The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - Jacob： Wrestling with God

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00:01:12.020 All right, so the last time I was here, many of you were as well, we got halfway through

00:01:33.680 the story of Jacob, and I've been digging underneath the story sporadically since then to try to find

00:01:41.900 out what other themes are being developed, and I've got some things that I think are really

00:01:46.240 interesting to talk about. So we'll get right into it. So I'm going to review a little bit first.

00:01:55.260 So we were talking about Jacob, and I'll re-update his biography a little bit so that we can place

00:02:04.700 ourselves in the proper context before we go on. So his mother, Rebecca, gave birth to twins, and

00:02:11.040 the twins, even in her womb, were struggling for, well, they were struggling, and of course the story

00:02:17.240 is that they were struggling for dominance, the older, or the younger against the older, really,

00:02:21.820 because Jacob, Jacob means usurper, and Rebecca had a, what would you call, a vision from God that said

00:02:31.140 that Jacob would supplant Esau. And so even before her twins were born, they were in a state of

00:02:39.900 competition. And that's a recapitulation of the motif of the hostile brothers, right? It's a very,

00:02:46.180 very, very common mythological motif, and we already saw that really well developed in the story of Cain

00:02:53.440 and Abel, right? And Cain and Abel were essentially the first two human beings, the first two natural-born

00:02:59.060 human beings, and they were instantly locked in a state of enmity, which is symbolic of, first,

00:03:05.780 the enmity that exists within people's psyche, between the part of them, you might say, that's aiming

00:03:12.520 at the light, and the part of them that's aiming at the darkness. And I think that's a reasonable way

00:03:17.260 of portraying it. Obviously, it's a way that's sort of rife with symbolism, but my experience of people,

00:03:25.760 especially when you get to know them seriously, or when they're dealing with serious issues, is that

00:03:31.320 there is quite clearly a part of them that's striving to do well in the world, or even to do good,

00:03:37.720 and another part that's deeply cynical and embittered, that says to hell with it, and is

00:03:43.220 self-destructive, and lashes out, and really aims at making things worse. And so that seems to be a natural

00:03:52.500 part of the human psyche, and that's also reflected in the idea of the fall. And so those ideas are not

00:04:00.400 easily cast away. They're associated with the rise of self-consciousness, right? In the story of the Garden

00:04:06.460 of Eden. And I think that's right, because I do think that our self-consciousness produces that

00:04:12.580 division within us, because more than any other creature, we're intensely aware of our finitude and

00:04:19.420 suffering, and that tends to turn us, at least to some degree, against being itself. You know, I was

00:04:26.080 watching a bunch of protesters in the U.S. last week scream at the sky about Trump, you know? And it was

00:04:37.880 interesting. Like, I thought it was an extraordinarily narcissistic display. But despite that, there's

00:04:44.340 something symbolically appropriate about it. I also, there's a movie I really like, sadly enough, called

00:04:51.420 Fubar. I don't know how many of you have seen that. Yeah, you know that movie, I take it. Yeah, it's about

00:04:59.940 the people I grew up with. So, yeah, that's true, man. I'm telling you, that's true. So the, the guy, the

00:05:07.480 main actor in Fubar, who's quite bright, but completely uncivilized, gets testicular cancer. And there's one

00:05:14.740 great scene where he gets far too drunk, and he's stumbling around the street, you know, in, in a

00:05:19.960 virtually comatose state. And, of course, he's not very thrilled with what's happened

00:05:24.220 to him. And he's shaking his fist at the sky. It's pouring rain, and he's cursing God. And,

00:05:28.700 you know, it's like, well, you can kind of understand his position. So, that kind of reminded

00:05:34.440 me of these people who were yelling at the sky, you know? They were basically, they were

00:05:38.440 dramatizing the idea of, they were enraged at, well, you could say God. Of course, most of them

00:05:44.760 wouldn't say that, but, but they were the ones yelling at the damn sky. I mean, you know?

00:05:50.020 So you gotta, you gotta look at what they're doing, rather than what they say. And they

00:05:53.500 were outraged that being was constructed such that Trump could have arisen as president.

00:05:59.080 And so, well, so this idea, you know, that we can be easily turned against being and work

00:06:05.920 for its destruction is a really, it's a really common, common, common theme. It never goes away.

00:06:11.760 You see it echoed in stories, like with the new Marvel series, for example. You see the enmity

00:06:18.320 between Thor and Loki. That's a good example of the same thing. Or between Batman and the Joker.

00:06:23.120 There's, there's, or Superman and Lex Luthor. These, there, there's these pairs of, uh, hero against

00:06:29.600 villain. That's a really dramatic and easily, what, everyone can understand that dynamic, right?

00:06:37.600 It's a basic plot. And the reason it's a basic plot is because it's true of the battle within

00:06:44.160 our spirits, our own individual spirits. It's true within families because sibling rivalry can be

00:06:49.200 unbelievably brutal. It's true between human beings who are strangers. It's true between

00:06:54.560 groups of people. Like, it's true at every level of analysis. And then, in some sense, it's, it's

00:07:00.960 archetypally true, at least with regards to deep religious symbolism, because you see that echoed

00:07:07.840 in many stories as well. So, I think the clearest representation is probably Christ and Satan.

00:07:12.960 That's the closest to a pure archetype. Although, there's, in the old Egyptian stories, there's

00:07:19.440 Osiris and Seth, or Horus and Seth. And Seth is a precursor to Satan, etymologically. So,

00:07:26.880 it's a very, very common motif. And so, that's what happens again in Rebecca's womb, is that this

00:07:32.240 thing, this idea is played out right away. And the two, the two twins are actually, what would you

00:07:40.400 call it, they're, they have a superordinate destiny, because one of them is destined to become the father

00:07:49.120 of Israel. And, of course, that's a pinnacle moment in the Old Testament, obviously. And, arguably,

00:07:57.200 a pinnacle moment in human history. Now, you know, the degree to which the stories in the Old

00:08:02.320 Testament actually constitute what we would consider empirical history is a matter of debate.

00:08:07.520 But, it doesn't matter in some sense, because, as I mentioned, I think, before in this lecture series,

00:08:14.080 you know, there are, there are forms of fiction that are meta-true, which means that they're not

00:08:22.640 necessarily about a specific individual. Although, I generally think they are based on the life of

00:08:27.360 specific individuals. It's the simplest theory, but who knows, right? But, they're, they're more real than

00:08:34.800 reality itself, because they abstract out the most relevant elements of reality and present them to you.

00:08:41.280 And, that's why you watch fiction. You know, you don't, you want, you want your fiction boiled down,

00:08:45.680 right? You want it boiled down to the essence. That's what makes good fiction. And, that essence is

00:08:51.040 something that's truer than, than plain old truth, if it's handled well. And, so, you know, if you watch a

00:08:58.880 Shakespeare play, half a lifetime of events can go by in a Shakespeare play. And, and it covers, you know, a wide

00:09:06.880 range of scenes and so on. And, and so, it's, it's cut and edited and compressed all at once. But,

00:09:13.840 because of that, it blasts you with, with a kind of emotional and ethical force that, just the mere

00:09:21.520 videotaping of someone's daily life, you know, wouldn't even, wouldn't even come close to approximating.

00:09:27.280 So, and this motif of the hostile brothers, that's a, that's a deep, deep archetypal truth. And,

00:09:40.720 God says to Rachel, two nations are in thy womb, and two manner of people shall be separated from

00:09:45.680 thy bowels, and one people shall be stronger than the other. And the elder shall serve the younger.

00:09:51.120 And so, there's a inversion there, right? Because, as we've discussed,

00:09:58.480 historically speaking, and traditionally speaking, it's the elder son that, to whom the

00:10:03.840 disproportionate blessings flow. There's some truth in that too, even more,

00:10:12.880 what would you say, more empirically, IQ tends to decrease as the number of children in the family

00:10:18.560 increase. The younger, the oldest is the smartest, generally speaking. It isn't clear why that is,

00:10:24.320 but it might be that they get more attention. But who knows? So, those of you who are younger can

00:10:29.600 be very unhappy about that fact.

00:10:31.280 Now, Jacob, okay, so there's another, there's another plot line here too, because

00:10:42.800 Abraham and, and Rebecca

00:10:46.800 are at odds, sorry, Isaac and Rebecca are at odds about the children, right? So there's a,

00:10:53.760 there's an Oedipal twist to it too, because

00:10:57.520 well, Isaac is allied with Esau, who turns out to be the hunter type. So he's your basic

00:11:03.680 rough and tumble character, you know, and he's kind of a wild looking guy,

00:11:08.160 hairy, and he likes to be outside, he lives in tents, he likes to hunt, he's a man's man,

00:11:12.960 that's one way of thinking about it. Whereas Jacob dwells in tents, you know, he doesn't go outside much,

00:11:18.000 he's more, well, maybe he's more introverted, but he's certainly this sort of kid,

00:11:22.640 adolescent, say, who hangs around home. And it, there's some intimation that he's his mother,

00:11:28.640 well, he's clearly his mother's favorite, and with all the advantages and, and I suppose,

00:11:33.200 disadvantages that go along with that. And Isaac and Rebecca don't see eye to eye about who

00:11:40.160 should have predominance among the sons. And Rebecca is quite complicit with Jacob in

00:11:48.400 inverting the social order. So the first thing that happens, that's crooked, is that

00:11:56.160 Esau comes in from hunting, and he's, you know, maybe he's been out for a number of days, and he's

00:12:01.920 ravenous, and he's kind of an impulsive guy, doesn't really seem to think about the long term very much.

00:12:07.840 And Jacob was cooking some lentil stew,

00:12:10.640 too. And Esau wants some of it, and Jacob refuses, and, and then says that he'll trade his,

00:12:19.520 his birthright for it. And Esau agrees, which is a bad deal, right? It's a bad deal. And so you,

00:12:29.200 you could say that Esau actually deserves what's coming to him. Although,

00:12:33.520 at minimum, you'd have to think of them both as being equally culpable. It's a nasty trick. And so,

00:12:42.560 that's Jacob's first trick. And then,

00:12:49.200 the second trick is that, and it's later, and Isaac is old and blind, and, you know, close to death,

00:12:55.920 and it's time for him to bestow a blessing on his sons, which is a very important event,

00:13:01.280 apparently, among these ancient people. And Esau, again, is out hunting, and Rachel dresses Jacob

00:13:10.080 up in a hairy, puts a goat skin on his arms, so he's kind of hairy like Esau, and dresses him in

00:13:16.640 Esau's clothes, so he smells like Esau. And Isaac tells Esau to go out and hunt him up some,

00:13:25.840 some venison, I think it is, and, which is a favorite of his. And Rebecca has Jacob cook up a

00:13:31.680 couple of goat kids, and serve that to Isaac, and play the role of Esau. And so he does that. It's

00:13:40.480 pretty damn nasty, really, all things considered, you know, to play a trick like that, both on your

00:13:46.560 brother, and on your blind father, and in collusion with your mother. It's not the sort of thing that's

00:13:52.400 really designed to promote a lot of familial harmony. And so, especially because you've

00:13:58.320 already screwed him over in a big way once, you know, you'd think, you'd think that would be

00:14:03.200 sufficient. So, anyways, he's successful, and Esau loses his father's blessing. And so that,

00:14:10.560 Jacob ends up really in the position of the firstborn. And it's quite interesting, because,

00:14:15.040 you know, God tells Rachel that Jacob is going to be the dominant twin. And you'd think again,

00:14:20.800 with God's blessing, or at least the prophecy, that Jacob would end up being a good guy.

00:14:26.480 But he's certainly not presented that way to begin with, which is also quite interesting,

00:14:30.640 given that he's the eventual founder of Israel. And it's another indication of the realism of

00:14:35.760 these old stories, you know. And it's quite amazing to me, it's always been quite amazing to me,

00:14:40.560 how unpretified these stories have remained. You know, because you'd think that if you're even

00:14:47.200 the least bit cynical, especially if you had the kind of Marxist, religion is the opiate of the masses

00:14:52.480 kind of viewpoint, which is a credible viewpoint, you know. Although it's wrong, but it's, well,

00:14:59.040 I think it's a shallow interpretation. And a part of the reason I think it's a shallow interpretation is

00:15:05.360 because the stories would be a lot prettier if that was the case. These characters wouldn't have

00:15:11.600 this strange, realistic, moral ambiguity about them. You know, if you're going to feed people a fantasy,

00:15:20.000 then you want it to be like a Harlequin novel, or a greeting card, or something like that. You don't

00:15:26.000 want it to be a story that's full of betrayal, and deceit, and murder, and mayhem, and genocide,

00:15:31.520 and all of that. If that just doesn't seem all that, what would you say? Calming, I guess,

00:15:36.640 would be the right answer. So anyways, Jacob gets away with this, but Esau is not happy, and Jacob is

00:15:45.520 quite convinced that he might kill him. And I think that was a reasonable fear, because Esau was a tough

00:15:50.480 guy, and he was used to being outside, and he knew how to hunt, and he knew how to kill, and he actually

00:15:55.600 wasn't very happy about getting seriously screwed over by his, you know, stay-at-home younger brother

00:16:01.920 twice. And so Jacob runs off, and goes to visit his uncle. And on the way, and this is a very interesting

00:16:08.720 part of the story, he stops, and to sleep, and he takes a stone for a pillow, and then he has this

00:16:16.640 vision. It's called a dream, but the context makes it look like a vision of a ladder reaching up to

00:16:24.400 heaven, and with angels moving up and down the ladder, let's say. And there's some representations

00:16:32.180 of that. I showed you some of them the last time we met, but I'll read it to you first.

00:16:37.420 And he lighted upon a certain place, and tired there all night, because the sun was set. And he took of

00:16:41.420 the stones of that place, and put them for his pillows, and lay down in that place to sleep.

00:16:45.780 And he dreamed, and beheld a ladder set up on the earth. And the top of it reached to heaven,

00:16:51.420 and behold, the angels of God ascending and descending on it. And behold, the Lord stood

00:16:56.300 above it, and said, I am the Lord God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac. The land whereon

00:17:02.500 thou liest, to thee I will give it, and to thy seed. And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth,

00:17:07.540 and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and the south. So that lays out

00:17:12.440 the canonical directions, right? So now there's a center with the canonical directions. Like the

00:17:17.620 thing that you see, you know, that little symbol you see on maps? It's the same thing that symbolically

00:17:22.720 placed upon the earth. So a center has been established with radiating, well, with what? With

00:17:30.080 directional lines radiating from it. So it establishes it as a place.

00:17:36.940 And in the end, thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed. So that's pretty good news

00:17:41.220 for Jacob. And it's not self-evident why God is rewarding him for running away after screwing over

00:17:46.540 his brother. But that seems to be what happens. And so here's a couple of representations, classic

00:17:52.440 representations. The one on the right is William Blake. It's one I particularly like.

00:17:57.660 You know, and Blake assimilates God with the sun and with light, right? So that's quite a common

00:18:07.800 mythological idea, that God is associated with light and the day.

00:18:17.700 And behold, I am with thee and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee

00:18:21.700 again into this land. For I will not leave thee until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of.

00:18:26.700 And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and he said, surely the Lord is in this place, and I knew it

00:18:31.560 not. And he was afraid, which is exactly the right response, and said, how dreadful is this place?

00:18:38.280 It is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven. And Jacob rose up early in

00:18:43.300 the morning and took the stone that he had put for his pillows, and set it up for a pillar, and poured

00:18:47.840 oil on the top of it. And that's a more important thing than you think. And we'll go into that a little

00:18:53.120 bit more deeply, because up to this point in the story, there isn't anything really, there isn't

00:18:58.860 anything that's really emerged to mark a sacred space, right? There's no, there's no cathedral,

00:19:04.020 there's no church, there's nothing like that. But here's this idea that emerges, that you can mark

00:19:08.960 the center of something, that, and that's important, and you mark it with a stone. And a stone's a good way

00:19:15.160 to mark things that, that are important, because a stone is permanent, right? And we mark things with

00:19:19.840 stones now, like we mark graves with stones, for example. Because we want to make a memory,

00:19:24.780 and to carve something into stone, to carve a stone, and then to carve something into stone,

00:19:28.900 is to make a memory, and to use stone, is to make a memory, because stone is permanent.

00:19:34.000 And to set it upright is to, to indicate a center. And so, that's what happens, and pours oil on the

00:19:40.580 top of it, which is a kind of offering. And he called the name of that place Bethel, but the name of the

00:19:45.500 city was called Luzzat, the first. And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, if God will be with me, and will keep

00:19:51.440 me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on,

00:20:01.600 then a tenth of what I earn, I will give him. I missed that. That's interesting, too, because now

00:20:09.220 there's a transformation of sacrifice, right? Because until that point, sacrifices had been

00:20:14.960 pretty concretized. It was the burning of something. Whereas here, all of a sudden, it's

00:20:19.840 the offering of productive labor per se, like a tithe, because a tithe is a form of sacrifice.

00:20:28.400 And so there's an abstraction of the idea of sacrifice. Now, sacrifice, it's really important

00:20:32.980 that the idea of sacrifice gets abstracted, right? Because it should be abstracted to the

00:20:38.800 point where it's used the way that we use it today, which is, you know, we make sacrifices

00:20:43.940 to get ahead, and everyone understands what that means. But the sacrifices are generally

00:20:49.180 some combination of psychological and practical. So we're not acting them out, we're precisely,

00:20:57.720 we're not dramatizing them or ritualizing them. We actually act them out in our, in the covenant

00:21:02.440 that we make with the future. And we do that, well, unless we're extraordinarily impulsive

00:21:07.260 and aimless in our lives, and have really no conception whatsoever of the future, and

00:21:12.180 are likely to sacrifice the future for the present, which is what Esau does, right? Then

00:21:17.620 we make sacrifices. And you've got to think, like, the idea of making sacrifices to make the

00:21:24.820 future better is an extraordinarily difficult lesson to learn. It took people, God only knows

00:21:29.660 how long to learn that, you know, like, we have no idea. It's not something that animals

00:21:35.940 do easily. Chimpanzees don't store leftover meat, you know, they just, and neither do wolves,

00:21:41.740 they just, a wolf can eat about 30 pounds of meat in one sitting. And that's, that's where

00:21:46.180 the idea of wolfing it down comes from. They're not hiding it, saving it for later, you know,

00:21:50.600 they can't do that. So, they can't sacrifice the present for the future. So, this is a big

00:21:56.740 deal that this, that this happens. Now, I want to tell you a little bit about the idea of

00:22:01.800 the pillar. Because it's, it's an unbelievably deep idea, and it orients us in ways that we

00:22:09.580 still don't, it still orients us in ways that we don't understand. And in fact, it's actually

00:22:15.960 the mechanism by which we're oriented. Or, and if it's lacking, then we become disoriented.

00:22:22.940 And so, I'll show you some pictures and describe them first. Okay, so first of all, there's a

00:22:28.020 walled city. So, let, let me tell you that you could think about that as an archetypal human

00:22:33.280 habitation. Maybe it's a reflection of something like a fire in the middle of the plain or the

00:22:39.700 forest, or the jungle for that matter, although it's kind of hard to get a fire going there.

00:22:43.860 Imagine a fire ringed around with logs and perhaps ringed around with dwellings, right?

00:22:50.200 So, the fire's in the center. And the fire defines the center. And then, as you move away

00:22:55.040 from the fire, you move out into the darkness, right? So, the fire is light and communion and

00:23:01.020 safety. And as you move away from the fire, you move out into the darkness and what's terrifying

00:23:06.300 out beyond the perimeter. So, what's beyond the perimeter is terrifying. You can feel that

00:23:10.460 if you go camping somewhere that's wild. You know, you're pretty damn happy, especially

00:23:14.160 if the wolves are howling. You're pretty damn happy to be sitting by the fire because you

00:23:19.040 can see there. The fire keeps the animals away. And, you know, if you do wander into the bush,

00:23:25.320 into the darkness, then you're on alert. And, you know, your predator detection systems

00:23:30.120 are on alert. And so, you could think about the classical human habitation as two places.

00:23:37.200 One where your predator detection system isn't on alert. And another where your predator detection

00:23:42.840 system is alert, on alert. And you could think about that roughly as the distinction between

00:23:48.000 explored territory and unexplored territory. And really, the founding of a place is precisely,

00:23:55.120 this is a lot of this I got from reading Mircea Eliade, the founding of a place is precisely

00:24:00.120 the definition of an explored center set against the unexplored periphery. And, you know, what's

00:24:08.120 interesting about that, so you can kind of think about that with regards to the walled city,

00:24:12.120 right? Everything in the wall is cosmos and everything outside the wall is chaos. And, you know,

00:24:20.120 you know, but it also extends to the conceptual realm, because imagine that you're the master

00:24:25.120 of a field of study. And so, that's an interesting metaphor, because a field is a geographical metaphor,

00:24:32.120 right? And if in the center of the field are those things that everyone knows really well,

00:24:38.120 the axioms that everyone abides by in the field. And then as you move towards the fringes,

00:24:44.120 you get towards the unknown, towards the frontier of the discipline. And as you become expert,

00:24:51.120 you move from the center to the frontier. And so then you're on the border when you're a scholar,

00:24:57.120 a competent scholar, you're on the border between the unexplored, or the explored and unexplored.

00:25:04.120 And you're trying to further that border. So even if you're just doing this abstractly, it's the same thing.

00:25:09.120 And it's a reflection of the fact that every human environment, concrete or abstract,

00:25:16.120 it makes no difference, recapitulates the cosmos-chaos dichotomy, or the order-chaos dichotomy.

00:25:25.120 And that's why in Taoism, for example, it's the union of chaos and order that constitutes being itself.

00:25:31.120 And that you stand on the border between chaos and order, because that's the proper place to be.

00:25:36.120 Too orderly, too much in the explored, you're not learning anything.

00:25:41.120 Too much out there where the predators lurk, then you're frozen with terror.

00:25:46.120 And neither of those positions are desirable.

00:25:49.120 So, and that's what, you know, and so you think, and this is a concrete reality, obviously,

00:25:55.120 as well as a psychological reality, there were reasons for those walls.

00:25:59.120 Right? Because inside the walls were all the people like us.

00:26:04.120 And so that begs the question, what does it mean for people to be like us?

00:26:08.120 And then, outside the wall, there was all those people, because they were the worst forms of predators,

00:26:14.120 because people are actually the worst forms of predators, who aren't like us.

00:26:19.120 And the wall is there to draw a distinction between like us and not like us.

00:26:25.120 And so, and that was a matter of life and death.

00:26:28.120 You can tell that, because, I mean, look at those walls.

00:26:31.120 They had to build those by hand.

00:26:33.120 And, you know, you do see walled cities that have three rings of walls.

00:26:37.120 So, these people were terrified, but not so terrified as the people who built three walls.

00:26:43.120 They were really terrified.

00:26:45.120 And they had their reasons.

00:26:47.120 So, okay, so, now, there's an idea that's reflected in the Jacob's Ladder story.

00:27:00.120 That the center, where you put the pillar, is also the place where heaven and earth touch.

00:27:06.120 And so, that's a complicated idea.

00:27:10.120 I think that you can, you know, I'm trying to look at these stories from a psychological perspective.

00:27:15.120 And so, then you could say that that's a symbolic place where the lowest and the highest come together.

00:27:21.120 And so, it's a place where earthly being stretches up to the highest possible ethical abstraction.

00:27:30.120 And that's the center, because one of the things that defines us, say, as opposed to them, is that we're all united within a certain ethic.

00:27:42.120 That's what makes us the same.

00:27:44.120 So, this is a complicated line of reasoning, but I'll go back to it after I show you some more pictures.

00:27:53.120 So, that's the first idea, is that the center is the place where the lowest and the highest touch simultaneously.

00:28:00.120 And so, you could say that, in some sense, it specifies the aim of a group of people.

00:28:04.120 That's another way.

00:28:05.120 You know, if you get together with people to make a group, even at work, you group yourself around a project.

00:28:12.120 And that unites you.

00:28:13.120 And it unites you, because you all have the same aim.

00:28:15.120 You're all pointing to the same thing.

00:28:17.120 And that makes you the same in some ways, because if you're after the same thing I am, then the same things are going to be important to you that are important to me.

00:28:25.120 And the same things are going to be negative to you that are negative to me, because our emotions work out that way.

00:28:30.120 And that means I can instantly predict you.

00:28:32.120 I know how you're going to behave.

00:28:34.120 And so, our aim, which is basically our ethical aim, it's because we're aiming at something better, at least in principle, we're aiming at something better.

00:28:42.120 It's our ethical aim that unites our perceptions, and that's what aligns our emotions.

00:28:47.120 And so, that sort of begs the question, if you're going to build a community, around what aim should the community congregate?

00:28:54.120 Okay, so, the idea here is that the center of the community is the pillar that unites heaven and earth.

00:29:00.120 So, it unites the lowest with the highest.

00:29:02.120 So, there's some intimation of the idea that it's the highest that unites the community.

00:29:08.120 Okay, and so, keep that in mind.

00:29:11.120 And that's a very old idea as well.

00:29:13.120 That's the idea of the axis mundi, which is the center pole that unites heaven and earth.

00:29:18.120 It's an unbelievably old idea.

00:29:20.120 Tens of thousands of years old.

00:29:22.120 It might even stretch back to whatever our archaic memories, quasi-memories.

00:29:28.120 I don't know what you would describe them.

00:29:30.120 Archetypal memories of our excessively old ancestry and trees.

00:29:35.120 When the tree itself was, in fact, the center of the world.

00:29:39.120 And that it was ringed by snakes and chaos.

00:29:42.120 And so, well, we have no idea how old these ideas are, but they're very, very old.

00:29:47.120 And evolution is a conservative business.

00:29:50.120 Once it builds a gadget, then it builds new things on top of that gadget.

00:29:55.120 It's like a medieval town, right?

00:29:57.120 The center of the town is really old.

00:29:58.120 And newer areas of the town get built around it.

00:30:03.120 But the center is still really old.

00:30:04.120 And that's what we're like.

00:30:06.120 Our platforms, like our basic physiological structure, this skeletal body, is some tens of millions of years old.

00:30:17.120 Or older than that.

00:30:18.120 If you think about vertebrates, it's much older than that.

00:30:21.120 And that's all conserved.

00:30:23.120 So, everything's built on top of everything else.

00:30:27.120 Alright, so there's kind of a classic town.

00:30:30.120 And there's the idea.

00:30:32.120 I showed you this, this Scandinavian world tree.

00:30:35.120 Same idea.

00:30:36.120 It unites heaven and earth.

00:30:37.120 And around the roots of that tree are snakes that eat this tree constantly.

00:30:41.120 So, that's the idea that there's stability, but there's constant transformation around that stability.

00:30:48.120 And at the same time, the snakes are gnawing on the roots.

00:30:51.120 There's streams that are nourishing it.

00:30:53.120 So, it's sort of an echo of the idea that life depends on death and renewal constantly.

00:30:59.120 Because your cells are dying and being renewed constantly, right?

00:31:03.120 If they are just proliferating, then you have cancer.

00:31:06.120 If they're just dying, then you die.

00:31:08.120 You have to get the balance between death and life exactly right, so that you can actually live.

00:31:13.120 Which is also a very strange thing.

00:31:15.120 So, and that tree is something that reaches from the bottom layers of being, maybe the microcosm, all the way to the macrocosm.

00:31:23.120 That's the idea, anyways.

00:31:25.120 So, then there's, okay, so there's Jacob and his pillar.

00:31:32.120 He's got this idea that you can mark the center with this stone.

00:31:35.120 Like, it sort of symbolizes what he was laying on when he dreamt, but now he's got this idea.

00:31:39.120 You put something erect and it marks the center.

00:31:42.120 And it symbolizes his vision of the highest good, something like that.

00:31:47.120 And the promise that's been made to him.

00:31:49.120 And then, this is an Egyptian obelisk, the pyramid on top of it, that's in Paris.

00:31:56.120 It was taken from Luxor and put in Paris.

00:31:58.120 And so, that's a much more sophisticated instance of the same idea.

00:32:07.120 Okay, and there was a Stone Age cultures across Eurasia that put up these huge obelisks everywhere.

00:32:13.120 These huge, like the Stonehenge is a good example of that, although it's very sophisticated.

00:32:18.120 And they were also markers of places.

00:32:20.120 We don't know exactly what their function is, but they're very much akin to this.

00:32:24.120 Some permanent marker of place.

00:32:27.120 There's a good one.

00:32:29.120 So, that's in St. Peter's.

00:32:31.120 And I really like this one, because you can see the echoes of Jacob's vision for the establishment of a territory there, right?

00:32:41.120 You've got the obelisk in the middle, and then you've got the directions radiating from the center.

00:32:46.120 And, of course, St. Peter's.

00:32:48.120 This is the St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, which is an absolutely unbelievable place.

00:32:53.120 It's just jaw-dropping.

00:32:55.120 And so, there's the cathedral at the back of it, and then there's this circle of pillars that surrounds it.

00:33:02.120 You can just see them a little bit on the middle left there.

00:33:07.120 That goes all the way around that entire enclosure.

00:33:09.120 And, you know, a very large number of people can gather there.

00:33:13.120 And then, so that pillar marks the center.

00:33:16.120 And that would be the center of Catholicism, essentially.

00:33:19.120 That's what that represents, right?

00:33:21.120 The symbolic center of Catholicism.

00:33:23.120 Although you could make the case that the cathedral is the center.

00:33:26.120 It doesn't really matter.

00:33:27.120 They're very close together.

00:33:28.120 And it's half a dozen of one and six of the other.

00:33:32.120 And then, here's another representation of the same idea, right?

00:33:36.120 It's that this is why people don't like the flag to be burned.

00:33:39.120 You know, because conservative people see the flag as the sacred thing that binds people together.

00:33:45.120 And so, they're not happy when that sacred thing is destroyed.

00:33:49.120 Even if it's destroyed in the name of protest.

00:33:52.120 Whereas the people who burn flags think, well, there are times to dramatize the idea that the center has been corrupt.

00:33:59.120 And you can demonstrate that by putting it to the torch.

00:34:02.120 You know, as a representation that the corrupt center now has to be burned and transformed.

00:34:11.120 And the thing is, they're both right.

00:34:13.120 They're both right all the time.

00:34:14.120 Because the center is absolutely necessary and is sacred and is almost always also corrupt and in need of reparation.

00:34:22.120 That's also an archetypal idea.

00:34:24.120 And that's a useful thing to know.

00:34:26.120 Because, you know, it's easy for young people in particular to think that, well, the world's gone to hell in a hand basket.

00:34:33.120 And it's the fault of the last generation.

00:34:35.120 They've left us this terrible mess.

00:34:37.120 And, you know, we're feeling pretty betrayed about that.

00:34:40.120 And now we have to clean it up.

00:34:41.120 It's like, yeah, yeah, people have been thinking that for like 35,000 years.

00:34:45.120 It's not new.

00:34:46.120 And the reason it's not new is because it's always true.

00:34:49.120 You know, what you're handed is a sacred center with flaws.

00:34:54.120 Always, always.

00:34:55.120 And it's partly because it's the creation of the dead.

00:34:58.120 Right?

00:34:59.120 And the dead can't see and they can't communicate.

00:35:01.120 And so they're not in touch with the present.

00:35:03.120 And so what they've bequeathed to you, apart from the fact that it might actually be corrupt, which is a slightly different thing, is at least blind and dead.

00:35:12.120 And so what the hell can you expect from something that's blind and dead?

00:35:15.120 You know, you're lucky if it just doesn't stomp you out of existence.

00:35:18.120 So that's a lovely photograph, obviously.

00:35:22.120 And that's the establishment of a new center.

00:35:25.120 Then, the center can be a cathedral too, and often is, of course, in classic towns, European towns in particular.

00:35:35.120 Although, it's not only European towns that are like this.

00:35:38.120 There's a center that's made out of stone, so that would be the cathedral.

00:35:42.120 And it's got the highest tower, and on top of the tower there's often a cross.

00:35:46.120 And that's the symbolic center.

00:35:48.120 So people are drawn together around whatever the cross represents.

00:35:53.120 Now, the cross obviously represents a center.

00:35:56.120 Because it's an X, right?

00:35:57.120 The X marks the spot.

00:35:59.120 So the center of the cross is the center.

00:36:01.120 And then the cathedral is often in a cross shape, which also marks the center.

00:36:06.120 And then, in the cathedral there's a dome often, and that's the sky.

00:36:10.120 And that's that ladder that reaches from earth to heaven.

00:36:14.120 So it's a recapitulation of the same idea.

00:36:17.120 So, and people are drawn to that center.

00:36:22.120 And the center is the symbol of what unites them.

00:36:24.120 And what unites them is the faith that the cathedral is the embodiment of.

00:36:30.120 And you think, well, what does the faith mean?

00:36:33.120 And again, we're approaching this psychologically.

00:36:35.120 And what it means is that everyone who's a member of that group accepts the transcendent ideal of the group.

00:36:42.120 Now, the thing is, if you're the member of a group, you accept the transcendent ideal of the group.

00:36:47.120 That's what it means to be a member of a group.

00:36:50.120 So, if you're in a work team and you're all working on a project, what you've essentially done is decided that you're going to make the goal unquestionable, right?

00:36:59.120 I mean, you might argue about the details, but if you're tasked with something, you know, here's a job for you ten people, organize yourself around the job.

00:37:06.120 You can argue about how you're going to do the job, but you can't argue about the job.

00:37:11.120 Then the group falls apart.

00:37:13.120 And so, there's an act of faith in some sense.

00:37:16.120 The reason that the act of faith is necessary is because it's very, very difficult to specify without error what that central aim should be.

00:37:25.120 Given that there's any number of aims, right?

00:37:27.120 And it's a very, very difficult thing to figure out, and this is something we're going to do a little bit tonight, is, like, what should the aim be around which a group would congregate?

00:37:37.120 You know, so, especially if it's a large group, and it's a large group that has to stay together across very large swaths of time, and the group is incredibly diverse.

00:37:48.120 You know, what possible kind of ideal could unite a large group of diverse people across a very large stretch of time?

00:37:55.120 That's a really, really hard question, and I think part of the way that question has been answered is, it's been answered symbolically and in images,

00:38:03.120 because it's so damn complicated that it's almost impossible to articulate.

00:38:08.120 So, but obviously, you need to have a center around which everyone can unite, because if you don't, then everyone's at odds with one another.

00:38:16.120 Like, if I don't know what you're up to, and you don't know what he's up to, we have no, we're just strangers, and we don't know that our ethics match at all,

00:38:24.120 then the probability that we're going to be able to exist harmoniously decreases rapidly to zero.

00:38:30.120 And that's obviously just no good. That's a state of total chaos.

00:38:34.120 So we can't have that. It's not possible to exist without a central ideal. It's not possible.

00:38:42.120 And it's deeper than that. It's deeper than that, partly because it's...

00:38:48.120 I don't... I'll try to get this right. This is the sort of thing that I was arguing with Sam Harris about.

00:38:54.120 Um... You see, your category system is a product of your aims.

00:39:00.120 That's the thing. Like, if you have a set of facts at hand, the facts don't tell you how to categorize the facts.

00:39:07.120 Because there's too damn many facts. There's a trillion facts.

00:39:11.120 And there's no way, without imposing some a-priority order on them, of determining how it is that you should order them.

00:39:18.120 So how do you order them? Well, that's easy. You decide what you're aiming at.

00:39:23.120 Now, how do you do that? Well, I'm not answering that question at the moment.

00:39:27.120 I'm just saying that in order to organize those facts, you need an aim.

00:39:31.120 And then the aim instantly organizes the facts into those things relevant to the aim.

00:39:36.120 Tools, let's say. Those things that get in the way.

00:39:39.120 And a very large number of things that you don't have to pay attention to at all.

00:39:44.120 Right? It excludes... Like, if you're working on an engineering problem,

00:39:48.120 you don't have to worry about practicing medicine in your neighborhood.

00:39:55.120 You don't... There's a bunch of... Like, if you're focusing on a particular...

00:39:59.120 What would you say?

00:40:03.120 Any... Any job, any set of skills implies that you're good at a small set of things,

00:40:12.120 and then not good at an incredibly large number of other skills.

00:40:16.120 It simplifies things. And so, you can use your aim as the basis of a category structure.

00:40:22.120 And so, you also have to keep that in mind, because what it means is...

00:40:26.120 As far as I can tell, what it means is that your category system itself,

00:40:31.120 which is what structures your perceptions, is actually dependent on the ethics of your aim.

00:40:36.120 It's directly... It's a moral thing. It's directly dependent on your aim.

00:40:42.120 And that's a stunning idea, if it happens to be true.

00:40:45.120 It's not how people think about thinking.

00:40:48.120 We don't think that way. Like, we think that we think deterministically, let's say.

00:40:52.120 Or that we think empirically, or that we think rationally.

00:40:55.120 And none of that appears to be the case.

00:40:57.120 What we do is we posit a valid aim, and then we organize the world around the aim.

00:41:02.120 And there's plenty of evidence from that in psychological studies of perception, right?

00:41:07.120 That does look like how the perceptual systems work.

00:41:11.120 Mostly, they ignore, because the world's too complicated.

00:41:14.120 They focus on a small set of phenomena deemed relevant to whatever the aim is.

00:41:20.120 And then, of course, the aim is problematic.

00:41:22.120 Again, it's complex, because the aim I have has to be an aim that some of you share,

00:41:28.120 or at least don't object to, because otherwise I'm not going to get anywhere with my damn aim.

00:41:33.120 It has to actually be implementable in the world.

00:41:36.120 It has to be sustainable across at least some amount of time.

00:41:40.120 It can't kill me. Like, it's really hedged in, this aim.

00:41:44.120 It isn't any old thing. There's hardly any things that it can be.

00:41:48.120 So, you know, Jacob's aim, for example, in undermining Esau almost gets him killed.

00:41:56.120 And you can understand why. That's the other thing.

00:41:58.120 You think, well, that was a nasty bit of work.

00:42:01.120 You can understand Esau's rage.

00:42:03.120 Even though we're separated from the people in these stories by, what, 4,000 years, 3,000 years, something like that,

00:42:10.120 you know immediately why everyone feels the way they do.

00:42:15.120 At least once you understand the context of the story.

00:42:18.120 None of that's mysterious in the least.

00:42:20.120 So, there's the church, and the church is underneath the cross.

00:42:26.120 Right? And so that's St. Peter's Basilica.

00:42:30.120 And so there's the cross on the globe, on top of the basilica.

00:42:34.120 And then there's the cross on the obelisk as well.

00:42:39.120 And so, what that means is that, and this is where things get insanely complicated,

00:42:45.120 is that the center is defined by whatever the cross represents.

00:42:50.120 Now, the cross represents a crossing point geographically.

00:42:54.120 It's certainly that.

00:42:56.120 The cross probably represents the body to some degree.

00:42:59.120 But then the cross also represents the place of suffering, obviously.

00:43:03.120 And more importantly, it represents the place of voluntary suffering transcended.

00:43:09.120 I'm speaking psychologically, right? Not theologically.

00:43:13.120 That's what it represents.

00:43:14.120 And so you might say, so here's the idea behind putting down the obelisk with the cross

00:43:20.120 and saying that that's the center.

00:43:22.120 So that's the thing that everyone's aiming at.

00:43:24.120 And so the idea would be, well, if you're going to be a member of the group defined by this obelisk,

00:43:29.120 then what you do is accept your position at the center of suffering voluntarily and therefore transcend it.

00:43:37.120 That's the idea.

00:43:39.120 And that is one hell of an idea.

00:43:41.120 It really is, man. That is a killer idea.

00:43:44.120 Because it's actually a signal, it's a really clear signal of psychological health.

00:43:49.120 You know, because one of the things you do if you're a clinical psychologist and someone is paralyzed by fear

00:43:54.120 is what you do is you break their fears down into relatively manageable bits.

00:43:59.120 And then you have them voluntarily confront their fears.

00:44:03.120 And it might also be things that they're disgusted by, say if they have obsessive compulsive disorder.

00:44:08.120 But it produces very strong negative emotion, whatever it is.

00:44:11.120 And then you have them voluntarily confront whatever it is that produces that overwhelming negative emotion.

00:44:17.120 And that makes them stronger.

00:44:19.120 That's what happens.

00:44:20.120 It doesn't make them less afraid.

00:44:23.120 It makes them more courageous and stronger.

00:44:26.120 And that is not the same thing.

00:44:27.120 It's seriously not.

00:44:28.120 It doesn't decrease the fear.

00:44:30.120 It increases the courage.

00:44:32.120 And so, that's a mind-boggling idea.

00:44:35.120 And it's deeper.

00:44:36.120 You know, one of the things that's really interesting about these archetypal ideas is that

00:44:40.120 and maybe it's partly because of the hyperlinked nature of the Bible.

00:44:43.120 That's part of it.

00:44:44.120 But it's not the whole thing.

00:44:46.120 Is that no matter how deep you dig into them, you'll never get to the bottom.

00:44:49.120 You know, you hit a bottom, you think, God, that's so unbelievably profound.

00:44:53.120 And then if you excavate a little underneath that, you find something else that's even more profound.

00:44:58.120 And you think, wow, that's got to be the bottom.

00:45:00.120 And then you dig under that, it's like, there's no bottom.

00:45:03.120 You can just keep digging down.

00:45:04.120 Well, as far as I can tell, you can keep digging down layer after layer.

00:45:08.120 And we'll talk a little bit about more, a little more about what the cross signifies as the center.

00:45:14.120 Because you see, what people were trying to figure out is, what is it that we need to unite under?

00:45:20.120 Right?

00:45:21.120 What's the proper thing to unite under?

00:45:23.120 I can give you another example.

00:45:24.120 So, in the Mesopotamian societies, the emperor, you know, who was more or less an absolute monarch,

00:45:33.120 he lived inside what was essentially a walled city.

00:45:36.120 And the god of the Mesopotamians was Marduk.

00:45:40.120 And Marduk was the figure who had eyes all the way around his head and he spoke magic words.

00:45:45.120 He was very attentive and very articulate.

00:45:47.120 And it was Marduk who went out and confronted the goddess of chaos, the dragon of chaos, and cut her into pieces and made up the world.

00:45:56.120 Okay, so, you can kind of understand what that means.

00:45:58.120 So, Marduk goes beyond the frontier into the place of predatory chaos and encounters the thing that's terrifying and then makes something productive out of it.

00:46:10.120 So, it's a hero myth.

00:46:12.120 And Marduk is elected to the position of preeminent god by all the other Mesopotamian gods because he manages that.

00:46:19.120 So, the Marduk idea emerges up the holy dominance hierarchy and hits the pinnacle.

00:46:26.120 And God only knows how long that took.

00:46:28.120 It would be the amalgamation of many tribes and then the distillation of all the tribal myths to produce this emergent story of what constitutes top god.

00:46:42.120 And then the job of the emperor was to act out Marduk.

00:46:45.120 That's what gave him sovereignty.

00:46:47.120 So, the reason that he was the center around which people organized themselves wasn't because he was, when he was being a proper emperor.

00:46:54.120 It wasn't because there was something super special about him.

00:46:57.120 Like the power didn't exactly reside in him.

00:47:00.120 Which is a really useful thing to separate, right?

00:47:02.120 You want the power, which is why it's kind of nice to have a symbolic monarch.

00:47:07.120 You get the symbolic power separated from the personality power, right?

00:47:11.120 Because otherwise they get conflated.

00:47:12.120 That's what happened in Rome.

00:47:14.120 You can see it tending to happen now and then in the US.

00:47:18.120 Like with the Kennedy dynasties and that sort of thing.

00:47:21.120 So, the idea was the emperor had sovereignty as long as he was acting out Marduk properly.

00:47:27.120 And going out into the chaos and cutting it into pieces and making order.

00:47:31.120 That was his job.

00:47:32.120 They used to take him outside the city on the New Year's festival and strip him of all his emperor garments and humiliate him.

00:47:40.120 And then force him to confess all the ways that year he hadn't been a good Marduk.

00:47:48.120 So he wasn't a good ruler.

00:47:50.120 And so that was supposed to clue him in and wake him up, right?

00:47:53.120 And then they would ritually reenact the battle of Marduk against Tiamat, the chaos monster, using statues.

00:48:01.120 And then if that all went well then the emperor would go back in and the city would be renewed for another year.

00:48:08.120 And we still have echoes of that in our New Year's celebration, right?

00:48:11.120 It's the same idea that's echoed down all those centuries, thousands of years.

00:48:16.120 So it's such a staggeringly brilliant idea, right?

00:48:20.120 Because, so part of the idea is that the thing that's sovereign, so that's the pillar at the center that everyone gathers around.

00:48:27.120 Is, at least in part, the thing that courageously goes out into the unknown and makes something useful out of it for the community.

00:48:35.120 So, that's very, very smart. It's very smart.

00:48:43.120 So this is another example of a center.

00:48:45.120 So this is the flag, this is the Union Jack, and so it's made up of a bunch of crosses, right?

00:48:51.120 And so the first cross, the English cross, that's the flag of St. George, that's the flag of England.

00:48:56.120 And what does St. George do?

00:48:59.120 Slays the dragon, exactly. Same idea, right?

00:49:02.120 So St. George, patron saint of England, goes out and slays the dragon and frees the virgin from the grip of the dragon.

00:49:08.120 Same idea, right? So that's the center.

00:49:10.120 And then, the second cross is called a celtier, but it's another crucifix.

00:49:17.120 So it's the cross on which St. Andrew was crucified.

00:49:21.120 So it's the same idea, the center is the center of suffering voluntarily undertaken, because St. Andrew was a martyr.

00:49:29.120 And then St. Patrick is the third cross.

00:49:32.120 What did St. Patrick do in Ireland?

00:49:35.120 Chased out all the snakes.

00:49:37.120 Right, so it's the same thing, right?

00:49:39.120 And so the flag of Great Britain is the combination of all of these three crosses that defines the center.

00:49:46.120 And that's what the flag is.

00:49:47.120 So that symbolizes all of that.

00:49:50.120 So that's, you know, completely mind-boggling.

00:49:55.120 So, and there's more about St. Patrick too.

00:49:58.120 So he banishes the snakes after a 40-day fast.

00:50:01.120 And so that's an allusion to the 40 years that Moses spends in the desert.

00:50:05.120 And also the 40 days that Christ fasts in the New Testament.

00:50:09.120 And his walking stick, when he plants it, grows into a tree.

00:50:12.120 So that echoes all of the ideas about the center that we just described.

00:50:17.120 And he also speaks with the ancient Irish ancestors.

00:50:20.120 Which, if you remember, is a characteristic of the shamanic rituals.

00:50:25.120 Where, so in the typical shamanic ritual, which seems to be elicited by psychedelic use.

00:50:33.120 The shaman dissolves down past their bones.

00:50:38.120 And then they go up into heaven and speak with the ancestors.

00:50:41.120 And then they're introduced into the heavenly kingdom.

00:50:44.120 And then the flesh is put back on their bones.

00:50:47.120 And they come back and tell everybody what happened.

00:50:50.120 And that's a repeatable experience, right?

00:50:53.120 The shamanic tradition is unbelievably widespread.

00:50:57.120 So all over Europe, ancient Europe and Asia.

00:51:01.120 And perhaps as far down as South America, right?

00:51:03.120 It's highly conserved.

00:51:05.120 And it's out of that tradition, in all likelihood, that our religious ideation emerged.

00:51:10.120 So, and you can see echoes of that here.

00:51:13.120 So, back to the story of Jacob and his ladder.

00:51:19.120 So that I can come again to my father's house in peace.

00:51:22.120 Then shall the Lord be my God.

00:51:24.120 And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God's house.

00:51:27.120 And of all that that thou shalt give me, I will surely give the tenth unto thee.

00:51:31.120 So, that's also an echo, I would say, of the obligation of those who climb the power hierarchy

00:51:39.120 to attend to those who are at the bottom, right?

00:51:42.120 Because if you think about the tithing as a form of wealth distribution, which is essentially what it is,

00:51:48.120 as part of the ethic that defines the proper moral endeavor that's related to that center,

00:51:55.120 is not to advance yourself at the expense of the entire community.

00:52:01.120 So if you're fortunate enough so that you can rise in authority and power and competence within the confines of a community,

00:52:10.120 you still have an obligation to maintain the structure, maintain and further the structure of the community within which you rose.

00:52:18.120 And that's obvious, right?

00:52:20.120 Because if people didn't do that after a couple of generations, the whole thing would fall apart.

00:52:24.120 So, you know, it's not reasonable to destroy the game that you're winning.

00:52:31.120 It's reasonable to strengthen the game that you're winning.

00:52:34.120 And so, that's another thing, because that also describes the ethic that should allow you to be an active member of the community

00:52:41.120 around which that gathers around that center.

00:52:46.120 So, one of the things I've learned about the hero mythology that I really, really like is...

00:52:52.120 So, you see this pretty clearly in the figure of Christ, because two things are conjoined in that story.

00:52:59.120 But Christ is also the hero... There's two kinds of heroes.

00:53:03.120 There's the hero that goes out into chaos and confronts the dragon of chaos

00:53:07.120 and gathers the treasure as a consequence and then shares it with the community.

00:53:12.120 That's one.

00:53:14.120 The other form of hero is the hero who stands up against the corrupt state

00:53:18.120 and rattles the foundation of the state, has it collapse and then reconstructs it, right?

00:53:24.120 So, because the two great dangers to human beings are unprotected exposure to the catastrophes of the natural world

00:53:31.120 and subjugation to tyranny, right?

00:53:34.120 Those are the two major dangers.

00:53:36.120 And so, a hero is...

00:53:38.120 The ultimate hero is the person who reconstructs the structure of the state

00:53:43.120 by using the information that he gathered by going out into the unknown.

00:53:47.120 That unites them both.

00:53:49.120 And so, what that means...

00:53:51.120 Here's the rub.

00:53:53.120 As far as I can tell.

00:53:55.120 A structure, a center, has two risks associated with it.

00:54:01.120 One is that it will degenerate into chaos.

00:54:03.120 And the other is that it will rigidify into tyranny.

00:54:05.120 And it will degenerate into chaos even if it just stays doing what it's doing.

00:54:13.120 So, if it just does exactly what it's doing and it doesn't change, it will degenerate.

00:54:17.120 Because things change and if it doesn't change to keep up,

00:54:21.120 then it gets farther and farther away from the environment and it will precipitously collapse.

00:54:26.120 And so, and then if it just changes willy-nilly so that nobody can establish a stable centralizing aim,

00:54:34.120 then it degenerates into chaos immediately and no one can get along.

00:54:38.120 So, there's a rule for belonging to the community.

00:54:42.120 And the rule has to be that you have to act in a manner that sustains the community and increases its competence.

00:54:52.120 That's the fundamental moral obligation for belonging.

00:54:56.120 Well, and obviously so, right?

00:54:58.120 Because why would you belong to a...

00:55:00.120 Why would you walk into a clubhouse that was on fire?

00:55:03.120 Like, that's just not smart, right?

00:55:05.120 If you're going to be part of the game, if you've decided that being part of the game is worthwhile,

00:55:10.120 you've also taken on the moral...

00:55:14.120 You've also decided, even if you didn't notice it, that you have to work to support that game.

00:55:19.120 Because by deciding to play that game, you've said that it's valuable.

00:55:23.120 And if it's valuable, then obviously you should work to sustain and expand it,

00:55:28.120 because that's the definition of having a relationship with something that's valuable.

00:55:32.120 And so, that's the criteria for membership in the community.

00:55:38.120 And that's partly why, if you regard the cross, say, as the symbol of voluntary suffering.

00:55:45.120 You know, suffering accepted voluntarily, something like that.

00:55:48.120 Which means that there's another element of that, too, that's worth thinking about.

00:55:53.120 So, you know, the reason that Cain gets so out of hand is because he's suffering, and he won't accept it.

00:55:59.120 He certainly won't accept responsibility for it.

00:56:01.120 He's angry and bitter about it.

00:56:03.120 And no wonder, right?

00:56:04.120 I mean, we have to be realistic about these sorts of things.

00:56:07.120 You guys, all of you people, are going to suffer at some point in your life.

00:56:11.120 To the point where you're angry and bitter about it.

00:56:14.120 I mean, there's just absolutely no doubt about that.

00:56:16.120 And you're even going to think, well, it's no bloody wonder that I'm angry and bitter about it.

00:56:21.120 Everyone would be.

00:56:22.120 And things are so God-awful that there's no excuse for them to even exist.

00:56:27.120 And, like, that's a powerful argument.

00:56:30.120 Although, I think it's ultimately self-defeating.

00:56:33.120 Well, that's kind of what the story of Cain and Abel...

00:56:36.120 That's kind of what the story of Cain and Abel...

00:56:39.120 What would you say?

00:56:40.120 That's the moral of the story of Cain and Abel, essentially.

00:56:45.120 So what that means instead is that even under those conditions of relatively intense suffering,

00:56:50.120 you have to accept it voluntarily.

00:56:52.120 Because otherwise it turns you against being.

00:56:55.120 And then you start to act in this terrible manner that makes everything worse.

00:57:00.120 And it seems to me that there's a contradiction in that.

00:57:02.120 If the reason you're complaining is that things are bad,

00:57:05.120 then it isn't reasonable for you to act in a manner that makes them worse.

00:57:09.120 Right?

00:57:10.120 I mean, even if...

00:57:12.120 It's no wonder that people do that.

00:57:14.120 But it's a degenerating game.

00:57:16.120 And so that's...

00:57:18.120 So, the idea...

00:57:20.120 Part of the idea of the cross and the suffering that it represents

00:57:24.120 is that if you can accept that voluntarily, regardless of its intensity,

00:57:30.120 then you won't become embittered and resentful and vengeful to the point

00:57:36.120 where you pose a danger to the stability of the community.

00:57:40.120 So...

00:57:41.120 Or to your own stability, for that matter.

00:57:43.120 Because it's...

00:57:44.120 You know, it might be your own stability, the stability of your family,

00:57:46.120 the stability of the community and the stability of the world.

00:57:48.120 It might be all of that.

00:57:50.120 And increasingly, I think it is all of that.

00:57:53.120 So...

00:57:56.120 Okay, so...

00:58:00.120 Now, Jacob...

00:58:01.120 We get the second part of Jacob's story.

00:58:03.120 He goes to meet his uncle, Laban.

00:58:10.120 And he meets Rachel there, again, by a well.

00:58:14.120 He falls in love and goes to live with Laban.

00:58:17.120 There are two daughters there.

00:58:19.120 Leah, as well as Rachel.

00:58:22.120 Leah is not a particularly attractive person.

00:58:25.120 It isn't exactly clear why, but the story makes it quite clear.

00:58:29.120 She's definitely the least desirable of the two daughters.

00:58:33.120 And the story makes reference to her eyes,

00:58:35.120 and it isn't clear if there's something wrong with her physiologically

00:58:38.120 or if there's something wrong with her attitude.

00:58:40.120 It's not obvious, but it doesn't really matter.

00:58:42.120 The point is, she's the older daughter, but she's the less desirable one.

00:58:47.120 Jacob stays a month,

00:58:49.120 which is the limit of hospitality in that time.

00:58:53.120 If you stayed for a month, you were welcome,

00:58:55.120 but you had to work for your keep,

00:58:57.120 I think after about three days, something like that,

00:58:59.120 which seems rather reasonable.

00:59:01.120 And so, he stays a month,

00:59:03.120 and then he has a chat with Laban,

00:59:06.120 and he says, he's fallen in love with Rachel by this time,

00:59:09.120 and he says,

00:59:11.120 I'll stay with you and work for seven years,

00:59:14.120 and then I'll wed Rachel.

00:59:17.120 And Laban says, that's a fine deal.

00:59:19.120 And then the seven years passes,

00:59:23.120 and there's a wedding ceremony.

00:59:24.120 It's quite a long thing, and the bride is veiled,

00:59:27.120 and the bride goes into the tent with Jacob.

00:59:35.120 And if I remember the story correctly,

00:59:37.120 I haven't looked at it for a month or so,

00:59:39.120 Rachel is outside the tent, speaking,

00:59:45.120 but Leah is inside the tent.

00:59:48.120 And so, Jacob thinks he's getting married to Rachel,

00:59:51.120 but he's actually getting married to Leah.

00:59:53.120 And this is, it's an inversion, eh?

00:59:56.120 Because he's in the dark like Isaac was when he fooled Isaac.

01:00:00.120 So now it's Jacob's turn to be in the dark.

01:00:02.120 And he gets betrayed by his uncle,

01:00:05.120 and his bride-to-be, Rachel, and her sister,

01:00:08.120 in a manner that's broadly parallel to the trick that he pulled on Esau.

01:00:13.120 And so there's a karma notion there,

01:00:16.120 which I like, you know.

01:00:18.120 I mean, you might think of karma as a superstitious idea.

01:00:23.120 But, and there are ways of interpreting it that might make it the case,

01:00:28.120 but I don't think that's what it is.

01:00:30.120 It's that no bad deed goes unpunished.

01:00:34.120 It's something like that.

01:00:35.120 It's like, you know, maybe you've done something bad to someone,

01:00:41.120 and therefore there's part of you that feels quite guilty about that, hopefully.

01:00:46.120 And that part is looking for punishment to set the stage right.

01:00:53.120 And you might think, well, no, but things are...

01:00:57.120 Yes, unless you're a psychopath, that's how things work.

01:01:00.120 If you're interested in that kind of thing,

01:01:02.120 you should read Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment,

01:01:04.120 because it's the definitive study of that sort of phenomena.

01:01:07.120 Right?

01:01:08.120 Because in that book, the main protagonist, Raskolnikov, gets away with murder.

01:01:12.120 Like, he does it successfully.

01:01:14.120 No one suspects him.

01:01:16.120 And he drives himself so crazy with guilt,

01:01:18.120 that he basically falls into the hands of the police.

01:01:22.120 He drives himself into the hands of the police,

01:01:25.120 because he can't tolerate what he did.

01:01:27.120 It's very, it's amazing, it's an amazing book.

01:01:30.120 But anyways, the point is here,

01:01:33.120 Jacob falls prey to the same sort of crookedness

01:01:37.120 that he used to ratchet himself up the ladder.

01:01:41.120 And that happens far more often in life than people think.

01:01:45.120 And it's really not like he can complain about it, right?

01:01:47.120 Not if he has any sense.

01:01:49.120 It's like he does.

01:01:50.120 He brings Leah out to see Laban,

01:01:53.120 and he says,

01:01:54.120 What's with this sister?

01:01:57.120 You know, and Laban basically says to him,

01:02:00.120 In our culture, it's the custom to marry the eldest daughter first.

01:02:07.120 Which is exactly right.

01:02:08.120 And he said, well, it would bring,

01:02:10.120 you know, he's rationalizing obviously,

01:02:12.120 because he's just screwed over Jacob in a major way.

01:02:15.120 But it's a little late to take it back.

01:02:19.120 The marriage has been consummated,

01:02:21.120 and the ceremony has been complete,

01:02:23.120 and all hell would break out if there was any attempt to sever the relationship.

01:02:29.120 So that's how it is.

01:02:32.120 So Leah's married,

01:02:33.120 and Jacob has the wrong wife.

01:02:36.120 So then,

01:02:38.120 so this is Jacob there.

01:02:40.120 You see on the left,

01:02:41.120 he's got the little flowery hat,

01:02:43.120 and he's pointing to Leah,

01:02:44.120 and he's saying,

01:02:45.120 like,

01:02:46.120 what, what's up here?

01:02:48.120 And,

01:02:53.120 and Laban,

01:02:54.120 you know, Laban is a tough old goat,

01:02:56.120 and he's not really all that sad about it.

01:02:58.120 In fact, you can imagine that he's kind of going,

01:03:00.120 ha, ha, ha, ha.

01:03:02.120 So,

01:03:03.120 so okay,

01:03:04.120 then he has to work another seven years.

01:03:09.120 And he gains Rachel.

01:03:10.120 But,

01:03:11.120 because God is a tricky character,

01:03:13.120 um,

01:03:14.120 there's another twist in this story.

01:03:16.120 Rachel,

01:03:18.120 turns out,

01:03:19.120 not to be very good at having children.

01:03:21.120 Or,

01:03:22.120 Rachel and Jacob,

01:03:23.120 turn out not to be very good at having children.

01:03:25.120 But Leah,

01:03:26.120 she's really good at having kids.

01:03:29.120 So,

01:03:30.120 um,

01:03:31.120 she provides

01:03:32.120 Jacob with Reuben,

01:03:34.120 Simeon,

01:03:35.120 Levi,

01:03:36.120 or it's Levi, I believe,

01:03:37.120 and Judah.

01:03:38.120 And the names of those,

01:03:39.120 the meanings of those names are there.

01:03:41.120 Reuben means see a son.

01:03:43.120 Simeon means hearing.

01:03:44.120 I think that was the Lord heard my prayer.

01:03:46.120 I think that's what that was.

01:03:47.120 Uh,

01:03:48.120 Levi means joined.

01:03:49.120 Judah means praise to Yahweh.

01:03:51.120 Um,

01:03:52.120 and it's Judah from whose tribe Christ arises.

01:03:56.120 Judah is essentially promoted to the status of firstborn later in the story.

01:04:00.120 This is important.

01:04:01.120 Because Reuben,

01:04:02.120 Simeon,

01:04:03.120 and Levi,

01:04:04.120 all,

01:04:05.120 do something reprehensible.

01:04:07.120 And so,

01:04:08.120 Judah gets,

01:04:09.120 gets promoted to firstborn.

01:04:12.120 And that's partly why,

01:04:14.120 in the logic of this narrative,

01:04:16.120 that it's from the tribe of Judah that Christ arises.

01:04:19.120 So,

01:04:21.120 so,

01:04:22.120 now,

01:04:23.120 while this is going on,

01:04:24.120 Rachel is,

01:04:25.120 like, suicidally desperate for children.

01:04:27.120 She's jealous of her older sister,

01:04:29.120 who's rather ill-favored,

01:04:30.120 as we pointed out,

01:04:31.120 but,

01:04:32.120 who seems to be damn good at producing sons.

01:04:34.120 And, uh,

01:04:35.120 she's,

01:04:36.120 really not happy with Jacob,

01:04:38.120 and so she chews him out,

01:04:39.120 and Jacob basically says,

01:04:40.120 like,

01:04:41.120 what do you want me to do about it?

01:04:42.120 I'm not God.

01:04:43.120 Which is a reasonable response,

01:04:45.120 I would say.

01:04:46.120 And,

01:04:47.120 so,

01:04:48.120 in her desperation,

01:04:49.120 she gives Jacob,

01:04:50.120 Billa,

01:04:51.120 who's her maidservant.

01:04:52.120 We've seen that sort of thing happen before.

01:04:54.120 And,

01:04:55.120 two,

01:04:57.120 Billa produces two children,

01:04:59.120 Dan and Naphtali.

01:05:01.120 Um,

01:05:02.120 the reason I'm detailing out all these sons,

01:05:04.120 it's important because,

01:05:05.120 Jacob is the founder of Israel.

01:05:07.120 And,

01:05:08.120 his sons are the founder of the 12 tribes.

01:05:11.120 So,

01:05:12.120 it's a pivotal moment in the story,

01:05:14.120 right?

01:05:15.120 It's,

01:05:16.120 he's the fundamental patriarch of,

01:05:19.120 of those who wrestle with God.

01:05:21.120 Because,

01:05:22.120 as we'll see,

01:05:23.120 that's what the name Israel means.

01:05:24.120 He gets the name Israel.

01:05:25.120 You'll see why in a while.

01:05:27.120 But,

01:05:28.120 but it's,

01:05:29.120 you need to know these genealogies in this situation,

01:05:31.120 because,

01:05:32.120 they play an important role in everything that happens afterwards.

01:05:35.120 So,

01:05:39.120 Naphtali is the second,

01:05:41.120 uh,

01:05:42.120 and her name,

01:05:43.120 or his name means,

01:05:44.120 with great wrestlings,

01:05:45.120 I have wrestled with my sister,

01:05:46.120 right?

01:05:47.120 Contended with her,

01:05:48.120 and have prevailed.

01:05:49.120 So,

01:05:51.120 that gives you some indication of the tension in the household.

01:05:54.120 Now,

01:05:55.120 Leah is now past bearing children.

01:05:57.120 She gives Jacob her,

01:05:59.120 maidservant too,

01:06:00.120 Zilpah,

01:06:01.120 to keep up with her sister,

01:06:03.120 I guess.

01:06:04.120 And,

01:06:05.120 uh,

01:06:06.120 now,

01:06:07.120 Zilpah,

01:06:08.120 bears two children for Jacob.

01:06:10.120 So,

01:06:11.120 he's piling up the kids,

01:06:12.120 left, right, and center here.

01:06:14.120 Um,

01:06:15.120 one of them is named Gad,

01:06:16.120 good fortune,

01:06:17.120 and the other is named Asher,

01:06:18.120 happy or blessed.

01:06:19.120 So,

01:06:20.120 there's more rivalry going on between the sisters.

01:06:24.120 This is quite an interesting little story.

01:06:26.120 So,

01:06:27.120 Reuben,

01:06:28.120 who's Leah's daughter,

01:06:29.120 um,

01:06:30.120 goes out and looks for mandrakes.

01:06:32.120 Now,

01:06:33.120 mandrakes have aphrodisiac properties.

01:06:35.120 So,

01:06:36.120 that's a little odd to begin with.

01:06:37.120 But,

01:06:38.120 it doesn't matter.

01:06:39.120 That's what happens.

01:06:40.120 And,

01:06:41.120 uh,

01:06:42.120 Rachel,

01:06:43.120 is,

01:06:44.120 Rachel wants the mandrakes,

01:06:46.120 because she's still interested in having some children.

01:06:48.120 And so,

01:06:49.120 she bargains,

01:06:50.120 with Leah,

01:06:51.120 to give her a night with Jacob,

01:06:52.120 in exchange for the mandrakes.

01:06:54.120 And,

01:06:55.120 uh,

01:06:56.120 more sons,

01:06:57.120 emerge as a consequence of that.

01:06:59.120 So,

01:07:00.120 and Rachel finally gives birth.

01:07:03.120 Joseph.

01:07:05.120 And,

01:07:06.120 Joseph plays a key role in the last story in Genesis,

01:07:10.120 which,

01:07:11.120 I hope we'll get to in the next lecture,

01:07:13.120 and then we can close off Genesis.

01:07:15.120 That's the plan, anyways.

01:07:16.120 So,

01:07:17.120 now,

01:07:18.120 Jacob,

01:07:19.120 isn't really very happy about the whole arrangement,

01:07:22.120 because he,

01:07:23.120 he's been there 14 years,

01:07:24.120 and he,

01:07:25.120 he's got two wives.

01:07:26.120 It's not too bad,

01:07:27.120 but,

01:07:28.120 you know,

01:07:29.120 he got,

01:07:30.120 the bargain wasn't exactly clean.

01:07:31.120 He doesn't really trust Laban,

01:07:32.120 and there's no reason for him to do so.

01:07:34.120 Um,

01:07:35.120 Laban was poor before Jacob came.

01:07:38.120 Jacob turns out to be a very useful,

01:07:40.120 uh,

01:07:41.120 person to have around.

01:07:42.120 And so,

01:07:43.120 he tells Laban he wants to leave,

01:07:45.120 and go back to his home country.

01:07:46.120 And,

01:07:47.120 uh,

01:07:48.120 that he'll take the speckled and spotted cattle,

01:07:50.120 the brown sheep,

01:07:51.120 and the spotted and speckled goats from the flock.

01:07:53.120 And they're in the minority,

01:07:55.120 so that's the idea.

01:07:56.120 And so,

01:07:57.120 Laban,

01:07:58.120 or Laban,

01:07:59.120 takes all those animals out of his flock.

01:08:01.120 So,

01:08:02.120 there was an idea that the speckled goats,

01:08:04.120 and the brown sheep,

01:08:05.120 would breed true.

01:08:06.120 So,

01:08:07.120 if you have a male goat,

01:08:10.120 and a female goat,

01:08:11.120 and they're both speckled,

01:08:12.120 they'll have speckled kids.

01:08:13.120 That's the theory.

01:08:14.120 And,

01:08:15.120 the same with brown sheep.

01:08:16.120 And so,

01:08:17.120 what Laban does,

01:08:18.120 is he takes all the speckled animals,

01:08:20.120 out of the flocks,

01:08:21.120 gives them to his son,

01:08:22.120 and they go three days away with him.

01:08:24.120 So that Jacob is left with the flock,

01:08:26.120 but with no,

01:08:27.120 with none of these animals.

01:08:29.120 Now, the idea was that all the newborns,

01:08:31.120 were going to be his.

01:08:32.120 And so,

01:08:33.120 what Laban has basically done,

01:08:34.120 is set it up,

01:08:35.120 so that in principle,

01:08:36.120 Jacob is going to get nothing for his work.

01:08:39.120 So,

01:08:40.120 that's another time when Jacob,

01:08:42.120 experiences betrayal.

01:08:44.120 You know,

01:08:45.120 it's almost as if,

01:08:46.120 God isn't done with reminding him,

01:08:48.120 of the magnitude of what he did in the past.

01:08:51.120 That's the moral of the story,

01:08:53.120 in some sense.

01:08:54.120 Now,

01:08:55.120 there's a weird little twist in the story here.

01:08:56.120 So,

01:08:57.120 what Jacob does is some,

01:08:58.120 some sympathetic magic.

01:08:59.120 And so,

01:09:00.120 when the animals are rutting,

01:09:02.120 he puts speckled objects,

01:09:04.120 in front of them,

01:09:05.120 speckled branches,

01:09:06.120 and so forth.

01:09:07.120 I guess,

01:09:08.120 to remind them about what they're supposed to be producing.

01:09:10.120 Something like that.

01:09:11.120 And it works.

01:09:12.120 And so,

01:09:13.120 all these animals that Laban left,

01:09:15.120 are,

01:09:16.120 are producing spotted animals like mad.

01:09:19.120 And so,

01:09:20.120 that's,

01:09:21.120 I guess,

01:09:22.120 God's changed his mind,

01:09:23.120 let Jacob off the hook slightly here.

01:09:25.120 So,

01:09:26.120 soon he was very wealthy.

01:09:29.120 Much cattle,

01:09:30.120 maidservants,

01:09:31.120 menservants,

01:09:32.120 camels,

01:09:33.120 and asses.

01:09:34.120 Laban's son,

01:09:35.120 sons become jealous,

01:09:36.120 and Laban is outraged.

01:09:37.120 Well, you know,

01:09:38.120 obviously there's some competition there,

01:09:39.120 between Jacob and the sons,

01:09:40.120 which is hardly surprising.

01:09:41.120 And Laban played this trick to,

01:09:43.120 strip Jacob of all his property,

01:09:44.120 and instead,

01:09:45.120 he got far more than he was going to get to begin with.

01:09:47.120 So,

01:09:48.120 you can imagine that's been a bit annoying.

01:09:50.120 So,

01:09:51.120 Jacob thinks he better get out of there.

01:09:52.120 So,

01:09:53.120 he tells Rachel and Leah,

01:09:54.120 and said unto them,

01:09:55.120 I see your father's countenance,

01:09:57.120 that it's not toward me as before.

01:09:59.120 But the God of my father has been with me.

01:10:02.120 And you know,

01:10:03.120 with all my power,

01:10:04.120 I've served your father.

01:10:05.120 And your father has deceived me,

01:10:06.120 and changed my wages ten times.

01:10:08.120 But God,

01:10:09.120 so far,

01:10:10.120 has suffered him not to hurt me.

01:10:11.120 If he said thus,

01:10:12.120 the speckled shall be thy wages,

01:10:14.120 then all the cattle boar speckled.

01:10:16.120 And if he said thus,

01:10:17.120 the ring straked,

01:10:18.120 shall be thy hire,

01:10:19.120 then all the cattle boar ring straked.

01:10:21.120 Thus,

01:10:22.120 God has taken away the cattle of your father,

01:10:24.120 and given them to me.

01:10:26.120 And they decide to sneak away.

01:10:28.120 And they're unhappy with the inheritance,

01:10:30.120 lack of inheritance from Laban.

01:10:32.120 So,

01:10:33.120 as they sneak away,

01:10:34.120 Rachel steals the idols that her father has in his house.

01:10:38.120 And it's not exactly obvious why.

01:10:40.120 There's a lot of contention about why she's doing that.

01:10:43.120 Some of them is,

01:10:44.120 to punish him.

01:10:45.120 To bring with her,

01:10:46.120 the images of her ancestors.

01:10:48.120 You know,

01:10:49.120 maybe she's lonesome,

01:10:50.120 moving away from home.

01:10:51.120 Just out of spite.

01:10:52.120 To show him that the idols were actually powerless.

01:10:55.120 For protection.

01:10:56.120 To stop her father from divining the root of their escape.

01:10:59.120 That last one is the strangest one.

01:11:01.120 Because the idea would be that Laban would have used,

01:11:04.120 some sort of ritual with the idols,

01:11:08.120 that would help him infer their escape route,

01:11:10.120 and then could chase them.

01:11:11.120 So anyways,

01:11:12.120 that's the range of speculation about that.

01:11:14.120 I think,

01:11:15.120 it sounds to me mostly like a little act of revenge.

01:11:19.120 Maybe with a bit of loneliness mixed in.

01:11:23.120 Laban pursues them.

01:11:25.120 But God comes in a dream to tell him to leave Jacob unharmed.

01:11:28.120 Laban catches up with him and reproaches Jacob,

01:11:31.120 saying that he would have thrown a great party

01:11:34.120 if he would have known that they were going to leave.

01:11:36.120 You know,

01:11:37.120 he didn't want them to sneak away in the night.

01:11:39.120 And you can't tell from the story whether that's true or not.

01:11:42.120 And you know,

01:11:43.120 these people were pretty rough and impulsive,

01:11:46.120 I would say.

01:11:47.120 And maybe there was a 50% chance of a slaughter,

01:11:49.120 and a 50% chance of a party.

01:11:51.120 Who knows?

01:11:52.120 I've been to parties like that actually.

01:11:55.120 So,

01:11:57.120 Laban complains that his gods are gone,

01:11:59.120 and Jacob says that whoever has them,

01:12:01.120 he will have them killed.

01:12:03.120 And Rachel,

01:12:04.120 who's really quite a sneaky character,

01:12:06.120 all things considered,

01:12:07.120 basically claims that she's having her period,

01:12:11.120 and she's sitting on the carpet

01:12:14.120 with all the idols underneath,

01:12:16.120 and she can't move,

01:12:17.120 and so they search everywhere and can't find them.

01:12:19.120 And she's like laughing away behind her hand

01:12:21.120 about that sneaky little maneuver.

01:12:23.120 But,

01:12:24.120 she doesn't die,

01:12:25.120 so that's probably a good thing.

01:12:28.120 So,

01:12:29.120 Laban

01:12:30.120 checks everything out,

01:12:31.120 checks the camp out,

01:12:32.120 and he can't find anything.

01:12:33.120 So,

01:12:34.120 they reconcile.

01:12:35.120 And so that's the first reconciliation

01:12:38.120 that Jacob engages in.

01:12:40.120 It's sort of like

01:12:42.120 the,

01:12:47.120 what would you say?

01:12:48.120 The karmic debt has been paid.

01:12:49.120 That's one way of thinking about it.

01:12:50.120 That's,

01:12:51.120 so,

01:12:52.120 he got punished for his wrongdoing.

01:12:54.120 He's learned his lesson,

01:12:56.120 perhaps,

01:12:57.120 and it's,

01:12:59.120 it's,

01:13:00.120 that's good enough as far as he's concerned.

01:13:02.120 You know,

01:13:03.120 he got away good enough,

01:13:04.120 and they make peace.

01:13:05.120 So,

01:13:06.120 then the next thing that happens,

01:13:11.120 as they're traveling,

01:13:12.120 is that Jacob was left alone,

01:13:14.120 and there,

01:13:15.120 wrestled a man,

01:13:16.120 man,

01:13:17.120 angel,

01:13:18.120 God,

01:13:19.120 it's not clear.

01:13:23.120 We'll go with angel,

01:13:24.120 with him until the breaking of the day,

01:13:26.120 or God.

01:13:27.120 And when he saw that he prevailed not against him,

01:13:29.120 he touched the hollow of his thigh,

01:13:30.120 and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was out of joint

01:13:32.120 as he wrestled with him.

01:13:33.120 And he said,

01:13:34.120 let me go for the day breaks.

01:13:36.120 And Jacob said,

01:13:37.120 I will not let you go unless you bless me.

01:13:39.120 And the angel said unto him,

01:13:41.120 what is thy name?

01:13:42.120 And Jacob said,

01:13:43.120 Jacob.

01:13:55.120 And the angel said,

01:13:56.120 thy name shall no more be called Jacob.

01:13:58.120 So the supplanter,

01:13:59.120 right,

01:14:00.120 the,

01:14:01.120 the overthrower,

01:14:02.120 with that kind of intonation of,

01:14:04.120 or implication of crookedness.

01:14:06.120 But Israel,

01:14:07.120 which means,

01:14:08.120 he who wrestles,

01:14:09.120 or strives successfully with God.

01:14:11.120 For as a prince,

01:14:13.120 hast thou power with God,

01:14:14.120 and with men,

01:14:15.120 and hast prevailed.

01:14:16.120 That's quite a story.

01:14:17.120 Like,

01:14:18.120 it's,

01:14:19.120 I don't,

01:14:20.120 I don't know exactly what to make of it.

01:14:21.120 There's obviously a symbolic level of meaning,

01:14:24.120 which is that,

01:14:25.120 that is what human beings do,

01:14:27.120 in some sense,

01:14:28.120 is they,

01:14:29.120 they wrestle,

01:14:30.120 I would say they wrestle with the divine,

01:14:32.120 even with the concept of the divine,

01:14:34.120 for that matter.

01:14:35.120 And,

01:14:38.120 but the question is,

01:14:39.120 do they prevail?

01:14:40.120 Like,

01:14:41.120 it's kind of an odd thing that,

01:14:42.120 Jacob actually seems to win this battle,

01:14:45.120 right?

01:14:46.120 Or at least he wins it enough,

01:14:47.120 so that,

01:14:48.120 whoever he's wrestling,

01:14:49.120 this divine figure that he's wrestling,

01:14:51.120 is willing to bestow a blessing on him.

01:14:53.120 I guess,

01:14:54.120 maybe that's a testament to his courage.

01:14:56.120 It's something like that.

01:14:57.120 Maybe it's an indication that,

01:14:59.120 he has paid for his sins sufficiently,

01:15:02.120 so that he's sort of back on the moral high ground.

01:15:05.120 But,

01:15:06.120 but I think it's really telling that,

01:15:08.120 the transformation of the name from Jacob to Israel,

01:15:11.120 and that what Israel means is,

01:15:13.120 he who wrestles with God,

01:15:15.120 or who struggles with God,

01:15:17.120 and perhaps successfully.

01:15:19.120 But it's also so interesting that he actually emerges victorious.

01:15:22.120 You know,

01:15:23.120 you wouldn't necessarily think that that would be a possibility,

01:15:25.120 especially given,

01:15:27.120 you know,

01:15:28.120 God's rather hot-headed nature in the Old Testament.

01:15:30.120 You don't want to mess with him too much.

01:15:32.120 But,

01:15:33.120 but Jacob does it successfully.

01:15:35.120 But,

01:15:36.120 even more importantly is the idea that,

01:15:38.120 whatever Israel constitutes,

01:15:40.120 which would be to say,

01:15:41.120 the land that Jacob

01:15:43.120 founds,

01:15:44.120 is actually composed of those who wrestle with God.

01:15:47.120 I think that's an amazing idea,

01:15:49.120 because,

01:15:50.120 it also seems to me to shed some light on,

01:15:53.120 perhaps what was meant by belief in those days.

01:15:56.120 You know,

01:15:57.120 like I've often thought of,

01:15:58.120 of marriage as a wrestling match,

01:16:00.120 right?

01:16:01.120 If you're lucky,

01:16:02.120 the person that you marry is someone you contend with.

01:16:04.120 It's not exactly,

01:16:05.120 I don't think it's exactly,

01:16:07.120 it's not tranquil precisely.

01:16:10.120 You know,

01:16:11.120 you might have noticed that,

01:16:12.120 some of you.

01:16:13.120 And,

01:16:14.120 but,

01:16:15.120 but the thing is,

01:16:16.120 if you have something to contend against,

01:16:18.120 then that strengthens you.

01:16:20.120 And,

01:16:21.120 and that's actually better than having nothing to contend against.

01:16:24.120 And so,

01:16:25.120 Jacob,

01:16:27.120 is the person who's also strengthened by the necessity of this contending.

01:16:31.120 And,

01:16:32.120 that seems to be the proper relationship with God or the angel,

01:16:35.120 is that contending,

01:16:37.120 the battling,

01:16:38.120 right?

01:16:39.120 Rather than some sort of,

01:16:40.120 kind of,

01:16:41.120 loose,

01:16:42.120 weak,

01:16:43.120 statement of belief.

01:16:45.120 I mean,

01:16:46.120 I'm not trying to denigrate that to any great degree.

01:16:48.120 It just doesn't seem like the right mode of conceptualization,

01:16:51.120 right?

01:16:52.120 Because human beings aren't,

01:16:53.120 aren't like that.

01:16:54.120 We're,

01:16:55.120 we're,

01:16:56.120 contentious creatures.

01:16:58.120 And that's actually seems to be something that meets with God's favor in this situation.

01:17:02.120 So,

01:17:03.120 especially given that that's actually what he names the,

01:17:05.120 well,

01:17:06.120 the whole kingdom of the chosen people is,

01:17:08.120 the idea is that that's composed of those who contend with God.

01:17:13.120 So,

01:17:14.120 that's,

01:17:15.120 that's a hell of an idea.

01:17:16.120 That,

01:17:17.120 that's for sure.

01:17:18.120 And Jacob asked,

01:17:22.120 him and said,

01:17:23.120 tell me I pray thee thy name.

01:17:24.120 And he said,

01:17:25.120 wherefore is it thou dost ask after my name?

01:17:28.120 So there's no,

01:17:29.120 that's not happening.

01:17:30.120 And he blessed him there.

01:17:31.120 And Jacob called the place of the,

01:17:32.120 name of the place Peniel,

01:17:34.120 for I,

01:17:35.120 or Peniel,

01:17:36.120 for I've seen God face to face and my life is preserved.

01:17:38.120 And he passed over Peniel,

01:17:40.120 the sun rose upon him and he halted upon his thigh.

01:17:42.120 Now,

01:17:43.120 Jacob does walk away,

01:17:45.120 injured from this.

01:17:47.120 Right?

01:17:48.120 So he has a permanent limp after that.

01:17:50.120 And so that's also an indication of,

01:17:52.120 just how dangerous that contention actually is.

01:17:55.120 Like,

01:17:56.120 he gets blessed,

01:17:57.120 he wins,

01:17:58.120 but he doesn't get away scot-free.

01:17:59.120 And so,

01:18:01.120 now,

01:18:02.120 so Jacob goes back to Esau.

01:18:04.120 And he's terrified,

01:18:06.120 even though it's been 14 years,

01:18:08.120 he thinks maybe his hot-headed brother hasn't calmed down yet.

01:18:11.120 And he has good reason to think that,

01:18:12.120 I would say.

01:18:13.120 So he sends messengers to Esau,

01:18:19.120 who then sets out with 400 men.

01:18:21.120 And so,

01:18:22.120 Jacob is not very happy with this whole idea.

01:18:24.120 And he breaks his people into two bands,

01:18:26.120 so that maybe half of them cannot be killed.

01:18:28.120 And then he takes from his large flocks,

01:18:31.120 a bunch of animals,

01:18:33.120 and a bunch of servants,

01:18:34.120 and he sends them out to meet Esau,

01:18:36.120 basically to say,

01:18:38.120 look,

01:18:39.120 I'm a jerk,

01:18:40.120 and sorry about the whole birthright thing.

01:18:43.120 And,

01:18:45.120 and here's some animals,

01:18:46.120 and you know,

01:18:47.120 maybe,

01:18:48.120 maybe that's the beginnings of an apology.

01:18:50.120 It's something like that.

01:18:52.120 And so,

01:18:53.120 but he's not very convinced that that's actually going to work.

01:18:57.120 But Esau,

01:18:58.120 who actually turns out to,

01:19:00.120 perhaps have matured in the interim,

01:19:02.120 perhaps,

01:19:03.120 that's one way of thinking about it,

01:19:05.120 meets Jacob and says that,

01:19:07.120 just seeing him is enough.

01:19:09.120 But Jacob insists that he takes the gift,

01:19:11.120 and Esau accepts.

01:19:13.120 And,

01:19:14.120 which is probably a wise thing,

01:19:16.120 because,

01:19:17.120 even if Esau is 95% convinced

01:19:20.120 that just seeing his brother is enough,

01:19:22.120 there's probably 5% of him

01:19:24.120 that's still really not all that happy.

01:19:26.120 And,

01:19:27.120 so you have to be careful,

01:19:28.120 you know,

01:19:29.120 when you say that you forgive someone,

01:19:30.120 because,

01:19:31.120 there might be a part of you that really doesn't,

01:19:33.120 that really needs something else,

01:19:35.120 before you can actually say,

01:19:36.120 okay,

01:19:37.120 look,

01:19:38.120 fight.

01:19:39.120 You know,

01:19:40.120 and you don't want to fool yourself about that,

01:19:41.120 because that 5% that,

01:19:43.120 hasn't been completely convinced,

01:19:45.120 will find its voice at some point,

01:19:47.120 and then maybe undermine the whole reconciliation process.

01:19:50.120 So,

01:19:51.120 you don't want to think that you're any better than you are,

01:19:53.120 or any nicer than you are.

01:19:55.120 It's not helpful.

01:19:56.120 And so,

01:19:57.120 Esau is smart, I think.

01:19:58.120 So,

01:19:59.120 while Jacob's smart to say,

01:20:00.120 no, no.

01:20:01.120 Like,

01:20:02.120 thanks a lot,

01:20:03.120 but take the damn goats.

01:20:04.120 And,

01:20:05.120 Jacob,

01:20:06.120 and,

01:20:07.120 Esau is smart enough to accept that.

01:20:09.120 And he might do that maybe to,

01:20:11.120 you know,

01:20:12.120 to please Jacob.

01:20:15.120 But also,

01:20:16.120 I think so that there really is the possibility of establishing peace.

01:20:19.120 Because,

01:20:20.120 hypothetically,

01:20:21.120 the gift that's being offered is of sufficient magnitude to erase the debt of the loss of the birthright.

01:20:28.120 It's something like that, right?

01:20:29.120 It's,

01:20:30.120 it's,

01:20:31.120 it's the payment of the real debt.

01:20:34.120 And,

01:20:37.120 Esau said,

01:20:38.120 what meanest thou by all this drove which I met?

01:20:40.120 And Jacob said,

01:20:41.120 these are to find grace in the sight of my Lord.

01:20:44.120 And Esau says,

01:20:46.120 I have enough, brother.

01:20:47.120 Keep thou,

01:20:48.120 keep that that thou hast unto thyself.

01:20:57.120 And Jacob said,

01:20:58.120 and this is an interesting statement, I think.

01:21:00.120 No,

01:21:01.120 I pray you,

01:21:02.120 if I have now found grace in thy sight,

01:21:04.120 take the present at my hand.

01:21:07.120 For therefore I have seen thy face,

01:21:09.120 as though I had seen the face of God,

01:21:11.120 and thou was pleased with me.

01:21:13.120 And so that's,

01:21:14.120 so he's,

01:21:15.120 he's taking the honorable judgment of his brother,

01:21:19.120 because it is honorable,

01:21:20.120 because Esau did get betrayed.

01:21:22.120 So he has a right to be standing in judgment.

01:21:25.120 And he equates that judgment with,

01:21:29.120 with,

01:21:30.120 what would you say,

01:21:31.120 with the highest of virtues.

01:21:32.120 It's appropriate judgment.

01:21:34.120 And so,

01:21:35.120 he wants

01:21:36.120 to make complete amends to Esau,

01:21:39.120 as if Esau is a representative of the divine element of justice.

01:21:43.120 And,

01:21:44.120 I guess that's convincing to Esau.

01:21:47.120 It's quite a thing to say.

01:21:49.120 You know,

01:21:50.120 that I need to be reconciled to you,

01:21:52.120 because that would simultaneously reconcile me with God.

01:21:54.120 It's like,

01:21:55.120 it's crucial.

01:21:56.120 This is between us,

01:21:57.120 but it's,

01:21:58.120 there's a higher principle at stake that's vital.

01:22:00.120 And I think that is the case with betrayal.

01:22:02.120 That's very frequently the case,

01:22:04.120 because if you betray someone,

01:22:05.120 you really have violated,

01:22:07.120 you've deeply violated,

01:22:09.120 what can only be called a sacred trust.

01:22:11.120 It's the right terminology for that.

01:22:13.120 Take it,

01:22:14.120 I pray,

01:22:15.120 the,

01:22:16.120 my blessing,

01:22:17.120 that is brought to thee,

01:22:18.120 because God has dealt graciously with me,

01:22:19.120 and because I have enough.

01:22:20.120 And he urged him,

01:22:21.120 and he took it.

01:22:23.120 So,

01:22:24.120 you know,

01:22:25.120 the story seems to be something like,

01:22:27.120 well,

01:22:28.120 Jacob was,

01:22:29.120 kind of an arrogant,

01:22:31.120 crooked,

01:22:32.120 deceitful character.

01:22:34.120 Maybe over impressed with his own ability.

01:22:36.120 He thought it was pretty amusing to pull,

01:22:38.120 a fast trick or two on his brother.

01:22:41.120 Then he ran off,

01:22:42.120 which is not all that brave.

01:22:44.120 And then he got walloped a lot,

01:22:46.120 and perhaps learned something.

01:22:48.120 And then when he came back,

01:22:50.120 you know,

01:22:51.120 he was a different person.

01:22:52.120 And so that's a,

01:22:53.120 that's a reasonable story.

01:22:58.120 And you know,

01:22:59.120 he,

01:23:00.120 he has to repent completely,

01:23:02.120 of,

01:23:03.120 about what he did,

01:23:05.120 before he can,

01:23:06.120 rectify the situation properly.

01:23:08.120 And he's willing to do that.

01:23:10.120 So that's an interesting idea too,

01:23:13.120 because it's,

01:23:14.120 it's,

01:23:15.120 it's an early reflection of the idea,

01:23:17.120 that it is,

01:23:18.120 if you do something wrong in the past,

01:23:20.120 A,

01:23:21.120 that you can learn from it.

01:23:22.120 Right?

01:23:23.120 So that you're actually capable of learning.

01:23:25.120 And B,

01:23:26.120 that you can set the,

01:23:28.120 balance right in the present.

01:23:30.120 And those are very optimistic ideas,

01:23:32.120 you know,

01:23:33.120 because,

01:23:34.120 you might say,

01:23:35.120 well,

01:23:36.120 once you've committed some sort of crime,

01:23:37.120 that's it,

01:23:38.120 there's no hope for you.

01:23:39.120 But that's pretty rough,

01:23:40.120 because,

01:23:41.120 the probability that you've done,

01:23:42.120 unethical things at some point in your life,

01:23:44.120 is a hundred percent.

01:23:46.120 And so,

01:23:47.120 if there was no way,

01:23:48.120 of,

01:23:49.120 setting the,

01:23:50.120 balance right after that,

01:23:51.120 then everybody would be doomed.

01:23:53.120 So,

01:23:57.120 So then the story gets rough again.

01:23:59.120 Jacob settles in Shalem.

01:24:01.120 Or Shalem.

01:24:02.120 Dinah,

01:24:03.120 his daughter,

01:24:04.120 goes looking around for friends.

01:24:05.120 Shechem,

01:24:06.120 the son of Hamor,

01:24:07.120 lays with her.

01:24:08.120 And then wants her for his wife.

01:24:10.120 He actually has the order reversed there.

01:24:12.120 That turns out to be a problem.

01:24:14.120 Jacob hears of this.

01:24:16.120 The fathers talk.

01:24:18.120 And so,

01:24:19.120 they make an agreement.

01:24:20.120 The agreement is,

01:24:22.120 is that,

01:24:23.120 if all of Hamor's men,

01:24:25.120 including Hamor and his son,

01:24:26.120 are circumcised,

01:24:28.120 so that's the proper offering.

01:24:30.120 I guess that brings them into the familial fold,

01:24:33.120 and indicates that they're willing to make a sacrifice to do so.

01:24:36.120 Especially after,

01:24:37.120 you know,

01:24:38.120 Shechem put the cart before the horse,

01:24:40.120 let's say.

01:24:41.120 The men of Hamor are circumcised.

01:24:43.120 They agree to do so.

01:24:45.120 That turns out to be a big mistake.

01:24:47.120 So while they're laying around the next day,

01:24:50.120 suffering madly from the circumcision,

01:24:52.120 Simeon and Levi come in.

01:24:55.120 They sneak in and kill all of them.

01:24:57.120 And take their wealth and their women and children.

01:24:59.120 That's rough.

01:25:00.120 It's rough.

01:25:01.120 Yeah, I guess you guys noticed that, eh?

01:25:06.120 So,

01:25:07.120 So,

01:25:10.120 So, they're honor societies, right?

01:25:12.120 And there's still lots of honor societies in the world.

01:25:14.120 And so they don't take kindly to what happened to their,

01:25:17.120 to their sister.

01:25:18.120 Although they don't kill her.

01:25:20.120 So,

01:25:21.120 Now,

01:25:24.120 it turns out that,

01:25:25.120 yeah,

01:25:26.120 it says,

01:25:27.120 As it came to pass on the third day,

01:25:28.120 when they were sore,

01:25:29.120 the two of the sons of Jacob,

01:25:31.120 Simeon and Levi,

01:25:32.120 Dinah's brethren,

01:25:33.120 took each man his sword,

01:25:34.120 and came upon the city boldly,

01:25:35.120 and slew all the males.

01:25:37.120 And they slew Hamor and Shechem his son,

01:25:39.120 with the edge of the sword,

01:25:40.120 and took Dinah out of Shechem's house,

01:25:42.120 and went out.

01:25:43.120 The sons of Jacob came upon the slain,

01:25:46.120 and spoiled the city,

01:25:47.120 because they had defiled their sister.

01:25:50.120 They took the sheep,

01:25:51.120 and the oxen,

01:25:52.120 and the asses,

01:25:53.120 and that which was in the city,

01:25:54.120 and that which was in the field,

01:25:55.120 and all their wealth,

01:25:56.120 and all their little ones,

01:25:57.120 and their wives,

01:25:58.120 took the cape captive,

01:25:59.120 and spoiled everything else that was in the house.

01:26:02.120 And Jacob actually turns out not to be very happy about that,

01:26:05.120 because he'd met with Hamor,

01:26:07.120 and they, like, hammered out a deal,

01:26:09.120 and that,

01:26:10.120 and that's where they were living,

01:26:11.120 and so he figured, well,

01:26:13.120 that he was making the best of a bad lot, let's say,

01:26:16.120 and his sons went behind his back,

01:26:18.120 and Jacob says to Simeon and Levi,

01:26:22.120 you have troubled me to make me stink among the inhabitants of the land,

01:26:26.120 among the Canaanites and the Perizzites,

01:26:28.120 and I being few in number,

01:26:30.120 they shall gather themselves now together against me,

01:26:33.120 and slay me,

01:26:34.120 and I shall be destroyed,

01:26:35.120 I and my house.

01:26:36.120 And they said,

01:26:37.120 should he deal with our sister as with a harlot?

01:26:40.120 And God said unto Jacob,

01:26:44.120 and this is where we get back to the idea of the center,

01:26:47.120 God says to Jacob,

01:26:48.120 arise, go to Bethel,

01:26:50.120 and dwell there.

01:26:52.120 Okay, so Bethel was where Jacob had originally put that pillar, right?

01:26:55.120 So now it's back,

01:26:56.120 so it's a real hero's journey, right?

01:26:59.120 There's the place that,

01:27:01.120 he has a set place,

01:27:03.120 he goes out and has these adventures,

01:27:05.120 and undergoes a moral transformation,

01:27:07.120 reconciles,

01:27:09.120 and then he comes back to the same place,

01:27:11.120 right, as a transformed person.

01:27:13.120 So that's a full hero cycle.

01:27:15.120 Arise, go to Bethel, and dwell there,

01:27:17.120 and make there an altar unto God,

01:27:19.120 that appeared to thee when thou fleddest from the face of Esau thy brother.

01:27:23.120 And Jacob said to his household,

01:27:25.120 and to all that were with them,

01:27:26.120 put away the strange gods that are among you,

01:27:29.120 and be clean,

01:27:31.120 and change your garments,

01:27:33.120 and let us arise and go up to Bethel.

01:27:35.120 And I will make there an altar unto God,

01:27:37.120 who answered me in the day of my distress,

01:27:39.120 and was with me in the way which I went.

01:27:42.120 And they gave unto Jacob all the strange gods which were in their hand,

01:27:46.120 and all their earrings which were in their ears.

01:27:49.120 And Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem,

01:27:51.120 and they journeyed.

01:27:53.120 And the terror of God was upon the cities that were round about them,

01:27:56.120 and they did not pursue after the sons of Jacob.

01:27:59.120 So Jacob came to Luz,

01:28:01.120 which is in the land of Canaan.

01:28:02.120 That is Bethel,

01:28:03.120 so that's the place where he put up the pillar to begin with.

01:28:06.120 He and all the people that were there with him.

01:28:08.120 And he built there an altar,

01:28:10.120 and called the place El Bethel,

01:28:12.120 because there God appeared to him when he fled from the face of his brother.

01:28:16.120 And God appeared to Jacob again,

01:28:18.120 when he came out of Paddan Aram and blessed him.

01:28:20.120 And God said unto him,

01:28:22.120 Thy name is Jacob.

01:28:24.120 Thy name shall not be called any more Jacob,

01:28:27.120 which you remember means usurper.

01:28:29.120 But Israel shall be thy name,

01:28:31.120 he who wrestles with God.

01:28:34.120 And he called his name Israel.

01:28:37.120 And God said to him,

01:28:38.120 I am God Almighty, be fruitful and multiply.

01:28:40.120 A nation and a company of nations shall be of thee,

01:28:43.120 and kings shall come out of thy loins.

01:28:45.120 And the land which I gave Abraham and Isaac,

01:28:47.120 to thee I will give it,

01:28:48.120 and to thy seed after thee will I give the land.

01:28:52.120 And God went up from him in the place where he talked with him.

01:28:55.120 And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he talked with him,

01:28:59.120 a pillar of stone.

01:29:00.120 And he poured a drink offering thereon,

01:29:02.120 and he poured oil thereon.

01:29:04.120 And Jacob called the name of the place where God spake with him,

01:29:07.120 Bethel.

01:29:16.120 So he's returned to the central place which had been given to him as his territory.

01:29:23.120 Rachel dies in labor,

01:29:26.120 in the process giving birth to Benoni,

01:29:29.120 the son of my sorrow,

01:29:31.120 whose name was then changed to Benjamin,

01:29:33.120 son of the right hand.

01:29:36.120 Now Reuben,

01:29:39.120 so Simeon and Levi have already done something unforgivable.

01:29:44.120 Now Reuben, it's Reuben's term,

01:29:46.120 he sleeps with Bilhah,

01:29:47.120 who's Jacob, Israel's concubine.

01:29:50.120 So he's the third of the sons to make an unforgivable error.

01:29:53.120 And Jacob,

01:29:54.120 slash Israel gets wind of it.

01:29:56.120 So Reuben is no longer,

01:29:58.120 he would have been the premier son,

01:30:00.120 given that the two older sons were put out of the running,

01:30:04.120 so to speak,

01:30:05.120 because of their disobedience and impulsive,

01:30:08.120 vengeful cruelty.

01:30:10.120 And then Reuben can't keep his,

01:30:12.120 what do they say?

01:30:14.120 Well you get the idea.

01:30:16.120 Yeah,

01:30:18.120 seems to be something that's still quite surprisingly common.

01:30:25.120 So then we have this story that,

01:30:27.120 that basically ends with this establishment of the twelve tribes of Israel.

01:30:33.120 From Leah, there's Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar and Zebulun.

01:30:38.120 From Zilpah, there's Gad and Asher.

01:30:40.120 From Bilah, there's Dan and Naphtali.

01:30:42.120 And from Rachel, there's Joseph,

01:30:45.120 who figures, extraordinarily importantly,

01:30:47.120 in the next story that we're going to cover,

01:30:49.120 which hopefully will wrap up Genesis and Benjamin.

01:30:53.120 And so now,

01:30:55.120 Israel itself is established.

01:31:02.120 And so then we turn to,

01:31:04.120 I'm actually going to end this early tonight,

01:31:06.120 that's quite a bloody miracle.

01:31:08.120 So,

01:31:10.120 the story then turns to Joseph,

01:31:13.120 and

01:31:15.120 the story begins essentially,

01:31:17.120 now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children,

01:31:20.120 because he was the son of his old age.

01:31:22.120 And he made him a coat of many colors.

01:31:25.120 And so,

01:31:26.120 what that seems to me to indicate,

01:31:28.120 you know,

01:31:29.120 coats in dreams,

01:31:30.120 very often,

01:31:31.120 seems to be particularly true of women's dreams.

01:31:33.120 That's been my clinical observation.

01:31:36.120 Clothing,

01:31:37.120 footwear in particular,

01:31:39.120 symbolizes a role.

01:31:42.120 And that makes sense,

01:31:43.120 right?

01:31:44.120 Because you dress for the roles.

01:31:45.120 It's not that big a mystery.

01:31:46.120 But,

01:31:47.120 so then you might say,

01:31:48.120 well what does a coat of many colors indicate?

01:31:50.120 And,

01:31:51.120 you know,

01:31:52.120 if you think of

01:31:53.120 the multiplicity there,

01:31:55.120 it's something like the mastery of multiple domains,

01:31:59.120 right?

01:32:00.120 Or maybe something like pluripotentiality.

01:32:02.120 And so,

01:32:03.120 Jacob is,

01:32:04.120 is Israel's,

01:32:05.120 or

01:32:06.120 Joseph is Israel's favorite.

01:32:08.120 And,

01:32:09.120 because he sees in him this

01:32:10.120 excess possibility.

01:32:12.120 And,

01:32:13.120 he basically tells his other sons that,

01:32:15.120 Jacob is going to be

01:32:17.120 the head son.

01:32:18.120 Which,

01:32:19.120 they are not happy with,

01:32:20.120 right?

01:32:21.120 Because he's just this young punk,

01:32:22.120 fundamentally.

01:32:23.120 And he's clearly his father's favorite.

01:32:24.120 And he gets this coat that's sort of

01:32:26.120 indicative of this higher status.

01:32:28.120 And so,

01:32:29.120 Israel,

01:32:30.120 inadvertently,

01:32:32.120 sets up a tremendous amount of sibling rivalry

01:32:36.120 in the household again.

01:32:37.120 And that,

01:32:38.120 that's the,

01:32:40.120 the,

01:32:41.120 under structure of the,

01:32:43.120 last story in Genesis.

01:32:45.120 And so,

01:32:46.120 in,

01:32:47.120 in,

01:32:48.120 in the last of this lecture series for 2017,

01:32:52.120 we'll cover the story of Joseph,

01:32:54.120 and,

01:32:55.120 and his coat of many colors.

01:32:56.120 And what happens as a consequence of his,

01:32:58.120 of the favoritism shown to him by his father.

01:33:02.120 And,

01:33:03.120 uh,

01:33:04.120 we'll track what happens as a consequence of that.

01:33:08.120 And so,

01:33:09.120 I'm going to stop there,

01:33:10.120 because I'm finished.

01:33:11.120 So.

01:33:12.120 Hello,

01:33:13.120 Dr. Peterson.

01:33:14.120 Um,

01:33:15.120 this is an idea I've been wrestling with,

01:33:17.120 for quite some time now.

01:33:18.120 Um,

01:33:19.120 this idea of,

01:33:20.120 a lot of like,

01:33:21.120 the greatest sources of wisdom that we've received,

01:33:22.120 uh,

01:33:23.120 through human history,

01:33:24.120 either through texts,

01:33:25.120 experiences,

01:33:26.120 or,

01:33:27.120 uh,

01:33:28.120 scriptures,

01:33:29.120 seems to always come from people,

01:33:30.120 going to isolation,

01:33:31.120 and then coming back.

01:33:32.120 So,

01:33:33.120 I've had a hard time trying to figure out,

01:33:35.120 from a scientific point of view,

01:33:37.120 or evolutionary point of view,

01:33:39.120 what would compel an organism to,

01:33:42.120 that is,

01:33:43.120 that is centered around its behavior,

01:33:45.120 its behavior centered around,

01:33:47.120 its behavior centered around,

01:33:49.120 how do you,

01:33:50.120 what would compel an organism to,

01:33:53.120 that is,

01:33:54.120 that is centered around,

01:33:55.120 its behavior centered around,

01:33:56.120 is that the brain,

01:33:57.120 Behaviour is centred around surviving, especially for humans, in social groups as well as reproducing,

01:34:03.360 to want to go into isolation.

01:34:06.620 And then, not only that, but obtain some level of information that actually helps the group in coming back.

01:34:14.340 That's a really good question.

01:34:16.920 Okay, so there's this neuroscientist, neuropsychologist named L. Conan Goldberg.

01:34:23.920 And Goldberg was a student of Alexander Luria.

01:34:28.080 And Alexander Luria was a Russian neuropsychologist, perhaps the foremost neuropsychologist of the mid to late 20th century.

01:34:36.740 And he had students, Sokolov and Vinigradova, who discovered the orienting reflex, for example.

01:34:43.660 The orienting reflex is the reflex that orients you when something anomalous interferes with your goal-directed behaviour.

01:34:49.420 It was a major discovery, like one of the four or five most important discoveries that have ever been made in psychology, I would say.

01:34:59.220 Certainly in neuroscience.

01:35:00.560 So Luria was a big deal.

01:35:01.800 And he was the first person who really established the functional role of the prefrontal cortex as well.

01:35:08.540 So, and had a very nice overall view of how the brain functioned.

01:35:13.960 His book was written in 1980 and it's still, there's still lots in it that's really useful.

01:35:19.040 Which is pretty strange for a science that's advanced that quickly.

01:35:22.300 Anyways, so Goldberg came from a great pedigree.

01:35:26.020 I believe Luria's teacher was Pavlov, if I remember correctly.

01:35:32.700 So, anyways.

01:35:39.320 Goldberg, you know, you hear, some of you may have heard the idea that the left hemisphere is more linguistic than the right hemisphere.

01:35:49.600 is that the left hemisphere is specialised for language and the right hemisphere is specialised for non-verbal imagistic communication.

01:35:57.780 The left hemisphere has a pretty well-organised microstructure and the right hemisphere is more diffuse as well.

01:36:05.800 And that's true in left-handed males in particular.

01:36:10.120 So, the circuitry can be switched around a bit, but, it's okay, the modules are basically the same, although they can be moved a little bit.

01:36:17.700 But Goldberg thought that it isn't language versus non-language, it's routine versus novelty.

01:36:24.960 And so the left hemisphere, and there's a neuropsychologist, physician named Ramachandran, who's done some very interesting work.

01:36:34.540 That's pertinent to this, maybe I'll tell you a story about him.

01:36:37.380 Anyways, Goldberg believed that the right hemisphere...

01:36:43.100 So, you have very old systems underneath both cortical hemispheres that do things like respond to anomaly, to the thing that doesn't fit, to the predator in the distance.

01:36:55.420 Some of that's extraordinarily fast, so that would be like a snake reflex that can move you away from a snake in less time than it takes the snake to bite.

01:37:02.920 And it's really a reflex, it doesn't even hit your brain, it's really super fast.

01:37:07.380 And then there's a defensive crouch that's instantiated higher up in the nervous system, but that's still remarkably fast.

01:37:14.940 And then there's fear as an emotion, and the orientation of attention, and then there's the cognitive processing, and that all streams out across a time span, right?

01:37:24.700 And maybe that time span is half a second.

01:37:27.060 And that's really a long time if something is attacking you.

01:37:29.940 So, those initial responses are quite primitive, but they're extraordinarily fast.

01:37:35.100 Alright, so, there's sub-cortical structures that orient you towards novelty and prepare you for freezing or for attending.

01:37:44.660 And the right hemisphere seems to be dominated by those systems.

01:37:48.460 So, imagine that what happens is that something threatens you, you orient towards it, the right hemisphere produces a bunch of images about what it might be.

01:37:57.700 So, imagine that's what happens when a child is afraid of the dark.

01:38:01.560 The child's on the bed, they're afraid of the dark, they're crouched because they're frozen like a prey animal,

01:38:06.540 and their right hemisphere is producing monsters to inhabit the darkness that are the child's hypotheses about what might be out there.

01:38:16.520 Okay.

01:38:17.720 Because that's what you want to know, right?

01:38:19.800 You want to know what's out there.

01:38:21.800 And then you want to know what to do about it.

01:38:23.740 And I can tell you two kids' dreams that are sort of relevant to that.

01:38:28.080 So, when my daughter was about three, she came into the bedroom that my wife and I had, and she was crying.

01:38:36.940 She'd had a nightmare.

01:38:38.220 And she said that she saw a stream, and there was garbage all over the stream.

01:38:44.020 And she didn't like that.

01:38:45.600 And so, I sat her down, and I said,

01:38:46.900 Okay, so, imagine the stream with the garbage in it.

01:38:50.200 Now, imagine that you're taking the garbage out and throwing it in the garbage.

01:38:53.740 And so, she, and I got her to, like, visualize that, because that kind of puts her back in the semi-dream state.

01:38:59.960 And then she cleaned up the mess, and then she could go off to sleep.

01:39:03.240 Now, you could tell the child, don't worry about it, the dream isn't real.

01:39:06.800 That's not, that's true, because it's not real like other daytime things are, but it's not like it's not real.

01:39:13.660 It's a dream.

01:39:14.620 Like, a dream is real, it's just not the same kind of real.

01:39:17.800 And so, what I did with her was to indicate to her practically that if she saw something anomalous,

01:39:25.980 something that was out of place, right, something that was a mess,

01:39:29.280 that it was within her capacity to set it right.

01:39:33.420 Okay, and so, okay, so, now,

01:39:35.360 your right hemisphere tells you what monsters might inhabit the, the darkness.

01:39:41.460 Now, what you have to do is figure out,

01:39:43.540 there's two things you have to figure out.

01:39:45.000 One is,

01:39:46.340 what to do about a given monster.

01:39:49.640 And the other is to do, what about,

01:39:51.440 is to figure out what to do about the class of all possible monsters.

01:39:56.160 Right.

01:39:57.000 That's a whole different thing.

01:39:58.240 That's something that only human beings are capable of,

01:40:00.460 that level of abstraction.

01:40:01.740 Right, and so, what you might do about a particular monster is hide,

01:40:06.560 or go out and get rid of it.

01:40:08.840 If it was just an actual animal, right.

01:40:11.300 But that doesn't help,

01:40:12.420 because there's all the other potential predators that are still there.

01:40:15.760 And so, maybe you can go hunt all them down,

01:40:17.880 but that doesn't help either,

01:40:18.960 because you can't hunt them all down.

01:40:21.280 It's not, or it's not very likely, anyways.

01:40:23.220 So, instead, what you have to do is figure out how to configure yourself,

01:40:26.480 so that you're in the best possible position,

01:40:28.540 to fight off the monsters when they come.

01:40:30.400 That's your best bet.

01:40:32.820 Alright, so now, people are trying to figure this out forever.

01:40:36.080 They're trying to figure out,

01:40:37.420 what's the answer to the problem of the class of all possible monsters?

01:40:42.500 Part of that's sacrifice.

01:40:44.380 So, there are routines, for example,

01:40:47.700 in Hinduism,

01:40:49.720 with the goddess Kelly,

01:40:50.840 you make offerings to Kelly,

01:40:52.260 who's this devouring goddess.

01:40:53.680 And then she turns into her benevolent counterpart.

01:40:57.440 And so, sacrifice is actually one way that you can tame the monsters.

01:41:01.440 If you think about the monster as the set of all negative future potentialities,

01:41:07.020 you make the proper sacrifices,

01:41:08.560 those monsters stay at bay.

01:41:09.800 But then there's heroism as an alternative, too.

01:41:13.320 Which means the active confrontation of the class of all possible monsters,

01:41:18.500 and the building of yourself up into the sort of courageous person that can do that.

01:41:22.400 It took a tremendous amount of meditation

01:41:24.880 to transform those images,

01:41:28.760 say, of the monsters,

01:41:31.240 into,

01:41:34.060 or to solve the problem of the class of those monsters.

01:41:37.640 So, now I'll tell you another child's dream.

01:41:40.140 So, some of you have probably heard this before,

01:41:42.580 but it's such a great dream that it's worth,

01:41:44.460 it's worth telling.

01:41:48.680 So,

01:41:49.680 I was at my sister-in-law's house once,

01:41:51.860 and her son was running around.

01:41:53.860 He's about four.

01:41:55.140 Very precocious.

01:41:56.140 Very verbal.

01:41:56.760 Very intelligent.

01:41:58.940 Running around with a night hat on and a sword.

01:42:01.960 So, he's engaged in this pretty intense play world.

01:42:05.620 And when he goes to sleep,

01:42:06.640 he puts the night hat on his pillow and the sword by his pillow.

01:42:10.120 And at the same time,

01:42:11.640 he's having night terror.

01:42:13.540 So, he's waking up,

01:42:14.620 and it had been for a number of weeks,

01:42:16.880 Nate waking up screaming.

01:42:18.520 And then,

01:42:19.520 but he doesn't know why.

01:42:21.440 There's some things that aren't going so well in the household,

01:42:24.480 and the parents get divorced shortly afterwards.

01:42:27.740 Okay.

01:42:28.020 So, that's what's going on underneath, right?

01:42:31.700 And he's also going to go to kindergarten,

01:42:33.820 and so he's about to go into the world.

01:42:35.380 And so, he's coping with this.

01:42:38.180 You know?

01:42:38.920 So,

01:42:40.640 I'm watching him zoom around as this knight,

01:42:42.980 and thinking,

01:42:43.400 that's pretty cool.

01:42:44.020 And that night,

01:42:46.600 he woke up and had a,

01:42:48.180 and he was screaming.

01:42:49.240 And so,

01:42:49.960 we were all at breakfast the next morning,

01:42:52.340 and I said,

01:42:53.720 did you dream anything?

01:42:55.540 And he got really intense.

01:42:57.560 And he said,

01:42:58.400 yes,

01:42:58.780 I had a dream.

01:43:00.280 And I said,

01:43:00.980 well,

01:43:01.140 what was the dream?

01:43:01.840 And he said,

01:43:02.300 well,

01:43:03.000 I was out on this field,

01:43:05.620 and all these,

01:43:07.360 like,

01:43:08.360 dwarfs came up to me.

01:43:09.480 They were only about as high as my knees,

01:43:11.020 and they didn't have any arms.

01:43:13.580 They had powerful legs,

01:43:15.080 and they were covered with,

01:43:16.980 like,

01:43:17.480 hairy feathers and grease,

01:43:19.240 and there was cross carved in the top of their head,

01:43:22.040 and they had beaks.

01:43:23.840 And whenever he moved anywhere,

01:43:26.140 they would jump at him with their beaks,

01:43:28.500 and there were lots of them.

01:43:30.000 And everyone,

01:43:30.580 like,

01:43:30.820 just said nothing at breakfast.

01:43:33.220 It was like,

01:43:34.220 yeah.

01:43:35.540 Cousin,

01:43:36.020 he was right into this story,

01:43:37.620 eh?

01:43:37.920 And so,

01:43:38.520 we were all like,

01:43:39.120 yeah,

01:43:39.440 well,

01:43:39.640 that accounts for all the screaming.

01:43:42.660 And so,

01:43:44.540 and then he said,

01:43:45.540 yeah,

01:43:45.900 and then in the background,

01:43:46.980 there was a dragon.

01:43:48.620 And every time the dragon puffed out smoke,

01:43:52.360 it would turn into these dwarfs.

01:43:55.620 It's like,

01:43:56.340 oh,

01:43:56.620 man,

01:43:56.940 kid,

01:43:57.140 you really got a problem there.

01:43:58.400 You got,

01:43:58.740 you got beat things that are biting you,

01:44:01.420 and you can kill them,

01:44:02.960 and that's fine.

01:44:04.520 But then there's the dragon just puffing out new ones.

01:44:07.380 So it's like a hydra problem,

01:44:09.020 right?

01:44:09.120 You cut the old hydra as the serpent.

01:44:10.520 You cut off one head,

01:44:11.280 seven more grow.

01:44:12.480 It's not a good thing.

01:44:13.560 And it's such a cool dream,

01:44:15.260 because it really portrayed this class of all possible monsters problem.

01:44:20.540 So you've got the specific monsters,

01:44:22.700 and that's a problem.

01:44:23.800 So you've got to get rid of them.

01:44:24.960 But that's not the problem.

01:44:25.980 The problem is that there's something in the background that's just generating monsters like mad.

01:44:31.500 And so I said to him,

01:44:33.060 what do you think you could do about that?

01:44:36.120 And that's a loaded question, right?

01:44:38.820 That's like leading the witness in a trial.

01:44:40.840 You don't get to ask a question like that,

01:44:42.960 because it implies that it implies the answer.

01:44:46.600 What could you do about that is not any different than saying you could do something about that.

01:44:52.900 Right?

01:44:53.140 So I hinted at that as a possibility.

01:44:57.620 And his eyes lit up.

01:44:58.740 Now you remember,

01:44:59.380 he's already running around as a knight,

01:45:01.160 so he kind of already knew what to do,

01:45:03.720 because he had the whole sword and the hat.

01:45:05.580 And with that,

01:45:06.760 you know that you can go after the dragon.

01:45:08.660 He kind of got that.

01:45:09.700 And he said,

01:45:11.340 I'd get my dad,

01:45:13.480 and then I'd jump up on top of the dragon,

01:45:16.020 and I'd poke out both of its eyes with my sword,

01:45:18.800 and then it'd go right down its throat to the firebox,

01:45:22.280 where the fire comes out,

01:45:23.320 and I'd carve out a piece of the firebox,

01:45:25.740 and then I'd use that as a shield.

01:45:28.100 And I thought,

01:45:29.140 yes!

01:45:32.220 Right.

01:45:33.240 Right.

01:45:34.220 Man,

01:45:35.080 it's so smart, eh?

01:45:36.680 Because he got the thing instantly.

01:45:38.520 He knew that,

01:45:39.580 he knew,

01:45:40.300 so imagine,

01:45:41.040 first of all,

01:45:41.500 he thought,

01:45:41.920 okay,

01:45:42.100 I have to go to the heart of the problem.

01:45:44.160 Right?

01:45:44.420 And really to the heart,

01:45:45.540 not to the dragon,

01:45:46.760 but right down the damn thing's gullet,

01:45:49.060 right to the place where the fire was actually being,

01:45:52.340 was actually being created.

01:45:54.260 Because there,

01:45:54.960 it was there you could find the shield,

01:45:57.040 and that he'd take this thing that was fireproof,

01:45:59.120 and make a shield out of it.

01:46:00.500 And so that was just,

01:46:02.040 dead,

01:46:02.820 bloody perfect.

01:46:03.720 It was so cool.

01:46:04.780 And you think,

01:46:05.400 well,

01:46:05.540 how could a kid come up with that?

01:46:07.020 And there's a bunch of answers.

01:46:08.820 I mean,

01:46:09.020 one is,

01:46:09.720 we know snake fear is innate.

01:46:11.280 We know that now.

01:46:12.060 There's been recent research that has demonstrated that.

01:46:16.140 Okay,

01:46:16.400 so,

01:46:17.020 and we've been preyed on,

01:46:18.480 and been predators for a very long period of time.

01:46:21.120 So the idea that,

01:46:22.720 and I found something else interesting about the brain out,

01:46:25.620 out about the brain recently too,

01:46:27.900 in a book I was reading by Ray Kurzweil,

01:46:30.260 called How to Build a Mind.

01:46:31.320 I think that's what it was called.

01:46:32.320 It was quite a good book.

01:46:33.860 So,

01:46:34.300 I think it was in that book,

01:46:36.560 or it was in a neuroscience paper I was reading.

01:46:38.500 Doesn't matter.

01:46:39.240 But it was in one of those two places.

01:46:41.140 So,

01:46:41.420 you know that scanning technology has got more and more high resolution over the last few years, right?

01:46:46.700 It just gets more and more high resolution all the time.

01:46:49.300 And so,

01:46:49.680 people are now able to look at the microstructures of the brain,

01:46:53.120 in a way that hasn't been possible before.

01:46:55.020 And so,

01:46:55.740 the old idea with the cortex,

01:46:57.360 basically,

01:46:57.840 was that the cortex was full of a bunch of neurons,

01:47:00.860 and then,

01:47:01.520 when one neuron and another fired at the same time,

01:47:04.100 they would wire together.

01:47:05.420 And that's kind of how your brain learned to make connections.

01:47:08.960 It's a bit more complicated than that,

01:47:10.580 but that will do.

01:47:11.380 And then it was found that it wasn't quite that simple,

01:47:14.440 because,

01:47:15.320 what your cortex is made out of,

01:47:17.320 are these columns of neurons,

01:47:19.460 that are duplicated,

01:47:20.600 it's sort of like a centipede's legs.

01:47:23.540 You know,

01:47:23.980 it's very simple genetic code to add another leg,

01:47:27.080 set of legs to a centipede.

01:47:28.660 It's sort of like that with your brain.

01:47:30.000 It's made out of all these columns.

01:47:31.520 And the columns are basically already quite wired up.

01:47:35.320 And then,

01:47:35.780 as you learn,

01:47:36.540 the columns wire together.

01:47:38.600 Okay,

01:47:38.980 so there's some pre-existent structure there,

01:47:40.960 but there's more pre-existent structure than that was thought.

01:47:44.380 So,

01:47:45.380 it's basically that there are already tracks,

01:47:48.580 that link columns together,

01:47:51.420 that are in different parts of the brain.

01:47:53.760 And the columns can,

01:47:55.040 or the columns themselves,

01:47:56.200 can send out dendrites to these superhighways,

01:48:00.180 which are already there.

01:48:01.600 And then the superhighway is there,

01:48:03.220 and then it can generate connections to the columns at the end of the superhighway.

01:48:07.960 So,

01:48:08.180 what that means is that there's a tremendous amount of cortical structure.

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01:50:58.700 Welcome to the Jordan B. Peterson podcast.

01:51:04.520 You can support these podcasts

01:51:06.260 by donating to Dr. Peterson's Patreon,

01:51:08.800 the link to which can be found in the description.

01:51:11.920 Dr. Peterson's self-development programs,

01:51:14.560 self-authoring,

01:51:15.380 can be found at selfauthoring.com.

01:51:17.100 Thank you.

01:51:28.700 All right, so the last time I was here,

01:51:35.900 many of you were as well,

01:51:37.760 we got halfway through the story of Jacob

01:51:39.760 and I've been digging underneath the story

01:51:42.720 sporadically since then

01:51:45.680 to try to find out

01:51:47.160 what other themes are being developed

01:51:48.660 and I've got some things

01:51:50.560 that I think are really interesting to talk about.

01:51:53.340 So we'll get right into it.

01:51:55.520 So I'm going to review a little bit first.

01:52:00.360 So we were talking about Jacob

01:52:02.880 and I'll re-update his biography a little bit

01:52:08.400 so that we can place ourselves

01:52:10.200 in the proper context before we go on.

01:52:12.920 So his mother, Rebecca,

01:52:14.760 gave birth to twins

01:52:15.800 and the twins, even in her womb,

01:52:18.380 were struggling for,

01:52:20.120 well, they were struggling

01:52:21.060 and of course the story is

01:52:22.520 that they were struggling for dominance.

01:52:23.900 It's the older or the younger

01:52:25.720 against the older really

01:52:26.820 because Jacob,

01:52:27.920 Jacob means usurper

01:52:29.100 and Rebecca had a,

01:52:31.600 what would you call,

01:52:34.380 a vision from God

01:52:35.740 that said that Jacob would supplant Esau

01:52:40.560 and so even before her twins were born,

01:52:44.060 they were in a state of competition

01:52:45.560 and that's a recapitulation

01:52:47.520 of the motif of the hostile brothers, right?

01:52:50.560 It's a very, very, very common mythological motif

01:52:54.000 and we already saw that

01:52:55.660 really well developed

01:52:57.320 in the story of Cain and Abel, right?

01:52:59.260 And Cain and Abel were essentially

01:53:01.000 the first two human beings,

01:53:02.900 the first two natural born human beings

01:53:04.800 and they were instantly locked

01:53:06.680 in a state of enmity

01:53:07.740 which is symbolic of

01:53:09.640 first the enmity that exists

01:53:12.420 within people's psyche

01:53:14.360 between the part of them

01:53:16.080 you might say

01:53:17.160 that's aiming at the light

01:53:18.260 and the part of them

01:53:19.320 that's aiming at the darkness

01:53:20.420 and I think that's a reasonable way

01:53:22.360 of portraying it.

01:53:23.980 Obviously it's a way

01:53:24.940 that's sort of rife with symbolism

01:53:27.640 but my experience of people,

01:53:31.360 especially when you get to know them seriously

01:53:34.300 or when they're dealing with serious issues

01:53:35.940 is that there is quite clearly

01:53:38.240 a part of them

01:53:38.980 that's striving to do well in the world

01:53:41.280 or even to do good

01:53:42.480 and another part

01:53:43.740 that's deeply cynical and embittered

01:53:45.640 that says to hell with it

01:53:47.560 and is self-destructive

01:53:49.160 and lashes out

01:53:50.500 and really aims at making things worse

01:53:53.680 and so that seems to be

01:53:57.180 a natural part of the human psyche

01:53:59.120 and that's also reflected

01:54:01.380 in the idea of the fall

01:54:03.720 and so those ideas

01:54:05.140 are not easily cast away

01:54:06.600 they're associated

01:54:07.660 with the rise of self-consciousness

01:54:09.420 right in the story

01:54:11.020 of the Garden of Eden

01:54:11.960 and I think that's right

01:54:13.180 because I do think

01:54:15.360 that our self-consciousness

01:54:16.740 produces that division within us

01:54:18.620 because more than any other creature

01:54:21.120 we're intensely aware

01:54:22.860 of our finitude and suffering

01:54:24.960 and that tends to turn us

01:54:26.800 at least to some degree

01:54:28.020 against being itself.

01:54:29.500 You know, I was watching

01:54:31.640 a bunch of protesters

01:54:34.120 in the U.S. last week

01:54:36.400 scream at the sky

01:54:38.300 about Trump, you know

01:54:40.700 and it was interesting

01:54:43.500 like I thought it was

01:54:44.380 an extraordinarily narcissistic display

01:54:46.700 but despite that

01:54:49.160 there's something symbolically appropriate

01:54:50.940 about it

01:54:51.640 I also

01:54:52.400 there's a movie I really like

01:54:54.460 sadly enough

01:54:55.820 called Fubar

01:54:57.100 I don't know how many of you

01:54:58.160 have seen that

01:54:58.760 yeah

01:55:02.000 you know that movie

01:55:03.080 I take it

01:55:03.780 yeah

01:55:04.620 it's about the people

01:55:05.460 I grew up with

01:55:06.400 so

01:55:07.220 yeah

01:55:07.960 that's true man

01:55:09.300 I'm telling you

01:55:09.960 that's true

01:55:10.500 so the guy

01:55:12.160 the main actor

01:55:13.120 in Fubar

01:55:13.880 who's quite bright

01:55:15.140 but completely uncivilized

01:55:17.240 gets testicular cancer

01:55:19.260 and there's one great scene

01:55:20.420 where he gets far too drunk

01:55:22.180 and he's stumbling around the street

01:55:23.560 you know

01:55:23.920 in a virtually comatose state

01:55:26.960 and of course

01:55:27.700 he's not very thrilled

01:55:28.560 with what's happened to him

01:55:29.620 and he's shaking his fist

01:55:31.080 at the sky

01:55:31.680 it's pouring rain

01:55:32.520 and he's cursing God

01:55:33.640 and you know

01:55:34.540 it's like

01:55:35.020 well

01:55:35.760 you can kind of understand

01:55:36.900 his position

01:55:37.540 so

01:55:38.120 that kind of reminded me

01:55:39.760 of these people

01:55:40.500 who were yelling at the sky

01:55:41.840 you know

01:55:42.180 they were basically

01:55:42.960 they were dramatizing

01:55:44.620 the idea

01:55:45.180 they were enraged at

01:55:47.180 well you could say God

01:55:49.000 of course

01:55:49.420 most of them wouldn't say that

01:55:50.600 but

01:55:50.800 but they were the ones

01:55:51.940 yelling at the damn sky

01:55:53.540 I mean

01:55:54.000 you know

01:55:54.740 so you gotta

01:55:55.660 you gotta look at what they're doing

01:55:57.360 rather than what they say

01:55:58.440 and they were outraged

01:55:59.520 that

01:55:59.780 being was constructed such

01:56:02.140 that Trump could have arisen

01:56:03.360 as president

01:56:04.080 and so

01:56:05.140 well

01:56:06.500 so this idea

01:56:07.380 you know

01:56:08.440 that we can be easily

01:56:09.500 turned against being

01:56:10.580 and work for its destruction

01:56:12.120 is a really

01:56:12.960 it's a really common

01:56:14.880 common common theme

01:56:16.200 it never goes away

01:56:17.260 you see it echoed in stories

01:56:19.180 like with the new marvel

01:56:20.220 series for example

01:56:21.760 you see the

01:56:22.500 enmity between Thor and Loki

01:56:24.800 that's a good example

01:56:25.820 of the same thing

01:56:26.700 or between Batman and the Joker

01:56:28.200 there's

01:56:28.540 or Superman and Lex Luthor

01:56:30.700 there's these pairs of

01:56:32.920 hero against villain

01:56:35.120 that's a really

01:56:36.000 dramatic

01:56:37.400 and easily

01:56:38.780 what

01:56:40.200 everyone can understand

01:56:41.620 that dynamic

01:56:42.460 right

01:56:42.760 it's a basic plot

01:56:44.120 and the reason

01:56:45.220 it's a basic plot

01:56:46.100 is because

01:56:46.600 it's true

01:56:47.860 of the battle

01:56:48.940 within our spirits

01:56:50.000 our own individual spirits

01:56:51.240 it's true

01:56:51.800 within families

01:56:52.700 because sibling rivalry

01:56:53.820 can be unbelievably brutal

01:56:55.720 it's true

01:56:56.780 between human beings

01:56:57.900 who are strangers

01:56:58.620 it's true

01:56:59.240 between groups of people

01:57:00.740 like

01:57:01.000 it's true

01:57:01.960 at every level

01:57:02.580 of analysis

01:57:03.160 and then

01:57:03.580 in some sense

01:57:04.880 it's

01:57:05.540 it's archetypally true

01:57:07.380 at least with regards

01:57:09.620 to deep

01:57:10.240 religious symbolism

01:57:11.520 because you see that

01:57:12.380 echoed

01:57:12.860 in many stories

01:57:13.880 as well

01:57:14.280 so I think

01:57:15.160 the clearest representation

01:57:16.260 is probably

01:57:17.080 Christ and Satan

01:57:18.100 that's the closest

01:57:19.020 to a pure archetype

01:57:20.680 although

01:57:21.040 there's

01:57:22.140 in the old Egyptian stories

01:57:23.840 there's

01:57:24.600 Osiris and Seth

01:57:25.940 or Horus and Seth

01:57:27.440 and Seth

01:57:28.360 is a precursor

01:57:29.640 to Satan

01:57:30.240 etymologically

01:57:31.640 so

01:57:32.100 it's a very

01:57:33.360 very common motif

01:57:34.280 and so that's what happens

01:57:35.420 again in Rebecca's womb

01:57:36.780 is that this thing

01:57:37.700 this idea is played out

01:57:39.220 right away

01:57:39.720 and

01:57:40.480 the two

01:57:41.740 two twins

01:57:43.520 are actually

01:57:44.200 what would you call it

01:57:45.940 they're

01:57:46.240 they have a

01:57:48.300 superordinate

01:57:49.520 destiny

01:57:50.360 because

01:57:50.900 one of them

01:57:52.740 is destined

01:57:53.280 to become

01:57:53.820 the father of Israel

01:57:54.900 and

01:57:55.620 of course

01:57:56.540 that's a

01:57:57.000 pinnacle moment

01:57:58.440 in the Old Testament

01:57:59.340 obviously

01:58:00.420 and arguably

01:58:01.620 a pinnacle moment

01:58:03.200 in human history

01:58:04.080 now

01:58:04.440 you know

01:58:04.920 the degree to which

01:58:06.240 the stories in the Old Testament

01:58:07.900 actually constitute

01:58:09.020 what we would consider

01:58:10.120 empirical history

01:58:11.060 is a matter of debate

01:58:12.160 but

01:58:12.940 it doesn't matter

01:58:14.400 in some sense

01:58:15.180 because

01:58:15.540 as I

01:58:16.500 mentioned

01:58:17.520 I think before

01:58:18.300 in this lecture series

01:58:19.280 there are forms of fiction

01:58:22.760 that are

01:58:23.740 meta true

01:58:25.160 which means that

01:58:26.360 they're not necessarily

01:58:28.340 about a specific individual

01:58:29.900 although I generally think

01:58:31.180 they are based on the life

01:58:32.440 of specific individuals

01:58:33.440 it's the simplest theory

01:58:34.660 but

01:58:34.880 who knows

01:58:35.760 right

01:58:36.040 but

01:58:37.060 they're

01:58:38.380 they're more real

01:58:39.680 than reality itself

01:58:41.000 because they

01:58:41.820 abstract out

01:58:42.880 the most relevant

01:58:43.800 elements of reality

01:58:44.940 and present them to you

01:58:46.180 and that's why you watch

01:58:47.340 fiction

01:58:47.780 you know

01:58:48.220 you don't

01:58:48.520 you want

01:58:48.860 you want your fiction

01:58:49.880 boiled down

01:58:50.840 right

01:58:51.140 you want it boiled down

01:58:52.740 to the essence

01:58:53.380 that's what makes good fiction

01:58:54.820 and that essence

01:58:56.040 is something that's

01:58:56.940 truer than

01:58:57.760 than plain old truth

01:59:00.040 if it's handled well

01:59:01.520 and so

01:59:02.760 you know

01:59:03.500 if you watch

01:59:03.940 a Shakespeare play

01:59:04.960 half a lifetime

01:59:07.040 of events

01:59:07.740 can go by

01:59:08.480 in a Shakespeare play

01:59:09.620 and it covers

01:59:10.860 you know

01:59:11.520 a wide range

01:59:12.420 of scenes

01:59:13.040 and so on

01:59:13.720 and

01:59:13.880 and so

01:59:15.520 it's

01:59:15.920 it's

01:59:16.420 cut and edited

01:59:17.420 and compressed

01:59:18.160 all at once

01:59:18.820 but because of that

01:59:19.620 it blasts you

01:59:20.600 with

01:59:20.880 with a kind of

01:59:21.920 emotional

01:59:22.840 and ethical

01:59:23.640 force

01:59:24.340 that

01:59:25.020 just the mere

01:59:26.340 videotaping

01:59:27.520 of someone's

01:59:28.180 daily life

01:59:28.920 you know

01:59:29.720 wouldn't even

01:59:30.140 wouldn't even come

01:59:30.940 close to approximating

01:59:32.440 so

01:59:33.620 and this motif

01:59:35.260 of the hostile brothers

01:59:36.360 that's a

01:59:36.900 that's a deep

01:59:38.320 deep

01:59:38.820 archetypal

01:59:39.980 truth

01:59:41.460 and

01:59:42.600 God says to

01:59:46.760 Rachel

01:59:47.180 two nations

01:59:47.840 are in thy womb

01:59:48.640 and two manner of people

01:59:49.780 shall be separated

01:59:50.600 from thy bowels

01:59:51.480 and one people

01:59:52.260 shall be stronger

01:59:52.960 than the other

01:59:53.540 and the elder

01:59:54.500 shall serve the younger

01:59:55.640 and so there's a

01:59:57.220 inversion there

01:59:58.300 right

01:59:58.620 because

01:59:59.040 as we've

02:00:00.540 discussed

02:00:01.620 historically speaking

02:00:04.720 and traditionally speaking

02:00:05.680 it's the elder son

02:00:07.000 that

02:00:07.220 to whom

02:00:08.040 the

02:00:08.360 disproportionate

02:00:10.000 blessings flow

02:00:11.180 there's some truth

02:00:13.820 in that too

02:00:14.500 even

02:00:15.060 more

02:00:16.840 what would you say

02:00:18.780 more empirically

02:00:19.640 IQ

02:00:20.420 tends to decrease

02:00:21.720 as the number of children

02:00:22.980 in the family increase

02:00:24.240 the younger

02:00:25.240 the oldest

02:00:25.860 is the smartest

02:00:26.700 generally speaking

02:00:27.720 it isn't clear

02:00:28.860 why that is

02:00:29.480 but it might be

02:00:30.080 that they get more

02:00:30.740 attention

02:00:31.240 but who knows

02:00:32.580 so those of you

02:00:33.820 who are younger

02:00:34.360 can be very unhappy

02:00:35.620 about that fact

02:00:36.440 now Jacob

02:00:39.420 okay

02:00:40.240 so there's another

02:00:41.000 there's another

02:00:41.900 plot line

02:00:44.180 here too

02:00:44.680 because

02:00:45.100 Abraham

02:00:48.280 and

02:00:48.820 and

02:00:49.320 Rebecca

02:00:49.860 are at odds

02:00:52.900 sorry

02:00:53.980 Isaac and Rebecca

02:00:54.920 are at odds

02:00:55.880 about the children

02:00:57.200 right

02:00:57.820 so there's a

02:00:58.460 there's an

02:00:59.340 Oedipal

02:00:59.820 twist to it too

02:01:01.440 because

02:01:01.860 well

02:01:03.040 Isaac is allied

02:01:04.400 with Esau

02:01:05.260 who turns out

02:01:05.980 to be

02:01:06.320 the hunter type

02:01:07.220 so he's

02:01:07.740 your basic

02:01:08.460 rough and tumble

02:01:09.760 character

02:01:10.540 you know

02:01:10.840 and he's

02:01:11.160 kind of a wild

02:01:11.920 looking guy

02:01:12.700 hairy

02:01:13.600 and he likes

02:01:14.560 to be outside

02:01:15.140 he lives in tents

02:01:15.980 he likes to hunt

02:01:16.760 he's a man's man

02:01:18.100 that's one way

02:01:18.720 of thinking about it

02:01:19.540 whereas Jacob

02:01:20.580 dwells in tents

02:01:21.800 you know

02:01:22.100 he doesn't go outside

02:01:22.900 much

02:01:23.200 he's more

02:01:23.920 well maybe he's

02:01:25.280 more introverted

02:01:25.880 but he's certainly

02:01:26.620 this sort of

02:01:27.280 kid

02:01:27.840 adolescent say

02:01:29.240 who hangs around

02:01:30.420 home

02:01:30.860 and there's some

02:01:32.120 intimation that

02:01:33.160 he's his mother

02:01:33.760 well he's clearly

02:01:34.520 his mother's favorite

02:01:35.440 and with all

02:01:36.420 the advantages

02:01:37.300 and I suppose

02:01:38.260 disadvantages

02:01:38.940 that go along

02:01:39.780 with that

02:01:40.180 and

02:01:40.920 Isaac and Rebecca

02:01:42.540 don't see eye to eye

02:01:43.600 about who

02:01:44.320 should have

02:01:45.900 predominance

02:01:46.740 among the sons

02:01:47.520 and Rebecca

02:01:48.640 is quite

02:01:50.060 complicit

02:01:50.780 with

02:01:52.040 Jacob

02:01:53.120 in

02:01:53.640 inverting

02:01:55.280 the social order

02:01:56.160 so the first thing

02:01:57.040 that happens

02:01:57.620 that's crooked

02:01:58.680 is that

02:02:00.180 Esau comes in

02:02:02.420 from hunting

02:02:03.800 and he's

02:02:04.320 you know

02:02:04.720 maybe he's been out

02:02:05.380 for a number of days

02:02:06.300 and he's

02:02:06.980 ravenous

02:02:07.640 and he's kind of

02:02:08.480 an impulsive guy

02:02:09.380 doesn't really

02:02:09.880 seem to think

02:02:11.140 about the long term

02:02:12.000 very much

02:02:12.580 and

02:02:13.320 Jacob was cooking

02:02:14.800 some lentil stew

02:02:15.820 and

02:02:17.220 Esau wants some of it

02:02:19.260 and Jacob

02:02:19.660 refuses

02:02:20.640 and

02:02:21.000 and then

02:02:22.240 says that he'll

02:02:22.920 trade his

02:02:23.480 his birthright

02:02:25.460 for it

02:02:25.960 and

02:02:27.340 Esau agrees

02:02:29.280 which is a

02:02:29.900 bad

02:02:30.360 deal

02:02:31.280 right

02:02:31.920 it's a bad

02:02:32.580 deal

02:02:32.960 and so you

02:02:34.280 you could say

02:02:35.060 that Esau

02:02:36.080 actually deserves

02:02:36.860 what's coming

02:02:37.400 to him

02:02:37.800 although

02:02:38.680 at minimum

02:02:41.960 you'd have to

02:02:42.580 think of them

02:02:43.080 both as being

02:02:43.780 equally culpable

02:02:44.600 it's a nasty

02:02:45.560 trick

02:02:46.000 and so

02:02:46.900 that's Jacob's

02:02:48.460 first trick

02:02:49.080 and then

02:02:51.660 the second trick

02:02:55.220 is that

02:02:55.640 and it's later

02:02:56.340 and Isaac is old

02:02:57.700 and blind

02:02:58.240 and you know

02:02:59.640 close to death

02:03:00.500 and

02:03:01.400 it's time for him

02:03:02.600 to bestow a blessing

02:03:03.680 on his sons

02:03:04.580 which is a very

02:03:05.600 important event

02:03:06.400 apparently among

02:03:07.180 these ancient people

02:03:08.200 and

02:03:11.020 Esau again

02:03:12.300 is out hunting

02:03:12.920 and Rachel

02:03:13.800 dresses Jacob

02:03:15.120 up

02:03:15.420 in a hairy

02:03:16.740 puts a goat skin

02:03:18.240 on his arms

02:03:18.840 so he's kind of

02:03:19.500 hairy like

02:03:20.120 Esau

02:03:21.020 and dresses him

02:03:21.700 in Esau's clothes

02:03:22.580 so he smells

02:03:23.180 like Esau

02:03:23.840 and

02:03:24.060 Isaac tells

02:03:26.460 Esau

02:03:28.060 to go out

02:03:28.480 and hunt him

02:03:29.700 up some

02:03:30.200 some venison

02:03:31.560 I think it is

02:03:32.320 and

02:03:33.500 which is a

02:03:34.180 favorite of his

02:03:34.780 and

02:03:35.000 Rebecca has

02:03:36.060 Jacob cook up

02:03:36.800 a couple of

02:03:37.280 goat kids

02:03:38.300 and

02:03:38.840 serve that

02:03:39.740 to Isaac

02:03:40.620 and

02:03:41.060 play the role

02:03:42.660 of Esau

02:03:43.880 and so

02:03:44.440 he does that

02:03:45.180 it's pretty

02:03:45.940 damn nasty

02:03:46.980 really

02:03:47.400 all things

02:03:48.020 considered

02:03:48.520 you know

02:03:49.460 to play a

02:03:50.140 trick like that

02:03:51.140 both on your

02:03:51.760 brother and

02:03:52.260 on your

02:03:52.640 blind father

02:03:53.860 and in collusion

02:03:55.240 with your mother

02:03:56.000 it's not the

02:03:56.880 sort of thing

02:03:57.380 that's really

02:03:57.860 designed to

02:03:58.500 promote a lot

02:03:59.200 of familial

02:03:59.880 harmony

02:04:00.360 and so

02:04:01.580 especially because

02:04:03.300 you've already

02:04:03.780 screwed him over

02:04:04.900 in a big way

02:04:05.620 once

02:04:06.140 you know

02:04:06.420 you'd think

02:04:06.900 that would be

02:04:08.400 sufficient

02:04:08.860 so

02:04:09.940 anyways

02:04:11.160 he's successful

02:04:11.980 and Esau

02:04:12.860 loses his

02:04:13.540 father's

02:04:14.020 blessing

02:04:14.380 and so

02:04:14.840 that

02:04:15.100 Jacob

02:04:16.060 ends up

02:04:16.740 really in

02:04:17.240 the position

02:04:17.680 of the

02:04:18.060 firstborn

02:04:18.640 and it's

02:04:19.100 quite interesting

02:04:19.880 because

02:04:20.240 you know

02:04:20.800 God tells

02:04:21.500 Rachel that

02:04:22.220 Jacob is going

02:04:23.320 to be the

02:04:23.820 dominant twin

02:04:24.620 and you'd

02:04:25.440 think again

02:04:26.000 with God's

02:04:26.940 blessing

02:04:27.880 or at least

02:04:28.420 the prophecy

02:04:29.040 that Jacob

02:04:29.640 would end up

02:04:30.240 being a good

02:04:30.780 guy

02:04:31.180 but

02:04:31.960 he's certainly

02:04:33.080 not presented

02:04:33.660 that way

02:04:34.100 to begin with

02:04:34.620 which is also

02:04:35.140 quite interesting

02:04:35.800 given that he's

02:04:36.460 the eventual

02:04:36.980 founder of Israel

02:04:38.080 and it's another

02:04:39.020 indication of the

02:04:40.320 realism of these

02:04:41.180 old stories

02:04:41.900 you know

02:04:42.260 and it's quite

02:04:43.440 amazing to me

02:04:44.280 it's always been

02:04:44.800 quite amazing to me

02:04:45.640 how unpretified

02:04:47.800 these stories

02:04:48.580 have remained

02:04:49.440 you know

02:04:50.060 because you'd

02:04:50.520 think that

02:04:51.020 if you're even

02:04:52.340 the least bit

02:04:53.080 cynical

02:04:53.400 especially if you

02:04:54.280 had the kind

02:04:54.920 of Marxist

02:04:55.700 religion is the

02:04:56.640 opiate of the

02:04:57.240 masses

02:04:57.580 kind of viewpoint

02:04:58.560 which is a

02:04:59.760 credible viewpoint

02:05:00.680 you know

02:05:01.080 although it's

02:05:02.000 wrong

02:05:02.420 but it's

02:05:03.160 well

02:05:03.560 I think

02:05:04.740 it's a shallow

02:05:05.420 I think

02:05:06.100 it's a shallow

02:05:06.680 interpretation

02:05:07.500 and a part

02:05:08.520 of the reason

02:05:08.860 I think

02:05:09.160 it's a shallow

02:05:09.620 interpretation

02:05:10.140 is because

02:05:10.860 the stories

02:05:11.920 would be a lot

02:05:12.560 prettier

02:05:13.020 if that was

02:05:14.000 the case

02:05:14.820 these characters

02:05:16.220 wouldn't have

02:05:16.800 this strange

02:05:17.860 realistic

02:05:19.080 moral ambiguity

02:05:20.640 about them

02:05:21.580 you know

02:05:22.160 if you're going

02:05:22.980 to feed people

02:05:23.680 a fantasy

02:05:24.380 then

02:05:25.480 you want it

02:05:26.600 to be like

02:05:26.920 a Harlequin novel

02:05:27.840 or a greeting card

02:05:29.700 or something like that

02:05:30.600 you don't want it

02:05:31.520 to be a story

02:05:32.900 that's full of

02:05:33.500 betrayal and deceit

02:05:34.620 and murder

02:05:35.200 and mayhem

02:05:35.920 and genocide

02:05:36.580 and all of that

02:05:37.360 that just doesn't

02:05:38.100 seem all that

02:05:38.980 what would you say

02:05:40.660 calming

02:05:41.160 I guess would be

02:05:42.140 the right

02:05:42.560 right answer

02:05:43.700 so anyways

02:05:44.980 Jacob gets away

02:05:47.100 with this

02:05:47.480 but Esau

02:05:48.440 is not happy

02:05:49.480 and Jacob

02:05:50.480 is quite convinced

02:05:51.440 that he might

02:05:52.360 kill him

02:05:52.780 and I think

02:05:53.260 that was a

02:05:53.760 reasonable fear

02:05:54.480 because Esau

02:05:55.120 was a tough guy

02:05:55.920 and he was used

02:05:56.440 to being outside

02:05:57.200 and he knew

02:05:58.180 how to hunt

02:05:58.700 and he knew

02:05:59.180 how to kill

02:05:59.720 and he actually

02:06:00.800 wasn't very happy

02:06:01.560 about getting

02:06:02.200 seriously screwed

02:06:03.700 over by his

02:06:04.600 you know

02:06:05.260 stay at home

02:06:06.200 younger brother

02:06:06.960 twice

02:06:07.540 and so Jacob

02:06:08.640 runs off

02:06:09.420 and goes to

02:06:10.680 visit his uncle

02:06:11.460 and on the way

02:06:12.560 and this is a very

02:06:13.320 interesting part

02:06:14.120 of the story

02:06:14.660 he stops

02:06:16.260 and to sleep

02:06:17.880 and he takes

02:06:19.560 a stone for a pillow

02:06:20.620 and then he has

02:06:21.520 this vision

02:06:22.220 it's called a dream

02:06:23.420 but the context

02:06:25.500 makes it look

02:06:26.200 like a vision

02:06:26.840 of a ladder

02:06:28.520 reaching up

02:06:29.280 to heaven

02:06:29.780 and with angels

02:06:31.340 moving up

02:06:32.440 and down

02:06:32.800 the ladder

02:06:34.100 let's say

02:06:34.860 and there's

02:06:36.460 some representations

02:06:37.280 of that

02:06:37.660 I showed you

02:06:38.100 some of them

02:06:38.540 the last time

02:06:39.500 we met

02:06:39.860 but I'll read

02:06:41.800 it to you first

02:06:42.440 and he lighted

02:06:42.960 upon a certain

02:06:43.560 place

02:06:43.920 and tired

02:06:44.300 there all night

02:06:44.960 because the sun

02:06:45.580 was set

02:06:45.980 and he took

02:06:46.400 of the stones

02:06:46.940 of that place

02:06:47.600 and put them

02:06:48.540 for his pillows

02:06:49.120 and lay down

02:06:49.760 in that place

02:06:50.320 to sleep

02:06:50.880 and he dreamed

02:06:52.200 and beheld

02:06:52.840 a ladder

02:06:53.740 set up on the earth

02:06:54.720 and the top

02:06:55.540 of it reached

02:06:56.020 to heaven

02:06:56.420 and behold

02:06:57.020 the angels

02:06:57.880 of God

02:06:58.500 ascending

02:06:58.960 and descending

02:06:59.520 on it

02:06:59.960 and behold

02:07:00.760 the Lord

02:07:01.120 stood above it

02:07:01.800 and said

02:07:02.140 I am the Lord

02:07:02.780 God of Abraham

02:07:03.500 thy father

02:07:04.180 and the God

02:07:05.520 of Isaac

02:07:06.060 the land

02:07:07.020 whereon thou liest

02:07:08.200 to thee

02:07:08.660 I will give it

02:07:09.360 and to thy seed

02:07:10.240 and thy seed

02:07:11.280 shall be as the dust

02:07:12.080 of the earth

02:07:12.560 and thou shalt spread

02:07:13.500 abroad to the west

02:07:14.400 and to the east

02:07:15.020 and to the north

02:07:15.680 and the south

02:07:16.220 so that lays out

02:07:17.540 the canonical directions

02:07:18.940 right

02:07:19.220 so now there's a center

02:07:20.380 with the canonical

02:07:21.500 directions

02:07:22.120 like the thing

02:07:22.900 that you see

02:07:23.460 you know

02:07:23.700 that little symbol

02:07:24.360 you see on maps

02:07:25.340 it's the same thing

02:07:26.700 that symbolically

02:07:27.820 placed upon the earth

02:07:29.200 so a center

02:07:30.120 has been established

02:07:31.200 with radiating

02:07:32.540 well with what

02:07:34.720 with directional lines

02:07:36.740 radiating from it

02:07:37.880 so it establishes it

02:07:38.900 as a place

02:07:40.060 and in the end

02:07:42.580 thy seed

02:07:43.040 shall all the families

02:07:43.920 of the earth

02:07:44.440 be blessed

02:07:45.100 so that's pretty good news

02:07:46.320 for Jacob

02:07:46.840 and it's not self-evident

02:07:48.100 why God is rewarding him

02:07:49.660 for running away

02:07:50.540 after screwing over

02:07:51.640 his brother

02:07:52.120 but that seems to be

02:07:53.240 what happens

02:07:53.920 and so here's a couple

02:07:55.320 of representations

02:07:56.920 classic representations

02:07:58.380 the one on the right

02:08:00.480 is William Blake

02:08:01.260 it's one I particularly like

02:08:02.780 you know

02:08:04.520 and Blake assimilates

02:08:05.760 God with the sun

02:08:08.180 when with light

02:08:09.380 right

02:08:09.840 so

02:08:10.800 that's quite a

02:08:12.000 common

02:08:12.900 mythological idea

02:08:14.260 that God is associated

02:08:15.920 with light

02:08:16.520 and the day

02:08:17.620 behold I am with thee

02:08:24.060 and will keep thee

02:08:24.640 in all places

02:08:25.240 whither thou goest

02:08:26.160 and will bring thee

02:08:26.800 again into this land

02:08:27.740 for I will not leave thee

02:08:29.200 until I have done that

02:08:30.540 which I have spoken

02:08:31.260 to thee of

02:08:31.820 and Jacob awaked

02:08:32.900 out of his sleep

02:08:33.560 and he said

02:08:34.140 surely the Lord

02:08:35.340 is in this place

02:08:36.120 and I knew it not

02:08:36.940 and he was afraid

02:08:38.040 which is exactly

02:08:39.040 the right response

02:08:40.360 and said

02:08:41.380 how dreadful

02:08:42.180 is this place

02:08:42.980 it is none other

02:08:44.180 than the house of God

02:08:45.160 and this is the gate

02:08:45.920 of heaven

02:08:46.420 and Jacob rose up

02:08:48.080 early in the morning

02:08:48.660 and took the stone

02:08:49.420 that he had put

02:08:50.000 for his pillows

02:08:50.560 and set it up

02:08:51.460 for a pillar

02:08:52.000 and poured oil

02:08:53.240 on the top of it

02:08:53.960 and that's

02:08:54.580 that's a more important

02:08:55.500 thing than you think

02:08:56.520 and we'll go into that

02:08:58.020 a little bit more

02:08:58.620 deeply

02:08:59.340 because up to this

02:09:00.740 point in the story

02:09:01.420 there isn't anything

02:09:02.380 really

02:09:03.020 there isn't anything

02:09:04.340 that's really emerged

02:09:05.540 to mark a sacred space

02:09:07.320 right

02:09:07.580 there's no

02:09:08.080 there's no cathedral

02:09:08.960 there's no church

02:09:09.800 there's nothing like that

02:09:10.860 but here's this idea

02:09:12.120 that emerges

02:09:12.660 that you can mark

02:09:14.060 the center of something

02:09:15.220 and that's important

02:09:17.100 and you mark it

02:09:17.680 with a stone

02:09:18.400 and a stone's a good way

02:09:20.260 to mark things

02:09:20.960 that are important

02:09:21.980 because a stone

02:09:22.660 is permanent

02:09:23.260 right

02:09:23.640 and we mark things

02:09:24.740 with stones now

02:09:25.580 like we mark graves

02:09:26.460 with stones

02:09:26.960 for example

02:09:27.580 because we want

02:09:28.680 to make a memory

02:09:29.540 and to carve something

02:09:30.980 into stone

02:09:31.560 to carve a stone

02:09:32.420 and then to carve

02:09:32.980 something into stone

02:09:33.760 is to make a memory

02:09:35.200 and to use stone

02:09:36.160 is to make a memory

02:09:37.260 because stone is permanent

02:09:38.460 and to set it up right

02:09:40.160 is to indicate a center

02:09:41.900 and so

02:09:43.380 that's what happens

02:09:44.600 and pours oil

02:09:45.400 on the top of it

02:09:46.120 which is a kind of offering

02:09:47.280 and he called the name

02:09:48.540 of that place Bethel

02:09:49.620 but the name of the city

02:09:50.780 was called Luzzat the first

02:09:52.120 and Jacob vowed a vow

02:09:53.660 saying

02:09:54.960 if God will be with me

02:09:56.040 and will keep me

02:09:56.720 in this way that I go

02:09:57.760 and will give me bread to eat

02:09:58.940 and raiment to put on

02:10:00.140 then a tenth of what I earn

02:10:09.160 I will give him

02:10:09.920 I missed that

02:10:11.180 that's interesting too

02:10:13.800 because now there's

02:10:14.560 a transformation

02:10:15.180 of sacrifice

02:10:16.140 right

02:10:16.540 because until that point

02:10:18.140 sacrifices had been

02:10:20.060 pretty concretized

02:10:21.420 it was the burning

02:10:22.160 of something

02:10:22.800 whereas here

02:10:23.960 all of a sudden

02:10:24.520 it's the offering

02:10:25.600 of productive labor

02:10:29.580 per se

02:10:30.280 like a tithe

02:10:31.240 because a tithe

02:10:32.100 is a form of sacrifice

02:10:33.280 and so there's an abstraction

02:10:34.520 of the idea of sacrifice

02:10:35.840 now sacrifice

02:10:36.800 it's really important

02:10:38.080 that the idea

02:10:38.740 of sacrifice

02:10:39.840 gets abstracted

02:10:41.000 right

02:10:41.740 because it should be abstracted

02:10:43.680 to the point

02:10:44.140 where it's

02:10:44.820 it's used the way

02:10:46.300 that we use it today

02:10:47.300 which is

02:10:47.800 you know

02:10:48.080 we make sacrifices

02:10:49.040 to get ahead

02:10:49.760 and everyone understands

02:10:51.060 what that means

02:10:51.780 but the sacrifices

02:10:52.960 are generally

02:10:54.300 some combination of psychological

02:10:56.980 and practical

02:10:59.240 so we're not acting them out

02:11:01.160 we're precisely

02:11:02.680 we're not dramatizing them

02:11:04.100 or ritualizing them

02:11:05.020 we actually act them out

02:11:06.160 in our

02:11:06.600 in the covenant

02:11:07.540 that we make with the future

02:11:08.860 and we do that

02:11:09.860 well unless we're extraordinarily

02:11:11.720 impulsive

02:11:12.360 and aimless in our lives

02:11:13.960 and have really no conception

02:11:15.460 whatsoever of the future

02:11:16.720 and are likely to sacrifice

02:11:18.600 the future for the present

02:11:19.880 which is what Esau does

02:11:21.300 right

02:11:22.020 then

02:11:22.720 we make sacrifices

02:11:24.900 and you've got to think

02:11:26.360 like

02:11:26.600 the idea of making sacrifices

02:11:28.580 to make the future better

02:11:30.480 is an extraordinarily difficult lesson

02:11:32.220 to learn

02:11:32.680 it took people

02:11:33.560 God only knows

02:11:34.760 how long

02:11:35.260 to learn that

02:11:37.100 you know

02:11:37.580 like

02:11:37.920 we have no idea

02:11:39.140 it's not something

02:11:40.540 that animals do easily

02:11:41.720 chimpanzees

02:11:43.020 don't store

02:11:43.580 leftover meat

02:11:44.460 you know

02:11:45.280 they just

02:11:45.680 and neither do wolves

02:11:46.760 they just

02:11:47.100 a wolf can eat

02:11:47.680 about 30 pounds of meat

02:11:48.900 in one sitting

02:11:49.760 and that's

02:11:50.840 that's where the idea

02:11:51.860 of wolfing it down

02:11:52.720 comes from

02:11:53.260 they're not hiding it

02:11:54.360 saving it for later

02:11:55.400 you know

02:11:55.700 they can't do that

02:11:56.640 so

02:11:57.560 they can't sacrifice

02:11:58.860 the present

02:11:59.920 for the future

02:12:00.580 so this is a big deal

02:12:02.200 that this

02:12:02.640 that this happens

02:12:03.480 now I want to tell you

02:12:05.500 a little bit about

02:12:06.120 the idea

02:12:06.660 of the pillar

02:12:07.340 because it's

02:12:08.700 it's an unbelievably

02:12:09.700 deep idea

02:12:11.880 and

02:12:12.180 it orients us

02:12:14.000 in ways

02:12:14.380 that we still don't

02:12:15.400 it still orients us

02:12:17.420 in ways

02:12:17.860 that we don't

02:12:18.440 understand

02:12:19.120 and in fact

02:12:20.500 it's actually

02:12:21.060 the mechanism

02:12:22.420 by which we're

02:12:23.180 oriented

02:12:23.640 or

02:12:24.380 and if it's lacking

02:12:25.780 then we become

02:12:26.580 disoriented

02:12:27.360 and so

02:12:28.340 I'll show you

02:12:28.880 some pictures

02:12:29.340 and describe them

02:12:30.100 first

02:12:30.500 okay so

02:12:31.240 first of all

02:12:31.840 there's a walled city

02:12:33.800 so let me tell you

02:12:35.560 that you could think

02:12:36.820 about that

02:12:37.200 as an archetypal

02:12:38.040 human habitation

02:12:39.040 maybe it's a reflection

02:12:40.480 of something like

02:12:41.420 a fire

02:12:42.440 in the middle

02:12:43.300 of the plain

02:12:44.460 or the forest

02:12:45.240 or the jungle

02:12:46.620 for that matter

02:12:47.280 although it's kind of

02:12:47.820 hard to get a fire

02:12:48.460 going there

02:12:49.000 imagine a fire

02:12:50.960 ringed around

02:12:51.960 with logs

02:12:52.600 and perhaps

02:12:53.320 ringed around

02:12:53.960 with dwellings

02:12:54.960 right so the fire

02:12:55.760 is in the center

02:12:56.480 and the fire

02:12:57.620 defines the center

02:12:58.580 and then

02:12:59.020 as you move

02:12:59.880 away from the fire

02:13:00.700 you move out

02:13:01.180 into the darkness

02:13:01.980 right so the fire

02:13:03.040 is light

02:13:03.940 and communion

02:13:05.440 and safety

02:13:06.620 and as you move

02:13:07.620 away from the fire

02:13:08.340 you move out

02:13:08.860 into the darkness

02:13:10.240 and what's terrifying

02:13:11.380 out beyond the perimeter

02:13:12.600 so what's beyond

02:13:13.460 the perimeter

02:13:13.880 is terrifying

02:13:14.420 you can feel that

02:13:15.560 if you go camping

02:13:16.340 somewhere that's wild

02:13:17.320 you know you're

02:13:18.100 pretty damn happy

02:13:18.880 especially if the wolves

02:13:19.780 are howling

02:13:20.220 you're pretty damn happy

02:13:21.580 to be sitting by the fire

02:13:23.640 because you can see there

02:13:24.960 the fire keeps the animals away

02:13:26.780 and you know

02:13:28.260 if you do

02:13:29.040 wander into the bush

02:13:30.420 into the darkness

02:13:31.260 then you're on alert

02:13:32.260 and you know

02:13:33.240 your predator detection systems

02:13:35.160 are on alert

02:13:36.220 and so you could think about

02:13:37.660 the classical human

02:13:38.940 habitation

02:13:40.000 as two places

02:13:41.660 one where your predator detection system

02:13:44.080 isn't on alert

02:13:45.240 and another where your predator detection system

02:13:48.280 is on alert

02:13:49.500 and you could think about that

02:13:51.040 roughly as the distinction

02:13:52.680 between explored territory

02:13:54.200 and unexplored territory

02:13:56.080 and really the founding of a place

02:13:59.500 is precisely

02:14:00.380 this is a lot of this

02:14:01.580 I got from reading

02:14:02.320 Mircea Eliade

02:14:03.260 the founding of a place

02:14:04.860 is precisely

02:14:05.540 the definition

02:14:06.440 of an explored center

02:14:09.040 set against

02:14:10.480 the unexplored periphery

02:14:12.280 and you know

02:14:13.280 what's interesting about that

02:14:14.520 so you can kind of

02:14:15.240 think about that

02:14:16.020 with regards to the walled city

02:14:17.360 right

02:14:17.600 everything in the wall

02:14:18.880 is cosmos

02:14:20.360 and everything outside

02:14:22.220 the wall

02:14:22.680 is chaos

02:14:23.440 and you know

02:14:25.800 but it also extends

02:14:26.800 to the conceptual realm

02:14:28.680 because imagine

02:14:30.000 that you're the master

02:14:30.980 of a field of study

02:14:32.540 and so

02:14:33.540 that's an interesting metaphor

02:14:34.900 because a field

02:14:35.640 is a geographical metaphor

02:14:37.320 right

02:14:37.740 and if

02:14:39.300 in the center of the field

02:14:40.820 are those things

02:14:41.540 that everyone knows

02:14:42.420 really well

02:14:43.200 the axioms

02:14:44.040 that everyone

02:14:44.620 abides by

02:14:46.620 in the field

02:14:47.380 and then as you move

02:14:48.520 towards the fringes

02:14:49.540 you get towards

02:14:50.340 the unknown

02:14:51.500 towards the frontier

02:14:52.940 of the discipline

02:14:54.180 and

02:14:54.960 as you become expert

02:14:56.420 you move from the center

02:14:57.520 to the frontier

02:14:58.240 and so then

02:14:59.260 you're on the border

02:15:00.860 when you're

02:15:01.400 when you're

02:15:01.940 when you're a scholar

02:15:02.940 a competent scholar

02:15:04.200 you're on the border

02:15:05.120 between the unexplored

02:15:06.680 or the explored

02:15:08.140 and unexplored

02:15:09.100 and you're trying

02:15:09.860 to further that border

02:15:10.980 so even if you're just

02:15:11.880 doing this abstractly

02:15:13.140 it's the same thing

02:15:14.660 and

02:15:15.460 it's a reflection

02:15:16.380 of the fact

02:15:17.080 that every human

02:15:18.000 environment

02:15:19.620 concrete or abstract

02:15:21.460 it makes no difference

02:15:22.800 recapitulates

02:15:24.600 the

02:15:24.980 cosmos

02:15:26.040 chaos

02:15:27.180 dichotomy

02:15:28.080 or the order

02:15:29.240 chaos dichotomy

02:15:30.380 and that's why

02:15:31.320 in Taoism

02:15:31.920 for example

02:15:32.520 it's the union

02:15:33.500 of chaos and order

02:15:34.320 that constitutes

02:15:35.020 being itself

02:15:36.020 and that you

02:15:37.160 stand on the border

02:15:38.340 between chaos

02:15:39.420 and order

02:15:39.860 because that's

02:15:40.700 the proper place

02:15:41.420 to be

02:15:41.780 too orderly

02:15:42.800 too much

02:15:43.580 in the explored

02:15:44.940 you're not learning

02:15:46.000 anything

02:15:46.400 too much out there

02:15:47.900 where the predators

02:15:48.680 lurk

02:15:49.220 then you're frozen

02:15:50.220 with terror

02:15:50.860 and neither of those

02:15:52.420 positions are

02:15:53.400 desirable

02:15:54.420 so

02:15:55.560 and that's what

02:15:57.020 you know

02:15:57.340 and so you think

02:15:58.320 and this is a concrete reality

02:16:00.000 obviously as well

02:16:01.280 as a psychological reality

02:16:02.420 there were reasons

02:16:03.520 for those walls

02:16:04.540 right

02:16:05.720 because

02:16:06.140 inside the walls

02:16:07.540 were all the people

02:16:08.400 like us

02:16:09.360 and so that begs the question

02:16:11.260 what does it mean

02:16:12.000 for people to be like us

02:16:13.600 and then

02:16:14.500 outside the wall

02:16:15.460 there was all those

02:16:16.300 people

02:16:16.900 because they were the worst

02:16:18.600 forms of predators

02:16:20.120 because people are actually

02:16:21.440 the worst forms of predators

02:16:22.740 who aren't like us

02:16:24.960 and the wall is there

02:16:26.600 to draw a distinction

02:16:27.760 between

02:16:28.340 like us

02:16:29.380 and not like us

02:16:30.380 and so

02:16:31.480 and that was a matter

02:16:32.340 of life and death

02:16:33.200 you can tell that

02:16:34.440 because

02:16:34.840 I mean

02:16:35.420 look at those walls

02:16:36.500 they had to build those

02:16:37.640 by hand

02:16:38.280 and you know

02:16:39.080 you do see

02:16:39.720 walled cities

02:16:40.480 that have three

02:16:41.400 rings of walls

02:16:42.660 so

02:16:43.500 these people were terrified

02:16:45.200 but

02:16:45.500 not so terrified

02:16:46.720 as the people

02:16:47.380 who built three walls

02:16:48.740 they were really terrified

02:16:49.920 and they had their reasons

02:16:51.800 so

02:16:53.020 okay

02:16:54.000 so

02:16:54.380 now

02:16:56.500 there's an idea

02:16:58.840 that's

02:17:00.220 that's

02:17:02.300 reflected

02:17:03.140 in the Jacob's Ladder story

02:17:04.840 that the center

02:17:06.400 where you put the pillar

02:17:09.100 is also the place

02:17:10.360 where heaven and earth

02:17:11.220 touch

02:17:11.780 and so

02:17:13.020 that's

02:17:13.500 that's a complicated idea

02:17:15.280 I think that you can

02:17:16.600 you know

02:17:17.540 I'm trying to

02:17:18.300 look at these stories

02:17:19.420 from a psychological perspective

02:17:20.780 and so

02:17:21.500 then you could say

02:17:22.180 that

02:17:22.400 that's a symbolic place

02:17:24.200 where the lowest

02:17:24.860 and the highest

02:17:25.680 come together

02:17:26.560 and so

02:17:27.900 it's a place where

02:17:29.240 earthly being

02:17:31.660 stretches up

02:17:32.660 to the highest

02:17:33.340 possible ethical abstraction

02:17:35.080 and that's the center

02:17:36.640 because

02:17:37.000 one of the things

02:17:38.880 that defines

02:17:39.680 us

02:17:40.540 say

02:17:41.160 as opposed to them

02:17:42.140 is that we're all united

02:17:43.800 within a certain ethic

02:17:46.060 that's what makes us

02:17:48.060 the same

02:17:48.620 this is a complicated

02:17:50.680 line of reasoning

02:17:51.540 and

02:17:51.800 but

02:17:52.460 I'll go back to it

02:17:56.500 after I show you

02:17:57.140 some more pictures

02:17:57.820 but

02:17:58.060 so that's

02:17:58.560 that's the first idea

02:17:59.600 is that the center

02:18:00.440 is the place

02:18:01.780 where

02:18:02.120 the lowest

02:18:02.940 and the highest

02:18:03.700 touch simultaneously

02:18:04.940 and so

02:18:05.780 you could say

02:18:06.420 that in some sense

02:18:07.320 it specifies the aim

02:18:08.840 of a group of people

02:18:09.840 that's another way

02:18:10.800 you know

02:18:11.320 if you get together

02:18:12.600 with people

02:18:13.140 to make a group

02:18:13.980 even at work

02:18:15.280 you group yourself

02:18:16.260 around a project

02:18:17.200 and that unites you

02:18:18.960 and it unites you

02:18:19.720 because you all have

02:18:20.380 the same aim

02:18:20.940 you're all pointing

02:18:21.620 to the same thing

02:18:22.820 and that makes you

02:18:23.940 the same in some ways

02:18:25.040 because

02:18:25.360 if you're after

02:18:26.440 the same thing I am

02:18:27.580 then the same things

02:18:28.740 are going to be

02:18:29.100 important to you

02:18:29.780 that are important to me

02:18:30.740 and the same things

02:18:31.780 are going to be

02:18:32.220 negative to you

02:18:32.900 that are negative to me

02:18:33.760 because our emotions

02:18:34.460 work out that way

02:18:35.360 and that means

02:18:36.140 I can instantly

02:18:36.840 predict you

02:18:37.560 I know how you're

02:18:38.760 going to behave

02:18:39.420 and so our aim

02:18:40.760 which is basically

02:18:41.560 our ethical aim

02:18:42.480 it's because we're

02:18:43.160 aiming at something

02:18:43.760 better

02:18:44.240 at least in principle

02:18:46.280 we're aiming at

02:18:47.100 something better

02:18:47.780 it's our ethical aim

02:18:49.060 that unites our

02:18:49.800 perceptions

02:18:50.260 and that's what

02:18:51.020 aligns our emotions

02:18:52.080 and so that sort of

02:18:53.400 begs the question

02:18:54.180 if you're going to

02:18:54.720 build a community

02:18:55.500 around what aim

02:18:57.600 should the community

02:18:58.540 congregate

02:18:59.420 okay so

02:19:00.640 the idea here

02:19:01.640 is that the center

02:19:02.800 of the community

02:19:03.380 is the pillar

02:19:04.000 that unites

02:19:04.560 heaven and earth

02:19:05.180 so it unites

02:19:05.760 the lowest

02:19:06.160 with the highest

02:19:06.840 so there's some

02:19:07.860 intimation of the

02:19:09.040 idea that it's

02:19:09.820 the highest

02:19:10.840 that unites

02:19:12.020 the community

02:19:12.760 okay and so

02:19:14.380 keep that in mind

02:19:15.600 and that's a very

02:19:17.380 old idea as well

02:19:18.360 that's the idea

02:19:19.460 of the axis mundi

02:19:20.500 which is the center

02:19:21.460 pole that unites

02:19:22.560 heaven and earth

02:19:23.160 it's an unbelievably

02:19:24.100 old idea

02:19:24.880 tens of thousands

02:19:26.160 of years old

02:19:26.760 it might even

02:19:27.560 stretch back to

02:19:28.640 whatever our

02:19:29.940 archaic memories

02:19:31.100 quasi memories

02:19:32.840 I don't know

02:19:33.960 what you would

02:19:34.540 describe them

02:19:35.080 archetypal memories

02:19:36.100 of our

02:19:36.980 excessively old

02:19:39.180 ancestry and trees

02:19:40.340 when the tree

02:19:41.040 itself was in fact

02:19:42.640 the center of the

02:19:43.700 world

02:19:43.980 and that it was

02:19:45.040 ringed by snakes

02:19:46.180 and chaos

02:19:46.940 and so

02:19:47.860 well we have no

02:19:49.480 idea how old

02:19:50.160 these ideas are

02:19:50.900 but they're very

02:19:51.700 very old

02:19:52.360 and evolution

02:19:53.040 is a conservative

02:19:54.460 business

02:19:55.140 once it builds

02:19:56.180 a gadget

02:19:56.940 then it builds

02:19:59.220 new things

02:19:59.760 on top of that

02:20:00.420 gadget

02:20:00.680 it's like a

02:20:01.120 medieval town

02:20:01.960 right

02:20:02.180 the center of

02:20:02.800 the town

02:20:03.100 is really

02:20:03.480 old

02:20:03.820 and new

02:20:04.780 newer

02:20:05.700 areas of the

02:20:07.300 town get built

02:20:07.940 around it

02:20:08.340 but the center

02:20:08.920 is still really

02:20:09.660 old

02:20:09.960 and that's what

02:20:10.900 we're like

02:20:11.440 you know

02:20:11.900 our platforms

02:20:13.920 like our

02:20:14.380 basic physiological

02:20:16.340 structure

02:20:17.000 this

02:20:17.440 skeletal body

02:20:19.800 is some

02:20:21.280 tens of millions

02:20:22.000 of years old

02:20:22.660 or older than

02:20:23.380 that

02:20:23.620 if you think

02:20:24.420 about vertebrates

02:20:25.200 it's much

02:20:25.640 older than

02:20:26.060 that

02:20:26.300 and that's

02:20:26.900 all conserved

02:20:27.680 so

02:20:28.880 everything's built

02:20:31.120 on top of

02:20:31.680 everything else

02:20:32.360 all right

02:20:33.020 so there's a

02:20:34.100 kind of a

02:20:34.620 classic town

02:20:35.540 and there's the

02:20:37.560 idea

02:20:37.880 I showed you

02:20:38.440 this

02:20:38.620 this Scandinavian

02:20:39.500 world tree

02:20:40.200 same idea

02:20:40.840 it unites

02:20:41.320 heaven and earth

02:20:41.920 and around the

02:20:42.920 roots of that

02:20:43.580 tree are snakes

02:20:44.540 that eat this

02:20:45.380 tree constantly

02:20:46.360 so that's the

02:20:47.040 idea that

02:20:47.620 there's stability

02:20:49.300 but there's

02:20:49.840 constant transformation

02:20:51.020 around that

02:20:52.200 stability

02:20:52.680 and at the

02:20:54.340 same time

02:20:54.780 the snakes

02:20:55.140 are knowing

02:20:55.520 in the roots

02:20:55.940 there's streams

02:20:57.260 that are

02:20:57.600 nourishing it

02:20:58.300 so it's

02:20:59.220 sort of

02:20:59.560 an echo

02:21:01.080 of the idea

02:21:01.660 that life

02:21:02.500 depends on

02:21:03.100 death and

02:21:03.540 renewal

02:21:03.880 constantly

02:21:04.460 because your

02:21:05.460 cells are

02:21:06.060 dying and

02:21:06.640 being renewed

02:21:07.560 constantly

02:21:08.260 right

02:21:08.540 if they are

02:21:09.220 just proliferating

02:21:10.640 then you have

02:21:11.100 cancer

02:21:11.500 if they're

02:21:12.100 just dying

02:21:12.700 then you

02:21:13.200 die

02:21:13.560 you have to

02:21:14.600 get the

02:21:14.920 balance between

02:21:15.600 death and

02:21:16.100 life exactly

02:21:16.880 right

02:21:17.240 so that you

02:21:17.700 can actually

02:21:18.180 live

02:21:18.600 which is also

02:21:19.460 a very

02:21:19.780 strange thing

02:21:20.540 and that

02:21:22.420 tree is

02:21:22.900 something that

02:21:23.500 reaches from

02:21:24.680 the bottom

02:21:25.160 layers of

02:21:25.840 being

02:21:26.140 maybe the

02:21:26.580 microcosm

02:21:27.200 all the way

02:21:27.580 to the

02:21:27.840 macrocosm

02:21:28.600 that's the

02:21:29.340 idea

02:21:29.680 anyways

02:21:30.140 so

02:21:31.060 then there's

02:21:32.580 okay so

02:21:33.000 there's

02:21:33.500 Jacob and

02:21:36.840 his pillar

02:21:37.760 he's got this

02:21:38.420 idea that you

02:21:39.020 can mark the

02:21:39.720 center with

02:21:40.300 this stone

02:21:40.900 like it

02:21:41.500 sort of

02:21:41.800 symbolizes

02:21:42.360 what he was

02:21:42.800 laying on

02:21:43.200 when he

02:21:43.460 dreamt

02:21:43.740 but now

02:21:43.980 he's got

02:21:44.240 this idea

02:21:44.680 you put

02:21:45.080 something

02:21:45.420 erect

02:21:45.980 and it

02:21:46.820 marks the

02:21:47.380 center

02:21:47.700 and it

02:21:48.400 symbolizes

02:21:49.040 his vision

02:21:50.320 of the

02:21:50.780 highest

02:21:51.140 good

02:21:51.520 something like

02:21:52.200 that

02:21:52.520 and the

02:21:53.640 promise that's

02:21:54.280 been made

02:21:54.660 to him

02:21:54.980 and then

02:21:55.600 this is an

02:21:56.180 Egyptian

02:21:56.660 obelisk

02:21:57.980 pyramid on

02:21:59.360 top of it

02:21:59.880 that's in

02:22:01.400 Paris

02:22:01.720 it was taken

02:22:02.400 from Luxor

02:22:03.140 and it

02:22:03.340 put in

02:22:03.640 Paris

02:22:04.020 and so

02:22:04.420 that's a

02:22:05.540 much more

02:22:06.640 sophisticated

02:22:07.900 instance of

02:22:11.280 the same

02:22:11.740 idea

02:22:12.200 okay

02:22:12.980 and there

02:22:13.620 was a

02:22:13.860 stone age

02:22:14.320 cultures

02:22:14.760 across

02:22:15.280 Eurasia

02:22:16.080 that put

02:22:17.060 up these

02:22:17.360 huge

02:22:17.640 obelisks

02:22:18.260 everywhere

02:22:18.740 these huge

02:22:19.360 like the

02:22:19.760 stonehenge

02:22:20.260 is a good

02:22:20.660 example of

02:22:21.180 that

02:22:21.360 although

02:22:21.600 it's

02:22:22.120 very

02:22:22.520 sophisticated

02:22:23.060 and there

02:22:23.840 are also

02:22:24.180 markers of

02:22:24.940 places

02:22:25.420 we don't

02:22:26.240 know exactly

02:22:26.760 what their

02:22:27.060 function is

02:22:27.560 but they're

02:22:27.900 very much

02:22:28.840 akin to

02:22:29.520 this

02:22:29.840 some

02:22:30.360 permanent

02:22:30.900 marker

02:22:31.520 of

02:22:31.760 place

02:22:32.300 there's a

02:22:34.580 good one

02:22:34.960 so

02:22:35.200 that's in

02:22:36.060 St.

02:22:36.360 Peter's

02:22:36.820 and I

02:22:37.320 really like

02:22:37.780 this one

02:22:38.180 because you

02:22:38.600 can see

02:22:39.120 the

02:22:39.920 echoes

02:22:40.960 of

02:22:41.400 Jacob's

02:22:42.320 vision

02:22:44.200 for the

02:22:44.720 establishment

02:22:45.220 of a

02:22:45.560 territory

02:22:45.920 there

02:22:46.220 right

02:22:46.440 you've

02:22:46.660 got the

02:22:46.940 obelisk

02:22:47.360 in the

02:22:47.680 middle

02:22:47.920 and then

02:22:48.820 you've

02:22:49.020 got the

02:22:49.360 directions

02:22:49.880 radiating

02:22:50.700 from the

02:22:51.220 center

02:22:51.580 and of

02:22:52.580 course

02:22:52.840 St.

02:22:53.560 Peter's

02:22:53.920 this is

02:22:54.220 the

02:22:54.400 St.

02:22:54.780 Peter's

02:22:55.180 Basilica

02:22:56.080 in Rome

02:22:56.520 which is

02:22:56.880 an absolutely

02:22:57.720 unbelievable

02:22:58.640 place

02:22:59.140 it's just

02:22:59.640 jaw-dropping

02:23:00.740 and

02:23:01.840 so there's

02:23:03.060 the cathedral

02:23:03.620 at the

02:23:04.040 back of it

02:23:04.520 and then

02:23:04.760 there's

02:23:04.980 this

02:23:05.240 circle

02:23:05.980 of

02:23:06.220 pillars

02:23:06.600 that

02:23:06.960 surrounds

02:23:07.420 it

02:23:07.640 you can

02:23:08.120 just see

02:23:08.480 them

02:23:08.640 a little

02:23:08.880 bit

02:23:09.080 on

02:23:09.300 the

02:23:10.740 middle

02:23:11.180 left

02:23:11.580 there

02:23:11.880 that

02:23:12.440 goes

02:23:12.660 all

02:23:12.840 the

02:23:12.940 way

02:23:13.080 around

02:23:13.400 that

02:23:13.620 entire

02:23:13.980 enclosure

02:23:14.520 and

02:23:15.540 you know

02:23:16.560 a very

02:23:16.800 large

02:23:17.080 number

02:23:17.320 of

02:23:17.460 people

02:23:17.660 can

02:23:17.880 gather

02:23:18.220 there

02:23:18.540 and

02:23:19.440 then

02:23:19.680 so that

02:23:20.600 pillar

02:23:20.900 marks

02:23:21.360 the

02:23:21.800 center

02:23:22.160 and that

02:23:22.480 would be

02:23:22.660 the

02:23:22.860 center

02:23:23.120 of

02:23:23.320 catholicism

02:23:24.100 essentially

02:23:24.540 that's

02:23:24.900 what that

02:23:25.260 represents

02:23:25.840 right

02:23:26.120 the

02:23:26.300 symbolic

02:23:27.140 center

02:23:27.620 of

02:23:27.840 catholicism

02:23:28.540 although

02:23:29.520 you could

02:23:29.860 make the

02:23:30.200 case

02:23:30.400 that

02:23:30.560 the

02:23:30.700 cathedral

02:23:31.060 is

02:23:31.280 the

02:23:31.420 center

02:23:31.660 it

02:23:31.800 doesn't

02:23:32.000 really

02:23:32.180 matter

02:23:32.460 they're

02:23:32.700 very

02:23:32.960 close

02:23:33.200 together

02:23:33.560 and

02:23:33.800 it's

02:23:34.520 half

02:23:35.420 a dozen

02:23:35.720 of

02:23:35.880 one

02:23:36.060 and six

02:23:36.440 or the

02:23:36.680 other

02:23:36.920 and

02:23:38.100 then

02:23:38.300 here's

02:23:38.760 another

02:23:39.100 representation

02:23:40.080 of the

02:23:40.620 same

02:23:40.840 idea

02:23:41.200 right

02:23:41.500 is

02:23:41.720 that

02:23:41.960 this

02:23:42.440 is

02:23:42.580 why

02:23:42.720 people

02:23:42.980 don't

02:23:43.220 like

02:23:43.400 the

02:23:43.560 flag

02:23:43.860 to

02:23:44.060 be

02:23:44.220 burned

02:23:44.680 you know

02:23:45.440 because

02:23:45.760 conservative

02:23:46.240 people

02:23:46.660 see

02:23:46.900 the

02:23:47.080 flag

02:23:47.420 as

02:23:47.680 the

02:23:48.460 sacred

02:23:48.860 thing

02:23:49.180 that

02:23:49.380 binds

02:23:49.800 people

02:23:50.160 together

02:23:50.640 and

02:23:51.420 so

02:23:51.700 they're

02:23:52.020 not

02:23:52.220 happy

02:23:52.600 when

02:23:52.920 that

02:23:53.260 sacred

02:23:53.660 thing

02:23:53.940 is

02:23:54.140 destroyed

02:23:54.780 even

02:23:55.460 if

02:23:55.640 it's

02:23:55.840 destroyed

02:23:56.220 in

02:23:56.400 the

02:23:56.500 name

02:23:56.680 of

02:23:56.820 protest

02:23:57.320 whereas

02:23:57.560 the

02:23:57.760 people

02:23:57.980 who

02:23:58.160 burn

02:23:58.380 flags

02:23:58.720 think

02:23:58.980 well

02:23:59.160 there

02:23:59.340 are

02:23:59.440 times

02:23:59.840 to

02:24:00.500 dramatize

02:24:01.320 the

02:24:01.500 idea

02:24:01.840 that

02:24:02.080 the

02:24:02.280 center

02:24:02.560 has

02:24:02.820 been

02:24:03.060 corrupt

02:24:03.660 and

02:24:04.420 you

02:24:04.540 can

02:24:04.700 demonstrate

02:24:05.100 that

02:24:05.480 by

02:24:05.760 putting

02:24:06.640 it

02:24:06.820 to

02:24:06.940 the

02:24:07.120 torch

02:24:07.580 you know

02:24:08.180 as a

02:24:08.480 representation

02:24:09.000 that

02:24:09.500 that

02:24:10.640 the

02:24:10.900 corrupt

02:24:11.980 center

02:24:12.740 now

02:24:13.000 has

02:24:13.280 to

02:24:13.420 be

02:24:13.700 burned

02:24:15.140 and

02:24:15.380 transformed

02:24:16.080 and

02:24:17.000 the

02:24:17.280 thing

02:24:17.500 is

02:24:17.660 they're

02:24:17.820 both

02:24:18.080 right

02:24:18.480 they're

02:24:18.900 both

02:24:19.120 right

02:24:19.380 all

02:24:19.560 the

02:24:19.700 time

02:24:19.960 because

02:24:20.280 the

02:24:20.780 center

02:24:21.100 is

02:24:21.340 absolutely

02:24:21.740 necessary

02:24:22.260 and

02:24:22.600 is

02:24:22.880 sacred

02:24:23.260 and

02:24:23.560 is

02:24:23.720 almost

02:24:24.320 always

02:24:24.960 also

02:24:25.440 corrupt

02:24:25.920 and

02:24:26.420 in

02:24:26.600 need

02:24:26.840 of

02:24:27.060 reparation

02:24:27.880 that's

02:24:28.380 also

02:24:28.660 an

02:24:28.820 archetypal

02:24:29.340 idea

02:24:29.720 and

02:24:30.620 that's

02:24:31.060 a

02:24:31.140 useful

02:24:31.400 thing

02:24:31.660 to

02:24:31.800 know

02:24:31.960 because

02:24:32.280 you

02:24:32.420 know

02:24:32.560 it's

02:24:33.420 easy

02:24:33.620 for

02:24:33.800 young

02:24:34.020 people

02:24:34.360 in

02:24:34.540 particular

02:24:34.940 to

02:24:35.160 think

02:24:35.420 that

02:24:35.740 well

02:24:36.780 the

02:24:36.940 world's

02:24:37.260 gone

02:24:37.400 to

02:24:37.540 hell

02:24:37.740 in

02:24:37.860 a

02:24:37.960 hand

02:24:38.160 basket

02:24:38.560 and

02:24:38.820 it's

02:24:39.540 the

02:24:39.720 fault

02:24:40.240 of

02:24:40.420 the

02:24:40.540 last

02:24:40.780 generation

02:24:41.340 they've

02:24:41.640 left

02:24:41.840 us

02:24:42.000 this

02:24:42.200 terrible

02:24:42.540 mess

02:24:42.960 and

02:24:43.160 you

02:24:43.620 know

02:24:43.700 we're

02:24:44.020 feeling

02:24:44.320 pretty

02:24:44.580 betrayed

02:24:44.960 about

02:24:45.260 that

02:24:45.540 and

02:24:45.680 now

02:24:45.840 we

02:24:45.960 have

02:24:46.140 to

02:24:46.280 clean

02:24:46.500 it

02:24:46.660 up

02:24:46.820 it's

02:24:47.020 like

02:24:47.200 yeah

02:24:47.400 yeah

02:24:47.600 people

02:24:47.920 have

02:24:48.040 been

02:24:48.140 thinking

02:24:48.420 that

02:24:48.660 for

02:24:48.840 like

02:24:49.060 35,000

02:24:50.240 years

02:24:50.740 it's

02:24:51.340 not

02:24:51.620 new

02:24:52.040 and

02:24:52.580 the

02:24:52.840 reason

02:24:53.040 it's

02:24:53.240 not

02:24:53.420 new

02:24:53.620 is

02:24:53.720 because

02:24:53.880 it's

02:24:54.040 always

02:24:54.360 true

02:24:54.840 you

02:24:55.280 know

02:24:55.380 what

02:24:55.600 you're

02:24:55.820 handed

02:24:56.200 is

02:24:57.040 a

02:24:57.660 sacred

02:24:58.000 center

02:24:58.440 with

02:24:58.700 flaws

02:24:59.240 always

02:25:00.000 always

02:25:00.660 and

02:25:01.100 it's

02:25:01.200 partly

02:25:01.460 because

02:25:01.720 it's

02:25:01.900 the

02:25:02.060 creation

02:25:02.500 of

02:25:02.760 the

02:25:02.960 dead

02:25:03.340 right

02:25:04.080 and

02:25:04.180 the

02:25:04.320 dead

02:25:04.560 can't

02:25:05.260 see

02:25:05.500 and

02:25:05.660 they

02:25:05.800 can't

02:25:06.060 communicate

02:25:06.440 and

02:25:06.740 so

02:25:06.880 they're

02:25:07.040 not

02:25:07.200 in

02:25:07.360 touch

02:25:07.660 with

02:25:07.880 the

02:25:08.040 present

02:25:08.460 and

02:25:09.040 so

02:25:09.220 what

02:25:09.500 they've

02:25:09.800 bequeathed

02:25:10.300 to

02:25:10.460 you

02:25:10.700 apart

02:25:18.420 you

02:25:18.500 expect

02:25:18.860 from

02:25:19.080 something

02:25:19.400 that's

02:25:19.640 blind

02:25:19.920 and

02:25:20.160 dead

02:25:20.440 you're

02:25:21.360 lucky

02:25:21.580 if it

02:25:21.760 just

02:25:21.920 doesn't

02:25:22.180 stomp

02:25:22.640 you

02:25:22.800 out

02:25:22.940 of

02:25:23.040 existence

02:25:23.520 so

02:25:24.500 that's

02:25:25.320 a

02:25:25.660 lovely

02:25:26.000 photograph

02:25:26.580 obviously

02:25:27.100 and

02:25:27.360 that's

02:25:27.960 the

02:25:28.100 establishment

02:25:28.620 of a

02:25:29.020 new

02:25:29.220 center

02:25:29.660 then

02:25:30.900 the

02:25:32.100 center

02:25:32.660 can be

02:25:33.020 a

02:25:33.160 cathedral

02:25:33.580 too

02:25:33.960 and

02:25:34.120 often

02:25:34.420 is

02:25:34.760 of course

02:25:35.200 in

02:25:35.780 classic

02:25:36.680 towns

02:25:38.220 European

02:25:38.880 towns

02:25:39.380 in

02:25:39.800 particular

02:25:40.160 although

02:25:40.740 it's

02:25:41.840 not only

02:25:42.180 European

02:25:42.520 towns

02:25:42.820 that

02:25:42.960 are

02:25:43.040 like

02:25:43.220 this

02:25:43.440 there

02:25:43.640 there's

02:25:44.120 a

02:25:44.300 center

02:25:44.700 that's

02:25:45.280 made

02:25:45.460 out

02:25:45.620 of

02:25:45.760 stone

02:25:46.120 so

02:25:46.360 that

02:25:46.540 would

02:25:46.660 be

02:25:46.780 the

02:25:46.960 cathedral

02:25:47.340 and

02:25:47.820 it's

02:25:47.960 got

02:25:48.120 the

02:25:48.300 highest

02:25:48.660 tower

02:25:49.140 and

02:25:49.360 on top

02:25:49.760 of

02:25:49.880 the

02:25:50.000 tower

02:25:50.220 there's

02:25:50.520 often

02:25:50.820 a

02:25:51.040 cross

02:25:51.440 and

02:25:51.940 that's

02:25:52.200 the

02:25:52.400 symbolic

02:25:52.820 center

02:25:53.340 so

02:25:53.840 people

02:25:54.120 are

02:25:54.440 drawn

02:25:55.480 together

02:25:55.980 around

02:25:56.400 whatever

02:25:56.820 the

02:25:57.100 cross

02:25:57.540 represents

02:25:58.400 now

02:25:58.820 the

02:25:59.020 cross

02:25:59.400 obviously

02:25:59.860 represents

02:26:00.420 a

02:26:00.800 center

02:26:01.180 because

02:26:01.760 it's

02:26:01.960 an

02:26:02.100 X

02:26:02.440 right

02:26:02.740 X

02:26:03.020 marks

02:26:03.340 the

02:26:03.580 spot

02:26:03.940 so

02:26:04.460 the

02:26:04.640 center

02:26:04.880 of

02:26:05.040 the

02:26:05.160 cross

02:26:05.420 is

02:26:05.660 the

02:26:05.880 center

02:26:06.200 and

02:26:06.900 then

02:26:07.020 the

02:26:07.160 cathedral

02:26:07.560 is

02:26:07.740 often

02:26:08.040 in

02:26:08.240 a

02:26:08.400 cross

02:26:08.880 shape

02:26:09.360 which

02:26:09.580 also

02:26:09.880 marks

02:26:10.260 the

02:26:10.480 center

02:26:10.800 and

02:26:11.360 then

02:26:11.600 in

02:26:12.140 the

02:26:12.300 cathedral

02:26:12.720 there's

02:26:13.040 a

02:26:13.220 dome

02:26:13.580 often

02:26:14.060 and

02:26:14.260 that's

02:26:14.620 the

02:26:15.120 sky

02:26:15.660 and

02:26:15.900 that's

02:26:16.200 that

02:26:16.520 ladder

02:26:17.800 that reaches

02:26:18.440 from

02:26:18.740 earth

02:26:18.960 to

02:26:19.160 heaven

02:26:19.440 so

02:26:19.760 it's

02:26:19.960 a

02:26:20.080 recapitulation

02:26:20.880 of

02:26:21.120 the

02:26:21.280 same

02:26:21.540 idea

02:26:21.980 so

02:26:23.020 and

02:26:24.300 people

02:26:24.560 are

02:26:24.820 drawn

02:26:25.860 to

02:26:26.060 that

02:26:26.340 center

02:26:27.240 and

02:26:27.500 the

02:26:27.780 center

02:26:28.060 is

02:26:28.280 the

02:26:28.480 symbol

02:26:28.800 of

02:26:28.960 what

02:26:29.120 unites

02:26:29.560 them

02:26:29.800 and

02:26:29.960 what

02:26:30.140 unites

02:26:30.560 them

02:26:30.760 is

02:26:31.020 the

02:26:31.680 faith

02:26:32.240 that

02:26:33.240 the

02:26:33.700 cathedral

02:26:34.120 is

02:26:34.520 the

02:26:34.700 embodiment

02:26:35.280 of

02:26:35.580 and

02:26:36.280 you

02:26:36.760 think

02:26:37.040 well

02:26:37.180 what

02:26:37.360 does

02:26:37.540 the

02:26:37.720 faith

02:26:38.020 mean

02:26:38.380 and

02:26:38.560 again

02:26:38.860 we're

02:26:39.140 approaching

02:26:39.580 this

02:26:39.820 psychologically

02:26:40.380 and

02:26:40.720 what

02:26:40.840 it

02:26:40.980 means

02:26:41.240 is

02:26:41.440 that

02:26:41.700 everyone

02:26:43.260 who's

02:26:43.700 a

02:26:43.860 member

02:26:44.100 of

02:26:44.300 that

02:26:44.500 group

02:26:44.780 accepts

02:26:45.400 the

02:26:45.740 transcendent

02:26:46.480 ideal

02:26:46.880 of

02:26:47.120 the

02:26:47.260 group

02:26:47.560 now

02:26:48.600 the

02:26:48.760 thing

02:26:48.960 is

02:26:49.120 if

02:26:49.260 you're

02:26:49.380 the

02:26:49.520 member

02:26:49.760 of

02:26:49.940 a

02:26:50.040 group

02:26:50.220 you

02:26:50.420 accept

02:26:50.800 the

02:26:50.980 transcendent

02:26:51.600 ideal

02:26:51.920 of

02:26:52.100 the

02:26:52.220 group

02:26:52.440 that's

02:26:53.100 what

02:26:53.240 it

02:26:53.380 means

02:26:53.740 to

02:26:53.940 be

02:26:54.180 a

02:26:54.460 member

02:26:54.700 of

02:26:54.860 a

02:26:54.980 group

02:26:55.240 so

02:26:55.700 if

02:26:55.860 you're

02:26:55.980 in

02:26:56.060 a

02:26:56.160 work

02:26:56.420 team

02:26:56.660 and

02:26:56.780 you're

02:26:56.900 all

02:26:57.040 working

02:26:57.320 on

02:26:57.480 a

02:26:57.580 project

02:26:57.960 what

02:26:58.240 you've

02:26:58.460 essentially

02:26:58.840 done

02:26:59.220 is

02:26:59.740 decided

02:27:00.160 that

02:27:00.400 you're

02:27:00.620 going

02:27:00.820 to

02:27:00.980 make

02:27:01.220 the

02:27:01.740 goal

02:27:02.260 unquestionable

02:27:04.080 right

02:27:04.420 I mean

02:27:04.740 you might

02:27:05.000 argue

02:27:05.300 about

02:27:05.500 the

02:27:05.660 details

02:27:06.040 but

02:27:06.240 if

02:27:06.380 you're

02:27:06.540 tasked

02:27:07.020 with

02:27:07.280 something

02:27:07.660 you know

02:27:08.140 here's

02:27:08.420 a job

02:27:08.760 for you

02:27:09.140 ten

02:27:09.440 people

02:27:09.900 organize

02:27:10.240 yourself

02:27:10.700 around

02:27:10.940 the

02:27:11.100 job

02:27:11.380 you can

02:27:12.280 argue

02:27:12.600 about

02:27:12.940 how

02:27:13.200 you're

02:27:13.440 going

02:27:13.680 to

02:27:13.840 do

02:27:14.000 the

02:27:14.180 job

02:27:14.460 but

02:27:14.660 you

02:27:14.820 can't

02:27:15.160 argue

02:27:15.420 about

02:27:15.680 the

02:27:15.860 job

02:27:16.260 then

02:27:16.840 the

02:27:17.000 group

02:27:17.220 falls

02:27:17.540 apart

02:27:17.980 and

02:27:18.540 so

02:27:18.760 there's

02:27:19.440 an

02:27:19.580 act

02:27:19.920 of

02:27:20.100 faith

02:27:20.480 in

02:27:20.660 some

02:27:20.900 sense

02:27:21.360 the

02:27:22.940 reason

02:27:23.280 that

02:27:23.460 the

02:27:23.580 act

02:27:23.800 of

02:27:23.920 faith

02:27:24.140 is

02:27:24.320 necessary

02:27:24.840 is

02:27:25.100 because

02:27:25.340 it's

02:27:25.560 very

02:27:25.860 very

02:27:26.120 difficult

02:27:26.520 to

02:27:26.820 specify

02:27:27.500 without

02:27:28.060 error

02:27:28.480 what

02:27:28.820 that

02:27:29.060 central

02:27:29.440 aim

02:27:29.700 should

02:27:29.960 be

02:27:30.360 given

02:27:31.000 that

02:27:31.200 there's

02:27:31.400 any

02:27:31.580 number

02:27:31.940 of

02:27:32.120 aims

02:27:32.440 right

02:27:32.720 and

02:27:33.080 it's

02:27:33.200 a

02:27:33.340 very

02:27:33.600 very

02:27:33.820 difficult

02:27:34.140 thing

02:27:34.500 to

02:27:34.680 figure

02:27:34.900 out

02:27:35.120 and

02:27:35.300 this

02:27:35.480 is

02:27:35.600 something

02:27:35.800 we're

02:27:36.020 going

02:27:36.120 to

02:27:36.160 do

02:27:36.280 a

02:27:36.400 little

02:27:36.500 bit

02:27:36.660 tonight

02:27:36.880 is

02:27:37.060 like

02:27:37.760 what

02:27:38.380 should

02:27:38.740 the

02:27:38.980 aim

02:27:39.320 be

02:27:39.760 around

02:27:40.260 which

02:27:40.600 a

02:27:40.780 group

02:27:41.060 would

02:27:41.320 congregate

02:27:42.120 you

02:27:43.120 know

02:27:43.260 so

02:27:43.700 especially

02:27:44.600 if it's

02:27:44.860 a

02:27:44.980 large

02:27:45.280 group

02:27:45.680 and

02:27:46.340 it's

02:27:46.480 a

02:27:46.580 large

02:27:46.820 group

02:27:47.020 that

02:27:47.200 has

02:27:47.420 to

02:27:47.580 stay

02:27:47.820 together

02:27:48.200 across

02:27:48.640 very

02:27:48.980 large

02:27:49.360 swaths

02:27:49.920 of

02:27:50.060 time

02:27:50.540 and

02:27:51.220 the

02:27:51.340 group

02:27:51.580 is

02:27:51.760 incredibly

02:27:52.780 diverse

02:27:53.420 you

02:27:53.840 know

02:27:53.940 what

02:27:54.220 possible

02:27:54.820 kind

02:27:55.160 of

02:27:55.300 ideal

02:27:55.680 could

02:27:55.940 unite

02:27:56.380 a

02:27:57.200 large

02:27:57.600 group

02:27:57.900 of

02:27:58.100 diverse

02:27:58.540 people

02:27:58.900 across

02:27:59.280 a

02:27:59.440 very

02:27:59.640 large

02:27:59.940 stretch

02:28:00.260 of

02:28:00.440 time

02:28:00.720 that's

02:28:01.320 a

02:28:01.440 really

02:28:01.900 really

02:28:02.220 hard

02:28:02.540 question

02:28:03.000 and

02:28:03.180 I

02:28:03.300 think

02:28:03.520 part

02:28:04.280 of

02:28:04.360 the

02:28:04.440 way

02:28:04.560 that

02:28:04.780 question

02:28:05.160 has

02:28:05.340 been

02:28:05.520 answered

02:28:05.900 is

02:28:06.180 it's

02:28:06.600 been

02:28:06.740 answered

02:28:07.040 symbolically

02:28:07.860 and

02:28:08.060 in

02:28:08.360 images

02:28:08.740 because

02:28:09.120 it's

02:28:09.340 so

02:28:09.500 damn

02:28:09.740 complicated

02:28:10.260 that

02:28:10.640 it's

02:28:10.840 almost

02:28:11.180 impossible

02:28:11.920 to

02:28:12.460 articulate

02:28:13.020 so

02:28:14.320 but

02:28:14.840 obviously

02:28:15.300 you need

02:28:15.840 to have

02:28:16.220 a

02:28:16.380 center

02:28:16.720 around

02:28:17.140 which

02:28:17.500 everyone

02:28:17.840 can

02:28:18.100 unite

02:28:18.400 because

02:28:18.700 if

02:28:18.900 you

02:28:19.020 don't

02:28:19.340 then

02:28:19.920 everyone

02:28:20.320 is

02:28:20.460 at

02:28:20.620 odds

02:28:20.960 with

02:28:21.200 one

02:28:21.360 another

02:28:21.600 like

02:28:21.800 if

02:28:21.920 I

02:28:22.020 don't

02:28:22.140 know

02:28:22.260 what

02:28:22.460 you're

02:28:22.680 up

02:28:22.880 to

02:28:23.080 and

02:28:23.240 you

02:28:23.340 don't

02:28:23.480 know

02:28:23.580 what

02:28:23.700 he's

02:28:24.000 up

02:28:24.200 to

02:28:24.440 we

02:28:24.780 have

02:28:24.880 no

02:28:25.120 we're

02:28:25.340 just

02:28:25.580 strangers

02:28:26.120 and

02:28:26.720 we

02:28:26.840 don't

02:28:27.140 know

02:28:27.320 that

02:28:27.480 our

02:28:27.660 ethics

02:28:28.040 match

02:28:28.460 at

02:28:28.720 all

02:28:29.100 then

02:28:29.760 the

02:28:29.960 probability

02:28:30.400 that

02:28:30.780 we're

02:28:30.940 going

02:28:31.160 to

02:28:31.320 be

02:28:31.460 able

02:28:31.640 to

02:28:31.840 exist

02:28:32.360 harmoniously

02:28:33.180 decreases

02:28:33.800 rapidly

02:28:34.380 to

02:28:34.700 zero

02:28:35.060 and

02:28:35.820 that's

02:28:36.320 obviously

02:28:36.740 just

02:28:37.040 no

02:28:37.260 good

02:28:37.560 that's

02:28:38.060 a

02:28:38.180 state

02:28:38.380 of

02:28:38.520 total

02:28:38.840 chaos

02:28:39.440 so

02:28:40.000 we

02:28:40.140 can't

02:28:40.380 have

02:28:40.660 that

02:28:40.920 it's

02:28:41.160 not

02:28:41.560 possible

02:28:42.160 to

02:28:43.040 exist

02:28:43.920 without

02:28:44.420 a

02:28:45.200 central

02:28:45.620 ideal

02:28:46.060 it's

02:28:46.320 not

02:28:46.580 possible

02:28:47.080 and

02:28:47.620 it's

02:28:47.900 deeper

02:28:48.340 than

02:28:48.620 that

02:28:48.840 it's

02:28:49.100 deeper

02:28:49.380 than

02:28:49.620 that

02:28:49.820 partly

02:28:50.180 because

02:28:50.560 it's

02:28:52.260 I'll

02:28:54.820 try

02:28:54.980 to

02:28:55.100 get

02:28:55.240 this

02:28:55.460 right

02:28:55.660 this

02:28:55.860 is

02:28:55.980 the

02:28:56.120 sort

02:28:56.300 of

02:28:56.380 thing

02:28:56.560 that

02:28:56.700 I

02:28:56.800 was

02:28:56.940 arguing

02:28:57.280 with

02:28:57.480 Sam

02:28:57.840 Harris

02:28:58.180 about

02:28:58.520 you

02:29:00.720 see

02:29:00.980 your

02:29:01.920 category

02:29:02.380 system

02:29:02.960 is a

02:29:03.380 product

02:29:03.840 of

02:29:04.200 your

02:29:04.420 aims

02:29:04.980 that's

02:29:06.260 the

02:29:06.400 thing

02:29:06.740 like

02:29:07.340 if

02:29:07.540 you

02:29:07.660 have

02:29:07.820 a

02:29:07.980 set

02:29:08.180 of

02:29:08.360 facts

02:29:08.760 at

02:29:09.040 hand

02:29:09.380 the

02:29:09.580 facts

02:29:09.960 don't

02:29:10.360 tell

02:29:10.620 you

02:29:10.760 how

02:29:10.880 to

02:29:11.020 categorize

02:29:11.580 the

02:29:11.720 facts

02:29:12.140 because

02:29:12.620 there's

02:29:12.840 too

02:29:13.040 damn

02:29:13.360 many

02:29:13.640 facts

02:29:14.200 there's

02:29:14.800 a

02:29:14.920 trillion

02:29:15.800 facts

02:29:16.500 and

02:29:17.200 there's

02:29:17.380 no

02:29:17.620 way

02:29:18.020 without

02:29:18.880 imposing

02:29:19.600 some

02:29:19.900 a

02:29:20.080 priority

02:29:20.460 order

02:29:21.060 on

02:29:21.340 them

02:29:21.520 of

02:29:21.900 determining

02:29:22.320 how

02:29:22.600 it is

02:29:22.840 that

02:29:22.980 you

02:29:23.100 should

02:29:23.280 order

02:29:23.540 them

02:29:23.720 so

02:29:23.880 how

02:29:24.040 do

02:29:24.160 you

02:29:24.260 order

02:29:24.500 them

02:29:24.740 well

02:29:25.140 that's

02:29:25.420 easy

02:29:25.740 you

02:29:26.240 decide

02:29:26.900 what

02:29:27.180 you're

02:29:27.420 aiming

02:29:27.700 at

02:29:28.140 now

02:29:29.440 how

02:29:29.620 do

02:29:29.740 you

02:29:29.820 do

02:29:29.980 that

02:29:30.300 well

02:29:30.560 I'm

02:29:31.020 not

02:29:31.180 answering

02:29:31.500 that

02:29:31.700 question

02:29:32.060 at

02:29:32.260 the

02:29:32.360 moment

02:29:32.580 I'm

02:29:33.000 just

02:29:33.160 saying

02:29:33.440 that

02:29:33.640 in

02:29:34.180 order

02:29:34.540 to

02:29:34.780 organize

02:29:35.220 those

02:29:35.480 facts

02:29:35.800 you

02:29:35.980 need

02:29:36.220 an

02:29:36.340 aim

02:29:36.640 and

02:29:37.700 then

02:29:37.860 the

02:29:38.040 aim

02:29:38.360 instantly

02:29:38.900 organizes

02:29:39.520 the

02:29:39.680 facts

02:29:40.000 into

02:29:40.200 those

02:29:40.500 things

02:29:40.760 relevant

02:29:41.220 to

02:29:41.460 the

02:29:41.600 aim

02:29:41.880 tools

02:29:42.580 let's

02:29:42.940 say

02:29:43.140 those

02:29:43.640 things

02:29:43.900 that

02:29:44.060 get

02:29:44.340 in

02:29:44.520 the

02:29:44.620 way

02:29:44.880 and

02:29:45.360 a

02:29:45.520 very

02:29:45.880 large

02:29:46.320 number

02:29:46.640 of

02:29:46.820 things

02:29:47.060 that

02:29:47.240 you

02:29:47.340 don't

02:29:47.600 have

02:29:47.800 to

02:29:47.920 pay

02:29:48.080 attention

02:29:48.400 to

02:29:48.620 at

02:29:48.780 all

02:29:49.100 right

02:29:49.940 it

02:29:50.100 excludes

02:29:50.900 like if

02:29:52.080 you're

02:29:52.200 working

02:29:52.460 on an

02:29:52.780 engineering

02:29:53.160 problem

02:29:53.660 you

02:29:54.120 don't

02:29:54.260 have

02:29:54.460 to

02:29:54.600 worry

02:29:54.820 about

02:29:55.660 practicing

02:29:58.860 medicine

02:29:59.440 in your

02:29:59.880 neighborhood

02:30:00.300 you

02:30:01.600 don't

02:30:01.760 there's

02:30:02.100 a bunch

02:30:02.400 of

02:30:02.540 like if

02:30:03.020 you're

02:30:03.180 focusing

02:30:03.540 on a

02:30:03.900 particular

02:30:04.300 what

02:30:07.940 would

02:30:08.280 you

02:30:08.400 say

02:30:08.700 any

02:30:11.240 job

02:30:13.580 any

02:30:13.940 set

02:30:15.020 of

02:30:15.200 skills

02:30:15.780 implies

02:30:16.360 that

02:30:16.540 you're

02:30:16.720 good

02:30:16.920 at

02:30:17.060 a

02:30:17.200 small

02:30:17.480 set

02:30:17.720 of

02:30:17.840 things

02:30:18.060 and

02:30:18.200 then

02:30:18.340 not

02:30:18.600 good

02:30:18.860 at

02:30:19.000 an

02:30:19.200 incredibly

02:30:19.820 large

02:30:20.240 number

02:30:20.760 of

02:30:20.920 other

02:30:21.160 skills

02:30:21.600 it

02:30:22.160 simplifies

02:30:22.880 things

02:30:23.300 and so

02:30:23.800 you can

02:30:24.480 use

02:30:24.800 your

02:30:25.000 aim

02:30:25.280 as

02:30:25.620 the

02:30:26.100 basis

02:30:26.420 of

02:30:26.640 a

02:30:26.780 category

02:30:27.140 structure

02:30:27.740 and so

02:30:28.560 you also

02:30:29.580 have to

02:30:29.960 keep

02:30:30.120 that

02:30:30.300 in

02:30:30.420 mind

02:30:30.580 because

02:30:30.820 what

02:30:31.020 it

02:30:31.160 means

02:30:31.440 is

02:30:31.680 as far

02:30:32.240 as

02:30:32.360 I

02:30:32.460 can

02:30:32.580 tell

02:30:32.800 what

02:30:33.500 it

02:30:33.640 means

02:30:33.880 is

02:30:34.080 that

02:30:34.300 your

02:30:36.060 category

02:30:36.460 system

02:30:36.940 itself

02:30:37.380 which

02:30:37.620 is

02:30:37.820 what

02:30:38.260 structures

02:30:38.620 your

02:30:38.820 perceptions

02:30:39.260 is

02:30:39.500 actually

02:30:39.820 dependent

02:30:40.300 on

02:30:40.620 the

02:30:40.780 ethics

02:30:41.100 of

02:30:41.300 your

02:30:41.460 aim

02:30:41.720 it's

02:30:42.220 directly

02:30:42.900 it's

02:30:43.380 a

02:30:43.500 moral

02:30:43.960 thing

02:30:44.420 it's

02:30:44.960 directly

02:30:45.660 dependent

02:30:46.120 on

02:30:46.380 your

02:30:46.540 aim

02:30:46.820 and

02:30:47.520 that's

02:30:47.800 a

02:30:47.940 stunning

02:30:48.760 idea

02:30:49.300 if

02:30:49.540 it

02:30:49.660 happens

02:30:49.960 to

02:30:50.120 be

02:30:50.260 true

02:30:50.440 it's

02:30:50.680 not

02:30:50.980 how

02:30:51.200 people

02:30:51.520 think

02:30:51.940 about

02:30:52.380 thinking

02:30:52.820 we

02:30:53.840 don't

02:30:54.100 think

02:30:54.340 that

02:30:54.560 way

02:30:54.760 like

02:30:55.040 we

02:30:55.220 think

02:30:55.480 that

02:30:55.680 we

02:30:55.840 think

02:30:56.060 deterministically

02:30:56.880 let's

02:30:57.280 say

02:30:57.500 or

02:30:58.300 that

02:30:58.540 we

02:30:58.800 think

02:30:59.100 empirically

02:30:59.660 or

02:30:59.800 that

02:30:59.940 we

02:31:00.060 think

02:31:00.280 rationally

02:31:00.920 and

02:31:01.460 none

02:31:01.700 of

02:31:01.820 that

02:31:01.960 appears

02:31:02.240 to

02:31:02.400 be

02:31:02.500 the

02:31:02.640 case

02:31:02.960 what

02:31:03.180 we

02:31:03.320 do

02:31:03.480 is

02:31:03.600 we

02:31:03.760 posit

02:31:04.180 a

02:31:04.380 valid

02:31:04.680 aim

02:31:05.060 and

02:31:05.680 then

02:31:05.800 we

02:31:05.940 organize

02:31:06.300 the

02:31:06.500 world

02:31:06.720 around

02:31:06.980 the

02:31:07.160 aim

02:31:07.400 and

02:31:07.800 there's

02:31:07.960 plenty

02:31:08.380 of

02:31:08.560 evidence

02:31:08.880 from

02:31:09.120 that

02:31:09.360 in

02:31:09.840 psychological

02:31:11.120 studies

02:31:11.680 of

02:31:11.860 perception

02:31:12.340 right

02:31:12.680 that

02:31:13.120 does

02:31:13.700 look

02:31:14.040 like

02:31:14.280 how

02:31:14.540 the

02:31:15.400 perceptual

02:31:16.240 systems

02:31:16.680 work

02:31:17.000 mostly

02:31:17.640 they

02:31:17.900 ignore

02:31:18.380 because

02:31:19.060 the

02:31:19.180 world

02:31:19.340 is

02:31:19.440 too

02:31:19.560 complicated

02:31:20.100 they

02:31:20.700 focus

02:31:21.000 on

02:31:21.180 a

02:31:21.300 small

02:31:21.600 set

02:31:21.960 of

02:31:22.300 phenomena

02:31:23.360 deemed

02:31:24.020 relevant

02:31:24.620 to

02:31:24.900 whatever

02:31:25.180 the

02:31:25.420 aim

02:31:25.660 is

02:31:25.940 and

02:31:26.420 then

02:31:26.540 of

02:31:26.720 course

02:31:26.880 the

02:31:27.060 aim

02:31:27.220 is

02:31:27.380 problematic

02:31:28.000 again

02:31:28.760 it's

02:31:29.020 complex

02:31:29.400 because

02:31:29.800 the

02:31:30.320 aim

02:31:30.540 I

02:31:30.720 have

02:31:31.080 has

02:31:31.360 to

02:31:31.500 be

02:31:31.620 an

02:31:31.740 aim

02:31:31.920 that

02:31:32.120 some

02:31:33.020 of

02:31:33.160 you

02:31:33.300 share

02:31:34.200 or

02:31:34.480 at

02:31:34.680 least

02:31:34.900 don't

02:31:35.260 object

02:31:35.780 to

02:31:36.160 because

02:31:36.580 otherwise

02:31:36.840 I'm

02:31:37.120 not

02:31:37.280 going

02:31:37.400 to

02:31:37.480 get

02:31:37.620 anywhere

02:31:37.900 with

02:31:38.060 my

02:31:38.220 damn

02:31:38.480 aim

02:31:38.720 it

02:31:39.120 has

02:31:39.360 to

02:31:39.520 actually

02:31:39.940 be

02:31:40.180 implementable

02:31:40.840 in

02:31:41.000 the

02:31:41.120 world

02:31:41.440 it

02:31:41.880 has

02:31:42.080 to

02:31:42.200 be

02:31:42.360 sustainable

02:31:42.980 across

02:31:43.560 at

02:31:43.780 least

02:31:44.000 some

02:31:44.400 amount

02:31:44.720 of

02:31:44.900 time

02:31:45.300 it

02:31:46.000 can't

02:31:46.320 kill

02:31:46.620 me

02:31:46.900 like

02:31:47.160 it's

02:31:47.540 really

02:31:48.020 hedged

02:31:48.620 in

02:31:48.900 this

02:31:49.180 aim

02:31:49.480 it

02:31:49.680 isn't

02:31:50.520 any

02:31:50.740 old

02:31:51.040 thing

02:31:51.440 there's

02:31:52.080 hardly

02:31:52.400 any

02:31:52.700 things

02:31:53.040 that

02:31:53.220 it

02:31:53.360 can

02:31:53.560 be

02:31:53.920 so

02:31:54.860 you

02:31:55.360 know

02:31:55.480 Jacob's

02:31:56.140 aim

02:31:56.360 for

02:31:56.580 example

02:31:57.060 in

02:31:57.900 undermining

02:31:59.780 Esau

02:32:00.300 almost

02:32:00.840 gets

02:32:01.160 him

02:32:01.340 killed

02:32:01.700 and

02:32:02.420 you

02:32:02.520 can

02:32:02.640 understand

02:32:03.080 why

02:32:03.420 that's

02:32:03.720 the

02:32:03.840 other

02:32:04.020 thing

02:32:04.240 you

02:32:04.360 think

02:32:04.520 well

02:32:04.680 that

02:32:04.920 was

02:32:05.560 a

02:32:05.720 nasty

02:32:06.080 bit

02:32:06.360 of

02:32:06.520 work

02:32:06.800 you

02:32:06.960 can

02:32:07.120 understand

02:32:07.600 Esau's

02:32:08.120 rage

02:32:08.560 it's

02:32:08.760 even

02:32:09.200 though

02:32:09.380 we're

02:32:09.600 separated

02:32:10.200 from

02:32:10.780 the

02:32:10.920 people

02:32:11.180 in

02:32:11.380 these

02:32:11.580 stories

02:32:11.960 by

02:32:12.300 what

02:32:12.920 4,000

02:32:13.660 years

02:32:13.960 3,000

02:32:14.600 years

02:32:14.900 something

02:32:15.180 like

02:32:15.460 that

02:32:15.720 you

02:32:16.280 know

02:32:16.500 immediately

02:32:17.460 why

02:32:18.680 everyone

02:32:19.160 feels

02:32:19.620 the way

02:32:19.940 they

02:32:20.100 do

02:32:20.300 at least

02:32:20.680 once

02:32:20.960 you

02:32:21.100 understand

02:32:21.600 the

02:32:21.800 context

02:32:22.220 of

02:32:22.420 the

02:32:22.580 story

02:32:22.940 that

02:32:23.280 none

02:32:23.460 of

02:32:23.580 that's

02:32:24.060 mysterious

02:32:24.520 in the

02:32:24.940 least

02:32:25.300 so

02:32:26.600 so

02:32:28.500 there's

02:32:28.820 the

02:32:29.020 church

02:32:29.400 and the

02:32:29.700 church

02:32:29.940 is

02:32:30.100 underneath

02:32:30.400 the

02:32:30.740 cross

02:32:31.220 right

02:32:32.960 and so

02:32:33.200 that's

02:32:33.520 Saint

02:32:33.660 Peter's

02:32:34.100 basilica

02:32:34.680 and so

02:32:35.680 there's

02:32:35.940 the

02:32:36.120 cross

02:32:36.520 on

02:32:36.860 the

02:32:37.040 globe

02:32:37.480 on

02:32:38.000 top

02:32:38.260 of

02:32:38.400 the

02:32:38.560 basilica

02:32:39.160 and

02:32:39.760 then

02:32:39.940 there's

02:32:40.180 the

02:32:40.340 cross

02:32:40.800 on

02:32:41.540 the

02:32:42.260 obelisk

02:32:43.500 as

02:32:43.700 well

02:32:44.020 and

02:32:44.980 so

02:32:45.280 what

02:32:46.100 that

02:32:46.340 means

02:32:46.700 is

02:32:46.900 that

02:32:47.160 and this

02:32:47.900 is

02:32:48.020 where

02:32:48.180 things

02:32:48.440 get

02:32:48.640 insanely

02:32:49.160 complicated

02:32:49.800 is

02:32:51.200 that

02:32:51.480 the

02:32:52.520 center

02:32:52.900 is

02:32:53.160 defined

02:32:53.600 by

02:32:53.820 whatever

02:32:54.140 the

02:32:54.340 cross

02:32:54.640 represents

02:32:55.380 now

02:32:55.960 the

02:32:56.120 cross

02:32:56.380 represents

02:32:57.020 a crossing

02:32:58.440 point

02:32:58.780 geographically

02:32:59.540 it's

02:32:59.780 certainly

02:33:00.280 that

02:33:00.700 the

02:33:01.300 cross

02:33:01.540 probably

02:33:02.020 represents

02:33:02.520 the

02:33:02.740 body

02:33:03.060 to

02:33:03.280 some

02:33:03.500 degree

02:33:03.860 but

02:33:04.540 then

02:33:04.680 the

02:33:04.820 cross

02:33:05.100 also

02:33:05.460 represents

02:33:06.000 the

02:33:06.220 place

02:33:06.680 of

02:33:06.860 suffering

02:33:07.540 obviously

02:33:08.440 and

02:33:09.340 more

02:33:09.640 importantly

02:33:10.060 it

02:33:10.480 represents

02:33:10.880 the

02:33:11.100 place

02:33:11.420 of

02:33:11.580 voluntary

02:33:12.120 suffering

02:33:12.940 transcended

02:33:13.880 I'm speaking

02:33:15.200 psychologically

02:33:16.000 right

02:33:16.520 not

02:33:17.060 theologically

02:33:17.860 that's

02:33:18.620 what it

02:33:18.860 represents

02:33:19.380 and so

02:33:20.280 you might

02:33:20.640 say

02:33:20.960 so here's

02:33:21.520 the idea

02:33:22.140 behind

02:33:22.980 putting down

02:33:24.000 the obelisk

02:33:24.560 with the

02:33:25.060 cross

02:33:25.440 and saying

02:33:25.920 that that's

02:33:26.380 the center

02:33:26.900 so that's

02:33:28.120 the thing

02:33:28.420 that everyone's

02:33:28.980 aiming at

02:33:29.540 and so

02:33:29.880 the idea

02:33:30.780 would be

02:33:31.240 well if

02:33:31.640 you're going

02:33:32.080 to be a

02:33:32.480 member

02:33:32.760 of the

02:33:33.160 group

02:33:33.480 defined

02:33:33.940 by this

02:33:34.360 obelisk

02:33:34.880 then what

02:33:35.320 you do

02:33:35.700 is

02:33:35.940 accept

02:33:37.140 your

02:33:37.380 position

02:33:37.900 at the

02:33:38.680 center

02:33:38.940 of

02:33:39.140 suffering

02:33:39.580 voluntarily

02:33:40.180 and therefore

02:33:41.300 transcend it

02:33:42.360 that's the

02:33:43.360 idea

02:33:43.780 and that

02:33:44.560 is one

02:33:45.120 hell of

02:33:45.700 an idea

02:33:46.180 it really

02:33:46.940 is man

02:33:47.520 that is

02:33:47.900 a killer

02:33:48.420 idea

02:33:48.960 because

02:33:49.640 it's actually

02:33:50.540 a signal

02:33:51.120 it's a really

02:33:52.060 clear signal

02:33:52.760 of psychological

02:33:53.460 health

02:33:54.020 you know

02:33:54.840 because one

02:33:55.300 of the things

02:33:55.700 you do

02:33:56.040 if you're a

02:33:56.440 clinical

02:33:56.700 psychologist

02:33:57.340 and someone

02:33:57.960 is paralyzed

02:33:58.560 by fear

02:33:59.420 is what

02:34:00.420 you do

02:34:00.800 is you

02:34:01.120 break their

02:34:01.620 fears down

02:34:02.320 into relatively

02:34:03.260 manageable

02:34:03.860 bits

02:34:04.740 and then you

02:34:05.660 have them

02:34:06.000 voluntarily

02:34:06.760 confront

02:34:07.660 their fears

02:34:08.440 and it

02:34:09.120 might also be

02:34:09.780 things that

02:34:10.220 they're

02:34:10.420 disgusted by

02:34:11.220 say if they

02:34:11.860 have obsessive

02:34:12.460 compulsive

02:34:12.900 disorder

02:34:13.320 but it

02:34:13.900 produces

02:34:14.220 very strong

02:34:14.960 negative

02:34:15.320 emotion

02:34:15.800 whatever it

02:34:16.360 is

02:34:16.620 and then you

02:34:17.400 have them

02:34:17.720 voluntarily

02:34:18.360 confront

02:34:19.020 whatever it

02:34:19.600 is that

02:34:19.880 produces that

02:34:20.580 overwhelming

02:34:21.540 negative

02:34:22.040 emotion

02:34:22.560 and that

02:34:23.360 makes them

02:34:23.860 stronger

02:34:24.420 that's what

02:34:25.380 happens

02:34:25.760 it doesn't

02:34:26.560 make them

02:34:27.100 less afraid

02:34:27.960 it makes

02:34:29.960 them more

02:34:30.360 courageous

02:34:30.720 and stronger

02:34:31.360 and that is

02:34:31.780 not the same

02:34:32.380 thing

02:34:32.660 it's seriously

02:34:33.340 not

02:34:33.600 it doesn't

02:34:34.000 decrease

02:34:34.520 the fear

02:34:35.140 it increases

02:34:36.240 the courage

02:34:37.080 and so

02:34:38.380 that's a

02:34:39.240 mind-boggling

02:34:40.100 idea

02:34:40.560 and it's

02:34:41.500 deeper

02:34:41.840 you know

02:34:42.480 one of the

02:34:43.040 things that's

02:34:43.480 really interesting

02:34:44.140 about these

02:34:44.600 archetypal ideas

02:34:45.460 is that

02:34:45.940 and maybe it's

02:34:46.760 partly because of

02:34:47.500 the hyperlinked

02:34:48.240 nature of the

02:34:48.780 bible

02:34:49.080 that's part of

02:34:49.800 it but

02:34:50.140 it's not the

02:34:51.020 whole thing

02:34:51.420 is that no

02:34:51.760 matter how

02:34:52.180 deep you dig

02:34:52.960 into them

02:34:53.440 you'll never

02:34:54.220 get to the

02:34:54.720 bottom

02:34:55.000 you know

02:34:55.700 you hit a

02:34:56.200 bottom

02:34:56.480 you think

02:34:56.860 god that's

02:34:57.480 so unbelievably

02:34:58.280 profound

02:34:58.960 and then if you

02:34:59.920 excavate a little

02:35:00.660 underneath that

02:35:01.320 you find something

02:35:01.980 else that's even

02:35:02.620 more profound

02:35:03.400 and you think

02:35:03.860 wow that's got to

02:35:04.820 be the bottom

02:35:05.400 and then you dig

02:35:06.280 under that

02:35:06.760 it's like

02:35:07.060 there's no

02:35:07.820 bottom

02:35:08.240 you can just

02:35:08.860 keep digging

02:35:09.480 down

02:35:09.900 well as far

02:35:10.440 as I can tell

02:35:11.020 you can keep

02:35:11.580 digging down

02:35:12.120 layer after

02:35:12.800 layer

02:35:13.180 and we'll talk

02:35:14.300 a little bit

02:35:14.700 about more

02:35:15.280 a little more

02:35:15.940 about what the

02:35:16.500 cross signifies

02:35:18.140 as the center

02:35:19.400 because you see

02:35:20.640 what people were

02:35:21.260 trying to figure

02:35:21.820 out

02:35:22.180 is

02:35:22.780 what is it

02:35:23.980 that we need

02:35:24.440 to unite

02:35:25.080 under

02:35:25.580 right

02:35:26.140 what's the

02:35:26.640 proper thing

02:35:27.400 to unite

02:35:27.960 under

02:35:28.180 I can give you

02:35:28.900 another example

02:35:29.560 so in the

02:35:30.460 Mesopotamian

02:35:31.240 societies

02:35:31.840 the emperor

02:35:33.400 you know

02:35:35.740 who was more

02:35:36.280 or less

02:35:36.540 an absolute

02:35:37.400 monarch

02:35:38.020 he lived

02:35:39.220 inside

02:35:39.640 what was

02:35:40.420 essentially

02:35:40.800 a walled

02:35:41.320 city

02:35:41.600 and the

02:35:43.280 god of the

02:35:44.100 Mesopotamians

02:35:44.860 was Marduk

02:35:45.700 and Marduk

02:35:46.640 was the

02:35:47.160 figure

02:35:47.620 who had eyes

02:35:49.080 all the way

02:35:49.420 around his

02:35:49.800 head

02:35:50.000 and he spoke

02:35:50.480 magic words

02:35:51.100 so he was

02:35:51.340 very attentive

02:35:51.980 and very

02:35:52.500 articulate

02:35:53.000 and it was

02:35:54.020 Marduk

02:35:54.360 who went

02:35:54.720 out and

02:35:55.640 confronted the

02:35:56.600 goddess of

02:35:57.180 chaos

02:35:57.560 the dragon

02:35:58.180 of chaos

02:35:58.700 and cut her

02:35:59.460 into pieces

02:35:59.940 and made up

02:36:00.500 the world

02:36:00.960 okay so

02:36:01.740 you can kind

02:36:02.440 of understand

02:36:02.880 what that

02:36:03.300 means

02:36:03.540 so Marduk

02:36:04.320 goes beyond

02:36:05.140 the frontier

02:36:06.340 into the

02:36:07.260 place of

02:36:08.140 predatory

02:36:09.120 chaos

02:36:09.620 and encounters

02:36:11.180 the thing

02:36:11.780 that's terrifying

02:36:12.620 and then

02:36:13.300 makes something

02:36:14.220 productive out

02:36:15.020 of it

02:36:15.300 so it's a

02:36:15.980 hero myth

02:36:16.520 and Marduk

02:36:18.100 is elected

02:36:18.640 to the position

02:36:19.400 of preeminent

02:36:20.140 god by all

02:36:20.940 the other

02:36:21.420 Mesopotamian

02:36:22.160 gods

02:36:22.460 because he

02:36:22.980 manages that

02:36:23.700 so the

02:36:24.460 Marduk

02:36:25.160 idea

02:36:25.520 emerges

02:36:26.040 up the

02:36:26.640 holy

02:36:27.180 dominance

02:36:29.460 hierarchy

02:36:29.860 and hits

02:36:30.360 the pinnacle

02:36:30.940 so that

02:36:31.560 and god

02:36:32.160 only knows

02:36:32.600 how long

02:36:32.980 that took

02:36:33.600 it would be

02:36:34.140 the amalgamation

02:36:34.960 of many

02:36:35.500 tribes

02:36:36.060 and then

02:36:36.760 the

02:36:37.320 what

02:36:39.040 the

02:36:39.440 distillation

02:36:41.840 of all

02:36:42.240 the tribal

02:36:42.760 myths

02:36:43.180 to produce

02:36:43.860 this

02:36:44.200 emergent

02:36:44.860 story

02:36:45.320 of what

02:36:45.800 constitutes

02:36:46.540 top god

02:36:47.340 and then

02:36:48.020 the job

02:36:48.420 of the

02:36:48.700 emperor

02:36:48.980 was to

02:36:49.360 act out

02:36:49.900 Marduk

02:36:50.380 that's what

02:36:51.420 gave him

02:36:51.800 sovereignty

02:36:52.280 so the

02:36:52.740 reason

02:36:53.040 that

02:36:53.280 he was

02:36:54.020 the center

02:36:54.620 around

02:36:55.120 which people

02:36:55.860 organized

02:36:56.360 themselves

02:36:56.740 wasn't

02:36:57.140 because

02:36:57.440 he was

02:36:57.920 when he

02:36:58.780 was being

02:36:59.080 a proper

02:36:59.480 emperor

02:36:59.780 it wasn't

02:37:00.080 because

02:37:00.280 there was

02:37:00.500 something

02:37:00.760 super

02:37:01.180 special

02:37:01.700 about

02:37:02.040 him

02:37:02.440 like

02:37:03.020 the

02:37:03.160 power

02:37:03.400 didn't

02:37:03.660 exactly

02:37:04.040 reside

02:37:04.500 in

02:37:04.700 him

02:37:05.000 which is

02:37:05.760 a really

02:37:06.140 useful

02:37:06.480 thing

02:37:06.740 to

02:37:06.920 separate

02:37:07.320 right

02:37:07.600 you want

02:37:07.960 the

02:37:08.140 power

02:37:08.540 which is

02:37:09.040 why

02:37:09.180 it's

02:37:09.340 kind

02:37:09.520 of

02:37:09.600 nice

02:37:09.800 to have

02:37:10.160 a

02:37:10.540 symbolic

02:37:11.600 monarch

02:37:12.080 you get

02:37:12.900 the

02:37:13.080 symbolic

02:37:13.480 power

02:37:13.960 separated

02:37:14.860 from

02:37:15.140 the

02:37:15.360 personality

02:37:15.900 power

02:37:16.360 right

02:37:16.580 because

02:37:16.740 otherwise

02:37:16.980 they get

02:37:17.360 conflated

02:37:17.960 that's

02:37:18.500 what

02:37:18.600 happened

02:37:18.820 in

02:37:19.000 Rome

02:37:19.300 it's

02:37:19.920 a

02:37:20.020 very

02:37:20.140 and

02:37:20.300 you can

02:37:21.140 see

02:37:21.340 it

02:37:21.500 tending

02:37:21.920 to

02:37:22.120 happen

02:37:22.420 now

02:37:22.680 and

02:37:22.800 then

02:37:22.960 in

02:37:23.080 the

02:37:23.200 US

02:37:23.420 like

02:37:23.780 with

02:37:23.940 the

02:37:24.080 Kennedy

02:37:24.360 dynasties

02:37:25.020 and that

02:37:25.340 sort

02:37:25.540 of

02:37:25.640 thing

02:37:25.840 so

02:37:26.700 the

02:37:27.800 idea

02:37:28.080 was

02:37:28.320 the

02:37:28.460 emperor

02:37:28.760 had

02:37:29.040 sovereignty

02:37:29.520 as long

02:37:29.920 as he

02:37:30.200 was acting

02:37:30.720 out

02:37:30.940 Marduk

02:37:31.380 properly

02:37:31.940 and going

02:37:32.700 out

02:37:33.020 into

02:37:33.480 the

02:37:33.660 chaos

02:37:34.080 and

02:37:34.580 cutting

02:37:34.840 it

02:37:35.020 into

02:37:35.200 pieces

02:37:35.500 and

02:37:35.760 making

02:37:36.140 order

02:37:36.660 that

02:37:37.080 was

02:37:37.240 his

02:37:37.380 job

02:37:37.660 so

02:37:37.780 they

02:37:37.900 used

02:37:38.060 to

02:37:38.180 take

02:37:38.400 him

02:37:38.520 outside

02:37:38.820 the

02:37:39.160 city

02:37:39.840 on

02:37:40.100 the

02:37:40.240 New

02:37:40.420 Year's

02:37:40.800 festival

02:37:41.200 and

02:37:41.700 strip

02:37:42.120 him

02:37:42.280 of

02:37:42.420 all

02:37:42.620 his

02:37:42.920 emperor

02:37:43.580 garments

02:37:44.140 and

02:37:44.460 humiliate

02:37:45.540 him

02:37:45.680 and

02:37:46.080 then

02:37:46.220 force

02:37:46.640 him

02:37:46.860 to

02:37:47.260 confess

02:37:50.160 all

02:37:51.000 the

02:37:51.180 ways

02:37:51.460 that

02:37:51.760 year

02:37:52.020 he

02:37:52.240 hadn't

02:37:52.560 been

02:37:52.720 a

02:37:52.880 good

02:37:53.060 Marduk

02:37:53.540 so

02:37:54.520 he

02:37:54.660 wasn't

02:37:54.880 a

02:37:55.000 good

02:37:55.140 ruler

02:37:55.480 and

02:37:56.380 so

02:37:56.500 that

02:37:56.640 was

02:37:56.760 supposed

02:37:57.000 to

02:37:57.160 clue

02:37:57.400 him

02:37:57.540 in

02:37:57.700 and

02:37:57.820 wake

02:37:58.060 him

02:37:58.220 up

02:37:58.460 right

02:37:58.700 and

02:37:59.300 then

02:37:59.440 they

02:37:59.580 would

02:37:59.760 ritually

02:38:00.300 reenact

02:38:01.800 the

02:38:02.060 battle

02:38:02.480 of

02:38:02.740 Marduk

02:38:03.180 against

02:38:03.800 Tiamat

02:38:05.020 the

02:38:05.200 chaos

02:38:05.540 monster

02:38:05.960 using

02:38:06.380 statues

02:38:07.000 and

02:38:07.820 then

02:38:08.060 if

02:38:08.820 that

02:38:09.000 all

02:38:09.180 went

02:38:09.400 well

02:38:09.660 then

02:38:09.940 the

02:38:10.200 emperor

02:38:10.500 would

02:38:10.700 go

02:38:10.840 back

02:38:14.140 we

02:38:14.280 still

02:38:14.520 have

02:38:14.680 echoes

02:38:15.000 of

02:38:15.180 that

02:38:15.360 in

02:38:15.500 our

02:38:15.620 new

02:38:15.800 year

02:38:15.980 celebration

02:38:16.540 right

02:38:16.720 it's

02:38:16.840 the

02:38:16.980 same

02:38:17.240 idea

02:38:17.600 that's

02:38:17.860 echoed

02:38:18.220 down

02:38:18.400 all

02:38:18.640 those

02:38:18.880 centuries

02:38:20.380 thousands

02:38:20.920 of

02:38:21.180 years

02:38:21.480 so

02:38:22.300 it's

02:38:22.500 such

02:38:22.860 a

02:38:23.080 staggeringly

02:38:23.860 brilliant

02:38:24.380 idea

02:38:24.820 right

02:38:25.060 because

02:38:25.340 so

02:38:25.840 part

02:38:26.120 of

02:38:26.200 the

02:38:26.280 idea

02:38:26.540 is

02:38:26.700 that

02:38:26.880 the

02:38:27.880 thing

02:38:28.160 that's

02:38:28.440 sovereign

02:38:28.800 so

02:38:29.060 that's

02:38:29.320 the

02:38:29.480 pillar

02:38:29.740 at

02:38:30.000 the

02:38:30.160 center

02:38:30.460 that

02:38:30.760 everyone

02:38:31.540 gathers

02:38:32.020 around

02:38:32.380 is

02:38:33.100 at least

02:38:33.960 in

02:38:34.180 part

02:38:34.440 the

02:38:34.660 thing

02:38:34.960 that

02:38:35.180 courageously

02:38:35.700 goes

02:38:35.980 out

02:38:36.180 into

02:38:36.380 the

02:38:36.540 unknown

02:38:36.940 and

02:38:37.500 make

02:38:37.720 something

02:38:38.040 useful

02:38:38.460 out

02:38:38.700 of

02:38:39.100 it

02:38:39.220 for

02:38:39.760 the

02:38:39.960 community

02:38:40.440 so

02:38:41.760 that's

02:38:44.880 very

02:38:45.120 very

02:38:45.360 smart

02:38:45.760 it's

02:38:46.320 very

02:38:46.620 smart

02:38:47.040 so

02:38:48.740 this

02:38:48.940 is

02:38:49.080 another

02:38:49.340 example

02:38:49.860 of

02:38:50.040 a

02:38:50.180 center

02:38:50.460 so

02:38:50.720 this

02:38:50.960 is

02:38:51.360 the

02:38:51.520 flag

02:38:51.840 this

02:38:52.060 is

02:38:52.180 the

02:38:52.300 union

02:38:52.560 jack

02:38:53.000 and

02:38:53.220 so

02:38:53.440 it's

02:38:54.420 made up

02:38:54.720 of

02:38:54.840 a

02:38:54.940 bunch

02:38:55.100 of

02:38:55.260 crosses

02:38:55.700 right

02:38:56.380 and

02:38:56.580 so

02:38:56.760 the

02:38:56.920 first

02:38:57.180 cross

02:38:57.640 the

02:38:58.400 English

02:38:58.700 cross

02:38:59.160 that's

02:38:59.520 the

02:38:59.640 flag

02:38:59.900 of

02:39:00.080 St.

02:39:00.360 George

02:39:00.580 that's

02:39:00.880 the

02:39:00.980 flag

02:39:01.200 of

02:39:01.320 England

02:39:01.560 and

02:39:01.820 what

02:39:02.220 does

02:39:02.360 St.

02:39:02.640 George

02:39:02.880 do

02:39:03.180 slays

02:39:07.500 St.

02:39:08.160 George

02:39:08.480 patron

02:39:08.840 Saint

02:39:09.080 of

02:39:09.220 England

02:39:09.460 goes

02:39:09.760 out

02:39:09.940 and

02:39:10.060 slays

02:39:10.320 the

02:39:10.460 dragon

02:39:10.740 and

02:39:10.940 frees

02:39:11.280 the

02:39:11.460 virgin

02:39:11.780 from

02:39:12.080 the

02:39:12.260 grip

02:39:12.560 of

02:39:12.720 the

02:39:12.860 dragon

02:39:13.220 same

02:39:14.060 idea

02:39:14.460 right

02:39:14.700 so

02:39:14.840 that's

02:39:15.140 the

02:39:15.340 center

02:39:15.680 and

02:39:16.180 then

02:39:16.420 the

02:39:17.260 second

02:39:17.720 cross

02:39:18.540 is

02:39:19.140 called

02:39:19.500 a

02:39:20.400 celtier

02:39:21.040 but

02:39:21.460 it's

02:39:21.640 another

02:39:21.920 crucifix

02:39:22.740 so

02:39:23.400 it's

02:39:23.620 the

02:39:23.760 cross

02:39:24.080 on

02:39:24.260 which

02:39:24.440 St.

02:39:24.740 Andrew

02:39:25.040 was

02:39:25.300 crucified

02:39:26.000 so

02:39:26.920 it's

02:39:27.200 the

02:39:27.340 same

02:39:27.620 idea

02:39:27.940 it's

02:39:28.140 the

02:39:28.320 center

02:39:29.100 is

02:39:29.320 the

02:39:29.520 center

02:39:29.860 of

02:39:30.100 suffering

02:39:30.960 voluntarily

02:39:32.060 undertaken

02:39:32.780 because

02:39:33.060 St.

02:39:33.260 Andrew

02:39:33.560 was

02:39:33.780 a

02:39:33.940 martyr

02:39:34.220 and

02:39:34.740 then

02:39:34.900 St.

02:39:35.300 Patrick

02:39:35.700 is

02:39:35.940 the

02:39:36.160 third

02:39:36.500 cross

02:39:37.020 what

02:39:37.480 did

02:39:37.620 St.

02:39:37.900 Patrick

02:39:38.180 do

02:39:38.400 in

02:39:38.520 Ireland

02:39:38.880 chased

02:39:40.780 out

02:39:41.000 all

02:39:41.160 the

02:39:41.340 snakes

02:39:41.820 right

02:39:42.760 so

02:39:43.000 it's

02:39:43.160 the

02:39:43.340 same

02:39:43.760 thing

02:39:44.360 right

02:39:44.760 and

02:39:45.220 so

02:39:45.400 the

02:39:45.640 flag

02:39:45.940 of

02:39:46.100 Great

02:39:46.340 Britain

02:39:46.660 is

02:39:46.940 the

02:39:47.160 combination

02:39:48.100 of

02:39:48.360 all

02:39:48.640 of

02:39:48.800 these

02:39:49.000 three

02:39:49.260 crosses

02:39:49.700 that

02:39:50.020 defines

02:39:50.520 the

02:39:50.800 center

02:39:51.080 and

02:39:51.520 that's

02:39:51.800 what

02:39:51.920 the

02:39:52.080 flag

02:39:52.380 is

02:39:52.620 so

02:39:53.080 that

02:39:53.300 symbolizes

02:39:53.980 all

02:39:54.360 of

02:39:54.520 that

02:39:54.860 so

02:39:55.880 that's

02:39:57.380 you

02:39:57.740 know

02:39:57.880 completely

02:39:58.300 mind

02:39:58.640 boggling

02:39:59.080 so

02:40:01.040 and

02:40:01.260 there's

02:40:01.520 more

02:40:01.800 about

02:40:02.080 St.

02:40:02.420 Patrick

02:40:02.780 too

02:40:03.080 so

02:40:03.300 he

02:40:03.460 banishes

02:40:03.860 the

02:40:04.120 snakes

02:40:04.380 after

02:40:04.700 a

02:40:04.900 40

02:40:05.140 day

02:40:05.420 fast

02:40:06.020 and

02:40:06.220 so

02:40:06.380 that's

02:40:06.760 an

02:40:07.260 allusion

02:40:07.720 to

02:40:07.940 the

02:40:08.120 40

02:40:08.380 years

02:40:08.800 that

02:40:09.040 Moses

02:40:09.420 spends

02:40:09.860 in

02:40:10.040 the

02:40:10.180 desert

02:40:10.480 and

02:40:10.720 also

02:40:11.180 the

02:40:11.400 40

02:40:11.640 days

02:40:11.940 that

02:40:12.120 Christ

02:40:12.460 fasts

02:40:13.200 in

02:40:13.340 the

02:40:13.460 New

02:40:13.600 Testament

02:40:13.980 and

02:40:14.660 his

02:40:14.820 walking

02:40:15.320 stick

02:40:15.780 when he

02:40:16.080 plants

02:40:16.440 it

02:40:16.580 grows

02:40:16.860 into

02:40:17.100 a

02:40:17.300 tree

02:40:17.700 so

02:40:18.340 that

02:40:18.600 echoes

02:40:19.040 all

02:40:19.360 of

02:40:19.480 the

02:40:19.620 ideas

02:40:20.260 about

02:40:20.540 the

02:40:20.740 center

02:40:20.980 that

02:40:21.200 we

02:40:21.340 just

02:40:21.560 described

02:40:22.040 and

02:40:22.640 he

02:40:22.740 also

02:40:23.000 speaks

02:40:23.580 with

02:40:23.860 the

02:40:24.040 ancient

02:40:24.480 Irish

02:40:25.000 ancestors

02:40:25.760 which

02:40:26.140 if

02:40:26.640 you

02:40:26.800 remember

02:40:27.200 is

02:40:27.440 a

02:40:27.600 characteristic

02:40:28.200 of

02:40:28.620 the

02:40:29.260 shamanic

02:40:29.900 rituals

02:40:30.440 where

02:40:30.860 so

02:40:32.320 in the

02:40:32.700 typical

02:40:33.020 shamanic

02:40:33.560 ritual

02:40:33.900 which

02:40:34.160 seems

02:40:34.440 to be

02:40:35.020 elicited

02:40:36.560 by

02:40:37.480 psychedelic

02:40:38.500 use

02:40:38.880 the

02:40:39.520 shaman

02:40:39.920 dissolve

02:40:40.940 down

02:40:42.140 past

02:40:42.600 their

02:40:42.840 bones

02:40:43.220 and

02:40:43.440 then

02:40:43.560 they

02:40:43.700 go

02:40:43.880 up

02:40:44.100 into

02:40:44.340 heaven

02:40:44.700 and

02:40:45.140 speak

02:40:45.440 with

02:40:45.640 the

02:40:45.780 ancestors

02:40:46.320 and

02:40:46.600 then

02:40:46.760 they

02:40:46.920 are

02:40:47.060 introduced

02:40:47.780 into

02:40:48.180 the

02:40:48.360 heavenly

02:40:48.640 kingdom

02:40:49.120 and

02:40:49.720 then

02:40:49.980 the

02:40:50.400 flesh

02:40:51.400 is put

02:40:51.760 back

02:40:52.060 on

02:40:52.220 their

02:40:52.380 bones

02:40:52.700 and

02:40:52.880 they

02:40:53.300 come

02:40:53.460 back

02:40:53.700 and

02:40:53.840 tell

02:40:53.980 everybody

02:40:54.380 what

02:40:54.600 happened

02:40:55.040 and

02:40:55.580 that's

02:40:55.880 a

02:40:56.140 repeatable

02:40:57.240 experience

02:40:58.160 right

02:40:58.460 the

02:40:58.680 shamanic

02:40:59.520 tradition

02:40:59.860 is

02:41:00.100 unbelievably

02:41:01.020 widespread

02:41:01.840 so

02:41:02.940 all

02:41:03.280 over

02:41:03.640 Europe

02:41:04.620 ancient

02:41:05.160 Europe

02:41:05.460 and Asia

02:41:05.960 and

02:41:06.500 perhaps

02:41:06.880 as far

02:41:07.300 down

02:41:07.560 as

02:41:07.720 South

02:41:07.960 America

02:41:08.400 right

02:41:08.800 it's

02:41:09.020 highly

02:41:09.620 conserved

02:41:10.260 and

02:41:10.800 it's

02:41:10.980 out

02:41:11.160 of

02:41:11.280 that

02:41:11.460 tradition

02:41:11.940 in

02:41:12.580 all

02:41:12.760 likelihood

02:41:13.180 that

02:41:13.500 our

02:41:13.660 religious

02:41:14.040 ideation

02:41:14.620 emerged

02:41:15.200 so

02:41:16.240 and

02:41:16.460 you

02:41:16.560 can

02:41:16.680 see

02:41:16.860 echoes

02:41:17.220 of

02:41:17.420 that

02:41:17.640 here

02:41:17.980 so

02:41:19.280 so

02:41:19.340 back

02:41:22.560 to the story

02:41:23.240 of Jacob

02:41:23.760 and his

02:41:24.400 ladder

02:41:24.740 so that I can come again to my father's house in peace

02:41:27.720 then shall the Lord be my God

02:41:29.440 and this stone which I have set for a pillar shall be God's house

02:41:32.060 and of all that that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee

02:41:35.900 so

02:41:36.640 that's

02:41:37.760 that's also an echo

02:41:38.840 I would say

02:41:39.480 of the

02:41:40.060 obligation

02:41:41.120 of

02:41:41.700 those who climb the power hierarchy

02:41:44.340 to attend to those who are at the bottom

02:41:46.800 right

02:41:47.580 because

02:41:47.920 if you think about the tithing as a form of

02:41:50.480 wealth distribution

02:41:51.740 which is essentially what it is

02:41:53.360 the

02:41:54.480 part of the ethic that defines

02:41:56.300 the proper moral endeavor

02:41:58.120 that's related to that center

02:42:00.080 is

02:42:00.880 not to

02:42:02.320 advance yourself

02:42:03.980 at the expense of the entire community

02:42:05.920 so if you're

02:42:06.800 if you're

02:42:08.060 fortunate enough

02:42:09.080 so that you can rise

02:42:10.600 in

02:42:10.940 in

02:42:11.380 authority

02:42:12.220 and power

02:42:12.740 and competence

02:42:13.380 within the confines of a community

02:42:15.100 you still have a

02:42:16.380 obligation to

02:42:17.740 maintain the structure

02:42:19.840 maintain and further

02:42:20.860 the structure of the community

02:42:22.060 within which you rose

02:42:23.300 and that's obvious

02:42:24.620 right

02:42:24.920 because

02:42:25.200 if people didn't do that

02:42:26.600 after a couple of generations

02:42:27.720 the whole thing would fall apart

02:42:29.040 so

02:42:29.780 you know

02:42:30.060 you

02:42:30.360 you

02:42:30.940 you

02:42:31.600 it's

02:42:32.200 it's not reasonable to destroy the game that you're winning

02:42:35.860 it's reasonable to strengthen the game that you're winning

02:42:38.980 and so

02:42:40.020 that's another thing

02:42:41.700 because that also describes the ethic that should allow you to be

02:42:44.820 an active member of the community around which that

02:42:47.880 that gathers around that center

02:42:51.080 so

02:42:51.760 so

02:42:52.140 so

02:42:53.020 one of the things i've learned about the hero mythology that i really really like is

02:42:57.000 so

02:42:57.720 you see this pretty clearly in the figure of christ but

02:43:00.460 because

02:43:01.380 two things

02:43:02.360 are conjoined in in that story

02:43:04.300 but christ is also

02:43:06.280 the hero

02:43:07.220 there's two kinds of heroes

02:43:08.380 say there's the hero that goes out into chaos

02:43:10.220 and confronts the dragon of chaos

02:43:12.360 and

02:43:13.020 gathers the

02:43:14.020 the treasure as a consequence

02:43:15.780 and then shares it with the community

02:43:17.200 that's

02:43:18.000 that's

02:43:18.440 that's one

02:43:18.880 the other form of hero is the hero who stands up against the corrupt state

02:43:22.860 and

02:43:23.720 rattles the foundation of the state

02:43:26.140 has it collapse and then reconstructs it

02:43:28.800 right

02:43:29.020 so

02:43:29.240 because the two great dangers to human beings are

02:43:31.900 un

02:43:32.820 protected exposure to the catastrophes of the natural world

02:43:36.680 and subjugation to tyranny

02:43:38.460 right

02:43:39.100 those are the two major dangers

02:43:40.800 and so

02:43:41.280 a hero is

02:43:42.620 their ultimate hero is the person who

02:43:44.900 reconstructs the structure of the state

02:43:48.060 by using the information that he gathered by going out into the unknown

02:43:51.880 that unites them both

02:43:53.400 and so what that means

02:43:54.780 here's the

02:43:56.580 here's the rub

02:43:57.460 as far as i can tell

02:43:59.620 so a structure

02:44:00.900 a center

02:44:01.700 has two

02:44:03.020 risks

02:44:04.160 associated with it

02:44:05.360 one is that it will degenerate into chaos

02:44:07.880 and the other is it will rigidify into tyranny

02:44:10.860 and

02:44:11.620 it'll degenerate into chaos

02:44:14.060 even if it just stays doing what it's doing

02:44:17.960 so if it just does exactly what it's doing

02:44:20.180 and it doesn't change

02:44:21.300 it will degenerate

02:44:22.520 because

02:44:23.180 things change

02:44:24.460 and if it doesn't change to keep up

02:44:26.660 then it gets farther and farther away from the environment

02:44:29.640 and it'll precipitously collapse

02:44:31.500 and so and then if it just changes willy-nilly

02:44:34.720 so that nobody can establish a

02:44:37.360 a stable centralizing aim

02:44:39.600 then it degenerates into chaos immediately

02:44:41.840 and no one can get along

02:44:43.440 so

02:44:44.540 there's a rule for being longing to the community

02:44:47.600 and the rule has to be

02:44:49.280 that you have to act in a manner that

02:44:51.720 sustains and

02:44:53.700 that sustains the community and increases its competence

02:44:57.100 that's the fundamental

02:44:58.500 moral obligation for belonging

02:45:00.820 and well and obviously so right

02:45:03.060 because

02:45:03.360 why would you belong to a

02:45:05.100 why would you walk into a clubhouse that was on fire

02:45:07.940 like that's just not smart right

02:45:10.120 if you're going to be part of the game

02:45:12.080 if you've decided that being part of the game is worthwhile

02:45:15.340 you've also taken on the

02:45:17.520 moral

02:45:18.380 you've also decided

02:45:20.600 even if you didn't notice it

02:45:22.000 that you have to work to support that game

02:45:24.420 because by deciding to play that game

02:45:26.480 you've said that it's valuable

02:45:28.160 and if it's valuable

02:45:29.720 then obviously you should work to

02:45:31.280 sustain and expand it

02:45:33.500 because that's the definition of having a relationship with something that's valuable

02:45:37.060 and so

02:45:38.300 that's the criteria for membership

02:45:41.640 in the community

02:45:43.260 and that's partly why

02:45:44.680 if you regard

02:45:45.880 the cross

02:45:47.140 say

02:45:47.560 as the symbol of voluntary suffering

02:45:50.020 you know

02:45:50.740 suffering accepted voluntarily

02:45:52.320 something like that

02:45:53.400 which means that

02:45:55.100 there's another element of that too

02:45:56.880 that's worth thinking about

02:45:57.900 so you know

02:45:59.160 the reason that Cain gets so out of hand

02:46:01.240 is because he's suffering

02:46:02.460 and he won't accept it

02:46:04.360 he certainly won't accept responsibility for it

02:46:06.400 he's angry and bitter about it

02:46:08.280 and no wonder right

02:46:09.700 I mean

02:46:10.000 we have to be realistic about these sorts of things

02:46:12.240 you guys

02:46:13.380 all of you people

02:46:14.180 are going to suffer at some point in your life

02:46:16.120 to the point where

02:46:17.720 you're angry and bitter about it

02:46:19.320 I mean

02:46:19.580 there's just absolutely no doubt about that

02:46:21.640 and you're even going to think

02:46:22.920 well it's no bloody wonder

02:46:24.220 that I'm angry and bitter about it

02:46:26.140 everyone would be

02:46:27.300 and things are so god awful

02:46:29.280 that there's no excuse for them to even exist

02:46:32.000 and like

02:46:33.260 that's a powerful argument

02:46:35.220 although

02:46:35.600 I think it's ultimately self-defeating

02:46:38.520 well that's kind of what the story of Cain and Abel

02:46:40.680 that's kind of what the story of Cain and Abel

02:46:44.320 what would you say

02:46:45.580 that's the moral of the story of Cain and Abel essentially

02:46:48.640 so what that means instead

02:46:52.820 is that even under those conditions of relatively intense suffering

02:46:56.080 you have to accept it voluntarily

02:46:57.900 because otherwise it turns you against being

02:47:00.280 and then you start to act in this terrible manner

02:47:03.520 that makes everything worse

02:47:05.360 and it seems to me that there's a contradiction in that

02:47:08.040 if the reason you're complaining is that things are bad

02:47:10.960 then it isn't reasonable for you to act in a manner that makes them worse

02:47:15.480 right

02:47:16.440 I mean even if

02:47:17.600 it's no wonder that people do that

02:47:19.520 but it's a degenerating game

02:47:21.260 and so that's

02:47:22.700 so the idea

02:47:25.500 part of the idea of the cross

02:47:27.520 and the suffering that it represents

02:47:29.440 is that if you can accept that voluntarily

02:47:32.580 regardless of its intensity

02:47:34.960 then you won't become

02:47:37.140 embittered

02:47:38.300 and resentful

02:47:39.500 and vengeful

02:47:40.660 to the point

02:47:41.340 where you pose a danger

02:47:42.920 to the stability of the community

02:47:44.600 so or to your own stability

02:47:47.380 for that matter

02:47:48.120 because it's

02:47:48.600 you know

02:47:49.000 it might be your own stability

02:47:50.300 the stability of your family

02:47:51.520 the stability of the community

02:47:52.700 and the stability of the world

02:47:53.920 it might be all of that

02:47:55.440 and increasingly

02:47:56.780 I think it is all of that

02:47:58.200 so

02:47:59.080 okay

02:48:02.020 so

02:48:02.460 now Jacob

02:48:06.560 we get the second part of Jacob's story

02:48:08.280 he goes to meet his uncle

02:48:14.080 Laban

02:48:14.920 and

02:48:16.320 he meets Rachel there

02:48:17.980 again by a well

02:48:18.880 he falls in love

02:48:20.540 and goes to live with Laban

02:48:22.400 there are two daughters there

02:48:24.160 Leah

02:48:25.020 as well as Rachel

02:48:26.600 Leah

02:48:27.960 is not a particularly attractive person

02:48:30.640 it isn't exactly clear why

02:48:32.540 but the story makes it quite clear

02:48:34.200 she's definitely the least desirable

02:48:35.980 of the two daughters

02:48:38.000 and

02:48:38.240 the story makes reference to her eyes

02:48:40.740 and it isn't clear

02:48:41.480 if there's something wrong with her physiologically

02:48:43.340 or if there's something wrong with

02:48:44.660 her attitude

02:48:45.620 it's not obvious

02:48:46.640 but it doesn't really matter

02:48:47.500 the point is

02:48:48.600 she's the older daughter

02:48:50.000 but she's the less desirable one

02:48:51.700 Jacob stays a month

02:48:54.240 which is the limit of hospitality

02:48:56.780 in that time

02:48:58.720 if you stayed for a month

02:49:00.080 you were welcome

02:49:00.940 but you had to work for your keep

02:49:02.340 I think after about three days

02:49:03.840 something like that

02:49:04.560 which seems rather reasonable

02:49:05.780 and so

02:49:07.020 he stays a month

02:49:08.380 and then

02:49:09.540 he has a chat with Laban

02:49:11.380 and he says

02:49:11.980 he's fallen in love with Rachel

02:49:13.880 by this time

02:49:14.500 and he says

02:49:15.100 I'll stay with you

02:49:18.020 and work for seven years

02:49:19.160 and then

02:49:19.680 I'll wed Rachel

02:49:21.900 and Laban says

02:49:23.360 that's a fine deal

02:49:24.200 and then

02:49:25.180 the seven years passes

02:49:28.280 and there's a wedding ceremony

02:49:29.840 it's quite a long thing

02:49:30.860 and the bride is veiled

02:49:32.320 and

02:49:32.580 the bride goes into the tent

02:49:38.580 with Jacob

02:49:40.160 and if I remember the story correctly

02:49:42.420 I haven't looked at it for a month or so

02:49:44.440 Rachel

02:49:46.620 is outside the tent

02:49:49.100 speaking

02:49:50.320 but Leah is inside the tent

02:49:52.460 and so

02:49:53.500 Jacob thinks he's getting married to

02:49:55.600 Rachel

02:49:56.500 but he's actually getting married to Leah

02:49:58.180 and this is

02:49:59.720 it's an inversion

02:50:00.860 because

02:50:01.300 he's in the dark

02:50:02.860 like Isaac was

02:50:03.740 when he fooled Isaac

02:50:04.740 so now it's Jacob's turn

02:50:06.600 to be in the dark

02:50:07.340 and he gets betrayed

02:50:08.920 by his uncle

02:50:10.220 and his bride-to-be

02:50:11.900 Rachel

02:50:12.320 and her sister

02:50:13.660 in a manner

02:50:14.780 that's broadly parallel

02:50:16.440 to the trick

02:50:17.100 that he pulled on

02:50:18.040 Esau

02:50:19.040 and so there's a karma

02:50:20.080 notion there

02:50:21.600 which I like

02:50:23.080 you know

02:50:23.620 I mean you might think of karma

02:50:24.840 as a

02:50:25.820 superstitious idea

02:50:28.320 but

02:50:29.180 and there are ways of interpreting it

02:50:32.800 that might make it the case

02:50:33.900 but

02:50:34.100 I don't think that's what it is

02:50:35.900 it's that

02:50:36.400 no bad deed goes unpunished

02:50:39.320 it's something like that

02:50:40.420 it's like

02:50:40.900 you know maybe you've done something bad

02:50:46.440 to someone

02:50:46.980 and therefore

02:50:47.640 there's part of you

02:50:48.940 that feels quite guilty about that

02:50:50.540 hopefully

02:50:51.380 and

02:50:52.300 that part

02:50:54.120 is looking for punishment

02:50:56.120 to set the

02:50:57.160 stage right

02:50:58.640 and you might think

02:51:00.040 well no

02:51:00.520 but

02:51:00.920 things are

02:51:02.800 yes

02:51:03.780 unless you're a psychopath

02:51:04.740 that's how things work

02:51:06.000 if you're interested in that kind of thing

02:51:07.900 you should read Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment

02:51:09.840 because it's the definitive study

02:51:11.580 of that sort of phenomena

02:51:12.740 right

02:51:13.460 because in that book

02:51:14.240 the main protagonist

02:51:15.680 Raskolnikov

02:51:16.420 gets away with murder

02:51:17.740 like he does it successfully

02:51:19.500 no one suspects him

02:51:21.280 and he drives himself so crazy with guilt

02:51:23.920 that he

02:51:24.340 basically

02:51:25.420 falls into the hands of the police

02:51:27.980 he drives himself

02:51:29.240 into the hands of the police

02:51:30.800 because he can't tolerate what he did

02:51:32.600 it's very

02:51:33.480 it's amazing

02:51:34.120 it's an amazing book

02:51:35.000 but anyways

02:51:35.860 the point is here

02:51:36.740 Jacob falls prey to the same sort of

02:51:40.980 crookedness

02:51:42.380 that he

02:51:43.140 used to ratchet himself up the ladder

02:51:45.880 and

02:51:46.800 that happens far more often in life

02:51:49.400 than people think

02:51:50.260 and it's really not like he can complain about it

02:51:52.540 right

02:51:52.780 not if he has any sense

02:51:54.340 it's like he does

02:51:55.180 he

02:51:55.360 brings Leah

02:51:56.360 out to see

02:51:57.920 Laban

02:51:58.400 and he says

02:51:59.020 what's

02:52:00.520 what's with this sister

02:52:02.580 you know

02:52:03.520 and Laban basically says to him

02:52:05.580 in our culture

02:52:08.260 it's the

02:52:09.340 custom to marry

02:52:10.920 the eldest daughter first

02:52:12.740 which is

02:52:13.220 exactly right

02:52:14.200 and he said well

02:52:14.820 it would bring

02:52:15.400 you know

02:52:16.020 he's rationalizing obviously

02:52:17.400 because he's just screwed over

02:52:19.100 Jacob in a major way

02:52:20.760 but

02:52:21.420 it's a little late

02:52:22.600 to take it back

02:52:24.340 the marriage

02:52:25.660 has been consummated

02:52:26.920 and the ceremony

02:52:27.640 has been complete

02:52:28.600 and all hell would break out

02:52:30.620 if there was any

02:52:31.280 attempt to

02:52:32.480 sever the relationship

02:52:34.600 so

02:52:35.080 that's how it is

02:52:37.240 so Leah's married

02:52:38.700 and Jacob has

02:52:40.480 the wrong wife

02:52:41.800 so then

02:52:43.220 so this is Jacob there

02:52:45.060 you see on the left

02:52:46.620 he's got the little flowery hat

02:52:48.120 and he's pointing to Leah

02:52:49.500 and he's saying

02:52:50.800 like what

02:52:51.500 what's up here

02:52:52.780 and

02:52:53.820 and Laban

02:52:58.900 you know

02:52:59.420 Laban is

02:53:00.060 tough old goat

02:53:01.300 and

02:53:01.580 he's not really

02:53:02.680 all that sad

02:53:03.400 about it

02:53:03.720 in fact

02:53:04.000 you can imagine

02:53:04.580 that he's kind of

02:53:05.140 going

02:53:05.280 so

02:53:06.900 so okay

02:53:09.300 then he has to work

02:53:10.060 another seven years

02:53:11.080 and he gains

02:53:14.720 Rachel

02:53:15.140 but

02:53:15.620 because God

02:53:17.020 is a tricky

02:53:17.560 character

02:53:18.220 there's another

02:53:20.200 twist in this story

02:53:21.200 Rachel

02:53:22.700 turns out

02:53:24.200 not to be very good

02:53:25.160 at having children

02:53:26.260 or Rachel and Jacob

02:53:27.860 turn out not to be very good

02:53:29.160 at having children

02:53:29.800 but Leah

02:53:30.720 she's really good

02:53:32.700 at having kids

02:53:33.440 so

02:53:34.840 she provides

02:53:37.300 Jacob with

02:53:38.660 Reuben

02:53:39.060 Simeon

02:53:39.660 Levi

02:53:40.140 or it's Levi I believe

02:53:41.660 and Judah

02:53:42.600 and the names of those

02:53:44.560 the meanings of those

02:53:45.560 names are there

02:53:46.160 Reuben means

02:53:47.020 see a son

02:53:47.760 Simeon means hearing

02:53:49.140 I think that was

02:53:50.360 the Lord heard my prayer

02:53:51.580 I think that's what that was

02:53:52.760 Levi means joined

02:53:54.480 Judah means praise to Yahweh

02:53:56.100 and it's Judah

02:53:59.160 from whose tribe

02:54:00.080 Christ arises

02:54:01.000 Judah is essentially

02:54:02.340 promoted to the status

02:54:03.720 of firstborn

02:54:04.520 later in the story

02:54:05.540 this is important

02:54:06.520 because Reuben

02:54:07.720 Simeon

02:54:08.180 and Levi

02:54:08.680 all

02:54:09.700 do something

02:54:11.400 reprehensible

02:54:12.140 and so Judah

02:54:13.280 gets

02:54:14.080 gets

02:54:15.200 promoted to firstborn

02:54:17.180 and that's partly why

02:54:18.640 in the

02:54:19.820 logic of this narrative

02:54:21.140 that

02:54:21.420 it's from the tribe

02:54:22.760 of Judah

02:54:23.360 that Christ arises

02:54:24.400 so

02:54:25.480 so

02:54:27.740 now while this is going on

02:54:29.720 Rachel is like

02:54:30.660 suicidally desperate

02:54:31.760 for children

02:54:32.340 she's jealous of her

02:54:33.400 older sister

02:54:34.180 who's rather ill-favored

02:54:35.600 as we pointed out

02:54:36.440 but who seems to be

02:54:37.720 damn good at producing

02:54:38.820 sons

02:54:39.280 and

02:54:40.200 she's

02:54:41.240 really not happy

02:54:42.520 with Jacob

02:54:43.100 and so she chews him out

02:54:44.500 and Jacob basically says

02:54:46.040 like what do you want me

02:54:46.780 to do about it

02:54:47.320 I'm not God

02:54:48.100 which is a

02:54:48.940 reasonable response

02:54:50.240 I would say

02:54:50.760 and

02:54:51.520 so

02:54:52.360 in her desperation

02:54:53.860 she gives

02:54:54.540 Jacob

02:54:55.060 Bila

02:54:55.440 who's her

02:54:56.460 maidservant

02:54:57.360 we've seen that sort of thing

02:54:58.600 happen before

02:54:59.340 and

02:55:01.000 two

02:55:02.980 Bila

02:55:03.620 produces two children

02:55:04.780 Dan and Naphtali

02:55:06.160 the reason I'm detailing out

02:55:08.540 all these sons

02:55:09.280 it's important because

02:55:10.520 Jacob is the founder of Israel

02:55:12.540 and

02:55:13.740 his sons are the founder

02:55:15.180 of the twelve tribes

02:55:16.340 so

02:55:17.220 it's a pivotal moment

02:55:18.780 in the story

02:55:19.540 right

02:55:19.940 it's because he's the

02:55:21.000 he's the fundamental

02:55:22.620 patriarch of

02:55:23.660 of those who wrestle

02:55:25.260 with God

02:55:25.900 because

02:55:26.300 as we'll see

02:55:27.160 that's what the name Israel

02:55:28.320 means

02:55:28.680 he gets the name Israel

02:55:29.900 you'll see why

02:55:31.080 in a while

02:55:31.600 but

02:55:32.220 but it's

02:55:33.440 you need to know

02:55:34.400 these genealogies

02:55:35.280 in this situation

02:55:36.080 because

02:55:36.520 they play an important role

02:55:38.660 in everything

02:55:39.360 that happens afterwards

02:55:40.360 so

02:55:41.620 Naphtali

02:55:44.940 is the second

02:55:45.740 and her name

02:55:47.940 or his name means

02:55:48.860 with great wrestlings

02:55:50.020 I have wrestled

02:55:50.620 with my sister

02:55:51.360 right

02:55:51.880 contended with her

02:55:52.920 and have prevailed

02:55:54.060 so

02:55:55.240 that gives you

02:55:57.140 some indication

02:55:57.780 of the tension

02:55:58.440 in the household

02:55:59.160 now

02:56:00.680 Leah is now

02:56:01.700 past bearing children

02:56:02.760 she gives

02:56:03.240 Jacob her

02:56:04.320 maidservant too

02:56:06.500 Zilpah

02:56:07.040 to keep up

02:56:07.760 with her sister

02:56:08.420 I guess

02:56:09.380 and

02:56:10.280 now

02:56:11.540 Zilpah

02:56:13.260 bears two children

02:56:14.880 for Jacob

02:56:15.620 so he's piling up

02:56:16.780 the kids

02:56:17.240 left right and center

02:56:18.580 here

02:56:18.880 one of them

02:56:20.800 is named Gad

02:56:21.560 good fortune

02:56:22.220 and the other

02:56:22.680 is named Asher

02:56:23.680 happy or blessed

02:56:24.720 so

02:56:25.760 there's more rivalry

02:56:28.260 going on

02:56:28.820 between the sisters

02:56:29.560 this is quite a

02:56:30.400 interesting little story

02:56:31.720 so Reuben

02:56:32.620 who's Leah's daughter

02:56:34.580 goes out

02:56:36.660 and looks for

02:56:37.140 mandrakes

02:56:37.860 now mandrakes

02:56:39.140 have aphrodisiac

02:56:40.160 property

02:56:40.580 so that's a little

02:56:41.380 odd to begin with

02:56:42.500 but

02:56:43.000 it doesn't matter

02:56:44.140 that's what happens

02:56:45.020 and

02:56:45.480 Rachel

02:56:46.580 is

02:56:47.980 Rachel wants

02:56:50.480 the mandrakes

02:56:51.120 because she's still

02:56:51.980 interested in having

02:56:52.840 some children

02:56:53.380 and so she bargains

02:56:54.440 with Leah

02:56:55.780 to give her a night

02:56:56.680 with Jacob

02:56:57.240 in exchange

02:56:58.120 for the mandrakes

02:56:59.000 and

02:56:59.820 more sons

02:57:01.360 emerge

02:57:02.520 as a consequence

02:57:03.160 of that

02:57:03.720 so

02:57:04.740 and Rachel

02:57:07.080 finally gives birth

02:57:08.140 Joseph

02:57:09.780 and Joseph

02:57:11.600 plays a key role

02:57:12.760 in the last

02:57:13.620 story in Genesis

02:57:14.940 which

02:57:15.340 I hope we'll get to

02:57:17.060 in the next lecture

02:57:18.020 and then we can close off

02:57:19.220 Genesis

02:57:19.980 that's the plan

02:57:20.920 anyways

02:57:21.360 so

02:57:22.620 now

02:57:23.120 Jacob

02:57:24.280 isn't really very happy

02:57:26.020 about the whole

02:57:26.680 arrangement

02:57:27.160 because he

02:57:27.740 he's been there

02:57:28.700 14 years

02:57:29.440 and he's got two wives

02:57:30.560 it's not too bad

02:57:31.320 but

02:57:31.500 you know

02:57:32.200 he got

02:57:32.640 the bargain

02:57:33.680 wasn't exactly

02:57:34.600 clean

02:57:35.080 he doesn't really

02:57:35.980 trust Laban

02:57:36.720 and there's no

02:57:37.580 reason for him

02:57:38.640 to do so

02:57:39.380 Laban was poor

02:57:42.240 before Jacob

02:57:42.960 came

02:57:43.320 Jacob turns out

02:57:44.120 to be a very

02:57:44.680 useful

02:57:45.180 person to have

02:57:47.180 around

02:57:47.540 and so

02:57:48.580 he tells Laban

02:57:49.700 he wants to leave

02:57:50.380 and go back

02:57:50.820 to his home country

02:57:51.620 and that he'll take

02:57:53.380 the speckled

02:57:54.100 and spotted cattle

02:57:55.160 the brown sheep

02:57:56.020 and the spotted

02:57:57.020 and speckled goats

02:57:58.080 from the flock

02:57:58.780 and they're in the

02:57:59.620 minority

02:58:00.060 so that's the idea

02:58:01.200 and so Laban

02:58:02.340 or Laban

02:58:03.640 takes all those

02:58:04.920 animals out of his

02:58:05.680 flock

02:58:05.980 so there was an idea

02:58:07.500 that the speckled goats

02:58:08.900 and the brown sheep

02:58:09.920 would breed true

02:58:11.320 so

02:58:12.060 if you have a

02:58:13.760 male goat

02:58:15.140 and a female goat

02:58:16.300 and they're both speckled

02:58:17.380 they'll have speckled kids

02:58:18.460 that's the theory

02:58:19.240 and the same with

02:58:20.400 brown sheep

02:58:21.000 and so what Laban does

02:58:22.080 is he takes all

02:58:22.900 the speckled

02:58:23.660 animals

02:58:24.640 out of the flocks

02:58:26.140 gives them to his son

02:58:27.540 and they go

02:58:28.340 three days away

02:58:29.080 with them

02:58:29.400 so that Jacob

02:58:30.140 is left with

02:58:30.860 the flock

02:58:31.480 but with no

02:58:32.560 with none of these animals

02:58:34.260 now the idea was

02:58:35.260 that all the

02:58:35.700 newborns were going

02:58:36.800 to be his

02:58:37.380 and so what Laban

02:58:38.500 has basically done

02:58:39.300 is set it up

02:58:39.900 so that in principle

02:58:40.820 Jacob is going

02:58:43.280 to get nothing

02:58:43.740 for his work

02:58:44.440 so that's another

02:58:46.020 time when Jacob

02:58:47.060 experiences

02:58:48.300 betrayal

02:58:49.560 you know

02:58:50.620 it's almost as if

02:58:51.420 God isn't done

02:58:52.300 with reminding him

02:58:53.640 of the magnitude

02:58:55.060 of what he did

02:58:55.780 in the past

02:58:56.380 that's the

02:58:57.220 moral of the story

02:58:58.740 in some sense

02:58:59.400 now there's a weird

02:59:00.780 little twist

02:59:01.380 in the story here

02:59:02.120 so what Jacob does

02:59:03.060 is some sympathetic magic

02:59:04.740 and so when the animals

02:59:06.680 are rutting

02:59:07.620 he puts speckled objects

02:59:09.760 in front of them

02:59:10.500 speckled branches

02:59:11.360 and so forth

02:59:12.100 I guess to remind them

02:59:13.400 about what they're

02:59:14.040 supposed to be producing

02:59:15.080 something like that

02:59:16.440 and it works

02:59:17.420 and so all these

02:59:18.340 animals that Laban

02:59:19.680 left are

02:59:20.420 are producing

02:59:22.140 spotted animals

02:59:23.180 like mad

02:59:23.940 and so that's

02:59:25.240 I guess God's

02:59:26.280 changed his mind

02:59:27.160 and let Jacob

02:59:28.980 off the hook

02:59:29.560 slightly here

02:59:30.260 so

02:59:31.280 soon he was

02:59:32.860 very wealthy

02:59:33.600 much cattle

02:59:35.280 maidservants

02:59:35.940 menservants

02:59:36.560 camels and asses

02:59:37.760 Laban's son

02:59:38.640 sons become jealous

02:59:40.320 and Laban is outraged

02:59:41.580 well you know

02:59:42.260 obviously there's

02:59:42.940 some competition

02:59:43.660 there between Jacob

02:59:44.560 and the sons

02:59:45.080 which is hardly surprising

02:59:46.220 and Laban played

02:59:47.340 this trick to

02:59:48.040 strip Jacob

02:59:49.100 of all his property

02:59:49.900 and instead

02:59:50.720 he got far more

02:59:51.720 than he was going

02:59:52.280 to get to begin with

02:59:53.080 so you can imagine

02:59:53.840 that's been a bit

02:59:54.580 annoying

02:59:55.140 so Jacob thinks

02:59:56.360 he better get out of there

02:59:57.360 so he tells Rachel

02:59:58.920 and Leah

02:59:59.340 and said unto them

03:00:01.180 I see your father's

03:00:02.040 countenance

03:00:02.540 that it's not toward me

03:00:04.020 as before

03:00:04.580 but the God of my father

03:00:06.500 has been with me

03:00:07.320 and you know

03:00:07.920 with all my power

03:00:08.740 I've served your father

03:00:09.740 and your father

03:00:10.560 has deceived me

03:00:11.340 and changed my wages

03:00:12.340 ten times

03:00:13.080 but God so far

03:00:14.480 has suffered him

03:00:15.180 not to hurt me

03:00:16.000 if he said thus

03:00:17.740 the speckled

03:00:18.760 shall be thy wages

03:00:19.740 then all the cattle

03:00:20.960 bore speckled

03:00:21.860 and if he said thus

03:00:23.080 the ring straked

03:00:24.020 shall be thy hire

03:00:25.040 then all the cattle

03:00:26.160 bore ring straked

03:00:27.100 thus God has taken away

03:00:28.600 the cattle of your father

03:00:29.740 and given them to me

03:00:31.000 and they decide to

03:00:32.840 sneak away

03:00:33.640 and they're unhappy

03:00:35.220 with the inheritance

03:00:36.180 lack of inheritance

03:00:37.180 from Laban

03:00:37.720 so as they sneak away

03:00:39.000 Rachel steals the idols

03:00:41.000 that her father

03:00:41.880 has in his house

03:00:43.300 and it's not exactly

03:00:44.600 obvious why

03:00:45.520 there's a lot of contention

03:00:47.040 about why she's doing that

03:00:48.320 some of them is

03:00:48.900 to punish him

03:00:50.020 to bring with her

03:00:51.840 the images of her ancestors

03:00:53.220 you know

03:00:53.600 maybe she's lonesome

03:00:54.540 moving away from home

03:00:55.560 just out of spite

03:00:56.920 to show him

03:00:57.840 that the idols

03:00:58.460 were actually powerless

03:00:59.720 for protection

03:01:01.120 to stop her father

03:01:02.580 from divining the route

03:01:03.880 of their escape

03:01:04.600 that last one

03:01:05.320 is the strangest one

03:01:06.320 because the idea

03:01:07.460 would be that

03:01:08.140 Laban would have used

03:01:09.220 some sort of

03:01:11.100 ritual with the idols

03:01:12.980 that would help him

03:01:13.960 infer their escape route

03:01:15.380 and then could chase them

03:01:16.440 so anyways

03:01:17.000 that's the range

03:01:17.800 of speculation

03:01:18.420 about that

03:01:19.240 I think it sounds

03:01:20.420 to me mostly

03:01:21.100 like a little act

03:01:22.600 of revenge

03:01:23.300 maybe with a bit

03:01:24.920 of loneliness

03:01:27.180 mixed in

03:01:28.000 Laban pursues them

03:01:29.720 but God comes in

03:01:31.660 a dream to tell him

03:01:32.460 to leave Jacob unharmed

03:01:33.740 Laban catches up

03:01:35.780 with him

03:01:36.020 and reproaches Jacob

03:01:37.080 saying that he would have

03:01:38.000 thrown a great party

03:01:39.480 if he would have known

03:01:40.800 that they were going

03:01:41.560 to leave

03:01:42.140 you know

03:01:42.700 he didn't want them

03:01:43.360 to sneak away

03:01:43.980 in the night

03:01:44.380 you can't tell

03:01:45.740 from the story

03:01:46.380 whether that's true

03:01:47.160 or not

03:01:47.500 and you know

03:01:48.180 these people

03:01:48.700 were pretty

03:01:49.460 rough and impulsive

03:01:51.220 I would say

03:01:51.980 and maybe there was

03:01:52.920 a 50% chance

03:01:54.100 of a slaughter

03:01:54.660 and a 50% chance

03:01:55.900 of a party

03:01:56.480 who knows

03:01:57.420 I've been to parties

03:01:58.420 like that actually

03:01:59.340 so

03:02:00.360 Laban complains

03:02:03.360 that his gods

03:02:04.000 are gone

03:02:04.480 and Jacob says

03:02:05.580 that whoever has them

03:02:06.640 he will have them

03:02:07.380 killed

03:02:07.820 and Rachel

03:02:09.040 who's really

03:02:09.620 quite a sneaky character

03:02:11.300 all things considered

03:02:12.480 basically claims

03:02:14.380 that she's having

03:02:15.700 her period

03:02:16.400 and she's sitting

03:02:17.160 on the carpet

03:02:18.960 with all the idols

03:02:20.580 underneath

03:02:20.960 and she can't move

03:02:22.060 and so they search

03:02:22.920 everywhere

03:02:23.220 and can't find them

03:02:24.020 and she's like

03:02:24.940 laughing away

03:02:25.640 behind her hand

03:02:26.820 about that sneaky

03:02:27.920 little maneuver

03:02:28.560 but she doesn't die

03:02:30.860 so that's probably

03:02:31.720 a good thing

03:02:32.380 so Laban

03:02:35.280 checks everything out

03:02:36.940 checks the camp out

03:02:37.740 and he can't find anything

03:02:38.760 so they reconcile

03:02:40.120 and so that's the first

03:02:41.400 reconciliation

03:02:42.240 that Jacob engages in

03:02:45.120 it's sort of like

03:02:45.960 the

03:02:47.480 what would you say

03:02:52.720 the karmic debt

03:02:53.640 has been paid

03:02:54.420 that's one way

03:02:55.180 of thinking about it

03:02:56.140 that's

03:02:56.800 so

03:02:57.220 he got punished

03:02:58.600 for his wrongdoing

03:02:59.620 he's learned his lesson

03:03:01.800 perhaps

03:03:02.520 and it's

03:03:04.720 it's

03:03:05.180 that's good enough

03:03:06.760 as far as he's concerned

03:03:07.820 you know

03:03:08.160 he got away

03:03:08.980 good enough

03:03:09.660 and they make peace

03:03:10.540 so

03:03:11.500 then the next thing

03:03:15.680 that happens

03:03:16.260 as they're traveling

03:03:17.800 is that

03:03:18.240 Jacob was left alone

03:03:19.440 and there

03:03:20.020 wrestled a man

03:03:21.080 man

03:03:22.660 angel

03:03:23.400 god

03:03:23.980 it's not clear

03:03:25.080 we'll go with angel

03:03:29.220 with him

03:03:29.980 until the breaking

03:03:30.620 of the day

03:03:31.120 or god

03:03:31.720 and when he saw

03:03:32.620 that he prevailed

03:03:33.460 not against him

03:03:34.240 he touched the hollow

03:03:35.060 of his thigh

03:03:35.740 and the hollow

03:03:36.280 of Jacob's thigh

03:03:37.060 was out of joint

03:03:37.840 as he wrestled with him

03:03:38.800 and he said

03:03:39.520 let me go

03:03:40.140 for the day breaks

03:03:41.040 and Jacob said

03:03:42.260 I will not let you go

03:03:43.300 unless you bless me

03:03:44.260 and the angel said

03:03:45.760 unto him

03:03:46.160 what is thy name

03:03:46.980 and Jacob said

03:03:48.260 Jacob

03:03:49.020 and the angel said

03:04:01.160 thy name

03:04:01.680 shall no more

03:04:02.760 be called Jacob

03:04:03.720 so the supplanter

03:04:04.900 right

03:04:05.260 the overthrower

03:04:06.720 with that kind of

03:04:07.920 intonation of

03:04:09.720 or implication

03:04:10.560 of crookedness

03:04:11.360 but Israel

03:04:12.300 which means

03:04:13.040 he who wrestles

03:04:14.200 or strives successfully

03:04:15.620 with god

03:04:16.420 for as a prince

03:04:17.800 hast thou power

03:04:19.340 with god

03:04:19.820 and with men

03:04:20.380 and hast prevailed

03:04:21.240 that's quite a story

03:04:22.760 like

03:04:23.340 it's

03:04:23.720 I don't

03:04:24.580 I don't know

03:04:25.040 exactly what to make of it

03:04:26.260 there's obviously

03:04:27.300 a symbolic

03:04:28.000 level of meaning

03:04:29.340 which is that

03:04:29.980 that is what

03:04:31.540 human beings do

03:04:32.500 in some sense

03:04:33.320 is they

03:04:33.780 they wrestle

03:04:34.780 I would say

03:04:35.660 they wrestle

03:04:36.240 with the divine

03:04:37.240 even with the concept

03:04:38.740 of the divine

03:04:39.500 for that matter

03:04:40.300 and

03:04:41.240 but the question is

03:04:45.000 do they prevail

03:04:45.960 like it's

03:04:46.500 an odd thing

03:04:47.360 that

03:04:47.640 Jacob actually

03:04:49.060 seems to win

03:04:49.880 this battle

03:04:50.560 right

03:04:50.780 or at least

03:04:51.100 he wins it

03:04:51.740 enough

03:04:52.160 so that

03:04:52.680 whoever he's wrestling

03:04:54.460 this divine figure

03:04:55.440 that he's wrestling

03:04:56.120 is willing to bestow

03:04:57.580 a blessing on him

03:04:58.400 and I guess

03:04:58.680 maybe that's a testament

03:04:59.920 to his courage

03:05:00.940 it's something like that

03:05:02.260 maybe it's an indication

03:05:03.720 that

03:05:04.160 he has paid

03:05:05.800 for his sins

03:05:06.560 sufficiently

03:05:07.240 so that he's sort of

03:05:08.300 back on the moral

03:05:09.180 high ground

03:05:09.880 but

03:05:10.680 but I think

03:05:11.900 it's really telling

03:05:12.840 that

03:05:13.120 the transformation

03:05:14.100 of the name

03:05:15.020 from Jacob

03:05:15.680 to Israel

03:05:16.320 and that

03:05:17.000 what Israel means

03:05:18.000 is

03:05:18.260 he who wrestles

03:05:19.740 with god

03:05:20.400 or who struggles

03:05:21.640 with god

03:05:22.240 and perhaps

03:05:22.800 successfully

03:05:23.420 but it's also

03:05:25.280 so interesting

03:05:25.920 that he actually

03:05:26.560 emerges victorious

03:05:27.620 you know

03:05:28.620 you wouldn't

03:05:28.980 necessarily think

03:05:29.720 that that would

03:05:30.180 be a possibility

03:05:30.960 especially given

03:05:31.880 you know

03:05:32.720 God's rather

03:05:33.660 hot-headed nature

03:05:34.640 in the old testament

03:05:35.560 you don't want to

03:05:36.300 mess with him

03:05:36.880 too much

03:05:37.460 but

03:05:38.240 but Jacob

03:05:39.120 does it successfully

03:05:40.120 but

03:05:40.380 even more importantly

03:05:41.880 is the idea

03:05:42.600 that

03:05:42.960 whatever Israel

03:05:44.640 constitutes

03:05:45.400 which would be

03:05:46.180 to say

03:05:46.460 the land

03:05:46.920 that Jacob

03:05:47.400 founds

03:05:49.020 is actually

03:05:49.980 composed of

03:05:50.820 those who

03:05:51.360 wrestle with god

03:05:52.420 I think that's

03:05:53.360 an amazing idea

03:05:54.320 because

03:05:54.680 it also

03:05:55.780 seems to me

03:05:56.700 to shed some

03:05:57.580 light on

03:05:58.700 perhaps what was

03:06:00.300 meant by belief

03:06:01.280 in those days

03:06:02.120 you know

03:06:02.460 like I've often

03:06:03.380 thought of marriage

03:06:04.660 as a wrestling match

03:06:05.980 right

03:06:06.260 if you're lucky

03:06:07.180 the person that you

03:06:08.020 marry is someone

03:06:08.680 you contend with

03:06:09.760 it's not exactly

03:06:10.940 I don't think

03:06:11.880 it's exactly

03:06:12.500 it's not tranquil

03:06:14.180 precisely

03:06:14.920 you know

03:06:16.320 you might have

03:06:17.080 noticed that

03:06:17.600 some of you

03:06:18.100 and

03:06:18.840 but the thing is

03:06:20.960 if you have something

03:06:21.700 to contend against

03:06:23.140 then that strengthens

03:06:24.700 you

03:06:24.940 and

03:06:25.940 and that's

03:06:26.980 actually better

03:06:27.680 than having

03:06:28.180 nothing to contend

03:06:29.200 against

03:06:29.640 and so

03:06:30.160 Jacob

03:06:31.220 is the person

03:06:33.080 who's also

03:06:33.640 strengthened by

03:06:34.620 the necessity

03:06:35.260 of this contending

03:06:36.560 and that seems

03:06:37.840 to be the proper

03:06:38.680 relationship with

03:06:39.820 god or the angel

03:06:40.880 is that contending

03:06:42.160 the battling

03:06:43.200 right

03:06:43.700 rather than some

03:06:44.900 sort of

03:06:45.920 kind of

03:06:47.020 loose

03:06:47.680 weak

03:06:48.700 statement of

03:06:50.020 belief

03:06:50.500 I mean I'm not

03:06:52.100 trying to denigrate

03:06:52.900 that to any

03:06:53.440 great degree

03:06:53.920 it just doesn't

03:06:54.480 seem like the

03:06:55.000 right mode

03:06:55.880 of conceptualization

03:06:57.240 right

03:06:57.540 because human

03:06:58.100 beings aren't

03:06:59.240 aren't like

03:06:59.860 that

03:07:00.180 we're

03:07:00.800 contentious

03:07:02.760 creatures

03:07:03.300 and that's

03:07:04.360 actually seems

03:07:04.920 to be something

03:07:05.440 that meets

03:07:05.880 with god's

03:07:06.480 favor in this

03:07:07.180 situation

03:07:07.680 so

03:07:08.000 especially

03:07:08.840 given that

03:07:09.420 that's actually

03:07:10.020 what he names

03:07:10.700 the

03:07:10.940 well the

03:07:11.700 whole kingdom

03:07:12.360 of the chosen

03:07:13.060 people

03:07:13.520 is

03:07:13.780 the idea

03:07:15.200 is that

03:07:15.560 that's

03:07:15.920 composed of

03:07:16.580 those who

03:07:17.120 contend with

03:07:18.040 god

03:07:18.760 so that's

03:07:20.340 that's a hell

03:07:21.000 of an idea

03:07:21.500 that that's

03:07:22.240 for sure

03:07:22.700 and jacob

03:07:25.420 asked

03:07:25.840 him and

03:07:27.800 said tell

03:07:28.200 me I

03:07:28.520 pray thee

03:07:29.220 thy name

03:07:29.660 and he

03:07:29.900 said

03:07:30.220 wherefore

03:07:31.260 is it

03:07:31.460 thou

03:07:31.640 dost

03:07:31.940 ask

03:07:32.460 after

03:07:32.740 my

03:07:32.920 name

03:07:33.200 so there's

03:07:33.600 no that's

03:07:34.120 not happening

03:07:34.660 and he

03:07:35.200 blessed him

03:07:35.660 there

03:07:35.880 and jacob

03:07:36.640 called the

03:07:37.020 place of the

03:07:37.680 name of the

03:07:38.140 place

03:07:38.400 penile

03:07:38.900 for i

03:07:39.320 or penile

03:07:39.840 for i've

03:07:40.540 seen god

03:07:40.980 face to

03:07:41.460 face and

03:07:41.940 my life

03:07:42.320 is preserved

03:07:42.900 and he

03:07:44.080 passed over

03:07:44.640 penile

03:07:45.540 the sun

03:07:46.120 rose upon

03:07:46.680 him and he

03:07:46.980 halted upon

03:07:47.480 his thigh

03:07:48.020 now

03:07:48.560 jacob

03:07:49.780 does walk

03:07:50.400 away

03:07:50.840 injured

03:07:52.380 from this

03:07:53.040 right

03:07:53.940 so he

03:07:54.180 has a

03:07:54.400 permanent

03:07:54.700 limp

03:07:55.080 after that

03:07:55.780 and so

03:07:56.500 that's also

03:07:57.100 an indication

03:07:57.760 of just

03:07:58.620 how dangerous

03:07:59.280 that contention

03:08:00.120 actually is

03:08:00.880 like he

03:08:01.580 gets blessed

03:08:02.180 he wins

03:08:02.660 but he

03:08:02.960 doesn't get

03:08:03.380 away

03:08:03.620 scot-free

03:08:04.300 and so

03:08:05.380 now

03:08:07.560 so jacob

03:08:08.480 goes back

03:08:09.000 to esau

03:08:09.720 and he's

03:08:11.380 terrified

03:08:11.800 even though

03:08:12.320 it's been

03:08:12.640 14 years

03:08:13.440 he thinks

03:08:13.940 maybe his

03:08:14.480 hot-headed

03:08:14.880 brother

03:08:15.220 hasn't calmed

03:08:15.800 down yet

03:08:16.320 and he

03:08:16.860 has good

03:08:17.180 reason to

03:08:17.640 think that

03:08:18.060 i would

03:08:18.340 say

03:08:18.600 so he

03:08:23.300 sends

03:08:23.520 messengers

03:08:24.000 to esau

03:08:24.620 who then

03:08:25.060 sets out

03:08:25.540 with 400

03:08:26.140 men

03:08:26.560 and so

03:08:27.260 jacob

03:08:27.700 is not

03:08:28.100 very happy

03:08:28.640 with this

03:08:29.040 whole idea

03:08:29.620 and he

03:08:30.340 breaks his

03:08:30.800 people into

03:08:31.340 two bands

03:08:31.920 so that

03:08:32.300 maybe half

03:08:32.840 of them

03:08:33.100 cannot be

03:08:33.660 killed

03:08:33.960 and then

03:08:34.940 he takes

03:08:35.440 from his

03:08:35.960 large flocks

03:08:36.880 a bunch

03:08:37.300 of animals

03:08:37.780 and a

03:08:39.620 bunch of

03:08:39.920 servants

03:08:40.180 and he

03:08:40.500 sends them

03:08:40.900 out to

03:08:41.200 meet esau

03:08:41.760 basically

03:08:42.480 to say

03:08:43.020 look

03:08:43.880 i'm

03:08:44.460 a jerk

03:08:45.260 and sorry

03:08:46.260 about the

03:08:46.920 whole birthright

03:08:47.640 thing

03:08:47.940 and here's

03:08:50.800 some animals

03:08:51.400 and you know

03:08:52.000 maybe

03:08:52.320 maybe that's

03:08:53.700 the beginnings

03:08:54.240 of an

03:08:55.340 apology

03:08:55.860 it's something

03:08:56.460 like that

03:08:57.120 and so

03:08:57.940 but he's

03:08:58.300 not very

03:08:59.040 convinced

03:09:00.260 that that's

03:09:00.720 actually going

03:09:01.180 to work

03:09:01.580 but esau

03:09:03.060 who actually

03:09:04.400 turns out

03:09:04.960 to perhaps

03:09:05.820 have matured

03:09:06.580 in the interim

03:09:07.360 perhaps that's

03:09:08.580 one way of

03:09:08.980 thinking about

03:09:09.480 it

03:09:09.800 meets jacob

03:09:11.980 and says

03:09:12.440 that just

03:09:12.920 seeing him

03:09:13.440 is enough

03:09:14.020 but jacob

03:09:14.920 insists that

03:09:15.760 he takes

03:09:16.180 the gift

03:09:16.700 and esau

03:09:17.400 accepts

03:09:18.420 and which

03:09:20.140 is probably

03:09:20.540 a wise

03:09:21.000 thing

03:09:21.320 because

03:09:21.700 even if

03:09:23.260 esau

03:09:23.680 is 95%

03:09:25.240 convinced

03:09:25.740 that just

03:09:26.160 seeing his

03:09:26.580 brother

03:09:26.860 is enough

03:09:27.740 there's probably

03:09:28.240 5% of him

03:09:29.200 that's still

03:09:29.600 really not

03:09:30.220 all that

03:09:30.680 happy

03:09:31.100 and so

03:09:32.440 you have

03:09:32.740 to be

03:09:33.000 careful

03:09:33.340 you know

03:09:33.780 when you

03:09:34.100 say

03:09:34.400 that you

03:09:35.060 forgive

03:09:35.400 someone

03:09:35.820 because

03:09:36.260 there might

03:09:37.260 be a part

03:09:37.700 of you

03:09:37.920 that really

03:09:38.300 doesn't

03:09:38.740 that really

03:09:39.180 needs

03:09:39.500 something else

03:09:40.160 before you

03:09:40.700 can actually

03:09:41.220 say okay

03:09:41.860 look

03:09:42.240 fight

03:09:44.020 you know

03:09:44.940 and you

03:09:45.120 don't want

03:09:45.360 to fool

03:09:45.680 yourself

03:09:46.080 about that

03:09:46.600 because

03:09:46.860 that 5%

03:09:47.780 that hasn't

03:09:49.300 been completely

03:09:49.940 convinced

03:09:50.460 will find

03:09:51.160 its voice

03:09:51.780 at some

03:09:52.300 point

03:09:52.600 and then

03:09:52.940 maybe

03:09:53.220 undermine

03:09:53.780 the whole

03:09:54.340 reconciliation

03:09:55.300 process

03:09:56.140 you don't

03:09:56.800 want to

03:09:57.080 think that

03:09:57.520 you're any

03:09:57.880 better than

03:09:58.480 you are

03:09:58.900 or any

03:09:59.180 nicer than

03:09:59.780 you are

03:10:00.160 it's not

03:10:00.540 helpful

03:10:01.040 and so

03:10:02.120 esau is smart

03:10:03.460 I think

03:10:03.920 so while

03:10:04.540 Jacob's smart

03:10:05.180 to say

03:10:05.460 no no

03:10:05.860 like thanks

03:10:06.820 a lot

03:10:07.180 but take

03:10:07.860 the damn

03:10:08.300 goats

03:10:08.760 and Jacob

03:10:11.000 and Esau

03:10:12.920 is smart

03:10:13.340 enough to

03:10:13.800 accept that

03:10:14.780 and he might

03:10:15.460 do that

03:10:15.880 maybe to

03:10:16.520 you know

03:10:17.480 to please

03:10:19.740 Jacob

03:10:20.180 but also

03:10:20.980 I think

03:10:21.600 so that there

03:10:22.220 really is the

03:10:22.920 possibility of

03:10:23.680 establishing peace

03:10:24.740 because hypothetically

03:10:26.380 the gift that's

03:10:27.140 being offered

03:10:27.740 is of sufficient

03:10:29.160 magnitude

03:10:29.660 to erase

03:10:31.120 the debt

03:10:31.680 of the loss

03:10:32.360 of the birthright

03:10:33.080 it's something

03:10:33.540 like that

03:10:34.080 it's the payment

03:10:37.100 of the real

03:10:37.680 debt

03:10:38.040 and

03:10:39.820 Esau said

03:10:43.020 what meanest

03:10:43.780 thou by all

03:10:44.560 this drove

03:10:45.080 which I met

03:10:45.760 and Jacob

03:10:46.600 said

03:10:46.860 these are

03:10:47.200 to find

03:10:47.580 grace

03:10:47.980 in the sight

03:10:48.640 of my

03:10:48.960 Lord

03:10:49.300 and Esau

03:10:50.460 says

03:10:50.900 I have

03:10:51.560 enough

03:10:51.800 brother

03:10:52.120 keep

03:10:52.440 that

03:10:53.620 that thou

03:10:54.000 hast

03:10:54.300 unto

03:10:54.540 thyself

03:10:55.160 and Jacob

03:11:02.940 said

03:11:03.340 this is

03:11:04.320 interesting

03:11:04.760 statement

03:11:05.200 I think

03:11:05.660 no I

03:11:06.360 pray you

03:11:06.860 if I

03:11:07.560 have now

03:11:07.900 found

03:11:08.200 grace

03:11:08.540 in thy

03:11:08.900 sight

03:11:09.180 take

03:11:10.180 the present

03:11:10.780 at my

03:11:11.280 hand

03:11:11.640 for

03:11:12.580 therefore

03:11:12.920 I

03:11:13.260 have

03:11:13.400 seen

03:11:13.640 thy

03:11:13.880 face

03:11:14.280 as

03:11:14.500 though

03:11:14.720 I

03:11:14.880 had

03:11:15.040 seen

03:11:15.240 the

03:11:15.420 face

03:11:15.660 of

03:11:15.840 God

03:11:16.200 and

03:11:16.780 thou

03:11:16.980 was

03:11:17.180 pleased

03:11:17.520 with

03:11:17.760 me

03:11:18.020 and so

03:11:18.820 that's

03:11:19.200 so

03:11:19.520 he's

03:11:19.880 he's

03:11:20.460 taking

03:11:21.000 the

03:11:21.460 honorable

03:11:23.080 judgment

03:11:23.600 of his

03:11:24.040 brother

03:11:24.360 because

03:11:24.620 it is

03:11:24.920 honorable

03:11:25.240 because

03:11:25.600 Esau

03:11:25.940 did get

03:11:26.600 betrayed

03:11:27.240 so he

03:11:28.080 has a

03:11:28.340 right

03:11:28.580 to be

03:11:28.980 standing

03:11:29.380 in

03:11:29.660 judgment

03:11:30.020 and he

03:11:31.520 equates

03:11:32.560 that

03:11:32.820 judgment

03:11:33.260 with

03:11:33.760 what would

03:11:35.760 you say

03:11:36.100 with the

03:11:36.440 highest

03:11:36.780 of

03:11:37.020 virtues

03:11:37.440 it's

03:11:37.840 appropriate

03:11:38.340 judgment

03:11:38.840 and so

03:11:39.740 he wants

03:11:40.820 to make

03:11:42.560 complete

03:11:43.300 amends

03:11:43.740 to Esau

03:11:44.320 as if

03:11:44.780 Esau

03:11:45.140 is a

03:11:45.420 representative

03:11:45.940 of the

03:11:46.440 divine

03:11:46.900 element

03:11:47.600 of

03:11:47.820 justice

03:11:48.340 and

03:11:49.320 I guess

03:11:51.300 that's

03:11:51.600 convincing

03:11:52.040 to

03:11:52.440 Esau

03:11:53.020 it's

03:11:53.260 quite a

03:11:53.600 thing

03:11:53.740 to say

03:11:54.260 you know

03:11:55.300 that

03:11:55.520 I need

03:11:56.080 to be

03:11:56.340 reconciled

03:11:56.900 to you

03:11:57.280 because

03:11:57.540 that would

03:11:57.900 simultaneously

03:11:58.440 reconcile

03:11:59.040 me

03:11:59.320 with

03:11:59.500 God

03:11:59.860 it's

03:12:00.200 crucial

03:12:01.460 this is

03:12:02.080 between

03:12:02.740 us

03:12:02.980 but

03:12:03.140 there's

03:12:03.800 a higher

03:12:04.160 principle

03:12:04.580 at stake

03:12:05.060 that's

03:12:05.280 vital

03:12:05.640 and I

03:12:06.280 think

03:12:06.440 that is

03:12:06.760 the case

03:12:07.200 with

03:12:07.640 betrayal

03:12:08.060 that's

03:12:08.420 very

03:12:08.720 frequently

03:12:09.340 the case

03:12:09.780 because

03:12:10.060 if you

03:12:10.340 betray

03:12:10.640 someone

03:12:10.960 you really

03:12:11.580 have

03:12:11.780 violated

03:12:12.300 you've

03:12:13.340 deeply

03:12:13.620 violated

03:12:14.180 what can

03:12:14.780 only be

03:12:15.200 called

03:12:15.420 a sacred

03:12:15.900 trust

03:12:16.380 it's

03:12:16.960 the right

03:12:17.280 terminology

03:12:17.800 for that

03:12:18.300 take it

03:12:19.200 I pray

03:12:19.820 my blessing

03:12:20.900 that is

03:12:21.720 brought to

03:12:22.140 thee

03:12:22.280 because

03:12:22.560 God

03:12:22.860 has dealt

03:12:23.360 graciously

03:12:23.960 with me

03:12:24.400 and because

03:12:24.780 I have

03:12:25.160 enough

03:12:25.480 and he

03:12:25.960 urged

03:12:26.320 him

03:12:26.620 and he

03:12:27.380 took

03:12:27.600 it

03:12:27.820 so

03:12:29.460 you know

03:12:29.720 the story

03:12:30.160 seems

03:12:30.460 to be

03:12:30.760 something

03:12:31.060 like

03:12:31.500 well

03:12:32.940 Jacob

03:12:33.420 was

03:12:34.360 kind of

03:12:36.560 an arrogant

03:12:37.140 crooked

03:12:37.920 deceitful

03:12:38.560 character

03:12:39.080 maybe

03:12:40.040 over impressed

03:12:40.780 with his

03:12:41.140 own ability

03:12:41.700 he thought

03:12:42.480 it was

03:12:42.700 pretty amusing

03:12:43.300 to pull

03:12:44.000 a fast

03:12:45.200 trick

03:12:45.480 or two

03:12:45.820 on his

03:12:46.160 brother

03:12:46.480 then he

03:12:47.380 ran off

03:12:47.980 which is

03:12:48.480 not all

03:12:49.120 that

03:12:49.360 brave

03:12:49.900 and then

03:12:50.680 he got

03:12:51.060 walloped

03:12:51.680 a lot

03:12:52.420 and perhaps

03:12:53.340 learned

03:12:53.780 something

03:12:54.260 and then

03:12:55.060 when he

03:12:55.320 came back

03:12:55.900 you know

03:12:56.140 he was

03:12:56.420 a different

03:12:56.800 person

03:12:57.260 and so

03:12:58.120 that's

03:12:58.480 a

03:12:58.720 that's

03:13:02.480 a reasonable

03:13:02.940 story

03:13:03.520 and you

03:13:04.400 know

03:13:04.520 he

03:13:04.860 he has

03:13:06.200 to repent

03:13:06.800 completely

03:13:07.480 of

03:13:08.620 about what

03:13:10.220 he did

03:13:10.660 before he

03:13:11.580 can

03:13:11.880 rectify

03:13:13.080 the situation

03:13:13.780 properly

03:13:14.280 and he's

03:13:14.620 willing

03:13:14.880 to do

03:13:15.260 that

03:13:15.580 so

03:13:17.600 that's

03:13:17.880 an interesting

03:13:18.420 idea

03:13:18.820 too

03:13:19.040 because

03:13:19.360 it's

03:13:20.080 it's

03:13:21.000 an early

03:13:21.740 reflection

03:13:22.240 of the

03:13:22.580 idea

03:13:22.880 that it

03:13:23.220 is

03:13:23.460 if you

03:13:24.200 do

03:13:24.380 something

03:13:24.740 wrong

03:13:25.060 in the

03:13:25.320 past

03:13:25.880 a

03:13:26.720 that you

03:13:27.100 can

03:13:27.260 learn

03:13:27.520 from

03:13:27.780 it

03:13:28.020 right

03:13:28.480 so that

03:13:28.800 you're

03:13:28.920 actually

03:13:29.180 capable

03:13:29.600 of

03:13:29.840 learning

03:13:30.160 and

03:13:30.800 b

03:13:31.020 that

03:13:31.220 you

03:13:31.380 can

03:13:31.660 set

03:13:32.080 the

03:13:32.500 balance

03:13:33.960 right

03:13:34.280 in the

03:13:34.600 present

03:13:35.040 those are

03:13:35.920 very optimistic

03:13:36.660 ideas

03:13:37.300 you know

03:13:37.600 because

03:13:37.880 you might

03:13:38.640 say

03:13:38.840 well

03:13:39.140 once

03:13:39.720 you've

03:13:40.120 committed

03:13:40.420 some

03:13:40.740 sort

03:13:41.000 of

03:13:41.120 crime

03:13:41.480 that's

03:13:42.500 it

03:13:42.620 there's

03:13:42.840 no hope

03:13:43.240 for you

03:13:43.520 but

03:13:43.660 that's

03:13:43.960 pretty

03:13:44.200 rough

03:13:44.560 because

03:13:44.940 the

03:13:45.520 probability

03:13:45.940 that

03:13:46.380 you've

03:13:46.640 done

03:13:46.940 unethical

03:13:48.100 things

03:13:48.500 at some

03:13:48.860 point

03:13:49.100 in your

03:13:49.300 life

03:13:49.560 is

03:13:53.460 setting

03:13:54.440 the

03:13:54.820 balance

03:13:55.440 right

03:13:55.880 after that

03:13:56.540 then

03:13:56.820 everybody

03:13:57.280 would

03:13:57.540 be

03:13:57.740 doomed

03:13:58.080 so

03:13:59.020 so

03:14:03.180 then the

03:14:03.480 story

03:14:03.680 gets

03:14:03.880 rough

03:14:04.160 again

03:14:04.460 Jacob

03:14:04.800 settles

03:14:05.520 in

03:14:05.760 Shalem

03:14:06.380 or

03:14:07.660 Shalem

03:14:08.080 Dinah

03:14:08.700 his daughter

03:14:09.180 goes looking

03:14:09.720 around

03:14:09.980 for friends

03:14:10.660 Shechem

03:14:11.940 the son

03:14:12.420 of Hamor

03:14:12.900 lays with

03:14:13.480 her

03:14:13.720 and then

03:14:14.940 wants her

03:14:15.320 for his

03:14:15.640 wife

03:14:15.860 he actually

03:14:16.440 has the

03:14:16.840 order

03:14:17.140 reversed

03:14:17.680 there

03:14:17.900 that

03:14:18.100 turns out

03:14:18.520 to be

03:14:18.760 a

03:14:18.900 problem

03:14:19.300 Jacob

03:14:20.400 hears

03:14:20.740 of this

03:14:21.300 the

03:14:22.160 father's

03:14:22.680 talk

03:14:23.140 and so

03:14:24.080 they make

03:14:24.620 an

03:14:24.760 agreement

03:14:25.180 the

03:14:27.120 agreement

03:14:27.520 is

03:14:27.840 that

03:14:28.220 if

03:14:28.720 all

03:14:29.000 of

03:14:29.160 Hamor's

03:14:29.640 men

03:14:29.960 including

03:14:30.620 Hamor

03:14:31.040 and his

03:14:31.400 son

03:14:31.720 are

03:14:32.580 circumcised

03:14:33.440 so that's

03:14:34.000 the proper

03:14:34.780 offering

03:14:35.280 I guess

03:14:35.680 that brings

03:14:36.240 them into

03:14:36.700 the familial

03:14:37.520 fold

03:14:38.060 and indicates

03:14:39.040 that they're

03:14:39.460 willing to

03:14:39.860 make a

03:14:40.180 sacrifice

03:14:40.640 to do

03:14:41.440 so

03:14:41.700 especially

03:14:42.160 after

03:14:43.020 you know

03:14:44.040 Shechem

03:14:44.380 put the

03:14:44.800 cart before

03:14:45.260 the horse

03:14:45.760 let's

03:14:46.080 say

03:14:46.320 the men

03:14:48.120 of Hamor

03:14:48.540 are circumcised

03:14:49.220 they agree

03:14:49.700 to do

03:14:50.100 so

03:14:50.460 that turns

03:14:51.220 out to be

03:14:51.640 a big

03:14:51.920 mistake

03:14:52.380 so while

03:14:52.860 they're

03:14:53.100 laying around

03:14:54.240 the next

03:14:54.800 day

03:14:55.080 suffering

03:14:55.600 madly

03:14:56.180 from the

03:14:56.620 circumcision

03:14:57.320 Simeon

03:14:59.320 and Levi

03:14:59.740 come in

03:15:00.340 and they

03:15:00.600 sneak in

03:15:01.020 and kill

03:15:01.420 all of

03:15:01.820 them

03:15:02.000 and take

03:15:03.020 their wealth

03:15:03.520 and their

03:15:03.800 women and

03:15:04.240 children

03:15:04.560 that's rough

03:15:05.780 it's rough

03:15:07.140 yeah I guess

03:15:10.300 I guess you

03:15:10.440 guys noticed

03:15:11.100 that

03:15:11.400 so

03:15:12.660 so

03:15:15.760 they're

03:15:16.080 honor

03:15:16.360 societies

03:15:17.080 right

03:15:17.460 and there's

03:15:18.040 still lots

03:15:18.500 of honor

03:15:18.840 societies

03:15:19.320 in the

03:15:19.680 world

03:15:19.920 and so

03:15:20.320 they don't

03:15:20.700 take kindly

03:15:21.300 to what

03:15:21.620 happened

03:15:21.960 to their

03:15:22.440 sister

03:15:23.880 although

03:15:24.720 they don't

03:15:25.120 kill her

03:15:25.760 so

03:15:26.760 now

03:15:29.940 it turns

03:15:30.620 out

03:15:30.880 that

03:15:31.140 yeah

03:15:31.560 it says

03:15:31.900 as it came

03:15:32.420 to pass

03:15:32.840 on the

03:15:33.120 third day

03:15:33.540 when they

03:15:33.840 were sore

03:15:34.360 the two

03:15:35.120 of the

03:15:35.380 sons of

03:15:35.760 Jacob

03:15:36.100 Simeon

03:15:36.540 and Levi

03:15:36.980 Dinah's

03:15:37.980 brethren

03:15:38.280 took each

03:15:38.820 man his

03:15:39.300 sword

03:15:39.580 and came

03:15:39.980 upon the

03:15:40.420 city boldly

03:15:41.140 and slew

03:15:41.580 all the

03:15:41.960 males

03:15:42.280 and they

03:15:43.100 slew Hammer

03:15:43.640 and Shechem

03:15:44.140 his son

03:15:44.580 with the

03:15:44.860 edge of

03:15:45.180 the sword

03:15:45.560 and took

03:15:46.200 Dinah out

03:15:46.780 of Shechem's

03:15:47.360 house

03:15:47.580 and went

03:15:48.320 out

03:15:48.620 the sons

03:15:49.760 of Jacob

03:15:50.200 came upon

03:15:50.800 the slain

03:15:51.300 and spoiled

03:15:51.780 the city

03:15:52.160 because they

03:15:52.620 had defiled

03:15:53.160 their sister

03:15:53.800 they took

03:15:55.560 the sheep

03:15:55.980 and the oxen

03:15:56.600 and the asses

03:15:57.260 and that which

03:15:57.720 was in the

03:15:58.220 city

03:15:58.440 and that which

03:15:58.920 was in the

03:15:59.740 field

03:16:00.000 and all their

03:16:00.860 wealth

03:16:01.160 and all their

03:16:01.720 little ones

03:16:02.200 and their

03:16:02.680 wives

03:16:03.060 took the

03:16:03.880 cape captive

03:16:04.720 and spoiled

03:16:05.340 everything else

03:16:06.040 that was in

03:16:06.460 the house

03:16:06.900 and Jacob

03:16:08.160 actually turns

03:16:08.780 out not to

03:16:09.220 be very happy

03:16:09.840 about that

03:16:10.380 because he'd

03:16:11.280 met with

03:16:11.700 Hamor

03:16:12.000 and they

03:16:12.260 like hammered

03:16:13.240 out a deal

03:16:13.760 and that

03:16:15.180 and that's

03:16:15.840 where they

03:16:16.100 were living

03:16:16.580 and so

03:16:17.420 he figured

03:16:17.940 well

03:16:18.400 that he

03:16:19.300 was making

03:16:19.700 the best

03:16:20.120 of a bad

03:16:20.580 lot

03:16:20.920 let's say

03:16:21.520 and his

03:16:22.400 sons went

03:16:23.020 behind his

03:16:23.500 back

03:16:23.900 and Jacob

03:16:25.660 says to

03:16:26.660 Simeon and

03:16:27.160 Levi

03:16:27.380 you have

03:16:28.080 troubled me

03:16:28.560 to make me

03:16:29.080 stink among

03:16:30.500 the inhabitants

03:16:31.040 of the land

03:16:31.680 among the

03:16:32.360 Canaanites

03:16:32.780 and the

03:16:33.060 Perizzites

03:16:33.600 and I

03:16:34.260 being few

03:16:34.840 in number

03:16:35.280 they shall

03:16:36.140 gather themselves

03:16:36.840 now together

03:16:37.640 against me

03:16:38.260 and slay me

03:16:39.100 and I shall

03:16:39.880 be destroyed

03:16:40.480 I and my

03:16:41.000 house

03:16:41.440 and they

03:16:42.660 said

03:16:42.960 should he

03:16:43.700 deal with

03:16:44.100 our sister

03:16:44.680 as with

03:16:45.300 a harlot

03:16:45.840 and God

03:16:49.100 said unto

03:16:49.540 Jacob

03:16:49.940 and this is

03:16:50.660 where we

03:16:50.920 get back

03:16:51.300 to the idea

03:16:51.800 of the

03:16:52.100 center

03:16:52.400 God says

03:16:53.580 to Jacob

03:16:54.060 arise

03:16:54.500 go to

03:16:54.880 Bethel

03:16:55.280 and dwell

03:16:56.880 there

03:16:57.140 so Bethel

03:16:57.980 was where

03:16:58.340 Jacob

03:16:58.680 had originally

03:16:59.160 put that

03:16:59.700 pillar

03:17:00.060 so now

03:17:01.240 it's back

03:17:01.740 so it's

03:17:02.820 it's a real

03:17:03.780 hero's

03:17:04.240 journey

03:17:04.520 right

03:17:04.820 there's

03:17:05.140 there's

03:17:05.760 the place

03:17:06.260 that

03:17:06.480 he has

03:17:07.240 a set

03:17:07.620 place

03:17:08.080 he goes

03:17:08.760 out

03:17:08.940 and has

03:17:09.280 these

03:17:09.540 adventures

03:17:10.100 and

03:17:10.980 undergoes

03:17:11.680 a moral

03:17:12.000 transformation

03:17:12.840 reconciles

03:17:14.200 and then

03:17:14.800 he comes

03:17:15.140 back to

03:17:15.600 the same

03:17:16.020 place

03:17:16.420 right

03:17:16.640 as a

03:17:16.960 transformed

03:17:17.560 person

03:17:18.100 so that's

03:17:18.660 a full

03:17:19.020 hero cycle

03:17:19.800 arise

03:17:21.160 go to

03:17:21.520 Bethel

03:17:21.860 and dwell

03:17:22.220 there

03:17:22.480 and make

03:17:22.860 thou

03:17:23.100 there

03:17:23.760 an altar

03:17:24.160 unto

03:17:24.440 God

03:17:24.820 that appeared

03:17:25.680 to thee

03:17:26.040 when thou

03:17:26.420 fleddest

03:17:26.780 from the

03:17:27.140 face

03:17:27.380 of Esau

03:17:27.840 thy brother

03:17:28.380 and Jacob

03:17:29.720 said to his

03:17:30.240 household

03:17:30.620 and to all

03:17:31.200 that were

03:17:31.460 with him

03:17:31.880 put away

03:17:32.500 the strange

03:17:33.020 gods

03:17:33.460 that are

03:17:34.080 among

03:17:34.380 you

03:17:34.640 and be

03:17:36.040 clean

03:17:36.420 and change

03:17:37.660 your garments

03:17:38.180 and let us

03:17:39.060 arise

03:17:39.420 and go up

03:17:39.880 to Bethel

03:17:40.380 and I will

03:17:41.340 make there

03:17:41.760 an altar

03:17:42.160 unto God

03:17:42.840 who answered

03:17:43.580 me in the

03:17:43.960 day of my

03:17:44.400 distress

03:17:44.680 and was

03:17:45.460 with me

03:17:45.880 in the way

03:17:46.880 which I

03:17:47.260 went

03:17:47.560 and they

03:17:49.180 gave unto

03:17:49.600 Jacob

03:17:49.920 all the

03:17:50.240 strange

03:17:50.560 gods

03:17:50.900 which were

03:17:51.300 in their

03:17:51.580 hand

03:17:51.940 and all

03:17:52.680 their

03:17:52.820 earrings

03:17:53.160 which were

03:17:53.600 in their

03:17:53.920 ears

03:17:54.320 and Jacob

03:17:55.240 hid them

03:17:55.620 under the

03:17:55.960 oak

03:17:56.180 which was

03:17:56.500 by Shechem

03:17:57.040 and they

03:17:57.580 journeyed

03:17:58.160 and the

03:17:59.700 terror of

03:18:00.080 God

03:18:00.300 was upon

03:18:00.720 the cities

03:18:01.140 that were

03:18:01.420 round about

03:18:01.920 them

03:18:02.100 and they

03:18:02.380 did not

03:18:02.720 pursue

03:18:03.160 after the

03:18:03.700 sons of

03:18:04.100 Jacob

03:18:04.460 so Jacob

03:18:05.660 came to

03:18:06.140 Luz

03:18:06.420 which is in

03:18:06.920 the land

03:18:07.240 of Canaan

03:18:07.740 that is

03:18:08.340 Bethel

03:18:08.820 so that's

03:18:09.420 the place

03:18:09.820 where he

03:18:10.160 put up

03:18:10.520 the pillar

03:18:10.940 to begin

03:18:11.400 with

03:18:11.620 he and

03:18:12.240 all the

03:18:12.520 people

03:18:12.740 that were

03:18:13.040 there

03:18:13.240 with him

03:18:13.680 and he

03:18:14.300 built

03:18:14.540 there

03:18:14.820 an altar

03:18:15.360 and called

03:18:16.100 the place

03:18:16.520 El Bethel

03:18:17.400 because there

03:18:18.300 God appeared

03:18:18.900 to him

03:18:19.200 when he

03:18:19.440 fled from

03:18:19.840 the face

03:18:20.220 of his

03:18:20.480 brother

03:18:20.760 and God

03:18:22.520 appeared to

03:18:22.960 Jacob

03:18:23.200 again

03:18:23.600 when he

03:18:24.260 came out

03:18:24.580 of Paddan

03:18:25.040 and blessed

03:18:25.780 him

03:18:25.980 and God

03:18:26.700 sent unto

03:18:27.240 him

03:18:27.580 thy name

03:18:28.700 is Jacob

03:18:29.220 thy name

03:18:30.780 shall not

03:18:31.340 be called

03:18:32.040 any more

03:18:32.440 Jacob

03:18:32.840 which you

03:18:33.360 remember

03:18:33.700 means usurper

03:18:34.520 but Israel

03:18:35.440 shall be

03:18:35.960 thy name

03:18:36.560 he who

03:18:38.060 wrestles

03:18:38.500 with God

03:18:39.140 and he

03:18:41.080 called

03:18:41.300 his name

03:18:41.620 Israel

03:18:42.000 and God

03:18:42.600 said to

03:18:42.960 him

03:18:43.080 I am

03:18:43.340 God

03:18:43.560 almighty

03:18:43.940 be fruitful

03:18:44.580 and multiply

03:18:45.280 a nation

03:18:45.940 and a company

03:18:46.820 of nations

03:18:47.280 shall be

03:18:47.720 of thee

03:18:48.100 and kings

03:18:48.860 shall come

03:18:49.320 out of thy

03:18:49.740 loins

03:18:50.160 and the land

03:18:51.280 which I

03:18:51.600 gave Abraham

03:18:52.100 and Isaac

03:18:52.640 to thee

03:18:53.120 I will

03:18:53.400 give it

03:18:53.760 and to thy

03:18:54.540 seed

03:18:54.800 after thee

03:18:55.400 will I

03:18:56.240 give the

03:18:56.560 land

03:18:56.880 and God

03:18:58.280 went up

03:18:58.620 from him

03:18:58.940 in the place

03:18:59.400 where he

03:18:59.680 talked

03:18:59.960 with him

03:19:00.300 and God

03:19:00.860 set up

03:19:01.200 Jacob

03:19:01.740 set up

03:19:02.160 a pillar

03:19:02.540 in the place

03:19:03.420 where he

03:19:03.680 talked

03:19:03.940 with him

03:19:04.260 a pillar

03:19:04.900 of stone

03:19:05.400 and he

03:19:05.700 poured a

03:19:06.060 drink

03:19:06.360 offering

03:19:06.840 thereon

03:19:09.140 and Jacob

03:19:09.740 called the

03:19:10.180 name

03:19:10.340 of the

03:19:10.520 place

03:19:10.780 where God

03:19:11.160 spake

03:19:11.480 with him

03:19:11.840 Bethel

03:19:12.660 so he's

03:19:21.980 returned to

03:19:23.220 the central

03:19:23.780 place

03:19:24.280 which had

03:19:24.680 been

03:19:24.980 given to

03:19:26.180 him

03:19:26.400 as his

03:19:27.020 territory

03:19:27.720 Rachel

03:19:29.020 dies in

03:19:29.540 labor

03:19:29.820 in the

03:19:31.640 process

03:19:32.060 giving

03:19:32.400 birth

03:19:32.700 to

03:19:33.020 Benoni

03:19:34.000 son of

03:19:35.200 Mysoro

03:19:35.660 whose name

03:19:36.480 was then

03:19:36.860 changed

03:19:37.260 to Benjamin

03:19:37.860 son of

03:19:38.420 the right

03:19:38.760 hand

03:19:39.120 now

03:19:42.340 Reuben

03:19:42.780 so Simeon

03:19:45.520 and Levi

03:19:45.900 have already

03:19:46.580 done something

03:19:48.200 unforgivable

03:19:48.840 now Reuben

03:19:49.780 it's Reuben's

03:19:50.400 term

03:19:50.640 he sleeps

03:19:51.620 with Bilhah

03:19:52.420 who's

03:19:53.160 Jacob

03:19:53.720 Israel's

03:19:54.460 concubine

03:19:54.900 so he's

03:19:55.840 the third

03:19:56.200 of the sons

03:19:56.700 to make

03:19:57.320 an unforgivable

03:19:58.060 error

03:19:58.460 and Jacob

03:19:59.480 slash Israel

03:20:00.460 gets wind

03:20:00.980 of it

03:20:01.300 so Reuben

03:20:02.160 is no longer

03:20:03.000 he would have

03:20:04.220 been the

03:20:04.520 premier son

03:20:05.260 given that

03:20:05.760 the two

03:20:06.080 older sons

03:20:06.620 were put

03:20:08.080 out of

03:20:08.620 the running

03:20:09.840 so to speak

03:20:10.420 because of

03:20:10.840 their

03:20:11.060 disobedience

03:20:12.040 and

03:20:12.300 impulsive

03:20:13.340 vengeful

03:20:14.880 cruelty

03:20:15.340 and then

03:20:16.380 Reuben

03:20:16.700 can't keep

03:20:17.340 his

03:20:17.540 what do

03:20:19.220 they say

03:20:19.640 well you

03:20:20.360 get the

03:20:20.720 idea

03:20:21.080 yeah

03:20:21.840 seems to be

03:20:24.840 something that's

03:20:25.820 still quite

03:20:26.300 surprisingly

03:20:26.900 common

03:20:27.440 so then

03:20:31.020 we have

03:20:31.500 this story

03:20:32.260 that

03:20:32.560 basically

03:20:34.500 ends with

03:20:35.460 this

03:20:35.720 establishment

03:20:36.280 of the

03:20:36.640 twelve

03:20:36.920 tribes

03:20:37.360 of Israel

03:20:38.020 from

03:20:39.320 Leah

03:20:39.640 there's

03:20:40.040 Reuben

03:20:40.420 Simeon

03:20:40.920 Levi

03:20:41.240 Judah

03:20:41.780 Issachar

03:20:42.820 and Zebulun

03:20:43.560 from Zilpah

03:20:44.520 there's

03:20:44.800 Gad

03:20:45.060 and Asher

03:20:45.560 from

03:20:45.840 Bila

03:20:46.140 there's

03:20:46.920 Dan

03:20:47.200 and

03:20:47.360 Naphtali

03:20:47.900 and from

03:20:48.800 Rachel

03:20:49.120 there's

03:20:49.460 Joseph

03:20:49.920 who figures

03:20:50.920 extraordinarily

03:20:51.660 importantly

03:20:52.400 in the next

03:20:53.440 story that we're

03:20:54.040 going to cover

03:20:54.460 which hopefully

03:20:55.100 will wrap up

03:20:55.900 Genesis

03:20:56.860 and Benjamin

03:20:58.720 and so now

03:20:59.800 Israel itself

03:21:03.000 is established

03:21:03.840 and so then

03:21:08.540 we turn to

03:21:09.240 actually going to

03:21:10.900 end this early

03:21:11.520 tonight

03:21:11.880 that's quite

03:21:12.420 bloody

03:21:12.820 miracle

03:21:13.420 so

03:21:14.520 the story

03:21:17.600 then turns

03:21:18.100 to Joseph

03:21:18.660 and

03:21:19.360 the story

03:21:22.300 begins

03:21:22.820 essentially

03:21:23.420 now Israel

03:21:24.140 loved Joseph

03:21:24.860 more than

03:21:25.280 all his

03:21:25.600 children

03:21:25.920 because he

03:21:26.380 was the

03:21:26.700 son of

03:21:27.060 his

03:21:27.200 old age

03:21:27.860 and he

03:21:28.680 made him

03:21:28.960 a coat

03:21:29.300 of many

03:21:29.720 colors

03:21:30.220 and so

03:21:31.880 what that

03:21:32.540 seems to

03:21:32.940 me to

03:21:33.160 indicate

03:21:33.600 you know

03:21:34.540 coats

03:21:34.960 in dreams

03:21:35.660 very often

03:21:36.420 seems to

03:21:37.280 be particularly

03:21:37.980 true of

03:21:38.540 women's

03:21:38.900 dreams

03:21:39.140 that's

03:21:39.500 been my

03:21:40.100 clinical

03:21:40.660 observation

03:21:41.300 clothing

03:21:42.740 footwear

03:21:43.620 in particular

03:21:44.480 symbolizes

03:21:45.900 a role

03:21:47.220 and that

03:21:48.420 makes sense

03:21:48.900 right

03:21:49.100 because you

03:21:49.460 dress for

03:21:49.900 the roles

03:21:50.260 it's not

03:21:50.820 that big

03:21:51.200 a mystery

03:21:51.660 but

03:21:52.480 so then

03:21:53.240 you might

03:21:53.480 say

03:21:53.660 what does

03:21:54.100 a coat

03:21:54.440 of many

03:21:54.820 colors

03:21:55.300 indicate

03:21:55.980 and

03:21:56.920 you know

03:21:57.900 if you

03:21:58.420 think of

03:21:58.900 the multiplicity

03:22:00.660 there

03:22:01.020 it's something

03:22:02.140 like the

03:22:02.660 mastery

03:22:03.180 of multiple

03:22:03.920 domains

03:22:04.580 right

03:22:04.900 or maybe

03:22:05.600 something like

03:22:06.200 plural

03:22:06.520 potentiality

03:22:07.580 and so

03:22:08.460 Jacob

03:22:09.260 is

03:22:09.600 Israel's

03:22:10.920 or Joseph

03:22:11.600 is Israel's

03:22:12.460 favorite

03:22:12.840 and because

03:22:14.400 he sees in

03:22:15.040 him this

03:22:15.460 excess

03:22:16.440 possibility

03:22:17.240 and he

03:22:18.240 basically

03:22:18.620 tells his

03:22:19.200 other sons

03:22:19.800 is that

03:22:20.240 Jacob

03:22:21.120 is going

03:22:21.640 to be

03:22:22.180 the head

03:22:23.000 son

03:22:23.420 which

03:22:23.880 they are

03:22:24.400 not happy

03:22:25.000 with

03:22:25.240 right

03:22:25.440 because he's

03:22:25.800 just this

03:22:26.220 young punk

03:22:27.020 fundamentally

03:22:27.700 and he's

03:22:28.360 clearly his

03:22:29.020 father's favorite

03:22:29.700 and he gets

03:22:30.180 this coat

03:22:30.780 that's sort

03:22:31.240 of indicative

03:22:32.000 of this

03:22:32.560 higher status

03:22:33.460 and so

03:22:34.300 Israel

03:22:35.500 inadvertently

03:22:37.620 sets up a

03:22:39.040 tremendous

03:22:39.520 amount of

03:22:40.200 sibling rivalry

03:22:41.040 in the

03:22:41.820 household

03:22:42.160 again

03:22:42.720 and that

03:22:43.600 that's

03:22:45.640 the

03:22:46.000 understructure

03:22:48.240 of the

03:22:48.980 last story

03:22:50.480 in Genesis

03:22:51.180 and so

03:22:51.880 in

03:22:52.840 the last

03:22:53.900 of this

03:22:54.380 lecture series

03:22:55.320 for 2017

03:22:56.960 we'll cover

03:22:58.680 the story

03:22:59.240 of Joseph

03:22:59.820 and

03:23:00.460 his coat

03:23:01.580 of many

03:23:01.920 colors

03:23:02.260 and what

03:23:02.640 happens as

03:23:03.200 a consequence

03:23:03.800 of his

03:23:04.380 of the

03:23:05.560 favoritism

03:23:06.160 shown

03:23:06.560 to him

03:23:07.320 by his

03:23:07.700 father

03:23:08.060 and

03:23:09.080 we'll track

03:23:11.360 what happens

03:23:12.040 as a consequence

03:23:13.100 of that

03:23:13.580 and so

03:23:14.500 I'm going to

03:23:15.440 stop there

03:23:15.960 because I'm

03:23:16.580 finished

03:23:17.060 so

03:23:17.820 hello Dr.

03:23:23.980 Peterson

03:23:24.280 this is an

03:23:25.860 idea I've

03:23:26.520 been wrestling

03:23:27.000 with

03:23:27.400 for quite

03:23:28.760 some time

03:23:29.200 now

03:23:29.460 this idea

03:23:31.380 of

03:23:31.860 a lot

03:23:33.260 of

03:23:33.400 the greatest

03:23:34.060 sources of

03:23:34.600 wisdom

03:23:34.820 that we've

03:23:35.300 received

03:23:35.900 through human

03:23:37.080 history

03:23:37.580 either through

03:23:38.580 text

03:23:39.140 experiences

03:23:39.980 or

03:23:40.520 scriptures

03:23:41.660 seems to

03:23:42.620 always come

03:23:43.180 from people

03:23:44.180 going to

03:23:45.720 isolation

03:23:46.220 and then

03:23:47.000 coming back

03:23:47.620 so

03:23:48.700 I've had a

03:23:49.900 hard time

03:23:50.440 trying to

03:23:50.800 figure out

03:23:51.340 from a

03:23:52.100 scientific

03:23:52.480 point of

03:23:52.980 view

03:23:53.220 or evolutionary

03:23:54.200 point of

03:23:54.680 view

03:23:54.860 what would

03:23:56.140 compel

03:23:56.780 an organism

03:23:58.140 to

03:23:59.080 that is

03:24:00.020 that is

03:24:00.440 centered around

03:24:01.280 its behavior

03:24:01.940 centered around

03:24:03.200 surviving

03:24:04.360 in especially

03:24:05.660 for humans

03:24:06.220 and social

03:24:06.600 groups as well

03:24:07.300 as reproducing

03:24:08.180 to want to

03:24:09.700 go into

03:24:10.200 isolation

03:24:10.820 and then

03:24:12.060 not only

03:24:12.820 that but

03:24:13.520 obtain some

03:24:15.040 level of

03:24:15.760 information that

03:24:16.500 actually helps

03:24:17.320 the group

03:24:17.800 in coming

03:24:18.360 back

03:24:18.800 that's a

03:24:19.840 really good

03:24:20.180 question

03:24:20.660 okay so

03:24:23.120 there's this

03:24:25.620 neuroscientist

03:24:26.680 neuropsychologist

03:24:27.560 named

03:24:27.880 L. Conan

03:24:28.380 Goldberg

03:24:29.040 and Goldberg

03:24:30.920 was a student

03:24:31.580 of Alexander

03:24:32.260 Luria

03:24:32.660 and Alexander

03:24:33.820 Luria was a

03:24:34.560 Russian

03:24:34.840 neuropsychologist

03:24:35.900 perhaps the

03:24:37.180 foremost

03:24:37.560 neuropsychologist

03:24:38.460 of the

03:24:39.080 mid to

03:24:40.220 late

03:24:40.440 20th century

03:24:41.280 and he

03:24:42.300 had

03:24:42.680 students

03:24:43.540 Sokolov

03:24:44.180 and Vinogradova

03:24:45.000 who discovered

03:24:46.200 the orienting

03:24:47.620 reflex for

03:24:48.300 example

03:24:48.680 the orienting

03:24:49.220 reflex is

03:24:49.800 the reflex

03:24:50.360 that orients

03:24:50.940 you when

03:24:51.280 something anomalous

03:24:52.180 interferes with

03:24:53.220 your goal

03:24:53.780 directed behavior

03:24:54.540 it's a

03:24:55.060 major discovery

03:24:56.140 like

03:24:56.560 one of

03:24:58.240 the four or

03:24:59.200 five most

03:24:59.660 important discoveries

03:25:00.440 that have

03:25:00.840 ever been

03:25:01.200 made

03:25:01.460 in

03:25:01.920 psychology

03:25:03.760 I would

03:25:04.120 say

03:25:04.260 certainly

03:25:04.560 in

03:25:04.740 neuroscience

03:25:05.160 so

03:25:05.780 Luria

03:25:06.100 was a

03:25:06.440 big

03:25:06.620 deal

03:25:06.900 and

03:25:07.780 he

03:25:08.640 was the

03:25:09.100 first

03:25:09.300 person

03:25:09.600 who

03:25:09.740 really

03:25:09.940 established

03:25:10.480 the

03:25:10.720 functional

03:25:11.080 role

03:25:11.380 of the

03:25:11.640 prefrontal

03:25:12.080 cortex

03:25:12.380 as well

03:25:13.000 so

03:25:13.840 and had

03:25:14.760 a very

03:25:15.100 nice

03:25:15.560 overall

03:25:17.400 view

03:25:17.740 of how

03:25:18.040 the brain

03:25:18.440 functioned

03:25:19.020 his book

03:25:19.460 was written

03:25:19.840 in 1980

03:25:20.460 and it's

03:25:20.940 still

03:25:21.280 there's still

03:25:22.160 lots in it

03:25:22.780 that's really

03:25:23.280 useful

03:25:24.020 which is

03:25:24.420 pretty strange

03:25:24.980 for a science

03:25:25.560 that's advanced

03:25:26.180 that quickly

03:25:26.820 anyways

03:25:27.740 so

03:25:29.180 Goldberg

03:25:29.660 came from

03:25:30.400 a great

03:25:30.720 pedigree

03:25:31.140 I believe

03:25:31.960 Luria's

03:25:32.660 teacher

03:25:34.320 was

03:25:34.760 Pavlov

03:25:35.560 if I

03:25:36.220 remember

03:25:36.520 correctly

03:25:37.040 so

03:25:37.960 anyways

03:25:38.780 Goldberg

03:25:44.960 you know

03:25:45.720 you hear

03:25:46.340 some of you

03:25:47.800 may have

03:25:48.080 heard the

03:25:48.420 idea

03:25:48.720 that

03:25:48.980 the left

03:25:50.280 hemisphere

03:25:50.740 is more

03:25:52.960 linguistic

03:25:53.580 than the right

03:25:54.280 hemisphere

03:25:54.700 is that

03:25:55.120 the left

03:25:55.460 hemisphere

03:25:55.800 is specialized

03:25:56.340 for language

03:25:56.980 and the

03:25:57.680 right hemisphere

03:25:58.280 is specialized

03:25:58.860 for non-verbal

03:26:00.460 imagistic

03:26:01.660 communication

03:26:02.420 the left

03:26:03.240 hemisphere

03:26:03.620 has a

03:26:03.980 pretty

03:26:04.220 well-organized

03:26:06.900 microstructure

03:26:07.680 and the right

03:26:08.100 hemisphere

03:26:08.480 is more

03:26:08.860 diffuse

03:26:09.280 as well

03:26:09.960 and

03:26:11.080 that's true

03:26:13.660 in left-handed

03:26:14.300 males

03:26:14.620 in particular

03:26:15.200 so

03:26:15.500 the circuitry

03:26:16.360 can be switched

03:26:16.880 around

03:26:17.200 a bit

03:26:17.760 but

03:26:17.960 it's okay

03:26:18.820 the modules

03:26:19.360 are basically

03:26:20.180 the same

03:26:20.620 although they

03:26:21.120 can be moved

03:26:21.700 a little bit

03:26:22.200 but Goldberg

03:26:23.580 thought

03:26:23.960 that it isn't

03:26:24.600 language

03:26:25.000 versus non-language

03:26:26.180 it's routine

03:26:27.520 versus novelty

03:26:29.060 and so

03:26:30.260 the left

03:26:30.720 hemisphere

03:26:31.240 and there's

03:26:32.080 a

03:26:32.400 neuropsychologist

03:26:33.640 physician

03:26:34.640 named

03:26:34.980 Ramachandran

03:26:35.760 who's done

03:26:36.260 some very

03:26:36.720 interesting

03:26:37.180 work

03:26:37.660 that's

03:26:40.120 pertinent

03:26:40.640 to this

03:26:40.980 maybe I'll

03:26:41.360 tell you a

03:26:41.800 story about

03:26:42.240 him

03:26:42.520 anyways

03:26:43.640 Goldberg

03:26:44.800 believed

03:26:45.180 that the

03:26:45.680 right

03:26:45.900 hemisphere

03:26:46.520 so you

03:26:49.540 have very

03:26:49.980 old

03:26:50.480 systems

03:26:51.100 underneath

03:26:51.800 both

03:26:52.360 cortical

03:26:53.160 hemispheres

03:26:53.780 that do

03:26:54.600 things like

03:26:55.080 respond to

03:26:55.780 anomaly

03:26:56.360 to the

03:26:56.820 thing that

03:26:57.200 doesn't fit

03:26:57.760 to the

03:26:58.100 predator

03:26:58.440 in the

03:26:59.100 distance

03:26:59.720 some of

03:27:01.020 that's

03:27:01.240 extraordinarily

03:27:01.840 fast

03:27:02.480 so that

03:27:02.880 would be

03:27:03.100 like a

03:27:03.380 snake

03:27:03.640 reflex

03:27:04.020 that can

03:27:04.460 move you

03:27:04.860 away

03:27:05.120 from a

03:27:05.460 snake

03:27:05.760 in less

03:27:06.540 time than

03:27:06.920 it takes

03:27:07.260 the snake

03:27:07.660 to bite

03:27:08.040 and it's

03:27:08.540 really a

03:27:08.860 reflex

03:27:09.120 it doesn't

03:27:09.560 even hit

03:27:09.960 your brain

03:27:10.460 it's really

03:27:11.040 super fast

03:27:11.860 and then

03:27:12.840 there's a

03:27:13.200 defensive

03:27:13.600 crouch

03:27:14.220 that's

03:27:15.500 instantiated

03:27:16.740 higher up

03:27:17.480 in the

03:27:17.680 nervous

03:27:17.900 system

03:27:18.200 but that's

03:27:18.580 still

03:27:18.800 remarkably

03:27:19.580 fast

03:27:20.060 and then

03:27:20.360 there's

03:27:20.620 fear

03:27:20.980 as an

03:27:21.360 emotion

03:27:21.760 and

03:27:22.680 the

03:27:23.340 orientation

03:27:23.760 of

03:27:24.140 attention

03:27:24.560 and then

03:27:25.340 there's

03:27:25.560 the

03:27:25.720 cognitive

03:27:26.060 processing

03:27:26.720 and that

03:27:27.040 all

03:27:27.280 streams

03:27:28.000 out

03:27:28.260 across

03:27:28.640 a

03:27:28.820 time

03:27:29.100 span

03:27:29.500 right

03:27:29.760 and maybe

03:27:30.060 that

03:27:30.260 time

03:27:30.480 span

03:27:30.740 is

03:27:30.900 half

03:27:31.140 a

03:27:31.300 second

03:27:31.620 so

03:27:32.240 and that's

03:27:32.840 really a

03:27:33.180 long time

03:27:33.640 if something

03:27:34.040 is attacking

03:27:34.640 you

03:27:34.900 so

03:27:35.120 you got

03:27:35.700 those

03:27:36.120 initial

03:27:36.820 responses

03:27:37.440 are quite

03:27:37.940 primitive

03:27:38.340 but they're

03:27:38.980 extraordinarily

03:27:39.500 fast

03:27:40.200 all right

03:27:41.380 so

03:27:41.600 there's

03:27:42.020 subcortical

03:27:42.820 structures

03:27:43.300 that

03:27:43.720 orient

03:27:44.420 you

03:27:44.720 towards

03:27:45.040 novelty

03:27:45.460 and

03:27:45.740 prepare

03:27:46.160 you

03:27:46.500 for

03:27:47.160 freezing

03:27:48.720 or for

03:27:49.140 attending

03:27:49.580 and the

03:27:50.500 right hemisphere

03:27:51.120 seems to be

03:27:51.880 dominated

03:27:52.320 by those

03:27:53.000 systems

03:27:53.480 so

03:27:54.160 imagine

03:27:54.520 that

03:27:54.720 what

03:27:54.880 happens

03:27:55.260 is

03:27:55.500 that

03:27:55.780 something

03:27:57.560 threatens

03:27:58.040 you

03:27:58.360 you orient

03:27:59.060 towards

03:27:59.480 it

03:27:59.640 the right

03:28:00.100 hemisphere

03:28:00.500 produces

03:28:01.000 a bunch

03:28:01.340 of images

03:28:01.760 about what

03:28:02.280 it might

03:28:02.580 be

03:28:02.900 so

03:28:03.480 imagine

03:28:03.880 that's

03:28:04.160 what

03:28:04.280 happens

03:28:04.580 when a

03:28:04.880 child

03:28:05.120 is afraid

03:28:05.560 of the

03:28:05.840 dark

03:28:06.160 the child

03:28:07.080 is on

03:28:07.300 the bed

03:28:07.680 they're

03:28:08.140 afraid

03:28:08.360 of the

03:28:08.560 dark

03:28:08.840 they're

03:28:09.300 crouched

03:28:09.680 because

03:28:09.900 they're

03:28:10.040 frozen

03:28:10.380 like a

03:28:10.800 prey

03:28:11.000 animal

03:28:11.340 and

03:28:11.880 their

03:28:12.080 right

03:28:12.400 hemisphere

03:28:12.780 is

03:28:13.020 producing

03:28:13.380 monsters

03:28:13.960 to

03:28:14.340 inhabit

03:28:14.760 the

03:28:15.220 darkness

03:28:16.640 that are

03:28:17.480 the

03:28:17.640 child's

03:28:18.080 hypotheses

03:28:18.820 about

03:28:19.540 what

03:28:19.860 might

03:28:20.140 be

03:28:20.360 out

03:28:20.580 there

03:28:20.900 okay

03:28:21.960 because that's

03:28:23.360 what you

03:28:23.580 want to

03:28:23.840 know

03:28:24.040 right

03:28:24.300 you want

03:28:25.480 to know

03:28:25.680 what's

03:28:25.940 out there

03:28:26.400 and then

03:28:27.300 you want

03:28:27.560 to know

03:28:27.780 what to

03:28:28.200 do

03:28:28.380 about

03:28:28.660 it

03:28:28.880 I can

03:28:29.540 tell you

03:28:29.880 two

03:28:30.120 kids

03:28:30.720 dreams

03:28:31.080 that are

03:28:31.420 sort of

03:28:31.760 relevant

03:28:32.080 to that

03:28:32.540 so

03:28:33.500 when my

03:28:34.600 daughter

03:28:34.840 was about

03:28:35.280 three

03:28:35.740 she came

03:28:36.760 into

03:28:37.080 the bedroom

03:28:39.080 that my

03:28:39.480 wife and

03:28:39.800 I had

03:28:40.180 and she

03:28:41.180 was crying

03:28:41.940 she'd had

03:28:42.320 a nightmare

03:28:42.760 and she

03:28:43.880 said that

03:28:44.420 she saw

03:28:45.460 a stream

03:28:46.180 and there was

03:28:47.260 garbage all

03:28:47.900 over the

03:28:48.260 stream

03:28:48.540 and she

03:28:49.720 didn't like

03:28:50.160 that

03:28:50.480 and so

03:28:51.000 I sat

03:28:51.380 her down

03:28:51.620 I said

03:28:51.920 okay

03:28:52.160 so

03:28:52.420 imagine

03:28:53.300 this

03:28:53.580 stream

03:28:53.900 with the

03:28:54.760 garbage

03:28:55.020 in it

03:28:55.300 now imagine

03:28:55.840 that you're

03:28:56.160 taking the

03:28:56.580 garbage out

03:28:57.040 and throwing

03:28:57.380 it in a

03:28:57.720 garbage bin

03:28:59.020 and so

03:28:59.980 she

03:29:00.220 and I got

03:29:00.820 her to

03:29:01.080 like

03:29:01.300 visualize

03:29:01.760 that

03:29:02.300 because that

03:29:02.780 kind of

03:29:03.060 puts her

03:29:03.360 back in

03:29:03.780 the semi

03:29:04.140 dream

03:29:04.400 state

03:29:04.820 and then

03:29:05.460 she

03:29:05.600 cleaned

03:29:05.940 up

03:29:06.140 the

03:29:06.320 mess

03:29:06.580 and then

03:29:06.860 she

03:29:06.980 could

03:29:07.120 go

03:29:07.300 off

03:29:07.480 to

03:29:07.660 sleep

03:29:07.980 now

03:29:08.500 you

03:29:08.640 could

03:29:09.200 tell

03:29:09.400 the

03:29:09.560 child

03:29:09.760 don't

03:29:10.100 worry

03:29:10.280 about

03:29:10.480 the

03:29:10.640 dream

03:29:10.860 isn't

03:29:11.120 real

03:29:11.440 that's

03:29:12.180 not

03:29:12.360 that's

03:29:12.920 true

03:29:13.220 because

03:29:13.500 it's

03:29:13.700 not

03:29:13.860 real

03:29:14.120 like

03:29:14.360 other

03:29:14.680 daytime

03:29:15.740 things

03:29:16.320 are

03:29:16.500 but

03:29:16.680 it's

03:29:17.140 not

03:29:17.260 like

03:29:17.400 it's

03:29:17.560 not

03:29:17.740 real

03:29:18.180 it's

03:29:18.980 a

03:29:19.100 dream

03:29:19.480 like

03:29:19.960 a

03:29:20.380 dream

03:29:20.580 is

03:29:20.780 real

03:29:21.160 it's

03:29:21.400 just

03:29:21.540 not

03:29:21.700 the

03:29:21.880 same

03:29:22.120 kind

03:29:22.500 of

03:29:22.640 real

03:29:22.900 and

03:29:23.480 so

03:29:23.700 what

03:29:24.540 I

03:29:24.820 did

03:29:25.320 with

03:29:25.520 her

03:29:25.760 was

03:29:26.000 to

03:29:26.320 indicate

03:29:27.080 to

03:29:27.480 her

03:29:27.720 practically

03:29:28.380 that

03:29:29.240 if

03:29:29.480 she

03:29:29.700 saw

03:29:29.940 something

03:29:30.300 anomalous

03:29:30.860 something

03:29:31.300 that

03:29:31.500 was

03:29:31.640 out

03:29:31.820 of

03:29:31.960 place

03:29:32.440 right

03:29:33.020 something

03:29:33.300 that

03:29:33.480 was

03:29:33.600 a

03:29:33.740 mess

03:29:34.080 that

03:29:34.800 it

03:29:34.900 was

03:29:35.020 within

03:29:35.380 her

03:29:35.660 capacity

03:29:36.340 to

03:29:36.640 set

03:29:36.920 it

03:29:37.080 right

03:29:37.500 okay

03:29:38.760 and so

03:29:39.240 okay

03:29:39.560 so

03:29:39.840 now

03:29:40.480 your

03:29:41.220 right

03:29:41.440 hemisphere

03:29:41.800 tells

03:29:42.280 you

03:29:42.480 what

03:29:42.760 monsters

03:29:43.240 might

03:29:43.540 inhabit

03:29:43.960 the

03:29:44.380 darkness

03:29:45.780 now

03:29:46.960 what

03:29:47.160 you

03:29:47.320 have

03:29:47.540 to

03:29:47.660 do

03:29:47.780 is

03:29:47.920 figure

03:29:48.120 out

03:29:48.360 there's

03:29:48.840 two

03:29:49.000 things

03:29:49.260 you

03:29:49.360 have

03:29:49.520 to

03:29:49.620 figure

03:29:49.820 out

03:29:50.020 one

03:29:50.300 is

03:29:50.580 what

03:29:51.760 to

03:29:51.940 do

03:29:52.060 about

03:29:52.280 a

03:29:52.440 given

03:29:52.680 monster

03:29:53.220 and

03:29:55.080 other

03:29:55.260 is

03:29:55.480 to

03:29:55.600 do

03:29:55.720 what

03:29:55.980 about

03:29:56.240 is

03:29:56.720 to

03:29:56.940 figure

03:29:57.200 out

03:29:57.340 what

03:29:57.500 to

03:29:57.640 do

03:29:57.760 about

03:29:58.000 the

03:29:58.200 class

03:29:58.640 of

03:29:58.800 all

03:29:59.000 possible

03:29:59.500 monsters

03:30:00.100 right

03:30:01.680 that's

03:30:02.520 a

03:30:02.600 whole

03:30:02.760 different

03:30:05.660 that level

03:30:06.120 of

03:30:06.260 abstraction

03:30:06.860 right

03:30:07.940 and so

03:30:08.240 what

03:30:08.680 you

03:30:08.840 might

03:30:09.040 do

03:30:09.220 about

03:30:09.460 a

03:30:09.580 particular

03:30:09.960 monster

03:30:10.500 is

03:30:10.880 hide

03:30:11.540 or

03:30:11.760 go

03:30:12.000 out

03:30:12.180 and

03:30:12.340 get

03:30:12.820 rid

03:30:12.980 of

03:30:13.100 it

03:30:13.300 if

03:30:14.360 it was

03:30:14.500 just

03:30:14.680 an

03:30:14.820 actual

03:30:15.180 animal

03:30:15.640 right

03:30:16.060 but

03:30:16.800 that

03:30:16.960 doesn't

03:30:17.220 help

03:30:17.460 because

03:30:17.740 there's

03:30:17.980 all

03:30:18.120 the

03:30:18.240 other

03:30:18.440 potential

03:30:19.020 predators

03:30:19.560 that

03:30:19.760 are

03:30:19.860 still

03:30:20.120 there

03:30:20.440 and

03:30:21.020 so

03:30:21.140 maybe

03:30:21.360 you

03:30:21.480 can

03:30:21.580 go

03:30:21.740 hunt

03:30:21.960 all

03:30:22.120 them

03:30:22.380 down

03:30:22.780 but

03:30:23.240 that

03:30:23.380 doesn't

03:30:23.580 help

03:30:23.780 either

03:30:24.000 because

03:30:24.200 you

03:30:24.360 can't

03:30:24.940 hunt

03:30:25.140 them

03:30:25.280 all

03:30:25.440 down

03:30:25.780 it's

03:30:26.560 not

03:30:26.740 very

03:30:27.280 likely

03:30:27.640 anyways

03:30:27.960 so

03:30:28.780 instead

03:30:29.080 what

03:30:29.320 you

03:30:29.500 have

03:30:29.740 to

03:30:29.860 do

03:30:30.000 is

03:30:30.120 figure

03:30:30.340 out

03:30:30.500 how

03:30:30.600 to

03:30:30.720 configure

03:30:31.100 yourself

03:30:31.600 so

03:30:31.820 that

03:30:31.960 you're

03:30:32.120 in

03:30:32.200 the

03:30:32.300 best

03:30:32.500 possible

03:30:32.920 position

03:30:33.420 to

03:30:33.940 fight

03:30:34.160 off

03:30:34.340 the

03:30:34.480 monsters

03:30:34.800 when

03:30:35.040 they

03:30:35.180 come

03:30:35.500 that's

03:30:36.280 your

03:30:36.400 best

03:30:36.720 bet

03:30:37.060 all

03:30:38.060 right

03:30:38.200 so

03:30:38.400 now

03:30:38.580 people

03:30:38.880 are

03:30:39.040 trying

03:30:39.240 to

03:30:39.360 figure

03:30:39.540 this

03:30:39.780 out

03:30:40.000 forever

03:30:40.480 they're

03:30:41.360 trying

03:30:41.540 to

03:30:41.680 figure

03:30:41.860 out

03:30:42.120 what's

03:30:42.840 the

03:30:42.960 answer

03:30:43.220 to

03:30:43.380 the

03:30:43.500 problem

03:30:43.940 of

03:30:44.680 the

03:30:44.900 class

03:30:45.600 of

03:30:45.760 all

03:30:46.020 possible

03:30:46.520 monsters

03:30:47.100 part

03:30:47.920 of

03:30:48.000 that

03:30:48.180 sacrifice

03:30:48.960 so

03:30:49.640 there

03:30:49.840 are

03:30:50.060 routines

03:30:51.060 for

03:30:51.260 example

03:30:51.680 in

03:30:53.000 Hinduism

03:30:54.240 with

03:30:55.060 the

03:30:55.200 goddess

03:30:55.460 Kelly

03:30:55.840 you

03:30:56.040 make

03:30:56.320 offerings

03:30:56.760 to

03:30:57.000 Kelly

03:30:57.280 who's

03:30:57.560 this

03:30:57.720 devouring

03:30:58.340 goddess

03:30:58.860 and

03:30:59.620 then

03:30:59.860 she

03:31:00.040 turns

03:31:00.340 into

03:31:00.560 her

03:31:00.800 benevolent

03:31:01.340 counterpart

03:31:01.880 and

03:31:02.620 so

03:31:02.760 sacrifice

03:31:03.300 is

03:31:03.640 actually

03:31:04.000 one

03:31:04.280 way

03:31:04.520 that

03:31:04.720 you

03:31:04.880 can

03:31:05.100 tame

03:31:05.440 the

03:31:05.700 monsters

03:31:06.180 if

03:31:07.020 you

03:31:07.340 think

03:31:07.560 about

03:31:07.760 the

03:31:07.920 monster

03:31:08.240 as

03:31:08.500 the

03:31:09.300 set

03:31:09.540 of

03:31:09.700 all

03:31:09.980 negative

03:31:10.620 future

03:31:11.080 potentialities

03:31:12.000 you

03:31:12.420 make

03:31:12.600 the

03:31:12.720 proper

03:31:12.980 sacrifices

03:31:13.540 those

03:31:13.820 monsters

03:31:14.200 stay

03:31:14.500 at

03:31:14.680 bay

03:31:14.920 but

03:31:15.740 then

03:31:15.900 there's

03:31:16.100 heroism

03:31:16.580 as

03:31:16.820 an

03:31:16.940 alternative

03:31:17.360 too

03:31:17.780 which

03:31:18.700 which

03:31:19.280 means

03:31:19.760 the

03:31:20.260 active

03:31:20.620 confrontation

03:31:21.160 of

03:31:21.660 the

03:31:21.820 class

03:31:22.220 of

03:31:22.400 all

03:31:22.580 possible

03:31:23.040 monsters

03:31:23.480 and

03:31:23.680 the

03:31:23.800 building

03:31:24.080 of

03:31:24.280 yourself

03:31:24.660 up

03:31:24.900 into

03:31:25.120 the

03:31:25.300 sort

03:31:25.480 of

03:31:25.580 courageous

03:31:25.880 person

03:31:26.280 that

03:31:26.420 can

03:31:26.540 do

03:31:26.700 that

03:31:26.940 it

03:31:27.700 took

03:31:27.920 a

03:31:28.100 tremendous

03:31:28.580 amount

03:31:28.980 of

03:31:29.140 meditation

03:31:29.980 to

03:31:31.340 transform

03:31:32.340 those

03:31:32.780 images

03:31:33.220 say

03:31:34.160 of

03:31:34.380 the

03:31:34.560 monsters

03:31:35.160 into

03:31:36.620 into

03:31:38.080 or to

03:31:39.660 solve

03:31:40.040 the

03:31:40.280 problem

03:31:40.780 of the

03:31:41.220 class

03:31:41.740 of

03:31:41.900 those

03:31:42.140 monsters

03:31:42.560 so

03:31:42.860 now

03:31:43.240 I'll

03:31:43.400 tell you

03:31:43.660 another

03:31:43.900 child's

03:31:44.360 dream

03:31:44.540 so

03:31:45.520 some

03:31:46.180 of

03:31:46.300 you

03:31:46.420 probably

03:31:46.800 heard

03:31:47.040 this

03:31:47.240 before

03:31:47.580 but

03:31:47.780 it's

03:31:47.960 such

03:31:48.120 a

03:31:48.240 great

03:31:48.460 dream

03:31:48.740 that

03:31:48.920 it's

03:31:49.100 worth

03:31:49.380 telling

03:31:50.640 so

03:31:54.220 I was at

03:31:55.480 my sister-in-law's

03:31:56.340 house once

03:31:56.880 and her son

03:31:57.520 was running

03:31:57.940 around

03:31:58.320 he's about

03:31:59.340 four

03:31:59.780 very precocious

03:32:01.100 very verbal

03:32:01.760 very intelligent

03:32:02.580 running around

03:32:04.720 with a night hat

03:32:05.440 on and a sword

03:32:06.220 so he's engaged

03:32:08.140 in this pretty

03:32:08.740 intense play

03:32:09.580 world

03:32:10.140 and when he goes

03:32:11.300 to sleep

03:32:11.660 he puts the night hat

03:32:12.620 on his pillow

03:32:13.640 and the sword

03:32:14.160 by his pillow

03:32:14.740 and at the same

03:32:15.900 time

03:32:16.260 he's having

03:32:17.400 night terror

03:32:18.480 so he's waking

03:32:19.220 up

03:32:19.500 and had been

03:32:20.260 for a number

03:32:20.720 of weeks

03:32:21.320 Nate waking

03:32:22.480 up screaming

03:32:23.380 and then

03:32:24.300 but he doesn't

03:32:25.140 know why

03:32:25.540 there's

03:32:26.920 some things

03:32:28.000 that aren't

03:32:28.340 going so well

03:32:28.980 in the household

03:32:29.580 and the parents

03:32:30.780 get divorced

03:32:31.440 shortly

03:32:31.880 afterwards

03:32:32.560 okay

03:32:33.000 so that's

03:32:33.500 what's going

03:32:34.960 on underneath

03:32:35.640 right

03:32:36.200 and he's also

03:32:37.760 going to go

03:32:38.140 to kindergarten

03:32:38.760 and so he's

03:32:39.340 about to go

03:32:39.840 into the world

03:32:40.480 and so he's

03:32:41.500 coping with

03:32:42.100 this

03:32:42.420 you know

03:32:43.640 so

03:32:44.500 I'm watching

03:32:46.600 him zoom

03:32:46.940 around as

03:32:47.460 this night

03:32:47.980 and thinking

03:32:48.380 that's pretty

03:32:48.840 cool

03:32:49.120 and that night

03:32:51.620 he woke up

03:32:52.640 and had a

03:32:53.120 and was screaming

03:32:54.000 and so

03:32:54.680 we were all

03:32:55.420 at breakfast

03:32:55.860 the next morning

03:32:56.580 and I said

03:32:58.440 did you dream

03:33:00.100 anything

03:33:00.480 and he got

03:33:01.200 really intense

03:33:02.220 and he said

03:33:03.420 yes

03:33:03.800 I had a dream

03:33:04.640 and I said

03:33:06.040 well what was

03:33:06.500 the dream

03:33:06.880 and he said

03:33:07.340 well

03:33:07.620 I was out

03:33:08.640 on this field

03:33:09.980 and all these

03:33:12.260 like dwarfs

03:33:13.900 came up to me

03:33:14.520 they were only

03:33:14.820 about as high

03:33:15.340 as my knees

03:33:16.120 and they didn't

03:33:16.960 have any arms

03:33:17.960 they had powerful

03:33:19.320 legs

03:33:19.800 and they were

03:33:21.280 covered with

03:33:21.960 like hairy feathers

03:33:23.380 and grease

03:33:24.060 and there was

03:33:24.860 cross carved

03:33:25.740 in the top

03:33:26.200 of their head

03:33:26.760 and they had

03:33:27.700 beaks

03:33:28.160 and whenever

03:33:30.320 he moved anywhere

03:33:31.140 they would jump

03:33:31.780 at him with

03:33:32.260 their beaks

03:33:33.400 and there were

03:33:34.140 lots of them

03:33:34.820 and everyone

03:33:35.540 like just

03:33:36.140 said nothing

03:33:37.420 at breakfast

03:33:38.100 it was like

03:33:38.720 and he was

03:33:41.420 right into

03:33:41.940 this story

03:33:42.620 and so we were

03:33:43.760 all like

03:33:44.140 yeah well

03:33:44.760 that accounts

03:33:46.080 for all the

03:33:46.500 screaming

03:33:46.860 and so

03:33:49.320 and then he said

03:33:50.460 yeah

03:33:50.920 and then in the

03:33:51.500 background

03:33:51.920 there was a

03:33:52.440 dragon

03:33:52.840 and every time

03:33:54.960 the dragon

03:33:55.460 puffed out

03:33:56.280 smoke

03:33:57.360 it would turn

03:33:57.920 into these

03:33:58.540 dwarfs

03:34:00.060 it's like

03:34:01.320 oh man kid

03:34:02.200 you really got

03:34:02.620 a problem

03:34:03.140 there

03:34:03.420 you got

03:34:03.780 you got

03:34:04.440 beat things

03:34:05.260 that are biting

03:34:05.880 you

03:34:06.240 and you can

03:34:07.500 kill them

03:34:08.040 and that's fine

03:34:08.820 but

03:34:09.900 then there's

03:34:10.740 the dragon

03:34:11.200 just puffing out

03:34:11.940 new ones

03:34:12.480 so it's like

03:34:12.960 a hydra problem

03:34:13.980 right

03:34:14.220 the old hydra

03:34:14.920 as the serpent

03:34:15.500 you cut off

03:34:15.960 one head

03:34:16.280 seven more

03:34:16.820 grow

03:34:17.200 it's not a good

03:34:18.280 thing

03:34:18.560 and it's such

03:34:19.600 a cool dream

03:34:20.260 because it

03:34:21.120 really portrayed

03:34:22.420 this class

03:34:23.260 of all possible

03:34:24.180 monsters problem

03:34:25.320 so you've got

03:34:26.260 the specific

03:34:26.900 monsters

03:34:27.460 and that's a

03:34:28.420 problem

03:34:28.780 so you've got

03:34:29.180 to get rid of

03:34:29.600 them

03:34:29.800 but that's not

03:34:30.680 the problem

03:34:31.080 the problem

03:34:31.520 is that there's

03:34:32.260 something in the

03:34:33.560 background

03:34:33.940 that's just

03:34:34.420 generating

03:34:34.920 monsters

03:34:35.360 like mad

03:34:36.000 and so I

03:34:37.220 said to him

03:34:38.000 what do you

03:34:39.440 think you could

03:34:39.980 do about that

03:34:40.800 and that's a

03:34:42.040 that's a loaded

03:34:43.040 question right

03:34:43.880 that's like

03:34:44.340 leading the witness

03:34:45.300 in a trial

03:34:45.860 you don't get

03:34:46.480 to ask a

03:34:47.340 question like

03:34:47.840 that because

03:34:48.320 it implies

03:34:49.400 that it implies

03:34:50.660 the answer

03:34:51.300 what could you

03:34:52.500 do about that

03:34:53.420 is not any

03:34:54.240 different than

03:34:54.880 saying you

03:34:55.560 could do

03:34:56.220 something about

03:34:57.060 that

03:34:57.500 right

03:34:58.240 so I

03:34:59.620 hinted at

03:35:01.020 that as a

03:35:01.620 possibility

03:35:02.220 and his eyes

03:35:03.160 lit up

03:35:03.720 now you

03:35:04.120 remember

03:35:04.400 he's already

03:35:04.900 running around

03:35:05.540 as a knight

03:35:06.160 so he kind of

03:35:07.500 already knew

03:35:08.080 what to do

03:35:08.740 because he had

03:35:09.320 the whole sword

03:35:09.960 and the hat

03:35:10.480 and with that

03:35:11.780 you know that

03:35:12.300 you can go

03:35:12.820 after the dragon

03:35:13.640 he kind of

03:35:14.200 got that

03:35:14.820 and he said

03:35:16.000 I'd get my

03:35:17.100 dad

03:35:17.500 and then I'd

03:35:19.360 jump up on

03:35:20.040 top of the

03:35:20.500 dragon

03:35:20.860 and I'd poke

03:35:21.780 out both of

03:35:22.380 its eyes

03:35:22.740 with my sword

03:35:23.480 and then it'd

03:35:24.500 go right down

03:35:25.180 its throat

03:35:25.740 to the firebox

03:35:27.320 where the fire

03:35:27.900 comes out

03:35:28.360 and I'd carve

03:35:29.140 out a piece

03:35:29.760 of the firebox

03:35:30.680 and then I'd

03:35:31.440 use that as a

03:35:32.140 shield

03:35:32.440 and I thought

03:35:34.080 yes

03:35:34.880 right

03:35:37.780 right

03:35:38.840 man

03:35:39.740 it's so smart

03:35:41.500 because he got

03:35:42.640 the thing instantly

03:35:43.640 he knew that

03:35:44.300 he knew

03:35:45.060 so imagine

03:35:46.020 first of all

03:35:46.560 he thought

03:35:46.920 okay I have to

03:35:47.500 go to the heart

03:35:48.020 of the problem

03:35:48.740 right

03:35:49.420 and really

03:35:50.000 to the heart

03:35:50.540 not to the dragon

03:35:51.540 but right down

03:35:52.620 the damn thing's

03:35:53.460 gullet

03:35:53.840 right to the place

03:35:55.280 where the fire

03:35:55.960 was actually being

03:35:57.000 created

03:35:58.800 because there

03:35:59.900 it was there

03:36:00.480 you could find

03:36:01.100 the shield

03:36:01.700 and that he'd

03:36:02.660 take this thing

03:36:03.300 that was fireproof

03:36:04.160 and make a shield

03:36:04.920 out of it

03:36:05.400 and so that was

03:36:06.300 just dead

03:36:07.740 bloody perfect

03:36:08.680 it was so cool

03:36:09.660 and you think

03:36:10.460 well how could a

03:36:11.080 kid come up

03:36:11.680 with that

03:36:12.120 and there's a

03:36:13.100 bunch of answers

03:36:13.760 I mean one is

03:36:14.500 we know snake

03:36:15.560 fear is innate

03:36:16.260 we know that now

03:36:17.100 there's been

03:36:17.460 recent research

03:36:18.220 that has

03:36:20.200 demonstrated that

03:36:21.120 okay so

03:36:21.640 and we've been

03:36:22.800 preyed on

03:36:23.480 and been predators

03:36:24.260 for a very long

03:36:25.120 period of time

03:36:25.860 so the idea

03:36:26.900 that

03:36:27.260 and I found

03:36:28.520 something else

03:36:29.100 interesting about

03:36:29.920 the brain

03:36:30.360 out about the brain

03:36:32.200 recently too

03:36:32.940 in a book I was

03:36:33.560 reading by

03:36:34.080 Ray Kurzweil

03:36:35.220 called How to

03:36:35.840 Build a Mind

03:36:36.340 I think that's

03:36:36.860 what it was called

03:36:37.380 it was quite a

03:36:37.820 good book

03:36:38.220 so

03:36:39.160 I think it was

03:36:40.840 in that book

03:36:41.440 or it was in a

03:36:42.180 neuroscience paper

03:36:43.000 I was reading

03:36:43.500 doesn't matter

03:36:44.180 but it was in

03:36:45.020 one of those

03:36:45.340 two places

03:36:45.780 so you know

03:36:46.760 that scanning

03:36:48.060 technology has

03:36:49.060 got more and more

03:36:49.700 high resolution

03:36:50.440 over the last

03:36:51.060 few years

03:36:51.600 right

03:36:51.780 it just gets

03:36:52.240 more and more

03:36:52.640 high resolution

03:36:53.300 all the time

03:36:53.900 and so people

03:36:55.000 are now able

03:36:55.620 to look at

03:36:56.220 the microstructures

03:36:57.160 of the brain

03:36:57.900 in a way

03:36:58.600 that hasn't

03:36:59.120 been possible

03:36:59.740 before

03:37:00.140 and so

03:37:00.500 the old idea

03:37:01.500 with the cortex

03:37:02.220 basically was

03:37:03.060 that the cortex

03:37:03.580 was full of

03:37:04.340 a bunch of neurons

03:37:05.440 and then

03:37:06.340 when one neuron

03:37:07.280 and another

03:37:07.760 fired at the same

03:37:08.860 time

03:37:09.140 they would wire

03:37:09.680 together

03:37:10.160 and that's

03:37:11.000 kind of how

03:37:11.540 your brain

03:37:12.160 learned to make

03:37:12.720 connections

03:37:13.220 it's a bit

03:37:14.520 more complicated

03:37:15.160 than that

03:37:15.640 but that will do

03:37:16.280 and then it was

03:37:17.000 found that

03:37:17.420 it wasn't quite

03:37:17.980 that simple

03:37:19.420 because

03:37:19.820 what your cortex

03:37:21.660 is made out of

03:37:22.400 are these

03:37:22.760 columns of

03:37:23.660 neurons

03:37:24.180 that are

03:37:25.060 duplicated

03:37:25.700 sort of like

03:37:26.220 a centipede's

03:37:27.800 legs

03:37:28.100 you know

03:37:28.960 it's very simple

03:37:30.240 genetic code

03:37:30.960 to add another

03:37:31.560 leg

03:37:32.080 set of legs

03:37:32.720 to a centipede

03:37:33.440 it's sort of like

03:37:34.260 that with your brain

03:37:35.000 it's made out of

03:37:35.620 all these columns

03:37:36.320 and the columns

03:37:37.340 are basically

03:37:38.020 already

03:37:38.600 quite wired up

03:37:40.160 and then

03:37:40.780 as you learn

03:37:41.560 the columns

03:37:42.240 wire together

03:37:43.120 okay

03:37:43.980 so there's some

03:37:44.600 pre-existent structure

03:37:45.760 there

03:37:45.980 but there's more

03:37:46.680 pre-existent structure

03:37:47.780 than that was

03:37:48.600 thought

03:37:48.980 so

03:37:49.840 it's

03:37:50.800 it's basically

03:37:51.680 that there are

03:37:52.460 already tracks

03:37:53.660 that link

03:37:54.480 columns together

03:37:56.260 that are in

03:37:57.080 different parts

03:37:57.700 of the brain

03:37:58.280 and the columns

03:37:59.760 can

03:38:00.020 or the columns

03:38:00.780 themselves

03:38:01.180 can send out

03:38:02.080 dendrites

03:38:03.020 to these

03:38:03.660 superhighways

03:38:04.920 which are already

03:38:06.400 there

03:38:06.660 and then the

03:38:07.040 superhighway

03:38:07.680 is there

03:38:08.240 and then it

03:38:08.700 can generate

03:38:09.540 connections

03:38:10.080 to the columns

03:38:11.440 at the end

03:38:12.200 of the superhighway

03:38:12.980 so

03:38:13.180 what that means

03:38:14.080 is that

03:38:14.460 there's a

03:38:15.020 tremendous amount

03:38:15.840 of cortical structure

03:38:16.720 already in place

03:38:17.740 but there's plasticity

03:38:18.980 around that

03:38:19.520 and when I read

03:38:20.120 that I thought

03:38:20.540 well that's part

03:38:21.140 of the source

03:38:21.560 of the archetypes

03:38:22.280 there's already

03:38:22.700 an archetypal

03:38:23.300 structure there

03:38:23.900 that as well

03:38:24.920 as the subcortical

03:38:25.880 structures

03:38:26.380 so you could say

03:38:27.840 that like the kid

03:38:28.940 already had

03:38:29.680 within him

03:38:30.480 not only the

03:38:32.000 capacity to

03:38:32.740 represent

03:38:33.580 not only the

03:38:34.920 monster

03:38:35.360 but the class

03:38:36.260 of all possible

03:38:37.100 monsters

03:38:37.520 and the fact

03:38:38.100 that the problem

03:38:39.020 wasn't monsters

03:38:39.900 the problem

03:38:40.500 was that monsters

03:38:41.280 could continually

03:38:42.120 be generated

03:38:42.960 which is a way

03:38:43.940 worse problem

03:38:44.720 and then the answer

03:38:45.980 to that

03:38:46.260 isn't to kill

03:38:46.820 an individual monster

03:38:47.840 the answer to that

03:38:48.900 is go to the source

03:38:49.960 of the monstrous

03:38:50.920 itself

03:38:51.540 and defeat it

03:38:52.780 so it's absolutely

03:38:54.300 staggering

03:38:55.100 and you could imagine

03:38:55.880 that it would take

03:38:56.480 a tremendous amount

03:38:57.380 of meditative effort

03:38:58.640 for people to have

03:38:59.900 come up with that

03:39:00.640 solution over a very

03:39:01.680 long period of time

03:39:02.800 so

03:39:03.820 now

03:39:05.080 the point of the

03:39:06.660 representation

03:39:07.200 is

03:39:07.900 to formulate

03:39:09.040 a picture

03:39:09.680 of what it is

03:39:10.540 that's the threat

03:39:11.560 so that you can

03:39:12.740 then formulate

03:39:13.740 a general

03:39:14.480 all purpose

03:39:15.040 solution

03:39:15.660 and so

03:39:16.760 there's this image

03:39:18.020 of Kelly

03:39:18.560 which I really like

03:39:19.600 because Kelly

03:39:20.620 is sort of

03:39:21.140 the goddess

03:39:21.620 of the darkness

03:39:22.460 let's say

03:39:23.000 and destruction

03:39:23.560 and so Kelly

03:39:24.320 is

03:39:24.640 she has a

03:39:26.820 headdress

03:39:27.260 of fire

03:39:27.820 her hair is on fire

03:39:29.420 and she has a

03:39:29.860 headdress of skulls

03:39:30.820 and she has hands

03:39:31.600 cut off

03:39:32.460 all around her neck

03:39:33.420 and she has a belt

03:39:34.620 that's often snakes

03:39:35.840 but is sometimes

03:39:36.640 she's sometimes

03:39:38.160 eating the intestines

03:39:39.180 of this guy

03:39:40.000 that she's just

03:39:40.640 given birth to

03:39:41.460 and that she's

03:39:42.200 sitting on

03:39:42.680 and she has

03:39:43.100 eight legs

03:39:43.660 like a spider

03:39:44.340 and she's

03:39:44.820 in a web

03:39:45.660 of fire

03:39:46.220 and so

03:39:46.640 she's a monster

03:39:47.780 in some sense

03:39:48.560 that represents

03:39:49.520 everything

03:39:50.880 that might

03:39:51.620 terrify

03:39:52.220 and devour

03:39:52.880 you

03:39:53.180 and the question

03:39:54.060 is

03:39:54.320 so you come up

03:39:55.400 with that

03:39:55.720 representation

03:39:56.300 as an image

03:39:57.260 to represent

03:39:57.920 the class

03:39:58.600 of all terrifying

03:39:59.460 things

03:40:00.020 and then you have

03:40:00.860 to generate

03:40:01.300 a solution

03:40:02.040 in the face

03:40:03.040 of that class

03:40:03.800 and sacrifice

03:40:04.740 is one of the

03:40:05.500 solutions

03:40:06.000 but that heroic

03:40:07.220 encounter

03:40:07.920 is another one

03:40:09.100 of the solutions

03:40:09.720 and that's the one

03:40:10.520 that he

03:40:10.980 catalyzed

03:40:12.280 now he'd been

03:40:13.180 read lots

03:40:13.740 of books

03:40:14.220 he'd watched

03:40:14.940 lots of Disney

03:40:15.760 movies

03:40:16.220 you know

03:40:16.980 and he'd seen

03:40:18.520 the heroic pattern

03:40:19.700 portrayed many

03:40:20.840 many places

03:40:21.600 and his little brain

03:40:22.680 was working like

03:40:24.060 mad to extract out

03:40:25.800 the essence of that

03:40:26.780 and to embody it

03:40:28.120 and when I asked him

03:40:29.220 that question

03:40:29.780 it just went

03:40:30.380 snap

03:40:31.140 and all those

03:40:32.400 things lined up

03:40:33.180 and his night terrors

03:40:34.520 went away

03:40:35.100 that was it

03:40:36.420 and I followed up

03:40:37.420 with his mum

03:40:37.920 because it was

03:40:38.640 really quite remarkable

03:40:39.540 the whole set

03:40:40.540 of occurrences

03:40:41.160 you know

03:40:42.120 and he didn't have

03:40:42.840 night terrors

03:40:43.380 that night

03:40:43.840 even though he'd

03:40:44.360 been having them

03:40:44.880 nightly

03:40:45.220 and that was

03:40:45.840 the end of them

03:40:46.420 because he'd solved

03:40:47.400 his problem

03:40:48.060 like he needed

03:40:48.880 to be

03:40:49.340 the courageous

03:40:51.040 knight that went

03:40:52.420 after the dragon

03:40:53.140 and so

03:40:54.000 that is what

03:40:54.900 people need to be

03:40:55.780 so

03:40:57.180 I think when we

03:40:58.800 go into

03:40:59.440 solitude

03:41:01.020 we shut off

03:41:02.860 the external

03:41:03.380 stimulation

03:41:04.060 and we let

03:41:05.480 the dreaming

03:41:06.120 part of our

03:41:06.880 mind emerge

03:41:08.140 and that's

03:41:09.160 this

03:41:09.480 non-verbal

03:41:10.960 pattern detector

03:41:12.340 that thinks

03:41:13.220 in images

03:41:13.760 and it's

03:41:15.280 it's

03:41:16.440 the thing

03:41:17.100 that mediates

03:41:17.840 between what

03:41:18.420 we don't understand

03:41:19.240 and what we do

03:41:19.820 understand

03:41:20.280 like if you

03:41:21.000 understand it

03:41:21.480 completely

03:41:21.820 you can say it

03:41:22.620 and you can

03:41:23.040 act it out

03:41:23.600 if you don't

03:41:24.680 understand it

03:41:25.240 you represent it

03:41:26.060 in images

03:41:26.540 and there

03:41:27.000 it's like

03:41:27.760 it's the emotion

03:41:28.840 fear

03:41:29.880 withdrawal

03:41:31.580 paralysis

03:41:32.280 and then that

03:41:33.140 manifests itself

03:41:34.080 in an image

03:41:34.700 of what that

03:41:35.260 might be

03:41:35.880 and that

03:41:37.240 image is the

03:41:37.820 basis for the

03:41:38.680 story

03:41:39.140 and it's the

03:41:39.680 basis for further

03:41:40.560 development of the

03:41:41.360 idea

03:41:41.760 and to go into

03:41:43.740 isolation is to

03:41:44.660 let those images

03:41:45.420 emerge and to

03:41:46.240 dream a little bit

03:41:47.220 and then that

03:41:48.260 moves you

03:41:48.740 that moves you

03:41:50.180 ahead into the

03:41:51.020 future

03:41:51.600 so to use your

03:41:52.900 language

03:41:53.340 that you used

03:41:54.400 before

03:41:54.800 it's

03:41:55.400 it's not

03:41:56.280 enough just

03:41:56.720 to map out

03:41:57.620 the danger

03:41:58.620 that is imminent

03:41:59.600 in front of you

03:42:00.240 but all the

03:42:00.880 potential dangers

03:42:01.880 that you could

03:42:02.440 come up with

03:42:03.080 in abstract form

03:42:04.320 yeah well

03:42:05.460 remember what

03:42:06.300 happens

03:42:06.760 when

03:42:07.760 God throws

03:42:09.120 Adam and Eve

03:42:09.940 out of

03:42:10.360 out of

03:42:11.100 paradise

03:42:11.900 they become aware

03:42:13.360 that they're going

03:42:14.000 to die

03:42:14.560 right

03:42:14.820 the future

03:42:15.480 becomes a

03:42:16.420 problem

03:42:17.040 because you

03:42:18.020 could say

03:42:18.280 the future

03:42:18.740 is the place

03:42:19.340 of all potential

03:42:20.100 monsters

03:42:20.720 right

03:42:21.800 and so just

03:42:22.320 the monster

03:42:22.860 that you have

03:42:23.400 right in front

03:42:23.920 of you

03:42:24.180 it's like

03:42:24.540 yeah well

03:42:24.980 you get rid

03:42:25.400 of that

03:42:25.660 but that

03:42:25.980 doesn't solve

03:42:26.400 your problem

03:42:26.920 does it

03:42:27.420 the problem

03:42:28.300 is how do

03:42:28.840 you exist

03:42:29.480 in a world

03:42:30.180 full of monsters

03:42:31.200 and part of

03:42:32.460 that answer

03:42:32.880 is well

03:42:33.240 you become

03:42:33.660 a monster

03:42:34.140 yourself

03:42:34.740 that's a big

03:42:36.100 part of the

03:42:36.620 answer

03:42:37.000 but it's an

03:42:38.320 incomplete answer

03:42:39.200 because if you're

03:42:39.960 just a monster

03:42:40.680 then you're just

03:42:41.340 as bad as

03:42:41.860 the monsters

03:42:42.420 so you have

03:42:43.640 to be

03:42:44.760 monstrous

03:42:45.600 enough to

03:42:46.240 contend with

03:42:46.840 the monsters

03:42:47.340 but then you

03:42:47.920 have to be

03:42:48.320 civilized enough

03:42:49.060 so that you're

03:42:49.520 not a monster

03:42:50.060 yourself

03:42:50.600 and that's

03:42:51.440 more or less

03:42:52.180 equivalent to

03:42:52.920 the union

03:42:53.700 integration

03:42:54.520 of the shadow

03:42:55.440 so

03:42:56.620 yep

03:42:58.180 yep

03:42:58.720 hi Dr. Peterson

03:43:07.880 I've been wanting

03:43:08.680 to ask you this

03:43:09.460 for a while now

03:43:10.680 since I started

03:43:11.300 watching your

03:43:12.100 lectures

03:43:12.640 after I started

03:43:14.320 reading Nietzsche's

03:43:15.700 Beyond Good and Evil

03:43:16.640 I came upon

03:43:18.260 a paragraph

03:43:19.060 in his

03:43:20.100 chapter on

03:43:21.680 scholars

03:43:22.120 that really

03:43:22.940 bothered me

03:43:24.020 and it actually

03:43:24.700 bothers me to this day

03:43:25.760 he talked about

03:43:27.340 this kind of person

03:43:28.260 like they were

03:43:28.900 just a mirror

03:43:29.840 like they stretched

03:43:31.740 he said every part

03:43:32.840 of their skin

03:43:33.460 basically to allow

03:43:34.520 every new piece

03:43:35.800 of information

03:43:36.400 that they took

03:43:37.200 on

03:43:38.140 and that all

03:43:39.120 they ever were

03:43:39.740 was just an

03:43:40.280 instrument

03:43:40.680 they were just

03:43:41.200 a mirror

03:43:41.680 reflecting what

03:43:43.000 they had learned

03:43:43.720 never actually

03:43:44.640 having generated

03:43:45.960 anything on their

03:43:46.680 own

03:43:46.880 and it's

03:43:47.240 bothered me

03:43:48.220 because I feel

03:43:49.040 like in a way

03:43:49.600 it's impacted

03:43:52.580 my identity

03:43:53.240 a lot

03:43:53.580 because I don't

03:43:54.400 know

03:43:54.520 how are you

03:43:54.960 supposed to

03:43:55.520 create something

03:43:56.940 you know

03:43:57.620 okay well that's

03:43:58.880 okay that's

03:43:59.780 a really good

03:44:00.180 question

03:44:00.660 I mean

03:44:01.040 Nietzsche is

03:44:02.400 often classed

03:44:03.140 with the

03:44:03.360 existentialists

03:44:04.260 right

03:44:04.500 and so

03:44:05.320 one of the

03:44:05.920 tenets of

03:44:06.440 existentialism

03:44:07.220 there's two

03:44:07.660 real tenets

03:44:08.360 of existentialism

03:44:09.420 there's more

03:44:10.760 but obviously

03:44:11.740 we're oversimplifying

03:44:12.780 but one is

03:44:14.040 that life

03:44:14.680 is a problem

03:44:15.380 it isn't because

03:44:16.740 there's something

03:44:17.240 wrong with you

03:44:18.140 it's that life

03:44:19.860 is a problem

03:44:20.520 and so that's

03:44:21.620 often contrasted

03:44:22.680 with the

03:44:23.000 Freudian view

03:44:23.760 which is that

03:44:24.840 if you have a

03:44:25.540 problem it's

03:44:26.000 because something

03:44:26.620 went wrong

03:44:27.720 during your

03:44:28.200 development

03:44:28.700 the existentialist

03:44:30.040 said no no

03:44:30.640 it's like

03:44:31.600 life is a

03:44:33.100 problem

03:44:33.440 make no mistake

03:44:34.220 about it

03:44:34.760 and that

03:44:36.020 the purpose

03:44:45.240 of

03:44:45.560 the purpose

03:44:47.980 of scholarship

03:44:48.640 is in some

03:44:49.400 sense to

03:44:49.880 solve that

03:44:50.500 problem

03:44:51.000 and so

03:44:52.680 for Nietzsche

03:44:53.760 like he said

03:44:54.440 all truths

03:44:55.000 are bloody

03:44:55.440 truths to

03:44:56.000 me

03:44:56.240 and what he

03:44:57.360 meant by that

03:44:57.980 was that

03:44:58.580 if an idea

03:44:59.860 didn't incarnate

03:45:01.420 itself in you

03:45:02.320 and transform

03:45:03.460 your perceptions

03:45:04.260 and your

03:45:04.700 actions

03:45:05.200 then you were

03:45:06.220 merely possessed

03:45:06.860 by the idea

03:45:07.660 you were merely

03:45:08.180 a spokesperson

03:45:09.000 for the idea

03:45:10.020 or you could

03:45:10.840 say that the

03:45:11.360 idea possessed

03:45:12.140 you

03:45:12.360 you're a puppet

03:45:13.300 for the idea

03:45:14.080 it's not

03:45:15.420 you

03:45:15.920 it's the idea

03:45:17.340 is in you

03:45:17.860 and it has

03:45:18.400 you

03:45:18.740 you haven't

03:45:20.000 taken the idea

03:45:20.660 and incorporated

03:45:21.540 it with you

03:45:22.160 and made it

03:45:22.600 part of your

03:45:23.120 life

03:45:23.580 and so

03:45:24.640 there's a

03:45:25.160 romanticism

03:45:25.920 that's associated

03:45:26.680 with that

03:45:27.160 right

03:45:27.360 that's the

03:45:27.800 passionate

03:45:28.280 scholar

03:45:28.820 the person

03:45:29.460 for whom

03:45:30.200 ideas are

03:45:30.760 not merely

03:45:31.380 they're not

03:45:33.920 merely

03:45:34.300 what

03:45:34.600 would you

03:45:35.500 call

03:45:35.840 abstracted

03:45:37.120 representations

03:45:37.840 that can

03:45:38.680 be

03:45:38.960 tossed

03:45:39.780 about

03:45:40.160 as if

03:45:40.860 they're

03:45:41.200 commodities

03:45:42.340 they're

03:45:43.560 they're

03:45:43.960 they're

03:45:44.560 more like

03:45:45.000 personalities

03:45:46.100 that might

03:45:46.800 be another

03:45:47.160 way

03:45:47.440 of thinking

03:45:47.960 about it

03:45:48.540 and so

03:45:49.360 if you're

03:45:51.520 if

03:45:52.200 those ideas

03:45:53.040 are compelling

03:45:53.680 then you

03:45:54.460 don't

03:45:54.760 like one

03:45:56.980 thing I

03:45:57.340 learned

03:45:57.660 a long

03:45:58.100 time ago

03:45:58.580 and I

03:45:59.340 think this

03:45:59.680 is probably

03:46:00.180 relevant

03:46:00.680 I know

03:46:01.680 when I

03:46:01.920 was a

03:46:02.200 kid

03:46:02.360 I

03:46:02.480 liked

03:46:02.680 to argue

03:46:03.140 and I

03:46:04.300 liked to

03:46:04.660 win

03:46:04.840 arguments

03:46:05.520 or

03:46:05.780 lose

03:46:07.020 them

03:46:07.280 although I

03:46:07.780 like

03:46:07.960 winning

03:46:08.180 them

03:46:08.340 a lot

03:46:08.580 better

03:46:08.880 but I

03:46:09.580 didn't

03:46:09.820 really

03:46:10.060 mind

03:46:10.740 so

03:46:11.020 much

03:46:11.240 what

03:46:11.420 the

03:46:11.580 content

03:46:11.940 of

03:46:12.220 the

03:46:12.340 argument

03:46:12.680 was

03:46:13.100 you know

03:46:14.120 I

03:46:14.520 could

03:46:14.920 engage

03:46:15.380 in it

03:46:15.700 like a

03:46:16.400 sparring

03:46:16.960 match

03:46:17.860 and it

03:46:18.100 was in

03:46:18.480 some

03:46:18.700 sense

03:46:18.960 to

03:46:19.140 establish

03:46:19.600 dominance

03:46:20.140 right

03:46:20.480 to

03:46:20.620 establish

03:46:20.980 intellectual

03:46:21.500 dominance

03:46:21.860 I

03:46:22.300 quit

03:46:22.500 doing

03:46:22.760 that

03:46:22.940 when I

03:46:23.180 was

03:46:23.320 in

03:46:23.420 my

03:46:23.560 mid

03:46:23.760 twenties

03:46:24.220 because

03:46:25.220 I

03:46:26.400 thought

03:46:26.740 that

03:46:26.940 that

03:46:27.920 was

03:46:28.080 too

03:46:28.280 shallow

03:46:28.740 an

03:46:28.940 approach

03:46:29.400 to

03:46:29.600 the

03:46:29.760 ideas

03:46:30.220 they

03:46:30.480 they're

03:46:31.340 not

03:46:31.620 commodities

03:46:32.540 of

03:46:34.000 that

03:46:34.260 sort

03:46:34.640 they have

03:46:36.580 tendrils

03:46:37.280 that reach

03:46:37.900 down

03:46:38.280 into the

03:46:38.740 living

03:46:39.060 that's

03:46:39.440 the

03:46:39.580 right

03:46:39.740 way

03:46:39.900 to

03:46:40.040 think

03:46:40.220 about

03:46:40.480 it

03:46:40.700 and so

03:46:41.440 Nietzsche's

03:46:41.980 criticism

03:46:42.520 of

03:46:42.760 scholars

03:46:43.160 and he

03:46:43.480 did

03:46:43.660 this

03:46:43.840 a lot

03:46:44.300 was that

03:46:45.180 they were

03:46:46.240 bloodless

03:46:46.880 you know

03:46:47.500 they didn't

03:46:48.200 they were

03:46:48.980 full

03:46:49.240 of

03:46:49.400 performative

03:46:50.060 contradictions

03:46:50.800 that's

03:46:51.120 another

03:46:51.340 way

03:46:51.520 of

03:46:51.660 thinking

03:46:51.880 about

03:46:52.100 they'd

03:46:52.400 say

03:46:52.560 one

03:46:52.800 thing

03:46:53.000 and

03:46:53.160 do

03:46:53.280 another

03:46:53.580 because

03:46:53.960 their

03:46:54.500 intellect

03:46:54.840 was

03:46:55.100 completely

03:46:55.460 dissociated

03:46:56.260 from

03:46:56.480 their

03:46:56.700 actions

03:46:57.760 and he

03:46:59.220 thought

03:47:00.300 that was

03:47:00.680 a very

03:47:00.940 bad

03:47:01.300 idea

03:47:02.060 and

03:47:02.700 I

03:47:03.240 think

03:47:03.480 that

03:47:03.700 that's

03:47:04.100 a good

03:47:04.740 criticism

03:47:05.240 I

03:47:05.760 think

03:47:05.900 it

03:47:06.020 is

03:47:06.240 a

03:47:06.360 bad

03:47:06.560 idea

03:47:06.760 I

03:47:06.900 also

03:47:07.060 think

03:47:07.260 it

03:47:07.360 makes

03:47:07.560 for

03:47:07.680 an

03:47:07.780 extraordinarily

03:47:08.340 boring

03:47:09.040 lecturer

03:47:09.840 you know

03:47:10.720 because

03:47:10.940 you can

03:47:11.240 tell

03:47:11.580 if

03:47:11.780 you're

03:47:11.940 listening

03:47:12.200 to

03:47:12.420 someone

03:47:12.720 whether

03:47:13.280 the

03:47:13.500 ideas

03:47:13.940 that

03:47:14.200 you're

03:47:14.360 hearing

03:47:14.640 are

03:47:14.840 merely

03:47:15.140 being

03:47:15.480 passed

03:47:15.920 through

03:47:16.280 the

03:47:16.500 person

03:47:16.900 as if

03:47:17.580 they're

03:47:17.740 being

03:47:17.960 memorized

03:47:18.380 say

03:47:19.000 or

03:47:19.820 whether

03:47:20.080 they're

03:47:20.360 part

03:47:20.620 of

03:47:20.760 the

03:47:20.880 dynamic

03:47:21.320 core

03:47:21.720 of

03:47:21.920 the

03:47:22.060 person

03:47:22.440 and

03:47:23.280 if

03:47:23.920 they're

03:47:24.080 part

03:47:24.280 of

03:47:24.380 the

03:47:24.500 dynamic

03:47:24.860 core

03:47:25.180 of

03:47:25.320 the

03:47:25.420 person

03:47:25.700 then

03:47:25.920 they're

03:47:26.120 almost

03:47:26.480 always

03:47:26.940 engaging

03:47:27.520 and

03:47:27.780 gripping

03:47:28.140 and so

03:47:29.320 he

03:47:29.980 wasn't

03:47:30.260 a fan

03:47:30.620 of

03:47:30.780 bloodless

03:47:31.220 scholars

03:47:31.640 and I

03:47:32.040 think

03:47:32.220 that's

03:47:32.520 correct

03:47:32.840 because

03:47:33.160 one

03:47:33.380 of

03:47:33.500 the

03:47:33.620 things

03:47:33.880 that

03:47:34.060 I

03:47:34.200 see

03:47:34.520 it's

03:47:36.640 not

03:47:36.860 a

03:47:36.980 good

03:47:37.100 idea

03:47:37.400 to

03:47:37.560 have

03:47:37.760 ideas

03:47:38.120 possess

03:47:38.440 you

03:47:38.880 unless

03:47:41.080 you know

03:47:41.420 what the

03:47:41.680 ideas

03:47:42.000 are up

03:47:42.400 to

03:47:42.580 and

03:47:42.800 lots

03:47:43.860 of

03:47:44.020 people

03:47:44.340 are

03:47:45.080 possessed

03:47:45.520 by

03:47:45.760 ideas

03:47:46.160 rather

03:47:46.520 than

03:47:46.780 possessing

03:47:47.280 them

03:47:47.400 and

03:47:47.520 what

03:47:47.820 that

03:47:48.040 means

03:47:48.300 is

03:47:48.460 they

03:47:48.620 haven't

03:47:48.940 taken

03:47:49.260 the

03:47:49.480 ideas

03:47:49.820 and

03:47:50.020 integrated

03:47:50.660 them

03:47:50.920 into

03:47:51.180 their

03:47:51.380 own

03:47:51.620 being

03:47:52.080 they

03:47:52.960 haven't

03:47:53.380 it's

03:47:54.100 like

03:47:54.260 an

03:47:54.380 incarnation

03:47:55.040 in

03:47:55.540 a

03:47:55.700 sense

03:47:55.920 they

03:47:56.120 haven't

03:47:56.520 incarnated

03:47:57.240 the

03:47:57.440 ideas

03:47:57.880 in

03:47:58.280 embodied

03:47:59.320 form

03:47:59.940 and

03:48:01.140 so

03:48:01.740 they're

03:48:01.940 incomplete

03:48:02.560 you know

03:48:03.660 Nietzsche

03:48:04.020 also

03:48:04.520 thus

03:48:05.280 spake

03:48:05.540 Zarathustra

03:48:06.280 when

03:48:06.480 Zarathustra

03:48:07.040 comes

03:48:07.280 down

03:48:07.480 the

03:48:07.620 mountain

03:48:07.900 he

03:48:08.580 sees

03:48:08.800 a

03:48:08.920 bunch

03:48:09.100 of

03:48:09.240 people

03:48:09.500 gathered

03:48:09.920 around

03:48:10.360 a

03:48:10.800 famous

03:48:11.220 individual

03:48:11.740 I

03:48:11.960 think

03:48:12.140 maybe

03:48:12.360 a

03:48:12.540 scholar

03:48:12.800 but

03:48:13.040 it

03:48:13.160 doesn't

03:48:13.340 really

03:48:13.500 matter

03:48:13.760 and

03:48:14.220 when

03:48:14.380 Zarathustra

03:48:15.200 goes

03:48:15.480 and

03:48:15.680 looks

03:48:16.000 at

03:48:16.320 the

03:48:16.440 person

03:48:16.700 all

03:48:16.860 he

03:48:16.980 sees

03:48:17.180 is

03:48:17.280 a

03:48:17.380 little

03:48:17.520 tiny

03:48:17.780 midget

03:48:18.080 with

03:48:18.240 a

03:48:18.380 gigantic

03:48:18.880 ear

03:48:19.380 and

03:48:20.440 so

03:48:20.620 he's

03:48:20.860 a

03:48:20.960 hyper

03:48:21.220 specialist

03:48:21.800 right

03:48:22.240 and

03:48:22.700 so

03:48:22.820 he

03:48:22.900 has

03:48:23.000 a

03:48:23.120 pretty

03:48:23.280 impressive

03:48:23.700 ear

03:48:24.060 but

03:48:24.360 he's

03:48:24.880 only

03:48:25.060 this

03:48:25.300 big

03:48:25.700 and

03:48:26.400 that

03:48:26.580 was

03:48:26.740 Nietzsche's

03:48:27.300 imagistic

03:48:28.040 commentary

03:48:28.520 on the

03:48:29.040 danger

03:48:29.320 of

03:48:29.500 hyper

03:48:29.740 specialization

03:48:30.600 and

03:48:31.360 also

03:48:31.600 on the

03:48:31.900 danger

03:48:32.200 of

03:48:32.340 adulation

03:48:32.940 for

03:48:33.220 hyper

03:48:33.500 specialization

03:48:34.360 and

03:48:35.180 because

03:48:35.980 he thought

03:48:36.300 about it

03:48:36.620 as a

03:48:36.840 kind

03:48:37.040 of

03:48:37.160 deformity

03:48:37.860 now

03:48:38.940 Nietzsche

03:48:39.240 was a

03:48:39.520 pretty

03:48:39.660 harsh

03:48:39.940 guy

03:48:40.260 but

03:48:40.540 he did

03:48:44.720 address

03:48:45.080 the

03:48:45.280 issue

03:48:45.580 of

03:48:45.760 the

03:48:45.900 relationship

03:48:46.360 between

03:48:46.940 intellectual

03:48:48.100 knowledge

03:48:48.640 and

03:48:48.900 action

03:48:49.860 because

03:48:50.500 for

03:48:50.760 Nietzsche

03:48:51.060 those

03:48:51.600 things

03:48:51.820 are

03:48:51.960 not

03:48:52.240 to

03:48:52.420 be

03:48:52.600 separated

03:48:53.180 in

03:48:53.800 some

03:48:54.020 sense

03:48:54.440 so

03:48:55.500 yeah

03:48:56.940 so

03:48:57.120 maybe

03:48:57.440 I don't

03:48:57.960 know

03:48:58.100 why

03:48:58.320 maybe

03:48:59.220 it

03:48:59.420 bothered

03:48:59.760 you

03:49:00.100 like

03:49:01.780 it's

03:49:01.920 hard

03:49:02.060 to

03:49:02.200 say

03:49:02.360 why

03:49:02.520 it

03:49:02.660 bothered

03:49:02.900 you

03:49:03.080 it

03:49:03.240 might

03:49:03.860 have

03:49:03.980 bothered

03:49:04.200 you

03:49:04.380 because

03:49:04.740 it

03:49:05.280 sort

03:49:05.460 of

03:49:05.580 undermined

03:49:06.080 the

03:49:06.240 idea

03:49:06.520 of

03:49:06.680 scholar

03:49:07.140 but

03:49:07.740 the

03:49:07.840 other

03:49:08.000 possibility

03:49:08.540 and

03:49:08.720 this

03:49:08.880 isn't

03:49:09.100 an

03:49:09.240 accusation

03:49:09.880 because

03:49:10.140 obviously

03:49:10.540 I

03:49:10.700 don't

03:49:10.820 know

03:49:10.940 anything

03:49:11.160 about

03:49:11.440 you

03:49:11.580 but

03:49:11.760 it

03:49:12.260 might

03:49:12.460 also

03:49:12.720 be

03:49:12.920 that

03:49:13.160 it

03:49:13.420 struck

03:49:13.740 a

03:49:14.000 chord

03:49:14.380 you

03:49:14.600 know

03:49:14.800 and

03:49:15.660 that

03:49:15.800 maybe

03:49:16.060 you

03:49:16.260 were

03:49:16.400 doubtful

03:49:17.120 or

03:49:17.620 questioning

03:49:18.240 how

03:49:18.980 tightly

03:49:19.580 associated

03:49:21.400 your

03:49:21.900 intellectual

03:49:23.600 endeavor

03:49:25.240 was

03:49:25.780 with

03:49:26.500 your

03:49:26.700 actual

03:49:27.220 character

03:49:28.060 and

03:49:28.360 your

03:49:28.560 practice

03:49:29.160 so

03:49:30.080 that's

03:49:30.420 another

03:49:30.620 possibility

03:49:31.200 I

03:49:31.400 mean

03:49:31.500 that's

03:49:31.720 a

03:49:31.820 really

03:49:31.940 good

03:49:32.160 thing

03:49:32.340 to

03:49:32.480 think

03:49:32.660 about

03:49:32.860 because

03:49:33.120 generally

03:49:33.500 speaking

03:49:34.020 that

03:49:34.600 integration

03:49:35.120 is

03:49:35.400 very

03:49:35.960 much

03:49:36.240 lacking

03:49:36.660 people

03:49:37.400 are

03:49:37.580 a

03:49:37.680 lot

03:49:37.820 smarter

03:49:38.340 and

03:49:38.980 fluid

03:49:39.400 with

03:49:39.640 their

03:49:39.780 ideas

03:49:40.140 than

03:49:40.380 they

03:49:40.580 are

03:49:40.920 ethical

03:49:41.540 and

03:49:41.940 consistent

03:49:42.640 and

03:49:43.560 characterized

03:49:44.700 by

03:49:45.080 integrity

03:49:45.620 so

03:49:46.600 yeah

03:49:47.980 applause

03:49:49.540 applause

03:49:51.540 applause

03:49:52.540 applause

03:49:53.540 applause

03:49:54.540 applause

03:49:55.540 applause

03:49:56.540 Hey

03:49:58.180 so last

03:49:59.340 week

03:49:59.540 you

03:49:59.660 talked

03:49:59.960 about

03:50:00.300 how

03:50:00.520 you

03:50:00.680 hated

03:50:00.980 people

03:50:01.220 asking

03:50:01.500 you

03:50:01.920 if

03:50:02.180 you

03:50:02.280 believe

03:50:02.460 in

03:50:02.600 God

03:50:02.880 or

03:50:03.260 do

03:50:03.400 you

03:50:03.460 believe

03:50:03.620 in

03:50:03.720 miracles

03:50:04.040 or

03:50:04.340 you

03:50:04.480 dislike

03:50:04.760 those

03:50:04.940 questions

03:50:05.240 at

03:50:05.400 least

03:50:05.560 but

03:50:06.040 you

03:50:06.120 also

03:50:06.340 talked

03:50:07.120 about

03:50:07.320 how

03:50:07.800 and

03:50:08.320 I

03:50:08.400 won't

03:50:08.480 put

03:50:08.600 words

03:50:08.760 in

03:50:08.820 your

03:50:08.880 mouth

03:50:09.020 but

03:50:09.140 I

03:50:09.220 think

03:50:09.360 you

03:50:09.440 said

03:50:09.560 something

03:50:09.780 about

03:50:10.140 the

03:50:10.720 idea

03:50:10.940 of

03:50:11.380 an

03:50:11.480 empirical

03:50:11.860 evidence

03:50:12.360 for

03:50:12.820 religious

03:50:13.220 experiences

03:50:13.880 or

03:50:14.200 spiritual

03:50:14.600 experiences

03:50:15.120 and I

03:50:15.780 wonder

03:50:15.920 how

03:50:16.300 those

03:50:16.540 two

03:50:16.800 ideas

03:50:17.440 can

03:50:18.680 a

03:50:18.940 spiritual

03:50:19.200 existence

03:50:19.640 or

03:50:20.020 can

03:50:20.540 a

03:50:20.720 spiritual

03:50:21.040 experience

03:50:21.560 exist

03:50:21.900 without

03:50:22.140 God

03:50:22.660 or

03:50:23.040 how

03:50:23.280 do

03:50:23.400 I

03:50:23.620 had

03:50:24.040 trouble

03:50:24.420 reconciling

03:50:24.700 who

03:50:24.860 who

03:50:24.900 know

03:50:25.360 who

03:50:26.060 who

03:50:26.360 knows

03:50:26.840 who

03:50:26.860 knows

03:50:26.880 you

03:50:27.620 know

03:50:27.740 I

03:50:27.920 don't

03:50:28.140 know

03:50:28.320 what

03:50:28.560 to

03:50:29.400 make

03:50:29.660 of

03:50:29.800 that

03:50:29.980 I

03:50:30.120 mean

03:50:30.260 you

03:50:30.400 could

03:50:30.620 it

03:50:30.800 depends

03:50:31.160 on

03:50:31.420 what

03:50:31.840 you're

03:50:32.060 willing

03:50:32.240 to

03:50:32.420 accept

03:50:32.780 as

03:50:33.020 proof

03:50:33.480 I

03:50:33.700 suppose

03:50:34.080 that's

03:50:35.240 where

03:50:35.360 things

03:50:35.660 get

03:50:35.880 tricky

03:50:36.280 you

03:50:37.000 know

03:50:37.140 if

03:50:37.380 you

03:50:37.540 have

03:50:37.760 to

03:50:37.940 demonstrate

03:50:38.460 the

03:50:38.820 existence

03:50:39.280 of

03:50:39.640 God

03:50:39.960 objectively

03:50:40.680 then

03:50:41.040 subjective

03:50:41.660 experiences

03:50:42.420 of the

03:50:42.820 transcendent

03:50:43.560 are

03:50:43.760 irrelevant

03:50:44.240 right

03:50:45.500 but

03:50:46.320 and

03:50:47.020 that's a

03:50:48.060 perfectly

03:50:48.340 reasonable

03:50:48.840 standpoint

03:50:49.320 if

03:50:49.760 your

03:50:49.980 initial

03:50:50.360 presupposition

03:50:51.120 is

03:50:51.480 the

03:50:54.700 that

03:50:54.820 can

03:50:54.940 be

03:50:55.080 demonstrated

03:50:55.580 objectively

03:50:56.260 and

03:50:57.100 I'm

03:50:57.260 not

03:50:57.460 putting

03:50:57.760 that

03:50:57.980 down

03:50:58.320 like

03:50:58.580 that's

03:50:59.200 a

03:50:59.320 powerful

03:50:59.760 methodology

03:51:00.540 our

03:51:00.900 technology

03:51:01.520 is

03:51:01.760 basically

03:51:02.120 dependent

03:51:02.620 on

03:51:02.980 the

03:51:03.380 acceptance

03:51:03.920 at least

03:51:04.540 the

03:51:04.760 partial

03:51:05.100 acceptance

03:51:05.620 of

03:51:05.900 those

03:51:06.120 axioms

03:51:06.700 but

03:51:07.560 I

03:51:07.820 also

03:51:08.100 think

03:51:08.420 that

03:51:08.660 it's

03:51:09.460 difficult

03:51:09.900 for

03:51:11.320 me

03:51:11.740 to

03:51:12.620 deny

03:51:13.880 the

03:51:14.200 existence

03:51:14.700 of

03:51:15.060 these

03:51:15.300 patterns

03:51:15.860 of

03:51:16.120 thinking

03:51:16.560 that

03:51:16.880 seem

03:51:17.080 to

03:51:17.260 exist

03:51:17.600 cross

03:51:17.940 culturally

03:51:18.360 like

03:51:19.620 the

03:51:19.800 existence

03:51:20.200 of

03:51:20.480 the

03:51:20.600 representation

03:51:21.080 of

03:51:21.500 the

03:51:21.640 dragon

03:51:22.000 for

03:51:22.260 example

03:51:22.720 especially

03:51:23.720 given

03:51:24.620 that

03:51:24.800 I

03:51:24.960 can

03:51:25.120 see

03:51:25.320 an

03:51:25.460 evolutionary

03:51:26.000 rationale

03:51:26.620 for

03:51:27.080 the

03:51:27.260 emergence

03:51:27.640 of

03:51:27.920 these

03:51:28.100 representations

03:51:28.900 so

03:51:30.360 and then

03:51:31.000 there's

03:51:31.240 also

03:51:31.560 the

03:51:31.920 indisputable

03:51:33.700 fact

03:51:34.200 that

03:51:34.560 religious

03:51:35.360 experiences

03:51:36.080 are

03:51:36.420 accessible

03:51:37.080 to

03:51:37.440 people

03:51:37.840 through

03:51:39.480 a

03:51:39.640 number

03:51:39.880 of

03:51:40.120 different

03:51:40.420 avenues

03:51:41.080 now

03:51:42.000 and

03:51:42.520 one

03:51:42.880 of

03:51:42.980 the

03:51:43.100 things

03:51:43.300 I

03:51:43.460 mentioned

03:51:43.900 when

03:51:44.880 I

03:51:45.000 discussed

03:51:45.340 this

03:51:45.560 before

03:51:45.900 is

03:51:46.100 well

03:51:46.260 you

03:51:46.400 could

03:51:46.580 say

03:51:46.800 well

03:51:47.000 those

03:51:47.300 are

03:51:47.440 no

03:51:47.640 different

03:51:48.040 than

03:51:48.400 experiences

03:51:49.800 of

03:51:50.100 psychopathology

03:51:51.140 but

03:51:51.880 they

03:51:52.080 are

03:51:52.300 different

03:51:52.720 because

03:51:53.040 the

03:51:53.240 experiences

03:51:53.720 of

03:51:53.960 psychopathology

03:51:54.860 damage

03:51:55.580 people

03:51:56.100 whereas

03:51:57.020 the

03:51:57.240 evidence

03:51:57.660 is

03:51:57.900 that

03:51:58.080 the

03:51:58.260 transcendent

03:51:58.980 experiences

03:51:59.600 actually

03:52:00.080 help

03:52:00.460 people

03:52:00.900 so

03:52:01.600 unless

03:52:01.960 you're

03:52:02.980 willing

03:52:03.240 to say

03:52:03.640 well

03:52:03.840 there

03:52:03.980 are

03:52:04.100 some

03:52:04.320 forms

03:52:04.680 of

03:52:04.820 psychopathological

03:52:05.800 experience

03:52:06.280 that actually

03:52:06.820 facilitate

03:52:07.400 health

03:52:07.980 which

03:52:08.460 is

03:52:09.220 a

03:52:09.740 possibility

03:52:10.260 but

03:52:10.580 you know

03:52:10.820 I think

03:52:11.320 you're

03:52:11.600 pushing

03:52:12.400 your hypothesis

03:52:13.660 at that

03:52:14.440 point

03:52:14.780 would

03:52:15.100 would

03:52:15.120 it

03:52:15.220 hurt

03:52:15.380 to

03:52:15.540 define

03:52:15.900 what

03:52:16.180 a

03:52:16.300 religious

03:52:16.600 experience

03:52:17.060 is

03:52:17.400 in

03:52:17.480 this

03:52:17.620 case

03:52:17.860 then

03:52:18.080 because

03:52:18.260 I

03:52:18.360 feel

03:52:18.640 like

03:52:18.800 the

03:52:19.680 semantics

03:52:19.980 like

03:52:20.220 I'm

03:52:20.540 not

03:52:20.700 sure

03:52:20.920 if

03:52:21.060 what

03:52:21.280 you're

03:52:21.440 saying

03:52:21.680 about

03:52:21.840 a

03:52:21.940 religious

03:52:22.180 experience

03:52:22.660 is

03:52:22.960 what

03:52:23.120 I'm

03:52:23.540 understanding

03:52:24.140 well

03:52:25.640 generally

03:52:26.140 a

03:52:26.360 religious

03:52:26.680 experience

03:52:27.260 is

03:52:27.620 something

03:52:27.920 like

03:52:28.340 an

03:52:29.480 experience

03:52:29.960 of

03:52:30.180 the

03:52:30.340 renewal

03:52:31.260 of

03:52:31.540 the

03:52:31.700 world

03:52:32.040 that

03:52:32.320 might

03:52:32.500 be

03:52:32.660 one

03:52:32.880 way

03:52:33.120 of

03:52:33.300 thinking

03:52:33.820 about

03:52:34.140 it

03:52:34.260 so

03:52:34.440 that

03:52:34.620 everything

03:52:35.000 sort

03:52:35.380 of

03:52:35.520 leaps

03:52:35.920 forward

03:52:36.440 as

03:52:36.820 crystalline

03:52:37.960 and

03:52:44.780 of

03:52:45.300 the

03:52:45.740 union

03:52:46.100 of

03:52:46.340 everything

03:52:46.780 and

03:52:47.960 so

03:52:48.120 you're

03:52:48.320 a

03:52:48.500 singular

03:52:48.820 being

03:52:49.320 and

03:52:49.480 you're

03:52:49.660 isolated

03:52:50.140 and

03:52:50.440 in

03:52:50.700 religious

03:52:51.120 experiences

03:52:51.700 so

03:52:51.920 for

03:52:52.080 example

03:52:52.440 there's

03:52:52.720 a

03:52:52.820 book

03:52:53.000 written

03:52:53.240 recently

03:52:53.700 by

03:52:54.320 a

03:52:54.440 neuroscientist

03:52:55.300 my

03:52:56.820 stroke

03:52:57.340 of

03:52:57.700 what's

03:52:59.780 it

03:52:59.840 called

03:53:00.080 my

03:53:01.660 stroke

03:53:01.980 of

03:53:02.140 insight

03:53:02.500 yeah

03:53:02.760 that's

03:53:03.100 right

03:53:03.300 and

03:53:03.440 I

03:53:03.580 believe

03:53:04.220 she

03:53:04.440 had

03:53:04.800 a

03:53:05.420 left

03:53:05.700 hemisphere

03:53:06.160 stroke

03:53:06.700 if

03:53:06.920 I

03:53:07.040 remember

03:53:07.360 correctly

03:53:07.900 and

03:53:08.860 she

03:53:09.300 was

03:53:09.620 a

03:53:10.820 sufficiently

03:53:11.960 well

03:53:12.740 developed

03:53:13.180 neuroscientist

03:53:13.980 to

03:53:14.140 understand

03:53:14.620 what

03:53:14.920 was

03:53:15.080 happening

03:53:15.440 as

03:53:15.680 she

03:53:15.820 had

03:53:16.020 the

03:53:16.200 stroke

03:53:16.560 and

03:53:17.480 she

03:53:18.660 had

03:53:18.940 an

03:53:19.260 intense

03:53:20.100 religious

03:53:20.580 experience

03:53:21.200 as a

03:53:21.540 consequence

03:53:21.940 of

03:53:22.260 that

03:53:22.500 and

03:53:23.220 she

03:53:23.780 experienced

03:53:24.340 it

03:53:24.500 as

03:53:24.680 a

03:53:24.840 dissolution

03:53:25.400 of

03:53:25.640 the

03:53:25.780 ego

03:53:26.040 into

03:53:26.360 this

03:53:26.700 state

03:53:27.380 of

03:53:27.540 union

03:53:27.900 with

03:53:28.180 everything

03:53:28.600 and

03:53:28.900 this

03:53:29.120 transcendent

03:53:30.480 experience

03:53:31.040 of

03:53:31.280 awe

03:53:31.780 and

03:53:32.240 the

03:53:33.020 open

03:53:33.440 well

03:53:33.980 I

03:53:34.200 don't

03:53:34.360 remember

03:53:34.680 the rest

03:53:35.120 of it

03:53:35.340 I mean

03:53:35.580 there are

03:53:35.800 other

03:53:36.020 elements

03:53:36.460 of

03:53:36.620 religious

03:53:36.940 experience

03:53:37.500 that

03:53:37.700 are

03:53:37.780 quite

03:53:37.980 common

03:53:38.360 the

03:53:38.540 idea

03:53:38.780 of

03:53:38.920 the

03:53:39.020 opening

03:53:39.320 of

03:53:39.520 the

03:53:39.680 heavens

03:53:40.040 that's

03:53:40.820 one

03:53:41.100 the

03:53:41.480 communion

03:53:41.840 with

03:53:42.120 the

03:53:42.280 ancestors

03:53:42.880 that's

03:53:43.420 another

03:53:43.720 the

03:53:44.560 reduction

03:53:45.180 of

03:53:45.420 the

03:53:45.560 body

03:53:45.800 to

03:53:46.000 a

03:53:46.180 skeleton

03:53:46.560 that's

03:53:47.380 another

03:53:47.700 the

03:53:48.180 movement

03:53:48.740 up

03:53:49.040 into

03:53:49.260 heaven

03:53:49.620 these

03:53:50.700 are

03:53:50.860 well

03:53:51.140 documented

03:53:51.820 phenomena

03:53:52.440 and

03:53:53.000 a lot

03:53:53.240 of

03:53:53.300 them

03:53:53.420 are

03:53:53.500 associated

03:53:54.080 well

03:53:55.160 a fair

03:53:55.740 number

03:53:55.980 of

03:53:56.080 them

03:53:56.200 are

03:53:56.320 associated

03:53:56.720 with

03:53:56.920 psychedelic

03:53:57.500 use

03:53:57.700 but

03:53:57.880 that's

03:53:58.180 not

03:53:58.360 the

03:53:58.540 only

03:53:58.840 avenue

03:53:59.320 to

03:53:59.560 experiences

03:54:00.080 like

03:54:00.440 that

03:54:00.780 and

03:54:01.260 epilepsy

03:54:01.740 can

03:54:02.060 produce

03:54:02.380 experiences

03:54:02.900 like

03:54:03.200 that

03:54:03.460 too

03:54:03.760 and

03:54:04.300 people

03:54:04.740 usually

03:54:05.180 report

03:54:05.640 near-death

03:54:06.260 experiences

03:54:06.860 as well

03:54:07.320 people usually

03:54:08.680 report

03:54:09.160 that those

03:54:09.660 experiences

03:54:10.200 have

03:54:10.540 life-altering

03:54:11.540 significance

03:54:12.580 now

03:54:13.380 that

03:54:14.380 in and of

03:54:14.860 itself

03:54:15.380 only proves

03:54:16.840 that people

03:54:17.280 are capable

03:54:17.820 of having

03:54:18.360 subjective

03:54:18.900 religious

03:54:19.340 experiences

03:54:20.060 right

03:54:20.600 it doesn't

03:54:22.020 definitively

03:54:23.020 prove

03:54:23.440 that there's

03:54:23.900 anything

03:54:24.300 outside of

03:54:25.220 that

03:54:25.520 so

03:54:25.980 Jung

03:54:26.360 Carl Jung

03:54:26.940 for example

03:54:27.540 most of the

03:54:28.200 time

03:54:28.440 he didn't

03:54:28.800 talk about

03:54:29.340 God

03:54:29.820 he talked

03:54:30.740 about

03:54:30.980 the

03:54:31.180 God

03:54:31.580 image

03:54:32.140 which is

03:54:33.140 not the

03:54:33.520 same

03:54:33.740 thing

03:54:34.080 because

03:54:34.360 you could

03:54:34.680 have

03:54:34.860 a

03:54:35.020 God

03:54:35.280 image

03:54:35.700 that was

03:54:36.280 even

03:54:36.480 evolutionarily

03:54:37.300 instantiated

03:54:38.300 without

03:54:38.820 that

03:54:39.120 necessarily

03:54:39.760 being

03:54:40.140 related

03:54:41.160 to

03:54:41.660 any

03:54:42.040 transcendent

03:54:43.820 being

03:54:44.160 beyond

03:54:44.580 the

03:54:44.820 image

03:54:45.240 right

03:54:45.600 so

03:54:46.540 who

03:54:47.840 knows

03:54:48.300 who

03:54:48.740 knows

03:54:49.160 again

03:54:51.040 I think

03:54:51.440 it depends

03:54:51.980 on what

03:54:53.220 you're

03:54:53.440 willing to

03:54:53.880 accept

03:54:54.280 as

03:54:54.580 proof

03:54:55.080 now

03:54:55.680 the

03:54:55.960 proof

03:54:56.320 it's

03:54:58.000 beyond

03:54:58.500 question

03:54:59.200 that

03:54:59.500 people

03:55:00.000 can have

03:55:00.420 life-changing

03:55:01.300 religious

03:55:01.840 experiences

03:55:02.440 another

03:55:02.920 example

03:55:03.400 of that

03:55:03.740 is

03:55:03.920 that

03:55:04.140 the

03:55:05.240 best

03:55:05.520 treatment

03:55:05.860 for

03:55:06.060 alcoholism

03:55:06.700 is religious

03:55:07.220 conversion

03:55:07.740 it's

03:55:08.720 well

03:55:09.040 documented

03:55:09.600 in the

03:55:09.880 literature

03:55:10.100 and I

03:55:10.320 studied

03:55:10.640 alcoholism

03:55:11.220 for a

03:55:11.540 long

03:55:11.700 time

03:55:12.020 so

03:55:12.620 one

03:55:13.520 of the

03:55:13.820 cures

03:55:14.140 that

03:55:14.480 sticks

03:55:15.460 is

03:55:15.800 religious

03:55:16.180 conversion

03:55:16.660 and the

03:55:17.220 12-step

03:55:17.740 programs

03:55:18.220 essentially

03:55:18.700 attempt to

03:55:19.300 instantiate

03:55:20.020 religious

03:55:20.400 conversion

03:55:20.920 and

03:55:21.700 it's

03:55:22.520 hard to

03:55:22.840 document

03:55:23.280 their

03:55:23.560 success

03:55:24.040 because

03:55:24.360 they

03:55:24.640 succeed

03:55:25.200 for the

03:55:26.140 people

03:55:26.360 who

03:55:26.540 stick

03:55:26.800 with

03:55:27.100 it

03:55:27.320 but

03:55:27.680 that's

03:55:27.880 not

03:55:28.000 a

03:55:28.100 very

03:55:28.220 good

03:55:28.460 measure

03:55:29.680 right

03:55:29.960 it's

03:55:30.120 sort

03:55:30.280 of

03:55:31.740 self-evident

03:55:33.160 that they

03:55:33.560 work for

03:55:33.940 the people

03:55:34.280 who stick

03:55:34.680 with it

03:55:35.080 I'm not

03:55:35.880 cynical

03:55:36.240 about

03:55:36.680 alcoholics

03:55:37.800 anonymous

03:55:38.140 or anything

03:55:38.520 but we

03:55:38.880 don't have

03:55:39.160 good data

03:55:39.700 on outcome

03:55:40.760 but

03:55:41.880 there is

03:55:43.220 good data

03:55:43.680 showing that

03:55:44.200 religious

03:55:44.520 transformation

03:55:45.260 is a good

03:55:45.960 cure

03:55:46.220 for

03:55:46.540 alcoholism

03:55:47.560 so

03:55:48.600 and that's

03:55:49.360 an interesting

03:55:49.840 phenomena

03:55:50.300 too

03:55:50.760 it's

03:55:57.440 too

03:55:57.680 complicated

03:55:58.240 I

03:55:58.420 probably

03:55:58.700 can't

03:55:59.120 okay

03:56:02.400 I'll

03:56:02.660 try this

03:56:03.460 for a

03:56:03.780 second

03:56:04.000 so

03:56:04.200 here's

03:56:04.480 how I

03:56:04.800 think

03:56:04.980 a

03:56:05.100 religious

03:56:05.360 conversion

03:56:05.820 might

03:56:06.100 work

03:56:06.460 so

03:56:07.420 imagine

03:56:07.740 you've

03:56:08.020 got

03:56:08.200 the

03:56:08.440 left

03:56:08.660 hemisphere

03:56:09.100 and

03:56:09.400 it's

03:56:09.760 the

03:56:09.900 place

03:56:10.180 where

03:56:10.380 your

03:56:10.580 habitual

03:56:11.020 interpretations

03:56:11.880 reside

03:56:12.460 so

03:56:13.580 I

03:56:14.880 can

03:56:15.000 give

03:56:15.160 you

03:56:15.240 a

03:56:15.320 quick

03:56:15.480 example

03:56:15.920 of

03:56:16.100 this

03:56:16.320 so

03:56:17.380 this

03:56:18.100 guy

03:56:18.300 Ramachandran

03:56:19.020 who's

03:56:19.560 a

03:56:19.680 neurophysiologist

03:56:20.500 or

03:56:21.420 I

03:56:21.820 think

03:56:21.980 that's

03:56:22.240 his

03:56:22.400 field

03:56:23.320 of

03:56:23.460 study

03:56:23.700 I

03:56:24.320 think

03:56:24.480 he's

03:56:24.640 at

03:56:24.780 UCLA

03:56:25.240 he

03:56:26.180 studied

03:56:26.520 people

03:56:26.840 who

03:56:27.000 had

03:56:27.160 neglect

03:56:27.860 and

03:56:28.240 neglect

03:56:28.620 is a

03:56:29.840 very

03:56:30.040 bizarre

03:56:30.560 phenomenon

03:56:31.060 so

03:56:31.600 if

03:56:31.760 you

03:56:31.920 have

03:56:32.120 a

03:56:32.260 stroke

03:56:32.480 that

03:56:32.660 damages

03:56:33.060 your

03:56:33.360 right

03:56:33.640 parietal

03:56:34.160 lobe

03:56:34.460 you'll

03:56:35.220 lose

03:56:35.480 the

03:56:35.660 left

03:56:35.880 part

03:56:36.160 of

03:56:36.300 your

03:56:36.520 being

03:56:37.560 not

03:56:38.100 just

03:56:38.320 your

03:56:38.500 body

03:56:38.880 it's

03:56:39.140 really

03:56:39.440 weird

03:56:39.820 it's

03:56:40.060 like

03:56:40.240 so

03:56:40.640 for

03:56:40.820 example

03:56:41.120 if

03:56:41.320 you

03:56:41.460 have

03:56:41.760 a

03:56:42.600 right

03:56:42.780 parietal

03:56:43.300 stroke

03:56:43.720 and

03:56:44.320 you

03:56:44.460 look

03:56:44.720 at

03:56:44.820 a

03:56:44.940 clock

03:56:45.320 you

03:56:45.960 only

03:56:46.260 see

03:56:46.600 you

03:56:46.900 only

03:56:47.220 only

03:56:47.580 half

03:56:47.900 the

03:56:48.080 clock

03:56:48.320 exists

03:56:48.800 for

03:56:49.080 you

03:56:49.280 it's

03:56:49.760 not

03:56:50.000 like

03:56:50.300 you

03:56:50.440 only

03:56:50.680 see

03:56:50.940 half

03:56:51.220 the

03:56:51.380 clock

03:56:51.620 it's

03:56:51.860 weirder

03:56:52.220 than

03:56:52.420 that

03:56:52.640 it's

03:56:52.860 that

03:56:53.020 there's

03:56:53.860 only

03:56:54.160 the

03:56:54.620 right

03:56:54.860 side

03:56:55.120 of

03:56:55.240 the

03:56:55.360 clock

03:56:55.660 there's

03:56:56.120 only

03:56:56.300 the

03:56:56.500 right

03:56:56.680 side

03:56:56.920 of

03:56:57.060 you

03:56:57.280 there's

03:56:57.780 only

03:56:57.940 the

03:56:58.120 right

03:56:58.320 side

03:56:58.580 of

03:56:58.700 my

03:56:58.880 body

03:56:59.260 I

03:56:59.780 don't

03:57:00.020 know

03:57:00.380 that

03:57:00.720 this

03:57:00.960 exists

03:57:01.420 and

03:57:01.600 so

03:57:01.800 sometimes

03:57:02.600 people

03:57:02.960 with

03:57:03.180 right

03:57:03.380 parietal

03:57:03.780 damage

03:57:04.120 will

03:57:04.380 wake

03:57:05.020 up

03:57:05.300 after

03:57:05.880 the

03:57:06.060 stroke

03:57:06.320 and

03:57:06.560 grab

03:57:07.000 their

03:57:07.240 left

03:57:07.540 arm

03:57:07.820 and

03:57:07.960 throw

03:57:08.340 it

03:57:08.500 out

03:57:08.620 of

03:57:08.780 bed

03:57:09.080 or

03:57:09.540 their

03:57:09.740 leg

03:57:10.040 and

03:57:10.200 throw

03:57:10.420 it

03:57:10.540 out

03:57:10.640 of

03:57:10.760 bed

03:57:11.020 because

03:57:11.300 it's

03:57:11.480 not

03:57:11.660 theirs

03:57:11.980 and

03:57:12.160 then

03:57:12.540 of

03:57:12.660 course

03:57:12.820 they

03:57:12.980 fall

03:57:13.180 out

03:57:13.320 of

03:57:13.440 bed

03:57:13.640 which

03:57:13.840 is

03:57:13.960 quite

03:57:14.140 a

03:57:14.280 shock

03:57:14.500 to

03:57:14.660 them

03:57:14.840 so

03:57:15.660 and

03:57:16.780 so

03:57:17.080 they'll

03:57:17.880 only

03:57:18.080 eat

03:57:18.300 half

03:57:18.560 the

03:57:18.720 food

03:57:18.920 on

03:57:19.100 the

03:57:19.240 plate

03:57:19.520 nobody

03:57:20.100 can

03:57:20.340 really

03:57:20.560 understand

03:57:21.060 this

03:57:21.300 phenomenologically

03:57:22.140 right

03:57:22.560 because

03:57:22.840 we

03:57:23.020 can't

03:57:23.760 imagine

03:57:24.200 what

03:57:24.400 that

03:57:24.540 must

03:57:24.720 be

03:57:24.880 like

03:57:25.100 I

03:57:25.260 think

03:57:25.480 it

03:57:25.600 must

03:57:25.780 be

03:57:25.940 like

03:57:26.200 you

03:57:26.820 know

03:57:26.940 how

03:57:27.160 you

03:57:27.960 know

03:57:28.080 there's

03:57:28.320 things

03:57:28.500 behind

03:57:28.880 you

03:57:29.180 but

03:57:30.060 you

03:57:30.180 don't

03:57:30.500 not

03:57:30.840 see

03:57:31.160 them

03:57:31.440 they're

03:57:31.940 just

03:57:32.100 not

03:57:32.360 there

03:57:32.680 it's

03:57:32.880 not

03:57:33.000 like

03:57:33.140 it's

03:57:33.320 black

03:57:33.740 or

03:57:33.940 anything

03:57:34.240 or

03:57:34.480 there's

03:57:34.680 a

03:57:34.820 space

03:57:35.320 it's

03:57:35.560 just

03:57:35.800 not

03:57:36.300 there

03:57:36.960 and

03:57:37.800 so

03:57:37.960 I

03:57:38.120 think

03:57:38.300 what

03:57:38.480 happens

03:57:38.820 is

03:57:39.040 the

03:57:39.240 not

03:57:39.520 there

03:57:39.980 extends

03:57:41.120 to

03:57:41.380 three

03:57:41.660 quarters

03:57:42.080 of

03:57:42.360 the

03:57:42.520 field

03:57:42.780 instead

03:57:43.100 of

03:57:43.300 half

03:57:43.580 the

03:57:43.760 field

03:57:44.040 that's

03:57:44.780 a

03:57:44.920 guess

03:57:45.280 anyway

03:57:46.120 so

03:57:46.560 Ramesh

03:57:47.960 now

03:57:48.220 the funny

03:57:48.680 thing

03:57:48.900 about

03:57:49.120 people

03:57:49.440 with

03:57:49.640 neglect

03:57:49.960 is

03:57:50.360 that

03:57:50.500 if

03:57:50.660 you

03:57:50.800 tell

03:57:51.160 them

03:57:51.500 if

03:57:51.980 you

03:57:52.100 point

03:57:52.400 it

03:57:52.540 out

03:57:52.720 you

03:57:52.920 say

03:57:53.160 well

03:57:53.440 I

03:57:53.560 noticed

03:57:53.880 that

03:57:54.060 you're

03:57:54.200 not

03:57:54.400 moving

03:57:54.720 your

03:57:54.900 left

03:57:55.220 foot

03:57:55.900 today

03:57:56.300 they'll

03:57:56.920 say

03:57:57.140 well

03:57:57.440 it's

03:57:57.960 it's

03:57:58.400 arthritic

03:57:58.960 and

03:57:59.140 I

03:57:59.500 can't

03:58:00.020 move

03:58:00.260 it

03:58:00.400 and

03:58:00.580 say

03:58:01.020 well

03:58:01.160 why

03:58:01.340 do

03:58:01.420 you

03:58:01.500 just

03:58:01.660 try

03:58:01.840 to

03:58:01.940 move

03:58:02.060 it

03:58:02.140 say

03:58:02.240 no

03:58:02.420 look

03:58:02.660 doctor

03:58:02.980 I

03:58:03.080 already

03:58:03.200 told

03:58:03.420 you

03:58:03.540 it's

03:58:03.860 in

03:58:04.000 too

03:58:04.120 much

03:58:04.300 pain

03:58:04.540 to

03:58:04.640 move

03:58:04.760 it

03:58:04.860 was

03:58:04.960 working

03:58:05.260 fine

03:58:05.540 this

03:58:05.740 morning

03:58:06.040 that

03:58:06.540 can

03:58:06.660 be

03:58:06.800 months

03:58:07.120 after

03:58:07.460 the

03:58:07.700 accident

03:58:08.940 so

03:58:09.260 it's

03:58:09.680 a

03:58:09.880 denial

03:58:10.340 and

03:58:10.760 people

03:58:11.200 thought

03:58:11.560 actually

03:58:12.040 that

03:58:12.240 that

03:58:12.400 was

03:58:12.560 trauma

03:58:13.080 induced

03:58:13.600 denial

03:58:14.020 for a

03:58:14.380 long

03:58:14.540 time

03:58:14.740 before

03:58:14.960 they

03:58:15.160 figured

03:58:15.380 it

03:58:15.500 out

03:58:15.580 was

03:58:15.740 actually

03:58:16.020 a

03:58:16.160 consequence

03:58:16.580 of

03:58:16.800 the

03:58:16.920 neurophysiological

03:58:17.740 damage

03:58:18.240 now

03:58:18.840 Ramachandran

03:58:19.660 found

03:58:20.060 that

03:58:20.260 if

03:58:20.480 you

03:58:20.760 irrigated

03:58:22.360 the

03:58:23.040 contralateral

03:58:24.380 ear

03:58:24.940 say

03:58:26.220 now

03:58:26.780 if

03:58:27.200 you

03:58:27.400 pour

03:58:28.160 cold

03:58:28.460 water

03:58:28.720 in

03:58:28.880 someone's

03:58:29.280 ear

03:58:29.540 it

03:58:30.300 upsets

03:58:30.700 their

03:58:30.880 vestibular

03:58:31.380 system

03:58:31.740 and

03:58:31.860 their

03:58:31.980 eyes

03:58:32.220 will

03:58:32.340 move

03:58:32.540 back

03:58:32.780 and

03:58:32.940 forth

03:58:33.120 like

03:58:33.340 this

03:58:33.700 you

03:58:34.320 can

03:58:34.440 try

03:58:34.620 that

03:58:34.840 at

03:58:35.100 a

03:58:35.200 party

03:58:35.460 if

03:58:35.660 you

03:58:35.780 want

03:58:36.000 and

03:58:36.740 anyways

03:58:38.700 Ramachandran

03:58:39.640 was

03:58:39.860 testing

03:58:40.260 vestibular

03:58:40.800 function

03:58:41.140 on

03:58:41.360 these

03:58:41.520 patients

03:58:41.900 and

03:58:42.080 they

03:58:42.220 irrigated

03:58:42.940 the

03:58:43.180 right

03:58:43.460 ear

03:58:43.760 with

03:58:44.320 cold

03:58:44.620 water

03:58:45.000 and

03:58:45.500 they

03:58:45.780 woke

03:58:46.060 up

03:58:46.420 and

03:58:46.900 maybe

03:58:47.300 what

03:58:47.540 happened

03:58:47.880 was

03:58:48.100 that

03:58:48.260 that

03:58:48.460 was

03:58:48.700 shocking

03:58:50.100 enough

03:58:50.600 so

03:58:51.040 imagine

03:58:51.380 the

03:58:51.620 networks

03:58:52.100 in

03:58:52.300 the

03:58:52.420 right

03:58:52.680 hemisphere

03:58:53.500 were

03:58:53.800 degraded

03:58:54.480 but

03:58:54.640 not

03:58:54.920 completely

03:58:55.420 gone

03:58:55.840 and

03:58:56.340 they

03:58:56.460 needed

03:58:56.660 a

03:58:56.820 really

03:58:57.040 high

03:58:57.380 threshold

03:58:57.900 of

03:58:58.080 activation

03:58:58.540 to

03:58:58.800 snap

03:58:59.160 into

03:58:59.480 function

03:59:00.120 so

03:59:00.640 here's

03:59:00.860 an

03:59:00.960 example

03:59:01.280 of

03:59:01.460 that

03:59:01.640 if

03:59:02.140 you

03:59:02.260 have

03:59:02.420 Parkinson's

03:59:03.080 disease

03:59:03.360 imagine

03:59:03.720 you're

03:59:03.980 frozen

03:59:04.300 there

03:59:04.640 okay

03:59:05.300 and

03:59:05.740 I

03:59:05.860 throw

03:59:06.080 a

03:59:06.220 ball

03:59:06.400 at

03:59:06.560 you

03:59:06.680 you'll

03:59:06.900 go

03:59:07.020 like

03:59:07.220 this

03:59:07.540 and

03:59:08.060 catch

03:59:08.360 it

03:59:08.580 but

03:59:09.400 you

03:59:09.520 can't

03:59:09.940 throw

03:59:10.160 it

03:59:10.300 back

03:59:10.720 so

03:59:11.860 you

03:59:12.200 can

03:59:12.420 the

03:59:12.880 stimulus

03:59:13.360 is

03:59:13.580 enough

03:59:13.900 that's

03:59:14.880 enough

03:59:15.100 to

03:59:15.280 push

03:59:15.740 you

03:59:15.880 past

03:59:16.120 threshold

03:59:16.500 but

03:59:16.680 you

03:59:16.840 can't

03:59:17.100 do

03:59:17.220 it

03:59:17.340 voluntarily

03:59:17.880 now

03:59:18.300 if

03:59:18.420 you

03:59:18.500 have

03:59:18.640 Parkinson's

03:59:19.240 like

03:59:19.420 right

03:59:19.840 to

03:59:20.000 the

03:59:20.200 nth

03:59:20.940 degree

03:59:21.200 you

03:59:21.620 won't

03:59:21.780 even

03:59:21.920 be able

03:59:22.080 to

03:59:22.200 catch

03:59:22.460 it

03:59:22.600 but

03:59:22.760 there's

03:59:23.200 a

03:59:23.340 stage

03:59:23.680 where

03:59:23.860 you

03:59:24.020 can

03:59:24.160 still

03:59:24.360 do

03:59:24.500 that

03:59:24.680 there's

03:59:25.100 a

03:59:25.200 great

03:59:25.420 case

03:59:25.800 study

03:59:26.140 where

03:59:26.680 this

03:59:26.960 grandpa

03:59:27.760 was in

03:59:28.620 a

03:59:28.720 wheelchair

03:59:29.000 he had

03:59:29.380 Parkinson's

03:59:29.960 and his

03:59:30.240 young

03:59:30.580 grandson

03:59:31.280 was

03:59:31.540 playing out

03:59:32.020 on the

03:59:32.260 dock

03:59:32.600 and fell

03:59:33.280 in the

03:59:33.500 water

03:59:33.720 and started

03:59:34.140 to drown

03:59:34.620 and he

03:59:35.140 got out

03:59:35.520 of his

03:59:35.780 wheelchair

03:59:36.180 went

03:59:37.440 into

03:59:37.740 the

03:59:37.940 ocean

03:59:38.300 rescued

03:59:39.100 him

03:59:39.440 brought

03:59:39.980 him

03:59:40.120 onto

03:59:40.300 the

03:59:40.500 beach

03:59:40.800 sat

03:59:41.340 back

03:59:41.600 down

03:59:41.820 in

03:59:41.960 his

03:59:42.080 wheelchair

03:59:42.420 and

03:59:43.020 was

03:59:43.180 paralyzed

03:59:43.540 again

03:59:44.020 so

03:59:44.540 that

03:59:44.720 was

03:59:44.860 enough

03:59:45.100 so

03:59:45.280 you

03:59:45.440 can

03:59:45.580 imagine

03:59:45.920 there

03:59:46.100 was

03:59:46.220 enough

03:59:46.540 network

03:59:47.100 left

03:59:47.520 so

03:59:47.760 if

03:59:47.920 the

03:59:48.040 emotional

03:59:48.600 tension

03:59:50.460 became

03:59:50.880 high

03:59:51.160 enough

03:59:51.420 that

03:59:51.640 the

03:59:51.800 degraded

03:59:52.320 circuits

03:59:52.700 could

03:59:52.900 still

03:59:53.180 function

03:59:53.640 so

03:59:54.520 okay

03:59:55.100 so

03:59:55.340 back

03:59:55.580 to

03:59:55.780 Ramachandran

03:59:56.400 so

03:59:56.600 you

03:59:56.760 irrigate

03:59:57.200 the

03:59:57.340 ear

03:59:57.560 all of

03:59:58.140 a

03:59:58.260 sudden

03:59:58.440 the

03:59:58.640 right

03:59:58.840 hemisphere

03:59:59.300 connections

04:00:00.420 flash

04:00:01.240 the

04:00:01.500 remainders

04:00:02.300 manage

04:00:02.860 to

04:00:03.060 connect

04:00:03.460 and

04:00:03.900 the

04:00:04.020 person

04:00:04.300 goes

04:00:04.580 oh

04:00:04.960 my

04:00:05.100 god

04:00:05.360 I've

04:00:05.520 had

04:00:05.640 a

04:00:05.760 terrible

04:00:06.060 stroke

04:00:06.460 I've

04:00:06.720 lost

04:00:06.940 the

04:00:07.100 left

04:00:07.280 side

04:00:07.500 of

04:00:07.620 my

04:00:07.760 body

04:00:08.080 they're

04:00:08.360 crying

04:00:09.120 they're

04:00:09.560 like

04:00:09.820 completely

04:00:10.440 catastrophically

04:00:11.580 overwhelmed

04:00:12.240 by it

04:00:12.860 and then

04:00:13.500 twenty

04:00:13.760 minutes

04:00:14.040 later

04:00:14.400 the

04:00:14.680 effects

04:00:15.660 wear

04:00:15.960 off

04:00:16.300 and

04:00:16.420 they

04:00:16.560 snap

04:00:16.820 back

04:00:17.140 in

04:00:17.360 and

04:00:17.520 now

04:00:18.420 they

04:00:18.640 they've

04:00:19.500 lost

04:00:19.740 their

04:00:19.880 left

04:00:20.020 side

04:00:20.240 again

04:00:20.420 they

04:00:20.540 don't

04:00:20.680 remember

04:00:21.020 it

04:00:21.280 and

04:00:21.800 so

04:00:21.920 what

04:00:22.100 seems

04:00:22.380 to

04:00:22.580 happen

04:00:22.920 is

04:00:23.180 that

04:00:23.400 the

04:00:24.680 right

04:00:24.960 hemisphere

04:00:25.500 is

04:00:27.460 collecting

04:00:28.040 anomalous

04:00:28.600 information

04:00:29.340 that's

04:00:30.060 what it

04:00:30.320 does

04:00:30.660 that's

04:00:31.120 what

04:00:31.220 it

04:00:31.340 does

04:00:31.540 when

04:00:31.720 you're

04:00:31.920 dreaming

04:00:32.260 it's

04:00:32.900 it's

04:00:33.420 it's

04:00:34.460 representing

04:00:35.740 that

04:00:36.020 anomalous

04:00:36.440 information

04:00:37.060 in

04:00:37.280 image

04:00:37.620 form

04:00:38.000 and

04:00:38.500 sort

04:00:39.120 only

04:00:39.360 passing

04:00:39.800 it

04:00:40.000 to

04:00:40.140 the

04:00:40.280 left

04:00:40.520 hemisphere

04:00:40.960 so

04:00:41.220 it

04:00:41.340 doesn't

04:00:41.640 overwhelm

04:00:42.380 it

04:00:42.580 and

04:00:43.200 maybe

04:00:43.400 if

04:00:43.560 it

04:00:43.680 gets

04:00:43.840 overwhelming

04:00:44.280 you wake

04:00:44.740 up

04:00:44.880 and

04:00:45.000 you're

04:00:45.160 afraid

04:00:45.460 and

04:00:45.620 you

04:00:45.740 tell

04:00:45.940 someone

04:00:46.240 about

04:00:46.440 the

04:00:46.600 dream

04:00:46.860 that

04:00:47.320 helps

04:00:47.640 you

04:00:47.760 figure

04:00:47.980 out

04:00:48.180 what

04:00:48.340 it

04:00:48.460 was

04:00:48.720 but

04:00:49.180 anyways

04:00:49.540 so

04:00:50.680 that

04:00:50.880 the

04:00:51.040 right

04:00:51.220 hemisphere

04:00:51.580 is

04:00:51.760 always

04:00:51.960 trying

04:00:52.220 to

04:00:52.360 tap

04:00:52.760 the

04:00:52.940 left

04:00:53.180 hemisphere

04:00:53.640 into

04:00:54.040 transformation

04:00:55.400 right

04:00:56.260 so

04:00:57.240 now

04:00:57.440 imagine

04:00:57.860 that

04:00:58.140 that

04:00:59.140 can

04:00:59.300 happen

04:00:59.580 a

04:00:59.760 little

04:00:59.960 bit

04:01:00.280 or

04:01:01.000 a

04:01:01.160 lot

04:01:01.500 so

04:01:02.540 maybe

04:01:02.800 you're

04:01:03.200 just

04:01:03.380 ignoring

04:01:03.680 a

04:01:03.860 little

04:01:04.020 bit

04:01:04.200 of

04:01:04.300 anomalous

04:01:04.700 information

04:01:05.280 you

04:01:05.820 just

04:01:06.040 have

04:01:06.380 some

04:01:06.880 mildly

04:01:07.560 frightening

04:01:08.060 dreams

04:01:08.500 or

04:01:08.880 maybe

04:01:09.100 you've

04:01:09.400 just

04:01:09.620 stacked

04:01:10.040 up

04:01:10.280 a

04:01:10.400 whole

04:01:10.560 bunch

04:01:10.840 of

04:01:10.960 things

04:01:11.180 that

04:01:11.340 you're

04:01:11.540 ignoring

04:01:11.860 and

04:01:12.060 there's

04:01:12.240 some

04:01:12.400 major

04:01:12.880 league

04:01:13.280 monsters

04:01:14.020 that

04:01:14.640 you

04:01:14.780 haven't

04:01:15.120 contended

04:01:15.480 with

04:01:15.740 maybe

04:01:16.540 there's

04:01:16.880 situations

04:01:17.520 where

04:01:17.960 the

04:01:18.820 right

04:01:19.060 hemisphere

04:01:19.480 is

04:01:19.780 stored

04:01:20.100 up

04:01:20.360 enough

04:01:20.820 counter

04:01:22.640 enough

04:01:23.380 of a

04:01:23.700 counter

04:01:24.120 hypothesis

04:01:24.940 let's

04:01:25.580 say

04:01:25.780 about

04:01:26.040 how

04:01:26.220 the

04:01:26.380 world

04:01:26.640 works

04:01:27.060 making

04:01:27.900 sense

04:01:28.600 out

04:01:28.740 of

04:01:28.840 all

04:01:29.020 those

04:01:29.240 things

04:01:29.500 that

04:01:29.660 you've

04:01:29.940 ignored

04:01:30.320 that

04:01:31.140 one

04:01:31.460 day

04:01:31.620 it

04:01:31.720 just

04:01:31.880 goes

04:01:32.120 snap

04:01:32.880 and

04:01:33.800 you're

04:01:34.620 a

04:01:34.760 new

04:01:34.940 personality

04:01:35.580 and

04:01:36.760 maybe

04:01:37.000 the

04:01:37.180 new

04:01:37.340 personality

04:01:37.800 isn't

04:01:38.140 addicted

04:01:38.540 so

04:01:40.360 it's

04:01:40.660 something

04:01:40.920 like

04:01:41.180 that

04:01:42.340 I

04:01:43.260 think

04:01:43.620 so

04:01:44.660 yeah

04:01:45.360 okay

04:01:46.240 joke

04:01:54.400 good

04:01:55.560 morning

04:01:56.020 citizen

04:01:56.740 peterson

04:01:57.220 I

04:01:59.660 got

04:01:59.920 I

04:02:00.160 prepared

04:02:00.540 a

04:02:00.720 real

04:02:00.900 doozy

04:02:01.420 for

04:02:01.660 you

04:02:01.800 here

04:02:01.980 today

04:02:02.240 it's

04:02:02.940 a

04:02:03.040 good

04:02:03.240 thing

04:02:03.460 you've

04:02:03.660 got

04:02:03.820 extra

04:02:04.160 time

04:02:04.580 to

04:02:04.740 handle

04:02:05.020 this

04:02:05.240 one

04:02:05.380 I'd

04:02:05.720 even

04:02:05.900 say

04:02:06.160 it's

04:02:06.360 rehearsed

04:02:07.060 a

04:02:07.280 little

04:02:07.440 bit

04:02:07.820 so

04:02:08.260 it's

04:02:08.400 going

04:02:08.500 to

04:02:08.580 be

04:02:08.740 ultra

04:02:09.140 ineffective

04:02:09.780 you

04:02:10.120 know

04:02:10.280 okay

04:02:10.700 okay

04:02:11.180 now

04:02:12.420 I

04:02:12.740 understand

04:02:13.340 that

04:02:14.640 a

04:02:15.160 lecture

04:02:15.600 on the

04:02:16.620 psychological

04:02:17.220 significance

04:02:17.960 of

04:02:18.360 anything

04:02:18.660 really

04:02:19.040 is

04:02:19.700 going

04:02:19.960 to

04:02:20.200 indubitably

04:02:21.040 wander

04:02:21.660 off

04:02:22.020 into

04:02:22.260 an

04:02:22.500 anthropocentric

04:02:23.380 worldview

04:02:23.960 but

04:02:26.100 as

04:02:26.660 a

04:02:26.860 practitioner

04:02:27.860 of

04:02:28.600 the

04:02:28.800 hard

04:02:29.240 sciences

04:02:29.820 I

04:02:30.820 wanted

04:02:31.060 to

04:02:31.280 dig

04:02:31.520 a

04:02:31.680 little

04:02:31.860 bit

04:02:32.100 deeper

04:02:32.600 you

04:02:33.260 know

04:02:33.400 so

04:02:33.680 I

04:02:33.880 sought

04:02:34.180 out

04:02:34.440 I

04:02:34.660 guess

04:02:34.880 a

04:02:35.500 religious

04:02:35.940 interpretation

04:02:36.680 of both

04:02:37.360 creative

04:02:37.920 freedom

04:02:38.400 and

04:02:39.460 I guess

04:02:44.040 the very

04:02:44.580 nature

04:02:45.220 of time

04:02:46.040 itself

04:02:46.560 and

04:02:48.400 I

04:02:48.740 found

04:02:49.160 it

04:02:49.340 obviously

04:02:49.860 that's

04:02:50.220 why

04:02:50.400 I'm

04:02:50.520 here

04:02:50.800 and

04:02:52.100 if

04:02:52.280 you

04:02:52.440 think

04:02:52.680 you

04:02:52.860 have

04:02:53.120 an

04:02:53.320 anthropocentric

04:02:54.140 worldview

04:02:56.660 Joseph Cardinal

04:02:57.500 Ratzinger

04:02:58.040 you

04:02:59.160 know

04:02:59.300 now

04:03:01.060 I like

04:03:01.740 to think

04:03:02.280 that

04:03:02.880 you

04:03:03.220 know

04:03:03.340 this

04:03:03.680 microphone

04:03:04.240 here

04:03:04.720 the one

04:03:06.000 that you

04:03:06.260 keep

04:03:06.520 muting

04:03:06.920 out on

04:03:07.280 me

04:03:07.460 you

04:03:07.900 know

04:03:08.020 this

04:03:08.700 microphone

04:03:09.260 is an

04:03:09.800 object

04:03:10.240 which

04:03:10.660 exists

04:03:11.200 outside

04:03:11.760 of our

04:03:12.140 individual

04:03:12.760 perception

04:03:13.380 that's

04:03:14.380 just

04:03:14.520 the way

04:03:14.780 I like

04:03:15.080 to look

04:03:15.420 at

04:03:15.560 it

04:03:15.860 but

04:03:18.180 then

04:03:18.400 I

04:03:18.560 think

04:03:18.820 about

04:03:19.080 the

04:03:19.300 concept

04:03:19.840 beauty

04:03:20.440 is in

04:03:20.940 the eye

04:03:21.420 of the

04:03:21.760 beholder

04:03:22.220 and

04:03:23.300 certainly

04:03:23.920 I mean

04:03:24.540 when you're

04:03:24.940 talking

04:03:25.280 about

04:03:25.860 art

04:03:26.720 the

04:03:27.260 appreciation

04:03:27.900 of art

04:03:28.540 there has

04:03:28.980 to be

04:03:29.220 some

04:03:29.420 sort

04:03:29.640 of

04:03:29.760 subjective

04:03:30.240 element

04:03:30.720 integrated

04:03:31.300 into

04:03:31.620 them

04:03:31.860 but

04:03:33.660 there

04:03:33.920 also

04:03:34.220 must

04:03:34.540 be

04:03:34.700 a

04:03:34.880 limit

04:03:35.140 as

04:03:35.400 well

04:03:35.720 I

04:03:36.540 mean

04:03:36.740 certain

04:03:37.360 works

04:03:38.280 of art

04:03:38.720 that we

04:03:39.020 appreciate

04:03:39.700 as

04:03:40.440 absolute

04:03:41.100 masterpieces

04:03:42.180 like

04:03:42.620 Michelangelo's

04:03:44.060 Pieta

04:03:44.520 for example

04:03:45.100 which you

04:03:45.460 bring up

04:03:45.900 frequently

04:03:47.020 because

04:03:47.320 it

04:03:47.480 really

04:03:47.820 is

04:03:48.120 that

04:03:48.360 good

04:03:48.700 but

04:03:49.740 there's

04:03:50.020 other

04:03:50.220 things

04:03:50.560 which

04:03:50.800 are

04:03:50.940 just

04:03:51.300 by

04:03:52.240 comparison

04:03:52.860 they're

04:03:53.080 like

04:03:53.240 vandalism

04:03:54.020 you know

04:03:54.340 now

04:03:57.260 there's

04:03:57.520 always

04:03:57.740 a

04:03:57.940 temptation

04:03:58.540 all

04:03:59.600 right

04:03:59.740 to

04:03:59.940 invoke

04:04:00.300 the

04:04:00.520 principle

04:04:00.960 of

04:04:01.600 non

04:04:03.100 overlapping

04:04:03.880 magisteria

04:04:04.800 but

04:04:05.820 that

04:04:06.020 seems

04:04:06.320 like

04:04:06.560 sort

04:04:06.960 of

04:04:07.060 a

04:04:07.220 cop

04:04:07.540 out

04:04:07.720 right

04:04:07.980 so

04:04:08.480 I

04:04:08.640 formulated

04:04:09.240 I guess

04:04:09.680 for

04:04:09.880 myself

04:04:10.400 four

04:04:11.220 standards

04:04:11.720 of

04:04:11.920 measure

04:04:12.200 which

04:04:12.440 help

04:04:12.680 me

04:04:12.960 separate

04:04:13.440 what's

04:04:13.820 the

04:04:13.980 difference

04:04:14.300 between

04:04:14.680 art

04:04:15.040 and

04:04:16.300 mediocrity

04:04:17.260 and

04:04:17.840 here's

04:04:18.580 the

04:04:18.700 four

04:04:18.980 number

04:04:19.560 one

04:04:19.920 education

04:04:20.920 number

04:04:22.380 two

04:04:22.800 time

04:04:24.040 commitment

04:04:24.460 you gotta

04:04:24.880 put in

04:04:25.280 the

04:04:25.380 time

04:04:25.600 if

04:04:25.760 you're

04:04:25.880 an

04:04:26.020 artist

04:04:26.280 it's

04:04:26.660 probably

04:04:27.180 gonna

04:04:27.840 become

04:04:28.260 your

04:04:28.440 full

04:04:28.700 time

04:04:28.960 occupation

04:04:29.560 it's

04:04:29.840 that

04:04:30.000 you have

04:04:30.280 to be

04:04:30.460 that

04:04:30.640 passionate

04:04:31.040 about

04:04:31.300 it

04:04:31.540 number

04:04:32.260 three

04:04:32.700 public

04:04:33.600 display

04:04:34.200 art

04:04:35.420 isn't

04:04:35.700 something

04:04:36.020 that you

04:04:36.360 own

04:04:36.700 for

04:04:36.900 yourself

04:04:37.360 you hide

04:04:37.860 it

04:04:37.980 in

04:04:38.080 your

04:04:38.240 basement

04:04:38.660 then

04:04:38.980 it's

04:04:39.180 not

04:04:39.440 art

04:04:39.800 it's

04:04:40.380 something

04:04:40.600 which

04:04:40.800 you have

04:04:41.060 to

04:04:41.180 express

04:04:41.820 you know

04:04:42.180 something

04:04:42.840 which

04:04:43.080 you've

04:04:43.260 got

04:04:43.380 to

04:04:43.540 share

04:04:43.840 and

04:04:44.520 number

04:04:44.760 four

04:04:45.060 and I

04:04:45.280 think

04:04:45.440 this

04:04:45.620 is

04:04:45.700 the

04:04:45.820 most

04:04:46.060 important

04:04:46.520 one

04:04:46.900 efficacy

04:04:50.320 of

04:04:50.960 vision

04:04:51.380 if

04:04:52.780 you're

04:04:52.960 an

04:04:53.080 artist

04:04:53.320 you've

04:04:53.620 got

04:04:53.760 to

04:04:53.860 have

04:04:54.060 a

04:04:54.200 vision

04:04:54.480 and

04:04:54.820 we

04:04:55.000 talk

04:04:55.300 about

04:04:55.520 the

04:04:55.700 dream

04:04:56.020 state

04:04:56.380 here

04:04:56.580 a lot

04:04:56.900 you

04:04:57.500 go

04:04:57.680 into

04:04:57.840 the

04:04:58.020 dream

04:04:58.240 state

04:04:58.600 you

04:04:58.760 have

04:04:58.980 inspiration

04:04:59.660 but

04:04:59.920 it's

04:05:00.220 not

04:05:00.440 enough

04:05:00.760 to

04:05:00.960 just

04:05:01.280 have

04:05:01.520 the

04:05:01.660 inspiration

04:05:02.160 because

04:05:02.420 that's

04:05:02.680 totally

04:05:03.120 subjective

04:05:03.680 for you

04:05:04.180 the

04:05:05.100 art

04:05:05.420 part

04:05:06.440 about

04:05:06.720 it

04:05:06.840 is

04:05:07.040 having

04:05:07.440 the

04:05:08.260 techniques

04:05:09.040 and

04:05:09.240 the

04:05:09.400 skill

04:05:09.760 and

04:05:09.980 the

04:05:10.100 intent

04:05:10.560 and

04:05:10.880 I

04:05:11.120 guess

04:05:11.260 the

04:05:11.400 capacity

04:05:11.900 to

04:05:12.160 turn

04:05:12.380 that

04:05:12.560 into

04:05:12.740 something

04:05:13.020 real

04:05:13.440 that

04:05:14.500 you

04:05:14.640 can

04:05:14.820 then

04:05:15.100 express

04:05:16.260 or

04:05:16.640 share

04:05:16.880 so

04:05:17.580 can

04:05:17.880 you

04:05:18.020 read

04:05:18.340 Cardinal

04:05:18.780 Ratzinger's

04:05:19.460 explanation

04:05:19.980 for the

04:05:21.220 nature

04:05:21.500 of time

04:05:22.020 and

04:05:22.260 then

04:05:22.440 address

04:05:22.800 the

04:05:23.020 concept

04:05:23.440 of

04:05:23.780 beauty

04:05:24.140 in

04:05:24.320 the

04:05:24.440 eye

04:05:24.600 of

04:05:24.720 the

04:05:24.860 beholder

04:05:25.280 with

04:05:26.440 specific

04:05:27.020 reference

04:05:27.520 to

04:05:27.900 the

04:05:28.160 body

04:05:28.760 positivity

04:05:29.660 movement

04:05:30.240 how

04:05:31.000 Jesus

04:05:35.320 is

04:05:35.680 you

04:05:49.540 don't

04:05:49.760 have

04:05:49.940 to

04:05:50.040 be

04:05:50.200 a

04:05:50.300 mouth

04:05:50.540 beach

04:06:05.320 I

04:06:12.720 don't

04:06:12.940 think

04:06:13.160 I

04:06:13.320 can

04:06:13.660 I

04:06:19.460 think

04:06:19.740 I

04:06:20.460 think

04:06:20.780 I

04:06:24.540 think

04:06:24.820 that's

04:06:25.220 I

04:06:27.700 think

04:06:30.020 I

04:06:30.560 think

04:06:30.900 that

04:06:31.180 you

04:06:31.940 tangled

04:06:32.700 together

04:06:33.180 so

04:06:33.480 many

04:06:33.740 things

04:06:34.260 and

04:06:34.820 this

04:06:35.100 is

04:06:35.300 also

04:06:35.680 a

04:06:36.260 tangle

04:06:36.580 of

04:06:36.780 things

04:06:37.080 not

04:06:37.440 that

04:06:37.600 that's

04:06:37.860 a

04:06:37.960 criticism

04:06:38.320 that

04:06:38.700 I

04:06:38.920 can't

04:06:39.500 pull

04:06:40.200 them

04:06:40.340 all

04:06:40.520 together

04:06:40.920 with

04:06:41.900 sufficient

04:06:42.460 rapidity

04:06:43.260 not to

04:06:43.740 bore

04:06:44.000 the

04:06:44.220 audience

04:06:44.640 to

04:06:44.880 death

04:06:45.240 so

04:06:46.060 I'm

04:06:46.740 going

04:06:46.860 to

04:06:46.980 wait

04:06:47.740 I'm

04:06:48.060 going

04:06:48.160 to

04:06:48.240 wait

04:06:48.500 okay

04:06:51.200 Dr.

04:06:52.740 Peterson

04:06:53.060 I'm

04:06:55.300 fascinated

04:06:55.700 by the

04:06:56.140 idea

04:06:56.680 of

04:06:57.240 faith

04:06:57.580 what

04:06:58.500 faith

04:06:58.820 means

04:06:59.200 Jacob

04:07:00.200 listens

04:07:00.900 to a

04:07:01.460 voice

04:07:01.800 and

04:07:02.120 believes

04:07:02.560 it

04:07:02.880 he

04:07:04.760 probably

04:07:05.360 heard

04:07:05.680 other

04:07:06.020 voices

04:07:06.460 why

04:07:07.360 did

04:07:07.640 he

04:07:07.940 believe

04:07:08.600 this

04:07:09.040 one

04:07:09.460 why

04:07:11.080 what

04:07:11.860 there

04:07:12.160 must

04:07:12.400 have

04:07:12.520 been

04:07:12.680 an

04:07:12.880 a

04:07:13.120 priori

04:07:13.920 sort

04:07:14.220 of

04:07:14.440 functional

04:07:15.520 necessity

04:07:16.780 for him

04:07:17.800 to

04:07:18.300 believe

04:07:19.020 the

04:07:19.320 voice

04:07:19.660 that

04:07:19.860 told

04:07:20.160 him

04:07:20.440 one

04:07:21.160 thing

04:07:21.360 or

04:07:21.540 another

04:07:21.860 and

04:07:22.580 I

04:07:22.880 think

04:07:23.080 that

04:07:23.280 that's

04:07:23.560 a

04:07:23.700 string

04:07:24.100 that

04:07:24.300 runs

04:07:24.600 through

04:07:24.860 the

04:07:25.020 Bible

04:07:25.260 and

04:07:25.420 then

04:07:25.580 through

04:07:25.720 the

04:07:25.860 New

04:07:26.020 Testament

04:07:26.400 we

04:07:27.220 are

04:07:27.400 expected

04:07:27.860 as

04:07:28.200 well

04:07:28.480 I

04:07:29.140 confess

04:07:29.540 I'm

04:07:29.740 a

04:07:29.860 Christian

04:07:30.140 I

04:07:30.340 act

04:07:31.080 like

04:07:31.280 I

04:07:31.400 believe

04:07:31.900 God

04:07:32.160 is

04:07:32.320 real

04:07:32.520 and

04:07:33.360 so

04:07:33.960 there

04:07:34.600 is

04:07:35.180 this

04:07:35.760 call

04:07:36.880 of

04:07:37.020 faith

04:07:37.160 and

04:07:37.420 also

04:07:37.720 in

04:07:38.360 every

04:07:38.880 hero

04:07:39.360 story

04:07:39.940 we

04:07:40.320 see

04:07:41.120 now

04:07:41.540 there

04:07:42.000 is

04:07:42.140 always

04:07:42.400 a

04:07:42.620 moment

04:07:42.900 in

04:07:43.220 that

04:07:43.420 story

04:07:43.920 where

04:07:44.740 the

04:07:45.020 hero

04:07:45.320 must

04:07:45.700 believe

04:07:46.380 something

04:07:47.140 beyond

04:07:47.720 the

04:07:48.120 evidence

04:07:48.580 that

04:07:48.840 is

04:07:48.980 before

04:07:49.340 them

04:07:49.540 which

04:07:49.720 is

04:07:49.840 to

04:07:49.940 say

04:07:50.080 they

04:07:50.220 must

04:07:50.400 take

04:07:50.580 a

04:07:50.720 leap

04:07:50.880 of

04:07:51.040 faith

04:07:51.260 so

04:07:51.500 I'm

04:07:52.240 wondering

04:07:52.400 if

04:07:52.560 you

04:07:52.620 could

04:07:52.720 just

04:07:52.880 kind

04:07:53.120 of

04:07:53.220 unpack

04:07:53.640 that

04:07:53.860 experience

04:07:54.500 of

04:07:54.760 faith

04:07:55.100 and

04:07:55.280 the

04:07:55.420 understanding

04:07:55.940 of how

04:07:56.380 a

04:07:56.880 human

04:07:57.080 being

04:07:57.500 makes

04:07:58.060 the

04:07:58.260 choice

04:07:58.720 to

04:07:58.980 believe

04:07:59.220 one

04:07:59.460 thing

04:07:59.660 or

04:07:59.780 another

04:08:00.060 God

04:08:00.780 that's

04:08:01.100 a

04:08:01.240 great

04:08:01.440 question

04:08:01.920 I mean

04:08:02.320 is this

04:08:03.920 still

04:08:04.180 on

04:08:04.480 is this

04:08:07.040 still

04:08:07.260 working

04:08:07.660 okay

04:08:08.980 okay

04:08:09.400 good

04:08:09.660 I

04:08:11.320 don't

04:08:11.760 I

04:08:12.140 don't

04:08:12.400 precisely

04:08:12.960 know

04:08:13.460 the answer

04:08:13.920 to that

04:08:14.200 it's

04:08:14.580 a very

04:08:14.980 peculiar

04:08:15.360 thing

04:08:15.680 because

04:08:16.000 we

04:08:16.680 think

04:08:17.020 many

04:08:17.340 things

04:08:17.760 or

04:08:18.000 you

04:08:18.180 could

04:08:18.340 say

04:08:18.540 many

04:08:18.800 voices

04:08:19.160 appear

04:08:19.540 in

04:08:19.720 our

04:08:19.880 minds

04:08:20.320 because

04:08:21.180 when

04:08:22.400 Nietzsche

04:08:23.040 took

04:08:23.340 Descartes

04:08:23.900 I

04:08:24.060 think

04:08:24.280 therefore

04:08:24.580 I

04:08:24.800 am

04:08:24.980 a

04:08:25.120 part

04:08:25.380 and

04:08:25.580 he

04:08:25.680 said

04:08:25.880 well

04:08:26.020 it

04:08:26.120 isn't

04:08:27.500 I

04:08:27.700 first

04:08:28.460 of

04:08:28.640 all

04:08:28.880 that

04:08:29.660 it's

04:08:29.860 a

04:08:30.020 unity

04:08:30.340 like

04:08:31.060 a

04:08:31.240 unity

04:08:32.200 transparent

04:08:32.900 unto

04:08:33.200 itself

04:08:33.640 which

04:08:33.920 of

04:08:34.080 course

04:08:34.240 the

04:08:34.440 psychoanalysts

04:08:35.240 picked up

04:08:35.620 in a

04:08:35.800 big way

04:08:36.140 and

04:08:36.600 then

04:08:36.740 he

04:08:37.160 wasn't

04:08:37.540 sure

04:08:37.740 that

04:08:37.940 it

04:08:38.060 was

04:08:38.200 the

04:08:38.380 I

04:08:38.720 who

04:08:38.960 thought

04:08:39.580 in

04:08:40.080 some

04:08:40.300 causal

04:08:40.780 manner

04:08:41.200 he

04:08:41.380 said

04:08:41.560 well

04:08:41.740 no

04:08:41.960 it's

04:08:42.160 more

04:08:42.300 like

04:08:42.540 thoughts

04:08:43.420 it's

04:08:43.860 something

04:08:44.100 like

04:08:44.320 thoughts

04:08:44.680 appear

04:08:45.060 in

04:08:45.260 the

04:08:45.400 phenomenal

04:08:45.820 field

04:08:46.360 and

04:08:47.120 maybe

04:08:47.360 you

04:08:47.560 choose

04:08:47.900 between

04:08:48.260 them

04:08:48.460 or

04:08:48.580 maybe

04:08:48.800 they

04:08:48.980 possess

04:08:49.400 you

04:08:49.680 like

04:08:49.880 there's

04:08:50.040 lots

04:08:50.240 of

04:08:50.360 other

04:08:50.520 ways

04:08:50.720 of

04:08:50.860 thinking

04:08:51.080 about

04:08:51.320 it

04:08:51.500 it

04:08:52.000 isn't

04:08:52.280 exactly

04:08:52.780 obvious

04:08:53.300 to

04:08:53.540 me

04:08:53.700 why

04:08:53.980 we

04:08:54.220 choose

04:08:54.640 to

04:08:54.920 take

04:08:55.580 one

04:08:55.940 pathway

04:08:56.480 rather than

04:08:57.120 another

04:08:57.500 when

04:08:58.500 so many

04:08:59.080 of

04:08:59.280 them

04:08:59.520 offer

04:09:01.340 themselves

04:09:01.860 to

04:09:02.160 us

04:09:02.400 you know

04:09:02.660 people

04:09:03.160 tend

04:09:03.460 to

04:09:03.660 talk

04:09:03.920 about

04:09:04.200 that

04:09:04.500 as

04:09:04.760 something

04:09:05.180 like

04:09:05.500 conscience

04:09:06.220 right

04:09:07.360 and

04:09:07.820 now

04:09:08.500 maybe

04:09:09.160 it's

04:09:09.500 that

04:09:09.800 it's

04:09:16.260 got to

04:09:16.580 have

04:09:16.740 something

04:09:17.120 to

04:09:17.380 do

04:09:17.600 I

04:09:17.820 think

04:09:18.360 it's

04:09:20.140 an

04:09:20.240 endless

04:09:20.500 regress

04:09:21.020 because

04:09:21.320 you

04:09:21.480 can

04:09:21.620 always

04:09:21.920 ask

04:09:22.420 why

04:09:22.820 any

04:09:23.940 assumption

04:09:24.440 became

04:09:25.080 primary

04:09:25.580 but

04:09:26.300 I'll

04:09:26.560 put

04:09:26.720 that

04:09:26.900 aside

04:09:27.220 for

04:09:27.560 a

04:09:27.700 moment

04:09:27.940 it

04:09:28.420 seems

04:09:28.680 to

04:09:28.840 me

04:09:28.960 to

04:09:29.080 have

04:09:29.260 something

04:09:29.660 to

04:09:29.900 do

04:09:30.080 with

04:09:30.400 your

04:09:31.060 aims

04:09:31.620 you know

04:09:33.220 that

04:09:33.820 you're

04:09:34.640 more

04:09:34.860 likely

04:09:35.220 to

04:09:35.600 listen

04:09:36.300 to

04:09:36.620 a

04:09:36.940 voice

04:09:37.380 that

04:09:37.660 is

04:09:37.880 in

04:09:38.100 keeping

04:09:38.440 with

04:09:38.860 your

04:09:39.040 most

04:09:39.400 fundamental

04:09:40.020 aims

04:09:40.540 and

04:09:41.420 then

04:09:41.580 the

04:09:41.800 question

04:09:42.120 is

04:09:42.380 where

04:09:42.580 do

04:09:42.700 your

04:09:42.840 most

04:09:43.120 fundamental

04:09:43.600 aims

04:09:43.960 come

04:09:44.260 from

04:09:44.520 and

04:09:44.680 from

04:09:45.180 what

04:09:45.320 I've

04:09:45.520 been

04:09:45.660 able

04:09:48.360 is

04:09:48.640 that

04:09:48.820 to

04:09:49.980 begin

04:09:50.260 with

04:09:50.520 your

04:09:50.800 concatenation

04:09:52.100 of

04:09:52.500 rather

04:09:53.020 primitive

04:09:53.580 sub-personalities

04:09:54.760 hungry

04:09:55.380 ones

04:09:55.820 tired

04:09:56.220 ones

04:09:56.680 upset

04:09:57.380 ones

04:09:57.780 laughing

04:09:58.180 ones

04:09:58.480 you can

04:09:58.740 see

04:09:58.900 that

04:09:59.100 in

04:09:59.260 babies

04:09:59.600 you know

04:09:59.860 they cycle

04:10:00.340 through

04:10:00.540 those

04:10:00.780 states

04:10:01.060 very

04:10:01.340 rapidly

04:10:01.760 there's

04:10:02.340 a

04:10:02.660 infantile

04:10:04.620 unity

04:10:05.200 above

04:10:05.860 all that

04:10:06.340 but it

04:10:06.620 doesn't

04:10:06.880 have

04:10:07.080 control

04:10:07.560 right

04:10:08.000 and

04:10:08.760 so

04:10:09.060 then

04:10:10.020 the

04:10:10.420 developing

04:10:10.940 individual

04:10:11.420 has to

04:10:11.820 figure

04:10:11.960 out

04:10:12.060 how

04:10:12.160 to

04:10:12.300 integrate

04:10:12.800 those

04:10:13.320 primitive

04:10:14.800 sub-personalities

04:10:15.780 into

04:10:16.180 a

04:10:16.840 unified

04:10:17.340 personality

04:10:18.100 at the

04:10:19.640 same

04:10:19.860 time

04:10:20.140 they

04:10:20.320 integrate

04:10:20.700 the

04:10:20.900 unified

04:10:21.220 personality

04:10:21.900 into

04:10:22.380 a

04:10:23.280 social

04:10:23.720 unity

04:10:24.220 so

04:10:25.480 it's

04:10:26.160 partly

04:10:26.520 individual

04:10:27.460 integration

04:10:28.720 but it's

04:10:29.720 fed by

04:10:30.340 social

04:10:30.780 forces

04:10:31.260 I mean

04:10:31.560 even

04:10:31.820 when you

04:10:32.320 watch

04:10:32.640 an infant

04:10:33.700 breastfeed

04:10:34.440 it's

04:10:35.900 established

04:10:36.400 a relationship

04:10:37.060 with its

04:10:37.540 mother

04:10:37.800 and there's

04:10:38.320 a reciprocity

04:10:39.260 that's

04:10:39.560 already

04:10:39.920 at play

04:10:40.480 there

04:10:40.820 so

04:10:41.800 then

04:10:42.080 that

04:10:43.000 underlying

04:10:43.720 multiplicity

04:10:44.600 starts to

04:10:45.160 form itself

04:10:45.740 into

04:10:46.000 a

04:10:46.200 unity

04:10:46.540 and

04:10:47.580 then

04:10:47.740 the

04:10:47.900 question

04:10:48.240 and I

04:10:48.580 would

04:10:48.720 say

04:10:48.920 that's

04:10:49.240 something

04:10:49.500 like

04:10:49.860 that's

04:10:51.280 something

04:10:51.500 like

04:10:51.720 the

04:10:51.860 emergence

04:10:52.240 of

04:10:52.540 the

04:10:52.780 individual

04:10:53.940 out

04:10:54.280 of

04:10:54.460 the

04:10:55.620 titans

04:10:56.880 that's

04:10:57.560 a

04:10:57.680 reasonable

04:10:57.980 way

04:10:58.240 of

04:10:58.360 thinking

04:10:58.600 about

04:10:58.900 it

04:10:59.080 like

04:10:59.940 a

04:11:00.120 sovereign

04:11:00.440 out

04:11:00.700 of

04:11:00.800 the

04:11:00.960 titans

04:11:01.400 it's

04:11:01.640 something

04:11:01.840 like

04:11:02.100 that

04:11:02.400 but

04:11:03.500 then

04:11:03.640 there's

04:11:03.840 another

04:11:04.120 division

04:11:04.580 which

04:11:04.900 seems

04:11:05.720 to

04:11:05.840 me

04:11:05.960 to

04:11:06.080 parallel

04:11:06.460 the

04:11:07.660 Cain

04:11:08.820 enabled

04:11:09.220 division

04:11:09.680 it's

04:11:09.960 that

04:11:10.120 that

04:11:10.660 integration

04:11:11.180 can

04:11:11.520 be

04:11:11.680 oriented

04:11:12.100 towards

04:11:12.500 something

04:11:12.820 that's

04:11:13.060 positive

04:11:13.420 but

04:11:13.620 it can

04:11:13.840 also

04:11:16.540 and

04:11:17.680 that's

04:11:18.080 the

04:11:18.240 split

04:11:18.540 of

04:11:19.020 the

04:11:19.140 world

04:11:19.360 into

04:11:19.560 good

04:11:19.780 and

04:11:19.920 evil

04:11:20.180 I

04:11:20.400 think

04:11:20.700 and

04:11:20.920 then

04:11:21.260 it

04:11:21.880 looks

04:11:22.100 like

04:11:22.340 you're

04:11:22.560 navigating

04:11:23.160 between

04:11:23.600 those

04:11:23.840 and I

04:11:24.140 can

04:11:24.300 only

04:11:24.560 account

04:11:24.900 for

04:11:25.100 that

04:11:25.340 with

04:11:25.700 something

04:11:25.980 like

04:11:26.220 choice

04:11:26.700 like

04:11:26.920 I

04:11:27.060 think

04:11:27.260 the

04:11:27.400 free

04:11:27.580 choice

04:11:27.940 even

04:11:28.920 though

04:11:29.200 I

04:11:29.480 don't

04:11:29.660 understand

04:11:30.080 it

04:11:30.500 I'm

04:11:31.720 unwilling

04:11:32.160 to

04:11:32.480 deny

04:11:32.940 the

04:11:33.220 existence

04:11:33.680 of

04:11:34.000 free

04:11:34.240 choice

04:11:34.580 merely

04:11:34.940 because

04:11:35.300 I

04:11:35.500 don't

04:11:35.720 understand

04:11:36.160 it

04:11:36.600 because

04:11:37.280 it

04:11:37.480 looks

04:11:37.980 to

04:11:38.180 me

04:11:38.360 like

04:11:38.620 that's

04:11:39.620 how

04:11:39.740 people

04:11:40.020 act

04:11:40.460 that's

04:11:40.820 how

04:11:40.900 they

04:11:41.060 expect

04:11:41.360 to

04:11:41.540 be

04:11:41.680 treated

04:11:41.980 and

04:11:42.520 that

04:11:42.700 societies

04:11:43.240 who

04:11:43.640 that

04:11:44.380 structure

04:11:45.160 themselves

04:11:45.700 in

04:11:45.900 accordance

04:11:46.260 with

04:11:46.500 the

04:11:46.640 idea

04:11:46.960 that

04:11:47.180 people

04:11:47.440 have

04:11:47.680 free

04:11:47.900 choice

04:11:48.280 actually

04:11:48.960 work

04:11:49.500 now

04:11:50.220 that

04:11:50.360 doesn't

04:11:50.640 prove

04:11:50.980 that

04:11:51.160 there's

04:11:51.400 free

04:11:51.620 choice

04:11:52.000 but

04:11:52.220 people

04:11:52.480 have

04:11:52.580 been

04:11:52.700 arguing

04:11:52.960 about

04:11:53.200 that

04:11:53.440 forever

04:11:53.820 so

04:11:54.180 but

04:11:55.380 it

04:11:55.500 looks

04:11:55.680 to

04:11:55.820 me

04:11:55.980 so

04:11:56.180 those

04:11:56.460 are

04:11:56.560 two

04:11:56.780 possible

04:11:57.320 means

04:11:57.760 of

04:11:57.920 integration

04:11:58.520 and

04:11:58.780 then

04:11:58.920 I

04:11:59.080 think

04:11:59.320 what

04:11:59.480 you're

04:11:59.660 doing

04:11:59.900 is

04:12:00.220 feeding

04:12:01.900 one

04:12:02.140 or

04:12:02.260 the

04:12:02.380 other

04:12:02.600 constantly

04:12:03.200 and

04:12:04.900 I

04:12:05.020 think

04:12:05.220 you

04:12:05.340 probably

04:12:10.900 to

04:12:11.080 me

04:12:11.240 as

04:12:11.420 well

04:12:11.620 like

04:12:11.840 when

04:12:11.980 I

04:12:12.100 look

04:12:12.240 at

04:12:12.340 my

04:12:12.520 own

04:12:12.820 you

04:12:13.700 know

04:12:13.860 maybe

04:12:15.120 you're

04:12:15.320 really

04:12:15.740 aggravated

04:12:16.480 with

04:12:16.960 something

04:12:17.360 maybe

04:12:17.880 you're

04:12:18.040 aggravated

04:12:18.440 with

04:12:18.620 your

04:12:18.780 wife

04:12:19.140 you

04:12:19.300 know

04:12:19.480 or

04:12:20.340 your

04:12:21.060 child

04:12:21.560 or

04:12:21.720 something

04:12:21.960 like

04:12:22.200 that

04:12:22.460 you

04:12:22.580 know

04:12:22.720 and

04:12:23.340 you're

04:12:24.100 feeling

04:12:24.260 kind

04:12:24.480 of

04:12:24.580 nasty

04:12:24.980 and

04:12:25.700 maybe

04:12:26.540 even

04:12:26.840 know

04:12:27.020 that

04:12:27.180 you're

04:12:27.360 in

04:12:27.460 the

04:12:27.600 wrong

04:12:27.900 and

04:12:28.240 an

04:12:28.360 idea

04:12:28.620 comes

04:12:28.900 into

04:12:29.100 your

04:12:29.260 head

04:12:29.580 you

04:12:29.700 think

04:12:29.940 I

04:12:30.120 could

04:12:30.320 say

04:12:30.620 that

04:12:31.000 and

04:12:32.280 you

04:12:32.400 know

04:12:32.560 you

04:12:32.740 could

04:12:32.900 say

04:12:33.160 it

04:12:33.380 and

04:12:40.900 hell

04:12:41.060 with

04:12:41.280 it

04:12:41.500 which

04:12:42.060 is

04:12:42.180 quite

04:12:42.740 the

04:12:42.920 thing

04:12:43.080 to

04:12:43.240 say

04:12:43.400 I've

04:12:43.600 got

04:12:43.720 a

04:12:43.840 little

04:12:43.960 story

04:12:44.300 about

04:12:44.540 that

04:12:44.860 in

04:12:45.220 a

04:12:45.320 minute

04:12:45.520 and

04:12:46.640 then

04:12:46.800 you

04:12:46.940 say

04:12:47.220 it

04:12:47.500 but

04:12:48.220 you

04:12:48.360 knew

04:12:48.720 you

04:12:49.820 knew

04:12:50.080 that

04:12:50.500 you

04:12:50.900 took

04:12:51.100 the

04:12:51.260 low

04:12:51.440 road

04:12:51.820 right

04:12:52.120 and

04:12:53.080 you

04:12:53.240 know

04:12:53.440 it

04:12:53.620 and

04:12:53.760 then

04:12:53.900 you're

04:12:54.080 guilty

04:12:54.420 about

04:12:54.720 that

04:12:54.940 and

04:12:55.040 defensive

04:12:55.420 and

04:12:55.620 that

04:12:55.760 makes

04:12:55.980 the

04:12:56.140 fight

04:12:56.340 way

04:12:56.620 worse

04:12:56.920 because

04:12:57.220 then

04:12:57.500 there's

04:12:57.720 no

04:12:57.880 damn

04:12:58.180 way

04:12:58.360 you're

04:12:58.560 going

04:12:58.680 to

04:12:58.740 admit

04:12:58.980 that

04:12:59.180 you

04:12:59.380 actually

04:12:59.960 did

04:13:00.240 that

04:13:00.560 and

04:13:01.180 so

04:13:01.300 things

04:13:01.580 do

04:13:01.780 go

04:13:01.960 to

04:13:02.120 hell

04:13:02.380 and

04:13:03.060 so

04:13:03.340 so

04:13:03.980 here's

04:13:04.300 here's

04:13:04.560 an ugly

04:13:04.900 little

04:13:05.160 idea

04:13:05.540 so

04:13:06.760 that's

04:13:07.440 that's

04:13:07.960 that's

04:13:08.580 relevant

04:13:09.380 to the

04:13:09.800 question

04:13:10.140 so

04:13:10.380 imagine

04:13:11.020 you're

04:13:11.960 playing

04:13:12.740 around

04:13:12.980 with

04:13:13.160 cocaine

04:13:13.580 now

04:13:15.400 I'm

04:13:15.960 using

04:13:16.240 cocaine

04:13:16.720 because

04:13:17.080 it's

04:13:17.360 very

04:13:17.620 addictive

04:13:18.020 but

04:13:18.300 it's

04:13:18.540 a

04:13:18.640 very

04:13:18.820 interesting

04:13:19.240 chemical

04:13:19.700 because

04:13:20.040 it's

04:13:20.540 a

04:13:20.700 dopaminergic

04:13:21.420 agonist

04:13:21.960 and

04:13:22.120 what

04:13:23.000 dopamine

04:13:24.080 does

04:13:24.520 is

04:13:24.680 two

04:13:24.880 things

04:13:25.220 it

04:13:25.380 makes

04:13:25.580 you

04:13:25.720 feel

04:13:26.000 like

04:13:26.360 what

04:13:26.540 you're

04:13:26.680 doing

04:13:26.860 is

04:13:27.020 worthwhile

04:13:27.480 but

04:13:28.220 it

04:13:28.340 also

04:13:28.780 imagine

04:13:31.180 circuits

04:13:31.540 that

04:13:31.780 are

04:13:32.000 active

04:13:32.440 and

04:13:32.740 then

04:13:33.000 they

04:13:33.520 get

04:13:33.660 a

04:13:33.740 hit

04:13:33.860 of

04:13:34.000 dopamine

04:13:34.400 or

04:13:35.100 you

04:13:35.300 do

04:13:35.500 then

04:13:35.960 those

04:13:36.200 neural

04:13:36.460 circuits

04:13:36.840 get

04:13:37.060 a

04:13:37.160 little

04:13:37.280 bit

04:13:37.440 more

04:13:37.640 powerful

04:13:38.160 okay

04:13:39.380 so

04:13:39.640 it

04:13:39.800 has

04:13:40.280 a

04:13:40.440 rewarding

04:13:40.900 property

04:13:42.140 which

04:13:42.420 is

04:13:42.540 that

04:13:42.680 it

04:13:42.760 makes

04:13:42.920 you

04:13:43.040 feel

04:13:43.260 like

04:13:43.720 what

04:13:43.880 you're

04:13:44.020 doing

04:13:44.220 is

04:13:44.440 important

04:13:45.160 and

04:13:45.920 it

04:13:46.020 has

04:13:46.220 a

04:13:46.380 reinforcing

04:13:46.960 property

04:13:47.440 which

04:13:47.700 is

04:13:47.820 it

04:13:47.960 makes

04:13:48.380 neural

04:13:49.180 circuits

04:13:49.640 grow

04:13:50.040 so

04:13:50.680 now

04:13:51.480 what

04:13:51.680 that

04:13:51.860 means

04:13:52.160 is

04:13:52.360 that

04:13:52.600 whatever

04:13:54.520 you

04:13:54.760 were

04:13:54.860 doing

04:13:55.100 just

04:13:55.400 before

04:13:55.900 you

04:13:56.160 took

04:13:56.560 cocaine

04:13:57.040 grows

04:13:57.740 okay

04:13:59.440 so

04:13:59.640 now

04:13:59.820 imagine

04:14:00.160 there's

04:14:00.640 a bunch

04:14:00.980 of

04:14:01.140 different

04:14:01.460 things

04:14:01.760 that

04:14:01.920 you

04:14:02.040 do

04:14:02.220 just

04:14:02.440 before

04:14:02.740 you

04:14:02.920 take

04:14:03.160 cocaine

04:14:03.580 but

04:14:04.620 there's

04:14:04.880 a

04:14:05.020 string

04:14:05.300 of

04:14:05.500 decisions

04:14:06.020 and

04:14:06.780 at

04:14:06.960 one

04:14:07.460 decision

04:14:07.860 point

04:14:08.260 is

04:14:08.560 the

04:14:08.740 same

04:14:09.000 for

04:14:09.200 all

04:14:09.500 of

04:14:09.660 those

04:14:09.860 different

04:14:10.240 occurrences

04:14:10.880 and

04:14:11.120 that

04:14:11.280 decision

04:14:11.660 point

04:14:12.000 is

04:14:12.300 because

04:14:12.780 you

04:14:12.900 know

04:14:13.100 you're

04:14:13.300 in

04:14:13.420 trouble

04:14:13.720 and

04:14:14.280 that

04:14:14.420 decision

04:14:14.740 point

04:14:15.020 is

04:14:15.220 well

04:14:15.760 to

04:14:15.960 hell

04:14:16.180 with

04:14:16.420 it

04:14:16.660 okay

04:14:18.340 so

04:14:18.620 then

04:14:18.900 you

04:14:19.740 think

04:14:20.020 that

04:14:20.320 each

04:14:20.760 of

04:14:20.940 the

04:14:21.140 200

04:14:21.660 times

04:14:22.140 that

04:14:22.340 you

04:14:22.480 take

04:14:22.760 cocaine

04:14:23.080 even

04:14:23.300 though

04:14:23.460 you

04:14:23.580 do

04:14:23.700 it

04:14:23.820 in

04:14:23.900 different

04:14:24.120 places

04:14:24.560 but

04:14:25.220 that

04:14:25.620 one

04:14:25.920 thought

04:14:26.300 is

04:14:26.520 there

04:14:26.740 all

04:14:27.000 the

04:14:27.180 time

04:14:27.460 and

04:14:27.860 that

04:14:28.060 thing

04:14:28.280 grows

04:14:28.800 because

04:14:29.160 you're

04:14:29.600 reinforcing

04:14:30.440 it

04:14:30.640 and

04:14:30.780 it

04:14:30.920 grows

04:14:31.260 and

04:14:31.440 it

04:14:31.560 grows

04:14:31.900 and

04:14:32.080 it

04:14:32.200 grows

04:14:32.540 and

04:14:33.000 so

04:14:33.120 now

04:14:33.320 that's

04:14:33.660 in

04:14:33.860 you

04:14:34.040 that's

04:14:34.360 that's

04:14:34.620 part

04:14:34.900 of

04:14:35.020 you

04:14:35.160 and

04:14:35.580 it's

04:14:35.920 the

04:14:36.200 thing

04:14:36.480 that

04:14:36.700 says

04:14:37.020 to

04:14:37.240 hell

04:14:37.440 with

04:14:37.660 it

04:14:37.900 okay

04:14:38.920 so

04:14:39.180 now

04:14:39.480 and

04:14:40.780 maybe

04:14:41.020 that's

04:14:41.300 not

04:14:41.460 such

04:14:41.680 a

04:14:41.780 good

04:14:41.920 thing

04:14:42.180 to

04:14:42.340 grow

04:14:42.580 inside

04:14:52.340 you're

04:14:52.760 not

04:14:52.940 craving

04:14:53.360 you

04:14:53.880 don't

04:14:54.020 have

04:14:54.220 a

04:14:54.340 problem

04:14:54.680 as

04:14:55.540 long

04:14:55.760 as

04:14:55.920 you're

04:14:56.100 there

04:14:56.460 but

04:14:57.060 then

04:14:57.240 they

04:14:57.380 take

04:14:57.620 you

04:14:57.740 back

04:14:57.980 to

04:14:58.140 your

04:14:58.280 normal

04:14:58.580 environment

04:14:59.080 and

04:14:59.340 you

04:14:59.460 see

04:14:59.760 like

04:15:00.200 cocaine

04:15:01.000 Joe

04:15:01.360 your

04:15:01.620 friend

04:15:02.060 and

04:15:02.860 as

04:15:03.600 soon

04:15:03.860 as

04:15:04.020 you

04:15:04.160 see

04:15:04.400 him

04:15:04.640 up

04:15:04.940 that

04:15:05.160 thing

04:15:05.400 comes

04:15:05.740 and

04:15:05.900 bang

04:15:06.220 you're

04:15:06.500 back

04:15:06.840 on the

04:15:07.200 you're

04:15:07.900 back

04:15:08.160 on the

04:15:09.760 to hell

04:15:10.060 with

04:15:10.280 the

04:15:10.400 track

04:15:10.780 and

04:15:11.400 that's

04:15:11.660 where

04:15:11.800 you

04:15:11.920 will

04:15:13.320 end

04:15:13.600 up

04:15:13.840 too

04:15:14.080 if

04:15:14.800 you

04:15:15.060 reinforce

04:15:16.120 that

04:15:16.540 particular

04:15:17.040 perspective

04:15:17.760 long

04:15:18.120 enough

04:15:18.420 so

04:15:22.340 making

04:15:22.480 process

04:15:22.960 you

04:15:23.120 know

04:15:23.240 if

04:15:23.900 you

04:15:24.080 take

04:15:24.820 the

04:15:25.040 low

04:15:25.280 road

04:15:25.660 then

04:15:26.540 that

04:15:26.800 wins

04:15:27.200 and

04:15:27.400 it

04:15:27.500 gets

04:15:27.660 a

04:15:27.760 little

04:15:27.880 stronger

04:15:28.380 because

04:15:29.060 everything

04:15:29.720 that

04:15:30.100 wins

04:15:30.700 neurologically

04:15:33.120 gets a

04:15:33.640 little

04:15:33.760 stronger

04:15:34.120 it's

04:15:34.280 like

04:15:34.400 a

04:15:34.520 Darwinian

04:15:34.960 competition

04:15:35.540 so

04:15:36.340 one

04:15:37.380 rule

04:15:37.660 is

04:15:37.860 don't

04:15:38.220 practice

04:15:38.660 what

04:15:38.900 you

04:15:39.040 don't

04:15:39.260 want

04:15:39.440 to

04:15:39.540 become

04:15:39.960 because

04:15:40.480 you

04:15:40.680 really

04:15:40.980 do

04:15:41.200 become

04:15:41.860 that

04:15:42.180 it

04:15:42.400 builds

04:15:42.740 itself

04:15:43.600 right

04:15:44.060 into

04:15:44.360 your

04:15:44.580 neural

04:15:44.880 architecture

04:15:45.460 and

04:15:46.260 that's

04:15:46.480 one

04:15:46.600 of

04:15:46.680 the

04:15:46.780 terrifying

04:15:47.100 things

04:15:47.460 about

04:15:47.660 addiction

04:15:48.060 you

04:15:48.240 know

04:15:48.340 because

04:15:48.500 you

04:15:48.620 think

04:15:48.800 well

04:15:49.000 it's

04:15:49.340 kind

04:15:49.480 of

04:15:49.580 psychological

04:15:50.120 it's

04:15:50.480 like

04:15:50.660 yeah

04:15:51.280 kind

04:15:51.680 of

04:15:51.880 it's

04:15:52.380 also

04:15:52.580 kind

04:15:52.920 of

04:15:53.060 neurophysiological

04:15:53.940 and you

04:15:54.340 build a

04:15:54.760 one-eyed

04:15:55.340 cocaine

04:15:56.180 monster

04:15:56.840 in your

04:15:57.260 head

04:15:57.540 if you

04:15:57.920 hit

04:15:58.420 yourself

04:15:58.840 enough

04:15:59.180 with

04:15:59.360 something

04:15:59.680 that

04:16:00.040 reinforcing

04:16:01.200 so

04:16:02.240 yeah

04:16:04.480 last

04:16:11.100 question

04:16:11.660 I guess

04:16:12.260 hallelujah

04:16:13.420 just a

04:16:14.940 really

04:16:15.320 simple

04:16:15.760 question

04:16:16.220 then

04:16:16.500 about

04:16:16.760 long

04:16:19.940 suffering

04:16:20.400 so

04:16:20.960 when

04:16:22.420 it

04:16:22.600 one

04:16:23.020 of

04:16:23.140 the

04:16:23.260 things

04:16:23.540 that

04:16:23.700 I was

04:16:23.840 noticing

04:16:24.220 from

04:16:24.580 the

04:16:24.740 stories

04:16:25.080 of

04:16:25.260 Jacob

04:16:25.540 and

04:16:25.840 a lot

04:16:26.060 of

04:16:26.180 these

04:16:26.320 biblical

04:16:26.640 narratives

04:16:27.140 is

04:16:27.920 you

04:16:28.080 do

04:16:28.380 have

04:16:28.900 this

04:16:29.200 all

04:16:29.460 powerful

04:16:29.940 God

04:16:30.360 who's

04:16:30.580 able

04:16:30.780 to

04:16:30.940 kind

04:16:31.180 of

04:16:31.420 essentially

04:16:32.660 be

04:16:32.900 the

04:16:33.100 hidden

04:16:33.340 protagonist

04:16:33.860 in

04:16:34.180 the

04:16:34.300 narrative

04:16:34.640 but

04:16:35.300 then

04:16:35.460 the

04:16:35.640 funny

04:16:35.900 thing

04:16:36.320 is

04:16:37.480 that

04:16:37.680 he's

04:16:37.900 kind

04:16:38.160 of

04:16:38.300 revealing

04:16:38.660 some

04:16:38.940 of

04:16:39.040 his

04:16:39.160 qualities

04:16:39.600 throughout

04:16:39.840 the

04:16:39.980 course

04:16:40.220 of

04:16:40.340 the

04:16:40.460 story

04:16:40.760 so

04:16:40.940 you

04:16:41.080 were

04:16:41.200 talking

04:16:41.560 about

04:16:42.000 the

04:16:43.940 weird

04:16:44.280 paradox

04:16:44.980 of

04:16:45.680 the

04:16:45.840 fact

04:16:46.120 that

04:16:46.380 God

04:16:46.760 somehow

04:16:47.300 allows

04:16:48.180 Jacob

04:16:48.660 Israel

04:16:49.080 to

04:16:49.420 win

04:16:49.620 the

04:16:49.800 fight

04:16:50.140 yeah

04:16:50.760 so

04:16:52.920 my

04:16:53.100 question

04:16:53.520 is

04:16:54.040 relating

04:16:54.420 to

04:16:54.640 panseps

04:16:55.120 thing

04:16:55.360 about

04:16:55.580 the

04:16:55.760 rats

04:16:56.100 that

04:16:56.680 you

04:16:56.820 told

04:16:57.260 like

04:16:57.540 three

04:16:57.800 or

04:16:57.940 four

04:16:58.140 times

04:16:58.540 on

04:16:58.700 a

04:16:58.800 number

04:16:58.940 of

04:16:59.080 occasions

04:16:59.420 I

04:16:59.620 saw

04:16:59.760 one

04:16:59.880 of

04:16:59.980 recent

04:17:00.340 videos

04:17:00.660 you

04:17:00.800 talked

04:17:01.040 about

04:17:01.280 it

04:17:01.440 where

04:17:01.840 the

04:17:01.980 bigger

04:17:02.200 rat

04:17:02.460 lets

04:17:02.700 the

04:17:02.880 smaller

04:17:03.200 rat

04:17:03.500 win

04:17:03.840 because

04:17:04.300 then

04:17:04.480 the

04:17:04.600 smaller

04:17:05.300 rat

04:17:05.580 won't

04:17:05.780 engage

04:17:06.160 in

04:17:06.300 the

04:17:06.400 game

04:17:06.720 so

04:17:07.100 the

04:17:07.220 question

04:17:07.580 is

04:17:07.860 two

04:17:14.280 is

04:17:19.320 it

04:17:19.480 a

04:17:19.580 much

04:17:19.780 more

04:17:20.000 primitive

04:17:20.400 version

04:17:20.920 of

04:17:21.400 the

04:17:21.580 virtue

04:17:21.860 of

04:17:22.080 humility

04:17:22.580 which

04:17:23.060 you

04:17:23.220 wouldn't

04:17:23.520 normally

04:17:24.080 characterize

04:17:24.760 of

04:17:25.100 an

04:17:25.220 omnipotent

04:17:27.520 deity

04:17:27.940 well

04:17:30.360 those

04:17:30.600 are

04:17:30.720 excellent

04:17:31.100 questions

04:17:31.780 that's

04:17:32.420 I

04:17:32.720 really

04:17:32.920 like

04:17:33.120 the

04:17:33.280 second

04:17:33.560 one

04:17:33.800 in

04:17:33.960 particular

04:17:34.420 that

04:17:35.220 God's

04:17:36.500 decision

04:17:37.160 to

04:17:37.420 allow

04:17:37.860 human

04:17:38.860 victory

04:17:39.300 from

04:17:39.560 time

04:17:39.780 to

04:17:39.920 time

04:17:40.140 is

04:17:40.320 actually

04:17:40.680 a

04:17:40.860 manifestation

04:17:41.360 of

04:17:41.760 something

04:17:42.100 approximating

04:17:42.800 humility

04:17:43.300 or

04:17:43.920 at least

04:17:44.220 mercy

04:17:44.740 but

04:17:45.400 humility

04:17:45.820 is

04:17:46.020 an

04:17:46.100 interesting

04:17:46.520 take

04:17:47.080 on

04:17:47.320 it

04:17:47.480 well

04:17:47.780 it's

04:17:47.960 also

04:17:48.200 connected

04:17:48.640 to

04:17:48.900 Paul's

04:17:49.580 image

04:17:50.560 of

04:17:51.000 how

04:17:51.220 Christ

04:17:51.700 hands

04:17:52.040 himself

04:17:52.880 over

04:17:53.540 and

04:17:54.240 allows

04:17:54.580 himself

04:17:55.020 to be

04:17:55.420 defeated

04:17:55.860 by

04:17:56.200 men

04:17:56.560 and

04:17:57.040 therefore

04:17:57.360 conquers

04:17:57.920 sin

04:17:58.280 which

04:17:58.540 is

04:17:58.720 man's

04:17:59.140 enemy

04:17:59.460 it's

04:17:59.860 a

04:18:00.000 weird

04:18:00.320 it's

04:18:01.060 the

04:18:01.220 same

04:18:01.460 paradox

04:18:02.080 where

04:18:02.360 God

04:18:02.720 enters

04:18:03.120 into

04:18:03.420 that

04:18:03.660 dynamic

04:18:04.120 with

04:18:04.340 people

04:18:04.700 and

04:18:05.200 willingly

04:18:06.380 loses

04:18:07.020 yeah

04:18:08.940 well

04:18:09.260 that's

04:18:09.600 a

04:18:09.760 okay

04:18:11.200 so

04:18:11.440 the

04:18:11.640 first

04:18:11.880 thing

04:18:12.080 I

04:18:12.180 would

04:18:12.320 say

04:18:12.520 is

04:18:12.680 that

04:18:12.840 that's

04:18:13.180 a

04:18:13.260 really

04:18:13.460 interesting

04:18:14.120 analogy

04:18:14.620 I

04:18:15.640 can't

04:18:18.820 it's

04:18:19.020 complicated

04:18:19.540 enough

04:18:20.000 questions

04:18:20.480 so that

04:18:20.860 I can't

04:18:22.380 go beyond

04:18:22.880 I don't

04:18:23.180 think I can

04:18:23.620 go beyond

04:18:24.100 the question

04:18:24.680 actually

04:18:25.160 because it's

04:18:25.760 so complicated

04:18:26.400 that I don't

04:18:27.000 think I can

04:18:27.440 formulate it

04:18:28.020 any better

04:18:28.400 than you

04:18:28.740 already did

04:18:29.400 like

04:18:30.140 like it's

04:18:30.320 like it's

04:18:30.340 an interesting

04:18:30.880 string of

04:18:31.460 ideas

04:18:31.920 I'd

04:18:32.180 have to

04:18:32.460 play

04:18:32.680 with it

04:18:32.960 a while

04:18:33.240 to see

04:18:33.700 it does

04:18:34.720 shed

04:18:35.580 an interesting

04:18:36.380 light

04:18:36.760 on

04:18:37.160 why God

04:18:38.420 is amenable

04:18:39.160 to

04:18:39.380 negotiation

04:18:40.200 in the

04:18:41.340 Old Testament

04:18:41.880 which is

04:18:42.260 really a

04:18:42.680 strange

04:18:42.980 as you

04:18:43.520 pointed out

04:18:43.920 it's

04:18:44.040 really a

04:18:44.400 strange

04:18:44.680 thing

04:18:44.980 it's

04:18:45.180 like

04:18:45.360 this is

04:18:46.220 omnipotent

04:18:46.840 God

04:18:47.220 who

04:18:47.440 obviously

04:18:47.800 can do

04:18:48.140 whatever

04:18:48.380 he

04:18:48.580 wants

04:18:48.980 and yet

04:18:49.800 he

04:18:50.000 can

04:18:50.940 be

04:18:51.180 bargained

04:18:51.620 with

04:18:51.960 and that

04:18:52.800 also

04:18:53.160 opens up

04:18:53.960 the question

04:18:54.440 of why

04:18:54.980 like your

04:18:55.440 hypothesis

04:18:55.940 is

04:18:56.320 well if

04:18:56.680 you

04:18:56.800 don't

04:18:57.060 let

04:18:59.400 get

04:18:59.540 dejected

04:19:00.160 and

04:19:00.360 quit

04:19:00.860 playing

04:19:01.320 and that's

04:19:02.060 I mean

04:19:02.460 that's

04:19:02.800 a pretty

04:19:03.240 good

04:19:03.420 observation

04:19:03.920 if people

04:19:04.520 don't get

04:19:04.980 to win

04:19:05.360 now and

04:19:05.740 then

04:19:06.020 you know

04:19:06.980 that's

04:19:07.580 kind of

04:19:07.800 what happens

04:19:08.180 to Cain

04:19:08.720 God says

04:19:10.080 well you're

04:19:10.620 not playing

04:19:10.980 a straight

04:19:11.340 game

04:19:11.620 that's

04:19:11.900 why you're

04:19:12.160 not

04:19:12.340 winning

04:19:12.700 but

04:19:13.460 I don't

04:19:17.020 know

04:19:17.280 there's an

04:19:21.700 intimation

04:19:22.380 in the

04:19:22.720 Old Testament

04:19:23.280 and I

04:19:23.660 think it's

04:19:24.000 more developed

04:19:24.560 in the

04:19:24.840 New Testament

04:19:25.320 maybe not

04:19:26.020 that

04:19:26.700 the straighter

04:19:27.700 the game

04:19:28.180 you play

04:19:28.660 the more

04:19:29.020 likely you

04:19:29.580 are to

04:19:29.880 win

04:19:30.240 and so

04:19:32.280 maybe

04:19:34.060 part of the

04:19:34.680 reason that

04:19:35.140 God lets

04:19:35.660 Abraham bargain

04:19:36.500 and even

04:19:37.400 Jacob

04:19:37.820 is because

04:19:38.700 they've started

04:19:39.400 to play

04:19:39.840 very straight

04:19:40.480 games

04:19:40.980 and so

04:19:42.180 maybe you do

04:19:42.740 win and you're

04:19:43.300 wrestling with

04:19:43.820 God if you

04:19:44.340 play a straight

04:19:44.860 game

04:19:45.220 I mean I

04:19:46.740 think that's

04:19:47.240 I actually

04:19:47.680 think that's

04:19:48.220 I think the

04:19:48.860 reason that's

04:19:49.480 true is because

04:19:50.040 that's actually

04:19:50.720 why we would

04:19:52.120 define it as

04:19:52.940 a straight

04:19:53.380 game

04:19:53.740 now then we

04:19:54.760 could speak

04:19:55.200 psychologically

04:19:55.940 again

04:19:56.440 I think that

04:19:57.440 what we've

04:19:58.060 come to

04:19:58.540 recognize as

04:19:59.920 a straight

04:20:00.440 game is

04:20:01.540 the game

04:20:02.120 that in the

04:20:02.860 broadest number

04:20:03.600 of situations

04:20:04.340 across the

04:20:05.720 widest range

04:20:06.520 of time spans

04:20:07.460 is most likely

04:20:08.760 to produce a

04:20:09.420 positive outcome

04:20:10.160 and that's

04:20:11.000 actually the

04:20:11.760 grounds for

04:20:12.660 our sense of

04:20:13.240 ethics

04:20:13.620 that it's really

04:20:14.360 practical

04:20:14.980 not to belabor

04:20:16.400 it too much

04:20:17.060 because there

04:20:17.540 was an interesting

04:20:18.620 insight from

04:20:19.220 Chesterton's

04:20:19.940 The Man Who

04:20:20.460 Was Thursday

04:20:20.960 where God

04:20:21.960 sets himself

04:20:22.560 up as the

04:20:23.500 benevolent antagonist

04:20:25.280 so as to

04:20:26.880 accelerate the

04:20:27.740 game

04:20:28.020 yeah well I

04:20:30.380 think that's a

04:20:31.200 really interesting

04:20:31.860 idea I mean

04:20:32.640 there is

04:20:33.780 there is hints

04:20:35.100 I would say

04:20:35.660 throughout the

04:20:36.760 biblical stories

04:20:37.740 that the reason

04:20:38.880 that God

04:20:39.980 tolerates Satan

04:20:41.500 let's say is

04:20:42.200 because without

04:20:43.780 an adversary

04:20:44.460 you're soft

04:20:45.540 and that's I

04:20:47.740 mean that's tied

04:20:48.400 in with the

04:20:49.020 notion that life

04:20:49.920 is something like

04:20:50.640 a moral struggle

04:20:51.640 you know that

04:20:52.580 that's the

04:20:52.960 fundamental essence

04:20:53.860 of being a

04:20:54.760 moral struggle

04:20:55.460 now I think

04:20:57.220 that that's

04:20:57.720 phenomenologically

04:20:58.720 a reasonable

04:21:00.260 observation

04:21:01.080 maybe other

04:21:02.340 people don't

04:21:02.820 experience it

04:21:03.460 that way

04:21:03.840 but it seems

04:21:04.900 to me like

04:21:05.660 within my own

04:21:06.620 experience that

04:21:07.280 that's accurate

04:21:08.060 now I don't

04:21:09.160 know what

04:21:09.500 again I don't

04:21:10.040 know what that

04:21:10.540 says about the

04:21:11.240 fundamental nature

04:21:11.980 of reality

04:21:12.540 but I had a

04:21:14.200 vision at one

04:21:14.800 point that I

04:21:16.200 was in a ring

04:21:17.140 with Satan

04:21:18.120 actually believe

04:21:20.000 it or not

04:21:20.460 and it was

04:21:22.840 like a Roman

04:21:23.720 Colosseum

04:21:24.480 and you know

04:21:26.960 I was rather

04:21:27.700 upset to find

04:21:29.460 myself there

04:21:30.160 but I won

04:21:30.940 and I asked

04:21:32.660 God afterwards

04:21:33.840 why he would

04:21:35.080 do such a

04:21:35.700 thing and his

04:21:36.820 answer was

04:21:37.700 he knew I

04:21:39.340 could win

04:21:39.820 that's interesting

04:21:41.600 you know because

04:21:42.180 like I don't

04:21:42.980 know what to

04:21:43.400 make of that

04:21:43.900 believe me I

04:21:44.580 have no idea

04:21:45.040 what to make

04:21:45.460 of that but

04:21:46.420 the idea was

04:21:47.720 that if you're

04:21:49.540 trying to

04:21:49.940 encourage someone

04:21:51.320 rather than

04:21:52.900 protect them

04:21:53.560 because those

04:21:53.940 are really

04:21:54.220 different things

04:21:54.920 right to

04:21:55.400 protect someone

04:21:56.080 isn't to

04:21:56.480 make them

04:21:56.780 strong to

04:21:57.280 encourage them

04:21:58.040 is to make

04:21:58.460 them strong

04:21:58.960 then you set

04:22:00.160 them a series

04:22:01.400 of challenges

04:22:02.440 right at the

04:22:06.420 point where

04:22:07.020 they may win

04:22:08.040 and maybe you

04:22:09.840 could make a

04:22:10.300 case that that's

04:22:10.900 what you do if

04:22:11.600 you really care

04:22:12.520 for someone

04:22:13.120 now I know

04:22:14.020 that that's

04:22:14.480 I'm not saying

04:22:15.760 that that

04:22:16.180 interpretation is

04:22:17.100 correct

04:22:17.560 but there's

04:22:20.080 something

04:22:20.460 I mean you

04:22:21.880 definitely with

04:22:22.720 your children

04:22:23.340 you know when

04:22:24.180 you're wrestling

04:22:24.700 with them say

04:22:25.380 when you're

04:22:25.720 playing with

04:22:26.200 them you

04:22:27.360 use you push

04:22:30.260 them to the

04:22:30.800 limit of their

04:22:31.380 ability because

04:22:33.300 otherwise they

04:22:33.820 don't transcend

04:22:34.740 their current

04:22:35.460 abilities so

04:22:37.620 so we'll see

04:22:55.260 some of you

04:22:56.100 perhaps most

04:22:57.540 of you in

04:22:58.440 December and

04:22:59.360 I think we'll

04:23:00.420 finish off

04:23:01.120 Genesis at that

04:23:02.080 point and then

04:23:03.380 in the new year

04:23:04.140 probably not till

04:23:05.240 the spring I'll

04:23:06.940 start with

04:23:07.820 Exodus which

04:23:08.720 I'm really

04:23:09.200 looking forward

04:23:09.740 to because I

04:23:10.240 really like the

04:23:11.120 Exodus story it's

04:23:12.080 an amazing story

04:23:13.200 and unbelievably

04:23:14.220 deep not well

04:23:15.420 the ones we've

04:23:16.040 covered so far

04:23:16.760 have been you

04:23:17.360 know pretty good

04:23:17.980 as well but so

04:23:19.640 thank you all for

04:23:20.380 coming and we'll

04:23:21.220 perhaps see you in

04:23:22.080 about a month

04:23:36.940 a week

04:23:52.840 so

04:23:53.120 you

04:23:53.480 you

04:23:53.980 you

04:23:55.160 you

The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - November 30, 2017

Jacob： Wrestling with God

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