Billy Bixby wakes up one morning and finds a dragon in his room. Why is this a good thing? What does it mean, and what does it teach us about the nature of reality? And why does it matter whether or not it's a dragon?
00:00:00.000So recently, I recorded some analysis of children's stories.
00:00:05.640Once again, I had done this years ago with Pinocchio and the Lion King.
00:00:10.880That was part and parcel of the lectures that I did at Harvard and at the University of Toronto.
00:00:16.940More recently, I recorded an analysis of Snow White, the Grimm's brother version, and also of Hansel and Gretel.
00:00:24.620So, I'm going to continue that today with a more recent book, a much more recent book called There's No Such Thing as a Dragon, the story in pictures by Jack Kent.
00:00:35.740I used to read this to my Maps of Meaning class often as the first lecture because it touches on themes that are very relevant to a narrative understanding of the world.
00:00:50.140A description of the structure through which we see the world is a story, and the motifs in stories represent cardinal elements of all of the environments that we encounter.
00:01:05.080And I'll try to make that clear today in the discussion of there's no such thing as a dragon.
00:01:10.760I want to show you a dragon that I have in my office here.
00:01:16.640This is a sculpture from Mexico, which I got several years ago.
00:01:30.980It's a circle, basically, and it has the head of a bird, kind of a monstrous bird, and it has wings like a dragon or like a bird, and it has a snake wrapped around the bird's neck.
00:01:47.020There's a book that I found very useful in my analysis of such things called An Instinct for Dragons by a man named David E. Jones.
00:01:56.920And David Jones offers essentially an evolutionary explanation for the concept of dragon.
00:02:04.520And he described a dragon as a tree, cat, snake, bird, like an amalgam of the features of tree, cat, snake, bird.
00:02:13.760And of course, there's the element of fire as well.
00:02:18.580And so, those are all elements of predator, you might say.
00:02:25.020The kind of predator that have been preying on us or our evolutionary ancestors for millions of years.
00:02:35.000We had tree-dwelling ancestors 60 million years ago.
00:02:38.320And so, the dragon is an amalgam of the motifs of predator.
00:02:44.960That's a good way of thinking about it, or of danger.
00:02:47.820And the dragon battle is a narrative condensation of the drama of human beings.
00:02:59.680The fact that we have to encounter the terrible, predatory unknown and to try to gather what's valuable that's hidden in it and to transform ourselves in that pursuit and to make our way forward as heroes.
00:03:18.440And part of that is the ability to pay attention, to careful attention to the things that we might want to put aside and avoid.
00:03:27.180And that's what this little story is about.
00:03:31.020Billy Bixby was rather surprised when he woke up one morning and found a dragon in his room.
00:03:37.940It was a small dragon, about the size of a kitten.
00:03:42.600Well, so let's delve into the idea of dragon again.
00:03:46.420So, the book's title is There's No Such Thing as a Dragon.
00:03:51.060And whether or not something is real depends to some degree on your level of analysis.
00:04:00.240So, obviously, bears are real and lions are real and Komodo dragons are real and crocodiles are real and fire is real.
00:04:08.820Is an amalgam of all those things real?
00:04:11.940Well, it's real in the way that an abstraction is real.
00:04:14.960It's real in the way that the word predator or danger is real, right?
00:04:20.960Because there's many diverse phenomena that are aggregated together in the notion, the conceptual notion of, say, predator or danger.
00:04:33.300But that has very little to do with the reality of the concept.
00:04:42.900Now, the dragon concept is broader than mere predator because the dragon really stands for everything that lurks in the unknown as such.
00:04:55.540And everything would be the danger that's part and parcel of the unknown, which is the place that the predators aggregate, let's say, but also the promise.
00:05:05.720So, out in the unknown, which is the land of dragons, there are terrible dangers and great benefit.
00:05:13.600Hence, the treasure that's associated with the dragon.
00:05:17.180And the dragon contact story is, the dragon fight story is really among the oldest narratives that we possess.
00:05:27.120So, it's an ancient motif, and it makes itself manifest in all sorts of stories.
00:05:34.080Billy Bixby was rather surprised when he woke up one morning and found a dragon in his room.
00:05:39.640It was a small dragon about the size of a kitten.
00:07:18.060If there's no such thing as something, it's silly to pat it on the head.
00:07:21.380Okay, so what's the psychological significance of this?
00:07:24.880Well, there are things that aren't to be talked about in many families and in many households.
00:07:33.220And the attitude that reigns in households like that is that if we just pretend that the terrible thing doesn't exist, that it will go away.
00:07:43.260And that's a form of willful blindness.
00:07:48.120I can tell you a story about willful blindness.
00:07:50.860So, in the Egyptian creation myth of Horus, Osiris, Isis, and Seth, there is a characterization of willful blindness as the cardinal danger that presents itself to the state.
00:09:28.300Well, it's because malevolence can make itself manifest in unexpected forms in your personal life, in your family life, in the community, in the state, in the nation, at every level.
00:09:43.280But the proclivity to turn a blind eye to the emergence of what's unknown and malevolent is part of the causal pathway to the devastation of the stable and productive state.
00:09:56.480So, that's all underneath this little story.
00:09:59.740Billy went back to his room and began to dress.
00:10:02.120The dragon came close to Billy and wagged its tail.
00:10:05.000So, now, you know, as a small dragon, it's also indicating its relatively benevolent intent.
00:10:11.660And so, one of the lessons you might derive from this is the notion that if you deal with a problem when it first wags its tail, then there's every reason to assume that it can be dealt with forthrightly and...
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00:10:55.280Straightforwardly, and maybe productively as well.
00:11:00.280And so, that's why the dragon in its small form here is still a benevolent force, right?
00:11:06.440Something unknown can make itself manifest as a mere matter of interest.
00:11:11.940And if it's not ignored, it can be dealt with appropriately.
00:11:39.800Well, apparently, or hypothetically, because the dragon, which is the anomaly, the predator, and also the place of possibility, because it's being ignored, it's growing.
00:11:54.980And so, what's the moral of that story?
00:11:56.980Well, it's the same moral that you can derive from the Egyptian myth of Osiris and Seth.
00:12:01.760If you turn a blind eye to something, then it can grow until it becomes an overwhelming and demolishing force.
00:12:11.860Imagine, here's an example, imagine that you get a tax notification in the mail from your local municipal authorities,
00:12:21.240and instead of dealing with it, you ignore it, you throw it in the garbage, or you file it in some filing cabinet, or in some file folder that you never planned to open.
00:12:32.540It's not like it just sits there, maintaining its form.
00:12:37.600It mutates and shifts across time and grows into something that can be quite monstrous.
00:12:43.420And all the anomalies, the unexpected occurrences that could turn themselves into predators with time,
00:12:54.440have the proclivity to grow if they're ignored.
00:12:57.920And so, this little book is a story about the danger of willful blindness.
00:13:07.260This sort of thing was not usually permitted.
00:13:09.340So, now you can see that the anomalous occurrence, the unexpected occurrence, the emergence of the predator or the unknown
00:13:19.300is starting to disrupt the stable subroutines of the family that make up tranquil domestic life and peace.
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00:14:31.820This sort of thing was not usually permitted, but there wasn't much Billy's mother could do about it.
00:14:36.440She'd already said there was no such thing as a dragon.
00:14:39.100And if there's no such thing, you can't tell it to get down off the table.
00:14:43.840You see that sort of thing happening in families where a child has a behavioral problem that's being ignored by the parents.
00:14:49.440It's that the assertion is that there's nothing wrong with the child, let's say, or the child's behavior.
00:14:58.480And so that assertion is perceived as the reality.
00:15:03.020And then the problem has the proclivity to develop until it gets entirely out of hand.
00:15:09.980And once the decision has been made that there's no problem there, then no amount of evidence about the problem is sufficient to shift the circumstances.
00:15:20.660Mother made some pancakes for Billy, but the dragon ate them all.
00:15:26.700Mother made some more, but the dragon ate those too.
00:15:29.660That's another indication, let's say, that the dragon is associated symbolically with potential behavior problem on the part of Billy.
00:15:38.200This anomalous occurrence, whatever it might be, is not only breaking the domestic rules with regards to its purchase on the table,
00:15:49.100but is also interfering with Billy's ability to eat.
00:16:01.140But he said that's all he really wanted.
00:16:03.800Anyway, so now Billy is lying about the problem that's interfering with him even being able to eat to maintain his mother's fiction that there's no problem in the house.
00:16:19.940Billy went upstairs to brush his teeth.
00:16:24.760The dragon, who was quite as big as Mother by this time, made himself comfortable on the hall rug and went to sleep.
00:16:30.900So now the dragon has grown to the point, because it's being ignored, where it's more than a match for Mother herself.
00:16:37.780Had she admitted to the existence of the problem to begin with and dealt with it when it first made itself manifest,
00:16:43.920it could have stayed small and friendly, but now it's large enough to be a match for her.
00:16:50.620By the time Billy came back downstairs, the dragon had grown so much he filled the hall.
00:16:56.180Billy had to go around by way of living room to get to where his mother was.
00:17:00.000I didn't know dragons grew so fast, said Billy.
00:17:03.860There's no such thing as a dragon, said Mother firmly.
00:17:07.920So now we have the situation where something unexpected and forbidden has made itself manifest in the house,
00:17:16.100but everyone has decided to act as if it doesn't exist.
00:17:20.100And the consequence of that is it's growing to the point where it dominates the house and is making all normal activity exceedingly difficult.
00:17:34.720I'm sure you've been in households like that.
00:17:38.880Cleaning the downstairs took Mother all morning, what with the dragon in the way and having to climb in and out of windows to get from room to room.
00:17:48.240Okay, so this is a humorous way of dealing with the fact that if a problem emerges in a household and it's not dealt with,
00:17:57.540it can become so all-consuming that it makes all activity that should otherwise be simple and straightforward virtually impossible.
00:18:08.520So a behavioral problem that's emerged in the course of a child's development can have exactly that aspect where there's denial,