The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - March 20, 2017


Maps of Meaning 7, 8, & 9


Episode Stats

Length

1 hour and 26 minutes

Words per Minute

151.13493

Word Count

13,057

Sentence Count

523

Misogynist Sentences

22

Hate Speech Sentences

25


Summary

In this episode, Dr. Jordan Peterson discusses the similarities between the creation myth of Genesis and the story of the Buddha s enlightenment, and how they are related in a fundamental way. Dr. Peterson also discusses the dualistic nature of the individual, and the role of the archetypal son in the creation of the world, as well as the connection between the two stories, and why people would turn more or less voluntarily away from the good and embrace what can only be described as its polar opposite: evil. This episode is an amalgamation of episodes 7-9 of Maps of Meaning, recorded by TVOntario. You can support these podcasts by donating the amount of your choice to Dr. Petra's "Patreon" account, which can be found by searching Jordan Peterson's Patreon, or by finding a link in the description. Let this be the first step towards the brighter future you deserve. If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, or another mental health problem, please know that you are not alone. With decades of experience helping patients, and a unique understanding of why you might be feeling this way, Dr Peterson offers a roadmap towards healing. In his new series, he provides a roadmap toward healing, showing that while the journey isn't easy, it's absolutely possible to find your way forward. . We know how isolating and overwhelming these conditions can be, and we wanted to take a moment to reach out to those listening who may be struggling. Go to Dailywire Plus now and start watching Dr. Peterson on a new series that could be a lifeline to help those listening. Dr. B. Peterson on the journey to feeling better. and a path to feel better and help them find a brighter future that they deserve a brighter, more peaceful existence. Thanks to Daily Wire Plus now. - a program that could help them feel better, a brighter and more peaceful future you can be a better version of themselves. Thank you for listening to the podcast, and thank you for supporting the show, and I hope you re feeling better! - Dylan, Caitlyn Mclean, Sarah, and Sarah, for being kind enough to share this podcast with others who are feeling better than they deserve it. (Thank you, too, for listening, and for sharing their voices, and sending it out into the world. xoxo, Caitie, for sharing it out there. Sarah,


Transcript

00:00:01.000 Hey everyone, real quick before you skip, I want to talk to you about something serious and important.
00:00:06.000 Dr. Jordan Peterson has created a new series that could be a lifeline for those battling depression and anxiety.
00:00:12.000 We know how isolating and overwhelming these conditions can be, and we wanted to take a moment to reach out to those listening who may be struggling.
00:00:19.000 With decades of experience helping patients, Dr. Peterson offers a unique understanding of why you might be feeling this way in his new series.
00:00:27.000 He provides a roadmap towards healing, showing that while the journey isn't easy, it's absolutely possible to find your way forward.
00:00:35.000 If you're suffering, please know you are not alone. There's hope, and there's a path to feeling better.
00:00:41.000 Go to Daily Wire Plus now and start watching Dr. Jordan B. Peterson on depression and anxiety.
00:00:47.000 Let this be the first step towards the brighter future you deserve.
00:00:52.000 Welcome to the Jordan B. Peterson podcast.
00:00:58.000 This episode is an amalgamation of episodes seven to nine of Maps of Meaning, recorded by TVOntario.
00:01:06.000 You can support these podcasts by donating the amount of your choice to Dr. Peterson's Patreon account,
00:01:12.000 which can be found by searching Jordan Peterson Patreon or by finding a link in the description.
00:01:19.000 Dr. Peterson's self-development program's self-authoring can be found at self-authoring.com.
00:01:27.000 I think of all the stories that we've investigated so far, all the fundamental myths of creation that we've investigated so far,
00:01:35.000 the two that we're going to talk about in detail today are probably the two stories that have had more impact on the course of world history than any other two.
00:01:44.000 I'm going to talk in some detail today about the story of creation laid out in Genesis and also the story of the Buddha's enlightenment.
00:01:52.000 Both stories are also characterized by a kind of depth that's virtually illimitless.
00:01:57.000 And I think in some ways that the topics we're going to discuss today are the most enlightening of all the many ideas that we've traveled through so far in this series.
00:02:13.000 So we're going to be concentrating on an analysis of this schema again.
00:02:20.000 The idea of being here, of course, that the world of experience, which is the world that mythology is attempting to describe,
00:02:26.000 has these fundamental constituent elements, one associated with chaos or nature or the unknown,
00:02:34.000 one associated with culture or the great father or the predictable,
00:02:39.000 and another associated with the archetypal son, the individual who's the offspring of the interplay of these two fundamental forces.
00:02:49.000 Now, given that part of the purpose of this series is to elucidate the causes of war and motivation for war,
00:02:57.000 attention paid to the dualistic nature of the individual is of paramount importance.
00:03:02.000 So we could say that just as nature has its terrible side and just as culture has its terrible side,
00:03:07.000 so the individual has his or her terrible side.
00:03:11.000 And the depth of that capacity, say for atrocity and vengefulness,
00:03:16.000 is just as deep as the depth of terror that the unknown itself holds.
00:03:21.000 I think this is a difficult fact for normal individuals to grasp,
00:03:29.000 given that we're highly motivated to view ourselves as, if not precisely good, at least as relatively harmless.
00:03:35.000 But the evidence that as individuals we are relatively harmless is very, very thin indeed.
00:03:40.000 And I don't think it's possible to understand the depth of motivation for atrocity and social conflict
00:03:49.000 without coming to terms with the capacity for evil that's characteristic of the individual.
00:03:54.000 Now, both the story in Genesis and the story of the Buddhist enlightenment lay bare in many ways
00:04:00.000 the nature of the structure of individual evil and also not only its structure but its motivation,
00:04:05.000 why it is that people would turn more or less voluntarily away from the good
00:04:10.000 and embrace what can only be described as its polar opposite.
00:04:15.000 So, in addition to making reference to this structural schema, of course,
00:04:22.000 we're also going to be discussing the typical mode of interaction of these elements of experience.
00:04:30.000 You may note, for example, that this diagram with which you're now very familiar,
00:04:36.000 the notion of order, chaos and reestablishment of order,
00:04:39.000 also parallels the structure of the story in Genesis, the creation myth,
00:04:43.000 where human beings are created first and exist in a paradisal state,
00:04:47.000 that that paradise is disrupted as a consequence of some event of virtually cosmic significance,
00:04:55.000 that as a consequence of that disruption, people are destined to live a profane existence
00:05:00.000 in constant wait for the next state of order.
00:05:12.000 So, just as this is a fundamental archetypal structure,
00:05:16.000 so that fundamental archetypal structure constitutes the basic grammar for the story in Genesis.
00:05:22.000 Now, what we're going to do to begin with is to describe precisely how this idea of paradise descent
00:05:30.000 and the search for paradise is illustrated symbolically in Genesis
00:05:33.000 and exactly what those symbolic representations mean.
00:05:36.000 The idea here being that the reason that the authors of Genesis,
00:05:39.000 the multiple authors of Genesis extending over thousands and thousands of years,
00:05:43.000 chose those symbols is not because they were laboring to be obscure
00:05:47.000 or not because they were establishing a pre-empirical representation of reality,
00:05:52.000 a kind of quasi-scientific representation,
00:05:55.000 but because these symbols have an elusive or metaphorical richness
00:06:00.000 that enables a story, although short, to be characterized by an almost infinite depth.
00:06:05.000 That's part of the reason.
00:06:06.000 The other part of the reason is that when you say something profound,
00:06:10.000 you say it using the language, the clearest language that you have access to,
00:06:15.000 and if the story is almost unutterably profound,
00:06:18.000 then the images in which it is enshrouded are almost incomprehensibly complex.
00:06:24.000 It has to be that way because if the target of the investigation is reality itself,
00:06:31.000 something so complex that we cannot conceptualize it fully,
00:06:35.000 then the language that we use to represent that reality
00:06:38.000 has to stretch us to the limits of our ability to understand.
00:06:42.000 And it is the case that the story in Genesis say,
00:06:44.000 as much as the story of the Buddhist enlightenment,
00:06:47.000 constitutes an artistic endeavor on the part of the human race
00:06:51.000 to portray the nature of human reality
00:06:54.000 and to explain the behavioral and philosophical consequences of that reality.
00:06:59.000 That being a tall order, perhaps we should forgive the multiple authors
00:07:03.000 for only being able to manage it in a way that's essentially imagistic and dramatic
00:07:08.000 rather than explicit, logical, philosophical, and fully developed.
00:07:14.000 So, the first thing I'd like to point out to you is a statement made by Lucia Eliade,
00:07:21.000 which I think is one of the most enlightening things I ever read.
00:07:24.000 Now, the first thing that Eliade does is describe the universality of flood mythology,
00:07:30.000 but then he puts a twist on it, so the idea behind flood mythology is something like this.
00:07:35.000 If societies deviate from an emergent, a necessarily emergent kind of morality,
00:07:42.000 a kind of morality that takes the viewpoint of all the inhabitants of a given society into account,
00:07:47.000 if a society deviates from that viewpoint sufficiently, it dooms itself to annihilation,
00:07:52.000 that annihilation being represented mythologically as the flooding of the society by the pre-cosmogonic waters,
00:08:00.000 the primordial element or chaos.
00:08:02.000 So, societies that are tyrannical doom themselves to eradication by chaos, a simple equation,
00:08:08.000 but made more complicated by Eliade's observation that more than one factor plays a role in the establishment of a tyranny.
00:08:15.000 On the one hand, there's straight degeneration of cultural presuppositions in that if you establish a state or a game which has particular rules,
00:08:26.000 because the environment is constantly transforming itself, the rules by necessity become out of date.
00:08:32.000 So, merely as a consequence of the progression of time, the presuppositions on which any state are founded tend to become less and less relevant to the current environment.
00:08:42.000 So, there's this aging and senility merely as a consequence of thermodynamic processes.
00:08:47.000 But then, Eliade also points out that there's one additional factor which has to be attributed not to society,
00:08:53.000 but to the individuals that make up that society, which is that the strictures and rules on which society is founded
00:09:00.000 can be constantly and carefully updated when necessary, if all the individuals that make up that society
00:09:07.000 are perfectly willing to confront exemplars of emerging chaos in their own lives when those exemplars emerge,
00:09:14.000 which is to say that it's perfectly reasonable to be guided in your personality by the structures of your state,
00:09:19.000 but if you face something unknown that those rules cannot handle, it's a moral necessity, an obligation on your part,
00:09:25.000 to face that emergent anomaly forthrightly, to solve it if you can,
00:09:30.000 and then to communicate the consequences of your solution to the rest of the members of your society.
00:09:35.000 Now, what Eliade points out is that the individual who removes him or herself from the responsibility of confronting their own anomaly
00:09:44.000 speeds the process by which the state decays.
00:09:48.000 So, the decay of the state and the possibility for the emergence of chaos is an interaction between the tendency of the state to archaism and senility merely as a consequence of change,
00:10:00.000 and the voluntary unwillingness of the citizens that comprise that state to face the unknown courageously when it confronts them.
00:10:08.000 So, Eliade says the deluge myth is almost universally disseminated.
00:10:12.000 It is documented in all the continents, although very rarely in Africa, probably because of the relative shortage of water,
00:10:19.000 and on various cultural levels.
00:10:21.000 A certain number of variants seem to be the result of dissemination, first from Mesopotamia and then from India.
00:10:27.000 It is equally possible that one or several diluvial catastrophes gave rise to fabulous narratives,
00:10:33.000 but it would be risky to explain so widespread a myth by phenomena of which no geological traces have been found.
00:10:39.000 The majority of the flood myths seem, in some sense, to form part of the cosmic rhythm.
00:10:43.000 The old world, peopled by a fallen humanity, is submerged under the water,
00:10:48.000 and sometime later a new world emerges from the aquatic chaos.
00:10:52.000 In a large number of variants, the flood is the result of the sins or ritual faults of human beings.
00:10:58.000 Sometimes it results simply from the wish of a divine being to put an end to mankind.
00:11:03.000 The chief causes lie at once, therefore, in the sins of men and the decrepitude of the world.
00:11:09.000 By the mere fact that it exists, that is, that it lives and produces,
00:11:13.000 the cosmos gradually deteriorates and ends up falling into decay.
00:11:17.000 This is the reason why it has to be recreated.
00:11:20.000 In other words, the flood realizes on a macrocosmic scale what is symbolically affected during the New Year festival,
00:11:26.000 the end of the world and the end of a sinful humanity in order to make a new creation possible.
00:11:32.000 So then the question might arise, logically enough, what is it that would motivate an individual to work,
00:11:43.000 to avoid anomaly when it emerges in his or her own life, and to risk an eventual flood?
00:11:48.000 And even more profoundly, what would motivate an individual, perhaps, to work for the antithesis of order,
00:11:56.000 to work to promote the emergence of chaos, since we know that people are relatively ambivalent
00:12:01.000 in their moral stance?
00:12:03.000 Is it possible that we can create a compelling motivational story for the desire of the individual, as such,
00:12:12.000 to work against the emergence of the good, rather than for it?
00:12:17.000 So let's take a look at what Genesis says about the creation of experience.
00:12:21.000 So first of all, remember we're taking a phenomenological stance on this story,
00:12:25.000 which is to say that this story is not an objective retelling of materialistic emergence.
00:12:32.000 It's something more specifically dramatic.
00:12:36.000 It describes the nature of human experience, okay?
00:12:39.000 The nature of conscious human experience.
00:12:41.000 And in fact, the creation story in Genesis lays explicit stress on individual consciousness,
00:12:47.000 literally, as a precondition for being itself, which is to say that underlying the story in Genesis
00:12:53.000 is the notion that without whatever consciousness is, there would be no segregated entities,
00:12:59.000 and therefore no being.
00:13:00.000 So this is one manner in which Genesis attempts to put human beings at the center of the cosmos,
00:13:06.000 so to speak, which is the idea that the world, independently of consciousness,
00:13:12.000 whatever that world is, absolutely needs to be reflected by consciousness in order to exist
00:13:18.000 in any sense that existence could reasonably be defined.
00:13:22.000 The first chapter.
00:13:24.000 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth,
00:13:27.000 and the earth was without form and void, and darkness was on the face of the deep.
00:13:31.000 Now, the idea that the earth was without form and void takes us back to the Mesopotamian creation myth
00:13:37.000 and Marduk, and Tiamat, because the word for void, the Hebrew word for void is Teom.
00:13:43.000 And Teom is a word derived from Tiamat.
00:13:46.000 And the void, the chaos that constitutes the unformed condition of the cosmos
00:13:52.000 prior to the elaboration of being is assimilated to the same category as Tiamat,
00:13:58.000 which is this terrible, unformed, and frightening, a priori condition
00:14:03.000 that has to be courageously confronted in order to manifest itself as being.
00:14:07.000 And the earth was without form and void, and darkness was on the face of the deep.
00:14:11.000 So, now you see another interplay of opposites here between matter and water, the primordial element.
00:14:18.000 So, first of all, it's heaven and earth, and then it's earth and water and the height and the deep.
00:14:24.000 And the spirit of God moved upon the face of the water.
00:14:27.000 So, another opposite representation between spirit and whatever it is
00:14:32.000 that the pre-cosmogonic water or chaos constitutes.
00:14:36.000 And God said, let there be light, and there was light.
00:14:39.000 And God saw the light, that it was good, and God divided the light from the darkness.
00:14:43.000 And then a prototypical division between light, which is associated with illumination and enlightenment,
00:14:49.000 and consciousness, because we're conscious during the day, and the sun and life,
00:14:54.000 that emerges nested inside the initial opening lines of this sentence.
00:15:00.000 Northrop Fry notes that there's tremendous emphasis on the notion of a repetitive cycling of days and nights
00:15:08.000 in the opening sentences of Genesis, even though, from a formal perspective,
00:15:12.000 this emphasis is paradoxical because the notion of the day emerges before the creation of the sun.
00:15:18.000 And Fry's point is not that this is some careless gesture on the part of the people who authored Genesis,
00:15:24.000 but more that it's an attempt to emphasize the idea of a cyclical relationship between consciousness and light,
00:15:30.000 and darkness and chaos, and to highlight the idea that this cyclical relationship is somehow absolutely vital to being itself.
00:15:39.000 So, Genesis 1-5 says, and God called the light day, and the darkness he called night,
00:15:46.000 and the evening and the morning were the first day.
00:15:48.000 Fry says, the central metaphor underlying beginning is not really birth at all.
00:15:53.000 It is rather the moment of waking from sleep, when one world disappears, a world of virtuality and potential,
00:16:00.000 and another comes into actual being.
00:16:02.000 This is still contained within a cycle.
00:16:04.000 We know that at the end of the day we shall return to the world of sleep,
00:16:08.000 and that's a notion that has a metaphorical resonance,
00:16:11.000 because there's the sleep that punctuates periods of consciousness,
00:16:14.000 and then there's the great sleep at the end of life,
00:16:17.000 which is characterized by the complete cessation of consciousness.
00:16:21.000 We know that at the end of the day we shall return to the world of sleep,
00:16:24.000 but in the meantime there's a sense of self-transcendence,
00:16:27.000 of a consciousness getting up from an unreal into a real, or at least more real world.
00:16:33.000 This sense of awakening into a greater degree of reality is expressed by Heraclitus,
00:16:37.000 as a passing from a world where everyone has his own logos,
00:16:40.000 into a world where there's a common logos, the experience that we all share.
00:16:46.000 Genesis presents the creation as a sudden coming into being of a world through articulate speech,
00:16:52.000 which is another aspect of logos,
00:16:54.000 because logos incorporates the idea of creative exploration,
00:16:58.000 and then the formulation of the consequences of that exploration in verbally communicable categories,
00:17:04.000 which give aspects of our being their defined boundaries and parameters,
00:17:10.000 and enable us to establish a shared mode of social being.
00:17:13.000 Through articulate speech, conscious perception, light, and stability.
00:17:18.000 Something like this metaphor of awakening may be the real reason for the emphasis on days,
00:17:22.000 and such recurring phrases,
00:17:24.000 and the evening and the morning were the first day,
00:17:26.000 even before the day as we know it was established with the creating of the sun.
00:17:36.000 The most fundamental pair of conflicting and cyclically interacting pairs of opposites
00:17:42.000 that is portrayed in Genesis is essentially the pairing of chaos versus order,
00:17:47.000 generative chaos versus generative order,
00:17:50.000 and a poem expresses this idea extremely well and very powerfully,
00:17:56.000 so I'm going to read it to you.
00:17:57.000 When sacred night sweeps heavenward, she takes the glad, the winsome day,
00:18:02.000 and folding it, rolls up its golden carpet that had been spread over an abysmal pit.
00:18:08.000 Gone, vision-like, is the external world,
00:18:11.000 and man, a homeless orphan, has to face in utter helplessness,
00:18:15.000 naked, alone, the blackness of immeasurable space.
00:18:19.000 Upon himself he has to lean with mind abolished,
00:18:23.000 thought unfathered in the dim depths of his soul.
00:18:26.000 He sinks, for nothing comes from outside to support or limit him.
00:18:30.000 All life and brightness seem an ancient dream.
00:18:33.000 While in the substance of the night, unraveled, alien,
00:18:37.000 he now perceives a fateful something that is his by right.
00:18:41.000 Absolutely brilliant poetic statement, I think,
00:18:45.000 laying out very nicely, very richly the fundamental nature of the existential paradox
00:18:51.000 that constitutes human life, pointing to a very profound sense of futility and fear,
00:18:57.000 but then beyond that to the notion that in the depths of the unknown,
00:19:02.000 in the depths of the darkness, and in the depths of all that that's fundamentally unfaceable,
00:19:08.000 there still lurks something that can be discovered given sufficient courage.
00:19:14.000 Another fundamental division portrayed indirectly in Genesis,
00:19:19.000 the word versus chaos.
00:19:21.000 So what you have in Genesis is an absolutely stellar idea.
00:19:26.000 I think perhaps the most fundamental contribution of archaic Jewish thinking to Western and world civilization,
00:19:33.000 which is that although it is easier in some ways to consider the actual matrix of things,
00:19:39.000 their material substrate as the strata from which they emerge,
00:19:43.000 it is equally reasonable and perhaps more pragmatically useful,
00:19:47.000 to note that things only exist because of the interaction between the logos,
00:19:53.000 the word that characterizes consciousness, and whatever this matrix is.
00:19:57.000 So in Jewish thought and then Christian thought, and of course in thoughts of that sort echoed throughout the world,
00:20:03.000 there's the idea that consciousness associated with the transcendent, directly associated with the deity,
00:20:10.000 is actually the thing that in interaction with this matrix gives rise to being.
00:20:16.000 Genesis places stress on this notion of the internal logos,
00:20:22.000 the individual consciousness in two very complex ways.
00:20:25.000 It first says that it's the word of God, the logos of God that gives order to chaos and makes being emerge.
00:20:34.000 But then even more particularly, it's the self-conscious logos of individual humans,
00:20:42.000 their capacity not just to see the world as an object,
00:20:45.000 but also to see themselves as an object that gives the world the particular value slant that it has for us,
00:20:52.000 which is to say that not only are we in a world where the subject and the object are separated,
00:20:59.000 and therefore experience and suffer the consequences of that separation,
00:21:03.000 but even more particularly, we are the only creatures who are so conscious that we can observe ourself as objects.
00:21:11.000 And the consequence of that is that because we've extended our consciousness to ourself,
00:21:16.000 we're capable of conceptualizing things that other creatures cannot conceptualize,
00:21:20.000 such as the infinite possibility that lays manifest in the unknown,
00:21:24.000 but also the fact that as individuals we're subject to our finite limitations, right?
00:21:31.000 That we can become diseased, that we can become mentally ill, and that finally we'll die.
00:21:36.000 And so the idea here is that something like the extension of logos to the object, to the subject,
00:21:43.000 has made human existence finally problematic.
00:21:49.000 And Genesis refers to this as essentially the heritable sin of Adam,
00:21:54.000 because we're aware of our own vulnerability as a genetic consequence merely of being human.
00:22:01.000 There's a transformation in the nature of experience that has essentially cosmic significance.
00:22:07.000 Lao Tzu in the Tao Te Ching makes a comment on the formless chaos that constitutes the matrix of things,
00:22:19.000 the origin of things, in the following manner.
00:22:21.000 He says,
00:22:22.000 There was something formless, yet complete, that existed before heaven and earth,
00:22:27.000 without sound, without substance.
00:22:29.000 This is the void or the chaos.
00:22:31.000 Dependent on nothing, unchanging, all-pervading, unfailing.
00:22:35.000 One may think of it as the mother of all things under heaven.
00:22:38.000 The idea here being that whatever experience is in the absence of a delimited human consciousness
00:22:45.000 is something that's outside the boundaries of time, because temporality is a human attribute,
00:22:51.000 and it's outside the boundaries of spatial limitation,
00:22:54.000 because only human beings, with their delimited and fixed size,
00:22:58.000 can attribute spatial aspects to being itself.
00:23:02.000 So, whatever it is that exists without us is so comprehensive, and so complete,
00:23:09.000 and transcends temporal dimensions to such a great degree,
00:23:12.000 that it can't be conceptualized as being at all.
00:23:17.000 It's something that transcends being to such a degree that it's not even nameable,
00:23:21.000 but still exists as the mother of all things under heaven.
00:23:24.000 Now, Genesis formally associates the human being with logos,
00:23:33.000 and this is a determinative move in human history,
00:23:37.000 just as the Mesopotamians first hypothesized that their emperor was equivalent to Marduk,
00:23:43.000 the force that confronted time at and carved her into pieces and made the world.
00:23:47.000 And just as the Egyptians conceptualized their pharaoh as the intermingling between Osiris,
00:23:53.000 the stability of the state, and Horus, the exploratory hero,
00:23:57.000 and then disseminated that identity down the aristocratic levels,
00:24:02.000 closer and closer to the individual.
00:24:04.000 So the ancient Hebrews said,
00:24:07.000 and God said, let us make man in our image, after our likeness.
00:24:12.000 Now, it could be said that the logical derivation of that statement is that God looks like human beings,
00:24:20.000 or conversely that God is an old man with a beard,
00:24:22.000 but it means something, I think, that's more sophisticated than that,
00:24:26.000 which is that the central aspect that's associated with this transcendent deity,
00:24:31.000 the logos, which is the thing that gives rise to order as a consequence of its confrontation with chaos,
00:24:37.000 is also the thing that centrally characterizes human consciousness.
00:24:41.000 And so with that, there's this transcendent notion that inside each human being is a spark of genuine divinity,
00:24:49.000 and it's the manifestation of that divinity in human temporal and spatial parameters
00:24:54.000 that literally keeps the cosmos generating.
00:24:57.000 So God created his man in his own image.
00:25:05.000 In the image of God created he, him.
00:25:07.000 Male and female created he, them.
00:25:10.000 And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea,
00:25:12.000 and the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth,
00:25:15.000 and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
00:25:18.000 Now, fundamentalist Christians read this as an injunction, right?
00:25:22.000 This is what human beings should do, dominate all other living things.
00:25:26.000 But it's more like a description, which is that the consequence of the embeddedness of this spark of divinity
00:25:32.000 in the individual is precisely what gave rise to the human ability to dominate the planet,
00:25:37.000 which is an ability that at least at the moment seems fundamentally unparalleled with no limit in sight.
00:25:43.000 So it's not an injunction so much as a cold-hearted description.
00:25:47.000 There's a very profound idea underlying the necessity of the creation of the individual human being.
00:25:55.000 There's a line of archaic Jewish speculation that runs something like this.
00:26:00.000 Why is the creation of a limited subject necessary if God's omniscient and omnipotent and omnipresent?
00:26:08.000 Why would he bother creating anything outside of himself?
00:26:11.000 And the line of speculation runs like this.
00:26:14.000 The one thing that a being that is complete in all regards, even all hypothetical regards,
00:26:21.000 lacks by necessity is limitation.
00:26:24.000 And as a consequence of that, anything that's absolute is not complete and can't be complete without limitation.
00:26:31.000 And so there's an emergent idea in Genesis and most notions of the emergence of human consciousness
00:26:38.000 that the absolute needs the reflection point of a delimited being to actually spring into some kind of defined actuality
00:26:46.000 so that being itself becomes an interplay between the necessary limitations of the finite
00:26:52.000 and the transcendent reality of the absolute.
00:26:56.000 And so being is something that emerges because of the fact, as another ancient Jewish tradition has it,
00:27:04.000 God and man are, in a sense, twins, mutually dependent on one another for their defined being.
00:27:11.000 From such a perspective, being has the same nature as a game.
00:27:17.000 When you're playing a game, you have to play by rules,
00:27:19.000 which means that there are things that you can do while playing the game,
00:27:22.000 but there are many, many things you can't do,
00:27:24.000 and that the game could not exist without the limitations.
00:27:28.000 Also predicated on the idea that the imposition, the Nietzschean idea,
00:27:32.000 that the imposition of limitations on a structure actually gives rise to the possibility of diverse new forms,
00:27:39.000 which is also a very sophisticated way of conceptualizing the world.
00:27:43.000 So from the perspective of Genesis, the individual is the locale of the experiential drama,
00:27:50.000 and the fact that the individual is limited is a necessary precondition for being.
00:27:56.000 There is this
00:28:11.900 Thank you.
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00:31:38.220 So let's take a look at the structure of Paradise as it's presented in the, in Genesis.
00:31:44.580 So the first aspect of the initial paradisal state is unself-consciousness.
00:31:50.220 Now, if you look at factor and analytic studies of human personality, you note that self-consciousness,
00:31:56.600 although it is arguably our greatest gift, also loads almost entirely on the factor that
00:32:02.180 defines negative affect.
00:32:03.680 And you might also notice that when you say, I became self-conscious, you generally put a
00:32:09.560 negative cast on that in that I was talking before a group of people and suddenly I was
00:32:13.820 seized by self-consciousness.
00:32:15.580 And as a consequence of that, I was flooded by negative emotion and was fundamentally immobilized.
00:32:21.080 So it's a very paradoxical, a very paradoxical state of being that our highest rational gift,
00:32:27.880 say.
00:32:28.060 And the only one that clearly distinguishes us from animals is also that which, when
00:32:33.640 manifested, makes us almost unbearably anxious.
00:32:37.900 The initial paradisal state, when Adam and Eve first walk in the Garden of Eden, is characterized
00:32:42.500 by an animal-like unself-consciousness.
00:32:46.460 Adam and Eve, whatever they are, are not clearly segregated from the rest of the world.
00:32:51.140 They have no idea, for example, of their own nakedness.
00:32:54.820 And if you think about what nakedness means, you immediately understand that that's also
00:32:59.380 a very profound, dramatic representation.
00:33:03.380 You know, with children that around the age of three or four, many of them, regardless of
00:33:07.640 their mode of upbringing, start to become very concerned about privacy, say, with regards
00:33:12.220 to bodily functions, and also very concerned about ever showing themselves without clothing.
00:33:17.160 And it's perfectly reasonable to presume that that's a consequence of their emergent self-consciousness,
00:33:24.500 an event that takes place somewhere between the ages of two and five.
00:33:28.260 And that's a defining moment, right?
00:33:29.840 That makes them segregatable, say, from their mother.
00:33:33.600 And so you also have images of paradise that float through Western history that are characterized
00:33:39.700 by the image of the unconscious union between the mother and child, right?
00:33:44.740 Which is an imagistic representation that eradicates the tension of self-consciousness, both for
00:33:52.700 the mother and for the child.
00:33:54.900 So the notion that the child is living in a paradisal condition that's somehow lost as
00:34:01.020 he or she approaches adulthood gives another sort of symbolic layer to the notion of the
00:34:06.040 pre-self-conscious paradise.
00:34:08.180 It's also a place where order and chaos are in perfect balance.
00:34:13.300 And you know that because what paradise means is para, around, deza, a wall, while Eden means
00:34:21.420 delight or a place of delight.
00:34:25.060 Para-deza, paradise, is a walled garden, a walled place of delight.
00:34:29.680 And a garden is precisely that place where the forces of nature or chaos and the forces
00:34:35.340 of culture are held in perfect balance, right?
00:34:38.440 That's what a garden is.
00:34:40.000 It's nature given, formed by culture.
00:34:42.000 And it's a place that's archetypally pleasant, a place where the intervention of human activity
00:34:47.200 has produced a kind of stability that transcends that of nature because it's a cultural construct,
00:34:53.900 but also that transcends that of culture because all of the plants and the other growing things
00:34:58.520 that constitute a garden are somehow transcendent, even though they're under the cultivating
00:35:03.660 hand of culture and the individual.
00:35:09.100 If you look at the manner in which the fall story is represented, you can also see that
00:35:15.060 the place of previous stability can be regarded as a kind of paradise.
00:35:20.340 So if you remember the story of Moses leading his people through the desert, it's clearly the
00:35:25.000 case that when the Israelites were in the desert, even though they got away from the
00:35:28.500 tyranny, it was easy to look back and say, well, you know, tough as it was, the place
00:35:33.680 that we were before was much better than the place we are now.
00:35:36.900 So it's perfectly reasonable and expectable for people who are caught in a crisis to look
00:35:42.980 back to the time prior to the dawn of that crisis with longing, even if the crisis that
00:35:48.660 they're presently experiencing is a necessary precondition for further development of personality.
00:35:53.200 So the story that's laid out in Genesis has its structure something like this.
00:35:59.240 Before we became self-conscious, the world was perfect.
00:36:03.220 As a consequence of the rise of self-consciousness, we were thrown out of the Garden of Eden, out
00:36:07.760 of paradise, and destined to live the profane existence that characterizes our present mode
00:36:12.980 of being, where we're subject to knowledge of mortality and the possibility of illness and
00:36:17.440 alienation from God.
00:36:19.300 And wouldn't it be ever so great if we could only return to that condition of unself-consciousness
00:36:25.180 and make all our problems go away?
00:36:27.000 And you see this kind of pathological paradisal reminiscence manifesting itself in the most
00:36:33.260 banal forms of conservatism, which are always projecting the ideal past somewhere back into
00:36:40.180 the unattainable reaches of time, and also in those situations that obtain psychologically
00:36:46.360 when people are absolutely possessed by depression and anxiety, and wish for their consciousness
00:36:52.880 to come to an end, if not metaphorically, so they desire to sleep, then actually so that
00:36:58.680 suicide is viewed as a kind of unconsciousness whose paradisal nature, the absence of all opposition,
00:37:06.860 is viewed as clearly preferable to the difficulties of actually maintaining being.
00:37:15.620 Iliadis says, the idea of paradise once and then paradise lost is not something unique to
00:37:23.620 Western or great Eastern societies, it's a widespread motif, just as wide as the flood motif.
00:37:31.860 Regardless of where you go in the world, you find this notion.
00:37:34.880 When heaven had been abruptly separated from the earth, that is, when it had become remote
00:37:41.260 as in our days, when the tree or vine connecting earth to heaven had been cut, or the mountain
00:37:47.380 which used to touch the sky had been flattened out, then the paradisal stage was over, and
00:37:52.620 man entered into his present fallen condition.
00:37:56.160 In effect, all myths of paradise show us primordial man enjoying a beatitude, a spontaneity, and
00:38:02.540 freedom, which he has unfortunately lost in consequence of the fall, that is, of what followed
00:38:08.880 upon the mythical event that caused the rupture between heaven and earth.
00:38:13.160 As I said, Eden is delight, a place of delight, by terminological definition, whereas paradise
00:38:26.180 is a walled garden.
00:38:27.540 I want to show you what knowing that does for analysis of the relationship between Eastern
00:38:35.860 and Western thought.
00:38:37.540 So let me tell you quickly the story of the Buddha, and I'm going to represent it fundamentally
00:38:44.100 like this.
00:38:46.920 Buddha starts his life in what's essentially a walled garden by all reasonable comparative
00:38:52.720 analysis, and as a consequence of his emergent self-consciousness, the unself-conscious childlike
00:39:00.000 perfection of that early state is permanently disrupted.
00:39:04.720 So you have a situation where the greatest redemption story of the East follows precisely
00:39:08.740 the same grammatical track as the greatest creation story of the West.
00:39:13.140 So this is the story.
00:39:15.240 Buddha's father is visited by an angel who tells him that his son is going to grow up to
00:39:19.520 be the greatest temporal, profane ruler the world has ever seen, or a great spiritual leader.
00:39:25.980 And his father, being a pragmatic and conservative man, decides that there's no possible way I'm
00:39:31.680 going to allow my son to take the ambivalent road of spiritual enlightenment.
00:39:36.900 I'm going to allow him to fall completely in love with the world so that he will remain
00:39:43.360 attached to his domain.
00:39:45.960 So prior to Buddha's birth, his father constructs a great city with walls around it.
00:39:52.640 And inside that city, he removes all signs of pain, frustration, and disappointment, any
00:39:59.120 sign of ugliness and age.
00:40:01.120 The only people that are allowed to exist within this city are those who are in perfect mental
00:40:06.620 and physical health, who are paragons of beauty and virtue.
00:40:11.060 And the idea that lurks behind that archetypal story is that when a father has a child, his
00:40:19.820 moral obligation is to shield the developing consciousness of that child from contact with
00:40:25.540 any of the horrors of life that could provide the child with an experience too traumatic for
00:40:32.000 that developing consciousness to apprehend.
00:40:34.300 And so, because it's an archetypal story, it relates to the development of all people, not
00:40:38.380 just the redemptive savior.
00:40:40.840 And that's the motif that the Buddha's story initially follows.
00:40:43.720 A good father makes his child fall in love with life by enticing that child into a direct
00:40:50.140 relationship with all that life has to offer.
00:40:52.980 Buddha grows up within this walled garden, this unselfconscious paradise.
00:40:57.920 But precisely because he's been shielded to this degree and allowed to mature, his consciousness
00:41:04.280 continues to expand.
00:41:06.320 And the world outside, the boundaries that his parents have established for him, starts
00:41:11.160 to attract his attention.
00:41:13.280 Now we know already that the forbidden fruit, right, the lure of what's outside the walls is
00:41:18.900 something that human beings just can't keep their mangy little paws off, right?
00:41:23.040 We are absolutely uncontrollably curious.
00:41:26.400 And the best way to make sure that we investigate something is to lay down a stricture that says,
00:41:30.840 whatever you do under whatever circumstances, never look there, right?
00:41:35.800 And then the automatic systems that underlie our orienting and that motivate our seeking
00:41:40.420 experience are constantly pulling our attention precisely to that forbidden spot, compelling us
00:41:45.600 to investigate exactly that which has been forbidden.
00:41:48.920 So because Buddha is a consciousness developing in a healthy manner, he immediately becomes curious
00:41:56.180 about what lies beyond the limits that have been established with him and he makes a decision
00:42:01.440 to go outside of paradise, right?
00:42:04.060 Which seems a particularly ridiculous thing to do given that in principle he has everything
00:42:08.300 he could possibly want inside the walls.
00:42:10.780 But then again, we have the troublesome notion of the original sin of Adam, right?
00:42:15.600 Which is that if any of you were offered a forbidden fruit, again under circumstances mythologically
00:42:22.960 equivalent to those that obtained in the beginning, you'd immediately reach your hand out and take
00:42:27.200 it because what we haven't got for human beings is always far more compelling than what we have
00:42:32.740 got.
00:42:33.780 So Buddha goes outside the walls, but his father, who's a good father, although somewhat conservative,
00:42:44.600 decides he's going to rig the game a little bit so he gets rid of everybody that's diseased
00:42:49.020 or unhappy or uncomfortable or ugly or old or anything that could possibly disturb the Buddha.
00:42:54.100 And he lines the streets with flower-waving women and puts pedals on the road and sends his
00:42:59.620 son out in a gilded chariot.
00:43:01.360 But the gods who are lurking around, right, the trouble-making gods who represent chaos
00:43:06.360 and disorder and the unknown, decide to send in front of Buddha a sick man who hobbles unsteadily
00:43:13.100 into view.
00:43:14.100 And Buddha asks his retainer precisely what this phenomena represents, and his retainer says,
00:43:22.100 well, you know, human beings like you, since you're human, are subject to the deterioration
00:43:27.320 of their physical powers in an arbitrary way.
00:43:30.320 And this man is one person who's been so afflicted, and so Buddha is completely disenchanted by his
00:43:37.560 exploratory move out into the terrible unknown and runs back into the castle walls and shuts
00:43:42.440 the door and is perfectly happy to think of nothing for months.
00:43:46.320 And then, as his anxiety habituates and his curiosity grows, he can't stand the notion of never going
00:43:52.660 outside the walls again, and outside he goes again.
00:43:55.320 And this time, after his father prepares the route ever so carefully, the godsend insight,
00:44:01.440 an old man who hobbles into view.
00:44:03.320 And Buddha looks at him in shock and horror and says to his retainer, just precisely what's
00:44:09.320 going on here, and his retainer says, well, that's an old man, and everybody gets old,
00:44:15.320 and you're going to get old too, and that's the way of all humanity, and that's the point
00:44:20.320 at which Buddha's self-consciousness expands, not to only include the possibility of degeneration,
00:44:26.940 but to include the temporal horizon that's characteristic of life, and he finds that so terribly shocking
00:44:33.900 that he runs back into the castle and shuts the walls down and plays with his friends for
00:44:38.420 another six months, or maybe a year, till his anxiety finally habituates, and he goes
00:44:42.680 out one final time.
00:44:44.240 And this time, the godsend a funeral parade for him, and he sees his first dead body,
00:44:50.900 and this is such a terrible shock to him that he can't even go back to the castle.
00:44:55.040 So his father prepares for him a great party in the woods near the castle, full of nude dancing
00:45:01.100 women who are perfectly willing to flaunt themselves and to offer themselves to him.
00:45:05.000 Buddha is so absolutely and catastrophically shocked by this notion of emergent death that
00:45:10.500 he can't take any pleasure whatsoever in what's being offered to him, and he leaves the kingdom
00:45:16.020 once and for all, and you think, well, that's exactly what happens to you when you grow up,
00:45:20.260 right?
00:45:21.260 If you're reasonably well socialized and properly looked after, then your curiosity gets the
00:45:25.540 better of you, and you keep going out into the world until what your parents have established
00:45:30.000 for you is no longer sufficient for you, and as a consequence of that movement out into
00:45:34.920 the world, you find out all sorts of things, characteristic of your own life, that not only
00:45:39.980 your parents can't precisely explain to you, but even the broader formal structures of your
00:45:45.780 culture have a very difficult time handling.
00:45:49.060 And when you finally do encounter such realities and allow their effect on you to fully manifest
00:45:55.000 itself, well, then you're finally independent, and you no longer can return home.
00:46:01.100 But from that point forward, you're also burdened as Adam is burdened when he loses his paradisal
00:46:06.680 unself-consciousness with the full revelation of what it means to be limited and alive.
00:46:13.120 So what happens to Buddha as a consequence of this revelation?
00:46:16.840 He becomes an apprentice, and the chronicles of the Buddhist adventure are careful to say
00:46:23.400 that he becomes the world's most proficient practitioner of samkhya, which was a philosophical
00:46:30.520 precursor to yoga, and then to yoga.
00:46:33.020 So he masters all the positions in the asanas until he's disciplined physically to an almost
00:46:37.960 unlimited degree.
00:46:39.440 And then he decides that he'll adopt a stance of world renunciation, which is also something
00:46:44.180 he's remarkably good at, and he starves himself until the chroniclers say he resembles nothing
00:46:49.140 so much as a pile of dust.
00:46:51.680 And then having exhausted all the disciplinary structures that his sophisticated culture has
00:46:57.560 to offer him, but still not precisely finding the answer that he's looking for, he retreats
00:47:03.000 into the forest, a place of the unknown, and sits himself at the base of a tree.
00:47:08.840 Underneath the tree, he's visited by visions and temptations.
00:47:12.280 The first vision is an essentially erotic one.
00:47:15.400 Life itself tempts him back out of his self-conscious state into the domain of pure physical pleasure,
00:47:22.080 a perfectly reasonable temptation, right?
00:47:24.340 And one that's powerful enough so that Hindu philosophers say, as their churches and cathedrals
00:47:30.180 are covered with erotic drawings, if you can't get past the erotic drawings into the church,
00:47:35.660 that's the domain that you should still inhabit, right?
00:47:38.220 In the dawning phases of life, at least till middle age, that's the appropriate mode of
00:47:42.420 being, to be enticed and seduced by the physical pleasures that life has to offer.
00:47:47.780 But in the final analysis, those are not sufficient to solve the problem of emergent self-consciousness.
00:47:53.640 And so the angel of death visits him and offers him the opportunity to exist permanently in
00:48:01.060 a state of nirvana, a very, very interesting twist on the story because you have to wonder,
00:48:06.120 given the association, say, between suicidality and the notion of paradise that exists underneath
00:48:12.220 that, if what Buddha isn't being offered by the angel of death is, in fact, death and
00:48:16.820 the cessation of all the problems of being regardless.
00:48:20.540 He rejects that, attains enlightenment briefly, and then decides to return to the world to share
00:48:26.060 what he's discovered with all of suffering humanity.
00:48:29.400 The idea being that the Buddha, who is the awakened or enlightened one, is capable of attaining
00:48:36.060 a transcendent state but also knows fully that because human beings have a shared social aspect,
00:48:44.000 it is not possible for any one person to attain redemption until all people attain redemption.
00:48:49.500 The reason being that it's very difficult to be transcendent and enlightened when you see
00:48:54.780 someone who's sick lying in a ditch.
00:49:02.720 So then we shift from that back to Genesis and the tempted fall of man and read the third
00:49:11.520 chapter and they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.
00:49:16.160 Well what does that mean?
00:49:17.540 Well Freud pointed out that one of human beings most common nightmares is to be stripped of clothing
00:49:22.740 in front of a crowd.
00:49:24.200 Now, why would that be precisely?
00:49:26.640 Well, your naked self is the most vulnerable aspect of you, right?
00:49:32.140 We're all clothed and for good reason.
00:49:34.140 Partly that's protection from the terrible natural world, right?
00:49:37.860 But it also offers us the possibility of placing a barrier between ourselves, our vulnerable selves,
00:49:44.640 and the searching and critical gaze of the community, right?
00:49:48.360 Because not only are we vulnerable to the rigors of nature, we're also vulnerable to the depredations
00:49:54.760 and criticisms of society.
00:49:56.300 And the notion that a man and a woman could exist naked and not know it is a clear, is a
00:50:02.800 clear finger pointing in the direction of a story that says these people were not conscious,
00:50:09.300 conscious.
00:50:10.300 Or if conscious, they certainly were not self-conscious.
00:50:13.740 How does the story develop?
00:50:15.180 The serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made.
00:50:20.180 And he said unto the woman, yea, hath God said, you shall not eat of every tree of the garden.
00:50:25.620 And the woman said unto the serpent, well, we may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden,
00:50:30.520 but of the fruit of the tree which is in the center of the garden, God hath said, you should
00:50:36.060 not eat of it, neither shall you touch it, lest ye die.
00:50:39.460 And the serpent said to the woman, you won't die.
00:50:44.700 For God knows that in the day you eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, right?
00:50:49.800 A clear pointing to the notion of an awakening and an illumination.
00:50:56.200 And you shall be like gods, knowing good and evil, right?
00:50:59.540 Which attributes to humanity a dawning sense of morality, explicit morality, a faculty for
00:51:05.880 comprehension that we do not share with any other animal.
00:51:09.880 And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food and that it was pleasant to the eyes
00:51:13.700 and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof and did eat and
00:51:18.360 gave also unto her husband with her.
00:51:20.500 And he did eat women, trouble.
00:51:26.280 What's the tree?
00:51:27.340 Well we talked about this a little bit before.
00:51:29.400 So you say, well, if you look at the structure of experience from this particular perspective
00:51:35.240 and you think about that in a vertical plane, with the layers one on top of another, then
00:51:40.240 you can imagine the tree as the thing that unites these three layers.
00:51:44.020 The tree is the domain that unites chaos and order and the individual.
00:51:48.640 The structure running up through the middle of it.
00:51:51.020 And you see a representation of that, interestingly enough, from Norse mythology.
00:51:55.460 This is Yggdrasil, the tree of the gods.
00:52:00.160 The tree that stands in the middle of the Norse paradise.
00:52:04.040 And one of the things that's very interesting about this particular tree is that if you look
00:52:07.320 at its roots, the roots are covered with snakes and serpents, and underneath the snakes and
00:52:12.460 serpents is water.
00:52:13.980 And so that you see that the tree that stands at the center of the world is rooted in chaos
00:52:20.020 fundamentally.
00:52:21.020 It's rooted in whatever it is that constitutes the pre-cosmogonic matrix of being.
00:52:28.080 And then the central aspects of this domain are nicely laid out as the domain of territoriality,
00:52:36.460 the ends of the borders that the individual understands and the habitual territory that
00:52:40.920 he inhabits.
00:52:42.280 And then the tree in the center represents whatever it is that's central to this, to our mode of
00:52:48.620 being.
00:52:50.220 And so let's take a look at that in some detail and flesh it out symbolically.
00:52:55.980 We find Iliadis saying the tree that stands hypothetically at the center of the world is
00:53:03.400 precisely that structure that shaman climb when they make their transition from the normal
00:53:08.800 mode of earthly being into their transcendent mode of being.
00:53:12.160 So Iliadis says the symbolism of the ascension into heaven by means of a tree is clearly illustrated
00:53:17.740 by the ceremony of initiation of the Buryat shaman.
00:53:21.180 The candidate climbs up a post in the middle of his yurt, his tent, reaches the summit and
00:53:25.640 goes out by the smoke hole.
00:53:27.520 But we know that this opening, made to let out the smoke, is likened to the hole made
00:53:31.760 by the pole star in the vault of heaven.
00:53:34.400 So you can imagine there's a conceptualization of the world as centered around a particular
00:53:39.280 axis and that the tent is regarded as at least transitory as a symbolic equivalent of
00:53:45.740 that cosmological structure.
00:53:49.020 Among other peoples, the tent pole is called the pillar of the sky and is compared to the
00:53:52.420 pole star around which the world rotates, at least from the visual perspective, and is
00:53:57.820 named elsewhere the nail of the sky.
00:53:59.780 Thus, the ritual post set up in the middle of the yurt is an image of the cosmic tree which
00:54:04.140 is found at the center of the world with the pole star shining directly above it.
00:54:09.000 By ascending it, the candidate enters into heaven.
00:54:12.280 That is why as soon as he comes out of the smoke hole of the tent he gives a loud cry invoking
00:54:16.560 the help of the gods.
00:54:17.960 Up there he finds himself in their presence.
00:54:25.220 The tree is an absolutely archaic symbol.
00:54:29.060 And it seems to me most likely that it represents the structure of the nervous system.
00:54:34.220 I think a structure that's rooted not so much in the spinal sensory motor structures but
00:54:39.740 deeply in the autonomic structures stretching down into the center of the body and planting
00:54:46.180 the mind firmly in its material substrate so that the autonomic system and its projections
00:54:51.740 up into the amygdala and the limbic system and then up into the cortex constitute the interface
00:54:57.040 between the spiritual domain that our psyche inhabits and the material domain that constitutes
00:55:02.120 our body.
00:55:03.260 The tree at the center of our being.
00:55:08.100 What does a tree do?
00:55:10.100 Well it bears fruit.
00:55:11.100 Well what sort of fruit?
00:55:12.100 Well there are multiple medieval representations that are quite peculiar showing Christ for
00:55:17.100 example as the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, the fruit of the tree of
00:55:21.980 life.
00:55:22.980 And what does that mean?
00:55:23.980 It means that conceptualizations like the hero are products of whatever it is that this tree
00:55:29.600 represents.
00:55:31.380 The tree is something that produces fruit.
00:55:33.900 Fruit is also something that can be ingested.
00:55:37.160 And as Eric Newman point out, wherever liquor, fruit, herbs, etc. appear as the vehicles of
00:55:48.100 life and immortality, including the water and bread of life, the sacrament of the host,
00:55:53.060 and every form of food cult down to the present day, we have an ancient mode of human expression
00:55:57.900 before us.
00:55:58.900 So imagine the idea of the Piagetian idea of assimilation and then accommodation and then
00:56:05.900 understand its assimilative, nutritive, underlying metaphorical nature.
00:56:11.100 The idea being that there's a tight analogy between ingesting something material and undergoing
00:56:16.760 a transformation of energy attendant upon that, right, which is what happens when you eat,
00:56:23.020 ingesting a piece of information, which offers you a new mode of doing things.
00:56:28.120 So you can say, well, people will trade work for information.
00:56:32.180 They will trade food for information.
00:56:35.180 There must be a kind of equivalence between work and information and food and information,
00:56:39.900 because otherwise the trade wouldn't make sense.
00:56:42.060 And then you realize that if you're informed, you can undertake transformations of yourself and
00:56:48.220 the material world in a much more efficient manner, because that's what being informed means.
00:56:53.360 And that means that being informed, acquiring some information, and eating something are all
00:56:58.620 tied up in a complex way into the same metaphorical structure.
00:57:02.720 Eat something forbidden, transform as a consequence.
00:57:07.880 Conscious realization is acted out in the elementary scheme of nutritive assimilation, and the ritual
00:57:13.380 act of concrete eating is the first form of assimilation known to man.
00:57:18.180 The assimilation and ingestion of the content, the eaten food, produces an inner change.
00:57:24.820 Transformation of the body cells through food intake is the most elementary of animal changes
00:57:28.800 experienced by man.
00:57:31.420 How a weary, enfeebled, and famished man can be turned into an alert, strong, and satisfied
00:57:36.320 being, or a man perishing of thirst can be refreshed or even transformed by an intoxicating
00:57:41.420 drink.
00:57:42.360 This is, and must remain, a fundamental experience, so long as man shall exist.
00:57:47.800 Eric Newman's point being that our psychological experience of the capacity of psychological
00:57:55.560 transformation through eating is a metaphor waiting to be applied to the equivalent experience
00:58:01.920 that we obtain, the equivalent excitement and sense of transformative possibility that
00:58:06.660 we acquire as a consequence of coming across some new and truly valuable piece of information.
00:58:13.260 So you have the idea that the tree that stands at the center of the world, the individual
00:58:18.220 mode of being, is something that bears fruit.
00:58:21.440 And the ingestion of that fruit, that idea say, or that piece of information is something
00:58:26.360 that can produce a permanent transformation.
00:58:28.360 Transformation.
00:58:29.360 Thank you.
00:58:30.360 Thank you.
00:58:31.360 Thank you.
00:58:32.360 Thank you.
00:58:34.360 Thank you.
00:58:40.040 Thank you.
00:59:03.360 We know that the snake is utilized conceptually and metaphorically as representation of transformation, right?
00:59:11.100 Because the snake is something that can shed its skin and be reborn.
00:59:15.040 We know that a snake is something that's innately attractive and terrifying to human beings and other primates.
00:59:21.600 So that if you come across a snake, you're likely to be at least startled, if not horrified by it,
00:59:27.700 but also attracted to it in a way that is underneath your voluntary consciousness, right?
00:59:33.240 Because snakes attract orienting reflexes, and they activate the systems underneath your consciousness
00:59:38.660 that actually govern the structure of that consciousness.
00:59:41.920 We know that the snake can be well represented as well as internal chaos.
00:59:46.800 So imagine this.
00:59:48.040 Imagine that it's not unreasonable for a self-conscious mind searching for a mode of self-representation
00:59:55.440 to remark on the parallels between the structure of the snake and the spine in the brain,
01:00:00.660 given that a snake is essentially a spine with a brain.
01:00:04.580 And then imagine as well that the most archaic aspects of our nervous system, those that govern novelty
01:00:10.800 and orienting and anxiety responses, are in fact precisely those that were described by McLean
01:00:16.360 as nested inside the reptilian brain.
01:00:19.980 And then imagine along with the Hindu yogis that the purpose of kundalini yoga is to activate
01:00:25.660 the circuitry that's associated with that snake, so to speak, to produce a permanent state of alert wakefulness
01:00:33.140 that's associated with consciousness.
01:00:35.000 So imagine this.
01:00:40.960 Imagine an animal like a zebra grazing mindlessly in the herd with no consciousness whatsoever.
01:00:49.080 And then imagine its relatively undeveloped cortical structures activated suddenly by the movement of a lion
01:00:56.560 off in the perimeter.
01:00:58.120 And then imagine for that brief moment that that zebra is actually conscious, a state that requires a tremendous amount of energy
01:01:05.080 and difficult to maintain.
01:01:06.380 But because the threat and the uncertainty manifest itself within the zebra's mode of consciousness,
01:01:13.900 it wakes momentarily.
01:01:15.440 And then imagine that human beings are like that zebra always.
01:01:20.100 Because we've become self-conscious, because we know that the unknown is around us all the time,
01:01:25.440 even when we think we're safe, we're never safe.
01:01:28.660 Imagine that the reason we're so conscious is because as a consequence of our discovery of the possibility
01:01:34.500 of our own mortality, all this underlying circuitry that in other animals is only apparent when they're startled
01:01:41.420 or afraid or interested or curious, in human beings it's on all the time.
01:01:45.920 And that's what makes us conscious.
01:01:47.280 And the reason for that is because we developed enough cortical elaboration to note that we're always threatened
01:01:53.720 by everything that's around us.
01:01:55.640 And then imagine that, well, that's pretty awful, isn't it?
01:01:59.020 Because it's at the basis of all our innate existential terror.
01:02:02.840 But then imagine as well that without that terror pushing us forward and our constant reference
01:02:09.620 to the dangerous aspect of the unknown, we would have never been motivated to produce the kind of societies
01:02:15.360 that we've produced, which are essentially very remarkably elaborated devices
01:02:21.580 that enable us to find some protection from that unknown and to manipulate it effectively.
01:02:28.340 And then remembering that story, we'll return to Genesis.
01:02:35.100 Jung says the snake was regarded by early Gnostic Christians as a kind of deity
01:02:40.800 whose faculties were more developed and advanced than the original deity that actually structured the world.
01:02:47.040 The idea there being that the world initially was a pretty dismal place.
01:02:52.040 Everyone wasn't conscious.
01:02:53.640 We all existed at the level of the animal.
01:02:56.180 And then the snake came along and said,
01:02:58.720 wake up, wake up.
01:03:00.820 And the movement from that state of unselfconsciousness paradise
01:03:04.920 to this profane state of awakening
01:03:07.260 can be regarded not so much as a descent,
01:03:10.720 but as an ascent of sorts, even though a painful one.
01:03:13.920 And then you have Goethe's commentary from Mephistopheles,
01:03:20.380 his representation of Satan and his capacity for temptation,
01:03:24.800 who says, follow the adage of my cousin snake
01:03:28.320 from dreams of godlike knowledge you will wake to fear
01:03:32.260 in which your very soul shall quake.
01:03:34.920 A statement associating the human tendency to attribute
01:03:41.060 to all revolutionary sources of new information
01:03:45.240 a kind of demonic being.
01:03:48.460 And then you have the problem of the woman.
01:03:51.740 Now we know that within the context of the Judeo-Christian tradition,
01:03:56.100 women have unduly suffered for their role in tempting humanity
01:04:00.620 in the embodied form of Adam towards higher order self-consciousness.
01:04:05.840 And then you think, well, let's just take a look
01:04:08.020 at how human beings and their mating relationships
01:04:10.720 differ from those of other animals,
01:04:12.900 like chimpanzees to whom we are very closely genetically related.
01:04:16.560 And if you look at the mating strategies of female chimpanzees,
01:04:19.660 you see that they really don't care who they sleep with, so to speak.
01:04:23.760 Any old chimpanzee will do.
01:04:26.020 Now, the less dominant male chimps tend to be chased away
01:04:29.780 by the more dominant male chimps,
01:04:31.540 but if a female and less dominant chip can get the hell away
01:04:34.700 from the watchful gaze of the dominance hierarchy,
01:04:37.160 they're perfectly happy to mate.
01:04:39.140 Human females are not like that.
01:04:41.720 They're selective maters.
01:04:43.700 And there's a tremendous body of evolutionary psychological information
01:04:47.660 that suggests that although both genders value intelligence
01:04:51.740 and physical appearance, females value the ability
01:04:56.400 to attain dominance hierarchy status in men far more
01:05:00.840 than men admire the ability to attain dominance status in women,
01:05:05.580 which is to say that men don't care what a woman has
01:05:09.640 with regards to potential for attaining status,
01:05:12.200 whereas with women, it's one of the strong determinants
01:05:14.940 of mating preference.
01:05:16.440 So then let's say, look, we don't know why the hell
01:05:18.960 our cortex has expanded so rapidly somewhere
01:05:21.800 between five and three million years ago.
01:05:24.180 Let's offer this as a hypothesis.
01:05:26.560 The women started to get choosy,
01:05:28.520 and because they were so damn complicated,
01:05:30.380 the whole human species had to exaggerate its cortical growth
01:05:34.500 prior to any even use for that cortical growth
01:05:37.860 just so that the men had an even hand in the competition, right?
01:05:41.940 So women put tremendous selection pressure on the human being
01:05:45.780 to develop tremendous cortical expansion.
01:05:50.820 Now, we already know that from the mythological perspective
01:05:53.720 that women are frequently cast into the same conceptual domain,
01:05:58.040 the temptress domain, as the benevolent aspect of the unknown.
01:06:01.880 And we know as well from representations of hero mythology
01:06:04.660 that it is the individual who goes out to confront chaos
01:06:07.920 who's most likely to free from the dragon
01:06:10.460 not only treasure but a virgin,
01:06:13.080 say, in the case of mythological representations
01:06:15.500 like St. George and the dragon.
01:06:22.460 In the Old Testament, in Genesis,
01:06:24.940 there's this notion that
01:06:26.360 not only did people become self-conscious
01:06:28.980 because they did something,
01:06:30.660 but they did this voluntarily, right?
01:06:32.720 They made this decision on their own.
01:06:38.880 So Milton puts words into God's mouth and says,
01:06:44.060 so will fall he, meaning the human being,
01:06:46.960 and his faithless progeny,
01:06:49.360 whose fault?
01:06:50.460 Who's but his own?
01:06:51.680 In great.
01:06:52.400 He had of me all he could have.
01:06:54.860 I made him just and right.
01:06:56.740 Sufficient to have stood, though free to fall.
01:07:00.240 And then you think,
01:07:01.220 well, maybe the notion of
01:07:02.480 the heritable sin of Adam
01:07:04.460 characterizing human beings
01:07:06.360 and their fallen existential condition
01:07:08.160 isn't just the black-hearted ravings
01:07:10.380 of fundamentalist Southern Baptist lunatics, right?
01:07:13.380 There's something to this.
01:07:15.320 Human beings are the only creatures
01:07:16.720 that seem to live at odds
01:07:18.640 with their own experience.
01:07:19.860 And it's not so unreasonable to suppose
01:07:22.000 that it's our dawning capacity
01:07:24.100 for self-consciousness
01:07:25.180 that put us in that uncomfortable position.
01:07:27.500 So why do I associate the eating of the apple
01:07:31.520 with self-consciousness?
01:07:33.940 Well, it's because that's how the story lays itself out.
01:07:36.760 You have the collateral evidence
01:07:38.160 of the Buddha's story of enlightenment, right?
01:07:40.820 His contact with death.
01:07:42.460 You have multiple medieval representations of Eve
01:07:45.880 offering to Adam not an apple but a skull.
01:07:51.300 You have multiple representations of the tree
01:07:53.800 of the knowledge of good and evil
01:07:54.940 and medieval iconography
01:07:56.340 as not containing apples
01:07:57.980 but containing skulls.
01:07:59.840 And you have the statements
01:08:02.040 that are within the context of Genesis itself.
01:08:06.560 And the eyes of both of them were opened.
01:08:10.140 And they knew that they were naked.
01:08:12.180 And they sewed fig leaves together
01:08:13.760 and made themselves aprons.
01:08:16.120 Well, there's a lot of information
01:08:17.860 packed into those two lines, right?
01:08:19.740 What does it mean to have your eyes open?
01:08:21.220 Well, half your brain is visual cortex.
01:08:24.100 It's not unreasonable to presume
01:08:26.400 that that means a quick magnification of consciousness.
01:08:32.560 You're conscious during the day.
01:08:34.120 That's when your eyes are open.
01:08:35.640 Well, what happens when your eyes are open?
01:08:37.600 Well, you know you're naked.
01:08:38.880 Well, what does that mean?
01:08:40.040 Well, you know you're vulnerable, right?
01:08:41.880 To social comment, to social judgment,
01:08:44.280 to dominance, hierarchy, status, maneuvering,
01:08:46.540 and to all the terrible things
01:08:48.140 that the unknown world can wreak upon you.
01:08:52.000 And so then what do you do?
01:08:53.660 Well, you create culture, right?
01:08:55.760 And that's what this little sentence says.
01:08:58.020 And they sewed fig leaves together
01:08:59.500 and made themselves aprons.
01:09:01.480 That's a pretty eventful sequence.
01:09:04.880 All crammed up in two little sentences.
01:09:08.720 So then what happens?
01:09:12.620 I think it's extremely interesting.
01:09:15.000 So before Adam and Eve figure out that they're naked,
01:09:18.040 they're cruising around the garden
01:09:19.060 having a fine time,
01:09:20.180 doing whatever they want.
01:09:21.060 They don't take any thought for the future, right?
01:09:23.140 They don't have a prefrontal cortex.
01:09:24.940 They're living in a paradox-less environment,
01:09:29.020 like an animal lives.
01:09:30.200 Well, what happens after they become self-conscious?
01:09:34.520 Well, prior to this,
01:09:36.560 Adam's walking around with God, right?
01:09:38.780 And you think about what that means.
01:09:40.400 It means something like this.
01:09:41.860 An animal isn't in the world of good and evil.
01:09:44.800 An animal, like nature points out,
01:09:46.320 is beyond good and evil, right?
01:09:48.020 Enraptured entirely by the actions of automatic instinct,
01:09:52.840 governed by processes that are completely transcendent.
01:09:56.520 The animal's nothing but a force of nature.
01:09:59.080 There's no opposition between the animal and the world.
01:10:01.680 The animal is the world.
01:10:04.420 And just as in the case of the animal,
01:10:07.260 prior to the eating of the apple,
01:10:09.220 Adam walks around the garden with God.
01:10:11.760 There's no discontinuity between him
01:10:15.100 and the transcendent world as such.
01:10:18.740 But as soon as he becomes naked, he hides.
01:10:22.780 Well, why?
01:10:24.020 Well, that doesn't need to be answered.
01:10:25.840 All you have to do is think about it.
01:10:26.980 Why would you hide if you know you're naked?
01:10:30.260 Well, it's simple.
01:10:31.880 You hide because you think you can get hurt.
01:10:34.500 You think that whatever you are is so vulnerable
01:10:37.620 that if it shows itself to the transcendent,
01:10:41.580 to others, to the natural world,
01:10:43.760 that something terrible will happen.
01:10:45.660 And then you think,
01:10:46.320 well, that's a pretty logical presupposition, right?
01:10:49.420 Look at us.
01:10:54.980 So God comes cruising around the garden
01:10:57.380 after Adam and Eve eat the apple
01:10:59.380 in the cool of the day.
01:11:02.000 And Adam and Eve hide themselves
01:11:04.340 among the trees of the garden.
01:11:06.240 And God says to Adam,
01:11:08.860 hey, where are you?
01:11:12.340 And Adam says,
01:11:13.380 I heard your voice
01:11:14.500 and I was afraid because I was naked
01:11:17.100 and I hid myself.
01:11:18.660 And that story has bottomless depth
01:11:22.140 because it means something like this.
01:11:25.220 At the beginning of Genesis,
01:11:27.020 there's this notion
01:11:27.820 that there's a transcendent relationship
01:11:29.960 between the individual and God, right?
01:11:31.820 with the identity of logos and the individual, right?
01:11:35.680 A notion, by the way,
01:11:36.720 that our entire idea of intrinsic human right
01:11:40.500 is predicated on
01:11:41.560 as we've been at some pains to demonstrate.
01:11:44.580 A relationship between the limited and the limitless
01:11:48.040 eradicated by the dawn of self-consciousness.
01:11:52.360 So what does that mean?
01:11:53.220 Well, let's say you have a destiny
01:11:54.720 just for the sake of argument, right?
01:11:57.200 Because you are a being with a tremendous history
01:12:00.200 and an unbelievable potential.
01:12:02.120 So let's say you have a destiny
01:12:03.340 just for the sake of argument.
01:12:04.980 What would cause you to hide from that destiny?
01:12:09.420 Well, obviously,
01:12:11.500 it's your own reflections
01:12:13.120 on your mortal vulnerability, right?
01:12:15.340 How could I be characterized
01:12:17.620 by any transcendent power whatsoever
01:12:21.160 when I'm susceptible to social alienation, right?
01:12:26.180 When I have this body
01:12:27.420 which is capable of terrifying degeneration
01:12:31.200 that will eventually decay into old age
01:12:34.200 and that is bounded by death.
01:12:36.220 How could I be good for anything?
01:12:38.420 Which is precisely what this little story says.
01:12:42.760 And so God figures out
01:12:44.580 that Adam and Eve ate the fruit
01:12:46.720 and that's a pretty decisive move
01:12:48.340 because once you wake up,
01:12:50.120 sorry, you're awake.
01:12:51.940 And he says,
01:12:52.800 and this is not an injunction, by the way.
01:12:55.180 This is a description.
01:12:57.080 All right, you've done it now.
01:12:59.720 Unto the woman, he says,
01:13:00.800 I will greatly multiply thy sorrow
01:13:02.480 and thy conception.
01:13:03.680 In sorrow shalt thou bring forth children.
01:13:06.200 Why?
01:13:07.420 Why?
01:13:08.620 Well,
01:13:09.560 we have a big cortex, right?
01:13:12.400 Really big.
01:13:13.280 It grew fast.
01:13:14.160 And what that meant
01:13:14.820 is that there was an evolutionary arms race
01:13:16.860 between skull size
01:13:18.960 date of birth
01:13:21.720 and pelvic diameter girth.
01:13:25.380 The wider the pelvis
01:13:27.560 the less effectively you can walk.
01:13:30.680 The larger the skull
01:13:31.800 the bigger the brain.
01:13:33.340 The younger the baby
01:13:34.520 the more dependent and vulnerable.
01:13:36.980 So what do we have
01:13:37.620 in the case of human beings?
01:13:39.660 The female human pelvis
01:13:41.380 has already stretched
01:13:42.360 to the limits
01:13:43.160 of its structural capacity.
01:13:44.540 So the hole in its center
01:13:46.160 is as big as it can get
01:13:48.000 without compromising
01:13:49.320 the structural integrity
01:13:50.320 of the pelvis
01:13:50.980 while still allowing women
01:13:52.380 to walk and run.
01:13:54.660 So how have babies adapted to that?
01:13:56.880 Well, that's simple.
01:13:58.280 A mammal of our size
01:13:59.360 should have a gestation period
01:14:00.660 of two years.
01:14:01.680 We have a gestation period
01:14:02.780 of nine months.
01:14:03.760 Why?
01:14:04.380 You've got to get the damn baby out
01:14:05.880 before its head gets too big.
01:14:07.420 What does that mean?
01:14:08.420 Well,
01:14:08.980 it means it's vulnerable, right?
01:14:10.360 Nothing more vulnerable
01:14:11.320 than a baby human being
01:14:12.660 except maybe a baby kangaroo.
01:14:14.540 Right?
01:14:14.840 But it's got a pouch
01:14:15.840 to hide in at least.
01:14:17.260 So we're born vulnerable, right?
01:14:19.320 Characteristic of the birth
01:14:20.360 of the hero.
01:14:21.240 Who suffers in childbirth?
01:14:22.980 Women.
01:14:23.700 Why?
01:14:24.580 Baby's skull is just
01:14:25.580 a little bit too big.
01:14:26.740 Has to be crunched
01:14:27.820 and compacted
01:14:28.780 during birth, right?
01:14:30.060 The skull bones
01:14:30.840 aren't joined together
01:14:31.660 so that the baby's head
01:14:32.700 can be squashed
01:14:33.800 and visibly deformed
01:14:35.400 during the process of birth.
01:14:36.920 Prior to the 20th century,
01:14:38.540 what was the death rate
01:14:39.540 among women giving birth?
01:14:40.980 One in three?
01:14:42.000 One in five?
01:14:43.200 Terrible.
01:14:43.660 Why?
01:14:44.900 That's the price you pay
01:14:45.960 for self-consciousness.
01:14:49.380 And thy desire
01:14:50.360 shall be to thy husband
01:14:51.360 and he shall rule over thee.
01:14:52.740 This is not an injunction.
01:14:54.440 This is a description.
01:14:57.800 The additional burden
01:14:59.180 that dependent offspring
01:15:00.840 place on women
01:15:01.860 place them at a disadvantage.
01:15:03.840 What's the consequence
01:15:04.600 of that from a historical perspective?
01:15:06.720 Well,
01:15:06.880 any feminist
01:15:07.420 can answer that question, right?
01:15:09.560 And unto Adam,
01:15:12.640 he said,
01:15:13.060 because you listen
01:15:13.860 to your wife
01:15:14.580 and have eaten the tree
01:15:16.420 of which I commanded thee,
01:15:18.060 saying,
01:15:18.360 don't eat that.
01:15:19.180 Cursed is the ground
01:15:19.940 for thy sake.
01:15:20.920 In sorrow
01:15:21.380 shall thou eat of it
01:15:22.320 for all the days
01:15:23.020 of thy life.
01:15:24.340 Fair enough, right?
01:15:25.360 Once you're self-conscious,
01:15:26.980 you work.
01:15:27.820 Why?
01:15:28.380 Well, animals don't work.
01:15:29.600 Why do people work?
01:15:30.820 Well, because we know,
01:15:32.220 right?
01:15:32.520 We know
01:15:32.940 that if it isn't
01:15:33.920 going to happen today,
01:15:35.440 it's going to happen tomorrow.
01:15:36.520 And if it isn't
01:15:37.000 going to happen tomorrow,
01:15:37.680 well, it's going to happen
01:15:38.200 next week
01:15:38.880 or the week after,
01:15:39.840 the month after,
01:15:40.520 the year after.
01:15:41.480 And we bloody well
01:15:42.360 better prepare.
01:15:43.520 So that's what we do.
01:15:45.220 Constantly prepare
01:15:46.660 and prepare
01:15:47.540 and prepare.
01:15:47.980 So we're not bounded
01:15:49.380 and motivated
01:15:50.660 by what's happening
01:15:51.680 from second to second
01:15:52.760 like the animal is
01:15:54.080 in its still paradisal state.
01:15:55.640 We're constantly tormented
01:15:57.120 by an endless string
01:15:58.340 of what-if questions
01:15:59.880 because when we look
01:16:00.980 at the unknown,
01:16:02.000 we can see the possibility
01:16:03.540 for everything,
01:16:04.840 including our own punishment,
01:16:06.760 our own torment,
01:16:07.940 our own demise.
01:16:09.520 And so we're motivated
01:16:10.460 like no other animal
01:16:11.420 to work.
01:16:12.520 And so we work.
01:16:13.480 But that is another aspect
01:16:14.860 that alienates us
01:16:15.980 from paradisal being.
01:16:18.740 Thorn and thistles
01:16:19.720 shall it bring forth for thee,
01:16:21.000 and thou shalt eat
01:16:21.620 the herb of the field.
01:16:22.840 In the sweat of thy face
01:16:23.880 shalt thou eat bread
01:16:24.900 till thou return
01:16:25.980 unto the ground.
01:16:26.800 For dust thou art,
01:16:27.860 and unto dust
01:16:28.540 shalt thou return.
01:16:30.280 Right.
01:16:31.080 Therefore the Lord God
01:16:32.280 sent him forth
01:16:33.100 from the Garden of Eden
01:16:34.180 to till the ground
01:16:35.080 from whence he was taken.
01:16:36.980 So he drove out the man
01:16:38.080 and he placed at the east
01:16:39.160 of the Garden of Eden
01:16:40.040 cherubims
01:16:40.680 and a flaming sword
01:16:41.620 which turned every way
01:16:42.580 to keep the way
01:16:43.620 of the tree of life.
01:16:45.480 Adam and Eve, right,
01:16:53.540 the mother and father
01:16:54.440 of all humanity.
01:16:55.500 So you can give them
01:16:56.260 a mythological slant
01:16:57.280 and you can say,
01:16:58.280 Adam is culture, say,
01:16:59.980 and Eve is nature.
01:17:01.060 Because they're
01:17:01.580 the archetypal parents,
01:17:02.780 it's a perfectly
01:17:03.320 reasonable interpretation.
01:17:04.900 They have twin sons,
01:17:07.440 Cain and Abel.
01:17:08.140 So let's read
01:17:09.340 firstborn creatures,
01:17:11.920 firstborn human creatures
01:17:13.040 in the new self-conscious world.
01:17:15.660 So what are the first two individuals
01:17:17.860 in the new self-conscious world like?
01:17:20.620 And let's find out.
01:17:22.100 And Adam knew Eve his wife
01:17:23.740 and she conceived
01:17:24.780 and bare Cain
01:17:25.540 and said,
01:17:26.220 I have gotten a man
01:17:27.200 from the Lord.
01:17:28.580 And again she bare
01:17:29.380 his brother Abel,
01:17:30.580 the younger brother.
01:17:32.060 And Abel was a keeper of sheep
01:17:33.340 but Cain was a tiller
01:17:34.680 of the ground.
01:17:36.220 And in the process of time
01:17:37.360 it came to pass
01:17:38.100 that Cain brought
01:17:38.900 of the fruit of the ground
01:17:39.740 an offering unto the Lord.
01:17:41.360 Okay, so we're going to remove
01:17:43.560 this from its,
01:17:44.720 this story from its entrapment
01:17:47.980 in a particular temporal domain
01:17:49.720 and within a temporal culture
01:17:51.320 we're going to say
01:17:51.760 something like this.
01:17:52.920 Well, if you work
01:17:54.420 you make sacrifices, right?
01:17:56.780 That's what work's all about.
01:17:58.040 And the reason you make sacrifices
01:17:59.300 is because you're offering up
01:18:00.980 to the unknown
01:18:01.820 the fruits of your labor
01:18:03.400 in the hope
01:18:04.180 that as a consequence
01:18:05.120 of your diligent effort
01:18:06.480 you're going to be favored, right?
01:18:08.320 Because otherwise why work?
01:18:09.420 The point of working
01:18:10.240 is to transform
01:18:11.340 the transcendent
01:18:12.520 into something benevolent.
01:18:13.840 So you work
01:18:14.320 and you work
01:18:14.720 and you work
01:18:15.140 and you say
01:18:15.560 is that sufficient?
01:18:17.200 And the answer you get
01:18:18.240 from the transcendent
01:18:19.180 is the answer.
01:18:21.320 Now, it's certainly true
01:18:22.660 that lots of people work
01:18:23.740 and it doesn't go
01:18:24.500 all that well, right?
01:18:25.580 They make sacrifices
01:18:27.720 and they do what they think
01:18:28.860 they have to do
01:18:29.560 and their life
01:18:30.260 is one string of catastrophes
01:18:31.680 after another, right?
01:18:32.960 So we have this situation.
01:18:34.780 In the process of time
01:18:35.800 it came to pass
01:18:36.540 that Cain brought
01:18:37.320 of the fruit of the ground
01:18:38.260 an offering unto the Lord.
01:18:40.140 And Abel
01:18:40.620 he also brought
01:18:41.960 of the firstlings
01:18:42.640 of his flock
01:18:43.380 and of the fat thereof.
01:18:45.260 And the Lord
01:18:45.900 had respect unto Abel
01:18:47.340 and his offering.
01:18:48.700 So what that means
01:18:49.440 is that old Abel
01:18:50.680 working away
01:18:51.440 man, things are going
01:18:52.520 great for him, right?
01:18:53.520 Fortune smiles on him.
01:18:54.940 He's doing wonderfully.
01:18:56.400 He's got everything
01:18:57.900 he needs.
01:18:58.900 Well, old Cain
01:18:59.640 he's scrounging away
01:19:00.600 in the ground
01:19:01.140 and things aren't going
01:19:02.180 as well for him at all, right?
01:19:03.740 Plagues, locusts,
01:19:04.880 you name it.
01:19:05.800 Farm life isn't going well.
01:19:07.340 So what happens?
01:19:10.560 Well, Cain was very wroth
01:19:12.320 and his countenance fell.
01:19:13.620 Precisely, right?
01:19:16.100 Because if you work
01:19:17.840 diligently towards
01:19:18.980 a certain end
01:19:19.740 and you don't get there
01:19:21.380 then your countenance falls, right?
01:19:24.160 You're angry, frustrated,
01:19:25.400 disappointed, hurt,
01:19:26.360 anxious, threatened,
01:19:27.500 ashamed, guilty.
01:19:28.800 The whole panoply
01:19:29.800 of negative emotions.
01:19:31.260 And that's fair enough
01:19:32.180 because of course
01:19:33.180 if you fail
01:19:33.780 that's what's going
01:19:34.900 to be the consequence.
01:19:35.720 But then there's
01:19:36.220 this little twist on it, right?
01:19:37.720 This specifically human twist
01:19:39.640 that it's like
01:19:40.360 the kind of moral
01:19:41.480 of the whole story.
01:19:42.480 And so you find
01:19:43.360 the Lord saying,
01:19:45.600 oh, you know,
01:19:46.340 what's up with you?
01:19:48.140 Why are you so unhappy?
01:19:49.940 If you just got
01:19:51.280 your act together
01:19:52.060 then you'd be accepted.
01:19:55.220 If you really got
01:19:56.100 your act together
01:19:56.640 which is a statement
01:19:57.740 something like this.
01:19:59.220 If you keep making sacrifices
01:20:01.040 and the same terrible thing
01:20:03.120 keeps happening
01:20:04.280 there's always the possibility
01:20:05.900 that you're just actually
01:20:07.480 not doing it
01:20:08.460 the right way.
01:20:09.620 And if you just get
01:20:10.620 yourself straightened up
01:20:11.780 tapped together, right?
01:20:13.260 And drop the preconceptions
01:20:15.080 that you don't really need
01:20:16.300 and adjust your behavior
01:20:17.380 accordingly
01:20:17.900 then fortune would
01:20:19.120 smile on you
01:20:20.000 and that's exactly
01:20:20.760 what the Lord says
01:20:21.960 to Cain, right?
01:20:23.620 You don't walk around
01:20:24.840 with such a crabby look
01:20:25.880 on your face.
01:20:26.780 If you did well
01:20:27.520 you'll be accepted
01:20:28.320 and if you don't do well
01:20:29.560 sin lies at the door.
01:20:31.740 So what does that mean?
01:20:32.580 Well, this is a deep motif
01:20:34.620 in ancient Hebrew thinking.
01:20:37.560 If the world isn't
01:20:38.780 laying itself out
01:20:39.900 in a manner
01:20:40.420 that you find acceptable
01:20:41.640 you're faced with
01:20:42.620 a tough choice.
01:20:43.720 Either the world
01:20:44.500 is a terrible place
01:20:46.060 bent on your destruction
01:20:47.300 or
01:20:48.180 you're doing something wrong.
01:20:50.660 And it bloody well
01:20:51.460 better be
01:20:51.960 that you're doing
01:20:52.700 something wrong.
01:20:53.580 Because if the world
01:20:54.300 is a terrible place
01:20:55.240 bent on your destruction
01:20:56.340 you've got
01:20:57.280 absolutely no hope.
01:21:02.740 And Cain talked
01:21:03.700 with Abel his brother
01:21:04.500 and it came to pass
01:21:05.720 when they were
01:21:06.360 in the field
01:21:06.900 that Cain rose up
01:21:08.440 against Abel his brother
01:21:09.480 and killed him.
01:21:11.100 So what does that mean?
01:21:12.540 Well, it's pretty easy.
01:21:13.940 It's simple.
01:21:14.760 It means this.
01:21:16.140 Well, see, things
01:21:16.720 aren't going that well
01:21:17.580 for you
01:21:18.000 and it's really not
01:21:19.240 because life's unfair
01:21:21.340 and everything's
01:21:22.140 stacked against you.
01:21:23.000 It's because
01:21:23.220 you're kind of
01:21:24.060 an arrogant, stubborn,
01:21:25.920 quasi-totalitarian
01:21:27.260 cowardly idiot
01:21:28.900 and as a consequence
01:21:30.780 of that
01:21:31.240 the world is turning
01:21:32.120 into something
01:21:32.720 resembling a wasteland
01:21:33.860 around you
01:21:34.360 and you have this option
01:21:35.540 change
01:21:36.420 or continue.
01:21:40.720 Or you have another option
01:21:41.920 man, look around
01:21:43.840 there's all those people
01:21:44.820 doing well.
01:21:46.240 The world's a terrible place
01:21:47.600 bent on my destruction.
01:21:49.280 Wouldn't it be
01:21:49.860 just the most interesting
01:21:51.180 thing if
01:21:51.760 as things are going
01:21:53.200 to hell for me
01:21:54.260 I could take along
01:21:55.620 just for the ride
01:21:56.560 some of those
01:21:57.520 successful people
01:21:58.580 who are successful
01:21:59.980 just for unfair reasons
01:22:02.300 anyways, right?
01:22:03.480 So instead of
01:22:04.340 using all that
01:22:05.260 negative emotion
01:22:06.020 as a cue
01:22:06.640 that there's something
01:22:07.820 about me
01:22:08.380 that might need
01:22:09.020 to be transformed
01:22:09.800 I can say
01:22:10.720 well
01:22:11.020 why not just eradicate
01:22:14.340 the target
01:22:15.680 of my resentment, right?
01:22:17.640 Not only because
01:22:18.460 that sort of removes
01:22:19.280 the problem of comparison
01:22:20.460 but more profoundly
01:22:22.260 and I think
01:22:23.140 sort of again
01:22:23.920 illimitlessly profoundly
01:22:26.080 let's say
01:22:27.160 you make the decision
01:22:27.980 that the world's
01:22:28.740 a terrible place
01:22:29.960 and it's bent
01:22:30.560 on your destruction
01:22:31.440 and then you think
01:22:32.440 well what's the logical
01:22:33.320 response to that?
01:22:34.680 And then you think
01:22:35.140 something like this
01:22:36.260 Goethe
01:22:45.600 Faust
01:22:46.280 Mephistopheles
01:22:47.480 Credo
01:22:48.040 The spirit
01:22:50.340 I
01:22:50.720 that endlessly
01:22:51.420 denies
01:22:52.200 and rightly
01:22:53.580 too
01:22:54.020 for all that
01:22:55.220 comes to birth
01:22:56.020 is fit
01:22:57.460 for overthrow
01:22:58.220 as nothing worth
01:22:59.560 wherefore
01:23:00.940 the world
01:23:01.520 were better
01:23:02.300 sterilized
01:23:03.540 thus all that's here
01:23:05.720 is evil recognized
01:23:06.820 is gain to me
01:23:08.520 and downfall
01:23:09.880 ruin
01:23:10.280 and sin
01:23:10.900 the very element
01:23:12.160 I prosper in
01:23:13.280 and
01:23:14.680 Goethe
01:23:16.100 draws our attention
01:23:17.260 to this credo
01:23:18.120 not once
01:23:18.640 but twice
01:23:19.280 in his writing
01:23:20.440 of Faust
01:23:20.980 and has Mephistopheles
01:23:22.100 say
01:23:22.640 right
01:23:23.540 once again
01:23:24.780 gone
01:23:25.360 to sheer nothing
01:23:27.560 past
01:23:28.320 with null
01:23:29.440 made one
01:23:30.220 what matters
01:23:31.400 our creative
01:23:32.080 endless toil
01:23:32.880 when at a snatch
01:23:33.940 oblivion ends
01:23:34.780 the coil
01:23:35.220 it is bygone
01:23:36.760 how shall this riddle
01:23:38.140 run
01:23:38.460 as good
01:23:39.640 as if things
01:23:40.260 never had begun
01:23:41.180 yet circle back
01:23:42.220 existence to possess
01:23:43.340 I'd rather have
01:23:44.640 eternal emptiness
01:23:45.520 and so then you think
01:23:47.400 about Cain-like figures
01:23:49.460 like Stellan
01:23:50.720 and you think
01:23:52.100 well
01:23:52.300 what exactly
01:23:53.200 was he motivated by
01:23:54.400 and on the one hand
01:23:55.120 you think
01:23:55.440 well
01:23:55.660 he was trying to extend
01:23:57.000 his cultural dominion
01:23:58.200 right
01:23:58.460 plagued by his own
01:23:59.880 self-conscious neuroticism
01:24:01.420 he wanted to extend
01:24:02.800 the
01:24:03.580 the
01:24:04.800 the
01:24:06.220 borders
01:24:07.040 of his
01:24:07.700 totalitarian
01:24:08.540 certainty
01:24:09.580 to every corner
01:24:10.660 just to not be plagued
01:24:12.620 by the unknown
01:24:13.400 and you think
01:24:14.320 fair enough
01:24:14.900 you know
01:24:15.220 like
01:24:15.480 we're all pretty nervous
01:24:16.560 and a little stability
01:24:17.480 is a good thing
01:24:18.160 why
01:24:18.900 because they make
01:24:20.280 a fundamental judgment
01:24:21.720 which is
01:24:22.440 the judgment
01:24:23.220 of Mephistopheles
01:24:24.160 look
01:24:25.120 life
01:24:26.740 is terrible
01:24:27.800 terrible
01:24:28.760 terrible
01:24:29.700 we're self-conscious
01:24:31.420 we get sick
01:24:32.800 we go insane
01:24:33.820 we're gonna die
01:24:34.820 children
01:24:35.640 innocent children
01:24:36.660 suffer
01:24:37.440 everywhere
01:24:38.300 how in the world
01:24:39.960 is it right
01:24:41.020 to let such
01:24:42.380 a state
01:24:43.220 continue
01:24:44.240 maybe it would be better
01:24:46.440 all things considered
01:24:47.780 just to bring the whole game
01:24:50.000 to an end
01:24:50.680 and so then you think
01:24:52.340 again
01:24:52.780 with
01:24:53.320 Iliada
01:24:54.380 that the reason
01:24:55.900 that human societies
01:24:56.920 fall apart
01:24:57.580 is twofold
01:24:58.400 one is
01:24:59.160 things go from bad
01:25:01.180 to worse
01:25:01.660 of their own accord
01:25:02.560 right
01:25:02.900 thermodynamic reality
01:25:04.580 pure entropy
01:25:05.760 structured
01:25:07.560 entities
01:25:08.840 decay
01:25:09.560 but then there's a twist
01:25:11.400 structured entities
01:25:13.520 constructed by humans
01:25:15.040 are sped
01:25:16.260 in their process
01:25:17.240 of decay
01:25:17.880 by the participants
01:25:19.380 of the individuals
01:25:20.540 within that society
01:25:21.740 who have essentially
01:25:23.040 decided that
01:25:24.160 the game
01:25:25.400 is not worth
01:25:26.580 the price
01:25:27.560 and that under such
01:25:29.000 conditions
01:25:29.580 the only reasonable
01:25:31.260 thing
01:25:31.760 for a self-conscious
01:25:33.140 painfully self-conscious
01:25:34.860 individual to do
01:25:35.900 is to work
01:25:37.000 as hard
01:25:37.840 as he or she
01:25:38.620 possibly can
01:25:39.700 to take the
01:25:41.220 maximum amount
01:25:42.140 of revenge
01:25:42.740 on the conditions
01:25:43.640 of existence
01:25:44.300 and to ensure
01:25:45.480 that the entire game
01:25:46.800 folds up
01:25:47.960 the consciousness
01:25:49.000 disappears
01:25:49.860 and the being
01:25:50.920 is eradicated
01:25:52.220 thank you for listening
01:25:55.540 to the Jordan B. Peterson
01:25:56.760 podcast
01:25:57.300 this was an amalgamation
01:26:00.060 of episode 7 to 9
01:26:01.580 of Maps of Meaning
01:26:02.500 recorded by TV Ontario
01:26:04.180 to support these podcasts
01:26:08.280 you can donate to
01:26:09.060 Dr. Peterson's
01:26:09.960 Patreon account
01:26:10.880 the link to which
01:26:11.900 can be found
01:26:12.480 in the description
01:26:13.160 of this episode
01:26:14.020 Dr. Peterson's
01:26:17.540 self-development programs
01:26:19.140 can be found
01:26:20.000 at self-authoring
01:26:21.060 dot com
01:26:21.720 thank you