The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - September 15, 2019


Aim at a Star - A 12 Rules for Life Lecture


Episode Stats

Length

1 hour and 50 minutes

Words per Minute

182.77814

Word Count

20,223

Sentence Count

438

Misogynist Sentences

10

Hate Speech Sentences

22


Summary

Dr. Jordan Peterson has created a new series that could be a lifeline for those battling depression and anxiety. We know how isolating and overwhelming these conditions can be, and we wanted to take a moment to reach out to those listening who may be struggling. With decades of experience helping patients, Dr. Peterson offers a unique understanding of why you might be feeling this way. In his new series, he provides a roadmap towards healing, showing that while the journey isn t easy, it s absolutely possible to find your way forward. If you re suffering, please know you are not alone. There s hope, and there s a path to feeling better. Go to Dailywire Plus now and start watching Dr. Jordan B. Peterson on Depression and Anxiety. Let this be the first step towards the brighter future you deserve. This is a podcast from Rochester, New York, recorded on September 5th, 2018, titled Aim at a Star, a 12 Rules for Life Lecture. I m Mikayla Peterson, and I ve been on the road for two weeks. It seems like a long time, although it seems like it has only been a short amount of time. I thought I d update you on what s been going on in the past couple of months. I m here to give you guys a little update on what's been happening in my life and what's going on with me and my family. I hope you ll enjoy it. -Mikayla -J.B. Peterson . J. B. ( ) (J. Peterson ( ) ( ) . ( ( . ) ( . . . . (J.) (J ) (J) (J). (A.B.) (K. B.) (A) (P) (K) (P). (K.) (K). (A.) (P.) (T) (R) (S. (A). (T). (P. (C) (C.) ) (D) (Alyssa) (M. ( ) ) (P)? (P (R). (S) (B.) (S(A) (Q) (Z) (D). (Q). ( ) & (Q.) (Q)? (I) [A) & (S)? (A ) (B) (E) (F) (I hope you like it?


Transcript

00:00:00.960 Hey everyone, real quick before you skip, I want to talk to you about something serious and important.
00:00:06.480 Dr. Jordan Peterson has created a new series that could be a lifeline for those battling depression and anxiety.
00:00:12.740 We know how isolating and overwhelming these conditions can be, and we wanted to take a moment to reach out to those listening who may be struggling.
00:00:20.100 With decades of experience helping patients, Dr. Peterson offers a unique understanding of why you might be feeling this way in his new series.
00:00:27.420 He provides a roadmap towards healing, showing that while the journey isn't easy, it's absolutely possible to find your way forward.
00:00:35.360 If you're suffering, please know you are not alone. There's hope, and there's a path to feeling better.
00:00:41.780 Go to Daily Wire Plus now and start watching Dr. Jordan B. Peterson on depression and anxiety.
00:00:47.460 Let this be the first step towards the brighter future you deserve.
00:00:57.420 Welcome to Season 2, Episode 26 of the Jordan B. Peterson Podcast.
00:01:04.480 I'm Mikayla Peterson, dad's daughter and collaborator, eldest child, and basically the backbone of this family.
00:01:11.400 Nah, that's actually mom, who, speaking of which, is still doing better and better.
00:01:16.300 I'm fasting again. I swear I don't have an eating disorder.
00:01:19.300 I can't get enough of this fasting.
00:01:21.940 Clarity of mind.
00:01:23.700 Sharpened jawline.
00:01:25.240 Yes, please.
00:01:26.860 Increased energy, cancer prevention.
00:01:29.180 Seriously, seriously, seriously recommend.
00:01:32.400 But use salt and water when you're fasting.
00:01:34.660 Don't just drink regular water or you will feel terrible.
00:01:38.500 Salt your water.
00:01:39.400 And if you're on a ketogenic diet, that'll make it easier.
00:01:41.760 If you're not on a ketogenic diet, you should be.
00:01:45.160 It's not a fad.
00:01:46.720 I was talking to mom today.
00:01:47.780 Hey, mom, isn't it cool that I found out my body fat percentage was a little bit high and I did a week-long fast and I lost 10 pounds?
00:01:55.960 You know, I was like looking, kind of looking for a pat on the back, I guess, for having self-control.
00:02:01.440 Because doing a week-long fast is kind of intense.
00:02:04.260 And she was like, yeah, that's what happens when you fast for a week.
00:02:08.020 Happened to Jordan, too.
00:02:10.700 I gave up looking for a pat on the back anyway.
00:02:12.800 She's very difficult to impress.
00:02:15.380 If you are a boss and you only eat meat, fasting is even easier.
00:02:19.260 I'm literally transforming into a lion, if you're interested at all.
00:02:23.140 I'm doing Instagram and Facebook and YouTube lives throughout this fast, 8.30 p.m. ET usually.
00:02:30.360 I'm also writing a how-to guide for the diet for people who want to get fitter or feel better or people with autoimmune disorders or mood disorders
00:02:38.380 and exactly what it is we do, what to expect when you get on it.
00:02:42.200 They'll be up for subscribers on ThinkSpot or available on my website, but I'll keep everyone posted.
00:02:46.620 If you haven't heard of ThinkSpot, it's the social media platform Dad's involved with that won't be unnecessarily censored.
00:02:54.500 It has a ton of functionalities I haven't seen anywhere else, like podcast annotation.
00:02:58.540 Head over to ThinkSpot.com and sign up to see what it's all about.
00:03:01.900 It's being unveiled, finally, September 30th.
00:03:05.580 And the first people who signed up will be allowed in.
00:03:08.100 Fancy, huh?
00:03:09.200 An intellectual platform that won't be censored.
00:03:12.480 Take that, Google and Facebook.
00:03:14.700 This is a podcast from Rochester, New York, recorded on September 5th, 2018, titled
00:03:20.040 Aim at a Star, a 12 Rules for Life Lecture.
00:03:22.880 Well, that's very nice of you.
00:03:43.540 So, I haven't done a talk for two weeks.
00:03:53.000 It seems like a long time, although it's strange.
00:03:55.260 We've been on the road for so long now.
00:03:56.980 It's basically since January that this seems like normal life, weirdly enough.
00:04:02.920 So, it's nice to be back and it's good to be here.
00:04:06.140 I thought I might update you a little bit about what I'm up to, apart from doing this tour.
00:04:13.560 So, my wife and I, Tammy, she's somewhere in the audience, ensconced somewhere in the audience.
00:04:18.460 She's been traveling along helping me out and making sure I don't do anything too dreadfully stupid along the way.
00:04:24.040 Which is one of the reasons that you should marry someone sensible, or at least more sensible than you, if you can find someone more sensible than you, who would marry you.
00:04:32.200 It's not that easy, necessarily.
00:04:35.840 Yeah.
00:04:36.380 That's why I think it was Nietzsche who said that, that being loved by someone should immediately disenchant you with them.
00:04:43.960 So, right.
00:04:45.500 Woody Allen had a variation of that.
00:04:47.000 He said, I'd never belong to a club that would have me as a member.
00:04:50.920 So, it's the same kind of idea.
00:04:53.700 Anyways, we've been traveling around and I think we've gone to 65 cities so far.
00:04:58.380 So, that's been really something.
00:05:01.820 But August was a bit of a break.
00:05:04.560 I only really had two talks in August, both in Central Canada and Saskatchewan.
00:05:09.120 And so, I've had a chance to step back a little bit and think.
00:05:14.320 Some of you, I have a Patreon account.
00:05:16.960 And the reason I'm telling you that is because I'm devoting the money from that Patreon account, or some of the money from that Patreon account, to a project that you might be interested in.
00:05:25.740 So, I've hired some people to work on an online university.
00:05:29.100 We've sort of expanded the scope of it, though.
00:05:31.920 We want it to be kind of a universal education system.
00:05:36.080 So, I've hired three really smart people, young people.
00:05:39.360 And they're working really hard on that.
00:05:41.520 And I would say we're ahead of schedule.
00:05:43.300 So, that's pretty cool because projects are never ahead of schedule.
00:05:46.660 So, that's fun.
00:05:48.580 Part of what we're trying to do is we've used Wikipedia.
00:05:52.620 We've mapped Wikipedia to kind of get a sense of the general knowledge structure.
00:05:57.020 You know, because Wikipedia covers almost everything.
00:05:59.340 And it's not exactly easy to tell what the structure of knowledge is.
00:06:03.600 But the work is already done with Wikipedia, essentially.
00:06:05.900 And there are maps of Wikipedia that sort of lay out the structure of knowledge as such.
00:06:10.720 And we're trying to figure out how we can build accreditation processes, accreditation and questioning processes, to go along with the knowledge structure that's associated with Wikipedia.
00:06:21.040 And also to build multimedia on top of that.
00:06:24.060 So, imagine that if you're interested in a topic like solar radiation or something like that.
00:06:29.860 Maybe you can think of a more interesting topic than that.
00:06:32.220 But for some reason that popped into my head that you'd be able to go to the site and you could find a 30-second video on solar radiation.
00:06:40.640 And like a five-minute video and a 15-minute video and a half-an-hour video.
00:06:43.960 Depending on the level of resolution that you wanted to, the level of resolution for the knowledge that you wanted to develop.
00:06:52.380 And that each of the educational materials would be set up in a competitive manner.
00:06:57.840 So that people could submit 30-second videos and five-minute videos and 15-minute videos.
00:07:02.080 And then they'd compete for popularity so that the good ones would rise to the top.
00:07:05.940 We want to set up a platform where we can devote most of the money that the platform generates to the people who are doing the content creation.
00:07:13.020 Because then, hopefully, we could foster a whole infrastructure of content creators.
00:07:18.040 And then we want to associate that with a questioning process.
00:07:22.560 So that once you develop your knowledge.
00:07:24.480 And this might apply to anything that you do on the web.
00:07:26.920 This would be a nice thing to do.
00:07:28.560 So that you could watch whatever you're watching that would teach you something.
00:07:32.460 And you could pick whatever time frame you have to learn something.
00:07:36.560 You know, so maybe you want to take a 30-second break.
00:07:38.340 And you could learn something in 30 seconds.
00:07:39.780 And then you'd get three or four questions that would test your knowledge of that.
00:07:43.020 And then all the questions you got right would be stored so that you'd have a bank of what you already knew.
00:07:47.840 And all the questions you got wrong would be stored so they could be represented to you.
00:07:51.720 And we're going to associate all the questions that you get wrong with a source.
00:07:56.560 Either video or text or whatever it might be.
00:07:58.780 That would tell you how to answer the question that you got wrong.
00:08:01.940 And so one of the things we've thought about is, you know, most of the time in education.
00:08:06.020 If you take a test, it's mostly punitive.
00:08:08.440 It's mostly punitive, eh?
00:08:09.520 Like maybe you do real well on the test and that's good.
00:08:12.020 But maybe you don't do so well.
00:08:13.960 And then every time you get something wrong, it's like you get whacked on the head with a stick.
00:08:17.940 And there's some utility in being whacked on the head with a stick.
00:08:20.540 But it's not the best, necessarily the best educational technology, let's say.
00:08:25.860 But imagine that you could take a multiple choice test and every time you got something wrong,
00:08:30.500 all that happened was that you were instantly provided with the information that would enable you to determine why it was that you got it wrong.
00:08:37.400 So you would never have to get it wrong again because that's really the point, right?
00:08:40.760 And so those are the ideas that we've been working on for about the last three months, I guess.
00:08:47.080 That's not all of them.
00:08:48.420 We're trying to figure out how to teach people to write online.
00:08:50.880 That's hard.
00:08:51.500 Like teaching people to write is really hard because it's so difficult to grade essays, especially if they're bad.
00:08:57.240 You know, so, well, it's really true.
00:08:58.700 It's way easier.
00:08:59.660 A student will write an essay and hand it in to me and I think, Jesus, you know, it'd be a lot easier just to burn this and write another essay.
00:09:06.520 It'd be easier than grading it, you know, because you think, here's how you can make a mistake.
00:09:11.640 These are the mistakes you can make if you're a bad writer, okay?
00:09:14.660 Use the wrong word.
00:09:16.380 And so often what people will do is use a word that they don't understand.
00:09:20.320 So it's a large word and they don't know how to use it colloquially.
00:09:23.420 But it sounds like a word that someone intelligent would use.
00:09:26.320 So they'll use that word, but badly.
00:09:28.460 And that works if the person that you're writing to doesn't know the word any better than you do or maybe even worse.
00:09:36.740 But if they know it better than you do, it's actually not a very good trick.
00:09:40.420 So you can use the wrong word.
00:09:42.700 Then you can put it in a badly constructed phrase.
00:09:46.060 And then you can jumble up the phrases so that you don't make a good sentence.
00:09:49.380 And so then you can put the sentences in random order so that your paragraphs are just broken haphazardly.
00:09:56.820 Then you can sequence the paragraphs badly so that your argument doesn't make any sense.
00:10:01.240 It helps if you throw in contradictions as well.
00:10:03.580 So you say one thing, one page.
00:10:05.100 And then you say something completely different, the other page.
00:10:07.760 That's what postmodernists actually teach their students to do.
00:10:12.020 Yeah.
00:10:12.540 Partly by accident, partly on purpose.
00:10:16.460 And then to top it all off, you can make your whole essay not really come to any point.
00:10:22.140 And so those are the levels of error.
00:10:24.600 And if you have a spectacularly bad essay, then it fails at every single one of those levels of analysis.
00:10:31.120 And then it's just a hell of a thing to grade because it's, well, what did I do wrong?
00:10:35.360 It's like, no, you got the question backwards.
00:10:39.220 So we're trying to figure out how we could teach people to write online.
00:10:44.340 And, you know, we thought maybe we could set up competitive writing exercises so someone could write a paragraph and submit it.
00:10:50.500 And then somebody else could try to write a better paragraph.
00:10:53.320 And everyone could vote on that.
00:10:55.340 And then someone could write a better paragraph.
00:10:57.040 And then you could see how the paragraphs would develop.
00:10:59.200 You could do that at the sentence level as well.
00:11:01.080 Well, we thought maybe we could also break books up into paragraphs and then present people with paragraphs that would be informative.
00:11:08.120 But then have them summarize the paragraphs and have those rated by other people and have other people submit better paragraphs.
00:11:13.860 And we'd like to introduce an element of competition into the writing process.
00:11:18.380 Because that's another thing that I think can make acquiring information exciting.
00:11:24.060 You know, you can track your progress.
00:11:25.560 So you'd be able to track your progress in all these different knowledge domains.
00:11:28.220 You'd be able to see how fast you're learning.
00:11:29.700 And you'd be able to compete with other people to see how good you could become, say, at writing.
00:11:34.860 We want to do the same thing with people's ability to speak.
00:11:37.820 So they should be able to upload videos and have them rated in the same way.
00:11:41.680 So, anyways, we're hard at it, man.
00:11:45.040 And so that's one of the projects that I'm working on.
00:11:49.600 I'm working on another project with a friend of mine in L.A.
00:11:53.760 And what he's trying to do is to see if he can pull the Democrats back to the center, somewhat to the center and away from the radical leftists.
00:12:02.960 And so we're actually having a fair bit of success with that, as far as I can tell.
00:12:06.820 He's trained about 22 different Democratic candidates in elections across the country.
00:12:11.220 So that's pretty cool.
00:12:12.740 And his experience has been, which is quite interesting, is that he's talked to, I think, 85 candidates at different levels of government across the United States in the Democratic Party.
00:12:21.520 And he hasn't found one person who's genuinely interested in identity politics if they're talking one-on-one.
00:12:27.460 And so that's really something cool, eh?
00:12:30.460 Because, and it might be, because we don't know what tiny minority of people are really committed to the radical view of the Marxist postmodernists.
00:12:39.820 Even in the universities, it's not an overwhelming majority.
00:12:42.600 It's quite a very noisy and well-organized and reprehensible minority.
00:12:47.200 But in general population, it's a much smaller percentage of the population.
00:12:51.160 And so it might be, and I think this is actually the case, that people are much more moderate in their views than you might think.
00:12:59.500 But they're afraid to express moderate views because they're worried that they'll be attacked by the people who are immoderate and silenced one at a time.
00:13:07.320 And I'm seeing this in Canada, too, you know.
00:13:09.480 I've talked to the Conservative Party leaders, particularly in Canada.
00:13:13.000 And our Conservatives are sort of like your moderate Republicans or maybe your centrist Democrats.
00:13:18.520 Like Canada's entire political spectrum is sort of shifted to the left and sort of mashed into the middle.
00:13:24.760 Although we do have Democratic Socialists in the form of the NDP.
00:13:28.160 They never form federal governments, though.
00:13:30.260 But the Conservatives are quite afraid to be Conservative and to espouse Conservative viewpoints
00:13:36.060 because they're afraid they'll be targeted as individuals and mobbed.
00:13:39.520 You know, and they have reason to be afraid of that, I would say.
00:13:42.320 Although, if you're a Conservative and you're afraid, it's like you're done, right?
00:13:46.280 You've lost.
00:13:47.280 It's not a good thing.
00:13:48.520 So, anyways, we're trying hard to figure out a way to pull the Democratic Party,
00:13:56.480 either to pull it back to the centre or to indicate that it's actually more centrist than you might think
00:14:03.640 given the way that it presents itself and the way it's being covered.
00:14:06.940 And one of the things he's realised is that there's no real central messaging apparatus in the Democratic Party
00:14:13.280 and there wasn't a coherent central narrative.
00:14:16.360 And maybe because of that, the more radical types have, because you have to have a story,
00:14:22.760 have filled the void where there was no story with their story.
00:14:27.240 And so there's that.
00:14:28.680 And then the other thing I've been thinking about with regards to that,
00:14:31.600 and I've talked to a lot of people in the media to find out if this might be true,
00:14:34.660 is, you know, we've really got this sense that things are polarising.
00:14:37.360 And I think there's some truth of that in the West.
00:14:40.460 But I think that part of the reason that things might be polarising
00:14:43.160 isn't necessarily because people have become more polarised in their political attitudes,
00:14:46.900 but because as the classic media is dying, which it definitely is, and very, very rapidly,
00:14:54.560 first of all, they're getting rid of their fact checkers.
00:14:56.600 That actually turns out to be a big problem if you're supposed to be, you know, reporting facts.
00:15:01.540 And they're able to pay people less and less,
00:15:04.200 and they're subject to much more competition from online writers and online video sources.
00:15:10.380 And so it seems to me that what they're likely doing as they spiral towards death,
00:15:15.560 more or less inevitably, because of the technological transformations,
00:15:19.300 is that they're more and more tempted to use clickbait headlines
00:15:24.720 and to exaggerate the degree of extremism on both ends of the political spectrum.
00:15:30.200 And I think that's warping the entire political dialogue.
00:15:33.320 So the other thing that we're trying to do is to get mainstream politicians
00:15:37.440 who are issues-oriented to talk with people in the intellectual dark web,
00:15:43.040 to get them online where they can do long-form interviews,
00:15:46.160 because that would be good too.
00:15:47.380 Because maybe you want to find out if your politicians can actually generate a coherent conversation for two hours, right?
00:15:54.020 That might be a precondition for electing them.
00:16:00.780 So, because one of the things I've been struck by over the last couple of years,
00:16:06.900 it's probably been three or four years,
00:16:08.580 is the hunger that exists in the general population for complex, long-form philosophical discussion.
00:16:15.200 It's like, who would have ever guessed that?
00:16:17.220 You know, I put up a series of biblical lectures a year ago,
00:16:20.580 and they're 15 lectures long, and they're long lectures,
00:16:23.780 and they're fairly dense, I would say, like most of my lectures.
00:16:27.020 And yet people, like I think the first one has two and a half million views,
00:16:31.020 something like that, which is, it's on the first sentence of Genesis.
00:16:34.580 It's like, what the hell are you people doing?
00:16:36.720 It's watching a two-hour lecture on the first sentence of Genesis.
00:16:41.240 It's like, if you presented that as a business plan to a media company,
00:16:44.800 you'd be like laughed out of town, you know?
00:16:47.360 So, but it's the case that people are paying attention, you know?
00:16:51.140 And they're watching on YouTube, but they're listening on podcasts as well.
00:16:54.940 And the podcasts have also opened up this long-form forum, right?
00:16:58.280 Because you're exercising, you're doing the dishes,
00:17:01.040 or you're driving your truck, or whatever you're doing.
00:17:03.560 You've got hours that you can spend listening.
00:17:05.620 It turns out that people will listen, and they'll listen to complex material.
00:17:08.520 So, the other thing that I think might have happened over the last 30 years
00:17:11.760 is that we've all convinced ourselves that we're stupider than we really are.
00:17:16.040 And the reason we've done that is because we've been communicating with each other
00:17:19.260 through broadcast television.
00:17:21.420 And broadcast television is really narrow in its bandwidth
00:17:24.040 because it's so expensive, right?
00:17:25.780 Like a minute of broadcast television 20 years ago was, or even now,
00:17:29.680 it's phenomenally expensive.
00:17:31.480 And so if you had a message, you had to compress it into this ridiculous form,
00:17:35.560 this tiny little form.
00:17:36.580 And you also had to assume that your audience was composed of clueless people
00:17:41.460 who had no memory.
00:17:42.740 Because you couldn't assume that your audience had seen anything else you'd ever done.
00:17:47.280 It was like presenting to someone with Alzheimer's disease.
00:17:50.220 So, you know, no attention span in Alzheimer's disease
00:17:53.120 is sort of the ideal TV audience in some sense.
00:17:56.760 Or not the ideal audience, but the inevitable audience given the technology.
00:18:01.040 When all of a sudden we have these long form technologies that enable,
00:18:05.920 well, they take the bandwidth limitation off audio material and video material.
00:18:11.040 And it turns out, well, people are way smarter than we thought.
00:18:13.800 And so that's really cool.
00:18:14.900 And hopefully, I'm hoping that the political dialogue in the next decade,
00:18:19.780 let's say, will be, those who engage in the political dialogue
00:18:22.940 will be forced to adopt the long form media
00:18:25.280 so that we can find out if they have a clue.
00:18:27.920 So I talked to Joe Rogan a couple of times about this,
00:18:31.020 about his three-hour interviews, you know,
00:18:32.840 because a three-hour interview, it's like,
00:18:34.500 that's a long interview, man.
00:18:35.960 By the time you're done with that, it's like,
00:18:39.100 you don't have any thoughts left.
00:18:41.120 If you had any to begin with,
00:18:42.480 they're all sucked out of your head.
00:18:43.940 They're done.
00:18:44.440 And I asked him how people coped with that.
00:18:48.160 And he said, well, some of his guests sort of ran out of steam at 45 minutes.
00:18:52.300 They're just out of ideas, you know.
00:18:54.020 And then other people can go on and on for, you know, the whole three hours
00:18:58.160 and hopefully in a relatively engaging manner.
00:19:00.900 And so it seems to me that that would be a good test, again,
00:19:03.940 for anybody who's seeking complex political office.
00:19:06.940 It's like, can you handle yourself in a spontaneous interview for three hours?
00:19:10.600 Or do you have to be handled so that everything that you say is pre-crafted
00:19:15.020 and pre-scripted?
00:19:16.500 Because that's just not good.
00:19:19.000 And so, let's see.
00:19:21.480 So is that everything?
00:19:22.720 I started writing my second book.
00:19:24.240 I'm about halfway through it.
00:19:25.760 So that's kind of cool.
00:19:32.640 I'm very happy about that.
00:19:34.440 I think this one has a white cover, the 12 Rules,
00:19:37.500 and I think the next one will have a black cover.
00:19:39.200 And so that'll be kind of a chaos and order thing.
00:19:41.700 And they'll make a good boxed set, I hope.
00:19:44.540 And so, yeah, kind of a yin and yang thing.
00:19:46.860 So that's kind of the idea.
00:19:48.620 And I've had the opportunity in all of these lectures
00:19:52.400 to develop my ideas further.
00:19:53.900 I'm going to do that a little bit more tonight.
00:19:56.120 So, and I'm off to speak at about 60 more cities,
00:20:01.240 I guess, between now and May.
00:20:02.860 So 20 in the U.S. in the next month,
00:20:05.260 and then 20 in Europe,
00:20:06.680 mostly Northern Europe and the U.K.
00:20:08.500 and then Australia and New Zealand,
00:20:10.660 and then in March and April back to Europe.
00:20:12.480 And then that'll be the end of this,
00:20:13.920 as far as I can tell.
00:20:15.420 And then I'm going to edit my book for four months,
00:20:17.860 and then I'm going to do a biblical series on Exodus,
00:20:21.480 which I'm really looking forward to,
00:20:23.180 because I really know that story,
00:20:24.400 and it's a hell of a story.
00:20:25.460 So that's the plan.
00:20:29.520 And we might run the online education system
00:20:35.580 through a tech incubator process in January and February
00:20:40.100 and see if we can get that company really, really rolling.
00:20:42.820 There's lots of people who are interested in it.
00:20:45.340 And so that should be exciting as well.
00:20:48.000 And that'll probably happen in San Francisco or L.A.
00:20:50.040 So the last thing that I've been working on,
00:20:54.880 I think, at the moment is,
00:20:56.560 I'm also thinking that it might be interesting
00:20:58.620 to have something like a two-day event in L.A.
00:21:01.680 I think in L.A., but I'm not sure exactly,
00:21:03.980 that would bring together a lot of the people
00:21:05.620 who are loosely associated with what Eric Weinstein called
00:21:09.060 the intellectual dark web,
00:21:10.700 to have a conversation about all the things
00:21:12.520 that we need to have a conversation about.
00:21:14.120 And I'd like to bring together musicians and comedians and thinkers.
00:21:19.220 I think that would be a nice combination.
00:21:21.580 And I had a debate with, four debates with Sam Harris,
00:21:25.580 and two of those are up on my YouTube channel now,
00:21:27.780 and the other two will be there in mid-September.
00:21:31.040 And we got pretty big audiences to those,
00:21:33.520 and so it looks like there's public interest in that kind of thing,
00:21:36.540 and so that would be fun to set up.
00:21:38.360 So I'm doing a preliminary investigation.
00:21:40.760 It might be interesting to see if I can find
00:21:43.380 intelligent, issues-oriented politicians, political people,
00:21:47.560 who are also capable of delivering a gripping speech
00:21:51.660 and an informative speech to include them in the mix.
00:21:56.020 So we'd like to make that a major cultural event.
00:21:59.300 And so...
00:22:00.760 And my son is getting married in the end of September,
00:22:05.520 so that's fun.
00:22:07.100 Yeah.
00:22:08.380 Okay.
00:22:08.940 So, all right, so I usually use,
00:22:12.880 I always use these opportunities to lecture
00:22:15.840 to develop my ideas further.
00:22:20.440 And so I'm going to try to do that again tonight.
00:22:23.400 I want to concentrate on two rules.
00:22:25.020 I'm going to concentrate on rule 10,
00:22:27.220 which is be precise in your speech,
00:22:29.280 and rule 1, which is stand up straight with your shoulders back.
00:22:32.440 And I'm going to try to weave them together a little bit.
00:22:34.560 And I'm going to use a theme,
00:22:37.540 because I usually sit...
00:22:39.360 Before I come out and do a lecture,
00:22:41.620 I sit in the green room, in the backstage,
00:22:44.820 and think, okay, there's some problem I'm addressing.
00:22:48.080 And I'm always working on some set of problems.
00:22:49.960 I'm always thinking about some set of problems.
00:22:51.820 So they're active in my mind.
00:22:52.860 It's like, what's the problem that I'm trying to address tonight?
00:22:56.620 What should I hit?
00:22:57.640 It's like an essay topic,
00:22:59.000 because if you're writing an essay,
00:23:00.120 this is a good thing to know if you have to write something,
00:23:02.280 is you should have a problem,
00:23:03.700 because what are you doing writing if you don't have a problem to solve?
00:23:06.960 It's the same if you're engaged in anything creative.
00:23:09.320 If you're not trying to solve a problem,
00:23:11.040 you're not engaged in anything creative.
00:23:12.660 It's more like imitation of creativity,
00:23:14.440 or something like that.
00:23:15.560 So I thought what I would talk about today
00:23:19.640 is something like aim,
00:23:21.820 and the idea of aim.
00:23:23.820 And so I'm going to bounce around that idea,
00:23:26.140 and associate it with the idea of precision in speech,
00:23:29.020 and also the idea of hierarchy,
00:23:30.360 which is what's developed in Rule 1,
00:23:32.800 because I've been thinking a lot about hierarchies.
00:23:35.620 And I think that's partly because of all the chapters in my book,
00:23:39.540 the one that's attracted the most criticism,
00:23:42.480 strangely enough, as far as I'm concerned,
00:23:44.560 was Chapter 1,
00:23:45.520 which is the chapter that features lobsters.
00:23:47.540 Now I think the reason for that is
00:23:49.120 that the people who are particularly critical of what I'm doing
00:23:51.980 can't read more than one chapter of a book,
00:23:54.900 or at least my book.
00:23:56.120 So they get stuck there,
00:23:58.040 and they misinterpret it.
00:24:00.680 But maybe that's mean,
00:24:02.380 and I hope it is.
00:24:05.660 But it's been useful,
00:24:09.520 because it's made me think more about it,
00:24:11.560 and to make the arguments more clear.
00:24:14.020 Because I've been trying to figure out
00:24:15.440 exactly what a hierarchy is.
00:24:19.360 And people said,
00:24:20.500 well, I think it was Kathy Newman who said,
00:24:22.360 so you want to organize human society
00:24:24.160 along the lines of lobsters.
00:24:26.280 It's like,
00:24:26.680 can you already think of a stupider question than that?
00:24:29.500 You know, I mean,
00:24:30.320 I don't even know what to think about a question like that.
00:24:33.220 It's like, yeah, that's exactly what I thought.
00:24:34.880 If we can't manage lobsters,
00:24:36.240 maybe we can hit like the level of spiders,
00:24:38.320 or something like that.
00:24:39.900 So,
00:24:40.920 what I was trying to do was to point out,
00:24:42.860 this is something very, very important.
00:24:44.340 I was trying to point out that
00:24:45.520 most creatures,
00:24:48.160 who have to interact socially,
00:24:49.840 regardless of their level of biological complexity,
00:24:53.180 so across the entire biological landscape,
00:24:55.720 organize themselves into hierarchies.
00:24:59.040 Okay, so,
00:24:59.760 now you might say,
00:25:00.560 well, that doesn't mean that people should
00:25:02.960 organize themselves into hierarchies.
00:25:05.000 And that's actually true,
00:25:06.120 because just because something is,
00:25:08.240 doesn't mean it should be.
00:25:10.020 Fair enough.
00:25:11.940 That's not the point, though.
00:25:13.180 The broader point is,
00:25:15.520 if social animals,
00:25:17.200 all the way up from glorified insects
00:25:19.180 to human beings,
00:25:20.860 organize themselves into hierarchies,
00:25:23.100 or at least that's a very common form of organization,
00:25:25.560 you can't blame the existence of hierarchies
00:25:28.680 on Western culture or capitalism.
00:25:31.200 And that's a big deal, right?
00:25:33.060 That's a,
00:25:33.940 so,
00:25:34.520 you can still,
00:25:36.840 you can still take the leftist stance,
00:25:38.720 and you can say,
00:25:39.820 well, yeah,
00:25:40.260 you can't blame hierarchies
00:25:42.380 on Western culture or capitalism,
00:25:43.880 but you can still be concerned
00:25:45.320 with their negative consequences.
00:25:47.060 It's like,
00:25:47.340 yeah, yeah,
00:25:47.760 fair enough.
00:25:48.200 Absolutely.
00:25:49.260 But if you're really concerned
00:25:50.360 with their negative consequences,
00:25:51.800 you might want to get the causal pathway
00:25:53.960 to their development correct,
00:25:56.620 right?
00:25:57.020 And not misattribute the cause.
00:25:59.100 Because,
00:26:00.020 generally,
00:26:01.160 not always,
00:26:01.740 but if you're trying to solve a problem
00:26:03.520 and you misattribute the cause of the problem,
00:26:06.260 then your solution isn't going to work.
00:26:08.260 Sometimes you get lucky
00:26:09.240 and you solve the problem
00:26:10.700 in some manner
00:26:11.500 that has no relationship whatsoever
00:26:13.280 to the cause of the problem.
00:26:15.120 You know,
00:26:15.280 that's like taking aspirin
00:26:16.320 for a headache,
00:26:17.080 say,
00:26:17.320 but most of the time
00:26:18.340 you better get your causal analysis right.
00:26:20.560 And it seems to me
00:26:21.480 that if you're on the side
00:26:22.580 of the dispossessed,
00:26:23.600 which is what the radical leftist
00:26:24.920 claimed to be,
00:26:25.900 that you should be really concerned
00:26:27.220 with the nature of hierarchies
00:26:28.420 in a way that's much deeper
00:26:29.560 than some shallow criticism
00:26:30.820 of Western society
00:26:31.860 and capitalism.
00:26:32.900 You might have to go way below that
00:26:34.100 and say,
00:26:34.440 look,
00:26:35.080 the hierarchical structure
00:26:36.820 is built,
00:26:37.580 in some sense,
00:26:38.320 built into the structure
00:26:39.220 of social reality itself.
00:26:40.680 It has negative consequences
00:26:42.500 which involve,
00:26:43.920 you know,
00:26:44.340 the,
00:26:44.660 what would you call
00:26:45.480 the clustering of resources
00:26:48.300 at the top
00:26:49.000 and the relative deprivation
00:26:51.100 of people at the bottom.
00:26:52.320 It's an inevitable consequence
00:26:53.680 of the construction of a hierarchy
00:26:54.980 and we have to deal with that,
00:26:56.500 but that makes it a deeper problem
00:26:58.460 than one that's merely associated
00:26:59.860 with capitalism.
00:27:00.780 And so if you care about
00:27:01.660 the dispossessed,
00:27:02.400 then you'd think you'd go
00:27:03.240 deeper down into the problem
00:27:04.840 and try to figure out
00:27:05.440 exactly what's going on.
00:27:07.420 So,
00:27:08.040 so we'll talk about that
00:27:09.960 a little bit,
00:27:10.740 a little bit as well.
00:27:12.040 Okay,
00:27:12.340 so back to the idea of aim.
00:27:14.160 So I'm going to wander around
00:27:15.340 a little bit
00:27:15.740 because I'm trying to put ideas together,
00:27:17.340 a whole bunch of ideas.
00:27:19.260 So here's the first one.
00:27:21.360 So,
00:27:21.980 I was thinking about,
00:27:24.040 I'll tell you a story.
00:27:25.140 So,
00:27:25.700 my father happens to own
00:27:27.620 about 300 single-shot rifles.
00:27:30.680 So he lives in northern Alberta
00:27:32.180 and it's a hunting culture,
00:27:34.260 at least his part of the subculture
00:27:36.380 is a hunting culture
00:27:37.240 and he's a gunsmith
00:27:39.280 and he knows everything
00:27:40.360 you could possibly know
00:27:41.280 about single-shot rifles
00:27:42.420 and,
00:27:43.300 and that's always interested me.
00:27:46.340 Not the rifles themselves
00:27:47.720 because it wasn't a passion
00:27:48.980 that I shared,
00:27:50.320 but the fact that he was
00:27:51.600 so interested in them
00:27:52.540 was really interesting to me.
00:27:54.240 I guess that's because
00:27:54.960 I'm more psychologically minded.
00:27:56.380 It's like,
00:27:56.540 what is it about this guy
00:27:57.460 and his guns?
00:27:58.320 Like,
00:27:58.920 why is he so interested in them?
00:28:00.660 And I thought about that
00:28:01.640 for a very long time
00:28:03.340 because I've tried
00:28:03.940 to understand my father.
00:28:05.120 He's quite a respectable person
00:28:06.720 as far as I'm concerned
00:28:07.640 and he's a tough guy
00:28:08.680 and he's smart
00:28:09.280 and he was very good to me
00:28:10.440 when I was a kid
00:28:11.480 and he taught me a lot of things.
00:28:12.780 So,
00:28:13.360 I have a lot of respect for him
00:28:14.560 even though he's a lot different than me.
00:28:16.680 And so,
00:28:17.960 I thought about this
00:28:19.140 and I had an insight
00:28:20.120 a couple of years ago.
00:28:20.980 I thought,
00:28:22.720 he told me that the reason
00:28:23.840 he had single-shot rifles
00:28:24.920 is because when he hunted,
00:28:26.120 he,
00:28:26.540 it was two things.
00:28:27.500 He,
00:28:27.700 he wanted to give the animal a chance
00:28:29.460 so that was the first thing
00:28:31.080 and he wanted to make sure
00:28:32.780 that he aimed properly.
00:28:35.360 Okay,
00:28:35.580 so that was interesting
00:28:36.400 and he was also a target shooter.
00:28:38.500 He's still alive
00:28:39.240 but he's getting a little too old
00:28:40.520 to be a good,
00:28:41.160 a good,
00:28:41.980 a good shot now.
00:28:44.340 It's a little too shaky
00:28:45.160 and his eyesight
00:28:45.860 isn't as good as it could be
00:28:46.900 although I still think
00:28:47.600 it's better than mine.
00:28:48.840 He happens to be colorblind
00:28:49.860 and colorblind people
00:28:50.760 have better eyesight
00:28:51.520 for,
00:28:51.880 for hunting,
00:28:52.560 by the way.
00:28:53.500 I don't know if you know that
00:28:54.660 but they do.
00:28:55.340 They can see animals in the bush
00:28:56.500 better than people
00:28:57.180 with normal color vision.
00:28:58.880 So,
00:28:59.240 anyways,
00:29:01.300 I thought about it
00:29:02.500 for a long time
00:29:03.060 and I thought,
00:29:05.040 I see what he's trying to do.
00:29:06.280 He's trying to hit the target.
00:29:08.580 It's,
00:29:08.720 it's,
00:29:09.000 it's a,
00:29:09.580 it's symbolic.
00:29:10.780 It's symbolic
00:29:11.320 because what you want to do in life
00:29:12.640 is you want to hit the target
00:29:14.160 and use a single-shot rifle
00:29:15.980 you only get one shot
00:29:16.860 so you have to be very,
00:29:17.720 very careful.
00:29:18.220 You have to be very,
00:29:18.820 very precise in your aim.
00:29:20.880 You have to be very skilled
00:29:21.900 and so he's acting out
00:29:23.840 in a technological way
00:29:25.060 this central idea
00:29:25.960 which is pick a damn target,
00:29:28.200 aim at the center,
00:29:29.340 make yourself skilled
00:29:30.240 and hit it.
00:29:31.980 So,
00:29:32.480 I thought,
00:29:32.780 oh,
00:29:32.940 that's a pretty good realization.
00:29:34.480 I wonder if that's the case.
00:29:35.780 So,
00:29:35.960 then I went and talked to him.
00:29:36.740 I said,
00:29:37.000 I think I figured out
00:29:37.780 why you like single-shot rifles so much
00:29:39.880 and so I explained that to him
00:29:41.040 and he said,
00:29:41.360 yeah,
00:29:41.460 I think that's right.
00:29:42.720 I thought,
00:29:43.120 that's good,
00:29:43.540 that's good.
00:29:43.980 So,
00:29:44.080 I was happy about that.
00:29:45.760 So,
00:29:45.960 so,
00:29:48.080 well,
00:29:49.320 and I've become,
00:29:50.220 I've become very interested
00:29:51.340 in the idea of aim.
00:29:53.020 So,
00:29:53.320 you think about the metaphors we use,
00:29:54.860 you know,
00:29:55.020 people will say,
00:29:55.680 what's the point?
00:29:58.280 You know,
00:29:58.640 or what's your aim?
00:30:00.560 And then you think,
00:30:01.500 so,
00:30:01.720 so that's interesting
00:30:02.760 because we know
00:30:03.480 that there's an association
00:30:04.360 between having a point
00:30:05.780 and making a point
00:30:07.580 and having an aim
00:30:08.960 and we know
00:30:09.540 there's an association
00:30:10.300 between that
00:30:10.920 and the idea of meaning itself,
00:30:12.420 right?
00:30:12.680 Because when you say,
00:30:14.000 what's the point,
00:30:15.300 one of the things
00:30:16.200 that you're also saying
00:30:17.160 is,
00:30:17.420 well,
00:30:17.540 what does that mean?
00:30:18.980 Life has no point.
00:30:20.780 It's the same thing
00:30:21.500 as saying that life
00:30:22.220 is meaningless
00:30:22.780 and for something
00:30:23.640 to have a point
00:30:24.400 then all of a sudden
00:30:25.040 it has meaning.
00:30:26.000 So,
00:30:26.200 to have a point
00:30:26.880 is to have meaning.
00:30:28.660 So,
00:30:28.960 that's very interesting
00:30:30.160 and that's associated
00:30:31.560 with this idea
00:30:32.180 of being precise
00:30:32.860 in your speech
00:30:33.400 and,
00:30:33.880 you know,
00:30:34.100 and neurologically
00:30:34.860 this is really true.
00:30:36.340 It's really fundamentally true
00:30:37.800 and we know this
00:30:38.520 because we know a fair bit
00:30:39.940 about how your brain
00:30:40.700 is actually organized
00:30:41.620 in relationship
00:30:42.340 to the linkage
00:30:43.860 between perception
00:30:45.020 and motivation
00:30:46.120 and emotion.
00:30:47.800 So,
00:30:48.040 motivation,
00:30:49.120 these are rough categories
00:30:50.400 but motivation
00:30:51.180 is basically,
00:30:53.560 motivation is the consequence
00:30:55.540 of the action
00:30:56.220 of instinctive systems
00:30:57.260 that set your aim.
00:30:59.340 So,
00:30:59.640 for example,
00:31:00.080 if you're hungry,
00:31:00.700 well,
00:31:00.820 then you aim at food
00:31:01.520 and if you're thirsty,
00:31:02.360 well,
00:31:02.460 then you aim at,
00:31:03.420 then you aim at,
00:31:04.720 at water
00:31:05.860 and,
00:31:06.600 and the way that seems
00:31:07.640 to work is like
00:31:08.480 if you get hungry,
00:31:10.200 maybe you're working
00:31:11.040 on something
00:31:11.620 that has nothing
00:31:12.400 to do with food
00:31:12.940 and you start
00:31:13.340 to get hungry,
00:31:14.120 what happens is
00:31:14.940 the hypothalamus,
00:31:16.360 which is the fundamental
00:31:17.560 brain area
00:31:18.420 that's responsible
00:31:19.500 for primordial motivation.
00:31:20.860 There's a couple of them
00:31:21.500 but it's,
00:31:21.880 it's a major,
00:31:22.580 it's a major brain center.
00:31:23.940 Very,
00:31:24.220 very small,
00:31:24.740 very deep in your brain,
00:31:25.880 very,
00:31:26.220 very ancient.
00:31:28.240 It will start
00:31:29.180 gripping
00:31:31.280 the parts of your brain
00:31:32.940 that produce fantasies
00:31:34.100 and so what happens is
00:31:35.800 you get directly hungry,
00:31:38.000 there's some physiological activation
00:31:39.400 but your brain starts
00:31:40.720 to produce fantasies of food.
00:31:42.620 It's like little movies
00:31:43.440 of what you might do.
00:31:44.900 You know,
00:31:45.120 so that would be a good thing
00:31:46.040 to go into the kitchen
00:31:46.880 and have a peanut butter sandwich.
00:31:47.980 That idea will kind of
00:31:48.720 pop up into your mind
00:31:49.540 and it's a simulation
00:31:50.460 of the action
00:31:51.440 that you might undertake
00:31:52.800 if you were going to quell
00:31:53.960 that motivated state,
00:31:55.480 right?
00:31:55.680 And it's interesting
00:31:56.320 because it's not a direct,
00:31:57.560 it's not directly deterministic.
00:31:59.660 It's not like you're sitting
00:32:00.780 in front of your computer
00:32:01.620 doing whatever you're doing
00:32:03.120 on your computer
00:32:03.720 and all of a sudden
00:32:05.640 you're a zombie,
00:32:07.780 a determinist zombie
00:32:09.080 that's gripped
00:32:09.620 by your hypothalamus
00:32:10.640 and you go to the kitchen
00:32:11.900 and like an automaton
00:32:14.700 generate a peanut butter sandwich.
00:32:16.520 It isn't like that at all.
00:32:17.780 What happens is that
00:32:18.660 the hypothalamus
00:32:19.680 suggests a new goal
00:32:21.860 and the goal
00:32:23.260 is associated
00:32:23.900 with a set of images
00:32:24.820 and the images
00:32:25.420 are rough plans
00:32:26.440 about how you might
00:32:27.160 undertake that goal
00:32:28.040 and maybe a variety
00:32:29.220 of those plans
00:32:29.960 might emerge.
00:32:31.480 You see the same thing
00:32:32.220 when you go to a restaurant,
00:32:33.380 you know,
00:32:33.540 and you think,
00:32:33.960 well,
00:32:34.080 what do I want to eat?
00:32:35.560 Which is a form of hunting
00:32:36.720 in some sense,
00:32:37.520 although a pretty privileged
00:32:38.420 form of hunting.
00:32:39.240 It's like,
00:32:39.880 well,
00:32:40.700 maybe I feel like this
00:32:42.280 or maybe I feel like this
00:32:43.340 or maybe I feel like this.
00:32:44.200 Little vignettes
00:32:44.920 will run through your head
00:32:45.920 and they're a reflection
00:32:47.280 of the hypothalamic systems
00:32:49.240 which are way down
00:32:49.920 in the base of your brain
00:32:50.920 interacting with the visual cortex
00:32:53.780 and allowing you to envision
00:32:55.120 a set of possible futures
00:32:56.700 which you can then
00:32:57.900 more or less choose to enact.
00:33:00.340 Now,
00:33:00.780 obviously,
00:33:01.500 as you become
00:33:02.140 more and more food deprived,
00:33:04.360 the grip of your behavior
00:33:06.360 and your imagery
00:33:07.360 by the systems
00:33:09.020 that mediate hunger
00:33:09.680 becomes more and more intense,
00:33:11.080 right?
00:33:11.300 So maybe if you're
00:33:12.500 deprived of food
00:33:13.400 for a week,
00:33:14.620 pretty much all you'll do
00:33:15.560 is dream at night,
00:33:16.700 all you'll do
00:33:17.180 is dream about food
00:33:18.200 and it's really going to
00:33:19.240 occupy your imagination
00:33:20.340 during the day
00:33:21.140 and as you get closer
00:33:22.700 and closer to starvation
00:33:23.820 then,
00:33:24.580 you know,
00:33:24.860 your attention
00:33:25.580 is going to be focused
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00:36:20.820 There's some very interesting
00:36:22.200 observations about that
00:36:23.540 and behavioral morality
00:36:25.520 in accounts of people starving
00:36:27.080 in books like
00:36:28.280 Solzhenitsyn's Gulag Archipelago
00:36:29.960 which talked about
00:36:31.060 how people could still
00:36:32.160 conduct themselves
00:36:32.900 under conditions
00:36:33.940 of extreme privation.
00:36:35.420 How much difference
00:36:36.260 there was in human moral choice
00:36:37.720 even under conditions
00:36:39.420 of absolute privation.
00:36:41.060 So that's very interesting
00:36:41.920 to know about.
00:36:43.200 So anyways,
00:36:44.700 what the hypothalamic systems do
00:36:46.980 and there's some other ones.
00:36:47.820 There's one called
00:36:48.320 the periaqueductal gray
00:36:49.460 that seems to
00:36:50.260 mediate pain responses
00:36:51.860 which is another form
00:36:52.900 of motivation.
00:36:53.920 It's usually
00:36:54.240 get away
00:36:55.340 is the motivation
00:36:56.200 with regards to pain
00:36:57.740 or stay still
00:36:59.060 so you don't injure yourself
00:37:00.380 more.
00:37:02.500 And fear.
00:37:03.420 Fear is more of an emotion
00:37:04.560 though.
00:37:05.260 You can't exactly
00:37:06.560 distinguish between
00:37:07.480 emotions and motivations
00:37:08.580 because they're not
00:37:09.300 real categories.
00:37:10.640 They overlap
00:37:11.080 and there isn't a separate
00:37:12.320 brain system
00:37:13.240 for emotion
00:37:13.860 and one for motivation.
00:37:15.680 Right?
00:37:15.760 They're just sort of
00:37:16.980 rough category terms
00:37:20.200 and they don't bear
00:37:21.040 a one-to-one relationship
00:37:21.960 with the underlying biology
00:37:23.220 but they're still useful
00:37:24.340 enough to discuss.
00:37:25.540 So imagine that
00:37:26.280 your hypothalamus
00:37:27.400 sets your fundamental aim
00:37:28.760 whatever that happens
00:37:30.460 to be
00:37:30.680 the basic aims
00:37:31.800 and then
00:37:32.880 as you're
00:37:34.060 and then that focuses
00:37:35.440 your perception.
00:37:36.840 So for example
00:37:37.480 if you're hungry
00:37:38.220 and you
00:37:39.260 walk out of your office
00:37:40.700 and you go into your kitchen
00:37:41.700 then what's going to happen
00:37:43.340 is the world's going
00:37:44.180 to set itself up
00:37:45.220 around your aim
00:37:46.040 which is really
00:37:46.880 this is a fascinating
00:37:48.080 thing to know
00:37:48.780 because it also
00:37:49.900 sheds light
00:37:51.140 on the relationship
00:37:51.800 between ethics
00:37:52.600 and perception
00:37:53.380 in a fundamental way.
00:37:54.960 It's really
00:37:55.360 I think it's
00:37:56.040 it's a miraculous thing
00:37:57.280 to know in some sense.
00:37:58.760 So
00:37:58.940 anyways
00:38:00.080 if you're hungry
00:38:00.740 and you go into the kitchen
00:38:01.620 then what you tend to see
00:38:03.700 are all those things
00:38:04.920 that are relevant
00:38:05.660 to you acquiring food
00:38:07.100 and you don't see
00:38:08.260 anything else
00:38:08.860 and I mean that literally
00:38:10.180 you think yeah yeah
00:38:11.020 you see the other things
00:38:11.940 it's like no you don't
00:38:12.800 you think you see them
00:38:14.140 but if you're tested
00:38:14.960 you don't see them at all
00:38:15.880 because you're way blinder
00:38:17.060 than you think
00:38:17.800 and when you look at the world
00:38:19.360 you see way less of it
00:38:20.680 than you imagine
00:38:21.520 that you see
00:38:22.180 and what you tend to see
00:38:23.840 are things that are useful
00:38:25.680 while you're pursuing
00:38:27.120 your goal
00:38:27.960 and things that might
00:38:29.500 get in the way
00:38:30.100 and you don't even
00:38:31.100 necessarily see things
00:38:32.260 that might get in the way
00:38:33.060 until they get in the way
00:38:34.700 and so
00:38:35.860 so the world
00:38:36.920 the world constructs itself
00:38:39.320 in terms of how you
00:38:40.280 interact with it
00:38:41.080 in relationship
00:38:42.040 to your goals
00:38:42.920 and that's a
00:38:44.080 you think about that
00:38:45.220 for a minute
00:38:45.520 that means
00:38:46.200 oh well that's so interesting
00:38:47.400 if the world reveals it to you
00:38:49.000 reveals itself to you
00:38:50.340 as an unbearable place
00:38:51.880 there's some possibility
00:38:53.920 that the reason for that
00:38:55.020 is that your goal structure
00:38:55.980 is warped
00:38:56.620 right
00:38:57.820 because
00:38:58.340 because it's definitely
00:39:00.220 the case
00:39:00.940 that the world
00:39:01.460 manifests itself
00:39:02.420 even as objects
00:39:03.660 as tools
00:39:04.260 and impediments
00:39:05.020 but also as
00:39:06.000 things that have
00:39:07.020 emotional tagging
00:39:08.120 in relationship
00:39:09.060 to what your goals are
00:39:10.180 now if you're thinking
00:39:11.100 about just a simple goal
00:39:12.760 so to speak
00:39:14.160 like hunger or thirst
00:39:15.440 well that's not so amazing
00:39:16.700 a conclusion
00:39:17.720 you know
00:39:18.220 but when you're thinking
00:39:19.220 about higher order goals
00:39:20.460 which is
00:39:20.920 and higher order goals
00:39:22.000 are integrally associated
00:39:23.280 with ethics
00:39:23.900 because ethics is
00:39:24.940 well your ethical behavior
00:39:26.640 is a consequence
00:39:27.400 of what it is
00:39:28.260 that you choose
00:39:29.100 to pursue
00:39:29.840 in your life
00:39:30.960 well there's an implication
00:39:32.160 for that
00:39:32.600 which is that
00:39:33.140 if the world isn't unfolding
00:39:34.700 in front of you
00:39:35.380 in a manner that you find
00:39:36.420 acceptable
00:39:36.880 it's certainly possible
00:39:37.840 that what you're aiming at
00:39:38.660 is wrong
00:39:39.160 and that's
00:39:41.180 that's a great thing
00:39:42.580 to realize
00:39:43.120 because
00:39:43.520 well if things aren't
00:39:44.980 going for you
00:39:45.600 the way that you want
00:39:46.560 them to
00:39:46.920 then you kind of
00:39:47.820 have two options
00:39:48.600 one is
00:39:49.140 man the world's
00:39:50.160 a horrible place
00:39:51.000 and that can turn you
00:39:52.520 against the world
00:39:53.300 and I wouldn't
00:39:54.100 recommend that
00:39:54.880 partly because you
00:39:55.720 make the world
00:39:56.220 a worse place then
00:39:57.080 but partly because
00:39:57.860 if it's you against
00:39:58.760 the world buddy
00:39:59.480 you're outmatched
00:40:01.980 right
00:40:03.040 if it's you against
00:40:03.860 reality
00:40:04.340 it's going to be
00:40:04.900 one sad battle
00:40:06.060 and you know
00:40:06.920 you might be able
00:40:07.440 to put up a pretty
00:40:08.140 decent scrap
00:40:08.840 but in the final
00:40:09.480 analysis
00:40:09.840 you're going to get
00:40:10.400 absolutely flattened
00:40:12.460 and so if reality
00:40:13.280 itself is cursed
00:40:14.460 and you're destined
00:40:15.460 to be miserable
00:40:16.200 well then
00:40:16.940 too bad for you
00:40:17.780 but if there's
00:40:18.520 some possibility
00:40:19.340 that the way
00:40:20.740 you're looking
00:40:21.460 at things
00:40:22.040 is making you
00:40:22.860 suffer unduly
00:40:23.940 what that might mean
00:40:25.120 is that you could
00:40:25.720 re-evaluate
00:40:26.660 your ethical structure
00:40:27.740 and that would
00:40:28.240 transform the way
00:40:29.020 the world manifests
00:40:29.840 itself to you
00:40:30.600 now Nietzsche
00:40:31.640 kind of knew that
00:40:32.480 right
00:40:32.720 Nietzsche was the
00:40:33.540 philosopher who
00:40:34.100 announced the death
00:40:34.780 of God
00:40:35.160 and he thought
00:40:35.800 that what would
00:40:36.260 have to happen
00:40:36.860 to human beings
00:40:37.600 is that we would
00:40:38.540 have to generate
00:40:39.300 our own values
00:40:40.280 a new set
00:40:41.160 of values
00:40:41.660 and that
00:40:42.460 that would
00:40:44.500 enable us
00:40:45.140 to transcend
00:40:46.000 this catastrophic
00:40:48.620 the catastrophic
00:40:50.040 dissolution
00:40:50.580 of our previous
00:40:51.280 belief system
00:40:52.040 now
00:40:52.780 I don't think
00:40:55.520 that Nietzsche's
00:40:56.460 solution
00:40:58.520 is actually
00:40:59.180 practically
00:41:00.240 possible
00:41:01.120 or implementable
00:41:02.100 for reasons
00:41:02.860 I may get into
00:41:03.600 later
00:41:03.920 I think
00:41:04.920 I think
00:41:04.940 the fundamental
00:41:05.620 error
00:41:05.980 is that
00:41:06.260 we actually
00:41:06.700 can't create
00:41:07.320 our own values
00:41:08.060 because we're
00:41:08.720 not our own
00:41:09.420 slaves
00:41:10.080 we can't
00:41:10.840 actually tell
00:41:11.820 ourselves
00:41:12.360 what to do
00:41:13.300 we might be
00:41:14.200 able to cooperate
00:41:14.980 with ourselves
00:41:15.820 to move in a
00:41:16.540 certain direction
00:41:17.160 but I don't
00:41:17.860 think you can
00:41:18.400 tyrannize yourself
00:41:19.460 without rebelling
00:41:20.300 any more than you
00:41:20.960 can tyrannize
00:41:21.580 someone else
00:41:22.180 and you have
00:41:23.060 to work with
00:41:24.120 your a priori
00:41:25.240 value systems
00:41:26.040 rather than
00:41:26.860 impose something
00:41:27.840 top down
00:41:28.620 and this is
00:41:29.580 really I think
00:41:30.220 the psychoanalytic
00:41:31.280 contribution
00:41:31.920 to the Nietzschean
00:41:33.700 cure for
00:41:34.840 nihilism
00:41:35.580 it's like
00:41:36.340 so Nietzsche
00:41:36.760 thought
00:41:37.020 well we should
00:41:37.480 generate our
00:41:37.960 own values
00:41:38.540 and Carl Jung
00:41:39.440 came along
00:41:39.900 and said
00:41:40.180 yeah but
00:41:40.520 wait a second
00:41:41.100 we can't
00:41:42.160 because we
00:41:42.860 actually have
00:41:43.400 a biological
00:41:44.100 nature
00:41:44.580 that's expressed
00:41:45.280 in these
00:41:45.640 archetypal
00:41:46.200 structures
00:41:46.620 in these
00:41:47.060 great stories
00:41:47.700 we have
00:41:48.120 and in order
00:41:48.840 for us
00:41:49.280 to develop
00:41:50.460 valuation systems
00:41:52.020 that are
00:41:52.420 functional
00:41:52.980 both psychologically
00:41:53.800 and practically
00:41:54.540 we have to
00:41:55.460 take our
00:41:55.940 own nature
00:41:56.660 into account
00:41:57.560 and I also
00:41:58.580 think that's
00:41:59.040 a good
00:41:59.440 antidote to
00:42:00.320 utopian thinking
00:42:01.260 because one of
00:42:02.140 the problems
00:42:02.500 with utopians
00:42:03.300 especially the
00:42:03.920 rationalist types
00:42:04.680 is that they
00:42:05.520 tend to think
00:42:06.040 that human beings
00:42:06.740 can be remade
00:42:08.720 in whatever
00:42:09.860 image the
00:42:10.700 rationalist utopians
00:42:11.980 happen to have
00:42:12.820 of the
00:42:13.360 desirable
00:42:14.220 and optimal
00:42:15.360 human being
00:42:16.100 and that just
00:42:17.180 doesn't work
00:42:17.840 it's like
00:42:18.460 because we
00:42:19.480 have a nature
00:42:19.980 despite what
00:42:21.640 the social
00:42:22.020 constructionists
00:42:22.740 say
00:42:22.980 and so we
00:42:24.000 at least
00:42:24.320 even though
00:42:24.860 like the nature
00:42:25.860 doesn't determine
00:42:26.700 our behavior
00:42:27.640 but it sets
00:42:28.920 parameters for
00:42:29.860 who and what
00:42:30.340 we are
00:42:30.700 and we have
00:42:31.120 to cooperate
00:42:31.620 with that
00:42:32.000 just like
00:42:32.460 if you're
00:42:32.980 trying to
00:42:33.240 work with
00:42:33.560 someone else
00:42:34.140 child, wife,
00:42:35.180 husband, co-workers
00:42:36.420 doesn't matter
00:42:37.340 you have to
00:42:38.440 cooperate with
00:42:39.320 them in order
00:42:39.740 to build
00:42:40.340 a structure
00:42:41.340 of perception
00:42:42.020 and behavior
00:42:42.500 that you can
00:42:42.980 jointly inhabit
00:42:43.660 and I think
00:42:44.200 there's no
00:42:44.560 difference between
00:42:45.160 that and doing
00:42:45.740 that with yourself
00:42:48.160 one of the things
00:42:49.220 Jung did
00:42:49.700 and the psychoanalyst
00:42:50.500 as well
00:42:50.960 when he was
00:42:51.380 trying to
00:42:51.760 restructure
00:42:52.420 people's value
00:42:53.280 systems
00:42:53.720 he would consult
00:42:54.680 their dreams
00:42:55.480 because
00:42:56.640 this is a very
00:42:57.900 interesting issue
00:42:59.320 and something
00:42:59.760 I'm writing
00:43:00.180 about a lot
00:43:00.700 in my second
00:43:01.260 book
00:43:01.500 I'm writing
00:43:02.560 a chapter
00:43:02.940 called
00:43:03.300 make one
00:43:03.860 room
00:43:04.300 in your house
00:43:05.360 as beautiful
00:43:05.780 as possible
00:43:06.460 it's sort
00:43:07.840 of an extension
00:43:08.380 of clean
00:43:08.860 your room
00:43:09.340 or put your
00:43:10.020 house in
00:43:10.320 perfect order
00:43:10.900 because
00:43:12.180 what artists
00:43:13.960 do in some
00:43:14.800 sense
00:43:15.100 so they're
00:43:15.480 obsessed
00:43:18.540 or they should
00:43:19.240 be obsessed
00:43:19.720 with beauty
00:43:20.340 and beauty
00:43:21.460 is a vision
00:43:22.020 of the way
00:43:22.460 that things
00:43:22.900 could be
00:43:23.480 and it's
00:43:24.180 an act
00:43:25.400 of artistic
00:43:25.960 imagination
00:43:26.560 and it's
00:43:27.200 associated
00:43:27.700 with dreaming
00:43:28.300 and so
00:43:29.160 partly
00:43:29.500 what you
00:43:30.100 do
00:43:30.280 when you
00:43:30.580 put the
00:43:30.880 world
00:43:31.080 together
00:43:31.440 whether you
00:43:31.900 know it
00:43:32.140 or not
00:43:32.460 is
00:43:32.660 you
00:43:33.320 encounter
00:43:33.820 the things
00:43:34.400 that you
00:43:34.680 don't understand
00:43:35.540 first through
00:43:36.420 your dreams
00:43:37.320 that's
00:43:38.440 the creative
00:43:40.420 part of you
00:43:40.980 that generates
00:43:41.840 images of what
00:43:42.860 could be
00:43:43.380 and Jung's
00:43:44.400 attempt to
00:43:44.900 analyze dreams
00:43:45.640 was an attempt
00:43:46.360 to take that
00:43:47.200 dreamlike
00:43:48.540 foray into
00:43:50.100 the unknown
00:43:50.660 and to make
00:43:51.140 it explicit
00:43:51.680 so that people
00:43:52.340 could incorporate
00:43:53.240 the most
00:43:55.820 exploratory parts
00:43:57.220 of their
00:43:57.580 creative
00:43:58.160 imagination
00:43:58.700 into their
00:43:59.400 lives
00:43:59.760 and so he
00:44:00.440 was consulting
00:44:01.420 with their
00:44:02.080 with the
00:44:02.760 imagistic
00:44:03.380 expression
00:44:03.920 of their
00:44:04.320 biology
00:44:04.980 to update
00:44:05.960 their systems
00:44:06.560 of ethics
00:44:07.100 that's the
00:44:07.920 right way
00:44:08.300 of thinking
00:44:08.680 about it
00:44:09.200 you know
00:44:10.000 and Jung
00:44:10.600 is often
00:44:11.040 criticized
00:44:11.420 for being
00:44:12.000 unscientific
00:44:12.680 but I
00:44:13.340 knew some
00:44:13.900 of the
00:44:14.160 greatest
00:44:14.560 neuroscientists
00:44:16.180 of the
00:44:16.560 time
00:44:16.960 you know
00:44:17.300 one of
00:44:17.620 them in
00:44:17.900 particular
00:44:18.320 Jock
00:44:18.740 Panksepp
00:44:19.240 who died
00:44:19.660 just a
00:44:20.020 year
00:44:20.180 two years
00:44:20.940 ago
00:44:21.100 something like
00:44:21.580 that
00:44:21.760 he wrote
00:44:22.380 a book
00:44:22.700 that's
00:44:22.960 on my
00:44:23.240 book
00:44:23.480 list
00:44:23.720 which is
00:44:24.040 on my
00:44:24.320 website
00:44:24.620 called
00:44:24.940 Affective
00:44:25.420 Neuroscience
00:44:26.160 it's a
00:44:26.720 great book
00:44:27.320 man
00:44:27.560 it's
00:44:27.860 wonderful
00:44:28.920 one of
00:44:29.320 the real
00:44:30.180 classics
00:44:30.720 of
00:44:31.040 well
00:44:31.680 it's
00:44:31.840 classic
00:44:32.200 of
00:44:32.380 21st
00:44:33.000 century
00:44:33.460 psychobiology
00:44:34.640 I guess
00:44:35.100 and Panksepp
00:44:36.000 Panksepp
00:44:36.700 discovered
00:44:37.160 the play
00:44:37.700 circuit
00:44:38.120 in mammals
00:44:38.740 that's a
00:44:39.440 big deal
00:44:39.900 right
00:44:40.120 discovering
00:44:40.480 a whole
00:44:41.160 neurological
00:44:42.040 circuit
00:44:42.600 that's
00:44:42.880 like
00:44:43.020 discovering
00:44:43.420 a
00:44:43.680 continent
00:44:44.080 that's
00:44:44.500 Nobel
00:44:44.800 prize
00:44:45.360 worthy
00:44:45.740 stuff
00:44:46.240 and he
00:44:46.860 discovered
00:44:47.260 the play
00:44:47.680 circuit
00:44:48.020 and discovered
00:44:48.840 that it
00:44:49.100 was a
00:44:49.400 separate
00:44:49.740 circuit
00:44:50.180 and that
00:44:51.000 it operated
00:44:51.480 across
00:44:52.960 and that
00:44:53.260 its
00:44:53.720 operation
00:44:54.260 was
00:44:54.520 associated
00:44:55.040 with
00:44:55.380 the
00:44:55.700 emergence
00:44:56.360 of
00:44:56.620 morality
00:44:57.080 those
00:44:57.540 are
00:44:57.660 big
00:44:57.920 discoveries
00:44:58.440 anyways
00:44:59.100 Panksepp
00:44:59.680 was one
00:45:00.080 of the
00:45:00.320 people
00:45:00.560 who was
00:45:00.780 very
00:45:00.980 interested
00:45:01.380 in
00:45:01.620 Jungian
00:45:01.960 archetypal
00:45:02.480 ideas
00:45:02.900 and my
00:45:03.980 experience
00:45:04.460 has been
00:45:04.860 that
00:45:05.100 the
00:45:05.580 biological
00:45:06.120 types
00:45:06.780 the
00:45:07.460 psychologists
00:45:07.980 who are
00:45:08.280 very
00:45:08.480 biologically
00:45:09.100 oriented
00:45:09.600 are very
00:45:10.620 much
00:45:11.020 appreciative
00:45:12.500 of Jung's
00:45:12.980 ideas
00:45:13.320 if they
00:45:14.100 study
00:45:14.420 emotion
00:45:14.860 and
00:45:15.120 motivation
00:45:15.600 so that's
00:45:16.540 the
00:45:16.660 instinctive
00:45:17.240 level
00:45:17.520 of
00:45:17.680 cognition
00:45:18.060 whereas
00:45:18.340 the
00:45:18.520 people
00:45:18.780 like
00:45:19.220 Sam
00:45:19.520 Harris
00:45:19.820 for
00:45:20.000 example
00:45:20.320 who
00:45:20.800 study
00:45:21.180 cortical
00:45:21.700 function
00:45:22.960 people tend
00:45:23.280 to think
00:45:23.600 of
00:45:23.720 as
00:45:23.820 the
00:45:24.000 advanced
00:45:24.440 part
00:45:24.720 of
00:45:24.820 the
00:45:24.940 brain
00:45:25.180 which
00:45:25.580 is
00:45:25.740 wrong
00:45:26.040 by
00:45:26.220 the
00:45:26.300 way
00:45:26.480 it's
00:45:27.580 not
00:45:27.740 the
00:45:27.900 advanced
00:45:28.240 part
00:45:28.480 of
00:45:28.560 the
00:45:28.640 brain
00:45:28.860 it's
00:45:29.440 the
00:45:29.560 part
00:45:29.740 of
00:45:29.820 the
00:45:29.900 brain
00:45:30.120 that
00:45:30.280 your
00:45:30.420 brain
00:45:30.680 lets
00:45:30.940 you
00:45:31.160 use
00:45:31.520 because
00:45:32.280 if
00:45:32.960 you
00:45:33.060 do
00:45:33.200 something
00:45:33.460 stupid
00:45:33.840 with
00:45:34.160 it
00:45:34.260 you
00:45:34.400 won't
00:45:34.580 die
00:45:34.840 instantly
00:45:35.340 so
00:45:36.320 the
00:45:36.920 complex
00:45:37.400 parts
00:45:37.720 of
00:45:37.880 your
00:45:38.000 brain
00:45:38.300 they
00:45:38.600 make
00:45:38.840 you
00:45:39.000 breathe
00:45:39.460 right
00:45:40.480 or
00:45:40.580 they
00:45:40.720 keep
00:45:40.920 your
00:45:41.080 heart
00:45:41.320 going
00:45:41.700 or
00:45:42.120 they
00:45:42.300 regulate
00:45:42.700 your
00:45:42.900 digestion
00:45:43.380 you
00:45:43.580 want
00:45:43.720 to
00:45:43.820 do
00:45:43.920 that
00:45:44.180 voluntarily
00:45:44.780 it's
00:45:45.300 like
00:45:45.420 we'll
00:45:45.540 turn
00:45:45.720 that
00:45:45.880 over
00:45:46.040 to
00:45:46.140 your
00:45:46.280 cortex
00:45:46.800 you
00:45:47.260 can
00:45:47.460 plan
00:45:47.820 your
00:45:48.040 digestion
00:45:48.700 now
00:45:49.300 that's
00:45:49.520 not
00:45:49.660 going
00:45:49.760 to
00:45:49.840 work
00:45:50.000 out
00:45:50.160 very
00:45:50.380 well
00:45:50.600 for
00:45:50.820 you
00:45:51.020 it's
00:45:51.640 too
00:45:51.820 calm
00:45:52.060 you
00:45:52.180 don't
00:45:52.320 even
00:45:52.480 know
00:45:52.660 how
00:45:52.820 you
00:45:53.000 walk
00:45:53.580 much
00:45:53.860 less
00:45:54.100 how
00:45:54.240 you
00:45:54.420 digest
00:45:55.100 so
00:45:56.140 so
00:45:57.420 the
00:45:57.660 emotional
00:45:58.900 neuroscientists
00:45:59.940 were very
00:46:00.380 much
00:46:00.640 interested
00:46:01.100 in
00:46:01.360 the
00:46:01.800 idea
00:46:02.120 of
00:46:02.300 archetype
00:46:02.880 because
00:46:03.120 they
00:46:03.380 know
00:46:03.720 that
00:46:04.000 our
00:46:04.600 cognitive
00:46:05.540 structures
00:46:06.380 are
00:46:06.600 nested
00:46:07.160 inside
00:46:07.600 our
00:46:07.920 biological
00:46:08.700 predispositions
00:46:09.780 and
00:46:10.460 that
00:46:10.600 there's
00:46:10.780 some
00:46:10.960 relationship
00:46:11.560 between
00:46:11.940 those
00:46:12.180 biological
00:46:12.980 predispositions
00:46:13.840 and the
00:46:14.440 way that
00:46:14.800 we
00:46:15.000 perceive
00:46:15.820 and think
00:46:16.220 about
00:46:16.400 the
00:46:16.540 world
00:46:16.700 so
00:46:17.180 that's
00:46:17.420 partly
00:46:17.660 what
00:46:17.820 I'm
00:46:17.940 trying
00:46:18.100 to
00:46:18.260 lay
00:46:18.440 out
00:46:18.640 so
00:46:18.860 if
00:46:19.240 you
00:46:19.300 go
00:46:19.420 into
00:46:19.540 the
00:46:19.680 kitchen
00:46:19.960 for
00:46:20.180 example
00:46:20.520 and
00:46:20.680 you're
00:46:20.820 hungry
00:46:21.100 what
00:46:21.560 you
00:46:21.720 see
00:46:21.940 are
00:46:22.140 things
00:46:22.560 relevant
00:46:23.100 to
00:46:23.460 the
00:46:23.700 food
00:46:24.000 making
00:46:24.380 operation
00:46:24.980 and
00:46:25.580 that's
00:46:25.860 actually
00:46:26.120 how
00:46:26.260 your
00:46:26.460 perceptions
00:46:26.920 work
00:46:27.460 so
00:46:27.960 you
00:46:28.040 think
00:46:28.220 well
00:46:28.360 you
00:46:28.520 see
00:46:28.740 the
00:46:28.920 world
00:46:29.260 the
00:46:29.620 way
00:46:29.760 it
00:46:29.900 is
00:46:30.160 and
00:46:30.600 then
00:46:30.720 you
00:46:30.860 think
00:46:31.180 about
00:46:31.460 it
00:46:31.600 and
00:46:31.760 you
00:46:31.880 evaluate
00:46:32.240 it
00:46:32.480 and
00:46:32.540 then
00:46:32.660 you
00:46:32.760 decide
00:46:33.080 to
00:46:33.240 act
00:46:33.520 on
00:46:33.700 it
00:46:33.820 it's
00:46:33.880 like
00:46:34.000 that
00:46:34.200 is
00:46:34.360 not
00:46:34.600 how
00:46:34.780 it
00:46:34.960 works
00:46:35.320 it
00:46:35.980 does
00:46:36.200 not
00:46:36.420 work
00:46:36.660 that
00:46:36.860 way
00:46:37.060 so
00:46:37.560 for
00:46:37.740 example
00:46:38.120 if
00:46:39.200 you
00:46:39.400 look
00:46:39.740 at
00:46:39.920 a
00:46:40.040 table
00:46:40.360 and
00:46:40.560 there's
00:46:40.740 a
00:46:40.840 glass
00:46:41.220 on
00:46:41.480 it
00:46:41.640 like
00:46:42.060 a
00:46:42.200 drinking
00:46:42.440 glass
00:46:42.880 your
00:46:44.020 eyes
00:46:44.580 activate
00:46:45.300 your
00:46:45.620 motor
00:46:45.860 cortex
00:46:46.280 directly
00:46:46.940 so
00:46:47.960 part
00:46:48.400 of
00:46:48.560 the
00:46:48.740 act
00:46:49.200 of
00:46:49.400 seeing
00:46:49.840 a
00:46:50.040 glass
00:46:50.480 is
00:46:51.140 mentally
00:46:51.980 preparing
00:46:52.660 to
00:46:53.220 do
00:46:53.400 this
00:46:53.840 and
00:46:54.220 so
00:46:54.380 this
00:46:54.900 say
00:46:55.540 the
00:46:55.660 glass
00:46:55.940 is
00:46:56.080 that
00:46:56.260 size
00:46:56.600 is
00:46:57.060 the
00:46:57.280 imitation
00:46:57.760 of
00:46:58.220 the
00:46:58.380 glass
00:46:58.780 with
00:46:59.060 your
00:46:59.220 hand
00:46:59.660 and
00:47:00.580 the
00:47:00.760 imitation
00:47:01.240 of
00:47:01.480 your
00:47:01.600 glass
00:47:01.900 with
00:47:02.080 your
00:47:02.220 hand
00:47:02.420 is
00:47:02.560 the
00:47:02.700 preparation
00:47:03.140 for
00:47:03.440 moving
00:47:03.760 the
00:47:03.960 glass
00:47:04.220 to
00:47:04.360 your
00:47:04.480 mouth
00:47:04.760 and
00:47:05.180 that's
00:47:05.480 what
00:47:05.620 the
00:47:05.780 glass
00:47:06.140 is
00:47:06.540 the
00:47:07.000 glass
00:47:07.300 isn't
00:47:07.740 an
00:47:08.120 object
00:47:09.180 the
00:47:10.120 glass
00:47:10.460 is
00:47:10.660 an
00:47:10.860 implement
00:47:11.500 for
00:47:11.960 a
00:47:12.220 desired
00:47:12.700 end
00:47:13.160 and
00:47:13.580 that's
00:47:13.840 what
00:47:14.000 you
00:47:14.180 see
00:47:14.820 you
00:47:15.340 see
00:47:15.520 that
00:47:15.720 directly
00:47:16.320 you
00:47:16.500 don't
00:47:16.620 see
00:47:16.780 the
00:47:16.960 fact
00:47:17.280 of
00:47:17.420 the
00:47:17.540 glass
00:47:17.860 and
00:47:18.020 infer
00:47:19.940 its
00:47:20.140 function
00:47:20.500 you
00:47:20.940 see
00:47:21.420 its
00:47:21.760 function
00:47:22.300 the
00:47:23.140 person
00:47:23.460 who
00:47:23.600 established
00:47:24.100 this
00:47:24.520 wrote
00:47:25.320 a book
00:47:25.560 called
00:47:25.840 the
00:47:26.020 ecological
00:47:26.680 guide
00:47:28.840 to
00:47:29.000 visual
00:47:29.280 perception
00:47:29.860 another
00:47:30.380 brilliant
00:47:30.800 book
00:47:31.060 it's
00:47:31.260 also
00:47:31.440 on my
00:47:31.840 reading
00:47:32.400 list
00:47:32.600 one of
00:47:32.880 the
00:47:32.920 things
00:47:33.080 he
00:47:33.220 pointed
00:47:33.480 out
00:47:33.700 was
00:47:33.900 that
00:47:34.120 when
00:47:35.220 you
00:47:35.340 come
00:47:35.800 close
00:47:36.140 to
00:47:36.400 like
00:47:37.860 a
00:47:38.220 cliff
00:47:38.980 like
00:47:39.260 disjunction
00:47:40.780 like
00:47:41.000 that
00:47:41.200 you
00:47:41.640 don't
00:47:41.940 see
00:47:42.260 a
00:47:42.520 cliff
00:47:42.820 you
00:47:43.480 see
00:47:43.680 a
00:47:43.920 falling
00:47:44.400 off
00:47:44.860 place
00:47:45.460 and
00:47:46.360 you're
00:47:46.520 right
00:47:46.820 right
00:47:47.140 and
00:47:47.440 babies
00:47:48.080 see
00:47:48.360 this
00:47:48.580 right
00:47:48.760 because
00:47:48.960 if
00:47:49.520 you
00:47:49.740 put
00:47:51.060 two
00:47:51.280 tables
00:47:51.580 together
00:47:51.980 and
00:47:53.020 you
00:47:53.100 have
00:47:53.260 a
00:47:53.400 space
00:47:53.680 between
00:47:53.980 them
00:47:54.120 and
00:47:54.200 you
00:47:54.260 put
00:47:54.380 a
00:47:54.480 piece
00:47:54.620 of
00:47:54.740 glass
00:47:55.080 across
00:47:55.440 the
00:47:55.640 space
00:47:56.000 like
00:47:56.640 a
00:47:56.800 baby
00:47:57.000 that
00:47:57.160 can
00:47:57.300 just
00:47:57.480 start
00:47:57.780 to
00:47:57.940 crawl
00:47:58.140 won't
00:47:58.460 crawl
00:47:58.720 across
00:47:59.060 the
00:47:59.260 space
00:47:59.620 because
00:48:00.500 they
00:48:00.700 see
00:48:01.000 a
00:48:01.200 falling
00:48:01.460 off
00:48:01.700 place
00:48:02.060 and
00:48:02.740 when
00:48:02.880 they
00:48:03.000 see
00:48:03.160 a
00:48:03.280 falling
00:48:03.460 off
00:48:03.680 place
00:48:03.940 that
00:48:04.180 makes
00:48:04.540 their
00:48:04.760 body
00:48:05.120 move
00:48:05.460 away
00:48:05.860 and
00:48:06.720 it's
00:48:07.140 because
00:48:07.440 your
00:48:08.140 visual
00:48:08.460 system
00:48:08.840 is
00:48:08.980 very
00:48:09.180 complicated
00:48:09.720 it
00:48:09.940 doesn't
00:48:10.160 just
00:48:10.360 it
00:48:10.820 doesn't
00:48:11.040 just
00:48:11.220 report
00:48:11.580 to
00:48:11.740 your
00:48:11.880 so
00:48:12.200 it
00:48:12.320 isn't
00:48:12.520 like
00:48:12.740 there's
00:48:13.360 an
00:48:13.480 object
00:48:13.860 you
00:48:14.360 see
00:48:14.580 it
00:48:14.700 and
00:48:14.820 you
00:48:14.940 think
00:48:15.120 about
00:48:15.320 it
00:48:15.440 it's
00:48:15.540 like
00:48:15.700 what's
00:48:16.880 happening
00:48:17.220 is
00:48:17.420 there's
00:48:17.620 a
00:48:17.760 pattern
00:48:18.140 out
00:48:18.400 there
00:48:18.680 and
00:48:20.120 that
00:48:20.320 pattern
00:48:20.720 makes
00:48:20.980 a
00:48:21.140 pattern
00:48:21.420 on
00:48:21.640 your
00:48:21.820 retina
00:48:22.240 and
00:48:22.960 then
00:48:23.080 that
00:48:23.280 retinal
00:48:23.680 pattern
00:48:24.080 propagates
00:48:24.800 through
00:48:25.000 the
00:48:25.160 optic
00:48:25.460 nerve
00:48:25.780 and
00:48:26.160 then
00:48:26.280 that
00:48:26.460 fragments
00:48:26.960 up
00:48:27.380 into
00:48:27.580 all
00:48:27.840 sorts
00:48:28.060 of
00:48:28.200 different
00:48:28.480 outputs
00:48:28.920 so
00:48:29.460 for
00:48:29.620 example
00:48:29.920 your
00:48:30.140 eyes
00:48:30.380 map
00:48:30.680 right
00:48:30.940 onto
00:48:31.200 your
00:48:31.440 spine
00:48:32.000 and
00:48:33.140 so
00:48:33.300 one
00:48:33.580 of
00:48:33.680 the
00:48:33.800 consequences
00:48:34.320 of
00:48:34.540 that
00:48:34.700 is
00:48:34.860 I
00:48:35.160 actually
00:48:35.420 saw
00:48:35.680 this
00:48:35.900 happen
00:48:36.200 one
00:48:36.400 time
00:48:36.560 in
00:48:36.660 my
00:48:36.800 life
00:48:37.000 I
00:48:37.120 was
00:48:37.280 walking
00:48:39.120 along
00:48:39.500 some
00:48:39.840 falling
00:48:40.160 off
00:48:40.400 places
00:48:40.820 by
00:48:41.540 the
00:48:42.680 Pacific
00:48:43.000 Ocean
00:48:43.460 near
00:48:45.020 LA
00:48:45.320 and I
00:48:45.600 was
00:48:45.720 with
00:48:45.940 this
00:48:46.260 friend
00:48:46.820 brother
00:48:47.520 of
00:48:47.700 a
00:48:47.780 friend
00:48:47.940 of
00:48:48.040 mine
00:48:48.140 he
00:48:48.260 was
00:48:48.340 about
00:48:48.500 six
00:48:48.760 five
00:48:49.040 and
00:48:49.160 he
00:48:49.200 had
00:48:49.300 this
00:48:49.440 little
00:48:49.620 daughter
00:48:49.900 who
00:48:50.020 was
00:48:50.080 about
00:48:50.280 four
00:48:50.740 or
00:48:50.900 five
00:48:51.100 years
00:48:51.340 old
00:48:51.660 and
00:48:52.180 we
00:48:52.260 were
00:48:52.300 walking
00:48:52.620 down
00:48:52.820 the
00:48:52.940 pathway
00:48:53.340 and
00:48:54.240 there
00:48:54.440 was
00:48:54.540 a
00:48:54.660 rattlesnake
00:48:55.140 by
00:48:55.300 the
00:48:55.420 pathway
00:48:55.800 and
00:48:56.720 she
00:48:56.980 saw
00:48:57.400 it
00:48:57.600 and
00:48:57.820 jumped
00:48:58.120 right
00:48:58.460 on
00:48:58.740 top
00:48:59.020 of
00:48:59.140 her
00:48:59.280 father's
00:48:59.700 shoulders
00:49:00.080 just
00:49:00.780 like
00:49:00.960 a
00:49:01.120 cat
00:49:01.520 it
00:49:01.740 was
00:49:01.800 like
00:49:01.940 ping
00:49:02.480 on
00:49:03.040 her
00:49:03.180 father's
00:49:03.540 shoulders
00:49:03.880 I
00:49:04.380 thought
00:49:04.520 well
00:49:04.720 that
00:49:05.100 that
00:49:05.820 was
00:49:06.020 quite
00:49:06.340 amazing
00:49:07.260 then
00:49:07.860 I
00:49:08.000 read
00:49:08.160 another
00:49:08.460 book
00:49:08.700 by
00:49:08.900 a
00:49:09.000 guy
00:49:09.120 named
00:49:09.320 Joseph
00:49:09.700 Ledoux
00:49:10.220 someone
00:49:10.740 else
00:49:11.020 I
00:49:11.140 would
00:49:11.260 recommend
00:49:11.660 and
00:49:12.180 he
00:49:12.380 mapped
00:49:12.860 out
00:49:13.200 snake
00:49:13.620 perception
00:49:14.260 and
00:49:14.960 so
00:49:15.140 if
00:49:16.440 you
00:49:16.600 have
00:49:16.820 to
00:49:16.960 see
00:49:17.180 a
00:49:22.940 strategy
00:49:23.480 so
00:49:24.320 but
00:49:24.720 you
00:49:25.000 have
00:49:25.220 spinal
00:49:25.700 reflexes
00:49:26.440 to
00:49:26.660 snake
00:49:27.040 like
00:49:27.300 entities
00:49:27.760 and
00:49:28.540 they're
00:49:28.740 fast
00:49:29.220 so
00:49:29.520 they
00:49:29.900 can
00:49:30.040 operate
00:49:30.380 in
00:49:30.520 less
00:49:30.700 than
00:49:30.860 a
00:49:31.000 tenth
00:49:31.180 of
00:49:31.300 a
00:49:31.420 second
00:49:31.680 which
00:49:31.900 gives
00:49:32.100 you
00:49:32.220 a
00:49:32.340 fighting
00:49:32.540 chance
00:49:32.940 with
00:49:33.100 regards
00:49:33.400 to
00:49:33.580 a
00:49:33.720 snake
00:49:33.980 strike
00:49:34.780 and
00:49:35.280 so
00:49:35.400 what
00:49:35.540 happens
00:49:35.900 is
00:49:36.120 your
00:49:36.720 visual
00:49:37.100 system
00:49:37.580 a
00:49:38.060 specific
00:49:38.460 part
00:49:38.780 of
00:49:38.880 it
00:49:38.960 that's
00:49:39.200 associated
00:49:39.660 with
00:49:39.940 fear
00:49:40.280 picks
00:49:41.060 up
00:49:41.260 the
00:49:41.480 snake
00:49:41.760 pattern
00:49:42.240 and
00:49:42.760 it
00:49:42.880 maps
00:49:43.200 right
00:49:43.420 onto
00:49:43.600 your
00:49:43.760 spinal
00:49:44.060 cord
00:49:44.280 and
00:49:44.360 that
00:49:44.480 makes
00:49:44.680 you
00:49:44.800 jump
00:49:52.940 spine
00:49:53.180 produces
00:49:53.540 a
00:49:53.740 pattern
00:49:54.000 which
00:49:54.200 is
00:49:54.340 you
00:49:54.500 jumping
00:49:54.900 and
00:49:55.520 then
00:49:55.660 you're
00:49:55.780 not
00:49:56.000 dead
00:49:56.320 and
00:49:56.720 all
00:49:56.880 of
00:49:57.000 that's
00:49:57.260 conserved
00:49:57.860 and
00:49:58.040 so
00:49:58.200 your
00:49:58.460 eyes
00:49:59.120 actually
00:49:59.660 communicate
00:50:00.820 with
00:50:01.120 your
00:50:01.240 nervous
00:50:01.540 system
00:50:01.840 at
00:50:02.020 multiple
00:50:02.420 levels
00:50:02.940 the
00:50:03.320 top
00:50:03.620 level
00:50:03.900 is
00:50:04.080 conscious
00:50:04.420 vision
00:50:04.840 so
00:50:05.460 there's
00:50:05.640 other
00:50:05.840 phenomena
00:50:06.220 that
00:50:06.380 go
00:50:06.520 along
00:50:06.740 with
00:50:06.900 this
00:50:07.040 like
00:50:07.220 blind
00:50:07.640 sight
00:50:07.980 is
00:50:08.160 a
00:50:08.260 real
00:50:08.380 cool
00:50:08.660 one
00:50:08.900 so
00:50:09.060 there
00:50:09.520 are
00:50:09.640 people
00:50:09.920 who
00:50:10.180 there's
00:50:10.700 different
00:50:10.960 ways
00:50:11.160 to
00:50:11.300 be
00:50:11.440 blind
00:50:11.780 right
00:50:12.020 you
00:50:12.140 could
00:50:12.260 have
00:50:12.400 your
00:50:12.540 optical
00:50:12.860 nerves
00:50:13.200 severed
00:50:13.640 you
00:50:13.940 could
00:50:14.040 have
00:50:14.140 your
00:50:14.280 retinas
00:50:14.620 damaged
00:50:15.140 or
00:50:15.620 you
00:50:15.740 can
00:50:15.840 have
00:50:15.980 a
00:50:16.140 stroke
00:50:16.520 and
00:50:16.980 the
00:50:17.100 stroke
00:50:17.340 will
00:50:17.480 take
00:50:17.720 out
00:50:17.880 the
00:50:18.020 visual
00:50:18.260 cortex
00:50:18.640 and
00:50:19.400 so
00:50:19.560 if
00:50:19.680 you
00:50:19.760 have
00:50:19.960 a
00:50:20.120 stroke
00:50:20.360 and
00:50:20.520 it's
00:50:20.700 taken
00:50:20.960 out
00:50:21.140 your
00:50:21.300 visual
00:50:21.620 cortex
00:50:22.020 which
00:50:22.320 is
00:50:22.480 pretty
00:50:22.780 high
00:50:23.060 up
00:50:23.260 in
00:50:23.380 the
00:50:23.520 visual
00:50:23.780 processing
00:50:24.320 hierarchy
00:50:26.240 then
00:50:26.980 you
00:50:27.340 say
00:50:27.760 you
00:50:28.040 can't
00:50:28.560 see
00:50:28.940 so
00:50:29.980 if
00:50:30.340 you
00:50:30.460 talk
00:50:30.660 to
00:50:30.780 someone
00:50:31.060 with
00:50:31.320 with
00:50:31.920 who's
00:50:33.020 blind
00:50:33.260 because
00:50:33.520 of a
00:50:33.800 stroke
00:50:34.420 to
00:50:35.120 the
00:50:35.220 visual
00:50:35.460 cortex
00:50:35.780 and
00:50:36.340 you
00:50:36.480 say
00:50:43.200 they
00:50:44.060 move
00:50:44.260 your
00:50:44.420 hand
00:50:44.700 they
00:50:45.360 can
00:50:45.520 guess
00:50:45.780 with
00:50:45.940 9
00:50:46.160 out
00:50:46.300 of
00:50:46.400 10
00:50:46.560 accuracy
00:50:47.100 even
00:50:48.460 though
00:50:48.580 they
00:50:48.700 can't
00:50:48.960 see
00:50:49.180 it
00:50:49.380 and
00:50:50.300 so
00:50:50.540 not
00:50:51.060 only
00:50:51.240 that
00:50:51.580 if
00:50:51.940 you
00:50:52.060 take
00:50:52.260 those
00:50:52.460 people
00:50:52.780 and
00:50:54.100 you
00:50:54.220 show
00:50:54.400 them
00:50:54.580 faces
00:50:54.940 of
00:50:55.200 people
00:50:55.440 who
00:50:55.580 are
00:50:55.700 afraid
00:50:56.080 they'll
00:50:56.800 show
00:50:57.020 galvanic
00:50:57.580 skin
00:50:57.800 response
00:50:58.300 if
00:50:58.480 you
00:50:58.600 test
00:50:58.960 them
00:50:59.120 psychophysiologically
00:51:00.060 so
00:51:00.660 even
00:51:00.860 though
00:51:01.040 they
00:51:01.200 cannot
00:51:01.560 report
00:51:02.280 seeing
00:51:02.640 the
00:51:02.840 face
00:51:03.180 the
00:51:03.920 circuits
00:51:04.520 that
00:51:04.800 detect
00:51:05.380 fear
00:51:05.980 on
00:51:06.400 the
00:51:06.760 facial
00:51:08.060 displays
00:51:08.520 of
00:51:08.680 other
00:51:08.880 primates
00:51:09.400 are
00:51:13.200 response
00:51:13.700 that's
00:51:13.960 associated
00:51:14.400 with
00:51:14.680 fear
00:51:14.980 so
00:51:16.120 perception
00:51:16.820 is very
00:51:17.180 complicated
00:51:17.760 and it
00:51:18.320 maps
00:51:18.800 onto
00:51:19.220 you
00:51:19.520 so
00:51:20.960 that
00:51:21.100 you
00:51:21.220 can
00:51:21.360 react
00:51:21.660 very
00:51:21.900 very
00:51:22.100 rapidly
00:51:22.540 reflexively
00:51:23.460 well
00:51:24.180 you see
00:51:24.420 that
00:51:24.580 when you
00:51:24.800 put
00:51:24.920 your
00:51:25.020 hand
00:51:25.200 on
00:51:25.320 a
00:51:25.420 hot
00:51:25.580 stove
00:51:25.960 right
00:51:26.220 jerk
00:51:27.400 away
00:51:27.720 that's
00:51:28.220 just
00:51:28.380 a
00:51:28.540 spinal
00:51:28.900 reflex
00:51:29.460 so
00:51:30.180 the
00:51:30.720 reflex
00:51:31.640 is
00:51:31.900 here
00:51:32.200 to
00:51:32.660 here
00:51:32.860 and
00:51:33.020 back
00:51:33.360 it's
00:51:33.540 very
00:51:33.720 fast
00:51:34.200 and
00:51:34.880 then
00:51:35.280 the
00:51:36.440 pain
00:51:36.680 comes
00:51:37.080 you
00:51:37.520 think
00:51:37.680 well
00:51:37.820 I
00:51:37.960 pulled
00:51:38.920 my
00:51:39.120 hand
00:51:39.360 away
00:51:39.580 from
00:51:39.800 the
00:51:39.960 fire
00:51:40.260 because
00:51:40.940 it
00:51:41.120 hurt
00:51:41.360 it's
00:51:41.580 like
00:51:41.700 no
00:51:41.840 you
00:51:41.980 didn't
00:51:42.980 you
00:51:43.700 hurt
00:51:44.000 so
00:51:44.200 that
00:51:44.300 you
00:51:44.360 don't
00:51:44.480 put
00:51:44.640 your
00:51:44.760 damn
00:51:44.980 hand
00:51:45.300 on
00:51:45.420 the
00:51:45.540 fire
00:51:45.740 again
00:51:46.200 but
00:51:47.440 waiting
00:51:48.020 for
00:51:48.240 the
00:51:48.400 pain
00:51:48.680 means
00:51:49.080 you're
00:51:49.700 so
00:51:50.420 burnt
00:51:50.660 you'll
00:51:50.840 never
00:51:51.020 recover
00:51:51.440 so
00:51:52.100 you
00:51:52.220 need
00:51:52.420 to
00:51:52.660 conserve
00:51:53.280 those
00:51:53.580 very
00:51:53.900 basic
00:51:54.440 responses
00:51:55.120 that
00:51:55.600 are
00:51:55.680 still
00:51:55.880 mediated
00:51:56.340 by
00:51:56.560 sensory
00:51:58.260 perception
00:51:58.820 okay
00:51:59.540 so
00:51:59.760 back
00:52:00.000 to
00:52:00.180 the
00:52:00.380 aim
00:52:00.740 idea
00:52:01.240 now
00:52:02.520 let's
00:52:03.400 think
00:52:03.600 about
00:52:03.800 the
00:52:03.960 idea
00:52:04.140 of
00:52:04.280 hunting
00:52:04.620 for
00:52:05.360 a
00:52:05.480 minute
00:52:05.660 so
00:52:06.460 there's
00:52:06.740 a
00:52:06.840 guy
00:52:07.000 named
00:52:07.200 Richard
00:52:07.560 Rangham
00:52:08.160 primatologist
00:52:09.280 I really
00:52:09.720 like
00:52:09.960 he wrote
00:52:10.840 a book
00:52:11.100 about
00:52:11.340 fire
00:52:11.720 which is
00:52:12.120 another
00:52:12.280 book
00:52:12.500 I'd
00:52:12.720 recommend
00:52:13.100 can't
00:52:13.740 remember
00:52:14.020 the name
00:52:14.420 raising
00:52:15.500 fire
00:52:16.060 is that
00:52:16.440 it
00:52:16.640 catching
00:52:17.320 fire
00:52:17.780 that's
00:52:18.360 the name
00:52:18.640 of the
00:52:18.900 book
00:52:19.120 and
00:52:19.640 Rangham
00:52:20.080 is a
00:52:20.340 good
00:52:20.640 primatologist
00:52:21.400 he also
00:52:21.960 wrote a
00:52:22.320 book
00:52:22.460 called
00:52:22.700 demonic
00:52:23.220 males
00:52:23.640 which is
00:52:24.060 a study
00:52:24.480 of
00:52:24.700 male
00:52:25.240 aggression
00:52:25.620 across
00:52:26.000 primate
00:52:26.440 species
00:52:26.840 which I'd
00:52:27.240 also
00:52:27.460 highly
00:52:27.780 recommend
00:52:28.280 it's
00:52:28.700 nice
00:52:28.880 biological
00:52:29.560 analysis
00:52:30.080 of the
00:52:30.520 proclivity
00:52:31.000 of male
00:52:31.940 apes
00:52:32.500 of which
00:52:33.220 we're a
00:52:33.620 subset
00:52:34.000 to be
00:52:34.760 aggressive
00:52:35.260 which is
00:52:35.760 why
00:52:36.080 10 times
00:52:36.720 as many
00:52:37.060 prisoners
00:52:37.420 are men
00:52:37.960 than women
00:52:38.720 it's not
00:52:39.260 a social
00:52:39.680 construct
00:52:40.180 and it's
00:52:40.580 not
00:52:40.720 prejudice
00:52:41.240 of the
00:52:41.680 legal
00:52:41.880 system
00:52:42.280 against
00:52:42.600 men
00:52:42.960 though
00:52:43.520 you know
00:52:43.800 in our
00:52:44.120 climate
00:52:44.460 that'd
00:52:44.760 be a
00:52:44.940 logical
00:52:45.240 conclusion
00:52:45.800 so
00:52:46.640 well
00:52:47.200 right
00:52:47.520 it's
00:52:47.700 like
00:52:47.860 let's
00:52:48.180 raise
00:52:48.420 the
00:52:48.600 proportion
00:52:49.000 of
00:52:49.200 female
00:52:49.520 prisoners
00:52:49.920 to
00:52:50.160 50%
00:52:50.800 so we
00:52:51.300 have
00:52:51.480 an
00:52:51.600 equity
00:52:51.820 really
00:52:52.400 look
00:52:53.560 I
00:52:55.820 talked
00:52:56.300 I talked
00:52:57.380 to
00:52:57.560 scientists
00:52:58.100 back
00:52:58.520 in the
00:52:58.800 1990s
00:52:59.800 I was
00:53:00.280 at a
00:53:00.520 NATO
00:53:00.760 conference
00:53:01.320 in
00:53:01.580 northern
00:53:01.840 Italy
00:53:02.140 and there
00:53:02.780 were
00:53:02.900 three women
00:53:03.440 on this
00:53:04.200 panel
00:53:04.520 on childhood
00:53:05.000 aggression
00:53:05.400 and here
00:53:06.100 was their
00:53:06.500 damn
00:53:06.840 conclusion
00:53:07.280 this was
00:53:07.640 back in
00:53:08.000 the
00:53:08.080 1990s
00:53:08.740 so
00:53:09.460 there's
00:53:10.480 a
00:53:10.620 psychiatric
00:53:11.000 category
00:53:11.720 called
00:53:12.260 childhood
00:53:12.860 conduct
00:53:13.260 disorder
00:53:13.740 and it's
00:53:14.540 the precursor
00:53:15.460 to adult
00:53:16.080 antisocial
00:53:16.720 behavior
00:53:17.180 it's really
00:53:17.640 the same
00:53:18.060 thing
00:53:18.400 it's just
00:53:19.000 how it
00:53:19.260 manifests
00:53:19.680 itself
00:53:20.060 in
00:53:20.240 childhood
00:53:20.540 and there's
00:53:21.160 way more
00:53:21.680 boys
00:53:22.020 that get
00:53:22.460 diagnosed
00:53:22.880 with
00:53:23.140 childhood
00:53:23.500 conduct
00:53:23.900 disorder
00:53:24.360 than
00:53:24.600 girls
00:53:25.020 and so
00:53:26.280 their idea
00:53:27.640 was to
00:53:28.180 eliminate
00:53:28.820 those
00:53:29.480 diagnostic
00:53:30.200 markers
00:53:30.680 that
00:53:31.020 discriminated
00:53:31.860 between
00:53:32.180 the boys
00:53:32.580 and the girls
00:53:33.060 because they
00:53:33.520 thought it was
00:53:33.920 unfair that
00:53:34.560 more boys
00:53:35.080 were being
00:53:35.560 unfair to
00:53:36.480 women
00:53:36.740 that more
00:53:37.400 boys were
00:53:37.820 being categorized
00:53:38.600 as aggressive
00:53:40.000 than girls
00:53:41.540 and my mouth
00:53:42.840 was
00:53:43.040 this was like
00:53:43.980 I was like
00:53:44.380 25 when
00:53:45.140 I thought
00:53:45.560 what the hell
00:53:46.340 is wrong
00:53:46.800 with you
00:53:47.160 the only reason
00:53:48.120 that we care
00:53:48.900 about aggression
00:53:49.640 fundamentally
00:53:50.660 is because
00:53:51.220 it manifests
00:53:52.300 itself in
00:53:52.820 adulthood
00:53:53.180 in extreme
00:53:54.100 physical
00:53:54.560 violence
00:53:55.160 that's
00:53:55.960 the problem
00:53:56.780 the extreme
00:53:57.660 physical
00:53:58.040 violence
00:53:58.460 what you're
00:53:58.920 proposing
00:53:59.320 is to
00:53:59.880 gerrymander
00:54:00.540 the diagnostic
00:54:01.200 criteria
00:54:01.800 by removing
00:54:02.940 the marker
00:54:03.680 that actually
00:54:04.740 signals the
00:54:05.860 existence of
00:54:06.580 the problem
00:54:07.280 and then that'll
00:54:08.180 undermine the
00:54:08.680 science so that we
00:54:09.280 never actually
00:54:09.780 study violence
00:54:10.600 but that's okay
00:54:11.520 because then half
00:54:12.300 the boys
00:54:12.780 and an equal
00:54:13.660 number of boys
00:54:14.240 and girls
00:54:14.560 would be
00:54:14.860 classified as
00:54:15.520 violent
00:54:15.940 it was
00:54:16.640 absolutely
00:54:17.120 I thought that
00:54:17.740 was absolutely
00:54:18.280 insane
00:54:18.760 and now that's
00:54:19.340 like the norm
00:54:20.440 that's normative
00:54:21.460 thinking
00:54:22.000 among a huge
00:54:22.840 section of the
00:54:23.700 of the
00:54:24.440 what would you
00:54:26.120 say the social
00:54:26.780 constructionist
00:54:27.540 community
00:54:28.060 anyways
00:54:29.040 Richard
00:54:30.380 rang him
00:54:30.820 wrote this
00:54:31.500 book on fire
00:54:32.200 catching fire
00:54:33.000 and he
00:54:33.360 proposed
00:54:33.920 that we've
00:54:35.980 been using
00:54:36.480 fire for
00:54:36.980 two million
00:54:37.480 years
00:54:37.940 which is
00:54:38.540 longer than
00:54:38.980 most primatologists
00:54:40.340 and anthropologists
00:54:41.460 believe that we've
00:54:42.120 been using fire
00:54:42.700 he did an analysis
00:54:43.780 of our digestive
00:54:45.100 structure
00:54:45.620 so you've seen
00:54:46.940 chimps
00:54:47.460 you know how a
00:54:48.500 chimp looks
00:54:49.040 eh
00:54:49.260 chimps about this
00:54:50.460 high
00:54:50.760 very very
00:54:51.760 powerful
00:54:52.180 about four
00:54:52.960 times as strong
00:54:53.820 as a really
00:54:54.240 strong man
00:54:54.880 but shaped
00:54:55.680 kind of like
00:54:56.140 this
00:54:56.540 like they're
00:54:56.960 really wide
00:54:57.820 and the reason
00:54:59.400 they're wide
00:54:59.800 is because
00:55:00.220 they're mostly
00:55:01.000 intestinal tract
00:55:02.160 and the reason
00:55:03.340 they're mostly
00:55:03.760 intestinal tract
00:55:04.600 is because most
00:55:05.280 of what they
00:55:05.780 eat are leaves
00:55:06.780 and you might
00:55:07.920 think well
00:55:08.440 be good to
00:55:09.280 just eat leaves
00:55:10.040 but here's
00:55:10.920 the problem
00:55:11.580 is chimps
00:55:12.600 spend about
00:55:13.180 eight hours
00:55:13.640 a day
00:55:13.940 chewing
00:55:14.460 because
00:55:16.240 leaves aren't
00:55:17.080 actually edible
00:55:17.860 and so if
00:55:19.020 you're going to
00:55:19.360 eat leaves
00:55:19.900 like if you're
00:55:20.400 a panda
00:55:20.900 those crazy
00:55:21.900 animals only
00:55:22.500 eat bamboo
00:55:23.140 shoots
00:55:23.600 it's no
00:55:23.920 bloody wonder
00:55:24.380 they're almost
00:55:24.820 extinct
00:55:25.520 it's like
00:55:26.200 bad choice
00:55:27.720 there guys
00:55:28.340 every seven
00:55:29.860 years
00:55:30.200 the bamboo
00:55:30.920 shoot crop
00:55:31.800 fails
00:55:32.420 on average
00:55:33.720 that's really
00:55:34.320 hard on the
00:55:34.780 pandas
00:55:35.220 anyways
00:55:35.960 anyways
00:55:39.060 chimps
00:55:40.460 have a huge
00:55:41.520 digestive tract
00:55:42.960 because they
00:55:43.780 eat the stuff
00:55:44.340 that's basically
00:55:44.940 inedible
00:55:45.400 and they have
00:55:45.780 to spend
00:55:46.060 all their
00:55:46.340 time chewing
00:55:46.900 whereas human
00:55:47.680 beings
00:55:48.100 hypothetically
00:55:49.480 we figured out
00:55:50.700 how to hunt
00:55:51.380 and we hunted
00:55:52.600 collectively
00:55:53.220 and then we
00:55:54.120 figured out
00:55:54.520 how to cook
00:55:55.180 and so
00:55:55.960 Wrangham's
00:55:56.440 thesis is
00:55:56.940 we traded
00:55:58.000 gut for
00:55:59.040 brain
00:55:59.580 which you
00:56:00.980 know
00:56:01.060 was arguably
00:56:01.600 a good
00:56:01.980 trade
00:56:02.400 and because
00:56:03.300 cooked food
00:56:03.860 is much
00:56:04.240 more nutritionally
00:56:05.100 dense
00:56:05.360 especially if
00:56:06.080 it's high
00:56:06.560 in protein
00:56:07.040 and fat
00:56:07.540 and that's
00:56:08.280 what you
00:56:08.480 get if
00:56:08.780 you hunt
00:56:09.160 and so
00:56:09.920 the hunter
00:56:10.580 think about
00:56:11.460 a hunter
00:56:11.840 a hunter
00:56:12.180 has an
00:56:12.600 aim
00:56:12.860 right
00:56:13.160 an aim
00:56:13.840 is an
00:56:14.140 animal
00:56:14.420 obviously
00:56:14.900 to bring
00:56:15.260 down
00:56:15.460 an animal
00:56:15.840 and then
00:56:16.080 you think
00:56:16.360 about
00:56:16.540 well
00:56:16.780 what's
00:56:17.460 the implication
00:56:18.140 of that
00:56:18.780 for what
00:56:19.660 we're like
00:56:20.300 well human
00:56:21.080 beings are
00:56:21.460 very interesting
00:56:22.100 creatures
00:56:22.560 right
00:56:22.900 because
00:56:23.180 well we
00:56:23.860 stand up
00:56:24.360 on two feet
00:56:24.920 so we can
00:56:25.320 see a long
00:56:25.800 distance
00:56:26.120 and we can
00:56:26.640 really see
00:56:27.320 we've got
00:56:28.100 great vision
00:56:28.660 and we can
00:56:29.460 really run
00:56:30.220 you know
00:56:31.040 like an
00:56:31.880 adult human
00:56:32.480 being can
00:56:32.960 run almost
00:56:33.840 any animal
00:56:34.680 to death
00:56:35.320 over the
00:56:35.760 course of
00:56:36.160 a week
00:56:36.520 if he's
00:56:37.060 in good
00:56:37.340 shape
00:56:37.680 and so
00:56:38.320 lots of
00:56:38.800 lots of
00:56:39.440 hunters
00:56:39.860 the bushman
00:56:40.900 in the
00:56:41.340 Kalahari
00:56:41.640 desert
00:56:41.900 for example
00:56:42.360 they just
00:56:42.900 run down
00:56:43.340 their prey
00:56:43.760 they just
00:56:44.420 keep running
00:56:44.880 after them
00:56:45.360 until they
00:56:45.740 basically die
00:56:46.620 now they
00:56:47.220 have poison
00:56:47.940 darts
00:56:48.320 and those
00:56:48.660 things also
00:56:49.180 work but
00:56:49.600 a lot of
00:56:49.920 it's just
00:56:50.220 they just
00:56:50.520 run the
00:56:50.860 animals to
00:56:51.280 exhaustion
00:56:51.700 and a
00:56:52.380 man in
00:56:52.740 good shape
00:56:53.140 can run
00:56:53.560 a horse
00:56:54.020 to death
00:56:54.460 in something
00:56:54.840 like a
00:56:55.220 week
00:56:55.500 so we're
00:56:56.820 really good
00:56:57.300 at running
00:56:57.700 and so
00:56:58.800 we can run
00:56:59.200 things down
00:56:59.820 and we're
00:57:00.900 really good
00:57:01.280 at taking
00:57:01.680 aim
00:57:02.020 then you
00:57:02.580 think well
00:57:03.000 how good
00:57:03.980 are we
00:57:04.280 at taking
00:57:04.740 aim
00:57:05.040 how deeply
00:57:05.880 is that
00:57:06.260 built into
00:57:06.800 us
00:57:07.060 well look
00:57:07.640 think about
00:57:08.420 what we do
00:57:09.000 first of all
00:57:09.640 we can
00:57:09.980 throw
00:57:10.500 right now
00:57:11.680 a chimp
00:57:12.180 can throw
00:57:12.640 a punch
00:57:13.080 and so
00:57:13.400 can a
00:57:13.680 kangaroo
00:57:14.080 so there's
00:57:14.640 some other
00:57:15.000 animals that
00:57:15.580 can punch
00:57:16.060 but we can
00:57:16.560 really throw
00:57:17.000 a punch
00:57:17.380 but we're
00:57:18.380 the only
00:57:18.680 creatures that
00:57:19.260 we know of
00:57:19.760 that can
00:57:20.060 throw a
00:57:20.460 projectile
00:57:21.220 and to
00:57:22.120 throw a
00:57:22.420 projectile
00:57:22.920 you have
00:57:23.140 to specify
00:57:23.640 a target
00:57:24.200 and then
00:57:24.800 you have
00:57:25.000 to throw
00:57:25.420 at the
00:57:25.760 projectile
00:57:26.280 right and
00:57:26.560 then you
00:57:26.740 have to
00:57:27.020 hit it
00:57:27.420 and so
00:57:28.160 and if
00:57:28.900 your success
00:57:29.740 in hunting
00:57:30.240 is dependent
00:57:30.820 on that
00:57:31.220 it doesn't
00:57:31.680 matter if
00:57:32.080 you're
00:57:32.300 throwing a
00:57:32.980 rock
00:57:33.340 or wielding
00:57:34.380 a stick
00:57:34.840 or maybe
00:57:35.500 using a
00:57:36.060 bow
00:57:36.340 or using
00:57:37.000 a javelin
00:57:37.720 or something
00:57:38.120 like that
00:57:38.600 it's all
00:57:39.080 target
00:57:39.720 specification
00:57:40.520 and aim
00:57:41.060 so that
00:57:41.380 you hit
00:57:41.640 the target
00:57:42.160 right so
00:57:43.220 that makes
00:57:43.580 you a
00:57:43.840 hunter
00:57:44.080 but then
00:57:45.100 you hunt
00:57:45.380 collectively
00:57:45.980 so that
00:57:46.660 makes it
00:57:47.020 more interesting
00:57:48.440 you think
00:57:49.040 well what's
00:57:49.380 a collective
00:57:49.860 hunter
00:57:50.260 like
00:57:50.680 so then
00:57:51.620 you think
00:57:51.920 well what's
00:57:52.240 the point
00:57:52.620 of hunting
00:57:53.120 and the
00:57:54.140 point of
00:57:54.440 hunting
00:57:54.660 is to
00:57:55.140 bring down
00:57:56.000 an animal
00:57:56.460 okay
00:57:57.520 the point
00:57:58.160 of bringing
00:57:58.580 down the
00:57:58.880 animal
00:57:59.100 is to
00:57:59.360 eat
00:57:59.660 but
00:58:00.680 and the
00:58:01.040 point
00:58:01.220 of eating
00:58:01.480 is to
00:58:01.860 survive
00:58:02.360 but
00:58:03.660 the point
00:58:05.120 of eating
00:58:05.980 to survive
00:58:06.540 isn't to
00:58:07.080 survive
00:58:07.600 so that you
00:58:09.060 can just
00:58:09.480 have that
00:58:10.140 animal
00:58:10.560 the point
00:58:11.520 of eating
00:58:11.820 to survive
00:58:12.340 is so that
00:58:12.740 you don't
00:58:13.220 starve
00:58:13.800 so then
00:58:14.980 the question
00:58:15.420 might be
00:58:15.940 well what
00:58:17.760 makes a
00:58:18.180 good hunter
00:58:18.780 and the
00:58:19.800 answer might
00:58:20.240 be well
00:58:20.720 someone who
00:58:21.380 can take
00:58:21.780 aim
00:58:22.100 and fair
00:58:23.320 enough
00:58:23.660 and who
00:58:24.100 can throw
00:58:24.540 so there's
00:58:25.040 prowess and
00:58:25.860 accuracy that's
00:58:26.660 associated with
00:58:27.260 that but
00:58:27.560 let's say you
00:58:28.340 start to hunt
00:58:28.840 collectively and
00:58:29.520 even monkeys
00:58:30.000 do that or
00:58:30.620 chimpanzees do
00:58:31.540 that by the
00:58:32.020 way so
00:58:32.940 so the
00:58:33.400 precursors are
00:58:34.320 laid down
00:58:34.780 far far
00:58:35.740 down in
00:58:36.120 the primatology
00:58:37.160 in our
00:58:38.160 primate lineage
00:58:38.960 so imagine
00:58:41.160 that to be a
00:58:41.600 good hunter you
00:58:42.080 have to be able
00:58:42.540 to aim
00:58:43.080 and see
00:58:44.500 and throw
00:58:45.100 and so you
00:58:46.160 take aim
00:58:46.680 and you have
00:58:47.020 a point
00:58:47.460 all of that
00:58:48.100 and you can
00:58:48.640 point things
00:58:49.280 out to other
00:58:49.800 people
00:58:50.180 but then imagine
00:58:51.460 that you also
00:58:51.960 have to be able
00:58:52.560 to organize
00:58:53.160 the hunt
00:58:53.660 because if you
00:58:55.200 can organize
00:58:55.680 the hunt
00:58:56.020 even if you
00:58:56.600 even if you
00:58:57.340 can't aim
00:58:57.840 yourself
00:58:58.380 if you can
00:58:59.140 organize a
00:58:59.600 hunt
00:58:59.860 well then
00:59:00.660 you're really
00:59:00.940 valuable
00:59:01.340 because that's
00:59:02.120 like a
00:59:02.480 meta aim
00:59:03.100 right
00:59:03.440 if you have
00:59:04.020 20 people
00:59:04.560 who can hunt
00:59:05.020 and you can
00:59:05.440 organize them
00:59:06.180 it's like
00:59:06.940 that's an aim
00:59:08.140 it's a
00:59:09.220 meta aim
00:59:09.780 it's like
00:59:10.140 you've taken
00:59:10.700 the idea
00:59:11.140 of aim
00:59:11.440 and you've
00:59:13.820 transmuted it into a sociological abstraction
00:59:14.920 you've transmuted it into something like a form of ethical behavior
00:59:19.040 how can we organize ourselves tribally so that we can hunt effectively together
00:59:23.260 and then not just this hunt right
00:59:25.320 because yeah we're going to hunt tomorrow but then we're going to hunt next week and we're
00:59:28.900 going to hunt next year and we're going to hunt a year from now and our children
00:59:32.460 are going to hunt with us and so it isn't just one hunt it's many many hunts and
00:59:36.840 so then we have to organize our tribe so that when we hunt we split the food up so that the
00:59:42.240 group stays coherent enough so that we can continue the hunt across time
00:59:46.860 well then you can just you don't have to use your imagination very hard to understand
00:59:52.060 how an ethic can emerge from that
00:59:54.420 it's a kind of game
00:59:55.720 you know
00:59:56.440 one thing i've lectured about fairly extensively is the idea of the emergence of morality from
01:00:01.440 the structure of games
01:00:02.480 like you should play a game to win now most games have a point and a name which is another
01:00:08.000 indication i think of our fundamental hunting background right because you think about all
01:00:12.660 the things we do for entertainment they're very hunting like you know so basically what what a
01:00:18.560 basketball team is doing with the basketball is hunting down the hoop with the ball and so when
01:00:23.820 everyone's into that they organize themselves into little hunting teams and they compete and it's
01:00:28.340 so exciting that everybody will sit in the audience and watch that and then we're really
01:00:31.360 excited when we see someone do something that's particularly athletically spectacular but we're
01:00:37.140 also impressed when we see someone do something athletically spectacular in a way that's of
01:00:42.380 maximal benefit to the rest of the team or that maybe even transforms the whole game right because
01:00:47.240 that's even better than you see a great athlete who's a great sportsman and then you think that's
01:00:51.140 a great person it's like that's a good idea it's like that's the person who's got a name but who's
01:00:56.560 transmuted the aim as well so that they modify the entire structure of the cooperative game so that
01:01:02.160 it becomes a better game and that's a better aim and that makes you a better hunter think well why
01:01:07.120 does it make you a better hunter it's like well do you want food today or do you want food for the
01:01:10.940 rest of your life and so here's a rule if you're going to be a good hunter share what you kill
01:01:16.160 now that's something and then you think well what are you hunting then you're hunting reputation
01:01:21.920 reputation all of a sudden instead of hunting animals you're hunting reputation it's like oh
01:01:25.980 you can trust him man you go for a hunt with him you get a little more than your fair share
01:01:31.080 so then everybody lines up to hunt with that guy and then well he's he's set perhaps for the rest of
01:01:37.340 his life and maybe even if he's old or maybe he's having an off day all those people with whom he's
01:01:42.100 hunted with properly think you know we owe him something and they're very concerned about maintaining
01:01:47.980 their reputation as well so you can see how i see i've become very interested in the emergence of
01:01:53.600 ethics from the biological substrate and one of the things that happened when i was discussing
01:01:59.280 the relationship between facts and values with sam harris like harris has got an an interesting
01:02:05.060 problem to solve see harris wants to ground ethics in something that isn't just arbitrary opinion
01:02:13.720 and so that's why he makes a strong case that you can derive values from facts that's his his
01:02:20.200 motivation and he has other motivations like he would he would rather that people didn't suffer
01:02:24.800 any more than necessary and if you act ethically maybe that's associated with the amelioration of
01:02:29.520 suffering and if you can ground that in something solid then we can come to agreement about how we
01:02:34.240 should all act to ameliorate suffering good you know that all seems reasonable but the grounding of
01:02:40.020 value in fact is very very difficult you don't get from the array of facts to the world of values
01:02:45.880 without very complex intermediary stages and so what i've been trying to puzzle out is what those
01:02:51.220 intermediary stages are so that that's the hunting story it's like you think about how the idea of an
01:02:56.860 aim is transmuted and so let me let me give you a further transmutation of that so remember the story
01:03:03.380 of pinocchio and so so geppetto has an aim right and it's it's it's turned into a cosmological aim
01:03:12.060 interestingly enough because what you see at the beginning of the movie is geppetto produces a child
01:03:17.500 essentially who's a marionette not autonomous pulled motivated and moved by forces that are beyond his
01:03:24.840 control voiceless wooden-headed and naive right but full of possibility well what that and born one of the
01:03:32.520 things that's interesting about the pinocchio movie if you remember how it opens most how many of you
01:03:36.780 have seen how many of you haven't seen that okay so virtually everybody's seen that so you know what
01:03:41.720 i'm talking about when the book when the movie opens there's a book and the cricket is showing you
01:03:45.920 the book jc is the cricket right and so that's southern u.s slang for jesus christ by the way so in
01:03:52.440 pinocchio jesus christ is a cricket which is very peculiar and to say the least even though you'll swallow it
01:03:59.000 so to speak without even noticing he shows you a book so you're being taught by a cricket named
01:04:03.980 jiminy cricket who's an analog of jesus christ to look at a leather-bound book and in the picture
01:04:09.860 there's a nativity scene with a star and that's when pinocchio is born so that ties that means that
01:04:15.540 there's an association between pinocchio and the divine hero and the divine hero is always threatened
01:04:20.940 at birth like moses was uh and and and and and pinocchio is of course a wooden-headed naive puppet
01:04:27.780 who's a marionette right he's nothing at birth but he could be something and so then geppetto puts a
01:04:34.600 mouth on him so to give him a voice and then goes to bed and has a wish dream like and that and that's
01:04:42.300 when the movie becomes even more deeply symbolic but what geppetto does is wish on a star now stars are
01:04:48.400 very interesting from a metaphorical perspective because a star is something that glimmers in the
01:04:54.840 night right it's a source of light in the darkness and if you go outside and you look up in the stars
01:05:00.800 then you're you're confronting infinity in some sense and it's actually been a real catastrophe for
01:05:06.620 people i think to be enveloped in light pollution because one of the primordial experiences of mankind
01:05:11.500 is to go out at night and to look up into the vastness of space and to confront infinity right i mean
01:05:18.120 you could do that every night and now it's like two stars in a kind of an orange sky but but so so
01:05:23.840 the star is also associated with infinity and then it's associated with the idea of lifting your eyes
01:05:30.040 above the horizon you know so if you have a proximal goal then you're not very noble-minded but if you
01:05:34.860 have a distal goal that forces you to lift your eyes above the horizon then you have a noble goal
01:05:40.160 it's like a meta goal and a meta goal is a goal that enables you to achieve all sorts of sub goals at
01:05:45.080 the same time right so if you have a good goal for your life it means that pursuing that goal will
01:05:51.040 help you in a bunch of ways simultaneously and that's what you want if you're going to aim at
01:05:56.200 something you might as well aim at something that works in a large way across a large scale of time
01:06:01.720 and so what you might say is that the thing that you should aim at most is the way that you should
01:06:06.720 act that would solve the most problems at the same time over the longest period of time for the
01:06:10.560 largest number of people it's something like that and i do think that our ethical systems and i think
01:06:15.820 this is coded in our religious stories essentially our ethical systems are attempts using our dreamlike
01:06:21.940 intuition to build up structures of ethics that have exactly and to provide us with aims that have
01:06:26.700 exactly that purpose even though we don't necessarily understand what we're doing because
01:06:31.160 it's so complicated but anyways geppetto has an aim and what he does is aim at a star now you think too
01:06:37.340 the other thing about stars is that human beings have always used stars to orient themselves in the
01:06:41.580 world to actually find direction right because well once people figured out the north star they mapped
01:06:47.460 the constellations they figured out the north star which was a stable point at night they could orient
01:06:52.080 themselves in space and once they figured out how the stars changed across the seasons then they
01:06:57.760 could orient themselves in time so it's actually the case that if you consult the stars you can orient
01:07:01.900 yourself in time and space and so that's another reason why you might look to the heavens and so
01:07:06.280 that's why geppetto wishes upon a star and what he does when he wishes upon a star is that he hopes
01:07:10.860 that the thing that he's created can become genuine can become autonomous and real and that's the
01:07:17.240 highest of aims and that's exactly right and so then this this transformation story that's associated
01:07:24.220 with pinocchio is a story of of that coming to be right pinocchio has to fight against deceit
01:07:29.720 because that's a major temptation that's why his nose grows he has to fight against being a neurotic
01:07:34.460 victim because the cat and the fox convince him to shirk his duties because he's sick and he needs a
01:07:40.340 holiday on pleasure island it's like his university advertisement essentially are you sick and
01:07:45.340 victimized come to pleasure island our university will allow you to extend your adolescence for four
01:07:50.660 years with no responsibility and all you have to do is sacrifice your entire financial future to
01:07:55.200 our administrators what a deal so pinocchio has to go through these these sequence of temptations
01:08:10.780 right and he turns into a brain jackass as a consequence of his pleasure seeking victimization
01:08:16.200 it's like jesus you just can't make this stuff up it's absolutely amazing that that was coded in a movie
01:08:21.280 like 70 years ago so and then strangely enough the the in the in the climax scene he has to go to the
01:08:28.620 bottom of the world to rescue his father from a whale right and that's the thing that transforms him
01:08:34.260 finally into an autonomous individual and it's a very strange thing too and i did figure out more about
01:08:39.160 what that meant in the last few weeks so thought so here's a cool this is so cool this really took me
01:08:44.620 like 30 years to figure out that why in the world would your father be resting in a beast at the
01:08:51.160 bottom of the abyss what could that possibly mean and this is a bit of a side trip but that's okay
01:08:56.380 we'll take it anyways um we know that you grow in strength in proportion to your willingness to
01:09:03.400 voluntarily confront sequential challenges okay everybody follows that right and that's what you
01:09:08.340 do with a kid if you want to make the kid grow it's like well here's a little challenge
01:09:11.380 you can't do it yet or if you do do it it's going to stretch you out right it's a bit beyond your
01:09:16.820 capacity it's in the zone of proximal development that's a that's a uh uh what would you say a a way
01:09:24.960 of being that was characterized by a russian psychologist named vygotsky what he observed was
01:09:29.460 that adults tended to speak to their their infant children at a level of linguistic complexity that was
01:09:35.440 slightly above their level of comprehension and they did that automatically so when you're training
01:09:40.760 your child to talk which you do unconsciously you talk to them using vocabulary that's a little
01:09:45.660 more complex they can actually understand and that pulls them along that's the zone so that's
01:09:51.080 where the idea of the zone comes in you're in the zone it's the zone of proximal development
01:09:54.420 you're optimally challenging yourself and that's where the meaning is okay so we know that if you
01:09:59.260 optimally challenge yourself you develop and then the question is well what do you develop into
01:10:03.780 and the answer to that is something like well you develop into what you could be
01:10:07.840 and the question is well what could you be and the answer to that is something like well you could
01:10:14.160 be the full revelation of your potential and some of that's ancestral potential because you're actually
01:10:19.240 in some sense you're three and a half billion years old right because life is continuous and so
01:10:25.960 there's potential locked inside of you in all sorts of different ways and the way that you call that
01:10:31.540 potential forward is by challenging yourself and say well how much should you challenge yourself
01:10:37.560 and the answer that might be well it depends on what you want to call forward the more you want
01:10:42.640 to call forward out of yourself the more you should challenge yourself okay so what's the ultimate
01:10:47.600 challenge what's to look into the abyss and so what's the abyss well maybe that's mortality that that would
01:10:55.120 be part of it maybe that's malevolence as well let's say suffering and evil that'll do the trick
01:11:02.020 that's the abyss and what's in the abyss is the predator that lurks so what happens if you gaze
01:11:08.680 forth rightly on the predator in the abyss that lurks and this is the theme of pinocchio
01:11:12.800 you discover your ancestral father why because if you voluntarily take on the heaviest load that you
01:11:20.420 can possibly bear then you'll call forth from within you that which you could be and that's equivalent
01:11:26.340 to the ancestral father and that's the story of pinocchio it's like just i was so happy to figure
01:11:31.660 that out i couldn't figure that i thought what the hell's going on here why is the father trapped in
01:11:36.300 the belly of the whale it's a fire-breathing dragon in pinocchio why does that make sense because it does
01:11:41.160 make sense to us well that's why it's like and then it's and it's a very optimistic idea right because
01:11:47.640 if you go down to the depths as far as you can go down to the depths of suffering and evil
01:11:52.860 you can find out who you are and what you find out is that you're the thing that can transcend
01:11:57.980 suffering and malevolence and so that that's so interesting too because it's it's an inversion
01:12:03.240 of pessimism you know because you might say well if you're thinking that life has no point no aim
01:12:08.220 has no meaning the reason you think that is because of suffering and evil essentially because if those
01:12:13.420 didn't exist you wouldn't be questioning it's like well what the hell is going on here it's like
01:12:17.440 well life is rife with suffering and and it's made worse by malevolence and that makes things seem
01:12:22.800 pointless i know there's other reasons why they might seem pointless but those are major reasons
01:12:26.620 it's like well what should you do about that run from it no it gets bigger and you get smaller turn
01:12:32.100 and face it voluntarily what happens you discover your ancestral father in the belly of the beast
01:12:37.620 and that means that you start to become who you could be and then the question is who could you be
01:12:41.800 and the answer is you could be the thing that transcends suffering and malevolence and so it's so
01:12:46.620 interesting that's the same and i think that's the same in some sense is wishing on the star because
01:12:50.860 that's the light that beckons in the darkness right that's the ultimate light that beckons in
01:12:54.880 the darkness and so if you don't pull away from the darkness if you can confront it it's your worst
01:13:01.640 fear carl jung said in sterquilinus inventur he derived that from the alchemical literature what you
01:13:07.160 want most will be found where you least want to look that's the hero story in and of itself why
01:13:12.580 because what you can be will not reveal itself unless you challenge yourself out maximally and then the
01:13:18.640 question is well what is it that can reveal itself within you and the answer to that is
01:13:21.920 terrible as suffering and malevolence is and i would say that's it's ultimately terrible in some
01:13:27.840 sense there's something in you that's more powerful than that and so out of that terrible pessimism and
01:13:33.900 that's the pessimism that can be generated by by forthright contemplation of the terror of hunger
01:13:39.100 and privation and the absolutely cataclysmic consequences of human malevolence the more you
01:13:44.420 understand that the more you understand that that's something that you can not only face but
01:13:48.840 also transcend and by transcend i mean two things i mean fix i mean deal with i mean lesson right
01:13:55.760 because you can you can reduce suffering and you can constrain malevolence and you can start with
01:13:59.680 yourself and so you can do it practically but also it works psychologically because there isn't anything
01:14:04.500 more meaningful than that and so that's the proper aim that's the proper aim and so that's what you hunt
01:14:10.640 for if you're a real hunter is that proper aim right that's what you're taking aim at and that's a bit
01:14:16.600 of a description of how that great ethic of aim and meta aim emerged from those that underlying biological
01:14:24.180 platform how it's how it's written into us in some sense so thank you
01:14:30.240 good thing we've got john along yeah that whole on thing man that's a that's a killer
01:14:47.560 i'm an old pro my friend an old pro uh all right well before we dive into any of these since you know
01:14:54.240 we did about 45 shows together or so and we took about a month and a half off here
01:14:58.020 and uh it's good to be back right like you seemed like very sharp jordan peterson tonight
01:15:04.420 what what does jordan peterson do when he's not working eat steak
01:15:09.920 i spend lots of time with my family really that's mostly what i'm doing right what well that's really
01:15:17.800 mostly what i've done ever since i've had kids and got married i would say is you know although i
01:15:22.260 spend a bunch of time with my parents i spend a bunch of time with tammy's family
01:15:25.360 um her sister is going to be traveling with us for the next while i spend a lot of time with my
01:15:32.240 kids i have a new granddaughter she's 13 months old so it's good to spend time with her um
01:15:37.560 and i spend a lot of time i spent quite a bit of time writing i think i've written
01:15:43.820 10 000 words or something like that in the last month and some of that i've you know i've been laying
01:15:49.040 out some of what i've been thinking about tonight that's all being woven in one way or another into
01:15:54.220 the next book i didn't get a real chance to talk about hierarchies tonight which is too bad i mean
01:16:00.040 hierarchy is the way that those meta aims are instantiated in a social context right they're
01:16:04.680 not hierarchies of power they're hierarchies of competence that's a very important thing to know
01:16:09.560 too and so that's something i really want to work out more and more because a lot of the critique of
01:16:14.880 our society especially from the radical left is that western society is a corrupt tyrannical
01:16:20.680 patriarchy something like that based on power it's like well it's not corrupt compared to most
01:16:26.380 cultures and to all cultures throughout history it's actually pretty damn honest it's actually not
01:16:31.700 based on power except when it becomes corrupt it's based on competence competence is the ability to do a
01:16:37.420 job that needs to be done well jobs that need to be done ameliorate suffering and constrain malevolence
01:16:43.500 and so everyone agrees that they need to be done so the idea that hierarchies in and of themselves are
01:16:49.960 are um what would you call them need to be torn down and replaced by completely flat structures is
01:16:57.160 it's an insane idea it's an it lit it's it it it is absolute it's based on an absolute misapprehension
01:17:04.000 of the way the world works of course for the post-modernists there's no actual world so it doesn't matter
01:17:08.580 but so those are the sorts of so what i've done in my time off is spent a lot of time with my family
01:17:14.820 um i've done quite a lot of swimming and a bit of canoeing and uh some reading and a fair bit of
01:17:23.240 writing and a lot of thinking and clarification trying to weave all these things together you know
01:17:28.700 because i'm trying to get everything to come together in this sort of musical way and i'm hoping
01:17:34.460 in my next book so the plan is i want to make the next book i write better than this book i just wrote
01:17:39.360 because i don't want to publish it otherwise it's got to be better and it should extend the thinking
01:17:44.780 that i've done and and make it more elegant and more beautiful and more coherent and more useful all
01:17:50.040 of that and so i i'm thinking all the time about how that might be done and and some of that you know
01:17:56.700 some of that i went through tonight so and that went pretty well i think so jordan peterson swimming
01:18:02.620 sounds like a great youtube channel what do you think when did jordan peterson become a middle-aged
01:18:10.560 male fashion icon um well i'm just reading them i could tell that story well you know
01:18:20.720 in when i when i decided to do this tour so what happened last year is that i did these biblical
01:18:31.980 lectures and we decided to rent a theater to see what would happen and what happened was everybody
01:18:39.160 came to the theater and there was about 500 seats and it sold out all 15 and i thought oh that's
01:18:43.820 pretty interesting who would have guessed that then i went to london and my publishers penguin in london
01:18:50.440 rented a theater of i think 500 600 something like that it sold out in like two minutes so they
01:18:56.180 rented another one of 1500 and it sold out virtually instantly and then i was invited to amsterdam and
01:19:03.540 it sold out and i thought oh that's weird um it looks like i could rent a theater wherever i wanted to
01:19:13.000 and it would sell out and i thought well that's interesting better do something about that and then
01:19:20.280 when i so so and at the same time caa creative artist agency so there's this agency in la called
01:19:26.940 creative artist agency and they represent they represent most of the people that you'd be
01:19:32.280 familiar with in the entertainment world and fortunately they contacted me at about the same
01:19:38.840 time because i think i rented a theater in la by myself and that didn't go that very well yeah that
01:19:43.620 was the orpheum well it didn't go so well with the people i was renting because i phoned them up i said
01:19:47.340 well i'm a professor from toronto and i'd like to rent your theater they thought like we've got a
01:19:53.520 crooked narcissist on the line here you know so so they were very skeptical about about that and and
01:19:59.740 of course i didn't have the connections to do the rentals property and all properly and all that but
01:20:03.560 they did rent it to me and it did sell out so that worked fine but caa showed up and also live nation
01:20:09.300 who's been organizing this tour and so we we talked and started selling venues or renting venues and
01:20:18.580 they were the tickets were going quickly and so then i thought oh that's interesting i'm going to be
01:20:24.780 able to go around the world and talk to people and i thought well i better do that right and i thought
01:20:30.980 well i should probably dress properly and so then i was i was reading my my 12 rules for life book
01:20:39.340 um for penguin well reading it aloud i actually knew what it said since i've written it and everything
01:20:46.300 although you'd be amazed at why you forget you know but jordan reads me a chapter of the book every
01:20:51.840 night before the show it's very nice it's how dave goes to sleep at night so so anyways i was reading
01:20:58.840 it out loud for for audible and uh the guy that was the sound engineer or the no he was the voice coach
01:21:05.640 so he would listen and then if i made a mistake he would tell me and i'd reread it he was very well
01:21:10.520 dressed and i thought oh look he's very well dressed he probably knows something about clothes
01:21:15.180 it was quite market you know so i talked to him a bunch about about clothes and he recommended this
01:21:20.400 place in toronto and so i went there and i let them i they let them provide me with two suits which
01:21:28.480 were way too expensive and i just felt terrible about it i thought jesus you should nobody in their
01:21:32.520 right mind should ever buy a suit for that much money that's just completely insane but i thought
01:21:37.280 no way man i'm gonna it was a nice suit my daughter liked it everybody approved of it i thought no i'm
01:21:43.620 i'm trying to do this right i'm gonna do everything i possibly can to do this as right as i can i thought
01:21:50.140 well i'm gonna be in front of a hundred thousand people it's like buy buy a good suit so i did i bought
01:21:55.840 a couple of them and i bought a couple more and it was actually a good idea i would have never
01:22:00.480 guessed it but but i did write in my rules you know the original list of 40 dress like the person
01:22:06.980 you want to become and so that seems right so that's the story man this is a new one for the occasion
01:22:17.840 i just so what do you think is it good yeah one of the things one of the things that's been fun
01:22:24.320 is that a lot of people who come to these talks the young guys younger guys especially dress up and
01:22:29.460 so i've seen lots of people in suits and that's pretty fun it's like look at that people are
01:22:33.940 dressing like adults they've been dressing like like 10 year olds that have been inflated with a
01:22:39.100 bicycle pump since 1967 so you go to washington that's exactly what it looks like you see the 10
01:22:46.340 year olds they've got shorts on and ugly t-shirts and then their dads exactly the same except pumped up
01:22:52.680 with a bicycle pump yeah so you know i mean washington is a very hot swamp so it's not surprising but
01:22:59.840 still it's not i think it's a mistake i think it's a mistake for people to dress like children
01:23:05.860 you didn't think you weren't going to get a serious answer there did you
01:23:16.920 the real question is did you get your shoes in rochester because i did okay those are nice man
01:23:22.640 there you go can you talk about what it means to be ideologically possessed is there some kind of
01:23:30.080 diagnostic that i can use to tell whether i'm possessed by an idea that is not my own
01:23:36.300 i i don't know if there's a diagnostic you can use yeah yeah there is there is so there's well
01:23:46.540 there's i was thinking about it two ways one was it's very difficult to listen to someone who's
01:23:52.620 ideologically possessed because it gets droney very quickly and the reason that it's not interesting is
01:23:58.620 because well it's it's it's not interesting you can hear it from everyone like i'll give you an
01:24:03.580 example i went and saw john cleese at uh in toronto and i really wanted to go see john cleese i think
01:24:09.960 he's damn funny i really liked monty python when i was a kid and well an adult too and you know and
01:24:15.240 they made some amazing movies and it was interesting to listen to him talk when he talked about the life
01:24:20.800 of brian and about uh um the killer rabbit and all those sorts of things and and you know those were
01:24:27.400 stories that only john cleese could tell and so they were fascinating because he brought all of his
01:24:33.460 accrued wisdom and his wit and he conjoined that with his personal experience and he said things
01:24:38.720 that no one else could say and so he was fascinating but then he talked about trump for 10 minutes and it
01:24:43.780 was like john cleese talking about trump is actually no more interesting than any of you talking about
01:24:49.580 trump it's just it's just not interesting and it's because he moved out of the domain of the
01:24:57.260 conjunction of his personal experience and his and his genius let's say and into the ideological domain
01:25:04.180 and it could have been anyone it it didn't have to be john cleese saying those things it could have
01:25:09.460 been anyone and you can tell that in many political discussions it's like i could just replace this
01:25:14.700 ideologue with this other ideologue and they'd say the same thing i really learned to become aware of
01:25:19.980 that from reading solzhenitsyn's gulag archipelago because he talked a lot about he had a moral
01:25:24.860 conundrum when he was locked in the gulag concentration camps and the conundrum was
01:25:30.060 what do you do with the communists because now and then frequently really radical communists would
01:25:36.740 get thrown into the camps because of course under stalin well under the communists in general
01:25:41.540 everybody got thrown into the camps communists socialists students you if you were human
01:25:48.160 it's camp for you buddy and so and you know being thrown into a camp was no joke and you think well
01:25:55.340 you get imprisoned unjustly the proper response should be compassion but then these radical communists
01:26:04.320 would get thrown in and they would still be radical communists and so socialists didn't know what to do
01:26:08.240 with them it's like are you a perpetrator are you a are you an innocent victim you're some weird amalgam
01:26:16.180 of both so how do i treat you and his answer was like a perpetrator until you wake up and you stop
01:26:24.860 spouting the nonsense and you start coming to grips with the reality of your life and you start making
01:26:29.580 you start you start being a personal like individual right someone that because one of the things i
01:26:36.500 noticed as a clinician is i really loved being a clinical psychologist it was as good as being
01:26:41.120 engrossed in a great novel and sometimes the con but sometimes the conversations would get dull and my
01:26:47.280 attention would wander and i think oh i'm doing this wrong if my attention is wandering then i'm doing it
01:26:52.520 wrong because if i'm actually talking to this person and we're on the thin path of truth then it'd be
01:26:59.500 absolutely engrossing and that was the case if you're speaking and you're boring yourself
01:27:06.400 and you feel weak and stupid and ashamed and like you're sacrificing your good name and that
01:27:14.760 people's attention is being distracted it's like it might be that you're not there and if you're not
01:27:23.000 there then something has control of your voice right remember in pinocchio that pinocchio is turned
01:27:28.620 into brain jackass just before he's enslaved just be that's the risk of enslavement that's the next
01:27:34.720 thing because when he becomes a full jackass then he's packed off to this salt mines i think by the
01:27:40.280 dark fascist slave drivers that are in the background it's very very uncanny that part of the movie but
01:27:47.600 it's exactly right so one of the something i've suggested to people online is listen to what you're
01:27:57.820 saying and if it makes you weak stop saying it and you can feel it i learned this from carl rogers as
01:28:05.060 well because rogers was very interested he's a clinician very interested in this idea of something
01:28:10.860 like psychophysiological integrity and so he believed that if you were having a conversation
01:28:17.920 with someone that was therapeutic and so it was treading this thin line of truth then you were sort
01:28:22.660 of lined up physically and mentally all of you was pointing in the same direction like a piece of
01:28:28.320 music points in the same direction and that you could feel when there was disharmony and that was
01:28:33.920 a sign that you weren't being genuine and i think that's true and you can really learn to feel that
01:28:39.580 and it's it's an uncanny thing to learn though because and i've had students report this to me too
01:28:45.100 when i first started to learn that i noticed that i felt weak when i talked about 95 of the time
01:28:53.220 because almost everything i said was false in some way you know maybe i was trying to appear smart or i
01:29:00.760 was trying to win an argument or i was trying to demonstrate what i knew i guess that's the same as
01:29:05.960 trying to appear smart there was some ulterior motive that was driving my speech instead of just the
01:29:12.880 requirement to say what appeared to be true and so i've practiced since i was about 25 24 to only say
01:29:22.440 things that i believe to be true and and and then to see what happens right and well and those are the
01:29:30.560 sources that was partly from reading solzhenitsyn partly from reading jung because jung believed that
01:29:34.540 psychotherapy in its fundamental essence was a moral endeavor an ethical endeavor and partly from reading
01:29:40.980 rogers who was a good practical guide to this sort of the psychophysiology of of speech so how much of
01:29:49.500 that do you feel when you're doing these talks when you're really in the groove because i can notice on
01:29:53.540 certain nights when i think you're really like tonight and we haven't been doing this for a while i felt
01:29:57.720 like you were really really sharp but there are moments where it like really tightens up yeah well
01:30:02.220 moments when i see you exploring well there's other things too like it you know the the depth that you
01:30:07.980 can reach is also dependent to some degree on your state of mental and physical health you know and
01:30:13.260 so i haven't been at my sharpest this whole tour you know tonight was parts of tonight were good i was
01:30:19.760 i was cooking tonight you know i things were snapping along pretty nicely and
01:30:24.480 but i think i think some of it's because like i've the last two years have been very
01:30:34.000 um challenging let's say and i've got very deep into the social media world and some of that's not
01:30:43.100 been very good for me i've really pulled back from twitter in the last month twitter is really toxic
01:30:47.820 man it's it's rough and so um i think i think putting a bit of a barrier between myself and
01:30:57.280 and the constant barrage of unbelievably vitriolic comments is surprise surprise is somewhat useful
01:31:06.480 like it's taken me a long time to figure out what to do because you know i have 800 000 twitter followers
01:31:11.240 and so you think well you have some responsibility to communicate with all those people because that's
01:31:15.180 a lot of people and maybe there's some good that can come out of it and like these new technologies
01:31:19.360 are very very complex spaces spaces to negotiate and how much you should be in them and how much
01:31:25.400 you should be out of them is very difficult to determine but i pulled myself back a reasonable
01:31:30.300 amount in the last month and we haven't been traveling as much and so i think i got some rest and so
01:31:35.060 i'm probably a little more alert and with it than i have been and maybe less stressed by and you know
01:31:42.100 you said you were gone for a month but probably there's been a bunch of hit pieces written and
01:31:45.960 they're actually starting to dwindle you know and more of the pieces like there was a piece written
01:31:51.120 about me the other day in politico and it was pretty positive it was they didn't muck about with it they
01:31:55.320 mostly wrote what i said in the interview and the atlantic came out with a pretty positive piece and i was
01:32:01.160 on dr oz yesterday by the way um so we taped three podcasts yesterday so we talked for about four hours
01:32:09.120 so i was pretty much done by the end of that um it was a it was more of a marathon than rogan and
01:32:17.100 i'm going back on the 12th to do a live show with him and so that's an entry point into a much more
01:32:24.820 mainstream audience essentially his his demographic is basically women over 50 and so i wouldn't say
01:32:31.460 that's a group that has been assiduously following me but it's nice group to be able to communicate with
01:32:38.640 and so the the hopefully the tide is turning right we'll see we'll see
01:32:47.760 well here's a good segue from uh women over 50 you can change someone's life right now as a 13 year
01:32:59.860 old what is the best piece of advice to give me to ensure that i maintain a stable healthy life
01:33:07.480 you want to yell for a second so jordan can kind of look at you
01:33:11.080 clap twice if it's you there we go all right there you go well i can basically localize you in the
01:33:18.100 audience then
01:33:18.860 i i don't think that you can ever be given a better piece of advice than to tell the truth
01:33:27.640 and if you could start if you could start practicing that now then you might get really
01:33:40.860 good at it and then you'll be really something because there's nothing more impressive than
01:33:45.880 someone who's articulate who can tell the truth that and there's nothing more potent than that
01:33:51.660 now what that means is you might have to take some knocks in the short term because you know people
01:33:56.940 aren't necessarily that happy when you point out things that everybody knows to be true but that
01:34:03.180 no one wants to talk about now but i would also caution you like it's not an easy thing you can't
01:34:08.640 just blurt out what you think that's not the same thing as telling the truth right because you have
01:34:13.120 to orient yourself right in the world you have to be aiming at something you have to be aiming at
01:34:17.220 something good you want to have you want things to be better than they are and then use truth in
01:34:23.600 the service of that so it's like truth in the service of love i think those are the fundamental
01:34:27.520 elements of christian ethics by the way is there's some relationship between truth and love and love
01:34:32.040 is the desire for things to be better than they are and that's that's not an easy desire you know
01:34:36.980 because people get vengeful and and and vicious and malevolent and cruel and they want harm
01:34:43.280 they want to produce harm to themselves and to others and it's a universal human tendency it's a
01:34:48.200 very difficult thing to constrain so you have to want things to be better and then you have to use
01:34:53.440 truth in the service of that but those are if you can manage that if you can start when you're 13 man
01:35:00.340 that'd be something you know because there's there's a lot of call for adolescents to be false
01:35:05.900 to go along with the crowd and all of that and you have to be you have to be socialized you have to
01:35:10.920 make friends like it's important to figure out how to fit in but you don't want to sacrifice your
01:35:15.340 soul to fit in you want to retain it and so watch what you say watch what you write be careful with
01:35:25.180 your language watch how you communicate and and tell the truth that's the best thing you got going for
01:35:31.540 you you think about it if you tell the truth then you have reality on your side that's a good that's a
01:35:40.900 alternative
01:35:41.520 what does it say about the state of the world that the world seems to need you right now
01:35:57.860 yeah that's terrifying
01:35:59.860 well look
01:36:04.660 i wouldn't say it's me like you have to be very careful this is something i learned from carl jung
01:36:13.040 for exactly it's exactly relevant to this question he wrote a paper called relations between the ego
01:36:20.580 and the unconscious and it's it's a very strange paper like many of the things that carl jung wrote
01:36:26.500 and it's about the danger of ego inflation and so you know i've been rose to notoriety or
01:36:36.320 public i'm a known public figure let's say and what i say has a certain amount of influence and
01:36:45.660 i could attribute that to me
01:36:49.440 but you see that's not that's not the right way of thinking about it
01:36:55.280 because
01:36:56.820 well you don't if you're a musician you don't if you're a musician and you're playing
01:37:02.660 a great piece you don't attribute the music to you precisely you know
01:37:06.660 it's like you're part of something maybe you're you're part of how that is expressed
01:37:12.060 so i'm i'm part of the process by which archetypal ideas are expressed but i am not the ideas
01:37:19.760 and to confuse yourself with the ideas is to court insanity
01:37:24.780 hitler confused himself with the ideas that's a bad idea
01:37:29.940 it's like you know here's another way of thinking about it i wrote about this in 12 rules
01:37:36.220 every superhero has a has a what do you what do you call that it's like peter parker and spider-man
01:37:44.740 what is it it's well no no his his his his his alter ego right well you don't know who the alter
01:37:51.020 ego is you don't know if it's peter parker or spider-man right but there's no spider-man without
01:37:54.980 peter parker there can't be and there's no superman without clark kent like and there's
01:38:00.300 actually a psychological truth there so that's the relationship between the ego and the self
01:38:04.340 okay and the self is the superordinate it's it's it's that which you could be if you were everything
01:38:11.160 you could be and there's something divine about it in in a real sense it's the sum total of human
01:38:17.180 potential insofar as that can be manifested in an individual so it's it's it's it's like the genie
01:38:22.720 that's another way of thinking about it because genie is is associated with the root word for
01:38:26.460 genius and that's it's like the brahman and the atman in hindu philosophy so there's the there's the
01:38:34.080 you that's just you and then there's the you that's that's that's that's part of the divinity of being
01:38:40.520 human and you need both of those and you want to identify with the first one not not the not the
01:38:47.200 divinity of human part you want to identify with you you're you these other things can make
01:38:53.520 themselves manifest through you in some sense but you do not take you have to keep yourself
01:39:00.060 separated jung used the the image of the earth and the sun the earth should not fall into the sun
01:39:06.100 it rotates around the sun that's like the proper relationship between you and and god in some sense
01:39:11.760 it's like there's there's a relationship there but that doesn't make you god and you have to never
01:39:19.460 forget that right it's you have to keep that that's humility you're you're faulty and flawed and you make
01:39:27.600 mistakes and you keep your damn feet on the ground and if you don't you're going to get you're going
01:39:31.740 to get flattened and this is another thing that keeps my feet on the ground is like the degree to which
01:39:37.580 you will be flattened is proportionate to the danger of the game that you're playing
01:39:41.680 right and so i've been very careful i'm careful with what i say i try to be very careful and i try
01:39:47.940 not to put myself in situations where i'm unlikely to be careful so um and the reason for that is that
01:39:57.200 i'm not interested in being flattened and that's a that's a high probability event and so well so i don't
01:40:04.740 think that people need me what everyone needs is to reunite with the the father in the abyss let's
01:40:14.900 say that's what everybody needs and i'm trying to do that for myself and i'm communicating that to
01:40:21.260 everyone else to the best of my ability but it's part of a universal pattern and that pattern isn't me
01:40:27.480 not personally you know it's it's transpersonal and so you you stay away from that it's like you
01:40:33.440 don't you can cook something on a fire but you don't dance in the fire you know you burn that way
01:40:39.980 and that's that's not good so what do you think about the part of us that wants to be flattened
01:40:45.340 because as you were saying this i was thinking about about two years ago when milo was at the peak
01:40:49.700 of his success he said to me after we finished an interview he said dave this won't last forever i'm
01:40:56.880 going to destroy myself oh yeah and i knew he was telling me the truth yeah it was inevitable
01:41:01.040 you could see that with milo i felt really bad when that happened actually because i watched him
01:41:06.080 and i thought there's just no way this person can exist he's too full of contradictions like no one
01:41:11.680 can pull that off there's just too many a gay english jew flamboyant trickster darling of the
01:41:20.840 republicans it's like no one can pull that off yeah yeah and you know and then he
01:41:26.840 he'd been and and he and there were things about him that weren't ironed out and that's what brought
01:41:31.960 him down because he talked about what happened to him when he was a kid right he got seduced by
01:41:37.300 someone much older and in a position of authority and he didn't want to play himself off his victim
01:41:41.980 and and good for him but jesus he was 14 now when milo looked at that i listened to what he said very
01:41:48.900 very carefully and with the clinician's eye he said well i was i was a willing participant
01:41:55.220 it's like fair enough i can see why you don't want to play the victim card
01:42:02.400 but you were 14 and now you're 30 and you're still you haven't separated yourself from the 14 year old
01:42:13.680 you haven't you don't see that 14 year old from the perspective of an adult it's like something
01:42:19.280 i'll tell you a story a funny story a strange story it's not funny at all it's a strange story
01:42:23.920 so i had this client years ago and she came i only saw her once and she came in to see me and she said
01:42:30.520 i was sexually abused by my brother when i was five and so she told me what happened and i'd kind of
01:42:39.080 built this image of her brother in my imagination while she told the story and i thought 16 17 something
01:42:45.980 like that she didn't tell me how old she was she just said she was a kid i said well how old were
01:42:50.700 you she said well i was i was four i think she said i said well how old was your brother well he was six
01:42:57.280 and i thought oh well i know how to deal with this to some degree it's like
01:43:02.240 you weren't sexually molested by your brother you were two very badly supervised children
01:43:09.660 right because part of her was still four and a six-year-old is an adult for a four-year-old
01:43:16.780 but a six-year-old isn't an adult you know and it was so it was such an interesting interchange
01:43:22.060 because she walked away better now i'm not saying she was that it fixed what had happened to her
01:43:26.260 because it didn't but the memory of being assaulted by someone in authority is much ameliorated when
01:43:36.660 you're 30 and you realize that one of you was four and the other was six it's a whole different story
01:43:42.740 you know but you you can't have that story until you're 30 and it's so weird too because she the past
01:43:49.420 changed on her it's like well how can the past change it's fixed it's like well it's not as fixed as
01:43:54.660 you think it's like what happens now can change the past so strangely milo is like and he talked
01:44:02.720 about this and then people went after him for for justifying child sex with children something like
01:44:09.020 that which i thought was i thought that was really unfair because i thought i could see how confused he
01:44:14.420 was ethically and then he also said well this sort of thing is relatively common practice in the
01:44:19.000 homosexual community you know the relationship between an older guy and a younger guy and so like that
01:44:23.700 was just the combination of those two things you know making making because it sounded like it
01:44:30.600 sounded a like a justification for pedophilia and be like an assault on the gay community well that
01:44:35.780 just sunk him and people were waiting to take him down but i thought it was terribly unfortunate
01:44:40.580 in some sense because he's a remarkable person you know for all his strange for his all his
01:44:47.440 strangeness he's a remarkable person and what happened to him when he was a kid hurt him and
01:44:52.460 bent him up and he doesn't know how or why and and that certainly was part of what drove him to take
01:44:58.680 himself down when he said that himself i mean he said that after he had those initial experiences that
01:45:04.360 he just was drugs and alcohol for the next six years or whatever i don't remember the exact parameters of
01:45:11.760 the story so yeah all right one more unfortunately only time for one more let me get a good one here
01:45:22.240 all right we'll help one other person out right now how would you deal with the dragon who happens
01:45:31.680 to be my roommate who refuses to clean his room or do the dishes or take out the trash or mow the lawn
01:45:38.160 physical violence is good night everybody
01:45:45.200 you want a better one oh um i don't know that's not a bad question it's the but i don't think it's
01:45:56.100 the right question the right question might be what are the circumstances that require you to put up
01:46:02.500 with that it's like because the first thing i would do if we were sitting down talking is i would say well
01:46:07.840 can you change them no can you move well that's the next thing to do is like let's walk through
01:46:16.600 what it would take you to move because sometimes the best solution is just to get away because some
01:46:22.680 people another rule that i've been working on is um don't rescue someone who doesn't don't try to
01:46:29.760 rescue someone who doesn't want to be rescued and be very careful about rescuing someone who does
01:46:34.020 like maybe you have a roommate who doesn't want to make things better and then there's nothing you
01:46:40.520 can do about that except example and one manifestation of that example might be just leave you know if
01:46:50.380 you've if you're being treated unfairly then you have an ethical obligation to alter the situation
01:46:58.600 so that you're no longer the recipient of injustice you have an ethical duty to yourself to do that now
01:47:05.700 maybe there are things in your life that make it impossible for you to leave at the moment
01:47:09.240 and but then i can't really offer you any generic advice because what we'd have to do is sit down and
01:47:15.860 figure out i'd have to do a much more detailed analysis of your living situation and your interactions
01:47:22.100 with your roommate to find out the entire story and to start thinking about a strategy that might
01:47:28.120 um that might aid you in your in your negotiations like is it maybe you just can't negotiate i'm not
01:47:35.580 saying that's true by the way because i don't know who you are maybe you can negotiate like mad but
01:47:39.980 there's no way i can tell from the question where the locale of the problem is but the first
01:47:46.540 thing i would explore is like what the hell are you doing there you know leave if you can move
01:47:52.600 somewhere else and and that's just that's the simplest perhaps the simplest solution to the
01:47:57.920 problem perhaps not well on that note i'm on that happy note on that happy note the guy's looking
01:48:06.500 for a new roommate right now anyone looking to uh anybody got an extra room someone who's easy to push
01:48:11.860 around haha he's getting funnier sorry i didn't i didn't mean that but i couldn't resist uh well
01:48:22.020 i'm thrilled that we're kicking this thing up again and we got now we have like another 50 stops and i
01:48:26.260 think we have about 16 in europe and and this thing is truly truly worldwide it's it's awesome and i'm
01:48:32.160 and i'm psyched to be part of it and on that note i'm going to get out of the way and guys make some
01:48:36.480 noise for jordan peterson everybody thank you everyone it was a pleasure to be in rochester
01:48:56.500 so thank you very much for coming
01:48:59.500 good night
01:49:07.140 if you found this conversation meaningful you might think about picking up dad's books maps of meaning
01:49:15.280 the architecture of belief or his newer bestseller 12 rules for life an antidote to chaos both of these
01:49:20.280 works delve much deeper into the topics covered in the jordan b peterson podcast see jordan b peterson
01:49:25.720 dot com for audio ebook and text links or pick up the books at your favorite bookseller i really
01:49:30.980 hope you enjoyed this podcast if you did please leave a rating at apple podcasts a comment or review
01:49:36.780 or share this episode with a friend if you didn't enjoy it keep it to yourself we're still at five
01:49:42.460 stars even though i'm the one doing the intros and the extras next week's episode is another 12 rules
01:49:47.700 for life lecture from westbury new york recorded on september 6th 2018 talk to you next week thanks for
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