?
01:08:37.440 You don't have a job.
01:08:38.600 I had little jobs, you know, you don't have a business, you don't have a family, you don't
01:08:41.580 have any education.
01:08:42.300 It's like, what the hell do you know?
01:08:43.920 Really?
01:08:44.840 Right.
01:08:45.220 So, okay.
01:08:45.980 Anyways, the person who gave me Ayn Rand's books was this woman, Sandy Notley.
01:08:51.180 She was the mother of one of Alberta's recent premiers, a socialist premier, and she was the
01:08:55.660 wife of the only elected socialist official in Alberta when I grew up.
01:09:00.600 And I asked her what she gave me, Solzhenitsyn and Huxley and Orwell, like she was an educated
01:09:06.000 woman and, and she gave me Ayn Rand's books, which I read when I was like 13.
01:09:10.420 And, you know, they're, I found them compelling.
01:09:13.260 Yeah.
01:09:13.460 You know, they've got that, they're, they're romantic adventures fundamentally with an intellectual
01:09:18.320 bent.
01:09:18.720 And I liked the anti-collective ethos that was embedded in them.
01:09:22.260 And then I've read them, like I said, a couple of times since then.
01:09:25.080 And so here's the problem I have, and you can help me sort this out.
01:09:30.460 Like, I certainly agree with you that a society that isn't predicated on something like recognition
01:09:36.160 of the intrinsic and superordinate worth of the individual is doomed to catastrophe.
01:09:41.920 Right.
01:09:42.040 And so, but then, but here's the rub as far as I'm concerned.
01:09:46.220 And this is what I had, really had a problem with, especially this time when I went through
01:09:50.000 Wren's books.
01:09:50.660 It's like, her, Galt, John Galt, for example, and Francisco Danconia, her, her, and the,
01:10:00.520 who's the architect?
01:10:02.140 Howard Rourke.
01:10:02.860 Rourke, Rourke, her heroic capitalists, essentially.
01:10:06.100 They're not precisely heroic capitalists.
01:10:08.720 They're heroic individualists.
01:10:09.900 Yes.
01:10:10.320 Who compete in the free market.
01:10:12.580 Okay.
01:10:12.940 And that's, and that's fine.
01:10:13.860 And you can see the libertarian side of that.
01:10:15.740 And I'm also a free market advocate.
01:10:17.280 And partly because I think that distributed decision-making is a much better computational
01:10:23.260 model.
01:10:24.120 Right.
01:10:24.440 Than centralized planning.
01:10:25.980 Right.
01:10:26.920 Obviously.
01:10:27.560 It's not obvious.
01:10:28.060 Right.
01:10:28.400 Well, yeah, it should be.
01:10:29.900 Sure.
01:10:30.200 But it should be.
01:10:31.020 It's not obvious to utopian, luciferian intellects.
01:10:34.060 But it's obvious, even if you just think about it from a computational perspective.
01:10:37.400 Well, I'll just say the smartest person is ignorant of 99.99% of knowledge.
01:10:41.260 Yes, exactly.
01:10:41.860 As you realize that, I think it's follows.
01:10:43.100 Well, that's exactly it.
01:10:44.200 It's precisely why you want to distribute it.
01:10:46.700 Okay.
01:10:46.900 So that's partly what I want to go into.
01:10:49.040 So now the Randian heroes identify themselves as fervent individualists.
01:10:54.560 And they, and you stop me as soon as I get any of this wrong, or in some way you don't
01:10:59.300 disagree with.
01:11:00.100 They're pursuing their own selfish ethos.
01:11:03.280 Yes.
01:11:03.460 Okay.
01:11:04.140 So that's the rub to me because, and I would think about, I'm going to think about this
01:11:09.300 psychologically and neurophysiologically.
01:11:11.680 So just to make it complicated.
01:11:13.200 Okay.
01:11:13.460 So the first question would be, well, what exactly do you mean by the individual and the self?
01:11:21.280 Okay.
01:11:21.640 So when a child develops, let's say, when a child first emerges into the world, they're
01:11:28.560 essentially a system of somewhat disconnected primary instinctual sub-personalities, right?
01:11:37.060 And so they, with the nascent possibility of a uniting ego, identity, personality, something
01:11:46.020 like continued, a continued, a continuity of memory across time.
01:11:52.380 And, but that has to emerge.
01:11:54.160 Now it seems to emerge as a consequence of neurophysiological development and experiential
01:12:00.100 maturation.
01:12:00.700 And so, you know, the child comes equipped into the world, say, with a sucking reflex because
01:12:05.580 its mouth and tongue are very wired up.
01:12:08.020 So that's where the child is most conscious.
01:12:10.520 That's why kids, when they can't put everything in their mouth, because they can feel it and
01:12:14.460 investigate it far, far before they have control over their eyes or their arms, because their
01:12:19.280 arms sort of float around.
01:12:20.540 And so what happens is they, they, they're born as a set of somewhat independent systems.
01:12:26.700 And then the independent systems, partly under the influence of, of social demand, integrate
01:12:33.300 themselves.
01:12:34.100 Right.
01:12:34.300 Now, so, and, and then like by the time a child is two, that child is still mostly disintegrated
01:12:44.180 emotional systems.
01:12:45.740 And so if you watch a two-year-old, and I use two for a specific reason, what you see is
01:12:50.320 that they cycle through basic motivational states.
01:12:53.860 So a child is often like a child whose demand-oriented motivational states are satiated will play,
01:13:02.560 right?
01:13:02.840 And play and explore.
01:13:04.300 But then they get tired, and they'll cry, or they'll get hungry, and they'll cry, or
01:13:08.600 they'll get angry, and they'll have a tantrum, or, you know, or they'll burst into tears.
01:13:13.660 Well, I said they'll cry, and, or they'll get anxious, right?
01:13:16.760 And so they're cycling through these primary motivational states.
01:13:21.840 Now, we understand that to some degree, neurophysiologically, because the older the brain system, the more likely
01:13:32.120 it is to be operative in infancy is to be operative in infancy, right?
01:13:35.460 So like the rage system, or the system that mediates anxiety, or the system that mediates pain.
01:13:41.100 Those come into being pretty early, but it's hard for them to get integrated.
01:13:45.320 Okay.
01:13:45.540 Now, here's the problem.
01:13:48.360 And I don't know how to distinguish individualism from hedonism, and I don't know how to distinguish
01:13:56.280 hedonism from possession by one of these lower-order motivational states.
01:14:01.380 So when, when Rand says we should be able to pursue our own selfish needs, she's kind
01:14:06.940 of taking a classic...
01:14:07.740 She doesn't say selfish needs, she says self-interest.
01:14:10.440 Okay, okay, so fine.
01:14:11.880 Okay, okay, so, so that, no, well, no, she, I would say she moves between those two, because
01:14:18.000 there are...
01:14:18.660 She says needs, I'm positive.
01:14:19.720 Okay, she may never say needs.
01:14:21.160 She attacks that word all the time.
01:14:21.980 Okay, okay, right, right, fair enough.
01:14:24.280 Okay, okay, so I'll back off on the needs side.
01:14:26.360 That was the old chosen, and she does, she makes absolutely bloody sure.
01:14:32.300 Well, wait a second now.
01:14:33.140 She says your needs are not a blank check on my needs.
01:14:34.900 I know, I know, but does, but, but she doesn't, does she say simultaneously that I have no
01:14:40.340 right to pursue my needs?
01:14:42.060 She doesn't use that word.
01:14:43.200 She says you pursue your self-interest to the best of your abilities.
01:14:46.000 Okay, but she also uses the word selfish.
01:14:48.840 Yes.
01:14:49.240 Okay, okay, so fine.
01:14:50.140 In a very justincratic way.
01:14:51.540 Right, okay, right, absolutely, absolutely.
01:14:53.580 I would just want to make sure that we're proceeding on grounds that we both regard as appropriate.
01:15:01.380 So the liberal types, the Scottish liberals, believe that if people were encouraged to
01:15:07.380 pursue their self-interest, that that would produce a self-regulating system.
01:15:12.680 Now, Rand seems to accept that as a proposition.
01:15:15.160 Yes?
01:15:15.520 Yes.
01:15:15.740 So if people are freely able to pursue their self-interest, then a system of free exchange
01:15:22.620 will emerge out of that, that has the appropriate qualities of governance.
01:15:27.240 Yes, she says this explicitly on Donahue.
01:15:29.320 She was asking, she was saying that if people pursue their own self-interest, there wouldn't
01:15:32.560 be any oppression, there wouldn't be war, there wouldn't be any Hitler, because there
01:15:35.700 would, should they be less?
01:15:36.660 And she goes, there wouldn't be any.
01:15:37.300 Yeah, well, look, when I'm negotiating with someone for a business deal, let's say, or
01:15:42.420 you know, when I'm trying to formulate a strategy that enables me to work happily together with
01:15:48.980 someone over the long run, I'm hoping that they'll be thrilled with the deal.
01:15:53.340 Like, I'm not trying to win.
01:15:54.380 Of course.
01:15:54.900 I think, well, I would like to set you up in a situation so that you could pursue our
01:15:58.580 mutual goals completely of your own accord.
01:16:02.260 Then I don't even have to watch you, right?
01:16:03.980 Because you're doing things for whatever reasons you have.
01:16:06.980 But this, this is the thing.
01:16:08.320 This is, this is what I don't quite understand, is that that self-interest, okay, so it seems
01:16:15.040 to me that for that self-interest to work, then it has to be a self-interest that's commensurate
01:16:21.760 with the structure that would emerge if everyone was pursuing their self-interest simultaneously.
01:16:30.020 You see what I mean?
01:16:31.400 Not everyone.
01:16:31.900 Well, okay, okay, okay.
01:16:35.740 So, so let's say you and I make an arrangement, and it's a long-term arrangement, and at one
01:16:42.720 point you decide that it's in your self-interest to violate that agreement, because you can garner
01:16:47.120 an intense short-term gain as a consequence.
01:16:50.080 But there's a long-term cost.
01:16:52.260 Okay, that's fine.
01:16:53.500 Okay, so.
01:16:54.300 Because I've ruined this relationship, and also there's a long-term cost in terms of myself.
01:16:58.480 Okay, what's the cost?
01:16:59.680 The cost is, I'm no longer a person of integrity.
01:17:02.120 I'm not a man of my word.
01:17:03.760 So Rand says, there's two Rand quotes, where she goes, first of all, she says that man
01:17:07.220 is a being of self-made soul.
01:17:08.940 And she also says in The Fountainhead, which is about hard work, the architect, that a building
01:17:13.420 has integrity just like a man and just as seldom.
01:17:15.500 Right, so you're seeing her self-interest as something that's nested inside a larger-scale
01:17:21.680 conceptualization of integrity.
01:17:23.720 Yes.
01:17:24.160 And then, okay.
01:17:25.320 So in fact, the whole point of The Fountainhead is she's contrasting these two types of selfishness.
01:17:30.700 The first is Peter Keating, who is this basic striver, social climber, who has no internal
01:17:36.500 self at all, no values other than what he sees around him.
01:17:40.000 In fact, the working title of The Fountainhead was Secondhand Lives, because Rand was working
01:17:44.260 in Hollywood, and she asked the woman who she was working with, and there's just kind
01:17:47.560 of this pin drop moment where she's like, I'm looking in the face of the devil, where
01:17:51.040 the woman goes, I'll tell you what I want.
01:17:52.700 If someone has a cloth coat, I want a fur coat.
01:17:56.080 If you have one car, I want two.
01:17:58.060 If your house is 500 square feet, I want a 1,000 square foot house.
01:18:01.260 And Rand is like, oh my, she's like, this is evil.
01:18:03.760 Someone who has no self and whose values are strictly a function of the values of those
01:18:08.700 around her.
01:18:09.240 Right, but okay, but why is...
01:18:10.580 Hold on, as opposed to Howard Rourke, who is selfish in the sense that he pursues his
01:18:15.140 own goals and values in accordance with his moral code.
01:18:19.640 And I think those are the two definitions of selfishness I know.
01:18:23.560 Okay, so let's still...
01:18:24.960 Fine, fine.
01:18:25.660 So let's still...
01:18:26.440 Certainly, Keating is portrayed in Rand as nothing but a...
01:18:31.700 But he's the kind of social climber who will do anything to gain comparative status in
01:18:38.580 his profession.
01:18:39.800 But he will never be able to tell you why he wants the status.
01:18:42.160 What is he going to do with it?
01:18:43.180 It's kind of just in and of itself good, but he has no values.
01:18:46.620 Well, okay, so that's the thing that's interesting to me.
01:18:50.340 Because I don't think that it's appropriate to presume that the mere search for social status
01:18:59.960 is not self-interest.
01:19:01.960 Now, I'm not...
01:19:03.480 I know you're making a more sophisticated argument than that, but I want to elaborate it completely.
01:19:07.800 So I could say...
01:19:08.900 I'm going to play devil's advocate against Rand, and for now, we can do that.
01:19:12.800 Okay, so I would say, well, on what grounds are you criticizing Peter Keating's decision,
01:19:19.060 self-interested decision, to prioritize status above all else?
01:19:24.160 I mean, that's what he thinks is appropriate, apparently.
01:19:27.220 And so on what grounds is that an inappropriate conclusion?
01:19:30.780 Well, I would even say that he thinks it.
01:19:32.140 I think it's more that he's kind of taken this subconsciously from the ethos.
01:19:37.120 He does not...
01:19:37.920 Someone who thinks these things through, he just goes with what everyone else tells him.
01:19:41.240 Fine. I've got no objections to that.
01:19:43.200 I think that's how he's portrayed.
01:19:44.540 But on what grounds do you believe that that's inappropriate?
01:19:48.120 Because just because his self-interest doesn't match that of...
01:19:52.060 And, you know, Peter Keating is an archetypal character in the Rand universe, right?
01:19:55.940 I mean, he's duplicated in many other characters, like Ellsworth Toohey, for example.
01:20:00.440 It's like a meta Keating, essentially.
01:20:02.620 Although he's the spider behind the scenes who's orchestrating everything.
01:20:06.020 But he claims to be selfless.
01:20:07.800 But he's certainly pursuing comparative status, like Keating is.
01:20:12.100 But there's a very powerful, overt and covert implication in Rand that the path that Keating and Toohey takes is inappropriate.
01:20:22.440 And the path that Rourke takes, or Francisco de Conia, and I'm probably mixing up the characters in the book at the moment,
01:20:27.680 is the path of, like, true individual heroism.
01:20:30.540 Yes.
01:20:30.740 That's the romantic adventure part.
01:20:32.660 But exactly the reason, they're both self-interested.
01:20:38.560 They're not self-interested because Peter Keating doesn't have a self.
01:20:41.700 There's no one there.
01:20:42.380 Okay, that's okay.
01:20:43.460 That was my mystery.
01:20:45.140 So what does it mean for there to be something there, right?
01:20:49.200 Because so he's reduced himself to one dimension, which is social comparison.
01:20:54.620 But that's not nothing.
01:20:55.700 That's one dimension.
01:20:56.720 But it's nothing to him.
01:20:57.900 It doesn't matter to him.
01:20:58.760 It only matters to other people, so therefore it matters to him.
01:21:01.060 This is not coming from—the call is not coming from the side of the house.
01:21:04.000 And this is where I would bring in Albert Camus.
01:21:06.460 Because I've given—sometimes I've been talking about networking.
01:21:09.540 And one of the advice I give people, I say, if you know someone's in town for their birthday, right,
01:21:14.880 I go, I always take out that person for their birthday, and I do it for selfish reasons, right?
01:21:19.200 And everyone laughs, and I go, the reason I do it is because don't you want to be the guy
01:21:24.180 who takes people out for their birthday?
01:21:26.100 He's awesome.
01:21:27.400 What's it going to cost you, 25 bucks in an hour?
01:21:29.660 So the whole point of Camus' kind of absurdism is that life is inherently meaningless,
01:21:36.040 but this is a wonderful opportunity because you can be the kind of person that you want.
01:21:41.660 And it's not necessarily that hard.
01:21:43.460 It's just being consistent.
01:21:45.640 So if you want to be someone who's high status, who no one genuinely—no one who genuinely
01:21:52.000 knows you, likes, or admires, knock yourself out.
01:21:55.320 At a certain point, the brain can only delude itself.
01:21:58.480 Right, it's counterproductive.
01:21:59.660 Or do you want to be the kind of person who, when faced with tough decisions, as I have in
01:22:04.180 my life and as you have in your life, we're like, you know what?
01:22:07.140 20 years from now, I'm going to look back at this fork in the road, and I'm going to chastise
01:22:11.760 myself if I buckle and do the weak thing, even though it's going to cost me something
01:22:16.340 in the medium term.
01:22:17.580 These are two different paths that Rand portrays.
01:22:20.360 And I think that's a very good moral code to live by.
01:22:24.860 Okay, so let me extract down some principles from that, and you tell me what you think.
01:22:28.300 So one of the things that I proposed was that a very young person, two years old, is still
01:22:35.160 a relatively unintegrated conflict of internal dimensions, motivational dimensions.
01:22:42.900 That's a good way of thinking about it.
01:22:44.280 Okay, now, we also hypothesize that the problem with Keating and Toohey, for example, is that
01:22:50.200 they sacrifice to social status.
01:22:53.440 So they become one-dimensional, and you portrayed it as a false dimension, and you said there's
01:22:58.300 no self there.
01:22:59.040 Okay, so here's a hypothesis about why it's a false, why it's false.
01:23:04.160 Okay, and tell me what you think about this.
01:23:06.740 Okay, so imagine that there's a set of constraints that are implicit in the natural and the social
01:23:16.200 world, such that if all these underlying motivational systems want to optimize their interrelationships,
01:23:25.940 and they want to optimize their interrelationships in a social world, and they want to optimize their
01:23:31.780 interrelationships across time, so it iterates, that a pattern will, that a necessary pattern
01:23:38.140 will emerge.
01:23:39.400 Now, I think that's the pattern that your conscience calls you on when you deviate from,
01:23:43.680 by the way.
01:23:44.400 And I also think it's the pattern that makes things interesting to you in the world.
01:23:49.300 So imagine that out of this internal conflict of spirits, that's a good way of thinking about
01:23:55.720 it, there's a way of, a mode of integration, and that will satisfy all these internal systems
01:24:03.120 in the optimal possible manner.
01:24:05.100 And then there's an instinct that feeds that development, that calls to you by making things
01:24:13.420 interesting to you that would force you to develop in an integrated direction, or that
01:24:17.460 emerges as conscience if you fail to do it.
01:24:20.200 And that that's not a unidimensional system of value, it's a multidimensional system of
01:24:26.480 value, and it's a multidimensional iterable system of value that also works so that if
01:24:32.880 you play that game and I play that game, and we occupy the same territory, both of our games
01:24:37.260 will improve, right?
01:24:38.660 So it's not a zero-sum, it's not a zero-sum optimization.
01:24:42.400 Okay, so then this is where I have part, maybe problems with the concept of anarchy per
01:24:48.780 say, so let me tell you why.
01:24:50.260 So does any of that seem inappropriate to you?
01:24:52.540 No, that seems fine.
01:24:53.260 Okay, that seems fine.
01:24:55.440 Okay, so let me tell you why I have a harder time placing anarchy in that position.
01:25:04.900 Okay.
01:25:05.200 Okay, so I did this seminar on Exodus with a group of people, and one of the things we
01:25:12.640 did was elaborate up a conceptualization that's derived from the Exodus story that's the basis
01:25:18.060 of Catholic social teaching, or much of it, as it turns out, called subsidiary, and subsidiary
01:25:23.380 comes out of a particular story in the Exodus narrative, and so what you have in the narrative
01:25:29.240 is the Israelites who have the habits of slaves, and so they're basically, you could think about
01:25:35.800 them as a mass of Peter Keatings.
01:25:37.680 They're like, they're only after short-term gratification, right?
01:25:43.760 And so they have the habits of slaves.
01:25:45.660 They've never planned.
01:25:46.720 They've never integrated.
01:25:48.040 You could say maybe the true self is absent.
01:25:50.260 That might be another way of thinking about it.
01:25:52.220 And so they try to make Moses into another pharaoh, right, in the desert.
01:25:56.500 Right.
01:25:57.120 He sits as their judge, and he has to work out all their problems.
01:26:00.500 Okay, so that's the scenario.
01:26:01.860 This is happening while they're in the desert.
01:26:03.280 Now, Moses' father-in-law, whose name is Jethro, comes along, and he says, you have to
01:26:08.500 stop doing this.
01:26:09.420 He says this to Moses.
01:26:10.480 He says, there's two reasons.
01:26:11.880 Number one, if you take all that responsibility and power onto yourself, it'll kill you.
01:26:17.580 Plus, you'll just set yourself up as another pharaoh by taking all this responsibility
01:26:23.960 that the Israelites are abdicating, and then you'll be back in the same situation you were
01:26:28.300 in to begin with.
01:26:29.680 And two, if you take away that decision-making power from the Israelites, then they'll just
01:26:35.740 stay useless slaves forever.
01:26:37.780 Right.
01:26:38.280 Okay, so you can't do that.
01:26:40.020 Right.
01:26:40.320 And for two reasons.
01:26:41.760 You don't get to be a tyrant, and they don't get to be slaves.
01:26:44.800 Right.
01:26:44.980 Okay, okay, so then he, but then he proposes something very specific as, in consequence,
01:26:49.580 he says, take all your tens of thousands of people and make them into a hierarchical society.
01:26:55.940 And so, get them to group themselves in groups of ten, voluntarily, right?
01:27:00.580 So, pick your ten people, and then from amongst yourself in the ten, nominate the best of the
01:27:07.700 ten.
01:27:08.300 Okay, so now you've got your ten people and leader, now all the people are divided into
01:27:12.720 tens.
01:27:12.940 Now, take the leaders, put them in groups of ten, have them do the same thing.
01:27:17.700 Do that all the way up to you, because you're the voice of God at the moment.
01:27:23.260 And then, if the Israelites have a dispute, they settle it.
01:27:29.040 If they can't settle it by themselves, they settle it with their guy who's one in ten.
01:27:33.660 And if he can't figure out how to do it, he goes to one in a hundred, and then one in
01:27:36.960 a thousand.
01:27:37.320 Now, so you have a social hierarchy in place, right?
01:27:40.380 But it's a voluntary social hierarchy.
01:27:42.280 Right.
01:27:42.520 And every single level of the hierarchy has a requisite responsibility, and that makes
01:27:47.940 a pyramidal structure that's the alternative to the tyrant and the slave.
01:27:54.300 Okay, so now, maybe there's two ways you could conceptualize the individual, and this is where
01:27:59.280 I have the problem with the anarchical viewpoint.
01:28:01.760 I think that the identity that Rand is promoting is actually a reflection of the harmonious operation
01:28:11.340 of that whole hierarchy, right?
01:28:13.360 The whole thing.
01:28:14.320 It's not, it can't be simply located at the level of the individual.
01:28:19.260 Because if you're going to comport yourself in a harmonious manner, like we are in this
01:28:24.380 conversation, like at the moment, I know you're not subjugating your individuality to the demands
01:28:30.460 of the conversation, because then it wouldn't be a conversation, right?
01:28:35.280 But you are bringing your...
01:28:37.920 I am subjugating to some extent.
01:28:39.280 This is your show.
01:28:40.060 I can't just talk about whatever I want.
01:28:41.420 Right, right, right.
01:28:42.360 Well, well, but you're doing it voluntarily.
01:28:44.520 That's correct.
01:28:44.980 And you know the rules of the game.
01:28:46.280 Correct.
01:28:46.480 And you're doing it because you have your own reasons.
01:28:48.420 So I wouldn't say, I don't think it's, it's not so much subjugation as it is your choice
01:28:53.260 to play the same game I'm playing.
01:28:54.780 Correct, correct.
01:28:55.120 Okay, so this is a hierarchy of games.
01:28:57.380 Yes, it's still your show.
01:28:58.540 Right, right.
01:28:59.060 Well, I set the frame for this particular interaction, right?
01:29:01.580 And I would return the favor if I was, if you were hosting this.
01:29:04.940 Sure.
01:29:05.100 Right, right.
01:29:05.580 But you're doing it voluntarily.
01:29:07.480 But then, see, the thing about Rand, and this is the same thing, by the way, that's
01:29:14.040 done by virtually every psychologist, just so you know it, is that Rand doesn't spend
01:29:18.420 much time detailing out the necessary structure of the subsidiary hierarchy that would have
01:29:26.520 to be produced to transform an emphasis on individual orientation into a complex and
01:29:32.400 sophisticated society, right?
01:29:34.640 And I don't think it's enough to say, if people were just pursuing their own enlightened
01:29:40.380 self-interest, that society would automatically harmonize.
01:29:44.980 Because you could also imagine that, okay, so that doesn't sit with you.
01:29:48.840 It's not automatic at all.
01:29:50.160 It's every group.
01:29:51.300 Is Starbucks an automatic hierarchy?
01:29:53.940 No, it's thousands of employees working together, and they create this international organization
01:29:59.260 where if I go to the Starbucks in Washington, it's going to be the same roughly as I go to
01:30:04.160 Starbucks in Paris, right?
01:30:05.640 So these hierarchies do emerge voluntarily, but it's not automatic at all.
01:30:09.600 It's just, if you're looking at it from the eagle's eye perspective, it's just these
01:30:14.200 little dots.
01:30:14.800 But when you get more granular perspective, it's infinite people choosing to work together
01:30:19.040 to create this kind of superstructure, yes.
01:30:21.500 Right, okay, okay.
01:30:22.540 Well, so one of the things...
01:30:23.480 But automatic is, it's not automatic at all.
01:30:24.660 Okay, fine, fine.
01:30:26.100 Well, that's, I'm perfectly happy to accept that, because I also don't think it's automatic.
01:30:31.360 I think that those structures have to be set up.
01:30:34.540 And maintained.
01:30:35.620 Yes, and in keeping with an ethos.
01:30:37.600 Yes, of course.
01:30:39.040 Okay, okay, okay.
01:30:39.880 So one of the...
01:30:40.880 The point is, this is why culture is so important, and having this kind of promulgation of ideas
01:30:45.640 and morals and values, because if you just have people who are all very high time preference
01:30:52.740 and just are not thinking past the next moment, you're not going to be able to build a society
01:30:56.460 out of them, unless you get rid of that first.
01:30:58.300 Because if you're only thinking to the next five minutes, and it's kind of like, maybe
01:31:02.120 someone who's been in prison all his life and don't have been trained not to think long
01:31:05.640 term, it's going to be almost impossible to have any kind of working relationship, because
01:31:09.580 he'd rather have that candy bar today than two candy bars tomorrow, because he knows
01:31:13.100 he's not going to see more.
01:31:13.820 Okay, so you brought in the concept of time preference, which I think is absolutely appropriate.
01:31:19.840 Well, yeah, because...
01:31:20.600 Crucial.
01:31:21.280 Okay, why did you come to the conclusion that that...
01:31:25.460 First of all, why don't you define time preference, so everybody knows exactly what you're talking
01:31:29.300 about, and then I want to know why you came to the conclusion that there's a reason that
01:31:33.720 you brought the time preference discussion into this discussion, so maybe you could elaborate
01:31:37.720 on what that is.
01:31:38.900 I always get them backwards.
01:31:40.200 There's high time preference and low time preference.
01:31:41.960 Point being, like, we see this with kids in inner cities who they aren't sure they're
01:31:47.280 going to ever see old age.
01:31:48.880 The people they deal with are not trustworthy.
01:31:51.060 So if they're offered, look, I'll give you either a candy bar today or tomorrow, if you
01:31:55.200 wait one day, you'll have two candy bars, they will overwhelmingly take the one today,
01:31:59.020 burn your hand, because the odds that the person is going to be there tomorrow or is trustworthy
01:32:02.660 are quite low.
01:32:03.520 And this extrapolates in a very nefarious way, because if you're living moment to moment,
01:32:08.900 you're not going to school to plan for medical school.
01:32:11.640 How long do you have to go to medical school if you're a doctor?
01:32:13.520 It's years and years.
01:32:14.520 You're just thinking just getting past tomorrow is a function also of poverty.
01:32:18.100 When someone's worried about their next meal, it's very hard to maintain that vision of
01:32:22.860 what am I going to be doing when I'm 40.
01:32:24.440 Right.
01:32:24.580 So that is that concept of high.
01:32:26.600 Right.
01:32:26.960 OK.
01:32:27.300 OK.
01:32:27.600 And so the problem is really crucial.
01:32:28.900 Right.
01:32:29.160 Well, OK.
01:32:29.600 So the.
01:32:30.360 And this is also why having a stable society is important and why governments are often
01:32:34.840 a problem.
01:32:35.820 Take inflation.
01:32:36.820 If I don't know how much a dollar is going to be worth 10 years from now, how am I going
01:32:41.260 to make a contract with you that.
01:32:43.060 Yeah.
01:32:43.280 Well, right.
01:32:43.780 Well, you're also punished then for growing gratification.
01:32:46.560 Right.
01:32:46.700 That's one of the terrible things about inflation is that you actually punish the people who are the
01:32:51.300 conscientious people upon whose labor society would be.
01:32:54.320 Imagine you tell me that, OK, in a year from now, you're going to deliver 10 yards of silk.
01:33:00.720 But the definition of a yard today is 36 inches.
01:33:03.800 But tomorrow it might be three inches.
01:33:05.780 It's just like or 50 inches.
01:33:08.120 Yeah.
01:33:08.360 I can't make any kind of plan if the definition of a yard changes.
01:33:12.120 So if the definition of what a dollar changes year to year and it loses its value, you can't
01:33:16.740 make long term planning because if you say I'm going to give you a million dollars 10 years
01:33:19.860 from now, I don't know what that means.
01:33:21.560 Right.
01:33:21.740 It could be mean it could be absolutely worthless.
01:33:24.100 Right.
01:33:24.320 Right, right, right, right, right.
01:33:25.440 OK.
01:33:25.800 So now back to this neurophysiological speculation.
01:33:29.460 OK.
01:33:29.740 So one of the things.
01:33:30.700 One more point.
01:33:31.540 Yeah.
01:33:31.800 Rand is very much, and this is where I very much park up with her, very much a child of
01:33:36.580 the Enlightenment.
01:33:37.500 Yeah.
01:33:37.720 She has this Enlightenment delusion, in my opinion, that if a bunch of people sit down
01:33:42.160 and they're given all the data and they hash it out, they're all going to come to the
01:33:46.400 same conclusion.
01:33:47.300 Yeah.
01:33:47.500 Yeah.
01:33:47.740 I don't think that holds up.
01:33:48.540 She's an empiricist.
01:33:49.340 Yeah, I don't think that holds up at all.
01:33:51.200 No, but you're outlining the structure of the proper constraint through which that mass
01:34:01.060 of data would be interpreted.
01:34:02.340 Yes, correct.
01:34:04.060 OK.
01:34:04.400 So, well, so because once you bring time preference into it, you're starting to work in the domain
01:34:12.460 that implicitly assumes that there is a higher order integration.
01:34:16.500 So these initial systems, these initial motivational systems, they're very short-term.
01:34:22.260 So, and they want short-term gratification.
01:34:24.840 So when a baby wails, when it cries, it wants to be satisfied now.
01:34:29.260 But can I say one thing?
01:34:29.960 This is the distinction Rand draws between hedonism and her philosophy because she thinks
01:34:35.240 that the more moral a person, the more long-range his thought, whereas hedonism is very
01:34:39.260 much a pleasure at the moment.
01:34:40.420 And I'm going to defend hedonism a little bit because the term gets a bad rap.
01:34:43.820 Hedonism isn't coke orgies.
01:34:45.320 Hedonism is Martha Stewart, where you're having coffee and book club with your friends
01:34:49.880 and having the pleasure of the...
01:34:51.400 That's more of an...
01:34:52.300 OK, but I would put...
01:34:53.460 You can actually separate those technically, by the way, because that kind of hedonism would
01:34:57.360 be more on the aesthetic end.
01:34:58.900 Sure.
01:34:59.220 Right, and it's more sophisticated.
01:35:00.340 But I'm talking about...
01:35:01.000 Pleasure, per se, isn't bad.
01:35:02.620 Right.
01:35:02.860 With this Epicurean idea of hedonism, how it was pitched thousands of years ago, it wasn't
01:35:06.740 at all this maximizing pleasure and just...
01:35:08.820 In the moment.
01:35:09.480 Yes.
01:35:09.820 Right, right, right.
01:35:10.640 OK, yeah.
01:35:11.080 So, OK, so we'll define the kind of hedonism that we're objecting to as blinkered by the
01:35:19.500 short term.
01:35:20.340 But I also hate this kind of WASP suspicion of hedonism, this pure tactic of, like, if
01:35:25.280 you're having pleasure, you're doing something wrong.
01:35:27.240 And it's like, pleasure is wonderful.
01:35:29.180 People should do it more.
01:35:30.140 In the sense of, I'm reading a nice book, I'm enjoying a fire, I'm having a walk with
01:35:35.020 my friends.
01:35:35.680 Yeah, well, everything in its place is the proper notion for that, right?
01:35:39.620 So, the demand for hedonic gratification shouldn't be put forward in a manner that sacrifices the
01:35:47.800 overall integrity.
01:35:48.700 It's the reward.
01:35:49.600 Yeah, yeah.
01:35:50.160 I worked hard, and now I get to watch a stupid TV show and not feel any guilt about it because
01:35:54.340 I did my work for today.
01:35:55.480 Right, right.
01:35:56.080 Well, and it's necessary...
01:35:56.700 And have no shame about it.
01:35:57.880 Well, the psychologists know, if they're wise, that you want to have all the forms of
01:36:04.940 motivation that are available to you working to push you forward.
01:36:09.980 Yeah.
01:36:10.260 And certainly the draw...
01:36:12.460 So, technically, the source of reward that people work hardest for isn't satiation reward.
01:36:20.720 You know, they would if they were starving, you know?
01:36:23.080 Sure.
01:36:23.240 Like, you can put animals and human beings into a situation while they work, like, single-mindedly
01:36:27.980 for satiation, right?
01:36:29.020 Like, if you haven't had anything to drink for two weeks...
01:36:31.140 Right.
01:36:31.500 ...you're going to be pretty motivated.
01:36:33.980 That aside...
01:36:35.760 And this is something the Soviets understood very well.
01:36:38.080 That is something.
01:36:39.100 Yes.
01:36:39.280 Yes, definitely.
01:36:40.320 Yes.
01:36:40.600 Well, tyrants understand that very well.
01:36:42.300 Yes.
01:36:42.500 Yes, yes, yes.
01:36:43.120 Because they leverage the force of these basic motivational systems, right?
01:36:48.060 Mostly, the sort of pleasure that people pursue is the pleasure of noting that they're moving
01:36:53.940 forward towards a desired goal.
01:36:55.840 Yes, yes.
01:36:55.940 There's a whole neurophysiological system set up that mediates that, and it's the system
01:37:00.620 activated by drugs like cocaine.
01:37:02.340 That's the dopaminergic system, and it has its origins in the same system that mediates
01:37:09.420 voluntary exploratory activity, right?
01:37:12.560 So, it's a very ancient system.
01:37:14.080 It emerges.
01:37:14.880 It's hypothalamic, and the hypothalamus is a part of the brain that sits right on top
01:37:18.120 of the spinal cord.
01:37:19.120 It's an absolutely ancient system.
01:37:20.760 And the pleasure that we generally are most motivated by does activate these systems.
01:37:28.320 And if you want people to be actively engaged in a meaningful way in their own life and in
01:37:34.420 their social pursuits, then you want to make sure that that system is operating in the direction
01:37:39.380 of those pursuits, right?
01:37:41.180 So, then one of the things that happens when people make an agreement is that they set up
01:37:45.160 a shared aim, right?
01:37:46.740 So, our aim today was to have an interesting conversation that we could share with people.
01:37:51.620 Okay, so that sets up our nervous system.
01:37:53.660 So, as long as we're uttering words in a manner that moves us towards that aim, then we're going
01:37:58.760 to stay engaged and enthusiastic because the system that produces enthusiasm and engagement
01:38:06.140 is now on board in relationship to that aim.
01:38:08.760 Okay, so imagine this then.
01:38:10.080 So, that your aim becomes the participation in the social system that's optimally balanced
01:38:17.240 when people are pursuing their enlightened self-interest in a manner that's of maximal social utility
01:38:24.480 that stretches across the longest possible time span.
01:38:27.600 I don't have any use for social utility.
01:38:30.380 I don't think that term has any meaning.
01:38:31.880 Okay, this is...
01:38:32.640 Okay, so that...
01:38:34.060 What does that mean?
01:38:35.080 Let me explain that and you tell me what you think about it.
01:38:37.400 Okay, so let's go back to this idea of subsidiarity, right?
01:38:40.920 Okay.
01:38:41.180 This hierarchy.
01:38:41.660 Yes.
01:38:42.220 Okay, so you can think about that in your own life.
01:38:45.220 So, maybe you have an intimate relationship with someone.
01:38:47.960 It might be a child or a parent or a sibling or your spouse.
01:38:52.860 Okay, now, so that would be the primary domain of social interaction.
01:38:57.880 All right, so now, how would you characterize your...
01:39:02.980 How do you characterize that relationship?
01:39:04.660 Like, you want it to sustain over a long period of time.
01:39:07.920 You have an obligation to it.
01:39:09.440 You have a responsibility to it.
01:39:10.920 Like, and is that the beginning of the polity?
01:39:13.640 That, like, just that dyadic relationship.
01:39:15.760 If you want to be a good person, I think, yeah, then you do have a kind of...
01:39:21.660 Again, this speaks to what kind of person do you want to be?
01:39:24.040 Do you want to be someone that your family can admire and rely on?
01:39:26.840 And knowing that when this shit hits the fan, they'll be in a position to reciprocate?
01:39:31.440 Do you want to be that provider or that source of strength?
01:39:34.120 Again, this is your opportunity to be that person.
01:39:37.080 Okay, okay.
01:39:37.300 Or do you want to be the guy who's not there for his kids?
01:39:40.120 You have that opportunity, too.
01:39:41.740 Right.
01:39:41.920 And at the end of the day, you're going to have to look yourself in the mirror or avoid eye contact in the mirror.
01:39:47.380 Yeah.
01:39:47.700 And face what you think.
01:39:48.360 Or waking up at three in the morning, being tormented by your conscience.
01:39:51.320 Yes, if you still have one.
01:39:52.880 Right.
01:39:53.380 Or deadening it with alcohol or whatever the situation might be.
01:39:56.860 So, yeah.
01:39:57.960 Right, okay.
01:39:58.600 So, well, then that was what I was trying to portray as a social good.
01:40:02.620 But it's, I mean, the social good is the consequence, not the goal.
01:40:07.320 How about the good is the harmony between the social manifestation and the individual manifestation?
01:40:13.860 So, look, part of the reason I've been thinking this through is because I think that the modern definition of mental health as subjective is sorely wrong.
01:40:25.560 Because I think that mental health is actually the harmony in that hierarchy of being and not something that you have in your head.
01:40:33.940 I mean, Rand called her philosophy objectivism, so I completely agree with you.
01:40:37.100 I think any time you're introducing subjectivism to a large extent, you're treading on thin ice.
01:40:42.580 Okay, so then let's go to the objective in relationship to what?
01:40:47.280 Like, where's the objective reality that Rand's pattern of behavior is aiming to, what would you say, to adapt to?
01:40:55.520 Everywhere.
01:40:56.280 We live in it.
01:40:57.000 There's nowhere else to go.
01:40:57.840 Okay, so that seems to me to be the same notion as this subsidiary structure.
01:41:03.220 So, we can walk through it.
01:41:05.060 So, you've got your wife, let's say.
01:41:06.780 Sure.
01:41:06.920 Okay, and you make a bond with her that's long run.
01:41:08.900 Sure.
01:41:09.220 And your narrow individuality is integrated into the broader dyad of that group.
01:41:16.740 We're all Venn diagrams.
01:41:18.020 Okay, okay.
01:41:18.660 Then you do that with your family.
01:41:20.020 There's you and your coworkers.
01:41:21.140 There's you and your employees.
01:41:22.180 There's you and your friends.
01:41:23.240 There's you and your daughter.
01:41:24.380 You and your wife.
01:41:24.880 Your new city.
01:41:25.320 Yeah, of course.
01:41:25.980 You and your town.
01:41:26.480 Yes.
01:41:26.900 Right, okay.
01:41:27.620 You and your peers.
01:41:28.940 Right, so we agree on that.
01:41:30.160 Yes, of course.
01:41:30.820 So, that's the polity that I'm thinking about.
01:41:33.520 So, how do you…
01:41:34.240 It's fluid.
01:41:35.600 It's not…
01:41:36.760 It changes all the…
01:41:38.180 You can quit your job, you can podcast, you can get divorced.
01:41:41.100 Right, but there's…
01:41:41.820 Right, but there's…
01:41:42.220 It's not entirely fluid because…
01:41:43.900 No, it's not entirely fluid.
01:41:44.800 Right, right.
01:41:45.760 It's…
01:41:46.360 Hopefully, it's optimally fluid.
01:41:48.260 Sure.
01:41:48.600 Right, right.
01:41:49.420 Right, okay.
01:41:50.040 So, that's fine.
01:41:50.740 And that optimal…
01:41:51.820 I would say part of the marker of its optimality is fluidity.
01:41:55.420 Yes.
01:41:55.660 Right, right.
01:41:56.240 That's why the Tao is water, right?
01:41:58.460 It's not stone.
01:41:59.800 It has this capacity to adapt.
01:42:02.280 And…
01:42:02.460 And sometimes you have to cut your losses, and that's fine.
01:42:05.140 Right?
01:42:05.560 The sunk cost…
01:42:06.380 Just because you've been in a relationship for 10 years does not mean, well, I should
01:42:09.580 continue it in perpetuity.
01:42:11.620 Right, well…
01:42:12.140 At least any relationship, I don't mean marriage, it could be just the contractor you work with
01:42:15.540 or a lawyer's.
01:42:16.160 Right, well, so your point seems to me to be that your alliance in any of those subsidiary
01:42:20.800 organizations shouldn't be in prison.
01:42:22.840 Correct.
01:42:23.280 Right.
01:42:23.540 But it's something that should be…
01:42:25.320 That's something that thrives and needs maintenance and is reborn every single day.
01:42:30.680 Like, every single day, anyone has the option to get divorced or to not talk to their
01:42:34.400 cadence or to fire whoever or to sway.
01:42:36.620 Okay, so if you accept the necessity of these embedded relationships…
01:42:41.060 Yes, of course.
01:42:41.220 Multiple embedded relationships…
01:42:42.360 Norma's…
01:42:42.840 Okay, so why do you conceptualize that?
01:42:46.620 Why exactly?
01:42:47.480 I'm not trying to catch you out here.
01:42:48.740 I'm curious.
01:42:49.320 Okay, I got it.
01:42:49.580 Well, why do you conceptualize that as anarchy?
01:42:52.620 Because it's voluntary.
01:42:54.740 Yeah, okay, fine.
01:42:55.520 So that's the fundamental principle.
01:42:56.560 Yes.
01:42:57.520 Yeah, fine.
01:42:58.180 Fine, fine, fine.
01:42:58.820 That's it.
01:42:58.980 Okay, so here's the rule of thumb.
01:43:01.980 So this is actually a rule of thumb that we implemented in this ARC enterprise that I've
01:43:06.280 been trying to promote, let's say, is that all policy that's not based on volunteerism
01:43:11.780 is to be regarded at minimum as suboptimal.
01:43:14.960 Welcome to activism.
01:43:15.420 If it's forced.
01:43:16.260 Okay.
01:43:16.680 I'm glad I…
01:43:17.000 If there's any use of force.
01:43:18.560 I just converted Jordan Peterson.
01:43:19.600 All right.
01:43:20.020 Well, so let me…
01:43:21.040 Take that, Emma Goldman.
01:43:21.880 Let me…
01:43:22.880 Well, I think the principle of volunteerism is extraordinarily important, right?
01:43:26.040 Because it's actually a sign of the optimization.
01:43:28.980 Yes, correct.
01:43:29.940 Yeah, yeah, yeah.
01:43:30.480 Okay, okay.
01:43:31.060 But, all right.
01:43:32.400 Well, enough.
01:43:32.900 All right.
01:43:33.240 Yeah, but wait.
01:43:34.040 Now, wait.
01:43:34.600 There's a…
01:43:35.100 I think we should cut it here.
01:43:36.740 I got what I wanted.
01:43:38.040 Okay, look.
01:43:38.440 Now this relationship can only go in a bad direction.
01:43:40.040 There's a complication.
01:43:41.260 Here's the complication.
01:43:42.400 All right.
01:43:42.640 So, well, it's unfortunate that there's a complication, but there is a complication.
01:43:47.580 So, imagine that if we engage in interactions voluntarily, that we can cooperate.
01:43:55.340 Sure.
01:43:55.860 Okay, now imagine we set up a whole domain of cooperators.
01:43:58.820 Who's we?
01:44:00.500 You and I have another friend.
01:44:02.500 Sure.
01:44:02.880 Right?
01:44:03.160 And we have a conversation with nine people.
01:44:05.080 Sure.
01:44:05.360 Right?
01:44:05.520 And we're having a good conversation.
01:44:06.760 Sure.
01:44:07.120 Okay, fine.
01:44:08.240 Now, we're all playing by the rules that enable that conversation to continue.
01:44:12.040 And the rules include the fact that anybody can step out of the conversation whenever they
01:44:16.480 don't want to participate in the voluntary.
01:44:17.900 Sure, like in a party.
01:44:18.220 Yeah.
01:44:18.420 Okay, right.
01:44:19.100 So, it keeps it playful and aimed in a positive direction and self-sustaining.
01:44:25.140 Yes.
01:44:25.220 Okay, now we get one person in there.
01:44:27.480 Okay.
01:44:28.220 Who plays status game.
01:44:30.200 That's okay.
01:44:30.920 Right?
01:44:31.200 Okay.
01:44:31.540 Now, so, and let's say, for the sake of argument.
01:44:33.820 Let's call him Lex.
01:44:34.560 That game.
01:44:38.740 What a jerk.
01:44:39.640 That that brings the conversation in some ways to a halt.
01:44:45.100 Okay, so, these dynamic voluntary model associations have been modeled.
01:44:51.320 So, you can imagine you can set up a stable society of cooperators.
01:44:55.460 But the problem is, is if you drop one person in there who's a shark, like a short-term hedonistic
01:45:00.400 psychopath, they can take everything.
01:45:03.480 They can take everything.
01:45:04.680 Okay, so, you said you can't use force.
01:45:07.660 What do you do with people who don't play fair?
01:45:10.340 If you're at a party, let's go this party scenario, and there's someone there who's being an ass,
01:45:15.500 whoever's home it is, it's their domicile.
01:45:18.500 At a certain point, you tell them, get the FL.
01:45:20.600 Okay, but then you have the problem of the necessity of force in that situation.
01:45:24.640 It's not force, it's your home.
01:45:25.680 It's their trespasser at that point.
01:45:27.880 I'm not saying it's unjust.
01:45:29.220 Okay, let's define, okay, define, okay, we already agreed that an optimized relationship
01:45:36.840 is dependent on voluntary asset.
01:45:39.100 Correct.
01:45:39.580 And we also agreed that-
01:45:40.800 And that they're fluid, right?
01:45:41.800 And they're fluid.
01:45:42.380 So, my right to be here on this show is fluid.
01:45:45.680 At any moment, you could be like, Malice, you know what?
01:45:48.200 You are really crossing a line.
01:45:49.860 We're cutting it here.
01:45:50.760 Get the hell out.
01:45:51.480 And that's not force.
01:45:52.400 It's still your house.
01:45:53.060 This is your house.
01:45:53.840 Okay, okay.
01:45:54.780 Then we need to define force.
01:45:57.200 No, and that's what private property does.
01:45:59.200 Private property delineates who has the position to determine what happens within that area.
01:46:07.440 Okay, okay.
01:46:07.860 So, if it's your house, and you say, if you want to be in my house, you have to wear an
01:46:10.780 orange shirt.
01:46:11.460 I'm not giving an explanation.
01:46:12.700 I have a choice.
01:46:13.880 A, I can show up in an orange shirt, or I can push your buttons and be like, I'm going
01:46:17.400 to show up in purple and see what happens.
01:46:18.640 Right, so you're defining private property as, I believe, as a domain where you are-
01:46:24.200 Sovereign.
01:46:25.560 Yeah, well, and so what that means is that you have the right, and maybe even the responsibility,
01:46:31.960 to use requisite force in that situation to maintain the necessary peace that's a precondition
01:46:37.080 for voluntary association.
01:46:38.000 But I wouldn't even call it force, because if I'm trespassing, I'm the one who's initiating
01:46:41.820 force.
01:46:42.380 If I go to someone's home where I'm not welcome, I'm the one who's using force.
01:46:46.940 I need a definition of force.
01:46:49.240 Because, look, if you throw prisoners in prison-
01:46:52.040 Sure.
01:46:52.840 Because they continually violate other people's property.
01:46:55.260 But they're the ones who initiated force by going after somebody else, assuming that
01:46:59.900 these people were actual criminals, you know?
01:47:01.920 Yeah, yeah, we're making that assumption.
01:47:03.880 Yeah, someone's actual rapist, and now they were locked into a cage.
01:47:08.060 They're the ones who initiated force, who started this chain, and what is done to them
01:47:13.380 as a consequence, which is, let's assume it's done in a rational and above-board manner,
01:47:17.580 is a consequence of their actions.
01:47:20.100 So, okay, okay.
01:47:21.960 So, you're implying, I believe, that the use of force, this is why we need a word.
01:47:29.960 Because, like, if I have to throw you out of here, most people would say, by the normative
01:47:36.360 meaning of the word force, that I use force to throw you out.
01:47:40.880 Now, you're claiming-
01:47:41.820 But not in the moral sense.
01:47:43.960 Right, right.
01:47:44.580 Not in the moral sense.
01:47:45.920 Right, right.
01:47:46.620 So, then the issue becomes-
01:47:48.520 I've been welcomed in your home, right?
01:47:50.420 Yeah.
01:47:50.540 At a certain point, if I outstay my welcome, even if you're like, hey, Malice, come crash
01:47:54.580 on my sofa.
01:47:55.340 You know what I mean?
01:47:55.780 I know you're here.
01:47:56.540 At a certain point, if I'm blasting music or outstaying my welcome, and you're like,
01:48:00.840 okay, your right to stay here has been revoked, and if I start squatting, I'm the one who
01:48:05.880 is infringing on your private property.
01:48:07.720 Yeah, right, right, right.
01:48:08.940 So, for you to either yourself or call private security or the police to be like, get this
01:48:13.740 guy out of here, that's not an issue.
01:48:15.680 So, that's minimum necessary self-defense or something like that.
01:48:19.280 Yeah, well, that's a good principle.
01:48:20.800 I mean, I think one of the other principles of appropriate social organization is minimum
01:48:26.260 necessary force.
01:48:27.540 So, your claim, see-
01:48:29.820 But the problem with government is that forces-
01:48:31.440 The problem with government is that people won't-
01:48:32.640 See, we already agreed that the proper social organization is one based on voluntary ascent,
01:48:38.100 and if you're crashing on my couch, you might not want to leave voluntarily.
01:48:42.540 So, I'm transgressing against-
01:48:44.580 Again, you're the sovereign, it's your home.
01:48:46.180 That's what private property adjudicates, whose opinion matters.
01:48:49.280 Yeah.
01:48:49.620 And if it's your house, it's yours, period.
01:48:52.380 Yeah, right, right, right, right.
01:48:54.060 Well, period within some appropriate limits.
01:48:57.020 And I think we have actually worked those out quite well, you know, generally speaking,
01:49:02.340 especially in the United States with our definition of what constitutes private property.
01:49:05.940 So, see, I'm still having trouble with the domain of how you organize policy if your emphasis
01:49:15.620 is on what's voluntary with people who break the rules.
01:49:19.680 eBay does this all the time.
01:49:20.780 If I buy a fossil, as I have recently, from Czech Republic, and that fossil turns out to
01:49:27.520 be fake, I can adjudicate it through eBay, I can adjudicate it through PayPal, where I
01:49:33.000 paid, or I can adjudicate it through my credit card company.
01:49:36.280 None of these are governments, but they're all in a position to reverse that transaction.
01:49:40.300 This is an example of anarchism in practice, because the idea that I'm going to sue someone
01:49:43.920 in Czech Republic for a fossil, there's no possibility of that happening.
01:49:47.740 Okay, so this definition that you use that equates anarchism with voluntarism, do you think
01:49:55.580 that that's, I wouldn't say necessarily that that's how anarchism is viewed in the popular
01:50:01.240 culture.
01:50:01.620 Correct, and that's by design, just to say where the Soviet Union is viewed as somehow infinitely
01:50:05.920 preferable to Nazi Germany in the popular culture, right?
01:50:10.000 So, okay, so you're equated.
01:50:11.300 Because those who are in power.
01:50:12.640 I wondered why you were relatively easy to get along with an anarchist, and it's fundamentally
01:50:16.500 because you predicate your notion of anarchism on voluntary ascent.
01:50:20.580 But they all did.
01:50:22.220 I mean, Emma Goldman and Berkman did as well.
01:50:24.040 They wanted a society based on peace, and they viewed the capitalists as exploiters.
01:50:28.220 So even at the end of the day, this is one of the reasons Berkman and Goldman were both
01:50:32.080 yelling at Lenin.
01:50:33.240 They're like, we're for their version.
01:50:35.240 They called it anarchism and socialism regarded synonymous in that school at the time.
01:50:39.140 Therefore, we're for the individual.
01:50:40.920 Complete free speech.
01:50:42.640 Emma Goldman fought to fight the draft in World War I, she was correct, and to teach
01:50:49.980 women how to prevent pregnancy.
01:50:51.380 At the time, it was a felony to distribute condoms or to explain birth control from a doctor
01:50:56.780 to someone who wanted to prevent a pregnancy.
01:50:58.580 So, and books were banned.
01:51:01.100 You know, you can't use the mails.
01:51:02.320 Ulysses, James Joyce was banned, for example.
01:51:04.640 So that was their version of anarchism.
01:51:08.060 And they're spot on in that regard.
01:51:10.320 The government has the position to tell you what you can or can't say to whom.
01:51:15.100 So your claim probably is something like, it seems to me, that your claim is something like you have the right and perhaps the responsibility to respond in a manner that restores the peace.
01:51:30.580 That's a good way of thinking about it.
01:51:32.020 If someone violates the principles by which any interaction could continue on the basis of voluntary asset.
01:51:39.840 I don't know.
01:51:41.200 I don't know if I can follow that train of thought.
01:51:42.780 Well, I'm trying to figure out exactly the justification for me being able to throw you off your couch.
01:51:49.500 It's like your point is that the fact that you've overstayed your welcome means that you've already introduced an element of compulsion and force.
01:51:57.800 Correct.
01:51:57.820 That's exactly correct.
01:51:58.440 Well, and the reason that that would be wrong is because it violates that principle of voluntary asset.
01:52:03.460 Yes.
01:52:03.700 I no longer want you on my damn couch.
01:52:05.820 Right.
01:52:06.100 Right.
01:52:06.440 Right.
01:52:06.680 So you've already.
01:52:07.420 Let's watch our language.
01:52:07.900 Right.
01:52:08.220 Right.
01:52:08.400 Exactly.
01:52:09.400 Yes.
01:52:09.640 You've already, you've already, you've already initiated a process that violates that.
01:52:14.880 Yes.
01:52:15.040 That integrity.
01:52:15.880 The integrity of the relationship.
01:52:17.220 Yes.
01:52:17.360 Right.
01:52:17.660 And so then I'm not only justified, but required.
01:52:20.840 I wouldn't say required, but.
01:52:21.780 Well, that's a tough one, right?
01:52:24.060 Because, yeah, well, you can imagine, let's say, in the situation that you're already in.
01:52:28.600 Described is you did someone a favor and they're on your couch and they, they've been there for three months and they didn't get a job and they're eating like Cheetos and it's like, it's just not a good situation.
01:52:37.600 But what, what the alternative is like, it's, it's, it's Toronto and I'm going to be on the street and I'm going to die.
01:52:41.880 Right.
01:52:42.140 So like, that might be a situation where you're like, okay, maybe put, let me put you in a hotel.
01:52:45.720 I can.
01:52:45.960 Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.
01:52:47.240 No, no, fair enough.
01:52:48.200 But, but the requirement would come because maybe the reason you're not calling me on my behavior is because you're afraid or because you don't want to, you don't want to appear mean or you don't want to hurt myself.
01:52:58.420 So that when you're, but when you're in your room at night, you're like pissed off at yourself and your conscience is gnawing at you because you actually have something to do.
01:53:07.100 Yeah.
01:53:07.340 Right.
01:53:07.520 And it's time to call this person out.
01:53:09.180 Yeah.
01:53:09.400 Because you are, you are violating your integrity.
01:53:11.940 Yes.
01:53:12.500 Okay.
01:53:12.760 So that's what I meant by the responsibility.
01:53:14.840 Okay.
01:53:15.080 Yes.
01:53:15.280 Right.
01:53:15.480 Right.
01:53:15.920 Yes.
01:53:16.200 Yeah.
01:53:16.360 Yeah.
01:53:16.540 I didn't mean a deterministic responsibility.
01:53:18.700 I meant because we're, we're elaborating the idea that there is a principle of long-term integrity here.
01:53:25.040 That's actually real or maybe the most real thing.
01:53:27.480 What kind of person do you want to be at the end of the day is what it comes down to.
01:53:31.380 And this is, again, why I'm such a Camus fan and the idea that existence precedes essence.
01:53:35.540 I don't know if I'd say that literally, but the idea that we have, we are, I always use this metaphor and I think it's very informative where there's two types of people.
01:53:43.460 You go to a top of a mountaintop and you see the blank canvas and a bunch of paints and a certain mentality is like, what is this?
01:53:48.240 This is just stupid.
01:53:49.460 And the other type is like, this is a wonderful opportunity.
01:53:52.200 I can paint this mountainside.
01:53:53.480 I can paint something abstract.
01:53:54.580 I can paint myself.
01:53:55.800 I can paint, you know, just this blade of grass.
01:53:57.960 And that is what life is like.
01:53:59.540 That Camus version of life being inherently meaningless is a great opportunity for any of us to be the kind of person to a certain extent that we want to be.
01:54:07.180 Okay.
01:54:07.340 And this is very, very exciting because we're not really taught.
01:54:10.240 I mean, you're taught in school that you could do anything you want and that's kind of a lie.
01:54:13.820 But in terms of you can be the kind of person you want to be morally, that everyone does have that capacity to be.
01:54:19.240 And we're all going to make mistakes.
01:54:20.500 And that's what restitution is for.
01:54:22.540 Okay.
01:54:22.820 So, let me ask you why you conceptualize that as meaningless and why it is that.
01:54:27.900 Because it sounds to me like the meaning of what you mean by meaningless is something like the freedom to choose the direction.
01:54:36.940 Yes, correct.
01:54:37.400 Okay, but you've already made it clear that you don't regard that.
01:54:42.340 Okay, so back to the Exodus story.
01:54:44.280 I'll tell you something also that happens in Exodus.
01:54:47.000 Very interesting.
01:54:47.860 So, when God enables Moses to stand up to the Pharaoh, he informs him that there are certain words he should use.
01:54:56.760 He says, let my people go.
01:54:58.500 Right?
01:54:58.680 It was a very famous phrase.
01:54:59.640 But that's not what he says.
01:55:00.740 He says, let my people go so they may worship me in the wilderness.
01:55:04.420 And that's very much relevant to this issue of subsidiarity.
01:55:08.100 Because what it posits is that there's a form of escape from tyranny that isn't, well, I would say anarchic hedonism.
01:55:17.140 Let's try that out.
01:55:18.180 Right?
01:55:18.380 Which is what happens when the golden calf gets worshipped.
01:55:21.000 Right?
01:55:21.160 It's that everybody reverts to immediate gratification and everything descends into hell.
01:55:28.400 It's an ordered freedom.
01:55:29.860 And that's a vision of ordered freedom.
01:55:32.700 That's the proper worship in the desert.
01:55:34.420 And that's the alternative to tyranny and slavery.
01:55:36.520 And that ordered freedom seems to me to be something like the service of the principle that allows for voluntary ascent across the broadest possible range of circumstances.
01:55:46.720 Right?
01:55:46.920 And that would be a very good...
01:55:48.160 Is there a difference, then, in your argument for anarchism and the libertarian argument for a radically restricted government?
01:55:55.900 Like, do they dovetail?
01:55:57.420 Yes, six months.
01:55:58.580 Okay, so what do you mean?
01:55:59.860 Meaning this minarchist delusion is completely incoherent.
01:56:03.820 There's no such thing as a minimal government.
01:56:06.180 And we've run this experiment.
01:56:08.520 The Constitution was designed to create the smallest government possible and ended up creating the largest government that's ever existed.
01:56:15.400 So if you're going...
01:56:16.560 Yeah, yeah, yeah.
01:56:17.180 Talk about Plato with Aristotle.
01:56:18.740 So you think it's inevitable that the government just...
01:56:20.900 I don't think so.
01:56:21.600 That's what the data tells us.
01:56:22.800 So, you know, one of the things that happens in the Old Testament...
01:56:25.420 And by the way, before the ink on the Constitution was dry, people were going to jail for violating the first...
01:56:29.880 For free speech.
01:56:31.520 So it didn't even last five years before the sedition laws were being passed.
01:56:35.420 Well, no, in the Old Testament, the Israelites, once they escaped from the Pharaoh, call out to God continually for a king.
01:56:44.600 Yes.
01:56:44.940 And God says, no, you don't want a king.
01:56:47.320 And the Israelites say, yeah, we really want a king.
01:56:49.980 And God says, no, you actually don't want a king.
01:56:52.180 What you want to do is take responsibility for your own lives.
01:56:55.440 And the Israelites go, no, we want a king.
01:56:57.660 Right?
01:56:57.940 And so...
01:56:58.940 So...
01:56:59.940 That's your point.
01:57:00.840 Clean your room.
01:57:02.040 Yeah, well, the thing...
01:57:03.080 What I've realized more and more clearly, too, is that part of the reason that you...
01:57:08.040 And this is an ethical requirement, I would say.
01:57:10.080 And this is part of why I was struggling with Rand's conceptualization, but is that every bit of responsibility that you don't pick up for yourself, tyrants will take and use against you.
01:57:22.180 Oh, yes.
01:57:22.680 That's like 100...
01:57:23.720 Oh, yes.
01:57:23.820 Yeah, right, right, right.
01:57:24.800 So that's also...
01:57:25.540 That's really the core problem with the utopian delusion is that...
01:57:28.320 Because you could just imagine, you know, you can hear...
01:57:30.540 You can see...
01:57:31.400 I've seen whiny TikTokers bitch about the fact that they have to go to work.
01:57:35.360 And their complaint is, well, why doesn't the government...
01:57:37.840 We're rich enough so I could be provided with a universal basic income.
01:57:41.300 And I think, well, if you don't have the imagination to see that if the government made you so dependent or encouraged you, enticed you to become so dependent that now you're dependent on that universal basic income.
01:57:53.640 If you can't see that as the door opening to a tyranny so absolutely pervasive you could hardly imagine it, then you're just not thinking.
01:58:02.240 Because, of course, that would happen, right?
01:58:03.860 But a lot of people don't want to be free.
01:58:05.760 They want to be in that cage.
01:58:09.240 We see it nowadays where people are desperate to have COVID restrictions back and they're wearing masks.
01:58:14.700 Yeah, well, that's a false security, right?
01:58:16.780 Yeah, yeah.
01:58:17.280 It's also a cue that you're a part of the in-group.
01:58:20.460 It's a very clear visual signal that you're one of the good guys because I'm wearing...
01:58:24.540 Yeah, well, that's a form of security, too.
01:58:27.100 Yes.
01:58:27.260 And a form of unearned moral virtue.
01:58:30.940 All right, so maybe we'll close with this.
01:58:35.420 We probably should.
01:58:36.300 So let's try this.
01:58:37.580 So this is a complicated question.
01:58:41.520 All right.
01:58:42.320 Lightning round.
01:58:43.520 You're contrasting that form of...
01:58:47.900 In that specific comment, you're contrasting a kind of security and status-seeking with the proper moral orientation.
01:58:55.940 So let me try something on you for size.
01:58:59.960 I don't necessarily status, necessarily.
01:59:01.600 I think a lot of people just want security.
01:59:03.200 They don't care about status.
01:59:04.460 Okay, that's fine.
01:59:05.500 That's fine.
01:59:06.140 But you can imagine some people would concern themselves with security and other people might...
01:59:10.040 Yes, correct.
01:59:10.620 That's fine.
01:59:11.520 That's fine.
01:59:12.000 And both of those could be illusory and unearned.
01:59:14.240 Correct.
01:59:14.460 Okay, so obviously there's an orientation that isn't that, right?
01:59:20.160 That's an alternative to that, that you would find admirable.
01:59:23.520 Yes.
01:59:23.820 Okay, so here's one of the things that I've been deriving.
01:59:27.720 I'm writing this book on the biblical corpus called We Who Wrestle With God, and I've been trying to understand the nature of the ethos that's being presented.
01:59:37.480 Okay.
01:59:37.640 Okay, so one of the things I would say, there's two elements to the ethos.
01:59:40.860 One is that you sacrifice the short term for the long term, right?
01:59:46.240 Yes.
01:59:46.460 So that's a time preference issue.
01:59:47.640 Yes.
01:59:47.980 And in fact, that's the definition of sacrifice.
01:59:50.640 So part of what the Old Testament is about is an inquiry into the form of sacrifice that's most pleasing to God.
01:59:56.240 And it's clearly something like a long-term sacrifice, right?
01:59:59.780 You put up with the privations of the moment to ensure…
02:00:03.400 Riches in heaven.
02:00:04.220 Yeah, exactly.
02:00:05.340 So it's actually a time frame that's extended out into eternity, right?
02:00:11.340 Which is a very interesting thing, right?
02:00:13.000 I mean, I'm not even sure what to make of that.
02:00:16.460 Is that, like, is the proper time frame infinite?
02:00:20.620 Like, is that how you should be regarding the echoings of each of your actions?
02:00:24.280 Because the answer to that could hypothetically be yes.
02:00:26.780 Well, this is a big distinction between Judaism and Christianity, or at least as I was taught in Yeshiva, where we were taught that this whole…
02:00:34.080 When I went to church for the first time with a bunch of friends in the Midwest, they'd never met a Jewish person before, so they started interrogating me.
02:00:40.280 I didn't have a lot of the answers.
02:00:41.460 And one of the points is Judaism is not at all thinking about the afterlife.
02:00:45.260 Because the way we're taught is this life is a beautiful gift of the Creator.
02:00:51.000 And if you're looking, if he's giving you this amazing meal and you're like, what's for dessert?
02:00:54.800 It's almost spitting in his face.
02:00:55.940 Yeah, right.
02:00:56.420 So, appreciate this gift you've given and do the most you can with it in accordance with his witness.
02:01:02.580 Yeah.
02:01:03.040 And let him worry about the dessert.
02:01:05.360 Right.
02:01:05.640 He knows what he's doing.
02:01:06.600 Right.
02:01:07.060 As opposed to the Christians.
02:01:07.960 William Blake would have a good objection to that idea, I would say, because his transcendent vision was to see eternity in a grain of sand, right?
02:01:16.480 So, instead of replacing the present with the forestalled and suffering the error that you just described, is you integrate the eternal into the moment.
02:01:28.820 Yes.
02:01:29.260 Right, right.
02:01:29.840 Which, and then, well, you see that, you see echoes of that in the gospel insistence that Christ has that the kingdom of heaven is spread upon the earth, but men will not see it.
02:01:40.220 Right?
02:01:40.440 So, it isn't something, like, it's ambiguous because it's also what happens in the infinite future.
02:01:46.100 Sure.
02:01:46.220 But it isn't only that.
02:01:47.920 It's what happens in the infinite future that's infused into the current state.
02:01:51.500 Of course, there's very different kinds of Christianity in how they approach it.
02:01:53.720 Right, right, right.
02:01:54.340 Well, and it's a complicated problem because, you know, one of the things we've talked about today is the notion of time frame and the fact that as you mature, and this is actually the definition of maturation, is that your time frame expands, right?
02:02:06.520 So, that you're trying to calculate the proper path across the broadest possible variety of iterations.
02:02:14.580 But I just also feel very, very strongly that this life as we have it, no matter what your religious view, is not a dress rehearsal.
02:02:21.460 Right.
02:02:21.800 And don't take it lightly, and no matter what your faith is, God put you on this earth for a reason, and don't just be like, eh, whatever, I'll worry about it, you know, after.
02:02:31.040 In the afterlife.
02:02:31.660 Yeah, yeah, well, you can see that the, what, the exaggeration of that viewpoint leads to the Marxist criticism that religion is just the opiate of the masses, is you can suffer all you need to now because your reward in the afterlife will be infinite.
02:02:47.600 Yeah, well, I, right, no, no, it seems to me that it has something much more to do at a more profound level with this notion of infusing the moment with eternality is that, and Nietzsche kind of caught onto that to some degree, right?
02:02:59.360 Because when he was trying to work out what you would be motivated by if you actually, what would you say, express what he described as the will to power properly, that you would try to live every moment so that if you were destined to have to relive that moment for eternity, you would say yes to it.
02:03:17.060 Right?
02:03:17.360 So, yeah, yeah.
02:03:18.620 So, so that is, that is a constant.
02:03:21.340 You see, and you see this in the Sermon on the Mount, too, though, because what Christ basically says in the Sermon on the Mount is that you should orient yourself towards the highest possible good.
02:03:30.000 Yes.
02:03:30.260 Both transcendently and communally, but then you should concentrate intently on the moment.
02:03:36.340 Right, right, and then that brings eternity into the present moment.
02:03:39.720 Yes, do what you can with what you have, and you have that opportunity every single day.
02:03:43.420 Right, and that's what presents, well, and I actually, actually think that that is the reality that presents itself.
02:03:48.160 Yes, I agree.
02:03:48.800 What we see, your metaphor of being on a mountain with the easel in front of you is a metaphor that if, so you climb the mountain, now you can see everywhere, right?
02:03:57.860 So that's a transcendental place.
02:03:59.440 And so your metaphoric claim in that imagery was that if you climb to the place where you can see everything, that what presents itself in front of you is something like a blank canvas.
02:04:09.540 Now, you associated that with meaninglessness, but that's a strange association because I would associate that with the deepest of all possible meanings is that you have the ability to participate in creation itself, essentially.
02:04:22.640 So why do you, why does it?
02:04:25.060 Because canvas is blank and there's no wrong answer, per se.
02:04:28.500 Well, there might be an answer that violates the principle of voluntary ascent.
02:04:32.460 Sure, and it might be that you're going to draw a painting that looks like complete garbage, right?
02:04:35.560 But the point is, this is an opportunity, and this is an opportunity that's uniquely yours, and this is not something to take lightly.
02:04:42.140 Okay, so but still, why meaningless?
02:04:44.540 This is Camus' word, right?
02:04:46.740 Right.
02:04:47.060 He says life is inherently meaningless, meaning this idea that you have to live for the sake of society.
02:04:52.220 Right, okay, oh, I see.
02:04:53.600 So you see that as a rebellion against an arbitrary moral code, essentially.
02:04:58.640 And that's, one of his books is called The Rebel, so yes, yes.
02:05:00.880 Yeah, okay, okay, okay.
02:05:02.340 So that's, right, all right.
02:05:03.680 So I would see that as a variant of what the insistence that you should follow the spirit instead of the dogma.
02:05:10.860 Yes.
02:05:11.100 You don't substitute dogma for spirit.
02:05:12.680 Correct, perfect.
02:05:13.460 Okay, okay.
02:05:13.740 Look, that's a good place to end, actually.
02:05:16.400 And unfortunately—
02:05:16.820 You never said the second thing.
02:05:17.920 You said there were two things.
02:05:18.540 Oh, yes, okay.
02:05:19.320 Oh, I'm sorry.
02:05:19.940 I'm sorry.
02:05:20.580 Yes, yes, absolutely.
02:05:21.480 Sorry, absolutely.
02:05:22.520 Okay.
02:05:22.720 I should have trolled.
02:05:23.260 Well, so the sacrifice there has—see, the question that emerges in the Old Testament corpus is,
02:05:29.720 what's the nature of the optimized sacrifice, right?
02:05:33.360 And it is—it's something like—it's something like we've discussed already.
02:05:37.820 It's the sacrifice—it's the ultimate sacrifice of the narrow self to the transcendental self.
02:05:43.220 And this is where I was having trouble with Rand, because I wasn't sure how she organized the transcendental self.
02:05:48.800 We've already defined it.
02:05:50.520 Like, the transcendental self is the self—one of the ways of thinking about it is the self that enables you to establish a voluntary relationship, even with yourself, across long spans of time, while simultaneously doing that with other people who are also voluntarily doing it.
02:06:05.220 Right?
02:06:05.700 There's a pattern there.
02:06:06.600 And this is why the meaningless thing got me a bit, because if there's a pattern of voluntary assent that's optimal, which is what you're striving for in this anarchism, then that's not meaningless.
02:06:19.640 It's just structured in a very complex and sophisticated way that can't be reduced to a simple dogma.
02:06:24.880 Correct.
02:06:25.320 And also, in terms of being transcendental, we're still talking about her 40 years after she died, so her mission has been accomplished.
02:06:30.800 Right, right, right.
02:06:31.660 Well, that's the thing about, you know, if your work is infused with something approximating eternal truth, right, which means that it would highlight certain archetypal realities, those would be objective realities in her phraseology, then it's going to last, because it's part of the tradition that lasts.
02:06:51.760 And the tradition that lasts is a reflection of games that can be played iteratively and voluntarily.
02:06:57.140 Okay, okay.
02:06:57.980 Okay, so that's even a better place to end.
02:06:59.900 Okay, you are welcome.
02:07:01.200 All right, all right.
02:07:02.400 So, it turns out that we agree.
02:07:03.840 That's very, very annoying.
02:07:06.540 I love being annoying.
02:07:07.840 It's my brand.
02:07:09.300 All right, sir.
02:07:10.220 Very good to talk to you.
02:07:11.680 Everyone watching and listening today, thank you very much.
02:07:14.660 It was a great pleasure to hash through these topics with Michael, and I hope that you enjoyed, let's say, our walk through the terrifying consequences of a dogmatic utopian state,
02:07:29.260 and took to heart the fact that that is so dangerous that to call it unimaginable is correct, that the depths of horror that were produced in places like the Soviet Union are enough to turn you inside out.
02:07:41.620 If you have the barest comprehension of what happened, and the notion that that could be in any wise attractive is, I think it's the most terrifying thing that I can apprehend.
02:07:50.480 And then the question starts to become, you know, what's the alternative to that?
02:07:54.640 And is there an alternative to totalitarianism and misery in the final analysis?
02:07:58.800 You know, and our conversation today revolved around the notion that whatever that might be, it definitely has something to do with iterability and voluntary asset.
02:08:07.540 And, you know, those aren't merely subjective claims, and that takes you out of the domain of an idiot moral relativism,
02:08:15.840 the idiot moral relativism that makes all things permitted, you know, everything permitted in the Dostoevskian sense.
02:08:22.800 So, all right, good.
02:08:24.800 Thank you, everyone, for paying attention and following this, and to the Daily Wire people for making this possible,
02:08:30.880 for Michael Mellis for showing up today and being able to do this live with me.
02:08:35.140 That's a great privilege as far as I'm concerned.
02:08:38.040 And so now we'll flip over to the Daily Wire Plus side, and I'm going to talk to Michael a bit on the autobiographical side,
02:08:45.660 talk to him about his future plans as well.
02:08:48.240 And if you want to join us there, please feel free to do so.