Vivek Ramaswamy, the former Republican presidential candidate, joins Dr. Jordan Peterson to discuss his presidential campaign, his new book, Truths: The Future of America First, and what a Trump administration might mean for him and his views on the future of the country under a Donald Trump administration. Dr. Peterson also talks about why he decided to run for President in 2016 and what he s learned from his time as a presidential candidate and how he might be able to navigate the post-election landscape if Donald Trump becomes the next president of the United States, and why he believes there is no such thing as a two-sister society. Subscribe to Daily Wire Plus to get immediate access to all new episodes of the show. Subscribe today using our podcast s promo code POWER10 for 10% off your first pack! Subscribe, Like, and Share on Apple Podcasts and become a supporter of the podcast wherever you get your news and information from the Daily Wire + Podcast. Thanks for listening and share the podcast with your fellow Podulters! The opinions expressed in this podcast are our own, and may not necessarily reflect those of our corporate and institutional partners. We do not endorse the views expressed in the articles we publish on the podcast. We are not affiliated with any of our products, unless so deemed appropriate for commercial use. Thank you for supporting the podcast, and we do not own the rights to any of the music used in the podcast content provided by our sponsorships. If you are struggling with depression or anxiety, please reach out to Dr. . We appreciate the support we receive through this podcast. We understand that this podcast is a source of inspiration and support the work we receive from our listeners through our social media platforms. Thank you, and support our efforts. , and we appreciate your support is greatly appreciated. and we thank you for your support and support is very much appreciated in advance of the work being spread around the world. - Jordan Peterson - Thank you by the media that you are a beacon of hope, support us in the world and all of our hearts and words of support is appreciated - thank you in the words spoken out loud and support we get back to you. -- Thank you in advance -- thank you, thank you by you, in advance, by you are not alone, by the way, in the morning, in progress --
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00:01:10.460So, what I did today was the culmination, or at least the culmination for now, of a sequence of talks that I've had with Vivek Ramaswamy,
00:01:19.700who many of you know, perhaps the majority of you, that he was a contender on the presidential circuit on the Republican side.
00:01:27.820A young man who came really as an unknown into the race, although he had quite a substantial history of accomplishment behind him.
00:01:36.520And one of the things we've done with the podcast is track his progress, both as a candidate and also as a person, across the expanse of the presidential circuit.
00:01:48.380And that's been extremely interesting and illuminating.
00:01:52.960And one of the consequences of that appears to be the case that he's entered the close circle of the fundamental contender for the presidency, now Donald Trump.
00:02:04.020And so, what did we do in this discussion?
00:02:06.820Well, one of the consequences of Ramaswamy's journey has been the modification and specification of his political and philosophical views.
00:02:17.720And he's written a new book called Truths, The Future of America First, which launches on September 24th.
00:02:23.740And so, we walked through that, we walked through the chapters, which detail out his attempt to put forward something like a conservative vision,
00:02:32.600rather than the more standard conservative objections to the revolutionary vision of the progressives.
00:02:40.680And so, we discussed his proposition that a state that's functional and a psyche that's functional for that matter has to be predicated on some allegiance to a higher power, a higher authority.
00:02:54.320God is real is one of the insistences of his chapters in the new book, Truths, that there are two sexes.
00:03:04.800We discussed the climate change hoax and what exactly it means that it's a hoax.
00:03:10.000We talked about the value of subsidiary identity and responsibility with regards to the nuclear family and the nation,
00:03:18.100the constitutional nation state as a source of abiding identity.
00:03:22.720And then we walked through, as well, Ramaswamy's analysis of the current state of the Trump candidacy,
00:03:32.580the surprising entry of RFK and Tulsi Gabbard and Elon Musk onto the stage in the last few weeks,
00:03:39.680which is really a revolutionary development.
00:03:41.640We got his thoughts about what that might imply and how a Trump presidency might conduct itself as it unfolds across the months post-election.
00:06:10.440It's designed to equip people with the kinds of points they can use in dinner table talking point conversation with friends on the left who they otherwise may not be interacting with.
00:06:22.720Because I think one of the premises of the book is not just the content of it, but the methodology of how we get our country back, I think, is going to be through more open dialogue that we're not having amongst even friends and even family members for whom certain cultural or political topics have gone beyond the pale.
00:06:39.780And so each chapter ends with five hard points or facts that you took away from that chapter.
00:06:45.140I've never written a book that had that type of character to it as opposed to maybe more intellectual or academic bent.
00:06:52.160But I think that this actually may be the most useful of the books that I will have written, I hope, because it would arm a lot of everyday citizens who agree with the points that I make in the book but may not have been able to distill them in ways that allow them to talk to their friends on the left or friends who are outside of political interest.
00:07:09.780To be able to start the conversations at the dinner table that we're otherwise not having.
00:07:15.100So it's not quite a how-to book, but it does have an element of guiding people to have difficult conversations with friends.
00:07:21.860And I think that's a crucial part of this, with friends who they otherwise might have experienced distance with.
00:07:27.340That's part of what this book hopes to accomplish as well.
00:07:30.040Can we walk through some of those truths?
00:07:32.600Do you want to detail some of them out so that people have a more clear understanding of what it is?
00:07:37.180And also explain to us why you selected and focused on those?
00:07:56.380That's an adaptation of what I used in my campaign, that fossil fuels are a requirement for human prosperity.
00:08:02.040Another one is that reverse racism is racism.
00:08:05.080Another is that an open border is not a border.
00:08:09.900Another is that in a democracy, the people we elect to run the government ought to be the ones who actually run the government.
00:08:16.380Or as I phrase it in the book, there are three branches of government in the United States, not four.
00:08:22.060That's actually probably one of the most important chapters of the book, albeit the one that gets the most technical.
00:08:28.900Another one is that nationalism isn't a bad word.
00:08:32.400And that's a chapter whose thesis is that the elected leaders of a nation, including the United States, owe their first moral duty to the citizens of their nation.
00:08:43.760So that explores, I think, a lot of the themes relating to the future of America first.
00:08:48.320There's a chapter entitled Facts Are Not Conspiracies.
00:08:51.940And, you know, again, these truths are written, and the chapter that follows that is the U.S. Constitution is the strongest and greatest guarantor of freedom in human history.
00:09:02.620Another chapter explores the importance of the nuclear family.
00:09:05.720I make the claim in the book that the nuclear family is the greatest form of governance known to mankind.
00:09:10.240So it gives you a sense for the kinds of truths that I expose in this book.
00:09:16.360They're the kinds of things that had I said these things in the 1990s when I grew up in the American Midwest, I would have advised you to not buy this book because they would have been too obvious, right?
00:09:28.200The things that are so obvious, they would have been banal to say.
00:09:32.240The irony is now in the year 2024, many of those statements are controversial for the same reasons that they were banal 30 years ago.
00:09:41.120And I think it is when the obvious becomes controversial that it is really a reminder of how far we've fallen as a country.
00:09:48.780But I think that part of the approach of the book isn't to be angry about it, but to offer, let's just take the climate change agenda as a hoax chapter, for example.
00:09:56.020That's one that I think will, and already amongst the people who have had these conversations, does make a lot of people upset when they hear that framing.
00:10:03.840Are you claiming that climate change or the idea of it is a hoax?
00:10:06.020No, I say the climate change agenda is a hoax because whether climate change is real or not is the wrong question.
00:10:12.860And the chapter, I think, if I may say so, goes somewhat logically through not independently conducted research.
00:10:18.160I'm not a climate scientist, but amalgamating the research of a lot of people who have made this their life's work to go through the different questions underlying climate change, right?
00:10:29.380First of all, are global surface temperatures going up?
00:10:37.680There's evidence suggesting that the answer to that question may be yes.
00:10:40.900But now that we've gotten that out of the way, is there clear evidence or any evidence to suggest that that would propose an existential risk to mankind or the future of humanity?
00:10:51.660And that's where I believe the answer is no, against the backdrop of hard facts that the book exposes from other researchers that have highlighted, folks you've talked to even, Bjorn Lomberg, for example, has highlighted eight times as many people die from cold temperatures as warm ones.
00:11:06.460Well, then how do we synthesize that to a dinner table conversation that somebody is able to have with their friends who believe that climate change is the single most important issue that needs to be addressed, while not being a denier of the fact that global surface temperatures are going up, because they are, but getting to the heart of the matter of whether that actually has an adverse impact on the future of humanity.
00:11:26.000So that's the kind of thing I try to do chapter by chapter in the book.
00:11:29.660Well, that's part of that is-ought problem.
00:11:32.480I mean, you know, we've been enjoined repeatedly over the past years to defer to the experts, but that deference presupposes that any given set of facts immediately displays for your perusal a set of policies that should be intelligently implemented.
00:11:50.800And part of the problem with that hypothesis is, well, there's many problems with it, but one of the major ones is balance of risk, let's say.
00:12:00.360I mean, one of the things that we did that was so catastrophic in our COVID panic was to prioritize a small potential increment in health over every other possible concern, short and long term, and what would you say, abdicate any political responsibility whatsoever with regard to balancing those risks.
00:12:23.500And that certainly applies on the climate side, as even if there is a risk, the question is, well, what is the risk precisely, and what could we do to ameliorate it, and what would be the risks of that amelioration?
00:12:35.980Like the large-scale transformation of the entire industrial enterprise is no minor undertaking.
00:12:42.360And it's not at all obvious, as you point out, and even by the IPCC's own recognition, that that is the primary existential threat that confronts human beings, even on the environmental side.
00:12:57.040And so, and this is completely independent of the reality of climate change, which I think is also questionable, and the potential danger of carbon dioxide, which in my way of thinking has not been convincingly established, especially given the massive data showing that carbon dioxide produces global greening, especially in semi-arid areas.
00:13:21.040And that's like, it's a greening increase of 20%.
00:13:27.060Like, when I look at this data as a scientist, and I am a scientist, I think that data point is so overwhelming, 20% increase in greening, especially in semi-arid areas, accompanied by a quite dramatic increase in crop productivity.
00:13:42.380It's like, that single data point overshadows the significance of all the other data points, as far as I can tell.
00:13:49.900And that's only one potential problem.
00:13:52.120Okay, so you equip people with that chapter.
00:13:53.400If I may just, on the climate point, just because this is near and dear to my heart as well, and it is an example of what I strive to do in this book, where, you know, folks like yourself are able to go into the actual hard data points and form your own conclusions.
00:14:07.920But for the everyday citizen, that often, you know, people who have, you know, other callings may not have the same background that you do.
00:14:15.260That can be a difficult thing to do when much of what you're served up comes through the filter of intermediary sources that actually are in many ways bastardizing their so-called synthesis of the underlying research.
00:14:26.340So what I try to do here is at least demarcate several categories of questions.
00:14:29.840The first you raise is, I think, one that many people are at least comfortable now with broaching.
00:14:33.600The idea that, okay, even if climate change represents some kind of risk, is the cure worse than the disease?
00:14:42.360And I contend with that, but that is well-trodden ground.
00:14:45.160But one of the things I try to do in this book, and for example, in this chapter of the book as well, is to go beyond just that well-trodden accepted trade-off debate to actually even a deeper question of forget the costs of intervention.
00:14:58.940Are we certain, or do we even have a basis to believe that a net increase of a small amount of global surface temperatures is indeed a bad thing for humanity, period?
00:15:12.580This is irrespective of the question of intervention, right?
00:15:15.000Because many people say that, oh, we still need fossil fuels.
00:15:24.060That's a totally separate argument, but an important one from the question of whether or not carbon dioxide-aided or abetted increases in global surface temperatures of under two degrees Celsius over the course of a century is bad or good.
00:15:37.780And it turns out there are some effects that are arguably bad for humanity.
00:15:41.740There are other effects which are more convincingly potentially net positive for humanity, such as the fact that more people die of cold temperatures than warm ones, such as the fact that the Earth is actually covered by more green surface area, as you noted, than it was even a century ago, especially in semi-arid areas, as you're right to note.
00:15:58.760And then there's the deeper question of going even upstream of that.
00:16:02.760So are we sure this is net bad for humanity?
00:16:05.060Then there's the question of are we even sure that carbon dioxide is even the cause of the said phenomenon in the first place, when it's actually a much smaller percentage of the atmosphere, when we have relatively low levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere relative to most of Earth's history?
00:16:19.540Those are also deeper questions on the underlying science to ask.
00:16:22.120And so I find in many of these questions, we could talk about the border debate, we could talk about a number of the other issues, even in the gender ideology debates, where I think conservatives often will conflate those different questions, because we know in our gut what the right answer is, what the truth is.
00:16:38.320But sometimes if our goal is to bring, as my goal here is, friends at the dinner table along, we can actually do better by understanding which of those strands a particular audience on the other side would find most persuasive or is most receptive to, and actually use that rather than the amalgam of the general point that sometimes we make in our political discourse.
00:16:58.720Going online without ExpressVPN is like not paying attention to the safety demonstration on a flight.
00:17:05.400Most of the time, you'll probably be fine, but what if one day that weird yellow mask drops down from overhead and you have no idea what to do?
00:17:13.140In our hyper-connected world, your digital privacy isn't just a luxury, it's a fundamental right.
00:17:18.100Every time you connect to an unsecured network in a cafe, hotel, or airport, you're essentially broadcasting your personal information to anyone with a technical know-how to intercept it.
00:17:27.460And let's be clear, it doesn't take a genius hacker to do this.
00:17:30.780With some off-the-shelf hardware, even a tech-savvy teenager could potentially access your passwords, bank logins, and credit card details.
00:17:38.160Now, you might think, what's the big deal? Who'd want my data anyway?
00:17:41.820Well, on the dark web, your personal information could fetch up to $1,000.
00:17:46.200That's right, there's a whole underground economy built on stolen identities.
00:18:39.340So it's partly a guide to civil political dialogue.
00:18:42.580And I guess I'm curious, too, you know, why you picked the topics you picked.
00:18:48.080So I'm going to walk through some of them in some detail because I think that's a useful exercise.
00:18:53.080I mean, the first one you picked is really quite, what would you say?
00:18:59.800Well, you couldn't have picked a more contentious or deeper opening salvo than your proclamation that God is real.
00:19:07.900And so let me ask you this question in a relatively complicated way.
00:19:12.440So I've written a new book called We Who Wrestle With God, which will be out in mid-November.
00:19:19.040And one of the things I've noted about the culture war, say, that's reigning between the atheists and the believers, which is an element of the culture war, is that the phenomenon that we're discussing is ill-defined, right?
00:19:37.660I mean, Dawkins, for example, who's probably the most famous living blatant atheist who's making a moral case for atheism.
00:19:46.980You know, he parodies religious belief, especially of the Judeo-Christian type, as worship of the, you know, big daddy in the sky, which is virtually a quote from him, the sky daddy.
00:20:00.860And part of the problem with that formulation is that it's simply not true.
00:20:07.220Like the characterization of the divine in the Old and New Testaments, and this is also true of many literatures pertaining to the domain of religious phenomenology, is much more sophisticated than that.
00:20:24.880It's not easily parodied, except in the manner that you can take an oversimplification of any complex belief and parody it.
00:20:34.620And so the book I wrote is a walkthrough of the multiple characterizations of the divine in the standard Western canon.
00:20:43.300And I'm formulating this way for a very particular reason with regard to you, because you start with your chapter about the reality of God.
00:20:55.860The essential claim in the Western canon is that there's a unity underlying all things.
00:21:04.160So you could think about that, for example, on the positive side, as the unity of beauty and truth and love, that there's a unity that underlies all things, that it's an active process, that unity, and not merely a static state, and that it's the kind of unity that is related to you in a manner that's best characterized as a relationship.
00:21:28.360And I think those are the, now, it's also a sacrificial relationship, which has certain implications, but that's the basic argument.
00:21:36.740And, you know, the counter-argument is that there is no underlying unity, that the virtues and the goods do not sum into something that's commensurate, and that you have no relationship whatsoever between you and the infinite.
00:21:53.020And, like, I don't find those contrary hypotheses particularly credible, you know, are, like, for example, do we believe that there's no unity underlying, say, the manifestations of truth and beauty and justice, all the things that we consider positive virtues and good?
00:22:10.160Are they not united under some rubric that approximates the good as such?
00:22:15.880And are we not in some sort of relationship with that good?
00:22:20.000I mean, it's very dangerous to occupy to what put forward the contrary suppositions.
00:22:27.500It ends up tilting people in a nihilistic direction or a hedonistic direction, or it tempts them to worship power as an alternative uniting spirit, let's say.
00:22:38.580So, anyways, that's how I've been conceptualizing this same question.
00:22:42.340I'm curious about why you found it necessary and desirable to open your argument with this proposition that God is real.
00:22:51.600Yeah, well, I found it necessary because I think it's the most important of all.
00:22:54.920I found it desirable in part because I was able to bring a dimension to this that is maybe complementary to the one that it sounds like you're bringing in your upcoming book.
00:23:04.520And I will use that as a chance to say the only thing that I would not take issue with but expand on what you just said is that I don't think that that's actually limited to the Western philosophical worldview or to even the Judeo-Christian tradition.
00:23:18.780And so, the reason I thought it was desirable for me to bring to bear here is I'm actually a religious Hindu, and I believe in exactly the worldview that you just described, that sense of unity, that rests actually at the heart of even the Hindu worldview, what's known as the non-dualistic worldview.
00:23:36.760It's a philosophy that says the dualism, the separation between man and the supreme being, the separation between truth and beauty, non-dualism rejects the existence of that distinction.
00:23:47.580And, you know, I think how to describe Hinduism is it's the reconciliation of man with the supreme being and his creator.
00:23:57.080And I think that that is something that is a common thread through nearly all major world religions.
00:24:03.600And I think that the common thread that that debate, this debate about between the atheist and the person of faith in each of those religious traditions and cultural backgrounds and backdrops where that debate has taken place, I think, falls into the trap of believing that because you can't understand something that that other thing no longer exists, which is actually a denial of the entire history of science as well.
00:24:27.360Right. So the idea that your body is composed of cells that themselves contain, contain nucleic acids that all that offer the blueprint for your genetic makeup.
00:24:39.240The fact that you couldn't see that does not deny its actual truth.
00:24:44.300And I think that's the form of argument that I see with the atheist, not only in the American setting, but really for all of Western philosophical religious history.
00:24:53.500But it turns out, even if you look to ancient arguments in places like India for people who had a non-dualistic worldview, you could call it a Hindu worldview of believing that there is a supreme being that resides and is unified with each man.
00:25:06.680The fact that you can't see that or access that is not a valid argument on its own to deny its actual truth.
00:25:13.600Well, let's look at that a minute from the scientific perspective, you know, because there's actually, it seems to me that one of the prerequisites, the presuppositions of formal science is at least the implicit recognition of something like a transcendent unity.
00:25:33.020So, and here's what I mean by that is like any good scientist knows that his or her theories are insufficient, right?
00:25:43.540That our grip, the grip that our knowledge has on the world is inadequate.
00:25:50.540Now, what that implies is that there is a world that's a unity outside of our conceptualization, right?
00:25:58.320So that's a belief in a transcendent reality.
00:26:00.540So what you're doing when you do science is that you're subjecting your hypotheses to revision by the facts of the transcendent unity, right?
00:26:11.500You put your hypothesis up for testing against the manner in which the real but as of yet unknown world will manifest itself.
00:26:21.780And so you have to presume that there is a reality beyond your presuppositions.
00:26:26.460And not only that, you have to presume that that reality is intelligible and that making the effort to make it intelligible is actually beneficial and good because, and it could be destructive.
00:26:39.840I mean, you can discover things that are destructive, but the scientific mindset is predicated on the idea that the expansion of our knowledge in the direction of this transcendent unity is actually a net moral good because otherwise science would be an evil enterprise.
00:26:56.740And so it seems to me, and I make this case in this book too, that the hypothesis of something like a transcendent unity is a necessary precondition even for science itself to find its purchase and move forward.
00:27:13.700And the fact that the fact that the universities and the scientific enterprise essentially emerged out of the religious monastic tradition historically and technically is an indication of that fact rather than, you know, the kind of post-French Revolution notion that science and religion are somehow at odds.
00:27:37.140Now, there's one other thing too, and I'm interested in your comments about this.
00:27:41.140See, the other reason that the proposition that you begin with, God is real, is necessary in a political sense, as far as I can tell, is that there's dawning realization over the thousands of years of human civilization that it's necessary, even for those who rule,
00:28:00.540to be subject to be subject to some ethical framework or power that's beyond them.
00:28:07.680So even among the ancient Mesopotamians, for example, they, and these are the oldest writings that we have, which is why I'm bringing them into the discussion.
00:28:16.220The Mesopotamians realized that their emperor had to be an avatar of a god they knew as Marduk.
00:28:24.420And Marduk was the god of attentive watching and truthful speech.
00:28:30.540And so, insofar as the Mesopotamian emperor was an avatar of the spirit of careful attention, the attention that updates and learns, and truthful speech, he had the right to remain as emperor.
00:28:44.240But insofar as he deviated from that moral path, which wasn't a characteristic of him, but a characteristic of something transcendent, if he deviated from that, he violated the, what would you say, the principles upon which his sovereignty was predicated.
00:29:02.640And, you know, you have to ask yourself, how could it be other than dangerous for anyone to inhabit a political system where the presumption was that the ruler was the fundamental, final source of ethical evaluation?
00:29:19.960I mean, there's no difference between that and a tyranny, obviously.
00:29:22.860Absolutely. So, so, so much in what you said there, and again, it's another great example in parallel to our climate discussion now on this discussion about religion.
00:29:31.580One of the things I try to do in this book is to make that accessible to, again, ordinary Americans who feel and who understand in their heart probably what you said, but may not have been able to parse it exactly in the manner that you have.
00:29:45.940So let's just separate, as we did for the climate discussion, into a couple different categories of argument here.
00:29:50.540And it's funny, I actually, this actually relates directly to the opening chapter of Truths as well.
00:29:56.100I'm sure your book is a full book on it. This is a shortened version.
00:29:59.580The first point about science itself being predicated, the scientific method itself being predicated on that unity, that's exactly right.
00:30:07.900And so the observation I make to just make it simpler and more convincing to laypersons is that it is therefore not an accident every great scientist or many great scientists, you know, Albert Einstein, you go straight down the list, Blaise Pascal, some of the people who have made the greatest discoveries that have improved the frontiers of scientific understanding of the universe, did indeed believe in a single true God.
00:30:29.660And I do believe that that is something that at least should surprise people who adopt the post-French Revolution worldview that somehow science and religion are at odds when some of the unambiguously greatest scientists, physicists, biologists, chemists have all arrived at the conclusion that there is some greater mover of this universe that we're unified with.
00:30:50.360And the scientific method in the scientific method almost presupposes that exactly you're going to incrementally access knowledge that you don't have.
00:30:57.700And the fact that you're able to do that in the realm of science is actually validating, not contradictory of the fact that you may do the same through religious experience.
00:31:06.300So that's one category of argument, which is different from a separate, entirely different point, which is scientific knowledge is only one form of knowledge, right?
00:31:15.260The idea that truth is limited to that which you can access through empiricism or through empirical testing is just a claim.
00:31:26.140Well, it's also one that's scientifically—that's been scientifically invalidated in recent years.
00:31:32.100Because, yeah, the advanced cognitive scientists in particular, the scientists of perception, understand that we have to prioritize our perceptions.
00:31:41.420Because otherwise there's an infinite number of potentially relevant facts, and an infinite number is too many.
00:31:47.520And so we use a value structure to prioritize our perception of facts.
00:31:52.400And so there's no escaping from the value problem.
00:31:58.980And then, again, in the interest of sort of making this accessible, again, you go to Albert Einstein.
00:32:05.280He did not deduce his theory of relativity through empirical deduction or even through empirical observation.
00:32:12.820He deduced it through what you could call a form of meditation, right?
00:32:15.940Deep reflection on what must be true in the universe, accessing what we now accept as truth through a different mode than empirical deduction,
00:32:23.940which was later validated through empirical testing that at least accounts for our current understanding of relativity.
00:32:30.720So, A, you've got the fact that the scientific method itself relies upon the idea of some broader unity, as you call it.
00:32:37.300B, the fact that the empirical deduction of truth is not the only path.
00:32:42.300In fact, you have almost definitive proof that it can't be the only path to accessing truth and good historical examples to support that.
00:32:48.760And that's all separate from the other category that you brought up, which is the utility of religious belief, whether that's in providing a constraint or a structure around the sovereignty of any particular kingdom or republic,
00:33:04.220or whether it's even the fulfillment that most people are able to experience in their own lives.
00:33:09.020And here, you may actually be making a case for even a Dawkins-like atheist.
00:33:13.460I don't know what Dawkins' own views are, but an atheist believing that their kids would still be better off if their kids at least grew up being raised in a traditional religion and believing in God because it would result in—
00:33:23.720Well, Dawkins has described himself recently as a cultural Christian, and I think it's exactly for those reasons.
00:33:29.900Exactly. It's just the utilitarian, the utility-enhancing argument for it, for the same reason that you would believe that a republic like that of the United States or an old kingdom in Mesopotamia
00:33:40.980would be better governed if its leader were—their sovereignty were derived from but also located within a broader sovereignty under God.
00:33:50.020And so I think that those are four different categories of arguments.
00:33:53.560And some are actually grounded in truth, others are grounded in utility, but all of which lead to, as you put it at the beginning, the desirability, but also the importance and necessity of starting the book with that exploration of why God is real and why that's important.
00:34:11.440Let's turn, if you don't mind, let's turn to chapter two, which is that there are two sexes.
00:34:16.640So I want to, again, ask you a relatively complicated question in that regard.
00:34:23.000So one of the striking facts of human perception and conception is the primacy of sexual differentiation.
00:34:37.160So the first thing I would say about that is that sex emerged about three-quarters of a billion years ago.
00:34:47.640So it's a very, very old phenomenon, and it's very fundamental.
00:34:52.220I mean, sex emerged, at least in part, to ensure that creatures could stay ahead of their parasites.
00:35:00.740And I won't go into that in any great detail, but it turns out that sexual reproduction is more effective as a multigenerational strategy than parthenogenesis,
00:35:12.300because creatures could, in principle, just produce identical copies of themselves.
00:35:16.740But that turns out not to be biologically effective.
00:35:22.640Now, one of the things that implies is that the ability to differentiate sexually is also of fundamental significance,
00:35:30.200because creatures that fail to do that don't find a mate.
00:35:34.600And so that's that on the evolutionary side.
00:35:37.340And so even creatures that don't have a nervous system can differentiate practically and functionally between the sexes.
00:35:45.140But there's more to it, Vivek, as far as I can tell, is that the notion of sexual differentiation as a primal fact of being,
00:35:55.240I think you could make the case that that's the most fundamental of our perceptual categories.
00:36:00.600Like, I think it's more fundamental than up or down or black and white or night and day.
00:36:08.200And those are very fundamental conceptualizations, right?
00:36:11.040And so what that implies is that if you can gerrymander the perception of sexual differentiation,
00:36:21.520if you can do that for ideological reasons, if you can convince people to accept that distortion of reality,
00:36:28.480there's no distortion of reality that they would be immune to in the aftermath of that violation.
00:36:36.060So, you know, I mean, I thought about this very deeply since the entire notion of the gender spectrum has emerged into public consciousness.
00:36:45.360And we've seen the devastating effects of that with regards to medical malpractice, for example.
00:36:51.840I mean, the best data that I've been able to access now suggests that something approximating 10,000 minor women,
00:36:58.800minor girls in the United States have had double mastectomies that have been paid for by insurance.
00:37:05.380In the aftermath of this gender delusion that's possessed the broader culture.
00:37:12.900And I think one of the things that the Democrats are most culpable for and in an unforgivable manner
00:37:19.240is still maintaining their support for this view that gender is a spectrum and a continuum.
00:37:26.640And, you know, it's interesting because, of course, people do vary substantially in their personalities.
00:37:35.900And there are masculine and feminine personalities.
00:37:39.480And they're not 100% aligned with the underlying sexual biology.
00:37:44.420But that doesn't mean by any stretch of the imagination that the sexual categories are cultural constructs are unreal in any deep sense.
00:37:54.160So, okay, well, so that's, I've kind of outlined the way that I've been perceiving that.
00:37:59.740I'm curious about why you picked that as number two in your list of topics that need to be addressed.
00:38:06.000And what brought this to your attention and what you think the problems and solutions are.
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00:39:44.620And you could make the case of how foundational it is relative to other foundational attributes of living creatures.
00:39:50.160But it is in the category of foundational, regardless.
00:39:54.460One of the things I explore in this chapter is sometimes it's good to look at the exception that you would hear on the other side as the best argument against you or in my view.
00:40:02.360And explore that because, you know, people are going to encounter that if they don't encounter it in our own discussion.
00:40:08.060They're going to encounter it elsewhere.
00:40:09.520So, let's take the phenomenon of intersex, as you're familiar, right?
00:40:13.440So, this would be a rare set of genetic anomalies, chromosomal abnormalities, that result in somebody having, rather than two, normally, ordinarily, just for everyone's benefit, I'm sure most people are aware, two X chromosomes.
00:40:30.320That's the definitional distinction for sex on a chromosomal basis in human beings.
00:40:36.720However, there are rare instances in which individuals are born with and able to survive and live lives approaching normal duration with XXY, XYY.
00:40:47.940These run by names like Jacob syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome.
00:40:51.580Now, the fact that we have historically and continue to still describe these as syndromes and the way that we treat them, historically even related to classifying them as syndromes, I think in many ways reveals that, okay, the fact that that exists and those people deserve to be treated with dignity.
00:41:12.800And part of our societal approach for nearly all of history to treat them with dignity is to characterize that as a syndrome in a way that's able to be addressed reveals exactly the point that you were making, which is that it is still foundational.
00:41:25.240The idea that we have otherwise ordinarily evolved to have two X chromosomes in the human race, you're a woman and an X and a Y, you're a man.
00:41:36.780And so I think one of the things I also explored making this, again, part of the point of this book is to make it accessible to ordinary people in the context of otherwise contentious political debates they're having.
00:41:49.040Let's not accept any of the premises that you and I have just talked about here.
00:41:52.200Let's not say that you have to subscribe to that out of the gate or you haven't studied evolutionary biology to be convinced of it or maybe that doesn't matter to you.
00:41:58.160It should be at least a little bit of a mystery, a little curious at the very least, that the very now umbrella political movement and cultural movement, the LGBTQIA, there's many letters there, so they put a plus at the end, that that LGBTQIA plus movement at once asks you to espouse contradictory claims on this question.
00:42:18.780So on one hand, that the very movement, this umbrella movement that told you that the sex of the person you're attracted to is hardwired on the day you're born.
00:42:30.240And by the way, that was a central claim of the gay rights movement.
00:42:33.000And it was a central claim of the legal argument for why gay rights count as civil rights, that it's an immutable characteristic.
00:42:39.180The very people who said that the sex of the person you're attracted to on the day you're born also now require you to believe that your own gender or even in some constructs, your biological sex is completely fluid over the course of your life.
00:42:53.740Now, you can't believe both of those things at once, but it becomes even less credible.
00:43:00.640That paradox is even more perplexing when you're asked to believe this against the backdrop of there being no gay gene, there's no gay chromosome, but yet that's the attribute that you have to believe is hardwired on the day you're born or else you're a bigot.
00:43:16.660And yet the attribute for which you do have two definitive, measurable, imageable, vikaryotyping, empirically discernible, you think about even the chapter of God is real and people who hold empiricism as even their false God.
00:43:36.900And yet to say that that's the attribute that is actually totally mutable over the course of your life, while the one that had no genetic or chromosomal basis, the sex of the person you're attracted to, is the one that somehow had to be immutable.
00:43:49.300So it becomes serially, I think, more and more ridiculous or at least untenable to adopt those contradictory assumptions at once.
00:43:57.240To say that maybe you could believe one of those things or you could believe the other of those things.
00:44:01.040But the postmodern demand is that you believe both of those things at once, which is something that even for somebody who isn't, you know, maybe as drawn to the underlying biological or evolutionary historical truth, could at least acknowledge the hypocrisy of that for the purpose of civil dinner table conversation, which again is part of the purpose of my book, to make some of these concepts a little bit more accessible.
00:44:25.720I think it points to the fact that the argument isn't the issue.
00:44:32.180Like the issue, as far as I can tell, is something like, let's walk through it a little bit and see if we can formulate it.
00:44:39.860It's something like the presumption that I am going to gerrymander my perceptual and cognitive categories such that at any given moment, I have maximal freedom to pursue whatever form of gratification, sexual and otherwise, that might come to mind.
00:45:01.900And so if that's my goal, and I think that is the goal of the hedonistic left, is to justify that attitude of pleasure, immediate pleasure seeking at the expense of everything else, then the logical contradictions don't matter.
00:45:19.700And so if that means sometimes assuming that everything is radically socially constructed, so that any constraint placed upon me is just an arbitrary manifestation of the tyrannical patriarchy, well then I'll accept that when it suits my desire to explore my hedonistic proclivities.
00:45:42.120And if it means in other circumstances that I have to accept the idea of immutability with regards to sexual attraction, I'll also do that happily because the real game here is, I think, what's increasingly on display in the pride parades, which is not so much a celebration of the freedom to love, which is what the democratic good thinkers insist upon.
00:46:05.460But the freedom to pursue any form of gratification whatsoever, free from any possible constraints of future or social orientation.
00:46:18.440I mean, that's what explains the willingness, I think, to swallow these contradictions, because they aren't contradictory at that deeper level.
00:46:27.180If your desire is that your desires are gratified immediately, regardless of any other consideration, then there is no contradiction at that level of analysis.
00:46:37.100And so if we're to then connect a common thread through all three of the topics we've discussed so far, and we're going through in no particular order in the different chapters of my book, and so be it, but let's just connect these three, right?
00:46:49.780We've talked about climate, we've talked about religion, the claim that God is real, and now this notion, our conviction, the truth that there are two genders based on two sexes.
00:47:02.200And I think a common thread exists there where your point is logic was never really the point or argument was never really going to be the mode of persuasion in the first place.
00:47:11.500What are these new, this new climate change agenda and the LGBTQIA agenda?
00:47:17.280What's really at the heart of it is they really do have the characteristics of actually, to bring it full circle, modern religions, right?
00:47:24.100And so when you stop believing in the real thing, you're going to believe in alternative religions instead, or the idea of hedonism as an end in itself.
00:47:32.960That is the ultimate false idol or the false god.
00:47:36.780Whether you believe that if there isn't some sort of other controlling and constraining demand on how human beings are supposed to behave through a moral order and endowed upon us by God,
00:47:46.920then you will believe in a different constraining principle imposed on human beings by the climate.
00:47:54.100So I do think that that goes to this native human need for belief in higher purpose, belief in meaning, belief in identity.
00:48:03.520Well, that's probably something, well, it's probably something like the irresistible force of the quest for a unifying hypothesis.
00:48:16.840I mean, we could make that, you know, the case you laid out, and I think this is genuine, is that there's no escape from a belief structure.
00:48:27.840Because, and that's partly, imagine that that's partly because you have to conceptualize your beliefs in relationship to one another,
00:48:35.520and you have to do that in something resembling a hierarchical manner, because some things you believe have to be primary compared to other things that you believe.
00:48:45.100You know, like you value your wife more than some random woman on the street, for example, which indicates a priority of value.
00:48:52.660Now, you can debate whether or not you should do that, but you can't debate that you do do that.
00:48:58.700So, let's say that people are driven by necessity to organize their beliefs coherently and hierarchically,
00:49:07.220and that implies that there's going to be competitions between different hierarchies of belief,
00:49:12.320but that there's no escape from the necessity of a hierarchy of belief, partly because in the absence of such a hierarchy,
00:49:19.020you're just confused and aimless, which is very uncomfortable and distressing psychologically, and also very impractical.
00:49:27.060And so, then the question becomes, well, what are the foundations going to be of that hierarchical belief?
00:49:34.240And you're pointing to something like allegiance to a transcendental unity in the classic sense that's associated with, say,
00:49:43.580with the mainstreams of religious thought that characterize mankind.
00:49:48.960And what seems to happen is that in the absence of that, alternatives emerge that are pathological,
00:49:55.980and one would be the worship of power.
00:49:58.140And you certainly see that with the postmodern worship of power, because people like Foucault,
00:50:04.200he's the best example of this, and certainly it was characteristic of Marx,
00:50:08.980make the presumption that power is the fundamental motivator.
00:50:12.520And it is a unifying force of, although it's pathological in the extreme, in my estimation.
00:50:17.840But you also see in classic accounts, the proclivity for people to degenerate in a hedonistic direction when they lose their moral guidance.
00:50:26.700And so, for example, in the story of Moses, the Exodus story, when Moses departs from the lost Israelites to go to receive the Ten Commandments,
00:50:37.900they're left under the control of Aaron, and Aaron is Moses' political wing.
00:50:44.820And so, you could think of him as someone who's only beholden to the whims of the people.
00:50:50.880So, he's a populist. That's another way of thinking about it.
00:50:54.640So, the transcendental guide disappears, and all that's left is the populist representative of the people.
00:51:01.520And what happens in the Exodus story is that the Israelites immediately degenerate into worship of the golden calf,
00:51:09.040which is something like orgiastic materialism, because they end up dancing naked in an orgiastic manner,
00:51:17.360in a drunken orgiastic manner, and worshipping something like the golden calf, which is a symbol of material wealth.
00:51:24.560And so, one of the implications there is that in the absence of a transcendent orientation,
00:51:29.780the populist proclivity is going to be the demand for the gratification of immediate desire.
00:51:39.360And, of course, that makes a certain amount of sense, right?
00:51:41.660Because, obviously, we're motivated to requite our immediate desires.
00:51:48.300You have to have a reason not to do that that's a higher reason, right?
00:51:53.820Just like you have to have a reason to mature, or you have to have a reason to forego gratification.
00:51:59.000So, of course, that's how a society would degenerate.
00:52:01.700And I would say, also, the reason it tends to degenerate in the direction of power,
00:52:07.180which is somewhat different than hedonism, is that the purpose of power is the gratification of hedonistic desire, right?
00:52:14.240Because if I want to gratify myself, and I have power, I can force you to comply,
00:52:20.400and you can become an agent of my whims.
00:52:22.460And so, that's where you get that dance between the hedonists and the tyrants.
00:52:28.760And so, those are the cataclysmic forces that beckon and destabilize in the absence of something
00:52:35.960like an upward-oriented transcendental subjugation.
00:57:32.540And he says to Moses, you have to stop doing this because you're going to be reestablished as a new pharaoh.
00:57:40.680And so you'll have all the problems of the previous tyrant.
00:57:44.100But also by depriving your people of the necessity of adjudicating their own disputes,
00:57:50.700you infantilize them and they'll stay as slaves.
00:57:54.140And so that's a very interesting and cogent critique.
00:57:57.600And so what Jethro tells Moses to do, this is a key, what would you call it, occurrence in the history of political thought.
00:58:09.700Because the issue that's being addressed in a very compact form is, what's the alternative to the tyrant and the slave, right?
00:58:19.620You could think about those as extreme forms of social organization, tight organization under a single power and no organization whatsoever.
00:58:30.140And what Jethro tells Moses to do is to divide his people into groups and make a hierarchy.
00:58:37.900So put everybody in groups of 10, have those 10 elect a leader from amongst themselves,
00:58:45.720then to make a group out of those leaders and then to take the leader leaders and make another pinnacle above them
00:58:52.680and to do that all the way up to groups of 10,000 and then to adjudicate the disputes from the bottom up,
00:59:02.060letting only those that can't be adjudicated at a lower level get to Moses.
00:59:07.320So it's the construction of a hierarchy that's called the principle of subsidiarity.
00:59:12.720And so it's the formulation of a subsidiary hierarchy of responsibility and identity that's the alternative to the slave and the tyrant.
00:59:23.580And you're touching on that in your formulation.
00:59:26.420This is something we've been dealing with formally at this Alliance for Responsible Citizenship Organization.
00:59:33.060That's an attempt to bring conservatives and classic liberals together all around the world.
00:59:38.620And so, you know, you're highlighting certain elements of those, that subsidiary identity, which is not only a belief, right?