The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - Our Emotions and the Social Hierarchy

00:00:00.960 Hey everyone, real quick before you skip, I want to talk to you about something serious and important.

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00:00:51.040 Welcome to episode 48 of the Jordan B. Peterson podcast.

00:01:00.580 I'm Michaela Peterson, Jordan's daughter.

00:01:02.900 We're still in Florida for the next month.

00:01:05.440 We've been doing NAD IV treatments, and Dad tried an IV called exosome therapy as well.

00:01:11.760 Both of these therapies are supposed to work for neuroregeneration and neurorehab.

00:01:16.380 We'll see if they can speed up Dad's recovery.

00:01:19.360 At least we're here enjoying the sun.

00:01:22.160 I hope you enjoy this episode called Our Emotions and the Social Hierarchy, Part 1.

00:01:28.040 Recorded in Brisbane, Australia on February 17th, 2019.

00:01:35.960 Our Emotions and the Social Hierarchy, Part 1.

00:01:39.600 A Jordan B. Peterson 12 Rules for Life Lecture.

00:01:46.380 Well, thank you.

00:01:53.540 It's remarkable to see all of you here in this amazing room.

00:01:57.640 So, well, I hope we have an interesting and engaging time tonight.

00:02:03.720 That's the plan.

00:02:05.920 I have a lecture planned.

00:02:08.760 So, it's got a strange title.

00:02:13.180 It's not that exciting, really.

00:02:16.060 The first part of it is the socialization of the value hierarchy.

00:02:20.340 And the second is, and the estimation of the magnitude of error.

00:02:27.720 It's like, you wouldn't think you'd come and sit in here to listen to that talk, really, would you?

00:02:31.840 So, I'm not sure I would.

00:02:34.700 But it is interesting.

00:02:36.360 It's a very, very interesting problem.

00:02:38.680 And here's part of what the problem is, the part of the problem I'm trying to solve.

00:02:43.560 Part of it is, how is your emotional stability tied up with your social identity?

00:02:53.420 That's a really important question.

00:02:55.240 And I think it might be the central question that I've been pursuing my entire...

00:03:01.740 As long as I've been able to think intellectually, that might be the problem that I've been pursuing.

00:03:06.000 Because one of the things I've been interested in is,

00:03:08.920 why is it that people are so committed to their group identity, let's say,

00:03:14.360 or their group beliefs, that they will, well, let's say, go to war to protect them,

00:03:19.520 or to spread them, or that they will commit atrocities, hypothetically, in defense of them.

00:03:25.120 So, it's a very interesting problem.

00:03:27.740 You know, because people, when people think about motivation for war, for example,

00:03:33.860 they often attribute it to economic causes.

00:03:36.640 And that just never struck me as plausible.

00:03:39.100 Sometimes it's plausible.

00:03:40.300 But it's not a deep solution, as far as I'm concerned.

00:03:45.780 It's more psychological.

00:03:47.480 Our beliefs are important to us.

00:03:49.520 And what does it mean?

00:03:51.300 Well, there's a lot of questions there.

00:03:54.600 What do you mean by belief?

00:03:57.040 Exactly.

00:03:59.220 You know, physicists generally don't go to war over their belief in one physical theory over another.

00:04:04.240 So, it can't be just as simple as belief.

00:04:06.300 It has to be more complicated than that.

00:04:10.820 And people are committed to their beliefs, too.

00:04:14.280 And it isn't obvious what commitment means.

00:04:16.460 And so, those are the things that I've been trying to unpack.

00:04:21.160 What does it mean to have a belief?

00:04:24.380 And what does it mean?

00:04:25.900 How does it, how does it, how does it, why is it important to you?

00:04:29.600 Why is it crucial to you?

00:04:30.980 There's something associated deeply.

00:04:33.320 There's a deep association between belief and value.

00:04:35.940 And so, then that brings up another question.

00:04:39.420 What exactly do you mean by value?

00:04:41.720 So, that's three hard questions.

00:04:44.740 And so, that's part of it.

00:04:46.160 And then, so that's the value hierarchy question part of it.

00:04:50.140 And then, the error magnitude problem is, well, let's say, let's say you go to a party, and

00:04:58.220 you tell a joke, and, you know, you think it's a pretty funny joke.

00:05:04.680 And you tell your joke, and no one laughs.

00:05:09.920 And in fact, they look at you like you're rather odd.

00:05:13.660 And then, the question is, well, how should you respond to that?

00:05:18.740 Like, what exactly does that indicate about you?

00:05:21.380 I mean, does it indicate a minor flaw in an otherwise stellar personality?

00:05:27.100 Because that's a possibility.

00:05:28.760 Or does it mean that, like, you're a creep?

00:05:32.420 Right?

00:05:32.960 And maybe right down to the core.

00:05:35.800 And, you know, you could even think the less that you think that it means that you're a creep,

00:05:42.480 the more likely it is that you are one.

00:05:45.360 So, but, you know, it's very hard to estimate the magnitude of an error.

00:05:50.400 We have, how upset should you get when something that you don't want to happen happens?

00:05:56.260 And it's very, very hard to figure that out.

00:05:58.440 If you wake up in the morning and, you know, you have a pain, say, in your side,

00:06:04.460 or you're not feeling particularly well, it's like, well, how upset should you get about that?

00:06:11.360 And one answer is, well, like, maybe you're going to die in three months, you know?

00:06:18.000 Maybe that's the beginning of pancreatic cancer, and that's the end of you.

00:06:21.220 And so maybe you should just be terrified into paralysis when you have a pain that you can't explain.

00:06:28.640 Or maybe you should just brush it off and think, well, you know, I'll get up and do what I usually do,

00:06:35.000 and it's probably nothing.

00:06:37.060 And sometimes you're right with the it's probably nothing approach,

00:06:42.280 and sometimes if you don't go to the physician right away because you have some relatively trivial pain,

00:06:47.600 then you're dead.

00:06:49.040 And so this problem of estimating magnitude of error, importance of error,

00:06:56.740 it's unbelievably, it's an unbelievably difficult problem.

00:07:00.220 And so I want to address both of those problems at the same time tonight.

00:07:05.660 So that's the plan.

00:07:07.060 So we'll see how that goes.

00:07:08.420 So, and then I want to weave in there one more thing,

00:07:14.320 which is this relationship between your own psychological structure,

00:07:20.540 whatever that happens to be, your own value hierarchy,

00:07:23.640 because there's a very tight relationship between your value hierarchy and your psychological structure,

00:07:29.360 which is why hierarchies, by the way, are necessary,

00:07:32.720 which is part of the point I was trying to make, say, in rule one,

00:07:35.300 in 12 rules for life when I talked about hierarchies.

00:07:37.820 There's no getting away from hierarchies.

00:07:39.920 Because a hierarchy is a structure that tells you that one thing takes precedence over another,

00:07:44.280 that one thing is more important than another, right?

00:07:46.640 And if everything is of equal import,

00:07:50.080 then nothing is more important than anything else, by definition.

00:07:53.740 And then, well, what should you do?

00:07:58.020 And the answer is, well, you can't tell,

00:08:00.360 because nothing is any more important than anything else.

00:08:04.160 And the definition of important, fundamentally,

00:08:08.320 is something like that which you should do first.

00:08:12.180 You know, that constitutes importance.

00:08:16.140 That's also something that's relevant, I would say, too,

00:08:18.520 because a lot of the way that we look at the world is as a place to.

00:08:23.240 We look at the world as a place in which to act,

00:08:25.960 and we make a lot of judgments about the nature of the world

00:08:28.900 in terms of how we should structure our action.

00:08:31.220 In fact, the theory that I am putting forth in general

00:08:35.640 is a theory that's predicated on the notion

00:08:38.160 that the essential way that we look at the world

00:08:42.360 is as if it's a forum of action,

00:08:45.480 like a dramatic forum,

00:08:47.080 like a story.

00:08:48.300 That's a good way of thinking about it,

00:08:49.820 that we really do view ourselves and our place in the world

00:08:53.420 as a story that's set in a narrative landscape.

00:08:57.640 And, you know, you might argue that that's not the case.

00:09:00.980 You could say whether that viewpoint, for example,

00:09:02.840 has been superseded by a scientific viewpoint.

00:09:05.200 But it isn't obvious to me that that's the case.

00:09:08.200 And it certainly isn't...

00:09:10.640 It's certainly not the case that we act that way.

00:09:13.440 And it's certainly not the case that we

00:09:15.560 structure our political systems that way.

00:09:18.060 And it's certainly not the case that we treat each other that way,

00:09:21.520 or that we think that way,

00:09:23.160 or that we react emotionally that way.

00:09:25.960 And so that's a lot.

00:09:27.520 And, you know, it's also the case that...

00:09:29.380 The other thing that's worth thinking about in this regard is,

00:09:32.080 you know, we've only been thinking about the world

00:09:34.120 as an objective place for 500 years,

00:09:38.920 something like that.

00:09:39.580 I mean, maybe you could chase it back to the ancient Greeks

00:09:41.900 and go back 2,000 years,

00:09:43.280 but whatever, from a historical perspective,

00:09:47.640 500 years or 200 years is the same amount of time.

00:09:52.020 And it's a tiny fraction of the amount of time

00:09:55.000 that living creatures that were approximately like us

00:09:58.020 have been around.

00:09:59.400 So we got along fine without thinking about the world

00:10:02.940 as an objective place for a very, very long time.

00:10:05.940 We survived, and here we are.

00:10:07.640 It doesn't mean it's a bad idea,

00:10:09.040 but it does imply that there are other ways

00:10:12.740 of looking at the world that are highly functional

00:10:16.360 and that have been conserved for,

00:10:18.960 well, for, let's say, for evolutionary reasons.

00:10:21.140 And so, you know, if you make the case,

00:10:23.680 which you might,

00:10:24.780 that what you evolve to match is reality,

00:10:30.880 at least you match it well enough

00:10:32.340 so that reality doesn't kill you,

00:10:33.940 which is more or less the definition of evolution,

00:10:36.140 if you evolve to match reality in some sense,

00:10:41.420 and the manner in which you evolve

00:10:43.760 predisposes you to view the world

00:10:47.000 as if it's a narrative of sorts,

00:10:49.600 then possibly the world is a narrative of sorts,

00:10:53.840 at least insofar as it concerns you.

00:10:56.780 Now, what that means metaphysically, I don't know,

00:10:59.340 but that's okay,

00:11:00.000 because who knows anything metaphysically,

00:11:02.980 virtually by definition,

00:11:05.260 what's metaphysical is beyond what you know.

00:11:07.680 You can speculate,

00:11:09.240 but, and so, you know,

00:11:12.240 I would speculate that there is something narrative

00:11:15.300 about the structure of the world,

00:11:16.580 but it doesn't matter.

00:11:17.760 We don't have to go down that route.

00:11:19.900 We can just think about this practically.

00:11:22.060 So the first thing I want to tell you about

00:11:23.640 that I think is really important

00:11:26.480 to lay out the structure of this argument

00:11:28.340 is something about the relationship

00:11:29.800 between perception and emotion and motivation.

00:11:35.660 And this is actually pretty simple,

00:11:38.280 but people don't know it.

00:11:41.680 And I guess it's simple in the way

00:11:43.980 that complex things are simple

00:11:45.440 when you think them through for a very long time

00:11:47.520 and understand them

00:11:49.280 and then can finally lay them out,

00:11:51.040 you know,

00:11:51.700 in some manner that's rather,

00:11:54.340 let's say,

00:11:55.640 clear,

00:11:56.280 because you understand them.

00:11:58.300 I derived a fair bit of this information

00:12:00.640 from a book called

00:12:02.260 The Neuropsychology of Anxiety

00:12:03.900 by a man named Jeffrey Gray,

00:12:05.460 who I think was

00:12:06.240 one of the two greatest neuropsychologists

00:12:08.840 of the 20th century,

00:12:10.400 two or three.

00:12:12.560 And his Neuropsychology of Anxiety,

00:12:16.060 which is on my list of recommended books,

00:12:17.800 by the way,

00:12:18.260 on my website,

00:12:19.240 it's a really hard book.

00:12:21.220 Like, and I mean,

00:12:22.220 it took me like six months

00:12:25.300 to read that book

00:12:26.180 and all of it was painful.

00:12:29.380 And the reason for that was,

00:12:31.180 well, you know,

00:12:32.220 books are interesting.

00:12:34.180 Some, some aren't.

00:12:37.800 Often I dog-ear the pages of books

00:12:41.460 that I'm reading

00:12:41.940 if I find a line or something,

00:12:43.700 you know,

00:12:43.960 that I'd like to remember

00:12:44.880 that I think is important.

00:12:46.260 And, you know,

00:12:46.920 I have some books on my shelves

00:12:48.160 that like pages are dog-eared double

00:12:51.360 because there was a really amazing thought

00:12:53.500 on one page

00:12:54.260 and there was a really amazing thought

00:12:55.800 on another,

00:12:56.640 on the other page,

00:12:57.740 you know,

00:12:58.080 the facing page.

00:12:59.240 And so the whole damn thing

00:13:00.300 is just nothing but dog-ears.

00:13:02.080 And then there's other books

00:13:03.380 where there's zero.

00:13:06.240 When I read Nietzsche,

00:13:07.320 for example,

00:13:07.940 there was lots of dog-ears

00:13:09.160 on Beyond Good and Evil,

00:13:10.580 which is a great book.

00:13:11.780 And Nietzsche actually,

00:13:13.300 he came up with

00:13:14.080 the most arrogant statement

00:13:15.240 anybody ever made

00:13:16.480 about himself as an author,

00:13:19.280 which is really quite impressive

00:13:20.540 to come up with

00:13:21.980 the most arrogant statement,

00:13:23.400 you know,

00:13:23.620 that's really something.

00:13:24.560 And he was great

00:13:25.700 at coming up with one-liners,

00:13:27.800 philosophical one-liners.

00:13:28.940 He said,

00:13:29.600 I can write in a sentence

00:13:32.420 what other people,

00:13:35.580 what it takes other people,

00:13:37.800 a book to write.

00:13:40.180 And then he said,

00:13:40.880 no,

00:13:41.100 that they can't even write in a book.

00:13:44.260 So that's pretty good, eh?

00:13:45.480 It's like arrogant

00:13:46.780 and then he topped it.

00:13:48.020 It's like,

00:13:48.620 yes,

00:13:48.940 this is a man who could

00:13:49.880 who could really write.

00:13:51.420 Anyways,

00:13:52.020 the problem with reading

00:13:53.840 a book like that,

00:13:55.760 Beyond Good and Evil,

00:13:56.540 say,

00:13:56.820 is that every damn sentence

00:13:59.120 is a thought

00:13:59.900 and a deep thought.

00:14:02.620 And so reading Beyond Good and Evil,

00:14:04.320 it's like just constantly

00:14:05.740 being punched.

00:14:07.140 I mean,

00:14:07.480 partly you're punched

00:14:08.380 because you read part of it

00:14:10.220 and you don't know

00:14:10.680 what the hell he says

00:14:12.240 and so then you know

00:14:13.260 you're stupid

00:14:13.880 and so that's a punch.

00:14:15.880 And then,

00:14:16.240 and then,

00:14:17.340 and then now and then

00:14:18.140 you stumble across something

00:14:19.240 you understand

00:14:19.880 and it's like,

00:14:21.180 it's hard on you.

00:14:22.180 He said he philosophized

00:14:23.300 with a hammer,

00:14:24.000 you know,

00:14:24.220 that he was breaking things apart

00:14:25.520 and,

00:14:26.140 and,

00:14:26.780 and there's no doubt about that.

00:14:28.720 So now and then

00:14:29.240 you run across something

00:14:29.980 you understand

00:14:30.580 and,

00:14:31.220 and then that breaks you apart

00:14:32.900 because you understand it

00:14:34.200 and so,

00:14:34.960 and it,

00:14:35.340 and it takes a long time

00:14:36.340 to go through the book

00:14:37.060 because you have to think about it.

00:14:38.680 And,

00:14:39.280 and,

00:14:39.880 and God,

00:14:40.720 that's not good

00:14:41.460 thinking about things.

00:14:43.340 You know,

00:14:43.720 well,

00:14:44.060 it isn't

00:14:44.580 because,

00:14:44.980 you know,

00:14:45.140 when you think about,

00:14:45.840 you already know everything

00:14:46.860 in some sense.

00:14:47.660 You know,

00:14:47.860 you've got a map

00:14:48.500 that covers the whole world

00:14:49.660 which is sort of

00:14:50.580 why you can function.

00:14:51.920 And so,

00:14:52.220 as long as everything's going fine

00:14:53.560 you don't really have to adjust

00:14:54.620 your map

00:14:55.100 and you don't have to think.

00:14:56.600 But then,

00:14:57.220 if you come across something

00:14:58.220 that makes you think

00:14:59.400 then what that means

00:15:00.760 is that part of

00:15:01.540 the way you were thinking

00:15:02.660 was wrong.

00:15:04.360 And so,

00:15:04.880 when you think something,

00:15:06.860 when you're forced to,

00:15:08.240 then some little part

00:15:09.360 of what you were,

00:15:10.700 your map,

00:15:11.400 the way you represent the world,

00:15:12.440 it has to die

00:15:13.540 because it was wrong.

00:15:15.260 And then it has to be replaced

00:15:16.680 by this new thing

00:15:17.720 and God only knows

00:15:18.800 how much of

00:15:19.420 what it was

00:15:20.240 that was there

00:15:21.240 has to die.

00:15:22.020 That's part of the

00:15:22.600 magnitude of error problem.

00:15:23.960 And so,

00:15:24.340 people don't like to think.

00:15:25.920 And so,

00:15:26.240 it's hard to read

00:15:27.080 difficult books

00:15:28.180 like Beyond Good and Evil

00:15:29.480 because

00:15:29.820 you're just forced

00:15:31.480 to think

00:15:32.180 and think

00:15:32.740 and it's just exhausting.

00:15:34.220 You wish,

00:15:34.520 you wish that he would

00:15:35.200 just go away.

00:15:36.660 You know,

00:15:36.960 which is why they're trying

00:15:38.120 to not teach

00:15:39.060 difficult books

00:15:39.820 in universities anymore

00:15:41.040 so that people

00:15:42.160 don't have to undergo

00:15:43.200 the difficult process

00:15:44.640 of actually having to

00:15:45.780 think and transform themselves.

00:15:47.920 Anyways,

00:15:48.360 I read Jeffrey Gray's book

00:15:49.720 The Neuropsychology of Anxiety

00:15:51.660 and

00:15:52.340 it was like that.

00:15:55.280 He was,

00:15:55.860 he was something, man.

00:15:57.860 Student of a psychologist

00:15:59.560 named

00:16:00.180 Hans Isaac

00:16:01.260 who was the

00:16:02.340 most cited

00:16:03.400 psychologist

00:16:04.020 in the 20th century

00:16:05.120 and really

00:16:06.180 quite a good psychologist.

00:16:07.420 He laid a lot

00:16:07.880 of the groundwork

00:16:08.480 for modern

00:16:09.120 theories of

00:16:10.300 temperament

00:16:11.180 and personality.

00:16:12.160 They've been modified

00:16:12.860 since his work

00:16:13.780 but he got

00:16:14.480 extroversion right.

00:16:15.720 He was the first person

00:16:16.500 to really identify

00:16:17.340 extroversion

00:16:18.020 in a manner

00:16:19.080 that could be measured.

00:16:20.640 Carl Jung

00:16:21.160 actually invented

00:16:21.920 the notion

00:16:22.480 but Isaac figured out

00:16:23.720 how to measure it

00:16:24.460 which is a big deal

00:16:25.220 and he also

00:16:26.120 noted that there was

00:16:27.160 another important

00:16:27.960 personality dimension,

00:16:29.280 neuroticism

00:16:29.960 which is the tendency

00:16:30.860 towards negative emotion

00:16:32.140 and he got that right too

00:16:33.700 because that actually

00:16:34.460 happened to be the case

00:16:35.280 and he figured out

00:16:35.800 how to measure it.

00:16:36.520 So Isaac was the first person

00:16:38.100 who really established

00:16:39.220 conceptually

00:16:41.640 the fact that

00:16:42.700 our two fundamental,

00:16:44.300 we have two fundamental

00:16:45.300 emotional systems,

00:16:47.640 one positive

00:16:48.300 and one negative,

00:16:49.480 that they weren't,

00:16:50.820 they're not opposites

00:16:51.920 exactly.

00:16:53.120 They're actually

00:16:53.700 separate biological systems.

00:16:55.400 So some people

00:16:56.300 can be extroverted

00:16:57.240 which means

00:16:57.840 they're quite happy

00:16:58.620 and assertive.

00:17:00.020 They smile a lot,

00:17:00.860 they laugh a lot,

00:17:01.440 they tell a lot of jokes,

00:17:02.280 they like to party,

00:17:03.480 they always like to be

00:17:04.300 around people.

00:17:05.160 That's an extroverted person

00:17:06.820 and they can also be

00:17:09.260 unhappy,

00:17:10.440 worried,

00:17:10.920 anxious,

00:17:11.520 depressed,

00:17:12.060 frustrated,

00:17:12.640 disappointed.

00:17:13.460 I mean living with

00:17:14.040 someone like that

00:17:14.680 is quite a trip

00:17:15.320 because they're just

00:17:16.100 all over the place

00:17:16.900 but there are people

00:17:19.240 like that

00:17:19.680 because you can be

00:17:20.720 high in negative emotion

00:17:21.740 and you can be high

00:17:22.420 in positive emotion

00:17:23.220 or low in both

00:17:24.160 or whatever

00:17:24.680 and it's useful

00:17:26.080 to know that.

00:17:26.700 It's useful to know

00:17:27.420 that about your partner

00:17:28.300 and about the people

00:17:29.680 around you

00:17:30.100 and if you are interested

00:17:31.560 in this sort of thing

00:17:32.400 by the way

00:17:32.880 I have a personality

00:17:34.880 test online

00:17:36.560 at understandmyself.com

00:17:39.320 and you can go there

00:17:40.120 and it takes you

00:17:41.140 about 15 minutes

00:17:41.960 and it gives you

00:17:43.040 five dimensions

00:17:44.160 of personality

00:17:45.220 extroversion

00:17:46.560 neuroticism

00:17:47.260 that's positive

00:17:47.920 and negative emotion

00:17:48.760 agreeableness

00:17:49.680 which is

00:17:50.620 like a

00:17:52.000 it's probably

00:17:52.920 the maternal

00:17:53.740 instinct dimension

00:17:55.480 but at least

00:17:56.920 it's the variance

00:17:57.760 between compassion

00:17:59.080 and competitive aggression

00:18:00.480 it's something like that

00:18:01.740 and that looks like

00:18:02.380 a continuum

00:18:02.900 and there's another dimension

00:18:04.260 which is trait conscientiousness

00:18:06.040 which is integrity

00:18:07.200 and undutifulness

00:18:09.820 orderliness

00:18:10.760 industriousness

00:18:11.740 and then finally

00:18:13.260 the fifth dimension

00:18:14.960 which is openness

00:18:16.040 which is like a hybrid

00:18:17.240 between intellect

00:18:18.380 intelligence roughly

00:18:19.840 and creativity

00:18:20.840 and so you can go there

00:18:22.200 and find out how you

00:18:23.060 compare to other people

00:18:23.940 and that's kind of

00:18:24.780 interesting

00:18:25.240 and useful

00:18:26.040 because it's kind of

00:18:27.140 useful to know

00:18:27.700 who you are

00:18:28.340 to know that that's

00:18:30.480 actually who you are

00:18:32.000 you know

00:18:32.320 that you have a nature

00:18:33.680 and some of that

00:18:34.980 stuff's movable

00:18:35.760 but it's not as movable

00:18:36.880 as you think

00:18:37.540 and the farther

00:18:38.580 you want to move it

00:18:39.560 the harder it is to move

00:18:40.760 like you can take

00:18:41.620 an introvert

00:18:42.260 you know you're an introvert

00:18:43.980 if when you're around

00:18:45.300 people

00:18:45.700 you get exhausted by it

00:18:47.420 and you have to go

00:18:48.060 off by yourself

00:18:49.100 and recover

00:18:49.660 you know

00:18:50.080 then you're an introvert

00:18:51.120 and if you're an introvert

00:18:52.740 you don't really like

00:18:53.520 being in groups

00:18:54.260 and so sales

00:18:55.200 you know

00:18:55.700 maybe that's not for you

00:18:57.340 you know

00:18:57.720 and that's a good thing

00:18:59.560 to know

00:18:59.860 because if you're an introvert

00:19:01.840 why go be a salesperson

00:19:03.560 and be miserable

00:19:04.260 do something

00:19:05.580 where you can spend time alone

00:19:07.560 and not be miserable

00:19:08.420 that's better

00:19:09.500 you might as well

00:19:10.240 match your occupation

00:19:11.940 to your temperament

00:19:12.800 rather than the other way around

00:19:14.320 now you know

00:19:14.960 you can take an introvert

00:19:16.100 I've worked with lots of introverts

00:19:18.980 who say

00:19:20.000 had made

00:19:21.080 pretty good progress

00:19:22.620 in their careers

00:19:23.360 and they were at a point

00:19:24.300 where they had to do

00:19:24.940 a lot of social networking

00:19:26.000 you know

00:19:26.800 and otherwise

00:19:27.440 they were going to hit a plateau

00:19:28.700 in their career

00:19:29.420 and they could be taught

00:19:31.720 the skills of extroversion

00:19:33.820 sort of one at a time

00:19:35.600 rather painfully

00:19:37.300 so they could learn them

00:19:38.580 they could accrue the skills

00:19:39.760 and that would broaden

00:19:41.140 their personality outward

00:19:42.240 into the say

00:19:43.160 extroverted end

00:19:43.980 of the continuum

00:19:45.500 but it didn't make them extroverts

00:19:47.920 and so they were still

00:19:49.380 temperamentally introverts

00:19:50.560 and so

00:19:51.160 you know

00:19:51.680 if you're a neurotic person

00:19:52.820 high in negative emotion

00:19:53.780 you can learn to regulate

00:19:55.140 your anxiety

00:19:55.820 and so forth

00:19:56.520 and

00:19:56.660 but

00:19:58.660 you hit a point

00:20:00.340 of diminishing returns

00:20:01.380 and

00:20:02.360 it's difficult

00:20:03.900 it's effortful

00:20:04.820 so

00:20:05.940 anyways

00:20:06.880 back to

00:20:07.680 Isaac

00:20:08.240 and then back to

00:20:09.400 Jeffrey Gray

00:20:10.240 so Isaac identified

00:20:11.740 extroversion

00:20:12.400 and introversion

00:20:13.060 or extroversion

00:20:13.980 and neuroticism

00:20:14.800 and that's going to be

00:20:15.380 very important in a minute

00:20:16.300 and Gray

00:20:17.340 elaborated Isaac's theories

00:20:21.220 to a large degree

00:20:22.160 but he did that

00:20:23.160 neurologically

00:20:24.300 he was a

00:20:25.160 he was a master

00:20:26.360 of the animal

00:20:27.540 experimental literature

00:20:28.900 and a lot of that's being

00:20:30.380 phased out of universities

00:20:31.520 because the

00:20:32.220 regulations for

00:20:33.640 animal

00:20:34.180 experimentation

00:20:35.800 have become so

00:20:36.720 onerous

00:20:37.240 and difficult

00:20:38.180 that it's

00:20:39.220 much easier

00:20:40.060 for beginning

00:20:41.040 scientists

00:20:42.160 just not

00:20:43.360 to bother

00:20:44.080 and that's a real

00:20:45.400 catastrophe

00:20:45.920 because we have

00:20:47.040 learned a lot

00:20:47.820 about the brain

00:20:48.560 in the last

00:20:49.440 50 years

00:20:50.260 a lot

00:20:50.980 and we've learned

00:20:52.080 very little

00:20:53.260 about the brain

00:20:54.180 from PET scans

00:20:55.380 and MRI scans

00:20:56.460 and like that

00:20:57.220 complicated technology

00:20:58.320 that's used to study

00:20:59.260 human beings

00:20:59.880 and an unbelievable

00:21:01.300 amount

00:21:01.920 by studying

00:21:03.520 animals

00:21:04.460 and you might think

00:21:05.560 rats

00:21:06.040 in particular

00:21:06.780 and you might think

00:21:07.660 well you know

00:21:08.300 rats

00:21:09.220 they're not much

00:21:11.000 like human beings

00:21:11.940 you know

00:21:12.840 but that's wrong

00:21:14.240 you share

00:21:16.600 I don't know

00:21:17.240 what it is

00:21:17.720 98.5%

00:21:19.520 of your genetic

00:21:20.280 structure

00:21:20.740 with rats

00:21:21.420 some of you

00:21:22.120 probably more

00:21:22.920 than that

00:21:23.460 and

00:21:26.440 you know

00:21:27.520 we haven't

00:21:28.960 devolved

00:21:30.000 from the common

00:21:30.840 ancestor

00:21:31.460 with rats

00:21:32.160 from an evolutionary

00:21:32.900 perspective

00:21:33.460 that long ago

00:21:34.360 I mean

00:21:34.680 like it's millions

00:21:35.620 of years ago

00:21:36.500 you know

00:21:36.840 but it's short

00:21:38.440 compared to how

00:21:39.120 long ago

00:21:40.080 we devolved

00:21:40.860 let's say

00:21:41.520 from

00:21:41.780 or we

00:21:42.140 yeah

00:21:43.040 devolved

00:21:43.520 I think that's

00:21:44.060 good enough

00:21:44.680 from amphibians

00:21:45.900 and so

00:21:46.620 we're a lot

00:21:47.140 like rats

00:21:47.840 man

00:21:48.140 and we have

00:21:48.600 the same

00:21:48.900 skeletal structure

00:21:49.760 and our brains

00:21:50.400 are quite similar

00:21:51.120 and the neurochemistry

00:21:51.920 is very

00:21:52.900 very

00:21:53.320 very similar

00:21:54.320 I mean

00:21:55.020 the neurochemistry

00:21:55.940 is similar

00:21:56.480 right down

00:21:56.960 to the level

00:21:57.440 of crustaceans

00:21:58.420 which is why

00:21:59.020 I wrote about

00:21:59.540 lobsters

00:22:00.040 in rule one

00:22:01.200 because I thought

00:22:02.680 it was so bloody

00:22:03.380 amazing

00:22:03.920 when I came across

00:22:04.740 that literature

00:22:05.300 to see that

00:22:06.060 when lobsters

00:22:08.320 are defeated

00:22:08.920 in a social contest

00:22:10.400 and they lose

00:22:11.700 their hierarchical

00:22:12.620 position

00:22:13.100 that they undergo

00:22:14.320 neurochemical changes

00:22:16.380 that are analogous

00:22:17.480 to the neurochemical

00:22:18.400 changes that human

00:22:19.400 beings undergo

00:22:20.240 that's so amazing

00:22:21.460 and that the same

00:22:22.880 damn drugs

00:22:23.800 that help us

00:22:24.720 antidepressants

00:22:25.720 essentially

00:22:26.240 also cheer up

00:22:28.240 defeated lobsters

00:22:29.380 I mean

00:22:29.700 it's such a

00:22:30.560 it's a staggering

00:22:31.920 demonstration

00:22:32.740 of the continuity

00:22:34.420 of biology

00:22:35.760 across

00:22:36.360 you know

00:22:37.280 span

00:22:37.920 unbelievable

00:22:38.980 spans of time

00:22:40.240 you know

00:22:40.820 critics have

00:22:41.480 complained

00:22:42.260 that I cherry

00:22:42.940 picked the data

00:22:43.680 but they don't

00:22:44.080 know what the

00:22:44.620 hell they're

00:22:45.040 talking about

00:22:45.640 so they don't

00:22:46.840 they don't

00:22:47.260 I studied the

00:22:47.900 serotonin system

00:22:48.660 for a very

00:22:49.200 very long time

00:22:50.060 and I know

00:22:50.880 perfectly well

00:22:51.720 that one of the

00:22:52.280 things that it

00:22:52.800 does

00:22:53.100 is monitor

00:22:54.980 your position

00:22:56.920 in a social

00:22:58.460 hierarchy

00:22:59.080 and it's more

00:23:01.500 important than

00:23:02.000 that because

00:23:02.540 the serotonin

00:23:03.440 system is a

00:23:04.760 it's a master

00:23:05.520 control

00:23:06.240 neurochemical

00:23:06.960 system

00:23:07.480 it's like the

00:23:08.220 conductor of an

00:23:08.840 orchestra

00:23:09.220 everything in your

00:23:10.400 brain depends on

00:23:11.240 the serotonin

00:23:11.840 system

00:23:12.160 which is why

00:23:12.940 you think about

00:23:13.700 it like an

00:23:14.540 antidepressant

00:23:15.920 decreases the

00:23:17.960 rate at which

00:23:18.660 neurons will

00:23:19.420 reuptake serotonin

00:23:21.000 you need serotonin

00:23:22.080 to modulate the

00:23:22.860 way your neurons

00:23:23.400 work

00:23:23.740 you take an

00:23:24.360 antidepressant

00:23:25.060 and the serotonin

00:23:25.880 works a little

00:23:26.880 longer

00:23:27.460 okay so what's

00:23:28.760 the consequence

00:23:29.300 of that

00:23:29.840 well let's say

00:23:30.660 you're depressed

00:23:31.340 okay we got to

00:23:32.460 think about being

00:23:33.220 depressed for a

00:23:33.960 minute so when

00:23:35.080 when you're

00:23:35.460 depressed this is

00:23:36.160 what happens

00:23:36.760 all you remember

00:23:39.560 about the past

00:23:40.340 is what's negative

00:23:41.160 so everything

00:23:42.280 about the past

00:23:42.920 is negative

00:23:43.380 all you can see

00:23:45.020 in the present

00:23:45.760 is what's negative

00:23:46.960 everything about

00:23:48.800 the present is

00:23:49.460 negative

00:23:49.780 and nothing about

00:23:51.240 the future is

00:23:51.820 positive at all

00:23:52.660 and so so that's

00:23:54.160 interesting eh

00:23:54.860 because it means

00:23:55.560 that something has

00:23:56.400 shifted inside you

00:23:58.100 let's say

00:23:58.880 neurophysiologically

00:23:59.900 that changes the

00:24:01.300 way you view

00:24:02.000 everything

00:24:03.740 everything

00:24:05.300 your entire past

00:24:06.860 the present

00:24:07.660 and the entire

00:24:08.420 future

00:24:08.860 and what it

00:24:10.080 essentially does

00:24:10.820 is exaggerate

00:24:11.860 negative emotion

00:24:12.660 to a tremendous

00:24:13.340 degree

00:24:13.800 that's depression

00:24:14.580 and suppress

00:24:15.960 positive emotion

00:24:17.000 now there can be

00:24:18.060 variance in that

00:24:18.840 sometimes you see

00:24:19.880 depressed people

00:24:20.600 and they come

00:24:21.440 you can think about

00:24:22.560 your own mood in

00:24:23.160 this way

00:24:23.500 you know

00:24:23.760 you might say

00:24:24.720 well I'm not that

00:24:25.400 sad but I've just

00:24:26.080 sort of lost my

00:24:26.860 interest in everything

00:24:27.840 okay so that means

00:24:29.700 that what's happened

00:24:30.340 is your positive

00:24:31.220 emotion system

00:24:31.980 has been suppressed

00:24:32.780 because the positive

00:24:34.280 emotion system

00:24:35.020 is what gives you

00:24:35.980 that interest in

00:24:37.620 things that pulls

00:24:38.600 you forward to

00:24:39.700 action okay

00:24:40.920 and the negative

00:24:41.860 emotion system

00:24:42.700 that's anxiety

00:24:44.720 that's a huge part

00:24:45.700 of it

00:24:45.940 frustration

00:24:46.680 disappointment

00:24:47.540 grief

00:24:48.160 pain

00:24:48.920 that kind of

00:24:49.740 covers it

00:24:50.220 anger as well

00:24:51.240 though anger is

00:24:52.000 a bit complicated

00:24:52.700 because it's half

00:24:53.600 a positive emotion

00:24:54.500 and half a negative

00:24:55.240 emotion

00:24:55.620 which is why

00:24:56.360 it feels so good

00:24:57.060 to get angry

00:24:57.680 by the way

00:24:58.440 and why it also

00:24:59.920 impels you to

00:25:00.660 action

00:25:01.100 whereas most

00:25:01.740 negative emotions

00:25:02.500 stop you

00:25:03.300 you know

00:25:03.960 so

00:25:04.280 so in any case

00:25:06.540 if your serotonin

00:25:08.780 system

00:25:09.200 if your serotonin

00:25:10.180 function

00:25:10.580 declines

00:25:11.740 then all of a sudden

00:25:12.900 everything is

00:25:14.000 negative

00:25:14.460 you think

00:25:15.460 well isn't that

00:25:16.160 interesting

00:25:16.640 how the hell

00:25:17.340 can it be

00:25:17.900 that something

00:25:18.780 can change

00:25:19.360 within you

00:25:19.920 that changes

00:25:20.920 everything

00:25:21.700 and the answer

00:25:22.920 has to be

00:25:23.600 well it must be

00:25:24.620 a fundamental system

00:25:25.660 that's been changed

00:25:26.640 right

00:25:26.900 because if it changes

00:25:28.460 everything

00:25:29.000 it has to be a system

00:25:30.480 on which all other

00:25:31.700 systems depend

00:25:32.960 and that is the case

00:25:34.620 with the serotonin system

00:25:35.820 and that's really worth

00:25:36.900 knowing

00:25:37.300 especially when you also

00:25:38.360 know that the serotonin system

00:25:40.160 counts where you are

00:25:41.800 in the social hierarchy

00:25:43.080 and so there's this weird

00:25:44.600 kind of one-to-one

00:25:45.500 correspondence

00:25:46.160 imagine a social hierarchy

00:25:47.780 has ten levels

00:25:49.060 I don't care what

00:25:50.320 hierarchy you're in

00:25:51.440 most people's hierarchies

00:25:53.340 are actually quite small

00:25:54.340 they sort of consist

00:25:55.260 of the people

00:25:56.000 that they compare

00:25:56.920 themselves to

00:25:57.860 you know

00:25:58.660 which is a strange

00:25:59.620 thing too

00:26:00.080 because one of the

00:26:00.780 things that you see

00:26:01.400 happening with really

00:26:02.180 successful people

00:26:03.040 is they actually

00:26:04.020 don't get a lot

00:26:05.020 more

00:26:06.000 a lot happier

00:26:08.860 and a lot less

00:26:09.720 unhappy

00:26:10.280 as they climb

00:26:11.380 the

00:26:11.760 broad social ladder

00:26:14.160 because the people

00:26:15.700 they compare

00:26:16.500 themselves

00:26:17.080 to change

00:26:18.280 and so I can tell

00:26:19.580 you a funny story

00:26:20.240 about this

00:26:20.760 so I know this guy

00:26:21.980 I worked with him

00:26:22.900 for a long time

00:26:23.860 his name is

00:26:24.340 Dale Resi

00:26:25.120 and he's a hell of a guy

00:26:26.460 he's like six foot seven

00:26:27.600 and he's like really

00:26:28.460 charismatic

00:26:28.960 and he's been pretty

00:26:30.460 successful

00:26:31.020 he built this company

00:26:31.940 in San Francisco

00:26:33.140 called Founder Institute

00:26:34.400 and it's only one of

00:26:35.660 many things he's done

00:26:36.820 and

00:26:37.540 it's operating

00:26:39.260 in 165 cities

00:26:41.580 it's a school

00:26:42.460 to teach people

00:26:43.260 how to be entrepreneurs

00:26:44.080 he's trying to export

00:26:45.320 Silicon Valley

00:26:46.100 what would you call it

00:26:48.120 know-how

00:26:48.620 technological

00:26:49.660 and financial

00:26:51.000 to the rest of the world

00:26:52.680 and in like five years

00:26:54.260 he built 165

00:26:55.720 schools

00:26:56.780 not physical schools

00:26:58.740 but school-like

00:26:59.540 organizations

00:27:00.300 around the world

00:27:01.440 and like

00:27:01.880 go try that

00:27:03.100 like that's really hard

00:27:04.820 you know

00:27:05.320 just to build one

00:27:06.280 is hard

00:27:06.740 but to do that

00:27:07.380 in multiple languages

00:27:08.860 all over the world

00:27:09.840 it's bloody well impossible

00:27:10.980 and then

00:27:11.440 at the same time

00:27:12.620 he built

00:27:13.680 his organization

00:27:15.000 started

00:27:16.160 2,500

00:27:17.300 successful companies

00:27:18.720 as a consequence

00:27:19.560 of

00:27:20.020 building this school

00:27:21.560 it's pretty good

00:27:22.640 you know

00:27:23.280 and

00:27:23.440 he was having

00:27:24.720 a rough time

00:27:25.500 and was talking

00:27:26.360 to me on the phone

00:27:26.960 about

00:27:28.200 you know

00:27:29.260 he wasn't so happy

00:27:30.180 about what he'd done

00:27:30.880 with his life

00:27:31.500 and he said

00:27:31.880 geez

00:27:32.020 I compare myself

00:27:33.060 with my roommate

00:27:34.040 and you know

00:27:34.900 I've hardly done anything

00:27:35.940 and

00:27:36.620 his roommate

00:27:39.320 was Elon Musk

00:27:40.400 it's like

00:27:42.720 I just laughed at him

00:27:43.920 I thought

00:27:44.320 geez

00:27:45.140 really

00:27:45.960 that's what

00:27:46.420 you're gonna

00:27:46.700 you haven't done

00:27:48.240 anything compared

00:27:49.040 to Elon Musk

00:27:50.020 and you're depressed

00:27:51.280 about it

00:27:51.920 it's like

00:27:52.320 yeah well

00:27:52.740 you and the rest

00:27:53.420 of the planet

00:27:54.060 I mean look

00:27:54.680 what did Musk

00:27:55.680 what did he do

00:27:56.780 he invented

00:27:57.720 an electric car

00:27:58.680 that's impossible

00:28:00.000 then he made it work

00:28:01.340 that's impossible

00:28:02.320 and then he built

00:28:03.240 an entire infrastructure

00:28:04.260 to charge it

00:28:05.600 and

00:28:06.180 and that worked

00:28:07.520 and that's impossible

00:28:08.720 and then

00:28:09.600 and then

00:28:10.600 they're good cars

00:28:11.500 and

00:28:11.800 and then he made them

00:28:12.560 faster than any cars

00:28:13.840 have ever been

00:28:14.620 and cheap

00:28:15.500 and so that's impossible

00:28:16.600 and then that wasn't

00:28:17.600 good enough

00:28:18.060 so then

00:28:18.500 he decided that he would

00:28:19.800 compete with NASA

00:28:20.800 which is impossible

00:28:22.260 and build

00:28:23.280 rockets at

00:28:24.580 one-tenth

00:28:25.440 the price

00:28:26.040 they were building them

00:28:26.980 except bigger

00:28:27.800 and then

00:28:28.480 then he would

00:28:28.940 shoot his car

00:28:30.080 on his rocket

00:28:31.100 out into space

00:28:32.440 right

00:28:33.260 and he did all that

00:28:34.760 and it's like

00:28:35.860 Adeo was thinking

00:28:36.740 well I've hardly done

00:28:37.660 anything with my life

00:28:38.700 it's like

00:28:39.280 so but my point is

00:28:41.320 is that

00:28:41.700 you know

00:28:42.140 primates of our type

00:28:45.340 sort of have

00:28:46.580 a group size

00:28:48.160 that we think about

00:28:49.120 as our group

00:28:49.880 of about 200 people

00:28:51.260 so like

00:28:51.760 on Facebook

00:28:52.660 for example

00:28:53.300 the probability

00:28:54.200 that you're in

00:28:55.240 something approximating

00:28:57.260 reasonable

00:28:58.440 constant communication

00:29:00.240 with more than 200 people

00:29:01.800 is low

00:29:02.720 you just don't have the time

00:29:04.280 and you can't keep track of it

00:29:05.700 so

00:29:05.880 so our natural group

00:29:07.620 is something like 200

00:29:08.760 and our groups tend to fragment

00:29:10.340 when they get bigger than that

00:29:11.640 and so

00:29:12.260 and that's also associated

00:29:13.480 by the way

00:29:14.280 with cortical size

00:29:15.260 you see this in primates

00:29:16.480 is that

00:29:16.860 as primates

00:29:18.020 get

00:29:18.660 develop larger brains

00:29:20.800 the group size

00:29:22.560 that they seem to be able

00:29:23.500 to manage

00:29:23.960 also increases

00:29:25.040 and that might be part

00:29:26.200 of the reason

00:29:26.580 why they develop

00:29:27.680 larger brains

00:29:28.500 who knows

00:29:29.180 but

00:29:29.780 anyways

00:29:30.900 it's about 200 people

00:29:32.100 and the problem is

00:29:33.020 is that as you get

00:29:33.840 more successful

00:29:34.840 say

00:29:35.400 in the

00:29:36.640 global hierarchy

00:29:38.640 of

00:29:39.040 100 million people

00:29:41.280 the 200 people

00:29:42.820 that you compare yourself

00:29:44.180 changes

00:29:45.120 and so

00:29:45.820 that you end up

00:29:46.540 with 100 million dollars

00:29:47.720 and you're not very happy

00:29:49.020 because your 50 million dollar yacht

00:29:50.860 is like 20 feet shorter

00:29:52.140 than

00:29:52.440 your friends

00:29:53.400 you know

00:29:53.900 150 million dollar yacht

00:29:56.800 and so

00:29:57.540 and you're high in neuroticism

00:29:59.420 so

00:29:59.640 that makes you frustrated

00:30:00.920 and disappointed

00:30:01.660 you know

00:30:02.180 so

00:30:02.760 anyways

00:30:04.220 anyways

00:30:04.900 it's important

00:30:05.640 it's important to understand

00:30:06.880 it's the message here

00:30:08.580 the point of this

00:30:09.340 is that

00:30:09.760 you have a system

00:30:11.200 the serotonin system

00:30:12.400 base of your

00:30:13.840 neurophysiology

00:30:15.220 it also sets your brain up

00:30:17.500 during embryonic development

00:30:18.760 so it really is

00:30:20.260 it really is

00:30:21.120 the master control system

00:30:22.500 in many many ways

00:30:23.600 and

00:30:24.380 it counts

00:30:26.660 where you are

00:30:27.300 in your hierarchy

00:30:28.180 and then

00:30:29.540 it decides

00:30:30.760 how much positive emotion

00:30:32.500 and how much negative emotion

00:30:33.740 you should feel

00:30:34.700 on average

00:30:35.960 because of your position

00:30:38.000 and so like

00:30:39.400 if you're

00:30:39.900 let's say number one

00:30:41.180 is at the top

00:30:41.820 and number ten

00:30:42.360 is at the bottom

00:30:42.980 so you're number ten

00:30:44.140 you're barely clinging

00:30:45.220 to the bottom of reality

00:30:46.400 your brain says

00:30:47.560 look it's dangerous

00:30:48.400 where you are

00:30:49.000 at the bottom of the hierarchy

00:30:50.180 you don't have a lot of friends

00:30:51.420 it's

00:30:52.240 it's precarious

00:30:53.700 down there

00:30:54.340 and so that means

00:30:55.440 any little thing

00:30:56.240 that goes wrong

00:30:57.140 any little error you make

00:30:59.000 that might be the end of you

00:31:00.740 and so

00:31:01.120 you better be

00:31:01.980 on guard

00:31:02.940 and alert

00:31:03.740 and if something small happens

00:31:05.320 it better hurt

00:31:06.780 because

00:31:07.220 it might be the straw

00:31:09.280 that breaks the camel's back

00:31:10.920 and there's nothing pleasant

00:31:12.880 about that

00:31:13.500 like

00:31:13.780 of course

00:31:15.520 why would there be

00:31:16.140 why would there be

00:31:16.700 anything pleasant

00:31:17.520 about

00:31:18.040 a process

00:31:20.460 that magnifies

00:31:22.080 everything negative

00:31:23.380 you feel

00:31:24.260 about anything

00:31:25.420 that might be wrong

00:31:26.560 and not just on

00:31:27.600 not just on one small dimension

00:31:29.300 of negative emotion

00:31:30.240 not just anxiety

00:31:31.320 which is bad enough

00:31:32.420 but anxiety

00:31:34.000 and the pain

00:31:34.840 related emotions

00:31:35.820 so

00:31:36.140 pain related emotions

00:31:37.640 are pain

00:31:38.580 obviously

00:31:39.200 it generally indicates

00:31:41.280 damage to a

00:31:42.100 psychophysiological system

00:31:43.420 but grief

00:31:44.280 is a pain like emotion

00:31:45.760 and frustration

00:31:46.640 is a pain like emotion

00:31:48.140 and so is disappointment

00:31:49.680 and loneliness as well

00:31:51.160 those are all

00:31:51.780 pain like emotions

00:31:52.980 and have

00:31:53.740 elaborated out of

00:31:55.080 an underlying pain system

00:31:56.560 and the

00:31:57.280 so the negative emotion system

00:31:58.780 is like a tree

00:31:59.660 that has branches

00:32:00.920 and each of the branches

00:32:02.200 is the separate

00:32:03.820 negative emotion

00:32:04.740 you know

00:32:05.060 but they're all tied together

00:32:06.140 at the root

00:32:06.680 and positive emotions

00:32:07.780 are like that as well

00:32:08.580 except they're not quite

00:32:09.420 as differentiated

00:32:10.280 and so

00:32:10.900 if your serotonin levels

00:32:12.360 fall

00:32:12.820 because you've suffered

00:32:14.080 a hierarchical defeat

00:32:15.480 then

00:32:16.240 the positive emotion system

00:32:18.260 gets flattened

00:32:19.160 so that

00:32:19.540 good things

00:32:20.460 no longer feel good

00:32:21.880 because it's dangerous

00:32:22.820 to take risks

00:32:23.820 perhaps

00:32:24.220 if you're at the bottom

00:32:25.180 of the hierarchy

00:32:25.940 and you're not doing

00:32:27.020 very well

00:32:27.540 which is why you're at the bottom

00:32:28.800 why should you have

00:32:29.780 any trust in yourself

00:32:30.780 and you don't have any friends

00:32:32.160 and you're not well situated

00:32:33.700 in the social world

00:32:35.200 you're not going to be

00:32:36.180 enthusiastically

00:32:37.440 moving forward

00:32:38.560 to do new things

00:32:39.600 and so your motivation

00:32:40.720 for

00:32:41.100 for

00:32:42.380 for engaging in life

00:32:43.800 declines

00:32:44.400 and it can decline

00:32:45.560 pretty much to zero

00:32:46.620 you know

00:32:47.000 if you

00:32:47.240 if you see people

00:32:48.200 who are seriously depressed

00:32:49.260 they say

00:32:49.900 well I can't even listen

00:32:51.260 to music anymore

00:32:52.140 it just sounds flat

00:32:53.600 and dead

00:32:54.260 you know

00:32:54.880 and you know

00:32:55.640 if you talk to someone

00:32:56.700 who says that about music

00:32:57.940 they're pretty damn depressed

00:32:59.920 because music

00:33:01.040 is one of those things

00:33:02.020 that virtually everybody

00:33:03.460 always enjoys

00:33:04.620 you know

00:33:04.940 at least one genre

00:33:06.380 or another

00:33:07.180 and you know

00:33:08.680 a depressed person

00:33:09.760 will describe even

00:33:10.620 that the sensory quality

00:33:11.920 has changed

00:33:12.660 and so

00:33:13.460 and then they also say

00:33:14.420 they're absolutely overwhelmed

00:33:15.680 with negative emotion

00:33:16.680 and so

00:33:17.540 okay

00:33:18.720 so that's a good thing

00:33:19.780 so that's

00:33:20.200 that's a good

00:33:20.700 very interesting thing

00:33:21.700 to know

00:33:22.080 is that

00:33:22.460 your

00:33:23.200 the manner

00:33:25.700 in which

00:33:26.420 one of your

00:33:27.780 fundamental

00:33:28.420 neurochemical systems

00:33:29.680 is tracking

00:33:31.000 your position

00:33:32.880 in a hierarchy

00:33:33.840 is crucial

00:33:35.320 to the maintenance

00:33:36.800 of your

00:33:37.640 emotional stability

00:33:39.180 okay

00:33:40.780 so

00:33:41.060 so

00:33:41.400 so

00:33:41.720 so

00:33:42.280 now

00:33:43.000 you want to keep

00:33:43.560 you want to keep that in mind

00:33:44.600 because that's the first

00:33:45.320 important point

00:33:46.040 okay

00:33:46.300 so now

00:33:46.720 now

00:33:47.420 the next thing

00:33:48.660 I'm going to do

00:33:49.120 is explain to you

00:33:50.180 how it is

00:33:51.520 that

00:33:52.180 the way you look at the world

00:33:53.860 is related to the emotions

00:33:55.500 that I just described

00:33:56.560 and then I'm going to talk

00:33:57.900 about how that

00:33:58.820 in itself

00:33:59.760 is related to

00:34:00.680 the idea of hierarchy

00:34:03.040 and

00:34:03.820 and

00:34:04.080 and

00:34:04.360 and we're going to

00:34:04.900 we're going to

00:34:05.400 we're going to explore from there

00:34:06.420 so

00:34:07.000 going online without ExpressVPN

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00:34:11.740 to the safety demonstration

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00:34:15.800 but

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00:34:17.140 that weird yellow mask

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00:34:21.400 in our hyper-connected world

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00:34:25.060 it's a fundamental right

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00:36:52.800 when you look at the world

00:36:56.280 you don't

00:36:57.600 you see

00:36:58.160 you think

00:37:00.340 that the world

00:37:01.060 is made of

00:37:01.580 obvious objects

00:37:03.460 and that you look

00:37:04.540 at them

00:37:04.980 and then you think

00:37:06.060 about what they are

00:37:07.040 and then you think

00:37:07.960 about how you

00:37:08.480 evaluate them

00:37:09.320 and then you think

00:37:09.900 about how you use them

00:37:10.700 and then you decide

00:37:11.440 to act

00:37:11.980 and that's not

00:37:13.100 the case

00:37:13.820 because the world

00:37:14.820 doesn't come

00:37:15.640 segregated neatly

00:37:17.200 into objects

00:37:18.440 and it took

00:37:19.740 people a long time

00:37:20.860 to figure this out

00:37:21.620 because when you look

00:37:23.020 at the world

00:37:23.540 there it is

00:37:24.620 segregated neatly

00:37:25.900 into objects

00:37:26.740 right

00:37:27.000 it takes no effort

00:37:28.180 at all

00:37:28.520 except takes half

00:37:29.380 your damn brain

00:37:30.160 to do that

00:37:30.900 right

00:37:31.620 and we're very

00:37:32.220 visual creatures

00:37:33.080 we have great

00:37:33.720 visual systems

00:37:34.520 and so

00:37:36.160 a tremendous amount

00:37:37.800 of metabolic energy

00:37:39.760 and evolutionary

00:37:40.900 expenditure

00:37:42.960 of time

00:37:43.920 has gone into

00:37:45.060 providing us

00:37:46.460 with a visual system

00:37:47.480 that just breaks

00:37:48.300 the world up

00:37:49.040 into obvious objects

00:37:50.220 for us

00:37:50.720 and

00:37:51.040 that isn't even right

00:37:53.020 because we don't

00:37:53.660 actually see objects

00:37:54.960 what we see

00:37:55.900 are more like

00:37:56.480 tools and obstacles

00:37:57.700 we just think

00:37:58.640 they're objects

00:37:59.140 like when you come

00:37:59.800 in here

00:38:00.140 I can give you

00:38:00.920 an example of that

00:38:01.680 okay

00:38:02.200 think about a beanbag

00:38:03.780 okay

00:38:04.940 think about a stump

00:38:06.600 and think about

00:38:08.180 a stool

00:38:09.460 you say those

00:38:10.720 are all chairs

00:38:11.600 okay

00:38:12.900 it's like

00:38:13.180 well what do you

00:38:13.820 mean they're all

00:38:14.260 chairs

00:38:14.680 what do they have

00:38:15.720 in common

00:38:16.240 objectively speaking

00:38:18.480 a beanbag

00:38:19.260 doesn't have legs

00:38:20.220 you know

00:38:21.140 a stump

00:38:22.140 is rock hard

00:38:23.620 and solid

00:38:24.300 a stool

00:38:25.280 is something

00:38:27.180 almost completely

00:38:28.160 unlike a beanbag

00:38:29.200 well they're all

00:38:29.900 chairs

00:38:30.500 well why

00:38:31.780 well the answer

00:38:32.880 is

00:38:33.200 you can sit

00:38:34.600 on them

00:38:35.000 and so

00:38:35.900 most of the things

00:38:37.260 that we group

00:38:38.040 together as

00:38:39.100 objects

00:38:39.780 we group together

00:38:40.800 as a consequence

00:38:41.480 of functional utility

00:38:42.700 and not because

00:38:43.680 they share

00:38:44.500 a set of features

00:38:45.960 that are objectively

00:38:47.660 similar

00:38:48.220 and the reason

00:38:49.280 that we perceive

00:38:50.320 in that manner

00:38:51.320 is because

00:38:51.800 we don't really care

00:38:52.760 that much about

00:38:53.380 the objective features

00:38:54.260 of the world

00:38:54.820 because we have to

00:38:56.220 care about being alive

00:38:57.260 and so what we

00:38:57.980 actually care about

00:38:58.720 is what things

00:38:59.900 do

00:39:00.600 and so we tend

00:39:01.980 to see things

00:39:03.280 that do things

00:39:04.180 and group together

00:39:05.300 perceptually things

00:39:06.320 that do things

00:39:07.080 and so

00:39:07.380 you know

00:39:07.900 when you walk

00:39:08.400 into a room

00:39:09.260 like this

00:39:09.820 there are a trillion

00:39:11.040 things you could

00:39:12.040 look at

00:39:12.540 you could look

00:39:13.860 at the color

00:39:14.620 variation in the

00:39:15.540 carpet forever

00:39:16.460 you know

00:39:17.540 if you came in here

00:39:18.640 on a psychedelic

00:39:19.640 you might even

00:39:20.260 do that

00:39:20.980 right

00:39:21.520 well it's interesting

00:39:22.840 because one of the

00:39:23.540 things psychedelics

00:39:24.360 do is

00:39:24.820 they decrease

00:39:27.040 the degree

00:39:27.720 to which

00:39:28.220 you view

00:39:28.800 the world

00:39:29.320 in an iconic

00:39:30.160 manner

00:39:30.680 and then you

00:39:31.560 see the

00:39:32.060 incredible

00:39:32.740 complexity

00:39:33.920 that's underneath

00:39:35.080 everything

00:39:35.640 and it's

00:39:36.080 absolutely

00:39:36.880 fascinating

00:39:37.820 now it's not

00:39:38.820 good because

00:39:39.440 you shouldn't

00:39:40.000 come in here

00:39:40.500 and just look

00:39:40.980 at the carpet

00:39:41.460 for an hour

00:39:42.060 you know

00:39:42.380 it's not

00:39:43.400 that productive

00:39:44.520 unless you're

00:39:45.260 trying to

00:39:45.580 equate yourself

00:39:46.560 re-equate

00:39:49.180 yourself

00:39:49.600 with the

00:39:50.020 fundamental

00:39:50.500 wonder of

00:39:51.240 the world

00:39:51.700 you know

00:39:52.040 and there is

00:39:52.840 some utility

00:39:53.400 in that

00:39:53.780 artists do

00:39:54.540 that

00:39:54.780 but

00:39:54.960 practically

00:39:55.660 speaking

00:39:56.100 it's not

00:39:56.480 that useful

00:39:57.000 what happens

00:39:57.880 when you come

00:39:58.580 in here

00:39:58.980 you know

00:39:59.560 you have a goal

00:40:00.220 in mind

00:40:00.620 you're going

00:40:01.120 to watch

00:40:01.600 what happens

00:40:02.100 on the stage

00:40:02.620 you're going

00:40:02.880 to listen

00:40:03.220 and so you

00:40:04.000 only see

00:40:04.580 what's relevant

00:40:05.260 to that

00:40:05.700 and so what

00:40:06.100 you see

00:40:06.400 are chairs

00:40:06.980 and chairs

00:40:07.780 are things

00:40:08.260 you sit

00:40:08.960 on

00:40:09.300 and so

00:40:09.960 they pop

00:40:10.680 up into

00:40:11.060 your perceptual

00:40:11.740 field

00:40:12.080 just like that

00:40:12.840 and then

00:40:13.160 you know

00:40:14.060 what to do

00:40:14.660 with the chair

00:40:15.300 you sit

00:40:16.120 on it

00:40:16.460 and partly

00:40:17.240 the reason

00:40:17.660 you know

00:40:18.060 what to do

00:40:18.760 with the chair

00:40:19.740 isn't because

00:40:20.300 you look at

00:40:20.760 the chair

00:40:21.140 and you think

00:40:21.540 oh look

00:40:22.080 a chair

00:40:22.540 because you

00:40:23.020 didn't do that

00:40:23.860 when you came

00:40:24.340 in here

00:40:24.660 right

00:40:24.900 there wasn't

00:40:25.460 a single

00:40:25.820 one of you

00:40:26.300 that came

00:40:26.940 in here

00:40:27.260 and looked

00:40:27.680 at the rows

00:40:29.000 here and said

00:40:29.460 oh look

00:40:30.100 chairs

00:40:30.660 right

00:40:31.380 it's self

00:40:32.540 evident

00:40:32.900 that they're

00:40:33.380 there

00:40:33.700 what happens

00:40:35.300 is that

00:40:35.720 you look

00:40:36.300 at the chair

00:40:36.800 and it

00:40:37.100 maps

00:40:37.580 the chair

00:40:38.960 maps itself

00:40:39.840 onto your

00:40:40.340 body

00:40:40.700 like you

00:40:41.640 prepare yourself

00:40:42.780 that the

00:40:43.380 perception

00:40:43.960 prepares you

00:40:45.040 for the

00:40:45.560 action

00:40:45.960 so as soon

00:40:46.840 as you see

00:40:47.280 the chair

00:40:47.780 which has a

00:40:48.460 certain shape

00:40:49.160 so imagine

00:40:49.800 it's a pattern

00:40:50.520 that sustains

00:40:51.200 itself in

00:40:51.820 time

00:40:52.220 right

00:40:52.920 because that's

00:40:53.340 what a chair

00:40:53.820 is

00:40:54.160 it's a pattern

00:40:55.060 that sustains

00:40:55.620 itself across

00:40:56.300 time

00:40:56.680 and that pattern

00:40:57.820 is transformed

00:40:59.080 into a pattern

00:41:00.440 of light

00:41:00.880 and then that's

00:41:01.460 transformed into

00:41:02.240 a pattern

00:41:02.780 on your retina

00:41:03.580 and that's

00:41:04.260 transferred into

00:41:05.120 a pattern

00:41:05.740 on your optical

00:41:06.800 nerve

00:41:07.120 and then that's

00:41:07.720 transferred into

00:41:08.360 patterns all over

00:41:09.400 your brain

00:41:10.000 and some of those

00:41:11.260 patterns are

00:41:12.160 the patterns that

00:41:13.320 allow you to

00:41:13.980 perceive the chair

00:41:15.240 consciously

00:41:15.940 and some of them

00:41:17.260 are patterns that

00:41:18.000 enable your body

00:41:18.960 to prepare to

00:41:20.140 take this position

00:41:21.180 in the chair

00:41:22.140 because part of

00:41:23.200 what your eyes

00:41:23.720 do is map

00:41:24.780 right onto your

00:41:25.600 motor system

00:41:26.480 so that you look

00:41:27.580 and you know

00:41:27.940 what to do

00:41:28.440 and it makes you

00:41:29.400 a lot faster

00:41:30.060 right you look

00:41:30.640 at something

00:41:31.040 you know what

00:41:31.460 you're supposed

00:41:31.760 to do with it

00:41:32.320 your body's

00:41:32.900 prepared to do

00:41:33.460 it and that's

00:41:34.680 kind of also

00:41:35.100 what it means

00:41:35.560 to understand

00:41:36.300 something

00:41:36.780 you know if

00:41:37.420 you look at

00:41:38.020 it and you

00:41:38.700 know what it

00:41:39.640 is you know

00:41:40.620 how to use it

00:41:41.280 it means you

00:41:41.700 can just map

00:41:42.240 the thing right

00:41:42.740 onto your body

00:41:43.400 and so

00:41:44.500 people are

00:41:45.980 people are

00:41:46.420 very very good

00:41:47.040 at that

00:41:47.380 and especially

00:41:48.340 as you develop

00:41:49.620 expertise at

00:41:50.380 something you

00:41:50.760 just get better

00:41:51.420 and better

00:41:51.820 and better

00:41:52.220 at that

00:41:52.560 there are people

00:41:53.440 that have

00:41:53.900 certain forms

00:41:54.600 of brain damage

00:41:55.460 Lermitte syndrome

00:41:57.300 I think it was

00:41:57.960 called

00:41:58.300 if I remember

00:41:59.540 correctly

00:42:00.080 also known as

00:42:01.920 utilization syndrome

00:42:03.120 and these are

00:42:03.560 people who have

00:42:04.220 a degeneration

00:42:05.360 of the prefrontal

00:42:06.360 cortex which is

00:42:07.240 the part of your

00:42:08.080 brain that

00:42:09.080 organizes your

00:42:10.320 behavior I would

00:42:11.140 say at the

00:42:11.660 highest level of

00:42:12.580 abstraction

00:42:13.160 so when you're

00:42:13.940 thinking voluntarily

00:42:14.920 about what you

00:42:15.620 might do

00:42:16.160 and then you

00:42:16.800 go do it

00:42:17.420 it's your

00:42:18.080 prefrontal cortex

00:42:19.380 that's thought

00:42:20.160 that up

00:42:20.780 voluntarily

00:42:21.460 and then organized

00:42:22.660 the rest of your

00:42:23.260 brain to go do it

00:42:24.140 and so it kind of

00:42:25.180 one of the things

00:42:26.580 it does is inhibit

00:42:27.660 all the other

00:42:28.460 things you might do

00:42:29.600 so one of the

00:42:30.580 things that happens

00:42:31.240 to people who have

00:42:32.020 prefrontal damage

00:42:32.900 especially if it's

00:42:34.000 on the right hand

00:42:34.620 side is they get

00:42:35.320 very socially

00:42:36.160 inappropriate

00:42:36.740 because they have

00:42:38.060 all sorts of

00:42:38.660 whims and

00:42:39.340 motivations and

00:42:40.300 emotions that would

00:42:41.480 normally be

00:42:42.220 inhibited by

00:42:43.140 attention to

00:42:44.740 context let's

00:42:45.660 say and the

00:42:46.680 desire for

00:42:47.220 voluntary activity

00:42:48.140 and they lose

00:42:49.560 that part of

00:42:50.000 the brain and

00:42:50.480 so they get

00:42:50.980 disinhibited

00:42:52.440 they can get

00:42:53.720 disinhibited to

00:42:54.700 the point where

00:42:55.300 they have to be

00:42:56.080 institutionalized

00:42:57.200 or jailed because

00:42:58.100 they start acting

00:42:59.040 so inappropriately

00:42:59.980 that they can't

00:43:00.660 be controlled

00:43:01.500 and so anyways

00:43:03.640 Lermitt's syndrome

00:43:04.740 is utilization

00:43:05.520 syndrome and

00:43:06.500 one of the

00:43:07.140 things that

00:43:07.480 happens to people

00:43:08.140 who have

00:43:08.460 utilization

00:43:08.920 syndrome

00:43:09.520 let's say

00:43:10.460 they're in

00:43:10.720 an old folks

00:43:11.240 home

00:43:11.460 maybe it's

00:43:12.140 consequence of

00:43:12.880 a degenerative

00:43:13.580 neurological disease

00:43:14.800 and they're

00:43:15.320 walking down the

00:43:16.000 hallway and

00:43:16.600 there's an

00:43:16.960 open door

00:43:17.820 and they walk

00:43:19.380 through it

00:43:19.800 they can't help

00:43:20.840 it because

00:43:21.540 what do you do

00:43:22.940 with the door

00:43:23.280 that's open

00:43:24.120 you walk through

00:43:25.900 it

00:43:26.120 now you don't

00:43:27.320 if you're doing

00:43:28.540 something else

00:43:29.580 right

00:43:30.480 but if you're

00:43:31.720 not doing

00:43:32.200 something else

00:43:32.920 because you

00:43:33.740 haven't got the

00:43:34.480 part of you

00:43:34.900 that is helping

00:43:35.900 you do something

00:43:36.600 else then the

00:43:37.580 object just tells

00:43:38.840 you what to do

00:43:39.860 you know and

00:43:40.420 you see this with

00:43:41.040 little kids too

00:43:41.760 because whenever

00:43:42.620 you present them

00:43:43.780 with an object

00:43:44.980 you know they

00:43:45.600 grip they grab

00:43:46.540 it right away

00:43:47.060 they often grab

00:43:47.820 it and put it

00:43:48.220 in their mouths

00:43:48.720 and they do that

00:43:49.720 because their

00:43:50.220 mouths are already

00:43:50.960 wired up completely

00:43:52.120 when they're born

00:43:53.260 right from a

00:43:54.300 sensory perspective

00:43:55.180 and from a

00:43:55.720 motor perspective

00:43:56.420 and so kids are

00:43:57.060 always cramming

00:43:57.620 things into their

00:43:58.180 mouth so that

00:43:59.040 they can investigate

00:44:00.060 them with their

00:44:00.720 tongue and map

00:44:01.780 what they are

00:44:02.440 it's important for

00:44:03.600 them to well

00:44:04.540 that's how they

00:44:05.000 learn about the

00:44:05.500 world and so

00:44:06.440 anyways if you

00:44:08.240 have utilization

00:44:08.740 syndrome you

00:44:09.800 can't not

00:44:10.460 utilize things so

00:44:11.380 you can hand

00:44:11.880 someone a bottle

00:44:13.620 or a cup of

00:44:14.480 water who has

00:44:15.520 utilization syndrome

00:44:16.460 and they're not

00:44:16.940 thirsty and they'll

00:44:17.560 drink it because

00:44:18.260 it's a cup of

00:44:20.360 water and what

00:44:21.220 is that it's not

00:44:22.140 an object it's a

00:44:23.960 thing to grip

00:44:25.060 and drink you

00:44:26.780 you know and

00:44:27.060 it's it's how

00:44:27.800 else can you

00:44:28.320 look at this

00:44:28.960 this isn't a

00:44:30.220 cliff it's a

00:44:30.940 falling off place

00:44:32.240 right and if

00:44:33.640 you're if you're

00:44:34.180 one of those

00:44:34.620 strange creatures

00:44:35.440 who just think

00:44:36.320 it's a cliff

00:44:37.040 and and and

00:44:38.500 you know you're

00:44:39.180 I don't know

00:44:40.380 what you're

00:44:41.020 abstracted in

00:44:42.200 thought and you

00:44:42.800 walk off it

00:44:43.420 then you're dead

00:44:44.280 it's a lot better

00:44:45.340 to perceive it as

00:44:46.820 a falling off

00:44:47.620 place which is

00:44:48.320 what you do

00:44:48.740 because you know

00:44:49.300 you you know

00:44:49.920 what it's like

00:44:50.420 you go somewhere

00:44:51.300 that's steep and

00:44:52.120 you kind of play

00:44:52.920 with the edge a

00:44:53.680 little bit and

00:44:54.160 you can feel the

00:44:55.300 falling off place

00:44:56.880 map itself on

00:44:58.040 your whole body

00:44:58.800 it's it's kind

00:44:59.740 of a strange I

00:45:02.660 suppose an

00:45:04.080 interesting experiment

00:45:05.160 to play with that

00:45:06.080 you you know you

00:45:07.300 might be back here

00:45:08.080 and you think

00:45:08.460 yeah that's not

00:45:09.100 too bad I wonder

00:45:10.100 if I can get a

00:45:10.780 little closer you

00:45:11.940 know and and

00:45:12.940 maybe you can and

00:45:13.760 maybe you can get

00:45:14.500 well maybe you can

00:45:15.020 get too close and

00:45:15.880 then you're an

00:45:17.080 evolutionary mistake

00:45:18.080 so but but you

00:45:20.640 know you get you

00:45:21.340 get close enough

00:45:23.680 maybe you peer over

00:45:24.940 and think yeah

00:45:25.580 that's enough and

00:45:26.820 you can feel the

00:45:27.720 falling off place

00:45:28.640 map itself onto

00:45:29.560 your body and

00:45:30.240 that's how you

00:45:32.040 perceive with your

00:45:33.000 emotions and your

00:45:34.060 motivations and your

00:45:35.420 action systems way

00:45:37.420 more than you think

00:45:38.420 so you don't it

00:45:40.100 isn't object picture

00:45:41.360 on your eye picture

00:45:42.360 in your brain thought

00:45:43.560 emotion and then

00:45:45.720 action that that's

00:45:46.720 not how it works

00:45:47.420 you're you're

00:45:48.420 representing the

00:45:49.040 world at multiple

00:45:50.220 levels in your

00:45:51.400 nervous system at

00:45:52.700 the same time and

00:45:53.860 and and you need

00:45:55.280 to and one of those

00:45:56.040 levels is emotional

00:45:56.860 so okay so here

00:45:58.220 here goes for the

00:45:59.100 emotional part now

00:45:59.940 look and this is

00:46:02.640 this is just as

00:46:04.080 important as the

00:46:05.260 serotonin idea I

00:46:07.060 would say which

00:46:08.080 means it's really

00:46:08.680 important because the

00:46:09.700 serotonin idea is

00:46:10.700 really important to

00:46:11.660 know that your

00:46:12.920 position in the social

00:46:14.400 hierarchy determines

00:46:15.680 the balance between

00:46:16.740 your positive

00:46:17.320 and negative emotion

00:46:18.520 that's like a crucial

00:46:19.840 insight into human

00:46:21.320 behavior and and that

00:46:22.480 we have a positive

00:46:23.260 emotion system and that

00:46:24.540 we have a negative

00:46:25.200 emotion system and that

00:46:26.360 they're separate those

00:46:27.460 are unbelievably

00:46:28.420 important important

00:46:31.320 discoveries all all made

00:46:32.820 by the way virtually all

00:46:33.960 made by animal

00:46:34.760 experimentalists just so

00:46:36.360 you know because they

00:46:37.560 deserve some credit so

00:46:39.800 now the the issue is how

00:46:43.280 is your perception related

00:46:44.740 to your emotion and so it

00:46:47.340 it looks like it and and

00:46:48.740 this is much much of this

00:46:50.680 I learned from Jeffrey

00:46:51.520 Gray now Gray was a

00:46:52.960 student of Isaac but he's

00:46:54.380 also a student of someone

00:46:55.420 named Norbert Weiner who

00:46:57.220 was a cyberneticist at MIT

00:47:00.820 he established the field of

00:47:02.800 cybernetics and he was one

00:47:03.860 of the first people who he

00:47:05.040 was one of the founders of

00:47:06.220 of of computational science he

00:47:08.740 was a big deal nor nor nor

00:47:09.940 Norbert Weiner and his his

00:47:12.140 his his work had tremendous

00:47:14.240 impact on all sorts of fields

00:47:15.920 and he was trying to figure

00:47:17.160 out uh how to generate

00:47:18.880 autonomous self-correcting

00:47:20.460 systems so let's say

00:47:21.920 intelligent systems and us

00:47:24.540 among them because we're

00:47:25.860 autonomous self-correcting

00:47:28.100 systems and so uh Gray knew

00:47:30.620 about uh Norbert Weiner's

00:47:32.420 work and he integrated that

00:47:34.360 with Isaac's work and then

00:47:35.680 with all this psychobiology and

00:47:37.100 he came up with a lovely set of

00:47:38.760 ideas that are extraordinarily

00:47:40.800 useful and so um here's one

00:47:43.920 of them um we live inside we

00:47:47.180 perceive this is part of

00:47:49.020 perceiving the world as a

00:47:50.000 story we perceive the world

00:47:51.700 as a place to go from one

00:47:55.000 location to another so you can

00:47:58.200 imagine that we're on a

00:47:59.220 journey that's our life is a

00:48:00.860 journey and it might be a 10

00:48:02.700 minute journey it might be a

00:48:04.880 15 minute journey it might be

00:48:06.400 the journey of a week it might

00:48:08.060 be the journey of a month or

00:48:09.440 the journey of a lifetime and

00:48:11.220 you know maybe what you would

00:48:12.940 want is that the journey of a

00:48:15.040 minute and 10 minutes and a

00:48:16.620 week and a month and a year

00:48:18.740 culminate into the journey of a

00:48:21.560 lifetime you know you could

00:48:22.620 imagine that you would want some

00:48:23.900 continuity across all that so

00:48:25.700 that there was some what would

00:48:27.680 integrity to your existence so

00:48:30.020 that each part of what you were

00:48:31.320 doing was related in some

00:48:32.720 intelligible way to the whole

00:48:34.180 that would be an that would be

00:48:35.740 an ideal when you think of

00:48:37.020 someone as how as as being

00:48:38.760 integrated right as having

00:48:40.260 character something like that

00:48:42.080 that's really what you mean is

00:48:44.680 you mean that all the parts of

00:48:46.640 what they do fit somehow into an

00:48:48.860 integrated whole and so that's

00:48:50.840 kind of interesting to know too

00:48:52.100 because if you have a value system

00:48:53.900 that's well structured then all

00:48:56.460 the little things you do are part

00:48:58.280 of the big thing that you're doing

00:49:00.360 whatever that big thing is and you

00:49:03.360 are doing that big thing okay so

00:49:06.060 so that's that's another thing to

00:49:07.420 keep in mind now so you're looking

00:49:10.160 at the world you're a creature of

00:49:11.460 action you have to be a creature of

00:49:12.860 action because you have to act in

00:49:14.600 order to live because if you don't

00:49:16.580 act well then you fall apart and

00:49:18.860 you're overwhelmed by despair and

00:49:21.160 negative emotion and you starve to

00:49:22.980 death and you die and so not acting

00:49:26.020 not an option so and unless you're

00:49:29.860 willing to take the consequences i

00:49:31.560 just described so you better look at

00:49:33.060 the world as a place to act and so

00:49:35.020 how do you act well you're somewhere

00:49:38.540 you should know where you are by the

00:49:41.100 way that that's very helpful

00:49:43.200 psychologically you know and imagine

00:49:45.680 you have a map you're in a car and

00:49:47.860 you don't know where you are you're

00:49:49.560 trying to get somewhere the map's not

00:49:51.440 helpful because you don't know where

00:49:52.920 you are and so even if you know where

00:49:54.820 you're going but you don't know where

00:49:56.260 you are the map isn't useful and the

00:49:58.460 same applies the same really does

00:50:00.160 apply to your life if you don't know

00:50:02.020 where you are it's very hard to map out

00:50:04.120 where you're going and well that has

00:50:07.220 consequences for emotion as well

00:50:09.280 because going somewhere is actually

00:50:11.660 what activates the positive emotion

00:50:13.220 system that's what it's for the

00:50:15.460 positive emotion system is to facilitate

00:50:20.060 movement forward to a better place

00:50:22.540 that's its function so that's so

00:50:24.720 interesting because it means that if

00:50:26.660 you're not moving forward to a better

00:50:28.820 place then you don't have any positive

00:50:31.580 emotion and so that and and there's

00:50:34.740 another conclusion that you can derive

00:50:36.380 from that too which is that if you don't

00:50:38.000 have a value system you don't have any

00:50:39.960 positive emotion because a value system

00:50:42.260 is what posits that one thing is worth

00:50:44.020 doing more than another and if one thing

00:50:47.140 isn't worth doing more than another then

00:50:49.580 you don't have any value any place

00:50:51.300 valuable to go and if you don't have any

00:50:53.280 place valuable to go go then you don't

00:50:55.840 have any positive emotion and so that's

00:50:58.100 so when people are criticizing hierarchies

00:51:00.640 which they do a lot especially politically

00:51:04.260 there shouldn't be hierarchies it's like

00:51:05.900 really really there shouldn't be hierarchy

00:51:09.520 say well how is it that you propose to

00:51:11.980 look at the world because you look at the

00:51:15.280 thing that you think is most important to

00:51:16.920 look at at that point and if you couldn't

00:51:19.140 you wouldn't even know what to look at you

00:51:20.500 know maybe you've seen i've seen videos

00:51:23.360 youtube videos of cameras that have been

00:51:25.940 dropped from space accidentally maybe it

00:51:29.320 wasn't accidentally it might have been

00:51:30.480 part of an advertising campaign for maybe

00:51:32.400 one of those you go things what do they

00:51:35.660 call those what is it yeah gopro that's

00:51:40.780 it so they dropped one i think from like

00:51:42.760 30 miles up and it spun around all the

00:51:45.020 way down and videotaped it's like pretty

00:51:47.160 dull because why well because because it's

00:51:51.960 not pointed at anything it's not directed

00:51:55.360 towards anything like it's a perfectly

00:51:57.480 objective portrait of reality that's

00:52:00.560 absolutely pointless right because there's

00:52:03.880 there's no nothing is zeroing in on

00:52:06.180 anything you know and you even to organize

00:52:08.580 your damn vision even to focus your eyes

00:52:11.300 you have to have a value hierarchy because

00:52:13.220 you have to be focusing on something that

00:52:14.680 you think is important and if you think it's

00:52:16.580 important it has to be more important than

00:52:18.100 other things in fact it has to be more

00:52:20.700 important than everything else at that

00:52:22.460 moment because otherwise you wouldn't be

00:52:24.200 focusing on it and so there's no getting rid of

00:52:26.600 hierarchies not not unless you want to

00:52:29.260 dysregulate your perceptual structures

00:52:32.500 entirely and sacrifice your emotional

00:52:35.940 stability no more positive emotion

00:52:37.940 plenty of confusion though and be immobilized

00:52:43.080 and then also sit there and do nothing and

00:52:45.760 suffer and die and so let the idea that

00:52:49.220 there's something intrinsically wrong with

00:52:51.000 hierarchies that's

00:52:52.280 it's wrong it's wrong it's really deeply

00:52:58.520 wrong it's deeply and stupidly wrong at at

00:53:01.760 multiple levels and and so then the

00:53:04.140 question becomes more um appropriately well

00:53:07.640 what should the hierarchy be and not

00:53:10.900 whether or not there should be one it's

00:53:12.600 like and and you know it's not like i'm

00:53:14.520 not cognizant of the negative consequences

00:53:16.960 of hierarchies it's it's not like they're

00:53:19.020 all positive you know i mean no matter what

00:53:21.560 hierarchy we set up to pursue what goal

00:53:24.880 it doesn't matter what the goal is some

00:53:26.980 people turn out to be better at doing

00:53:28.660 that and some people turn out to be worse

00:53:30.580 and the people who turn out to be worse pay

00:53:33.940 a fairly heavy price for being worse

00:53:36.180 and so you set up a hierarchy there are

00:53:38.940 people and more people at the bottom that

00:53:41.800 are worse pay a fairly heavy price

00:53:43.880 and so it's not like hierarchies are

00:53:46.200 without cost and i would say to the

00:53:48.800 degree that the left end of the political

00:53:50.640 spectrum has a valid point their valid

00:53:54.020 point is um pay some attention to the

00:53:57.580 people at the bottom of the hierarchies

00:53:59.100 because it's a rough place to be and

00:54:00.500 keep the hierarchies fair so that people

00:54:02.520 can move up and keep them focused on

00:54:04.920 their tasks so they're doing useful

00:54:07.260 things and aren't corrupted by people who

00:54:09.860 are only seeking power all of that fine

00:54:12.920 no hierarchy that's a bad idea that's a

00:54:17.400 non-starter okay so now you're deciding to

00:54:21.440 go somewhere and it doesn't matter where

00:54:24.840 it is small scale journey or large scale

00:54:28.640 journey because a large scale journey is

00:54:32.800 composed of about multitude of small scale

00:54:35.980 journeys so i'll give you an example of

00:54:39.040 this i'm going to build up a moral

00:54:40.800 hierarchy for you from from the bottom

00:54:42.700 okay and and here here's one of the

00:54:45.020 things that's kind of cool about doing

00:54:46.360 this because it actually solves to some

00:54:48.800 degree the mind body problem if you do

00:54:51.140 that and so if you're sitting there

00:54:52.900 thinking geez i wish that i could solve

00:54:55.260 the mind body problem tonight then you

00:54:57.260 know maybe tonight's your lucky night

00:54:58.700 because maybe that's what's going to

00:55:00.800 happen so um imagine that um imagine

00:55:06.560 that you're going to uh do something like

00:55:09.300 prepare dinner you might think that's a

00:55:12.620 good thing so that's interesting so it's

00:55:16.140 an action but we'd also put a moral

00:55:17.880 dimension on it it's good to feed hungry

00:55:19.820 people yourself included maybe you do a

00:55:22.320 good job of making dinner that even be

00:55:23.940 better not only are you making dinner

00:55:25.460 but you're making a good dinner and so

00:55:28.820 that that makes making dinner an even

00:55:31.160 more impressive moral feat because you

00:55:34.340 could make some wretched cold dismal

00:55:37.300 massive glutinous catastrophe and serve

00:55:42.100 it with contempt and hatred to the people

00:55:44.340 that that are around you you know you

00:55:46.420 could do that and it would still be

00:55:47.980 dinner but you know it'd be it'd be a low

00:55:50.560 quality it'd be a low quality and and all

00:55:53.540 too common occurrence um but let's say

00:55:57.160 that you do it right you know it's like

00:55:58.860 you're going to put some effort into it

00:56:00.240 it's going to be delicious that'd be

00:56:02.320 nice it's going to be nutritious it's

00:56:03.880 going to be attractive um and it's going

00:56:06.400 to be served with the proper attitude you

00:56:08.500 know you're happy that you have some

00:56:09.740 food that's kind of nice hasn't been all

00:56:12.040 that long that everybody had food and

00:56:14.280 certainly hasn't been all that long

00:56:15.540 that everybody had a vast variety of

00:56:18.000 high quality food and so a little

00:56:19.680 gratitude would be nice and so so you

00:56:22.140 got your so so even so so back to the

00:56:27.040 back to the task at hand you're you're

00:56:28.960 going to make dinner so the question is

00:56:30.680 well what exactly do you do to make

00:56:33.020 dinner and it's kind of an abstract idea

00:56:35.840 to make dinner let's go make dinner you

00:56:37.780 can say that abstractly but when you

00:56:39.720 actually go to make dinner it's not

00:56:41.180 abstract anymore you go into the kitchen

00:56:45.000 and you open the refrigerator and that

00:56:47.760 that's not abstract right that's not

00:56:49.820 mental it's physical you're interacting

00:56:52.800 with the world you grab the door handle

00:56:54.860 on the refrigerator and you open it you

00:56:56.660 don't really know how you do that you

00:56:58.300 know I mean I know you know how to close

00:56:59.580 your hand and move your arm but you

00:57:01.180 don't know how you know how to close

00:57:03.380 your hand and open the door your your

00:57:05.760 mind that's where your mind runs out it

00:57:08.220 knows how to operate your voluntary

00:57:10.280 musculature but it doesn't know how so

00:57:12.660 your mind grounds out in your body and

00:57:15.960 and and and I'm going to make the case

00:57:17.920 that morality does that as well and it's

00:57:19.660 part of this idea that the world is an

00:57:22.040 action-oriented place you open the

00:57:23.860 fridge you think hey carrots we're going

00:57:27.100 to need some carrots so you take the bag

00:57:28.760 of carrots out of the fridge and you put

00:57:30.240 them on the counter and you peel the

00:57:32.260 carrots and again same thing bit of expert

00:57:34.660 behavior there you know because you've

00:57:36.060 peeled carrots before and it's a bit

00:57:37.680 deterministic because you've learned

00:57:39.160 how to do it habitually and so you peel

00:57:41.380 the carrots and you take out the parts

00:57:43.120 that aren't so edible if you have any

00:57:44.680 sense and then you take out your knife

00:57:47.720 and maybe you have a nice knife with a

00:57:49.380 nice wide blade at the end so you can

00:57:51.200 chop up carrots it's kind of fun to do

00:57:53.300 that if you're good at it because you

00:57:54.500 can you know make a hundred slices in 20

00:57:57.080 or 30 seconds if you've practiced it and

00:57:58.920 you take your carrot and you go and then

00:58:01.740 you have all these you don't have to make

00:58:03.660 that noise by the way but but but you

00:58:05.760 can if you want and then if you're good

00:58:08.500 at it then all the carrots are pretty

00:58:09.800 much the same thickness and that's kind

00:58:11.640 of cool you got a little expertise there

00:58:13.800 and you got all the carrots lined up and

00:58:15.620 maybe then you put them in some foil and

00:58:17.540 you add a little butter and some I don't

00:58:19.340 know cumin and a bit of pepper and make

00:58:22.740 them into a foil packet this is what we do

00:58:24.880 in Canada you might do that you guys

00:58:27.620 barbecue I've heard and then you throw

00:58:29.540 the things on the barbecue and and you

00:58:31.880 wait till their steam puffs up the the

00:58:35.560 foil and you think done and if you have

00:58:37.480 any sense at the same time you know

00:58:39.020 you're cooking the steak and it's done

00:58:40.920 at the same time and the potatoes and

00:58:42.500 it's all done at the same time and it's

00:58:44.260 caramelized nicely so it's got a bit of

00:58:46.320 sweetness and you know you've got the

00:58:48.220 right amount of butter for the potatoes

00:58:49.580 and you serve it and and that's that's

00:58:51.800 good that's good and it took you a long

00:58:53.820 time to learn that and there's a

00:58:56.180 hierarchy there hey so the hierarchy is

00:58:58.340 the lowest part of the hierarchy is the

00:59:00.900 muscular movements say that you you

00:59:03.200 employ when you're slicing up the

00:59:05.240 carrots there's nothing abstract about

00:59:07.520 that and then there's the the

00:59:09.580 sequencing of the carrots in the foil

00:59:11.420 and the placing them on the on the on

00:59:14.360 the grill and all of that and that's

00:59:15.980 that's where the the rubber hits the

00:59:19.520 road and you think well hey I made a

00:59:22.400 good dinner and then you might think

00:59:24.500 well what's making a good dinner a

00:59:27.080 subset of you might think well you know

00:59:30.780 if you're a good friend good parent

00:59:34.940 maybe one of the things that you could

00:59:38.140 do is make a good dinner like it's not

00:59:40.040 the only thing it that that I make a good

00:59:43.680 dinner and so I'm a good friend it's

00:59:45.300 like no but maybe that's one-fifth of it

00:59:48.760 or a tenth of it it's it's some non-trivial

00:59:51.440 proportion of it necessary but not

00:59:53.980 sufficient is that right no no that's

00:59:57.160 not right it's not necessary

00:59:58.740 anyways it's one of the things you

01:00:01.700 could do to be a good friend and then

01:00:03.040 you know if you have a friend maybe he

01:00:04.600 makes you a good dinner now and then

01:00:06.060 and there's some reciprocity there so

01:00:07.720 that's and so you're capable of

01:00:09.600 engaging in that reciprocity and that's

01:00:11.280 another thing that might make you a good

01:00:12.560 friend and and or a good parent let's

01:00:14.960 say so let's say there's 10 things like

01:00:17.380 that at that level that make you a good

01:00:19.360 parent it's like well what you can make

01:00:22.620 a good meal you can you can clean up the

01:00:26.040 kitchen that's a good thing to be able

01:00:27.820 to do you can clean up the bathroom and

01:00:29.980 there and the rest of the house so

01:00:32.380 there's maybe five you know how to clean

01:00:34.060 well that's part two of being a good

01:00:35.860 parent you you get along with your

01:00:38.980 partner you you know how to negotiate

01:00:40.480 with them and and some of the things you

01:00:42.740 negotiate about are those lower level

01:00:45.340 tasks that you're going to engage it it's

01:00:48.100 like well I made dinner maybe you could

01:00:50.620 clean up the kitchen and you know

01:00:52.120 there'd be some reciprocity there and

01:00:53.920 if you're a good person which is

01:00:56.440 getting a little higher up in the value

01:00:57.820 hierarchy then you can engage in that

01:00:59.920 kind of negotiation so but and and that

01:01:03.760 is exactly what you would be in gate

01:01:05.380 negotiating is those tasks and so well

01:01:08.440 so maybe you're the sort of partner that

01:01:10.240 can communicate with your partner and

01:01:12.040 maybe you're the sort of parent that can

01:01:14.020 bring their children into the kitchen

01:01:16.360 and teach them the mechanical elements

01:01:18.880 of food preparation starting at the

01:01:21.760 bottom right I mean maybe you're not

01:01:23.080 going to give them the sharp knife to

01:01:24.820 begin with but you might get them to set

01:01:27.520 the table it's like they're two and a

01:01:29.140 half it's like table needs to be set

01:01:30.740 here's a spoon kid take the spoon the

01:01:35.180 kid can do that he knows what a spoon is

01:01:37.180 you don't say set the table for a dinner

01:01:41.020 party of 20 to a two and a half year old

01:01:43.360 right because they haven't got that level

01:01:46.100 of abstraction mastered you say you see

01:01:49.720 this yes pat pat here's a spoon yes can

01:01:55.200 you say spoon spoon good good take the

01:01:58.540 spoon take it good you know where the

01:02:01.860 table is yes how about if you go put the

01:02:04.480 spoon on the table it's like yeah I can

01:02:07.200 do that so the kid wanders over and puts

01:02:09.140 the spoon on the table and and then maybe

01:02:10.900 comes back and looks at you and they look

01:02:13.240 at you to think is well did I get the

01:02:16.680 spoon on the table right did I did I do

01:02:18.520 it right that's one thing did I undertake

01:02:21.100 the action correctly that's one thing and

01:02:25.140 was it a good action right did I do

01:02:27.640 something that was morally appropriate

01:02:28.640 they're trying to check both of those out

01:02:30.560 at the same time and you pat them on the

01:02:32.260 head you say hey good job man you're

01:02:34.360 growing up and by that you also signify

01:02:37.360 to them that growing up is a good thing

01:02:39.920 that's also important and then you say

01:02:41.880 well here's another spoon you're going

01:02:44.040 to encounter lots of spoons in your

01:02:45.320 life why don't you go put it on the

01:02:46.520 table too and so you know they put the

01:02:49.000 spoons on the table and then maybe you

01:02:50.380 show them how the spoons might be

01:02:52.140 arranged and then maybe you trust them

01:02:53.800 with a fork and then they can do the

01:02:55.780 same thing and then with the knife and

01:02:57.480 you know a dull butter knife sort of

01:02:59.320 thing at least to begin with and and with

01:03:01.380 it with the with it with the dishes and

01:03:03.940 you teach them bottom up right reflex

01:03:07.860 upward you teach them the mechanics of

01:03:10.740 preparing something complex and so they

01:03:13.260 have all those micro skills embedded in

01:03:16.560 them so to speak and they're part of

01:03:19.500 their their psychophysiological ability

01:03:22.860 and at some point with a certain amount

01:03:25.140 of training might take three months four

01:03:27.480 months six months you can say set the

01:03:31.200 table and then the kid knows exactly

01:03:33.540 what to do and but they don't know what

01:03:35.100 to do until they have all those micro

01:03:36.660 routines mastered and so that's kind of

01:03:39.540 cool because what it indicates is that

01:03:41.220 the the command the the macro command set

01:03:45.820 the table is only something that has a

01:03:48.440 meaning when the micro processes that are

01:03:51.420 motoric have already been mastered and

01:03:53.880 and that's a really good way of thinking

01:03:55.440 about how you're constituted like you

01:03:57.420 have a lot of skills things you can do

01:03:59.700 with your body act act action oriented

01:04:03.000 skills and perceptual skills and once you

01:04:05.580 have them as part of you then other

01:04:09.780 people can refer to them and you

01:04:12.720 understand each other and that's partly

01:04:14.880 how we understand each other is that we

01:04:16.440 share a hierarchy of skill and perception

01:04:20.040 that's built from the bottom up to a very

01:04:22.440 high level of abstraction and also a very

01:04:25.140 high level of isomorphism meaning it's the

01:04:27.040 it's the same for everyone so so so okay

01:04:30.880 I'll explain that momentarily here so now we

01:04:36.640 already established that you have to do

01:04:38.020 things and I'm going to elaborate on that

01:04:41.380 claim a little bit so you have to do

01:04:43.060 things and you have emotional systems that

01:04:46.540 help you decide whether you're on the

01:04:48.820 right path because if you have to do

01:04:50.620 things you're on a path and if you're

01:04:53.020 going somewhere you better be on the

01:04:54.460 right path and so then you need something

01:04:57.100 to tell you whether or not you're on the

01:04:58.900 right path and that's what your emotions

01:05:01.120 do your positive emotion and your

01:05:02.980 negative emotion they're orienting systems

01:05:06.160 that tell you whether you're on the

01:05:07.900 right path and the path is defined by the

01:05:09.940 goal so you need a goal so that's the

01:05:12.760 first thing to think about it's really

01:05:15.100 really really really important to think

01:05:16.660 about this if your life is not the way

01:05:18.880 you want it to be it's possible that

01:05:22.960 your goal is not what it should be and

01:05:25.660 that's a fundamental religious teaching

01:05:28.000 by the way I would say that might be the

01:05:29.500 fundamental religious teaching of

01:05:31.120 Buddhism right because the Buddhist teach

01:05:33.460 in some sense that everything is Maya or

01:05:35.320 illusion and and it's a complicated idea

01:05:38.800 but partly what it means is the way the

01:05:42.580 world manifests itself to you is in large

01:05:45.940 part determined by your aim within the

01:05:49.840 world and so by switching aim you can

01:05:52.540 switch whether something is positive or

01:05:54.940 negative like let's say you come home and

01:05:56.440 you're you find your wife's having an

01:05:57.860 affair it's like man you're you're not

01:06:00.000 happy you're one bitter twisted angry

01:06:02.920 person and you know you go down to the

01:06:04.880 bar and you have a few drinks and you

01:06:06.160 thought god you know I really never liked

01:06:08.860 her and you think hey this is the best day

01:06:12.080 of my life my wife had an affair it's like

01:06:14.480 I'm free I know this is a ridiculous

01:06:16.680 story but you get my point you know it's

01:06:18.880 like you you could make a switch like

01:06:20.980 that you think well isn't it so strange

01:06:22.720 it's like half an hour ago I was like

01:06:24.660 bitter and twisted and angry and resentful

01:06:27.040 and anxious and and frustrated and

01:06:29.040 disappointed because there was something I

01:06:31.000 wanted and I wasn't getting it and now

01:06:33.420 all of a sudden I've decided I didn't want

01:06:35.240 that and everything is switched around and

01:06:38.280 so that's that's a that's a kind of a

01:06:40.680 that's a miracle that that can happen and

01:06:43.160 so in rule six you know I I the rule is

01:06:46.160 um put your house in perfect order

01:06:48.560 before you criticize the world well so

01:06:50.900 what's the idea it's like well if the

01:06:52.920 world isn't up to your standards let's

01:06:56.420 say first of all you might ask yourself

01:06:58.360 about that to begin with it's like the

01:07:01.040 world isn't up to your standards really

01:07:03.560 that's and then that's the world's

01:07:06.160 problem somehow it's it's not more likely

01:07:09.160 that it's given that you're talking

01:07:11.160 about the world here it's not more likely

01:07:14.160 that there's some chance that it's your

01:07:17.900 problem and that if you put yourself

01:07:20.160 right then the world wouldn't appear to be a

01:07:24.160 problem and I mean it's a profound

01:07:26.160 question you know and I'm not throwing

01:07:28.160 that out cynically or sarcastically I mean I've

01:07:31.160 been disenchanted with the world a fair

01:07:33.160 number of times personally I'm including

01:07:35.160 myself in in the list of people who make

01:07:38.160 that error but you know knowing that your

01:07:41.160 emotional reactions are dependent on your

01:07:43.160 aim and that that's actually technically

01:07:46.160 true does immediately open up the

01:07:48.160 question hey man if things aren't laying

01:07:51.160 themselves in front of you out in front

01:07:53.160 of you the way that is necessary for you

01:07:56.160 to live a full and engaged life and not be

01:07:59.160 cynical and bitter and twisted and cruel

01:08:01.160 and vengeful and and disappointed and all

01:08:04.160 of that it's just possible that you're

01:08:07.160 not aiming at the right thing and man that

01:08:10.160 is a question that is a question worth

01:08:13.160 asking we'll return next week with part

01:08:15.160 two if you found this conversation

01:08:18.160 meaningful you might think about picking

01:08:20.160 up dad's books maps of meaning the

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01:08:24.160 bestseller 12 rules for life an antidote

01:08:26.160 to chaos both of these works delve much

01:08:28.160 deeper into the topics covered in the

01:08:31.160 Jordan B. Peterson podcast see

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01:09:50.160 but here's the thing prayer the most common

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01:11:16.160 you

The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - March 01, 2020

Our Emotions and the Social Hierarchy – Part One

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