The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - Territory, Hierarchy, Security, and Fear

00:00:00.940 Hey everyone, real quick before you skip, I want to talk to you about something serious and important.

00:00:06.480 Dr. Jordan Peterson has created a new series that could be a lifeline for those battling depression and anxiety.

00:00:12.740 We know how isolating and overwhelming these conditions can be, and we wanted to take a moment to reach out to those listening who may be struggling.

00:00:20.100 With decades of experience helping patients, Dr. Peterson offers a unique understanding of why you might be feeling this way in his new series.

00:00:27.420 He provides a roadmap towards healing, showing that while the journey isn't easy, it's absolutely possible to find your way forward.

00:00:35.360 If you're suffering, please know you are not alone. There's hope, and there's a path to feeling better.

00:00:41.780 Go to Daily Wire Plus now and start watching Dr. Jordan B. Peterson on depression and anxiety.

00:00:47.460 Let this be the first step towards the brighter future you deserve.

00:00:57.420 Welcome to Season 2, Episode 21 of the Jordan B. Peterson Podcast.

00:01:05.120 I'm Michaela Peterson, Dad's daughter, collaborator, mastermind behind the Jordan B. Peterson Podcast, and only purely carnivorous offspring.

00:01:15.600 Weekly update, Mum is still stable and we are still stressed. Still.

00:01:20.360 Turns out she didn't go home from the hospital. Instead, she's being transferred from Canada to America, where they are finally going to fix her.

00:01:29.360 So that's happening this week. Well, next week, actually.

00:01:33.400 Hopefully, I'll be able to update you guys the week after next about how it goes.

00:01:38.200 I honestly think things are going to be okay finally, though. It's been a hell of a long time.

00:01:43.080 Nobody is as resilient as my mom, though.

00:01:45.780 Let's see. Any other updates?

00:01:47.260 It's not really.

00:01:49.300 When we return, Dad's 12 Rules for Life lecture from July 27, 2018.

00:02:00.020 Please welcome my father, Dr. Jordan B. Peterson.

00:02:14.380 You Albertans are a soft-hearted bunch.

00:02:17.260 Thank you. Thank you.

00:02:22.000 Much appreciated.

00:02:32.820 I see that 600 activists didn't scare you off, eh?

00:02:36.380 I was kind of shocked by that, you know.

00:02:41.360 That was the longest petition that anybody's managed to put together so far.

00:02:46.340 So, it's impressive.

00:02:49.260 It was good of the theater not to lose their spine.

00:02:53.900 You need a spine, you know, because you can't stand up straight without one.

00:03:09.760 Okay, so I've been working on some ideas that I'm going to share with you tonight.

00:03:14.560 I really, some of you know, perhaps, that I spent four, I was at four venues with Sam Harris, two in Vancouver and two in, one in Dublin and one in London.

00:03:29.240 And those will be released relatively soon, as soon as we get the production straightened out and the audio cleaned up and all of that.

00:03:38.400 So, and they were very helpful and they helped me think some things through.

00:03:44.040 I figured out some things that I hadn't got clear in about 25 years of thinking.

00:03:48.680 And so, you know, that's why it's useful to talk to somebody that you disagree with, you know, if you can have an actual conversation with them.

00:03:54.220 Because, especially if they're sharp, because they push you to make things clearer than they were before.

00:04:01.340 And you might say, well, who cares if they're clearer?

00:04:03.960 But, you know, you act out your thoughts.

00:04:06.920 And so, if your thoughts aren't clear, then your actions aren't precise and you get into trouble.

00:04:14.520 I mean, that's kind of self-evident, right?

00:04:15.980 That's why you think.

00:04:16.920 And so, you should think sharply because you need to act carefully.

00:04:20.660 And so, it's very useful to talk to somebody who has thought things through, who doesn't think the same way you do.

00:04:27.960 Because, like, what the hell do you know?

00:04:29.380 And if you talk to somebody that disagrees, there's some real possibility they'll tell you some things you don't know.

00:04:36.320 That's rule nine, right?

00:04:38.640 Assume that the person that you're talking to knows something you don't.

00:04:43.800 Because you need to know what you don't know.

00:04:45.900 Unless everything's perfect for you.

00:04:47.820 That seems highly unlikely.

00:04:49.880 So, well, that's the mark of your ignorance, right?

00:04:53.000 If your life isn't everything that it should be, then you don't know enough.

00:04:56.800 It's as simple as that.

00:04:58.100 If you talk to people who think exactly the same way you do, then all they're going to do is tell you the things you already know.

00:05:03.480 And clearly, if your life isn't everything it could be, then what you know isn't enough.

00:05:07.780 So, you should seek out some enemies and see if they can inform you.

00:05:11.520 Because then, well, there'll be a bit more to you, and maybe you'll think a bit more clearly, and you won't have such a wretched and miserable time of it.

00:05:18.400 So, okay.

00:05:26.280 About 30 years ago, when I started thinking about all the things that I wrote about in Maps of Meaning in my first book,

00:05:32.960 which I released, by the way, in audio form on June 12th.

00:05:37.300 So, if you're interested in, if you thought that Twelve Rules for Life was useful,

00:05:42.760 and you want to go into the ideas that are in it more deeply, then that's a good way of doing it.

00:05:49.680 It's a very complicated book.

00:05:51.140 But it was out of that book that Twelve Rules for Life arose.

00:05:54.840 And the reason that I wrote both of these books, fundamentally, was because, well, it started with something I was obsessed about.

00:06:05.280 I got obsessed about the fact of the Cold War back in the late 70s and early 80s.

00:06:11.300 And I was really, well, it seemed like a, it seemed surreal to me that the world had divided itself up, obviously not just to me,

00:06:22.580 but that the world had divided itself up into two armed camps, each of which pledged allegiance, let's say, to a different system of beliefs.

00:06:33.740 That's not so unbelievable.

00:06:35.800 But what was unbelievable was that those beliefs were so important to the East and the West

00:06:43.480 that we seemed willing to put the whole world to the torch, at least to risk that, to protect those systems, right?

00:06:55.580 I mean, at the height of the Cold War, each side, the Soviet side and the Western capitalist side, let's say,

00:07:04.680 had tens of thousands of hydrogen bombs aimed at each other on a hair trigger.

00:07:11.320 And I don't know how much you know about hydrogen bombs, probably not a lot, hopefully not a lot.

00:07:17.980 But, you know, you know that in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Americans dropped atom bombs on those cities to devastating effect.

00:07:27.140 You know that a hydrogen bomb has an atom bomb for the trigger.

00:07:32.620 So that's the difference between a fission bomb and a fusion bomb.

00:07:37.380 For a fusion bomb, the fission bomb is just what gets it started.

00:07:42.060 And we had tens of thousands of those things aimed at each other.

00:07:45.160 And there's still plenty of them around.

00:07:46.520 It's not like we're out of the woods, out of the weeds, I guess.

00:07:49.620 But, you know, it's better than it was.

00:07:52.040 And so I was really obsessed with trying to understand, how could it be that belief systems could be so important

00:08:01.300 that their maintenance was worth sacrificing everything to?

00:08:07.360 You know, not just our own lives, say, but the past and the future.

00:08:13.160 Life itself, maybe.

00:08:14.760 It struck me as a very interesting psychological issue.

00:08:18.320 Like, how could it be that belief systems, in some sense, could be more important than everything?

00:08:23.920 It just didn't make sense to me.

00:08:25.560 And, you know, I had been studying political science, and I kind of liked that.

00:08:30.160 And my first year or two, when I studied political science, I liked that.

00:08:33.800 I studied the great political thinkers, political philosophers, you know, the classic political philosophers.

00:08:39.840 Plato and Aristotle and Hobbes and Rousseau and John Stuart Mill and John Locke, etc.

00:08:46.260 And I really liked that.

00:08:48.180 I thought that was extremely helpful.

00:08:49.540 But then when I got up into the upper years, in my undergraduate degree,

00:08:53.320 I was taught, essentially, that people were motivated by economic concerns,

00:08:58.100 and that that was fundamentally what drove conflict and war.

00:09:01.840 And I thought, no, it's not a very good explanation, because it's missing something.

00:09:07.360 To say that people fight over what they value is to say almost nothing at all.

00:09:11.880 Well, obviously, people fight over what they value, so it's not helpful.

00:09:16.620 The question is, why do they value what they value?

00:09:20.100 That's the fundamental question.

00:09:21.760 And so I stopped studying political science, and I started studying psychology,

00:09:25.840 because it struck me that the fundamental problem wasn't political or economic or sociological.

00:09:32.120 It was psychological.

00:09:32.960 And I believe that's the case, which is why 12 Rules for Life and MAPSA meaning, as well,

00:09:40.340 concentrate so much on the individual, because that's the psychological level of analysis.

00:09:45.300 And I think, for this particular problem, why are belief systems so important?

00:09:50.640 It's the psychological level of analysis that's correct.

00:09:54.560 So, I had this intuition that you need a belief system to structure your action in the world.

00:10:05.940 You need a belief system to get along with other people.

00:10:09.520 And you need a belief system to protect you from meaninglessness, let's say.

00:10:13.560 And meaninglessness, that's nihilism and depression.

00:10:17.740 And the whole end of, what would you call it, the existential spectrum that you can inhabit,

00:10:25.260 where you're essentially just flooded with negative emotion, with emotional pain and anxiety.

00:10:30.920 And that's unbearable.

00:10:33.340 And that's sort of the default condition of human beings, I would say.

00:10:36.860 It's probably the default condition of life itself.

00:10:39.760 It's a very well, widely distributed religious idea that life is essentially suffering.

00:10:46.280 And it stands to reason, because people and other creatures are vulnerable and mortal.

00:10:54.360 We can be hurt, we can be killed.

00:10:56.420 And things tend to go from bad to worse of their own accord.

00:11:01.400 And so, the default condition of life isn't satisfaction or happiness,

00:11:06.520 or even neutral emotional being.

00:11:09.680 It's suffering.

00:11:11.420 And you need something to set against that suffering,

00:11:14.100 partly because you actually have to do something about it, right?

00:11:17.100 You have to act in the world.

00:11:18.560 You have to act productively in the world.

00:11:21.500 Or you don't just feel terrible.

00:11:24.440 You actually degenerate and die.

00:11:26.320 So, the suffering is reflective of your actual vulnerability.

00:11:30.260 So, it's a practical necessity to act in the world.

00:11:33.140 It's also a psychological necessity to act in the world.

00:11:35.580 And you have to organize your actions towards some end.

00:11:39.860 And that should be a valuable end.

00:11:41.920 And it's your belief systems that organize your actions towards some end.

00:11:46.540 And so, they protect you.

00:11:50.220 Your belief system protects you from being overwhelmed with negative emotion.

00:11:54.140 So, the problem is, one of the problems is,

00:11:59.160 this group of people might have belief system A,

00:12:02.120 and this group of people might have belief system B.

00:12:04.580 And when you bring them into contact with each other, there's conflict.

00:12:09.580 And conflict's the way of the world.

00:12:11.740 I mean, when you have a relationship with someone individually,

00:12:15.140 you both have slightly different belief systems,

00:12:17.640 or maybe substantially different belief systems,

00:12:20.360 and you try to inhabit the same space within the confines of an intimate relationship,

00:12:24.800 there's going to be conflict.

00:12:26.720 And it's because you need your belief system.

00:12:29.500 And yet, person A and person B think about the world differently.

00:12:33.100 So, conflict is inevitable.

00:12:35.920 Well, conflict between individuals, conflict between groups,

00:12:40.380 conflict between nations.

00:12:42.200 The problem is, is that we're so technologically powerful now,

00:12:46.180 we can't afford conflict between nations.

00:12:50.360 But people aren't going to just give up their belief systems,

00:12:52.600 because if you give up your belief systems,

00:12:54.380 then you don't have anywhere to go,

00:12:56.560 and you don't have anything to do,

00:12:57.740 and you fall into, like, nihilistic suffering,

00:13:01.320 and that's no good, because it's too painful.

00:13:04.140 Well, it's counterproductive, first of all.

00:13:05.820 Plus, it's painful.

00:13:07.000 Plus, it's anxiety-provoking.

00:13:08.600 But it's worse than that, because,

00:13:10.840 and this is where things really go off the rails, you know.

00:13:13.200 If you don't have a belief system that's working for you,

00:13:16.240 then not only are you in emotional pain,

00:13:20.940 not only are you not doing well,

00:13:23.000 and in emotional pain, and anxious,

00:13:26.160 but that isn't where the degeneration stops,

00:13:28.580 because if you take anyone, including yourself,

00:13:31.780 and make them suffer stupidly, pointlessly,

00:13:36.360 they don't stop with being in emotional pain and being anxious.

00:13:40.720 They move from that to being resentful, and revengeful,

00:13:44.920 and cruel, and murderous, and past that,

00:13:48.500 there's plenty of places past murderous,

00:13:51.600 genocidal, there's places past genocidal,

00:13:54.620 because it's one thing to want to wipe people out,

00:13:57.500 and it's a whole other thing to want them to be as miserable

00:14:00.260 as you can possibly make them before you wipe them out.

00:14:03.520 And that's sort of where things end.

00:14:05.760 Although I suspect there are unexplored nooks and crannies of hell

00:14:09.760 that even extend beyond that.

00:14:12.440 So, well, if you're familiar to some degree with human history,

00:14:17.440 or perhaps particularly the history of the 20th century,

00:14:21.540 you know that people and states can go places

00:14:25.660 that are so unimaginably dark

00:14:29.120 that you can barely tolerate reading about them,

00:14:33.460 much less being in a situation

00:14:37.200 where the thing you're reading about is actually happening.

00:14:41.400 So, meaninglessness

00:14:43.980 is not a place that anyone wants to go.

00:14:48.560 You've got to have your belief system,

00:14:50.120 but if you have your belief system,

00:14:51.420 then you're going to have conflict with everyone

00:14:53.640 that has a different belief system,

00:14:56.240 and we can't afford unlimited conflict anymore.

00:15:00.000 So, that seemed to me,

00:15:05.860 well, that was a very shocking set of discoveries for me,

00:15:08.680 because I thought that at the time

00:15:10.640 when I was thinking these things through,

00:15:12.120 I thought that if you thought something through,

00:15:15.240 then the answer would appear

00:15:16.940 merely as a consequence of having done the thinking properly.

00:15:21.780 That you wouldn't end up in a dead end

00:15:23.760 where option A was terrible,

00:15:25.600 and option B was terrible,

00:15:28.280 and that's all the options there were.

00:15:30.800 That's not the only option.

00:15:32.660 That's not the only two options.

00:15:34.000 You wouldn't think that it would be,

00:15:35.580 because one option is you have beliefs,

00:15:37.960 another option is that you don't have them.

00:15:40.000 It doesn't seem to be any other options,

00:15:42.020 but there are.

00:15:43.660 Now, I want to tell you,

00:15:48.740 that's a kind of way of laying out the structure of the world.

00:15:55.200 On one end of reality,

00:15:57.380 there's a state of nihilistic chaos,

00:16:00.380 and on the other end,

00:16:01.340 there's a state of totalitarian certainty,

00:16:03.680 and both of those are unacceptable options.

00:16:07.320 Okay, so then,

00:16:08.860 what's the alternative to that?

00:16:12.380 So, I'm going to tell you a little bit about

00:16:15.500 the way the Taoists look at the world,

00:16:18.700 to begin with,

00:16:19.860 because they've produced a conceptual system

00:16:23.540 that I think is unbelievably helpful.

00:16:26.100 I think it's correct.

00:16:29.040 So, it's hard to understand,

00:16:31.920 because it isn't like the way,

00:16:33.500 it's a way of portraying reality.

00:16:35.680 It isn't like the way that we portray reality.

00:16:39.100 Us, Westerners, materialists, atheists,

00:16:41.840 essentially,

00:16:43.160 in our ontology,

00:16:44.980 in our theory of being.

00:16:46.880 Now, you know,

00:16:47.280 we may be religious or not,

00:16:50.040 we're a mixture,

00:16:51.220 but fundamentally,

00:16:52.340 the West is a materialist and atheistic society,

00:16:56.040 and it's become extraordinarily technologically powerful

00:16:59.340 as a consequence of that,

00:17:00.420 so you can't dispute the power of that perspective.

00:17:04.060 As a set of tools,

00:17:06.060 materialism is unbelievably useful.

00:17:08.380 But it leaves us bereft of meaning,

00:17:12.360 for example,

00:17:12.880 which is a big problem,

00:17:13.940 given where the lack of meaning takes people.

00:17:16.700 Now, the Taoists think that

00:17:19.080 the reality

00:17:21.180 is best construed of as

00:17:24.780 a combination of yin and yang.

00:17:27.660 And you all know the Taoist symbol,

00:17:29.420 I presume.

00:17:29.940 It's a circle

00:17:31.220 with something that looks like

00:17:34.160 a white paisley

00:17:35.020 inscribed inside of it

00:17:36.240 and on opposite

00:17:38.220 a black paisley.

00:17:39.380 Now, those aren't paisleys,

00:17:40.540 they're serpents,

00:17:41.980 they're snakes.

00:17:43.120 So, for the Taoists,

00:17:44.140 the world is a white snake

00:17:45.520 and a black snake,

00:17:47.260 serpents,

00:17:48.160 inscribed inside a circle.

00:17:50.600 And in the white serpent's head

00:17:53.300 is a black circle,

00:17:54.920 small black circle,

00:17:55.660 and in the black serpent's head

00:17:56.940 it's a small white circle.

00:17:58.860 And the reason for that

00:17:59.600 is because

00:18:00.180 yin and yang

00:18:01.720 can turn into one another

00:18:03.420 at the drop of a hat.

00:18:05.180 Now,

00:18:06.000 yin is often

00:18:07.800 represented as feminine.

00:18:12.820 Now, that's why,

00:18:14.260 for example,

00:18:14.800 in Twelve Rules for Life,

00:18:16.560 I mentioned that

00:18:17.900 it's a common

00:18:20.060 proclivity for human beings

00:18:22.500 to represent chaos as feminine.

00:18:25.920 Now,

00:18:26.140 I didn't invent that.

00:18:28.180 The Taoists invented that.

00:18:30.180 And they didn't even invent it.

00:18:32.380 It's just one of the ways

00:18:35.280 that that symbolic proclivity

00:18:37.280 manifests itself.

00:18:38.880 It can't be laid at my feet.

00:18:40.400 I don't want to take credit for it.

00:18:42.040 It's just how it is.

00:18:44.780 And there's reasons for it

00:18:46.040 and the reasons are deep.

00:18:47.140 And they took me a long time

00:18:48.520 to understand.

00:18:49.860 There's many reasons

00:18:50.760 why that relationship exists.

00:18:54.100 and we'll go through

00:18:56.120 some of them.

00:18:57.200 Yin is chaos,

00:18:58.560 feminine,

00:18:59.940 and yang is masculine,

00:19:02.560 is order,

00:19:03.680 masculine.

00:19:05.040 Now, you know,

00:19:05.960 the idea that

00:19:07.120 the West is a patriarchy,

00:19:10.300 which is a masculine construct,

00:19:12.080 that's order,

00:19:13.560 that's a reflection

00:19:14.360 of the same symbolic

00:19:15.680 intuition.

00:19:17.200 Now, I don't like

00:19:19.160 the idea

00:19:20.100 that the West

00:19:20.860 is a patriarchy,

00:19:22.220 even though it's true

00:19:23.380 in part.

00:19:25.900 It's always important

00:19:27.060 to remember

00:19:27.660 that many things

00:19:28.740 are true

00:19:29.280 in part,

00:19:31.200 not just true,

00:19:33.600 but true

00:19:34.120 in part.

00:19:35.020 so the

00:19:37.020 unquestioned assumption

00:19:41.120 on the part

00:19:41.700 of the feminist

00:19:43.240 types,

00:19:44.120 the radical leftist

00:19:44.980 types,

00:19:45.640 the same sort of people

00:19:46.520 who've been

00:19:47.040 criticizing me,

00:19:48.300 for example,

00:19:48.900 for noticing

00:19:50.580 that order

00:19:52.960 is symbolically

00:19:54.220 masculine,

00:19:55.220 are perfectly happy

00:19:56.940 to proclaim

00:19:57.560 that the West

00:19:59.620 is a patriarchy,

00:20:00.700 which is exactly

00:20:01.720 the same claim,

00:20:03.400 by the way.

00:20:04.140 Well, and then

00:20:12.220 you'd think, too,

00:20:13.180 like if the West

00:20:14.020 is a patriarchy,

00:20:14.860 if the West

00:20:15.240 is order,

00:20:15.840 and it's pathological

00:20:16.620 order,

00:20:16.960 and that's a patriarchy,

00:20:18.340 and that's masculine,

00:20:19.740 then there's something

00:20:20.940 that isn't that

00:20:22.180 that's feminine,

00:20:23.500 insofar as there's

00:20:24.440 something that's feminine,

00:20:25.800 and it isn't order,

00:20:27.100 because we already

00:20:28.200 wrapped that up

00:20:28.900 in the whole

00:20:29.280 patriarchal order thing,

00:20:30.920 so it's got to be

00:20:31.780 whatever that isn't,

00:20:34.140 and the opposite

00:20:35.520 of order is chaos.

00:20:37.340 Now, you might think

00:20:38.140 that chaos is a bad

00:20:39.120 thing, and too much

00:20:40.680 of it is,

00:20:41.600 but so is too much

00:20:42.460 order, so the fact

00:20:44.960 that too much of

00:20:46.060 something can be

00:20:46.720 a bad thing

00:20:47.200 doesn't mean that

00:20:48.160 the thing itself

00:20:49.400 is bad.

00:20:51.260 You know, people

00:20:51.840 poison themselves

00:20:52.980 quite often,

00:20:53.820 actually, by drinking

00:20:55.020 too much water,

00:20:56.300 water, but that

00:20:57.360 doesn't mean that

00:20:57.960 water is bad,

00:20:59.220 it just means that

00:21:00.120 you can poison

00:21:01.320 yourself if you

00:21:02.460 drink too much

00:21:03.140 of it, so don't

00:21:03.960 do that, by the

00:21:05.040 way, because I bet

00:21:05.980 you didn't know

00:21:06.440 you could do that,

00:21:07.280 but you can.

00:21:09.840 Going online

00:21:10.740 without ExpressVPN

00:21:11.720 is like not paying

00:21:12.800 attention to the

00:21:13.460 safety demonstration

00:21:14.200 on a flight.

00:21:15.300 Most of the time,

00:21:16.060 you'll probably be

00:21:16.840 fine, but what if

00:21:18.120 one day that weird

00:21:19.160 yellow mask drops

00:21:20.080 down from overhead,

00:21:21.000 and you have no

00:21:21.960 idea what to do?

00:21:22.780 In our hyper-connected

00:21:24.100 world, your digital

00:21:25.080 privacy isn't just

00:21:26.040 a luxury, it's a

00:21:27.240 fundamental right.

00:21:28.200 Every time you

00:21:28.720 connect to an

00:21:29.260 unsecured network

00:21:30.160 in a cafe, hotel,

00:21:31.640 or airport, you're

00:21:32.660 essentially broadcasting

00:21:33.640 your personal

00:21:34.200 information to anyone

00:21:35.440 with a technical

00:21:36.160 know-how to intercept

00:21:37.200 it.

00:21:37.520 And let's be clear,

00:21:38.380 it doesn't take a

00:21:39.240 genius hacker to do

00:21:40.100 this.

00:21:40.720 With some off-the-shelf

00:21:41.700 hardware, even a

00:21:42.660 tech-savvy teenager

00:21:43.700 could potentially

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00:23:56.580 All right.

00:23:57.780 So, the Taoists believe

00:24:00.320 that reality is made out

00:24:03.760 of chaos and order.

00:24:06.320 It's yin and yang.

00:24:08.760 And so, what's chaos?

00:24:10.620 Well, I'll tell you a bunch

00:24:12.540 of things that chaos and

00:24:14.960 order are.

00:24:16.140 Because that'll, you can

00:24:18.020 only get a sense of it by

00:24:19.680 seeing it from different

00:24:22.960 angles.

00:24:23.580 That's really the right

00:24:24.720 way of conceptualizing it.

00:24:27.620 So, chaos and order are

00:24:30.760 unexplored territory and

00:24:32.380 explored territory.

00:24:34.100 That's a good way of

00:24:35.020 thinking about it.

00:24:35.880 It's a biological way of

00:24:37.140 thinking about it.

00:24:37.740 So, animals have an

00:24:38.940 explored territory and

00:24:40.380 they're very protective of

00:24:41.460 that.

00:24:41.940 You know, animals in zoos,

00:24:42.940 for example, everybody

00:24:43.640 thinks, well, the animals

00:24:44.520 don't like to be in the

00:24:45.360 zoo.

00:24:45.640 It's like, for most

00:24:46.900 animals, if you open the

00:24:48.620 door to the cage, they

00:24:50.520 stay in the cage.

00:24:51.860 That's home.

00:24:53.220 And you know, if you have

00:24:53.880 a cat, some of you have

00:24:54.920 had cats and you've taken

00:24:56.000 your cat to a new house,

00:24:57.500 the cats don't like that.

00:24:59.520 The cat's pretty happy in

00:25:00.940 its house because it's

00:25:01.760 going around the house and

00:25:02.840 it's sniffed out every

00:25:03.900 nook and cranny in that

00:25:05.680 house.

00:25:05.980 And it knows that there

00:25:06.800 isn't anything there that

00:25:07.620 eats cats.

00:25:08.840 And so it's quite happy to

00:25:11.360 be in that house.

00:25:12.000 But then you take the cat

00:25:12.900 to a new house and that

00:25:14.400 cat isn't happy.

00:25:15.560 If it's a neurotic cat, it

00:25:16.720 will go under the couch and

00:25:18.100 it will yowl for a day or

00:25:19.500 two before it comes out

00:25:20.660 because it thinks, there's

00:25:22.540 probably things, there are

00:25:23.800 things that eat cats and

00:25:25.340 there's probably some of

00:25:26.200 them in this house because

00:25:27.100 that's the right default

00:25:28.280 assumption, right?

00:25:29.480 If you're small and edible,

00:25:31.300 the right default assumption

00:25:37.220 is that wherever you go

00:25:38.760 that's new, something that

00:25:40.340 eats you is there.

00:25:42.300 And so cats like explored

00:25:44.420 territory and when you put

00:25:45.700 them in unexplored territory,

00:25:47.440 then they get terrified.

00:25:49.080 And that's just exactly what

00:25:50.620 human beings are like too.

00:25:52.640 And so part of the reason

00:25:54.000 that we don't go places that

00:25:56.300 we don't understand

00:25:57.400 physically often, most of

00:25:59.980 you don't attend biker bars

00:26:01.660 despite your reputation.

00:26:09.960 And if you do, like more

00:26:11.500 power to you as far as I'm

00:26:12.820 concerned, you know, the

00:26:14.520 world needs bikers too.

00:26:16.720 Most of you don't go there

00:26:18.040 because that's unexplored

00:26:19.140 territory, that's just a good

00:26:20.340 place to get into trouble.

00:26:21.560 And so you just don't go

00:26:22.480 there.

00:26:23.160 By the same token, you

00:26:24.420 tend not to go places that

00:26:25.660 are outside of your sphere

00:26:27.400 of conceptual familiarity

00:26:29.160 for exactly the same

00:26:30.560 reason.

00:26:31.200 You don't like to go places

00:26:32.520 that are too strange,

00:26:33.920 especially accidentally.

00:26:36.020 You know, like if you go

00:26:36.800 there on purpose and it's

00:26:38.500 part of an exploratory

00:26:39.520 endeavor, then that can be

00:26:40.540 an adventure.

00:26:41.160 But to be dropped there,

00:26:42.580 no, that's not good.

00:26:44.300 That's good.

00:26:45.260 One of the things that I've

00:26:46.340 come to think about as a

00:26:47.460 psychologist is the default

00:26:49.220 human condition.

00:26:50.500 So imagine this, you know,

00:26:51.860 maybe you think you're sort

00:26:53.060 of a calm person.

00:26:54.260 You're not.

00:26:54.940 You're just, you're just

00:26:56.560 mostly in very safe places.

00:26:59.580 Okay.

00:26:59.980 That's a very big difference.

00:27:01.760 So the default human being,

00:27:03.920 so imagine that you were

00:27:04.980 woken up at three o'clock in

00:27:06.380 the morning and you're

00:27:07.360 stripped naked and you're

00:27:08.280 taken in a helicopter and

00:27:09.400 you're dropped into the

00:27:10.680 jungle at night naked.

00:27:13.180 Okay.

00:27:13.680 That's what you're actually

00:27:15.000 like.

00:27:16.040 All right.

00:27:17.480 That's life.

00:27:20.000 That's life.

00:27:20.760 And the fact that you're not

00:27:22.340 like that all the time means

00:27:24.600 that you're somewhere that's

00:27:25.640 so safe that it's just

00:27:27.040 absolutely beyond comprehension.

00:27:29.540 And that's our, so like being

00:27:30.760 in this hall, being in this

00:27:31.880 hall is a really good example

00:27:32.920 of that.

00:27:33.380 It's so safe here.

00:27:35.300 You know, despite what the

00:27:37.060 protesters were claiming,

00:27:38.400 it's very safe here.

00:27:40.400 And so there's like 3,000 people

00:27:41.940 here about and something like

00:27:43.620 that.

00:27:43.960 And none of you know each other.

00:27:45.220 I know some of you know each

00:27:46.160 other a little bit, but

00:27:46.840 fundamentally it's a whole room

00:27:48.420 full of strangers.

00:27:49.280 But we all believe the same

00:27:50.420 thing enough so that we can

00:27:53.500 all sit here and do the same

00:27:55.100 thing enough so that none of

00:27:57.400 us have to be in that state

00:27:58.620 that we would be in if we were

00:28:00.380 stripped naked and dropped

00:28:01.300 into the jungle.

00:28:02.600 And the reason that is the

00:28:04.840 case is because we all share

00:28:06.160 a belief system and we're all

00:28:07.260 acting it out at the same

00:28:08.160 time.

00:28:08.620 Notice everybody's facing the

00:28:10.080 front in this theater.

00:28:12.000 Right.

00:28:12.940 And nobody is acting, as far as

00:28:16.240 I can tell, erratically.

00:28:18.420 And if anyone was, you'd be

00:28:20.260 very uncomfortable about it.

00:28:21.560 Very uncomfortable about it.

00:28:22.840 So every single one of us in

00:28:24.680 here is imitating everyone

00:28:26.300 else.

00:28:26.980 And the reason we're doing

00:28:27.760 that is to keep the

00:28:28.980 existential terror at bay.

00:28:33.280 Really.

00:28:34.360 Really.

00:28:37.420 Look, I'll give you an

00:28:38.400 example.

00:28:39.040 I'll give you an example.

00:28:40.020 So this is a way that

00:28:41.360 psychologists made a mistake.

00:28:42.900 They've made lots of

00:28:43.620 mistakes.

00:28:44.320 But they've learned a lot.

00:28:45.740 But they've made lots of

00:28:46.400 mistakes.

00:28:46.700 So the behavioral

00:28:48.400 psychologists thought that

00:28:50.220 fear was learned.

00:28:52.700 Okay.

00:28:52.880 So here's how they figured

00:28:54.060 that out.

00:28:54.980 Mostly studying animals.

00:28:56.560 And animals are quite a lot

00:28:57.560 like people.

00:28:58.500 Or at least you think

00:28:59.880 psychologists study rats and

00:29:01.420 they're not much like people.

00:29:02.540 It's like a rat is more like

00:29:03.640 a person than your idea of a

00:29:05.320 person is like a person.

00:29:07.380 And so rats make perfectly,

00:29:09.200 even though they're not

00:29:09.820 perfect.

00:29:10.840 Rats are a complicated thing.

00:29:13.340 You try building one at your

00:29:14.720 kitchen.

00:29:15.160 It's very hard to build a rat.

00:29:16.520 It's very complicated.

00:29:18.020 And so a rat's a pretty good

00:29:19.060 model for a person.

00:29:19.920 So you have a lab rat and

00:29:21.760 he's in his cage.

00:29:22.800 Which makes him kind of a

00:29:23.940 strange thing to begin with

00:29:25.100 because rats don't live

00:29:26.260 solitary lives in cages.

00:29:27.760 They live fully engaged

00:29:29.120 social lives in rat

00:29:30.740 hierarchies.

00:29:31.920 So a lab rat's kind of a

00:29:33.440 weird thing.

00:29:34.240 It's like, it would be like

00:29:35.420 you would be if you were in

00:29:36.800 solitary confinement.

00:29:38.420 And, you know, well there's a

00:29:39.740 person in a box.

00:29:41.180 It's like, well people don't

00:29:42.000 live in boxes.

00:29:42.640 So you can't even be a person

00:29:44.480 in a box, really.

00:29:46.060 So you could live, you could

00:29:47.480 exist, but you're not a

00:29:48.720 person in a box.

00:29:49.740 You're a pretty, pretty

00:29:51.020 peculiar thing.

00:29:52.060 But be that as it may.

00:29:54.600 You've got your rat and he's

00:29:55.720 in his cage.

00:29:56.640 And this is his home cage.

00:29:58.500 He knows it.

00:29:59.560 And so you watch that rat and

00:30:00.980 you think, that's a normal

00:30:01.780 rat.

00:30:02.700 And then you want to train the

00:30:04.040 rat to be afraid.

00:30:05.180 And so what you do is, the

00:30:07.080 behavioral idea was that rats

00:30:09.560 could feel pain and then that

00:30:10.940 they could learn what signaled

00:30:12.760 pain and what they would

00:30:14.120 manifest to the signal of

00:30:15.580 pain would be fear or

00:30:16.880 anxiety.

00:30:17.740 So that's how it was

00:30:18.300 learned.

00:30:18.940 So what you do to scare a

00:30:20.660 rat, this is how you can

00:30:21.780 scare a rat if you need to

00:30:22.720 scare one.

00:30:23.200 If you've got a box, put the

00:30:24.900 rat in.

00:30:26.040 You can electrify the bottom

00:30:27.440 of the cage a little bit.

00:30:28.740 Give them a shock.

00:30:30.240 And so not too bad a shock,

00:30:31.440 but, and then you turn a

00:30:32.480 light on just before the

00:30:33.480 shock happens.

00:30:34.680 And then you do that like

00:30:35.780 50 times and then as soon

00:30:37.460 as the light goes on, the

00:30:38.360 rat goes like this.

00:30:39.280 Yes, because the rat learns

00:30:40.300 that the light signifies

00:30:41.360 shock and then the rat

00:30:42.760 manifests anxiety or fear

00:30:44.520 to the light, so it's

00:30:45.340 learned to be afraid.

00:30:46.720 And so that's the theory.

00:30:47.740 You've got your calm

00:30:48.380 rat, you teach him how to

00:30:50.460 be afraid.

00:30:51.620 And the real rat's the

00:30:53.040 calm rat and you teach

00:30:54.380 him how to be afraid.

00:30:55.500 But that's actually not the

00:30:56.840 way rats work.

00:30:58.160 It's backwards.

00:30:59.860 Because if you take a rat

00:31:01.180 by the tail and you move

00:31:04.100 him to a new cage, you

00:31:05.900 don't have to electrify the

00:31:07.160 floor for him to be

00:31:09.620 afraid.

00:31:10.460 As soon as you put the

00:31:11.360 rat in the cage that he

00:31:12.960 hasn't been in, this is

00:31:15.000 the rat.

00:31:15.860 He's frozen.

00:31:16.960 He doesn't move.

00:31:19.500 And that's because rats

00:31:21.360 know that predators can

00:31:22.800 see things that move,

00:31:23.880 especially horizontally.

00:31:25.440 That's why a cat's eyes

00:31:26.300 are slit, by the way.

00:31:27.800 Because it can detect

00:31:28.840 horizontal movement better

00:31:30.740 because most of the

00:31:31.840 things that cats eat, like

00:31:33.240 rats, move horizontally.

00:31:34.640 And so rats that don't

00:31:36.240 die of being eaten by

00:31:37.240 cats learn that if you

00:31:38.940 don't know where the

00:31:39.480 hell you are, then you

00:31:40.620 should just do this.

00:31:42.660 Right.

00:31:43.580 Frozen in terror.

00:31:45.760 Okay, so then that's the

00:31:47.100 rat.

00:31:47.420 That's the rat, man.

00:31:48.540 When he doesn't know

00:31:49.780 anything, when a rat

00:31:51.660 doesn't know anything,

00:31:52.780 that's the real rat.

00:31:54.300 When a rat hasn't learned

00:31:55.380 anything, then he doesn't

00:31:57.000 risk moving.

00:31:58.800 That's life.

00:32:01.420 So you don't have to

00:32:02.280 learn fear.

00:32:04.500 You learn the opposite

00:32:05.480 of fear.

00:32:06.480 You learn security.

00:32:08.520 You don't learn fear.

00:32:10.340 And you learn security by

00:32:11.800 incorporating a belief

00:32:13.140 system.

00:32:14.220 And that belief system is

00:32:15.260 a belief system that you

00:32:16.080 share with everyone else

00:32:17.140 if your society is working

00:32:18.580 well.

00:32:19.380 And then you have the

00:32:20.500 belief system and so does

00:32:22.060 everyone else.

00:32:22.840 And the belief system then

00:32:24.080 matches what everyone

00:32:25.260 else does.

00:32:26.280 And so you don't have to

00:32:27.180 be terrified out of your

00:32:28.160 skull.

00:32:29.760 And so that's why

00:32:30.480 everybody acts the same,

00:32:31.960 roughly speaking.

00:32:33.520 So that we don't have to.

00:32:34.720 And that's why you even

00:32:35.480 act the same as you

00:32:36.400 acted yesterday or the

00:32:38.000 day before.

00:32:38.640 You actually don't want

00:32:39.780 to scare yourself too

00:32:40.900 badly.

00:32:41.720 I'm dead serious about

00:32:43.180 this, man.

00:32:43.980 Dead serious.

00:32:45.320 Take a naive person.

00:32:48.460 Give them a little

00:32:49.060 military training.

00:32:50.880 Put them out on the

00:32:51.660 battlefield.

00:32:53.520 Let them come in

00:32:54.680 contact with some of

00:32:55.740 the things that lurk

00:32:56.600 inside of them.

00:32:58.400 They go out on the

00:32:59.320 battlefield and they do

00:33:00.200 some things they didn't

00:33:01.200 think they could do.

00:33:03.060 They get post-traumatic

00:33:04.200 stress disorder.

00:33:06.040 Right.

00:33:06.820 Because they learn that

00:33:07.960 they have no idea who

00:33:09.500 they are.

00:33:10.360 And they have no idea

00:33:11.720 what they can do.

00:33:13.200 And they learn that

00:33:14.040 they were acting like

00:33:15.480 they always acted,

00:33:16.540 partly so they didn't

00:33:17.720 terrify themselves out

00:33:19.420 of their skulls.

00:33:21.140 And that's the human

00:33:22.100 condition.

00:33:22.940 And so part of the

00:33:23.940 reason that we're

00:33:24.520 conventional and that

00:33:26.020 we adopt routines and

00:33:27.580 that we mirror those

00:33:28.880 routines with everyone

00:33:29.740 else is because not

00:33:31.000 only do we not want

00:33:32.080 other people to scare

00:33:33.060 us too badly, we

00:33:34.560 don't want ourselves

00:33:35.440 to scare us too

00:33:36.380 badly.

00:33:37.020 And it's a real

00:33:38.260 issue.

00:33:39.780 You know, people

00:33:40.480 develop post-traumatic

00:33:41.360 soldiers in particular,

00:33:42.380 but people in general,

00:33:44.020 in general, develop

00:33:45.540 post-traumatic stress

00:33:46.460 disorder not because

00:33:47.300 something terrible

00:33:47.980 happened to them.

00:33:48.580 That's not enough.

00:33:49.780 And you know that

00:33:50.620 because lots of

00:33:51.260 terrible things are

00:33:51.960 going to happen to

00:33:52.440 all of you.

00:33:53.180 And most of you

00:33:53.720 aren't going to

00:33:54.240 develop post-traumatic

00:33:55.060 stress disorder from it.

00:33:56.500 So it isn't mere

00:33:57.040 tragedy that will do

00:33:58.120 it.

00:33:59.260 Malevolence does it.

00:34:00.740 And sometimes it's

00:34:01.580 because you encountered

00:34:03.220 someone malevolent and

00:34:04.320 maybe you were a little

00:34:05.040 naively unprepared for it

00:34:06.940 and so that just blows

00:34:08.060 you into bits.

00:34:08.960 Or you encounter it

00:34:10.280 within yourself.

00:34:12.280 So, back to the rat.

00:34:17.200 So, he's frozen.

00:34:21.300 He's frozen in apprehension

00:34:23.400 of what might lurk beyond.

00:34:25.940 That's the chaos right now.

00:34:27.740 He's in chaos, that rat.

00:34:29.460 He's got no order

00:34:30.220 whatsoever.

00:34:31.400 And as a consequence,

00:34:32.420 he's gripped and frozen

00:34:33.740 in place.

00:34:35.280 And then what does he do?

00:34:36.540 Well, he can't move

00:34:37.360 because if he moves,

00:34:38.840 then he might get eaten.

00:34:40.660 It's like a little kid.

00:34:42.360 You know, when little kids,

00:34:43.800 little kids when they're

00:34:44.620 like six months old,

00:34:45.640 four months old,

00:34:46.220 they don't have any fear.

00:34:47.820 They don't develop fear

00:34:48.840 until they can start to move.

00:34:50.440 That's when the anxiety

00:34:52.080 circuits kick in.

00:34:53.340 Well, what good is it

00:34:54.260 being afraid if you can't

00:34:56.280 move anyways?

00:34:57.220 It's not helpful.

00:34:59.020 Right?

00:34:59.280 So, but once you can move,

00:35:00.740 you cannot move.

00:35:02.600 And so you need,

00:35:03.860 you need the not move,

00:35:07.320 not move circuit

00:35:09.340 to be activated.

00:35:10.860 You know, I don't remember,

00:35:12.400 if you remember that,

00:35:13.520 there's a famous

00:35:14.200 Far Side cartoon,

00:35:16.180 Monster Snorkel.

00:35:17.840 It's this little kid

00:35:18.680 under covers on his bed.

00:35:20.320 It's like a turtle.

00:35:21.080 He's completely underneath there

00:35:22.080 and he's got like a pipe

00:35:23.420 going out so he can breathe.

00:35:24.960 Of course, there's monsters

00:35:25.820 everywhere in the dark

00:35:26.820 around him.

00:35:27.700 Monster Snorkel.

00:35:28.900 It's like, yeah,

00:35:29.500 that's the world of childhood

00:35:31.220 and that's because

00:35:31.900 the child in his bed

00:35:33.920 in the dark

00:35:34.560 is the same creature

00:35:36.580 as the rat

00:35:37.340 in the new cage.

00:35:38.780 And the child's imagination

00:35:40.040 populates the dark

00:35:41.280 with monsters.

00:35:42.620 And you might say

00:35:43.180 to your child,

00:35:43.720 well, there's no monsters

00:35:44.500 in the dark.

00:35:45.680 But you know,

00:35:46.080 that's stupid.

00:35:52.960 Right?

00:35:53.620 You all know why.

00:35:55.120 That's right,

00:35:55.500 because no kidding,

00:35:56.320 there's plenty of monsters

00:35:57.260 in the dark.

00:35:57.880 Now, it might be the case

00:35:58.940 that right then and there

00:36:00.740 because of the walls

00:36:02.060 that you put up,

00:36:03.860 you notice there's walls

00:36:04.840 in your house, right?

00:36:05.720 They keep the roof on

00:36:06.700 and they keep the monsters out.

00:36:10.100 That's why you have walls.

00:36:11.360 And then, of course,

00:36:12.760 there's walls around everything.

00:36:14.200 There's walls around the state.

00:36:15.640 That's the army

00:36:16.340 to keep the monsters out.

00:36:17.840 And so, the child

00:36:18.700 knows perfectly well

00:36:19.540 that the dark

00:36:20.060 is full of monsters.

00:36:21.340 And you know

00:36:22.300 that none of them

00:36:23.080 happen to be in his room

00:36:24.540 at that moment.

00:36:26.500 But that's cold comfort

00:36:27.940 for the child

00:36:28.640 because their ancestral wisdom

00:36:32.120 populates their imagination

00:36:33.800 with the monsters

00:36:34.660 of the dark.

00:36:36.480 You know,

00:36:36.680 and so you don't actually

00:36:37.620 tell your child

00:36:38.560 that there are no monsters

00:36:40.180 in the dark.

00:36:41.180 What you might do

00:36:42.100 is get them out of bed

00:36:43.160 and have them look

00:36:43.840 under the bed

00:36:44.400 and have them look

00:36:45.060 in the closet

00:36:45.560 and look and explore around

00:36:47.320 and to see for themselves

00:36:49.300 that everything's okay.

00:36:50.420 But more importantly,

00:36:51.360 to see for themselves

00:36:52.380 that they're the sort of creature

00:36:53.580 who can go out in the dark

00:36:54.700 and see if the monsters

00:36:56.240 are there

00:36:56.960 and prevail.

00:36:58.700 Because you cannot teach

00:36:59.920 your child

00:37:00.520 that life is safe

00:37:01.860 because it's not.

00:37:03.500 But you can teach them

00:37:04.560 that they're brave enough

00:37:05.800 to prevail,

00:37:07.120 which is an entirely

00:37:08.180 different thing.

00:37:09.740 Yes, there are monsters

00:37:10.680 in the dark,

00:37:11.320 but you can handle them.

00:37:13.920 That's way different.

00:37:15.720 It's way different.

00:37:16.560 And if you're a psychotherapist

00:37:19.080 with a shred of credibility,

00:37:21.280 you never...

00:37:22.280 It doesn't work anyways.

00:37:23.480 If you have people

00:37:24.180 who come to you

00:37:24.660 with agoraphobia

00:37:25.400 or obsessive-compulsive disorder

00:37:27.040 or post-traumatic stress disorder,

00:37:29.320 telling them

00:37:29.880 that they're exaggerating

00:37:31.160 the danger

00:37:31.840 is of zero utility.

00:37:34.460 It doesn't work a bit.

00:37:36.600 What you do

00:37:38.100 is you help them learn

00:37:39.660 to confront the things

00:37:41.000 they're afraid of voluntarily

00:37:42.340 or disgusted by.

00:37:44.440 It's another variation

00:37:45.360 of negative emotion,

00:37:46.440 more relevant

00:37:47.280 to obsessive-compulsive disorder.

00:37:49.080 You don't teach them

00:37:49.940 that the world is safe.

00:37:50.780 You teach them

00:37:51.300 that they're a lot tougher

00:37:52.300 than they think.

00:37:54.040 And that's a way better lesson

00:37:55.580 because the world

00:37:56.340 is not safe.

00:37:57.640 And you are way tougher

00:37:59.460 than you think.

00:38:00.880 So that's a very,

00:38:02.340 very good thing.

00:38:03.020 That's the optimism

00:38:03.920 that's sort of at the bottom

00:38:05.140 of all this pessimism.

00:38:06.620 So the rat,

00:38:08.560 frozen.

00:38:11.120 Who knows

00:38:11.760 what the rat is imagining?

00:38:13.700 Rats are

00:38:14.660 intrinsically afraid

00:38:18.860 of cat odor,

00:38:19.840 even if a rat

00:38:20.480 has never, ever seen a cat

00:38:22.080 or smelled one.

00:38:23.080 If you

00:38:23.540 put a fan behind a cat

00:38:26.800 and blow the cat odor

00:38:27.980 towards the rat,

00:38:28.800 it'll freeze.

00:38:29.460 It doesn't matter

00:38:29.920 if it's ever seen a rat.

00:38:30.800 We're like that

00:38:31.360 with snakes, by the way.

00:38:32.980 We're actually,

00:38:33.640 we're actually

00:38:34.820 biologically wired

00:38:36.180 to be afraid of

00:38:37.180 of snakes.

00:38:38.940 So that's only been established,

00:38:40.520 I would say,

00:38:40.860 in about the last

00:38:41.360 10 or 15 years.

00:38:42.660 So that's quite interesting.

00:38:44.020 So we have this capacity

00:38:45.520 to populate the darkness

00:38:46.860 with the monsters

00:38:48.120 that have been our enemies

00:38:50.000 for God only knows how long,

00:38:52.220 millions of years.

00:38:53.540 And that's what happens

00:38:54.220 in a child's imagination

00:38:55.160 when he or she

00:38:56.300 is afraid of the dark.

00:38:57.360 So the rat

00:38:58.040 is standing there,

00:39:01.760 frozen,

00:39:02.020 and nothing happens.

00:39:05.100 And that's a form

00:39:06.000 of exploration, right?

00:39:07.660 Because

00:39:08.060 if you're frozen

00:39:10.080 in terror

00:39:10.660 and nothing happens,

00:39:13.120 you're noticing.

00:39:14.740 And so what you're learning

00:39:15.540 is that,

00:39:16.280 well, as long as I stand here

00:39:17.180 frozen in terror,

00:39:17.900 nothing is eating me.

00:39:19.380 And so that's actually

00:39:20.280 a form of safety, right?

00:39:21.840 Because you're not being eaten

00:39:23.060 at that moment.

00:39:23.940 So

00:39:24.020 evidently,

00:39:26.380 the place that you are now,

00:39:27.940 that you don't know

00:39:28.580 anything about,

00:39:29.160 is the sort of place

00:39:30.440 where if you stand

00:39:31.320 frozen in terror,

00:39:32.860 nothing tears you to shreds.

00:39:34.720 And that's actually

00:39:35.500 good news.

00:39:38.480 So you can start

00:39:39.200 to relax a little bit,

00:39:40.240 not much,

00:39:40.820 a little bit.

00:39:41.660 And so the rat

00:39:42.220 starts to relax

00:39:42.980 and the first thing

00:39:43.540 he does is sniff.

00:39:44.840 And rats use their

00:39:46.240 olfactory system

00:39:47.800 far more than

00:39:48.460 human beings do.

00:39:49.680 Most animals' brains

00:39:51.180 are organized around smell.

00:39:52.460 Ours are organized

00:39:53.180 around vision.

00:39:53.880 But that's not the case

00:39:54.620 for most animals.

00:39:55.580 So the rat will start

00:39:56.380 to sniff.

00:39:57.460 And then if he can't

00:39:58.140 smell anything

00:39:58.680 that signifies danger,

00:40:00.180 then he'll sniff more

00:40:01.180 and he'll start

00:40:01.580 to move his head.

00:40:02.560 And then he starts

00:40:03.200 to sort of thaw out

00:40:04.220 and he'll make

00:40:04.600 little movements

00:40:05.140 and eventually

00:40:07.160 he'll start to explore

00:40:08.100 his whole cage.

00:40:09.320 And then when he

00:40:10.320 explores his whole cage

00:40:11.360 and nothing eats him

00:40:13.000 and nothing scares him,

00:40:15.020 then he'll calm down.

00:40:17.040 Then a behavioral psychologist

00:40:18.440 can come along

00:40:19.060 and teach him

00:40:19.440 how to be afraid.

00:40:23.380 Right.

00:40:23.980 But the thing is

00:40:25.140 it's really important

00:40:26.000 that the psychologist

00:40:27.500 got it backwards.

00:40:29.500 Because safety,

00:40:30.760 calmness,

00:40:32.060 security

00:40:32.400 is not the default condition.

00:40:35.560 It's learned.

00:40:36.740 And when you become afraid,

00:40:38.040 what you do

00:40:38.380 is unlearn it.

00:40:39.440 And you can unlearn

00:40:40.260 all of it.

00:40:40.780 If you unlearn all of it,

00:40:41.660 you end up agoraphobic

00:40:42.680 or you have severe

00:40:43.960 obsessive-compulsive disorder

00:40:45.180 or something like that.

00:40:46.220 You can unlearn all of it.

00:40:48.220 Trauma will do that to you.

00:40:49.460 Sometimes a physical illness

00:40:50.500 will do that.

00:40:51.320 A big enough shock

00:40:52.240 will do that.

00:40:53.080 There's lots of things

00:40:53.740 that will do it.

00:40:54.280 So,

00:40:56.540 okay.

00:41:02.620 So the rat

00:41:03.480 is in chaos

00:41:04.740 and then

00:41:05.200 he builds himself

00:41:06.380 a little

00:41:06.740 structure of order.

00:41:08.780 Then he's calm.

00:41:10.140 But the chaos

00:41:10.760 is still there

00:41:11.520 because it never

00:41:12.620 goes away.

00:41:14.420 Okay,

00:41:14.680 now I said already

00:41:15.600 rats

00:41:16.920 don't live

00:41:17.740 in isolation.

00:41:19.560 They live in

00:41:20.420 complex social groups.

00:41:21.780 Now I made some

00:41:23.500 reference to this

00:41:24.880 in

00:41:25.220 12 Rules for Life

00:41:27.020 in the first rule

00:41:27.760 stand up straight

00:41:29.040 with your shoulders back

00:41:29.860 when I was talking

00:41:30.440 about hierarchies.

00:41:31.840 And I was talking

00:41:32.840 about hierarchies

00:41:33.500 for a reason.

00:41:34.400 It wasn't

00:41:34.820 to justify

00:41:36.040 first of all

00:41:36.880 it wasn't

00:41:37.680 it wasn't

00:41:39.440 to prove

00:41:40.120 they were inevitable.

00:41:41.920 That chapter

00:41:42.500 has been criticized

00:41:43.160 a lot by the

00:41:43.980 people who

00:41:45.020 have gone after me

00:41:46.600 in the press

00:41:47.660 let's say.

00:41:48.440 Peterson is

00:41:49.100 justifying the

00:41:50.000 patriarchy

00:41:50.580 or justifying

00:41:51.660 the hierarchy.

00:41:52.740 It's like

00:41:52.940 number one

00:41:54.200 noticing something

00:41:55.980 exists

00:41:56.780 is not the same

00:41:58.640 as justifying it.

00:42:00.600 Okay,

00:42:00.860 so that's important.

00:42:02.520 Now so

00:42:02.920 I notice

00:42:03.760 that hierarchies

00:42:04.760 exist.

00:42:05.500 Now you wouldn't

00:42:05.940 think that'd be

00:42:06.460 too much of a problem

00:42:07.540 since it's also

00:42:08.840 the proclivity

00:42:10.240 of the left-wing

00:42:11.660 radicals

00:42:12.340 that have gone

00:42:13.120 after me

00:42:13.520 to also notice

00:42:14.680 that hierarchies

00:42:15.540 exist.

00:42:16.360 In fact

00:42:16.660 that's all they do.

00:42:17.640 They just spend

00:42:18.180 all their time

00:42:19.020 noticing that

00:42:20.060 hierarchies exist.

00:42:22.080 Now

00:42:22.380 they have a problem.

00:42:32.260 Okay,

00:42:32.980 so

00:42:33.140 they have a problem.

00:42:35.300 They think that

00:42:35.960 hierarchies

00:42:36.620 oppress

00:42:37.080 and dispossess.

00:42:41.260 That's true.

00:42:42.860 They do.

00:42:44.760 One of the reasons

00:42:45.700 that I wrote

00:42:46.280 the first chapter

00:42:47.040 was because

00:42:47.640 let's say

00:42:49.040 you are

00:42:49.520 a compassionate

00:42:51.540 person

00:42:52.020 and you're also

00:42:53.000 a good person.

00:42:54.380 Those are not

00:42:55.320 the same thing.

00:42:56.820 Just because

00:42:57.500 you feel sorry

00:42:58.420 for someone

00:42:59.080 does not mean

00:43:00.260 you're good.

00:43:01.660 Good is way

00:43:02.520 harder than

00:43:03.180 just feeling

00:43:04.020 sorry for someone.

00:43:05.280 So if you're

00:43:05.720 running around

00:43:06.180 patting yourself

00:43:06.860 on the back

00:43:07.440 because you feel

00:43:08.300 sorry for people

00:43:09.100 you're like

00:43:10.060 one percent

00:43:10.600 of the way

00:43:10.940 to being a good

00:43:11.460 person.

00:43:11.820 that's it.

00:43:13.700 So

00:43:13.880 and it's

00:43:18.840 partly because

00:43:19.520 it's partly

00:43:20.480 because

00:43:20.880 feeling sorry

00:43:21.740 for people

00:43:22.200 can actually

00:43:22.660 be really

00:43:23.320 damaging to

00:43:24.060 them.

00:43:24.840 Like if you

00:43:25.180 feel too

00:43:25.720 sorry for

00:43:26.180 people

00:43:26.420 if you

00:43:26.700 treat them

00:43:27.040 like they're

00:43:27.360 too fragile

00:43:28.040 and over

00:43:28.880 protect them

00:43:29.400 you do

00:43:29.700 them a

00:43:30.020 terrible

00:43:30.460 disservice.

00:43:31.140 That's

00:43:31.280 especially

00:43:31.620 true if

00:43:32.000 they happen

00:43:32.320 to be

00:43:32.520 your

00:43:32.660 children.

00:43:33.380 So not

00:43:33.700 only are

00:43:34.080 you not

00:43:34.400 a good

00:43:34.680 person

00:43:35.020 just because

00:43:36.200 you're

00:43:36.400 compassionate

00:43:36.800 you might

00:43:37.520 be a bad

00:43:38.160 person

00:43:38.560 because you're

00:43:39.100 too

00:43:39.320 compassionate.

00:43:39.840 That happens

00:43:40.920 a lot.

00:43:41.760 I noticed

00:43:42.460 in my

00:43:42.800 clinical

00:43:43.080 practice

00:43:43.580 for example

00:43:44.080 no client

00:43:45.360 I ever had

00:43:45.960 came and

00:43:46.360 told me

00:43:46.760 I need

00:43:47.420 to see

00:43:47.660 a psychologist

00:43:48.200 because my

00:43:48.860 parents made

00:43:49.400 me too

00:43:49.740 independent.

00:43:50.940 That never

00:43:51.820 happened.

00:43:53.100 Right.

00:43:53.760 It never

00:43:54.260 happened.

00:43:54.880 But the

00:43:55.280 reverse

00:43:55.900 happened a

00:43:57.120 lot.

00:43:58.340 You know

00:43:58.600 I can't

00:43:59.180 get away

00:43:59.580 from the

00:44:00.720 stifling

00:44:01.480 milieu of

00:44:02.220 my family.

00:44:03.640 Right.

00:44:04.260 That happened

00:44:04.780 a lot

00:44:05.300 and it's

00:44:06.020 crushing.

00:44:07.220 So

00:44:07.320 alright.

00:44:09.520 So

00:44:09.640 back to

00:44:11.180 hierarchies.

00:44:12.640 Rats

00:44:12.920 live in

00:44:13.280 hierarchies.

00:44:15.460 It's an

00:44:16.220 important

00:44:16.500 observation

00:44:17.100 that rats

00:44:17.980 live in

00:44:18.280 hierarchies

00:44:18.660 because

00:44:18.960 the radical

00:44:21.040 leftists

00:44:21.660 for example

00:44:22.300 who are

00:44:23.140 upset about

00:44:23.820 the fact

00:44:24.200 that hierarchies

00:44:25.020 exist and

00:44:26.260 dispossess

00:44:26.940 people

00:44:27.360 and that

00:44:28.460 they produce

00:44:28.880 unequal

00:44:29.240 distribution

00:44:29.760 of resources

00:44:30.360 they have

00:44:33.680 a point.

00:44:34.840 But they're

00:44:35.340 not very

00:44:35.720 serious about

00:44:36.580 what they're

00:44:37.000 doing.

00:44:37.740 That's the

00:44:38.240 thing.

00:44:38.500 That's what

00:44:39.180 bothers me

00:44:39.800 because it

00:44:40.440 actually is a

00:44:41.020 big problem

00:44:41.540 that hierarchies

00:44:42.260 dispossess and

00:44:42.960 oppress people.

00:44:43.900 It's a

00:44:44.300 really big

00:44:45.200 problem.

00:44:46.340 But it's a

00:44:47.880 way bigger

00:44:48.320 problem than

00:44:49.380 the people

00:44:49.840 who are

00:44:50.220 using that

00:44:51.340 argument to

00:44:52.220 speak for the

00:44:52.900 dispossessed

00:44:53.500 are willing to

00:44:54.420 admit.

00:44:55.500 You take

00:44:55.920 Karl Marx

00:44:56.480 for example.

00:44:58.060 Please.

00:44:59.840 To use an

00:45:00.920 old joke.

00:45:01.520 he believed

00:45:04.300 that you

00:45:05.760 could place

00:45:06.260 the existence

00:45:07.140 of hierarchies

00:45:07.940 that dispossess

00:45:09.000 and oppress

00:45:09.400 at the feet

00:45:10.060 of the

00:45:11.100 West and

00:45:11.680 capitalism.

00:45:13.340 Okay.

00:45:14.060 You can't.

00:45:17.700 Unquestionably

00:45:18.460 that's wrong.

00:45:21.860 And it's

00:45:22.360 wrong in an

00:45:22.920 extraordinarily

00:45:23.400 dangerous way

00:45:24.380 because even

00:45:25.500 if you're

00:45:26.400 concerned about

00:45:26.940 the dispossessed

00:45:27.820 because you're

00:45:29.460 compassionate

00:45:30.000 and you're

00:45:30.720 good.

00:45:31.580 If you think

00:45:32.580 that hierarchical

00:45:34.180 structures exist

00:45:35.100 because of the

00:45:35.700 West and

00:45:36.160 capitalism,

00:45:36.920 you're not

00:45:37.540 going to solve

00:45:38.280 the problem

00:45:39.000 that you set

00:45:39.540 out to solve

00:45:40.260 because hierarchies

00:45:42.100 are way worse

00:45:43.380 problem than

00:45:44.920 the mere West

00:45:45.840 and capitalism.

00:45:47.580 Otherwise,

00:45:48.060 animals wouldn't

00:45:48.680 live in

00:45:48.980 hierarchies.

00:45:50.480 Chimps live

00:45:51.020 in hierarchies.

00:45:51.880 Wolves live

00:45:52.460 in hierarchies.

00:45:54.700 Dogs live

00:45:55.280 in hierarchies.

00:45:56.900 Rats live

00:45:57.500 in hierarchies.

00:45:58.820 Birds live

00:45:59.580 in hierarchies.

00:46:00.640 Lobsters live

00:46:01.500 in hierarchies.

00:46:03.160 Right.

00:46:04.260 Okay.

00:46:05.320 So,

00:46:06.060 why did I

00:46:07.020 pick lobsters?

00:46:08.180 Now,

00:46:08.480 they've haunted

00:46:09.140 me.

00:46:09.420 I'm going to

00:46:09.680 be haunted

00:46:10.180 by lobsters

00:46:10.960 for the rest

00:46:11.420 of my life.

00:46:12.500 Why did I

00:46:13.320 pick lobsters?

00:46:14.320 Well,

00:46:14.680 for a couple

00:46:15.260 of reasons.

00:46:15.680 First of all,

00:46:16.200 we diverged

00:46:16.980 from our

00:46:17.520 common ancestor

00:46:18.460 with crustaceans

00:46:20.520 350 million

00:46:22.220 years ago.

00:46:23.460 So,

00:46:23.820 the fact that

00:46:24.500 they live

00:46:25.100 in hierarchies

00:46:25.940 like we do

00:46:27.120 means that

00:46:28.200 hierarchies

00:46:28.740 have been

00:46:29.020 around for

00:46:29.660 350 million

00:46:31.180 years.

00:46:31.920 That's older

00:46:32.620 than trees.

00:46:33.960 It's older

00:46:34.540 than flowers.

00:46:36.400 It's old.

00:46:38.000 Hierarchies

00:46:38.700 are a permanent

00:46:39.640 structure

00:46:40.480 of reality.

00:46:42.040 That's order.

00:46:43.680 That's the yang

00:46:44.580 part of yin and yang.

00:46:46.140 It's permanent

00:46:46.960 and it's so permanent

00:46:48.060 and this is another

00:46:48.720 reason that I use

00:46:49.440 lobsters is that

00:46:50.220 your nervous system

00:46:51.640 is not only

00:46:53.080 adapted to

00:46:54.020 hierarchies,

00:46:54.640 it's adapted

00:46:55.820 to hierarchies

00:46:56.580 as if there's

00:46:57.160 hardly anything

00:46:57.940 else that's

00:46:58.620 more real.

00:46:59.640 So,

00:46:59.820 here's an example.

00:47:00.940 So,

00:47:01.660 your emotional

00:47:03.020 stability is

00:47:04.060 dependent at

00:47:04.820 least in part

00:47:05.600 on the

00:47:06.960 efficiency

00:47:07.680 with which

00:47:08.460 the lower

00:47:11.140 parts of your

00:47:11.740 brain,

00:47:12.000 the ancient

00:47:12.340 parts of your

00:47:12.880 brain produce

00:47:13.580 the neurochemical

00:47:14.560 serotonin

00:47:15.320 and if you

00:47:16.500 produce enough

00:47:17.120 serotonin

00:47:17.760 then your

00:47:19.900 negative emotions

00:47:20.640 stay pretty

00:47:21.220 nicely under

00:47:21.860 control.

00:47:22.320 So,

00:47:22.760 it's like

00:47:23.060 you're also

00:47:24.680 not too

00:47:25.080 impulsive

00:47:25.520 on the

00:47:25.880 positive

00:47:26.200 emotion

00:47:26.580 front

00:47:26.840 but

00:47:27.060 more

00:47:27.600 importantly

00:47:28.080 you're not

00:47:28.980 in too much

00:47:29.400 emotional pain,

00:47:30.220 you're not

00:47:30.440 too much

00:47:30.780 disgusted and

00:47:31.460 you're not

00:47:31.720 terrified out

00:47:32.340 of your

00:47:32.600 skull.

00:47:33.380 And so,

00:47:33.640 it's actually

00:47:34.000 really important

00:47:34.560 to you that

00:47:34.920 your serotonin

00:47:35.540 levels stay

00:47:36.020 high.

00:47:36.680 It's like

00:47:37.060 more important

00:47:37.700 than anything

00:47:38.220 else.

00:47:39.020 And here's

00:47:39.420 the rub.

00:47:40.500 So,

00:47:40.780 part of the

00:47:41.140 way that your

00:47:41.560 brain determines

00:47:42.240 how much

00:47:42.820 serotonin to

00:47:43.460 produce is by

00:47:44.080 looking at

00:47:44.560 where you fit

00:47:45.160 in the

00:47:45.420 hierarchy.

00:47:46.180 And the

00:47:46.460 higher you

00:47:46.900 are up in

00:47:47.340 the hierarchy

00:47:47.880 the more

00:47:48.240 serotonin you

00:47:48.900 produce.

00:47:49.760 And the

00:47:49.940 reason for

00:47:50.320 that is that

00:47:50.760 your brain

00:47:51.120 assumes that

00:47:51.680 if you're

00:47:51.960 high up in

00:47:52.500 the hierarchy

00:47:53.040 you have

00:47:53.700 lots of

00:47:54.140 friends and

00:47:54.580 you have

00:47:54.760 a pretty

00:47:55.000 comfortable

00:47:55.360 place to

00:47:55.900 live and

00:47:56.160 you have

00:47:56.340 lots of

00:47:56.720 opportunities

00:47:57.260 in front

00:47:57.680 of you and

00:47:58.260 you have

00:47:58.480 resources to

00:47:59.240 draw on if

00:48:00.080 things go to

00:48:00.720 hell.

00:48:01.400 And so,

00:48:01.700 it's okay that

00:48:02.180 you're not

00:48:02.440 terrified out

00:48:03.020 of your

00:48:03.240 skull.

00:48:03.820 But if

00:48:04.020 you're at

00:48:04.260 the bottom

00:48:04.620 of the

00:48:04.880 hierarchy and

00:48:06.260 you don't

00:48:06.500 have any

00:48:06.820 skills and

00:48:07.360 you don't

00:48:07.600 have any

00:48:07.900 employment and

00:48:08.500 you don't

00:48:08.800 have any

00:48:09.140 friends and

00:48:09.860 everything's

00:48:10.340 uncertain as

00:48:11.020 hell,

00:48:11.540 then your

00:48:18.240 worse than

00:48:18.620 that because

00:48:19.100 if you're

00:48:19.780 overcome by

00:48:20.340 anxiety and

00:48:20.920 terror,

00:48:21.360 and you don't

00:48:21.680 get a lot of

00:48:22.140 positive emotion

00:48:22.780 out of that by

00:48:23.360 the way,

00:48:24.000 if you're

00:48:24.320 overcome by

00:48:24.900 anxiety and

00:48:25.460 terror you

00:48:25.840 produce a

00:48:26.300 tremendous amount

00:48:27.060 of the stress

00:48:27.640 hormone cortisol

00:48:28.860 and then you

00:48:30.040 die faster.

00:48:31.280 Because cortisol

00:48:32.200 makes you age

00:48:33.340 more quickly.

00:48:34.460 And the reason

00:48:34.860 it does that

00:48:35.500 essentially is

00:48:36.260 like if you're

00:48:36.980 in an emergency,

00:48:38.200 which you are

00:48:38.740 if you're at

00:48:39.140 the bottom of

00:48:39.580 the hierarchy

00:48:39.960 because you're

00:48:40.380 like one

00:48:41.040 slip from

00:48:42.200 disaster when

00:48:43.280 you live there

00:48:43.820 all the time,

00:48:45.040 then your

00:48:45.800 brain assumes

00:48:47.000 that you better

00:48:47.560 bloody well be

00:48:48.240 prepared for

00:48:48.800 whatever the

00:48:49.280 hell's going

00:48:49.680 to happen

00:48:49.980 next.

00:48:50.780 And so it

00:48:51.160 cranks up the

00:48:51.800 cortisol levels

00:48:52.520 and that puts

00:48:53.260 everything that

00:48:54.360 you are on

00:48:55.100 edge for

00:48:56.080 emergency action.

00:48:57.640 And that can

00:48:58.180 be exhilarating

00:48:59.260 in small doses

00:49:00.120 like that's why

00:49:00.720 people go on a

00:49:01.340 roller coaster,

00:49:01.980 but as a way

00:49:02.880 of life,

00:49:04.060 it makes you

00:49:05.700 old.

00:49:06.860 It literally,

00:49:07.920 that's what it

00:49:08.420 does.

00:49:08.800 It steals resources

00:49:10.460 from your future

00:49:11.280 and burns them

00:49:12.020 up in the

00:49:12.400 present.

00:49:13.380 And so high

00:49:14.620 levels of

00:49:15.120 cortisol increase

00:49:17.040 your probability

00:49:17.700 of cancer,

00:49:18.240 and heart

00:49:18.620 disease and

00:49:19.160 diabetes and

00:49:19.940 Alzheimer's and

00:49:20.960 obesity and

00:49:21.680 like you name

00:49:22.400 it.

00:49:22.620 You just have

00:49:22.960 to, and

00:49:23.380 suppresses your

00:49:24.380 immune system

00:49:25.020 because who

00:49:25.480 cares if you

00:49:26.080 die of the

00:49:26.660 flu in two

00:49:27.220 weeks if

00:49:27.580 there's a

00:49:27.900 tiger chasing

00:49:28.580 you around a

00:49:29.140 tree right

00:49:29.640 now, right?

00:49:30.760 Well, that's

00:49:31.240 exactly it.

00:49:32.020 So, so, so, so, so

00:49:35.660 not only do

00:49:37.180 hierarchies exist, you

00:49:39.820 can't attribute

00:49:41.060 them to the

00:49:42.120 vagaries of some

00:49:43.220 socioeconomic

00:49:44.220 structure like the

00:49:45.620 West and

00:49:46.060 capitalism, and

00:49:47.660 they're so old

00:49:49.340 that your brain is

00:49:50.340 adapted to them

00:49:51.260 like they're a

00:49:51.820 fundamental element

00:49:52.560 of reality.

00:49:53.180 And so the

00:49:54.060 Marxist critique, the

00:49:55.720 best way to

00:49:56.780 critique the

00:49:57.620 Marxist critique

00:49:58.340 isn't from the

00:49:59.060 right wing.

00:50:00.200 You just say, yeah,

00:50:01.000 yeah, you're

00:50:02.620 right.

00:50:03.740 Hierarchies

00:50:04.240 oppress and

00:50:04.820 dispossess.

00:50:06.240 But you're wrong

00:50:06.980 about the fact

00:50:07.640 that they're a

00:50:08.800 secondary consequence

00:50:09.640 of capitalism.

00:50:11.060 They're not.

00:50:13.220 Period.

00:50:14.760 You're wrong.

00:50:16.000 And if you want

00:50:16.420 to solve the

00:50:16.960 problem of

00:50:17.400 dispossession,

00:50:18.040 instead of just

00:50:18.640 acting like you're

00:50:19.740 one of the people

00:50:20.440 who want to solve

00:50:21.120 the problems of

00:50:21.720 dispossession, which

00:50:22.740 is an entirely

00:50:23.220 different thing, then

00:50:24.400 you might want to

00:50:24.900 get a hell of a lot

00:50:25.540 more serious about

00:50:26.380 the problem.

00:50:27.860 And that's part of

00:50:28.440 the reason that I

00:50:29.060 wrote the first

00:50:30.220 chapter, was to

00:50:31.380 make the claim.

00:50:32.500 It's like, no, this

00:50:33.800 is a way worse

00:50:34.480 problem than you

00:50:35.260 think.

00:50:35.960 Now, I made a

00:50:36.760 secondary claim,

00:50:38.300 which is also an

00:50:38.940 anti-Marxist claim,

00:50:40.020 because the identity

00:50:41.820 politics Marxist

00:50:43.100 types also have this

00:50:44.340 other idea, which

00:50:45.120 is, you know,

00:50:45.560 well, there's a

00:50:46.140 hierarchy, and it's

00:50:47.460 a consequence of

00:50:48.560 the pathological

00:50:49.800 structure of the

00:50:50.600 West, and it's

00:50:51.520 basically a tyranny,

00:50:52.980 and the way you

00:50:53.660 move up it is by

00:50:55.220 exercising power,

00:50:57.580 because all

00:50:58.340 hierarchies are

00:50:59.020 based on power.

00:51:00.180 It's like, no,

00:51:01.880 they're not.

00:51:03.160 That's also wrong.

00:51:05.080 A corrupt hierarchy

00:51:07.640 is based on power,

00:51:09.060 but a functional

00:51:10.060 hierarchy is based

00:51:10.960 on competence.

00:51:12.360 And you know

00:51:12.980 that.

00:51:14.420 Take the hierarchy

00:51:15.380 of plumbers, for

00:51:17.120 example.

00:51:18.220 So, most of us

00:51:19.440 presume that it's

00:51:20.680 useful to have

00:51:21.340 plumbers.

00:51:21.940 We don't think of

00:51:22.780 roving bands of

00:51:24.120 plumbers oppressing

00:51:25.580 us with the

00:51:26.560 necessity for

00:51:27.480 plumbing.

00:51:28.500 And we don't think

00:51:29.600 that the best plumber

00:51:30.500 is the one who's

00:51:31.260 beat the most other

00:51:32.500 plumbers to death

00:51:33.540 with a lead pipe.

00:51:35.880 Right.

00:51:36.500 We assume that the

00:51:37.340 best plumber is

00:51:38.100 someone who stops

00:51:39.340 sewage from leaking

00:51:40.340 in your house at a

00:51:41.380 low cost, and who's

00:51:42.760 pretty decent at

00:51:43.620 managing his time

00:51:44.740 or her time, and

00:51:46.160 business affairs, right?

00:51:47.440 And that's how you

00:51:48.280 hire a plumber.

00:51:49.100 You don't have

00:51:49.680 plumbers come to

00:51:50.700 your door and

00:51:51.160 threaten you with

00:51:52.520 what will happen if

00:51:53.380 you don't hire them.

00:51:55.160 Well, it's funny,

00:51:56.720 but it's not funny,

00:51:57.680 because we have

00:51:58.740 this pervasive

00:52:00.660 propaganda in our

00:52:04.100 culture that

00:52:04.860 fundamentally what

00:52:06.220 we've created is

00:52:07.100 something like a

00:52:07.840 tyranny, but if you

00:52:09.160 break it down into

00:52:10.400 its elements, it's

00:52:11.880 absurdity of that

00:52:13.500 just manifests itself

00:52:14.700 right away.

00:52:15.480 The tyranny of

00:52:16.380 emergency room

00:52:17.460 nurses, there's

00:52:18.820 another one, or

00:52:19.760 palliative, or

00:52:20.640 people who work in

00:52:21.460 palliative care, or

00:52:22.620 massage therapists,

00:52:23.720 there's another

00:52:24.220 terrible power

00:52:25.100 hierarchy, right?

00:52:26.060 Or elementary school

00:52:27.160 teachers, right?

00:52:28.500 And even lawyers,

00:52:29.620 you know, even

00:52:31.240 lawyers are fun.

00:52:32.500 Sorry, I know some

00:52:33.480 of you are lawyers,

00:52:34.260 and that's okay.

00:52:37.380 It isn't the most

00:52:38.600 tyrannical lawyers that

00:52:39.880 rise to the top.

00:52:40.840 It's actually the

00:52:41.660 lawyers who are best

00:52:42.500 at generating

00:52:43.060 business for their

00:52:43.860 law firm.

00:52:44.760 It's the lawyers who

00:52:45.600 are competent as

00:52:46.320 lawyers, but who can

00:52:47.040 also work effectively

00:52:48.200 as entrepreneurial

00:52:48.880 agents, and who

00:52:49.960 bring in business to

00:52:50.940 their law firms, and

00:52:52.020 who feed the lawyers

00:52:53.200 in the law firms, who

00:52:54.860 are competent, but

00:52:55.680 can't generate

00:52:56.300 business.

00:52:56.900 Those are the people

00:52:57.600 that rise to the

00:52:58.280 top.

00:52:59.120 And if they're a bit

00:52:59.860 psychopathic, you

00:53:01.040 know, if an

00:53:01.840 organization, because

00:53:03.100 another alternative

00:53:03.840 route to the top is

00:53:04.900 to be a bit of a

00:53:05.620 psychopath and to

00:53:06.340 use power, it's a

00:53:07.400 very ineffective route.

00:53:08.920 You have to keep

00:53:09.520 moving around, because

00:53:10.380 people don't, people

00:53:11.460 figure you out fairly

00:53:12.360 soon, and so you

00:53:13.680 have to keep moving

00:53:14.400 around and finding

00:53:15.060 new suckers, because

00:53:16.040 if you stay in one

00:53:16.760 place and you're a

00:53:17.420 psychopath, people

00:53:18.400 figure it out pretty

00:53:19.420 soon, and they put a

00:53:20.060 box around you, and

00:53:21.080 they just stay the

00:53:21.700 hell away from you.

00:53:22.840 And so the idea, A,

00:53:24.000 that what we live in is

00:53:25.380 a tyrannical patriarchy

00:53:26.620 is an absolute, it's

00:53:29.200 something that has the

00:53:31.520 vaguest ghosts of

00:53:32.720 truth that's being

00:53:33.620 worshipped as an

00:53:34.620 unalterable axiom.

00:53:36.120 like, the hierarchies

00:53:37.840 we have contend

00:53:39.460 towards corruption,

00:53:41.460 right, and corruption

00:53:42.220 by power, that's

00:53:42.960 partly why we have

00:53:43.600 elections, you know,

00:53:44.460 if someone's in power

00:53:45.660 for like 15 years, I

00:53:47.420 think the reason

00:53:47.880 democracy works, in

00:53:49.260 part, is to rotate

00:53:50.260 between right and

00:53:50.920 left, but even more

00:53:51.580 importantly, is just to

00:53:52.720 throw people out.

00:53:54.360 Well, seriously, I'm

00:53:55.840 dead serious about this,

00:53:56.940 it's like, it takes a

00:53:58.240 while to get a

00:53:59.160 hierarchy so entrenched

00:54:00.500 that it can start to

00:54:01.380 become corrupt.

00:54:02.560 Maybe that takes four

00:54:04.620 years, maybe it takes

00:54:05.740 eight years, because

00:54:06.440 those are kind of the

00:54:07.100 terms we allow people,

00:54:08.120 right, four years,

00:54:08.840 eight years, something

00:54:09.440 like that in power, it's

00:54:10.240 like, okay, you had

00:54:11.140 your eight years, throw

00:54:12.500 you out, throw this

00:54:13.860 pack of idiots out,

00:54:14.960 bring in a new pack

00:54:15.860 of idiots, no

00:54:16.960 improvement, no

00:54:19.020 improvement, but less

00:54:21.120 entrenched corruption,

00:54:22.800 right.

00:54:23.080 Thank you.

00:54:32.200 So, back to the

00:54:37.100 hierarchy, there's no

00:54:39.240 getting away from

00:54:39.800 hierarchies, okay, so

00:54:41.200 why?

00:54:42.720 Well, there's a bunch

00:54:44.520 of reasons, I told

00:54:46.600 you that I'd been

00:54:47.140 talking to Sam Harris

00:54:48.120 about this, and about

00:54:49.660 belief systems, so now

00:54:51.520 I want to talk about

00:54:52.280 the relationship between

00:54:53.200 belief systems and

00:54:54.500 hierarchies, because I

00:54:55.920 actually don't think

00:54:56.500 they're any different,

00:54:57.440 I think they're the

00:54:58.100 same thing.

00:54:59.780 So, here's why, this

00:55:01.700 is also relevant to

00:55:02.940 the chaos and order

00:55:03.720 issue.

00:55:04.600 So, there's a lot of

00:55:06.940 the world out there.

00:55:10.000 There's a lot of the

00:55:10.800 world, and there are a

00:55:11.340 lot of facts about the

00:55:12.380 world.

00:55:12.940 There's more of the

00:55:13.720 world than you can see,

00:55:16.240 and there's more of the

00:55:18.040 world than you could

00:55:18.780 even hypothetically see.

00:55:20.820 So, and there are more

00:55:22.220 facts about the world

00:55:23.020 than you could ever

00:55:23.600 possibly process.

00:55:24.640 So, things are complex

00:55:25.840 beyond imagining.

00:55:27.720 And everyone knows

00:55:28.440 that.

00:55:29.660 And that's chaos.

00:55:31.060 Now, it's useful,

00:55:31.980 because the fact that

00:55:32.820 things are complex

00:55:33.500 beyond imagining is

00:55:34.480 also the same thing as

00:55:36.540 saying there is

00:55:37.800 potential beyond

00:55:38.800 imagining.

00:55:40.240 Right?

00:55:40.500 So, the downside of

00:55:42.120 the complexity is it's

00:55:43.140 just too much.

00:55:43.900 But the upside is, hey,

00:55:45.640 there's more out there

00:55:47.300 than you know about,

00:55:48.320 and you can mine that.

00:55:49.800 You can, you know, and

00:55:50.720 you know you do that when

00:55:51.920 you go develop skills.

00:55:53.040 You go develop your

00:55:53.800 skills, you get more

00:55:54.400 educated, or you set

00:55:55.360 yourself a new challenge,

00:55:56.420 right?

00:55:56.780 You're out there mining

00:55:57.700 potential.

00:55:58.320 You're out there in the

00:55:59.100 complexity mining potential.

00:56:01.500 That's why, by the way,

00:56:02.700 that you find gold if you

00:56:04.000 go find the dragon.

00:56:05.180 It's exactly the same

00:56:06.060 idea.

00:56:06.960 The dragon is this

00:56:07.880 complex symbol of

00:56:09.360 complexity that lurks in

00:56:10.600 the darkness.

00:56:11.140 The same thing that'll

00:56:11.880 devour the rat, but

00:56:12.860 there's possibility out

00:56:14.060 there.

00:56:14.220 So, if you go out there, you

00:56:15.700 get the possibility.

00:56:17.100 So, that's the chaotic

00:56:18.680 domain.

00:56:20.460 Because there's so much

00:56:21.540 out there, and there's so

00:56:24.460 many things to attend to,

00:56:26.260 it's very hard to figure out

00:56:27.840 what to do.

00:56:29.560 And that's actually what we

00:56:30.580 have to do as living

00:56:31.940 creatures.

00:56:33.040 We can't just see things.

00:56:35.480 We have to do things about

00:56:37.180 them.

00:56:38.100 And here's the rub.

00:56:40.120 You can only do one thing

00:56:41.340 at a time.

00:56:42.660 This is one of the very,

00:56:43.840 very strange things about

00:56:44.880 consciousness.

00:56:46.240 You know, if you try to

00:56:47.400 write and watch a video at

00:56:51.780 the same time, you're not

00:56:53.260 doing that.

00:56:53.880 What you're doing is you're

00:56:54.680 writing a bit, and then you're

00:56:55.400 watching a bit, then you're

00:56:56.160 writing a bit, then you're

00:56:56.800 watching a bit.

00:56:57.260 You only have one motor

00:56:59.320 output system.

00:57:01.040 It's kind of strange,

00:57:02.140 actually, that that's the

00:57:02.940 case.

00:57:03.340 Your consciousness is an

00:57:04.300 unbelievably narrow channel.

00:57:05.940 People have estimated its

00:57:07.640 bandwidth at four bits,

00:57:11.240 right?

00:57:11.420 Which is like a really bad

00:57:12.960 modem from 1950, when there

00:57:15.840 weren't even modems.

00:57:17.900 The bandwidth of your

00:57:19.120 consciousness is unbelievably

00:57:20.600 narrow.

00:57:21.800 And the reason for that seems

00:57:23.760 to be that you have to take

00:57:24.700 all of everything that there is,

00:57:26.640 and you have to turn it into

00:57:28.000 the one thing that you're

00:57:29.060 doing.

00:57:30.120 And you do that in action,

00:57:32.060 because you can only do one

00:57:33.300 thing at a time, but you also

00:57:34.240 do it in perception, because

00:57:36.020 you can actually only look at

00:57:37.280 one thing at a time, or hear

00:57:38.620 one thing at a time.

00:57:40.100 It's a little more complicated

00:57:41.340 than that, but not much.

00:57:42.780 Compared to all the things you

00:57:44.120 could be seeing and hearing,

00:57:45.360 you're hardly seeing and

00:57:46.260 hearing and everything,

00:57:47.400 anything.

00:57:48.140 And there's lots of

00:57:49.140 experiments that have shown

00:57:50.320 this.

00:57:50.760 So, for example, change

00:57:52.640 blindness experiments, for

00:57:53.760 example, that show that, you

00:57:55.240 know, the way our vision, you

00:57:56.400 kind of have a sense that you

00:57:57.420 see a broad visual landscape.

00:58:00.100 But you don't.

00:58:00.860 You're laser beaming it

00:58:02.460 constantly by moving your

00:58:04.260 eyes around, and then you

00:58:05.140 build a picture out of these

00:58:06.960 little laser beam points, and

00:58:08.280 your eyes are just moving

00:58:09.100 around like mad, partly

00:58:10.580 voluntarily.

00:58:11.440 You can control that, but

00:58:12.320 partly involuntarily.

00:58:13.500 So it's pinpoints of light

00:58:15.720 make up the visual image.

00:58:17.780 And you can tell that, too.

00:58:19.020 Like, you can actually see

00:58:20.580 this if you pay attention to

00:58:21.720 it.

00:58:21.860 So, for example, if I look at

00:58:23.000 you, I can see your face and

00:58:25.340 your eyes, but the two ladies

00:58:27.120 beside you, I can tell they're

00:58:28.380 women.

00:58:29.660 I think you're a man, and I

00:58:30.780 think you're a woman.

00:58:32.680 And I can't tell.

00:58:34.060 And out here, I know your

00:58:35.360 people, but you're basically

00:58:36.340 just vague blurs.

00:58:37.560 I know your people because I

00:58:38.720 already looked there, but

00:58:40.240 otherwise, vague blurs.

00:58:41.740 You people over there, you're

00:58:43.640 just all mashed together, and

00:58:44.840 you're basically black and

00:58:45.800 white, even though I can't

00:58:46.840 tell that.

00:58:47.200 So, my central vision is

00:58:49.440 very, very focused and

00:58:50.980 detailed, but the peripheral

00:58:52.520 vision is hardly there at

00:58:53.580 all.

00:58:53.820 And the way you overcome that

00:58:54.820 is by looking around all

00:58:55.740 the time.

00:58:56.760 And so, here's the complex

00:58:58.940 problem that you have to

00:58:59.960 solve, that you're solving

00:59:01.260 every second of your life.

00:59:03.080 This is what you use your

00:59:04.060 belief systems for, is

00:59:05.540 you're using your belief

00:59:07.400 system to take everything

00:59:08.620 that's in the world, that

00:59:09.940 chaos, that chaotic

00:59:11.180 potential, and to turn it to

00:59:12.760 one thing.

00:59:13.960 So you have to think about

00:59:14.820 that so hard.

00:59:15.820 You have to filter out

00:59:17.100 everything, except one

00:59:19.980 thing.

00:59:21.420 Here's something interesting

00:59:22.540 you might be interested in.

00:59:24.240 I spent a lot of time

00:59:25.460 investigating neuropsychopharmacology,

00:59:29.800 the way the brain responds

00:59:30.820 to chemicals, essentially.

00:59:32.620 And one of, I was very

00:59:34.300 interested in drug and

00:59:35.060 alcohol abuse.

00:59:35.740 I did my PhD thesis on

00:59:37.180 alcoholism, studied a lot

00:59:38.720 about the way that various

00:59:40.000 drugs of abuse work.

00:59:41.820 Hallucinogens.

00:59:43.340 One of the things

00:59:43.960 hallucinogens do is stop

00:59:45.820 you from reducing everything

00:59:47.340 to one thing.

00:59:49.000 And that's why people have

00:59:49.920 this sense of being flooded

00:59:51.860 by, say, infinite potential,

00:59:53.960 or sometimes hell, but

00:59:55.760 infinite potential.

00:59:57.420 What the chemicals that make

01:00:01.880 up hallucinogens, the classic

01:00:03.200 hallucinogens, interfere with

01:00:04.700 serotonergic function.

01:00:05.820 That's one of the things they

01:00:06.700 do.

01:00:07.220 And they stop this gating

01:00:08.680 from occurring.

01:00:09.820 And so they open, as Huxley

01:00:11.460 pointed out, they open the

01:00:13.180 doors of perception.

01:00:13.960 And they let you see far

01:00:15.220 more of what's there than

01:00:16.380 you would normally perceive.

01:00:17.940 At quite a cost, right?

01:00:19.540 The cost of potentially being

01:00:20.800 overwhelmed.

01:00:21.440 And also the cost of not

01:00:23.100 being able to act while

01:00:25.220 that's happening.

01:00:26.560 And so that can be a

01:00:27.380 wonderful mystical experience,

01:00:28.780 but you could be eaten by a

01:00:30.180 lion when you're not able to

01:00:32.440 organize running away.

01:00:34.180 So it's actually very

01:00:35.960 practically useful in order to

01:00:37.900 reduce things to one thing.

01:00:39.400 And so then the question

01:00:40.540 is, you've got all those

01:00:43.160 things to reduce to one

01:00:44.380 thing.

01:00:44.820 How the hell do you do it?

01:00:45.920 Because it's really, really

01:00:46.880 complicated.

01:00:47.920 Because there's all that

01:00:48.940 material to take care of.

01:00:51.520 And the answer to this, this

01:00:53.380 is what I really wanted to

01:00:54.760 concentrate on tonight, because

01:00:56.180 I'm just starting to get this

01:00:57.820 right, is you do it both

01:00:59.140 collectively and

01:01:00.220 neurologically at the same

01:01:01.680 time.

01:01:03.180 So think of, I don't know

01:01:05.600 how many of you have ever

01:01:06.580 started a business, but if you

01:01:08.100 start a business and you

01:01:09.000 produce a new product, one

01:01:10.540 of the most difficult

01:01:11.320 decisions that you have to

01:01:12.820 make is how much to charge

01:01:14.120 for your product.

01:01:15.640 Now obviously you have to

01:01:16.580 charge more than it costs

01:01:17.620 to make it, so that's

01:01:20.120 where you start, but you

01:01:21.440 can't tell after that.

01:01:22.800 It's like, well, is it a

01:01:23.680 premium product?

01:01:24.540 Should you charge a hundred

01:01:25.640 times what it costs to make

01:01:26.800 it?

01:01:26.920 Or maybe a thousand times,

01:01:28.320 because maybe people only

01:01:29.520 want to buy it because it's

01:01:30.520 a luxury item.

01:01:31.320 Or should you make it as

01:01:32.320 cheap as possible so that

01:01:33.420 many, many people buy it?

01:01:35.060 But you don't want to make

01:01:35.760 it too cheap, because if you

01:01:36.820 make it too cheap, then

01:01:37.980 people will think it's

01:01:38.660 cheap and then they won't

01:01:39.440 buy it.

01:01:40.320 And so it's really hard to

01:01:41.980 make a pricing decision,

01:01:43.420 because what is something

01:01:44.920 worth?

01:01:45.980 And the answer is, that

01:01:47.860 question really is, what's

01:01:49.180 this thing worth compared to

01:01:50.360 everything else that's worth

01:01:51.760 something?

01:01:53.280 And there's a lot of other

01:01:54.400 things that are worth

01:01:55.180 something.

01:01:56.060 There's an almost infinite

01:01:57.480 number of them.

01:01:58.480 That's actually why the free

01:02:00.240 market works and why it's a

01:02:01.700 necessity, is because the

01:02:03.520 only way you can decide what

01:02:04.840 everything is worth is by

01:02:05.840 letting everyone vote on

01:02:08.240 it.

01:02:08.360 So you have all that

01:02:09.140 brain power, that

01:02:10.040 distributed brain power.

01:02:11.420 It's like externalized

01:02:13.040 computation.

01:02:13.940 You say, well, let's just

01:02:15.020 let everybody compete about

01:02:16.200 what things are worth, and

01:02:17.640 we'll watch where it

01:02:18.820 settles, because otherwise

01:02:19.720 we'll have to compute that

01:02:20.740 ourselves, and we can't.

01:02:22.300 The Central Soviet, in its

01:02:24.280 heyday, had to make 10,000

01:02:25.940 pricing decisions a day.

01:02:28.700 So they couldn't even

01:02:29.340 calculate what a nail is

01:02:30.600 worth.

01:02:31.360 Like, what's a nail worth?

01:02:33.000 Well, if you have to nail

01:02:34.200 something together, it's

01:02:35.440 worth quite a lot.

01:02:37.920 You know what I mean.

01:02:39.100 It's like a nail can be

01:02:40.240 worth a lot.

01:02:40.980 So what's a nail worth?

01:02:42.520 Well, there's no answer to

01:02:43.980 that, because the question

01:02:44.960 is, isn't what a nail is

01:02:47.000 worth.

01:02:47.300 The question is, what is a

01:02:48.340 nail worth in comparison to

01:02:49.580 everything else that's worth

01:02:50.680 something?

01:02:51.880 It's like, well, good luck

01:02:52.580 computing that.

01:02:53.620 You can't.

01:02:55.180 It's technically not

01:02:56.200 possible.

01:02:57.020 That's partly why we have a

01:02:58.080 stock market.

01:02:58.740 It's like, what's a stock

01:02:59.500 worth?

01:03:00.280 Well, it's what anybody

01:03:01.940 will pay for it, given that

01:03:03.360 they could also buy any

01:03:04.260 other stock.

01:03:05.380 And how do we compute

01:03:06.160 that?

01:03:06.600 We let tens of millions of

01:03:08.540 people vote.

01:03:10.020 And even that sometimes goes

01:03:11.340 completely astray, because

01:03:12.820 sometimes the stock market,

01:03:13.980 you know, it has a bubble,

01:03:14.920 and then it crashes, and it's

01:03:16.440 just an indication of how

01:03:17.500 difficult it is to price

01:03:19.620 everything.

01:03:20.160 And you think, well, why is

01:03:21.220 he rambling on about

01:03:22.040 pricing?

01:03:22.800 It's like it's a subset of

01:03:24.140 the problem of valuing.

01:03:26.500 And to value things is to put

01:03:27.800 them in a hierarchy, right?

01:03:29.300 To order them in terms of

01:03:31.720 their worth.

01:03:32.860 And you have to do that in

01:03:34.120 order to be able to see,

01:03:36.280 because you can't see

01:03:37.160 anything unless you focus on

01:03:38.420 one thing and not on

01:03:39.200 everything else.

01:03:40.020 So in order to see, you have

01:03:41.240 to value things.

01:03:42.400 And in order to value things,

01:03:44.220 you have to put them in a

01:03:45.140 hierarchy.

01:03:45.920 And in order to put them in

01:03:46.760 a hierarchy, you have to let

01:03:48.200 everyone participate, because

01:03:50.280 otherwise you're not smart

01:03:51.100 enough to put them in a

01:03:51.820 hierarchy.

01:03:53.280 And so that's partly what we're

01:03:54.520 doing in our culture, is that

01:03:55.800 we're engaged in this

01:03:57.140 competitive and cooperative

01:03:59.060 enterprise that helps us

01:04:01.440 collectively determine what

01:04:03.760 everything is comparatively

01:04:05.060 worth.

01:04:06.360 And you think, well, why is

01:04:08.420 that so useful?

01:04:09.380 Well, it simplifies things.

01:04:11.400 What should you pay attention

01:04:12.580 to?

01:04:14.020 Not everything.

01:04:15.800 You know that.

01:04:16.840 A day you're trying to pay

01:04:17.680 attention to everything, you

01:04:18.580 just don't get anything done.

01:04:20.680 If you pay attention to

01:04:21.600 everything, you don't get

01:04:22.800 anything done.

01:04:24.660 So what you have to do is

01:04:25.540 you have to prioritize, and

01:04:26.720 by prioritizing, you're

01:04:27.780 reducing everything to zero

01:04:29.660 except the one thing you're

01:04:30.860 concentrating on.

01:04:31.900 And that's an insanely,

01:04:33.620 insanely complicated act.

01:04:36.040 You wouldn't have to have a

01:04:37.080 brain if that wasn't so hard.

01:04:38.460 And you have a hell of a

01:04:39.360 brain.

01:04:39.680 You know, it is the most

01:04:40.760 complicated thing in the

01:04:41.960 cosmos.

01:04:42.580 By orders of magnitude.

01:04:44.720 It's massively complicated.

01:04:46.800 It's so full of connections

01:04:48.040 that it's the number of

01:04:51.360 patterns of connections in your

01:04:52.580 brain far supersedes any

01:04:54.200 cosmological number.

01:04:55.720 You are super complicated.

01:04:57.680 And the reason for that is

01:04:58.620 it's really hard to take

01:04:59.820 everything there is and

01:05:00.960 turn it into the one thing

01:05:02.140 that you should do.

01:05:03.360 And then, well, you think

01:05:05.280 the question is, well, how

01:05:06.460 do you answer the question

01:05:07.820 what should you do?

01:05:08.880 And the answer is, well, you

01:05:11.660 partly want to do what other

01:05:12.780 people think is worthwhile.

01:05:17.460 Because you want to have

01:05:17.980 something to trade.

01:05:19.360 If you're doing something that

01:05:20.320 no one else thinks is

01:05:21.740 worthwhile, well, first of

01:05:22.860 all, you're probably going to

01:05:23.560 die because the probability

01:05:25.980 that it's useful if no one

01:05:27.920 else thinks it's useful is

01:05:29.540 like zero.

01:05:30.520 Well, not completely zero.

01:05:31.760 Sometimes you're a stellar

01:05:33.000 genius.

01:05:34.040 But hardly ever.

01:05:35.280 Most of the time you're just

01:05:36.280 deluded.

01:05:37.680 So, right.

01:05:39.180 But now and then you're a

01:05:40.100 stellar genius.

01:05:40.920 So that's a problem.

01:05:42.100 But in any case, you should

01:05:44.700 pay attention to what everyone

01:05:45.920 else values.

01:05:47.160 Because if you pay attention to

01:05:48.460 what everyone else values, and

01:05:49.880 you master it, then you have

01:05:51.440 something to trade with

01:05:52.580 everyone else, and they value

01:05:54.060 you.

01:05:55.200 And so that's a good deal.

01:05:56.600 And so, so this is how it

01:05:58.660 works.

01:05:59.400 And we have a hierarchical

01:06:02.000 organization in our society.

01:06:03.580 It consists of people

01:06:05.040 cooperating and competing in

01:06:06.960 the attempt to produce value.

01:06:09.260 And you need to produce value

01:06:10.820 because we need valuable things,

01:06:12.180 otherwise we die.

01:06:13.280 And we need to produce value

01:06:15.200 because we need to specify what

01:06:16.920 it is that we need to do.

01:06:18.600 And so we have hierarchies that

01:06:20.080 do the specification.

01:06:21.940 And you incorporate that

01:06:24.000 hierarchy, that's the

01:06:25.520 perceptual structure that

01:06:26.620 mediates between you and the

01:06:27.840 world.

01:06:29.100 So, because what you end up

01:06:31.040 doing is paying attention to

01:06:32.300 the things that are of value.

01:06:34.220 And the question, what is of

01:06:37.560 value, is something that's

01:06:40.020 decided upon collectively.

01:06:42.260 And so your perceptual systems

01:06:45.540 are dependent on the integrity

01:06:48.160 of the hierarchy.

01:06:49.960 And then your psychological

01:06:51.880 stability is dependent on the

01:06:53.380 match between the hierarchy

01:06:54.620 that you've internalized and

01:06:56.300 the hierarchy that exists

01:06:57.460 outside.

01:06:58.460 So, if you have an internalized

01:07:00.380 set of values, it's hierarchical

01:07:02.380 in structure, and you're acting

01:07:04.360 on that, and it's the same

01:07:06.480 structure that everyone else is

01:07:07.740 acting on, then the valuable

01:07:09.380 things that you pursue will be

01:07:10.860 valued by other people, then

01:07:12.620 you can live with other

01:07:13.340 people.

01:07:14.260 And so part of the reason that

01:07:15.260 we need to support our belief

01:07:17.300 systems, back to that original

01:07:19.000 problem, is because they

01:07:20.140 actually do protect us from

01:07:21.420 chaos.

01:07:22.580 Your belief system isn't just

01:07:23.940 your belief system.

01:07:25.360 Your belief system is the

01:07:26.620 system that you use to

01:07:27.740 simplify the world so that you

01:07:28.960 can act in such a manner that

01:07:31.440 it exists in correspondence with

01:07:33.660 the way everyone else is doing

01:07:34.860 that simultaneously, at least

01:07:36.320 within your cultural sphere.

01:07:38.280 So part of the reason you're

01:07:39.160 also happy about supporting

01:07:41.800 your own cultural value system

01:07:43.800 is because you have a value

01:07:46.020 system, and so does your

01:07:46.960 culture, and they match, and so

01:07:48.760 if your cultural value system

01:07:50.100 gets flipped upside down, then

01:07:52.300 your perceptual value system no

01:07:53.840 longer works, then you can't

01:07:55.640 function, then the chaos of the

01:07:57.360 world comes in and overwhelms

01:07:58.520 you, then you're terrified out of

01:08:00.360 your skull, and you die.

01:08:02.760 And so it's not surprising that

01:08:04.380 people value their belief systems.

01:08:07.180 So, so that's all extraordinarily

01:08:11.060 useful to know, as far as I'm

01:08:13.200 concerned.

01:08:14.220 And so, and, now the problem is,

01:08:23.500 there's a couple of problems here.

01:08:24.860 One problem, which we're not going

01:08:26.300 to be able to address to any great

01:08:27.540 degree tonight, is the fact that

01:08:29.880 despite the fact that you have to

01:08:32.300 have the hierarchy, because you have

01:08:33.840 to have the value system, because it

01:08:35.300 has to specify so that you can act,

01:08:37.300 and so that you can act with other

01:08:38.400 people, there's no getting away

01:08:40.060 from that.

01:08:40.780 It's absolutely necessary.

01:08:43.520 Hierarchies do dispossess people.

01:08:46.200 Because what happens, I wrote about

01:08:47.960 this in 12 Rules for Life, too, is

01:08:49.340 that once you set up a hierarchy,

01:08:51.140 like, the number of good plumbers is

01:08:52.980 far outweighed by the number of

01:08:54.160 terrible plumbers.

01:08:55.440 The number of good lawyers is far

01:08:57.000 outweighed by the number of terrible

01:08:58.220 lawyers, and it's true in every

01:08:59.680 single domain.

01:09:00.900 And it's viciously true.

01:09:02.500 It's governed by a law, Price's law.

01:09:05.200 Price's law is a terrible law, but it

01:09:07.200 looks like a law.

01:09:08.180 It governs the size of cities.

01:09:09.700 It governs the size of stars.

01:09:11.700 It governs the height of trees in the

01:09:14.400 rainforest.

01:09:15.480 It's another one of these laws that

01:09:16.780 isn't specifically, it isn't specific

01:09:20.200 to human endeavor.

01:09:22.440 That which has gets more.

01:09:25.320 Bigger stars accrete more mass because

01:09:26.860 they have more gravitational pull.

01:09:28.660 So they just get bigger and bigger.

01:09:29.940 So, and bigger cities are more

01:09:32.820 attractive because they produce more

01:09:33.980 opportunity, so they get bigger and

01:09:35.600 bigger.

01:09:36.600 And so, taller trees get more light, so

01:09:39.100 they get taller and taller, right?

01:09:42.960 Skillful people get more and more

01:09:44.640 opportunities, and so they get more

01:09:46.540 and more skillful.

01:09:47.740 That's what happens.

01:09:48.840 Rich people, because they have money,

01:09:51.120 have more and more opportunities to

01:09:52.780 make more money, so they make more

01:09:54.560 money.

01:09:55.080 You know, the 1%, you hear about that

01:09:56.800 all the time.

01:09:57.120 You're all in the 1%, by the way.

01:09:59.220 By world standards, you're in the 1%.

01:10:01.400 By historical standards, you're probably

01:10:03.600 in the one one-thousandth of 1%.

01:10:05.980 So, that's a good thing to know if

01:10:08.120 you're feeling poor.

01:10:11.420 You're not, you're not that poor, man.

01:10:14.680 So, so you know, you hear a lot about

01:10:16.900 the 1%, but what you don't hear is that

01:10:19.340 it's an iron law of hierarchy.

01:10:21.300 And it doesn't matter what the hierarchy

01:10:22.640 is, it produces exactly that

01:10:23.980 distribution.

01:10:24.480 Hardly anyone ends up with everything.

01:10:26.980 Twelve richest people in the world

01:10:28.120 have as much money as the bottom

01:10:29.260 two and a half billion.

01:10:30.340 Think, oh my God, that's terrible.

01:10:31.820 It's a terrible cataclysmic consequence

01:10:33.840 of the capitalist system.

01:10:35.080 It's, no, it's not.

01:10:37.320 And one of the things that's really

01:10:38.600 interesting about capitalism in the West

01:10:40.340 is that every system produces

01:10:43.080 unbelievable inequality.

01:10:45.060 inequality and a lot of misery and grief.

01:10:50.700 And the West has figured out how to produce

01:10:53.940 inequality and some wealth.

01:10:58.220 Right?

01:10:58.940 So, the inequality, that's a catastrophe.

01:11:02.000 Good luck sorting it out.

01:11:03.800 The wealth, that's a bloody miracle.

01:11:06.200 That's absolutely unbelievable because

01:11:08.200 the rule for all of human history was

01:11:10.920 plenty of inequality,

01:11:13.140 no shortage of starvation and misery,

01:11:15.540 and a little bit of luxury

01:11:17.360 for the tiny set of people

01:11:18.940 who were at the top.

01:11:20.400 And for the last 150 years,

01:11:22.700 not much more than that,

01:11:24.180 the bottom has been being lifted up

01:11:25.740 at an absolutely unbelievable rate.

01:11:27.880 So, we produce inequality,

01:11:29.800 but thank God we produce wealth

01:11:31.300 at the same time,

01:11:32.240 and we're kicking the hell out

01:11:33.500 of absolute poverty.

01:11:34.440 You know,

01:11:36.280 the number of people

01:11:44.360 in absolute poverty in the world

01:11:46.600 by the UN definition of absolute poverty

01:11:48.500 fell by half between 2000 and 2015,

01:11:53.260 2012, sorry.

01:11:54.720 One of the UN millennium goals

01:11:56.280 was to have the number of people

01:11:58.160 in absolute poverty by the year 2015.

01:12:01.140 We did that three years early.

01:12:03.280 It was the fastest growth

01:12:05.680 in wealth in human history

01:12:07.040 by a huge margin.

01:12:09.260 And the same thing is happening

01:12:10.360 on an unbelievably immense scale.

01:12:13.160 You know that child mortality rates

01:12:15.660 in Africa are now the same

01:12:16.720 as they were in Europe in 1950.

01:12:19.140 It's absolutely beyond belief.

01:12:21.400 Plummeting maternal death rates

01:12:23.420 in childbirth everywhere around the world.

01:12:26.160 Plummeting family size.

01:12:28.140 We're going to peak out

01:12:28.860 at about nine and a half billion.

01:12:30.280 We can probably handle that.

01:12:31.320 And then there's going to be

01:12:32.060 a precipitous decline

01:12:33.120 in human population.

01:12:34.440 That's well projected

01:12:35.460 out into the next 75 years.

01:12:37.380 There are more forests

01:12:38.200 in the Northern Hemisphere

01:12:39.260 than there were 100 years ago.

01:12:40.900 People are getting access

01:12:42.240 to fresh water

01:12:43.160 and plumbing and electricity

01:12:44.340 and unbelievably potent

01:12:46.160 computational devices

01:12:47.780 at a rate

01:12:48.380 that is absolutely

01:12:49.240 beyond comprehension.

01:12:50.820 I don't think

01:12:51.500 you could speed it up

01:12:52.640 if you tried.

01:12:53.840 The fastest growing economies

01:12:55.260 in the world

01:12:55.700 are in sub-Saharan Africa.

01:12:57.620 It's like this system

01:12:59.800 that we've put together

01:13:00.820 which is based

01:13:01.740 at least on part

01:13:02.600 on the production

01:13:03.660 of competent hierarchies

01:13:05.260 is producing

01:13:06.620 an increment

01:13:08.120 in a decrement

01:13:10.040 in absolute poverty

01:13:11.040 at a rate

01:13:11.760 that's absolutely staggering.

01:13:13.280 And so

01:13:13.440 and people don't know it

01:13:14.740 and most of this

01:13:15.320 has been happening

01:13:15.920 in the last 20 years.

01:13:17.680 So

01:13:17.800 it's something

01:13:19.180 to be extraordinarily grateful for

01:13:21.220 and it's something

01:13:21.840 as well for us

01:13:22.860 to wake up about.

01:13:24.000 You know

01:13:24.140 we need to be smarter

01:13:25.520 about these things.

01:13:26.520 It is still the case

01:13:27.500 that hierarchical structures

01:13:28.780 dispossess

01:13:29.500 because of Price's law.

01:13:31.460 So here's Price's law.

01:13:32.700 It's a terrible law.

01:13:35.060 The square root

01:13:35.860 of the number of people

01:13:36.640 who are engaged

01:13:37.140 in an activity

01:13:37.800 do half the work.

01:13:40.780 So if you have 10 artists

01:13:42.140 three of them

01:13:42.800 paint half the paintings.

01:13:44.440 But if you have

01:13:44.920 100 artists

01:13:45.740 10 of them

01:13:46.440 paint half the paintings

01:13:47.380 and if there's

01:13:48.120 1000 of them

01:13:48.920 then 30 of them

01:13:49.880 paint half the paintings.

01:13:51.500 And so as the domain

01:13:52.580 of product

01:13:53.520 as the domain

01:13:55.660 as the size of the group

01:13:57.420 engaged in the productive

01:13:58.440 activity increases

01:14:00.000 the proportion of people

01:14:02.120 who are doing the bulk

01:14:03.440 of the productive

01:14:04.460 labour decreases.

01:14:06.500 And as I said

01:14:07.400 this law seems to apply

01:14:08.400 across categories

01:14:09.140 not just human categories

01:14:10.720 reproductive categories

01:14:12.160 for that matter.

01:14:13.460 So it's the rule

01:14:14.680 rather

01:14:15.080 it's the rule

01:14:15.840 and so

01:14:16.540 and that's a real problem

01:14:17.760 and so

01:14:18.160 and I'll close with this

01:14:19.460 I think part of the reason

01:14:20.960 that we have a left wing

01:14:21.940 and a right wing

01:14:22.560 in our political discussion

01:14:23.560 is because the right wing

01:14:24.760 is always saying

01:14:25.900 rah rah

01:14:27.120 for the hierarchy

01:14:27.860 and fair enough man

01:14:29.640 especially if the hierarchy

01:14:30.560 is based on competence

01:14:31.540 because those hierarchies

01:14:32.600 are hard to come by

01:14:33.360 and they stabilise

01:14:34.600 our societies

01:14:35.260 and they allow

01:14:35.780 for productivity

01:14:36.400 and they allow you

01:14:37.600 to perceive the world

01:14:38.640 and they allow you

01:14:39.580 to act

01:14:40.000 and they allow you

01:14:40.820 to exist

01:14:41.460 in the absence

01:14:42.260 of abject terror.

01:14:44.000 That's a lot.

01:14:45.300 But the price

01:14:46.060 we pay for hierarchies

01:14:47.300 is the dispossession

01:14:48.980 of the majority

01:14:49.580 of people.

01:14:50.500 Now we solve that

01:14:51.280 in some ways

01:14:51.780 by producing

01:14:52.280 a lot of different

01:14:52.880 hierarchies

01:14:53.480 so if you're not

01:14:54.460 good at one thing

01:14:55.120 there's something else

01:14:55.940 you can be good at

01:14:56.660 but there are people

01:14:57.600 who just don't manage it

01:14:59.960 across the entire set

01:15:01.080 of hierarchies

01:15:01.640 and that's pretty rough

01:15:02.520 and the proper

01:15:03.740 voice of the left

01:15:05.540 is to speak

01:15:06.780 on behalf

01:15:07.500 of the people

01:15:08.120 who are unfairly

01:15:09.320 dispossessed

01:15:09.900 by the hierarchy

01:15:10.580 but not at the cost

01:15:11.760 of tearing the whole

01:15:12.520 damn thing down

01:15:13.440 right?

01:15:13.900 Not at the cost

01:15:14.740 of lack of understanding

01:15:17.100 first of all

01:15:17.660 the depth of problem

01:15:18.540 but also

01:15:19.420 as a consequence

01:15:20.480 of sheer ingratitude

01:15:21.600 it would be

01:15:22.000 a very foolish thing

01:15:23.160 for us

01:15:23.940 to tear down

01:15:24.880 the machinery

01:15:25.440 that we've built

01:15:26.220 that is accomplishing

01:15:27.380 all the great things

01:15:28.160 that it is accomplishing

01:15:29.180 because it produces

01:15:31.280 inequality

01:15:31.820 because we don't know

01:15:32.880 how to make

01:15:33.380 productive machines

01:15:34.500 that don't produce

01:15:35.460 inequality

01:15:35.920 no one knows

01:15:37.100 how to do that

01:15:37.740 now that doesn't mean

01:15:39.200 we don't have

01:15:39.620 a responsibility

01:15:40.180 to do something

01:15:41.040 to ameliorate

01:15:41.880 the inequality

01:15:43.800 you know

01:15:44.700 and maybe that's

01:15:45.660 a personal responsibility issue

01:15:47.120 you know

01:15:47.800 if you happen

01:15:48.180 to be fortunate

01:15:48.880 let's say

01:15:49.400 skillful

01:15:50.480 productive

01:15:51.080 and lucky

01:15:52.200 because luck

01:15:52.960 plays into it

01:15:53.760 you know

01:15:54.220 then maybe you have

01:15:54.920 a moral obligation

01:15:56.180 to do what you can

01:15:57.080 to try to make

01:15:57.920 the world a better place

01:15:58.920 which is something

01:15:59.900 that I tried to stress

01:16:01.380 in 12 Rules for Life

01:16:03.180 also trying to make

01:16:04.420 the case

01:16:04.780 and I'll close with this

01:16:05.860 two cases

01:16:06.820 first case

01:16:08.160 the best way

01:16:12.340 to move up

01:16:12.800 a competency hierarchy

01:16:13.860 or more importantly

01:16:15.060 imagine there's

01:16:16.380 a set of competency

01:16:17.540 hierarchies

01:16:18.200 and what you want

01:16:19.120 to do

01:16:19.460 is you want

01:16:20.140 to figure out

01:16:20.640 how you could act

01:16:21.780 so that the probability

01:16:23.180 that you would be

01:16:24.020 successful across

01:16:24.880 that whole set

01:16:25.540 of hierarchies

01:16:26.160 is maximized

01:16:27.000 that's the issue

01:16:28.280 of ethics

01:16:28.760 that's the way

01:16:30.380 out of moral relativism

01:16:31.900 say the ethic

01:16:32.920 that we've

01:16:33.480 that's emerged

01:16:35.160 I would say

01:16:36.100 that's well articulated

01:16:37.980 in Western philosophy

01:16:39.100 Western theology

01:16:40.120 for that matter

01:16:40.800 is the idea

01:16:42.080 that there's a mode

01:16:43.020 of ethical being

01:16:44.300 that maximizes

01:16:47.040 the probability

01:16:47.920 that you'll be

01:16:48.800 successful

01:16:49.780 in the most

01:16:50.540 successful way

01:16:51.620 across the set

01:16:52.760 of all possible

01:16:53.500 hierarchies of competence

01:16:54.620 and that's actually

01:16:55.720 associated with

01:16:56.660 what we would

01:16:57.720 classically think about

01:16:58.700 as being a good person

01:16:59.720 the most relevant

01:17:02.140 part of that

01:17:02.660 is probably being

01:17:03.520 a responsible person

01:17:04.800 and one of the things

01:17:06.400 that I've

01:17:06.800 made a case for

01:17:08.060 in 12 Rules for Life

01:17:09.140 for example

01:17:09.640 is that

01:17:10.020 and this goes back

01:17:11.260 to the beginning

01:17:11.700 of the lecture

01:17:12.220 because life

01:17:13.700 is characterized

01:17:14.280 by vulnerability

01:17:15.460 and mortality

01:17:16.240 suffering

01:17:17.200 all of that

01:17:18.080 you need a meaning

01:17:19.720 to offset that

01:17:20.660 it has to have

01:17:21.580 practical utility

01:17:22.580 because you don't

01:17:23.380 want to starve to death

01:17:24.220 but it has to have

01:17:25.100 psychological utility

01:17:26.180 so that you can

01:17:27.200 you can bear

01:17:28.480 your existence

01:17:29.780 despite its fragility

01:17:31.220 and the most

01:17:33.000 effective way

01:17:34.240 of developing

01:17:35.820 both of those

01:17:36.680 appears to be

01:17:37.780 to take responsibility

01:17:39.480 say well

01:17:40.560 and it's this facing

01:17:41.640 it's the same

01:17:42.300 facing thing

01:17:43.160 again

01:17:43.500 it's like

01:17:44.200 life is characterized

01:17:45.240 by suffering

01:17:45.900 what do you do

01:17:46.840 about that

01:17:47.300 you face it

01:17:48.860 as if you could

01:17:50.840 and you take

01:17:52.120 responsibility for it

01:17:53.420 as if you could

01:17:54.560 and in that

01:17:56.000 responsibility

01:17:56.600 you find the meaning

01:17:58.180 that allows you

01:17:59.160 to deal with

01:18:00.940 the suffering

01:18:01.420 practically speaking

01:18:02.560 because you get

01:18:03.260 better at it

01:18:03.800 but also to triumph

01:18:04.840 over it

01:18:05.280 because you've got

01:18:05.840 something worth doing

01:18:07.340 and that's

01:18:09.180 responsibility

01:18:09.780 that's also

01:18:10.920 the message

01:18:11.580 that goes

01:18:12.880 throughout the book

01:18:13.400 but is exemplified

01:18:15.200 particularly in

01:18:16.140 chapter 1

01:18:16.660 because the reason

01:18:17.980 that I suggested

01:18:18.800 to people is

01:18:19.440 that they stand

01:18:20.500 up straight

01:18:20.860 with their

01:18:21.160 shoulders back

01:18:21.720 isn't to adopt

01:18:22.580 a position

01:18:23.440 of tyrannical

01:18:24.320 patriarchal power

01:18:25.400 but to orient

01:18:26.700 themselves physically

01:18:27.700 so that you

01:18:28.680 confront the world

01:18:30.000 and its complexity

01:18:31.080 and its suffering

01:18:31.940 as courageously

01:18:33.000 as possible

01:18:33.580 which is what you do

01:18:34.560 when you open

01:18:35.240 yourself up

01:18:35.920 to the world

01:18:36.500 it's not a defensive

01:18:37.740 posture

01:18:38.300 it's not defeated

01:18:39.380 it's a posture

01:18:41.600 of voluntary

01:18:42.380 confrontation

01:18:43.000 or a posture

01:18:43.820 of moral courage

01:18:44.860 or a posture

01:18:45.680 of responsibility

01:18:46.680 and

01:18:47.920 well and there

01:18:51.100 isn't a better

01:18:51.480 way of dealing

01:18:51.920 with things

01:18:52.380 there isn't a better

01:18:53.700 way of pushing

01:18:54.400 back the suffering

01:18:55.200 and malevolence

01:18:55.840 of the world

01:18:56.500 and there isn't

01:18:56.980 a better way

01:18:57.900 of being successful

01:18:59.320 in functional

01:19:00.580 hierarchies

01:19:01.240 and so

01:19:02.260 from the knowledge

01:19:03.960 of the hierarchy

01:19:04.680 and its existence

01:19:05.480 you can understand

01:19:07.200 perception

01:19:07.800 you can understand

01:19:09.000 the role of perception

01:19:09.960 in determining action

01:19:11.080 you can understand

01:19:12.260 the role of perception

01:19:13.160 and action

01:19:13.700 in regulating emotions

01:19:14.760 and you can derive

01:19:15.880 an ethic

01:19:16.320 and all of that

01:19:17.700 as far as I'm concerned

01:19:18.540 is

01:19:18.800 on

01:19:19.620 is

01:19:20.320 what

01:19:20.920 founded on

01:19:22.240 on a firm foundation

01:19:24.020 on a rock

01:19:25.280 not on sand

01:19:26.360 it's a reflection

01:19:27.660 of the reality

01:19:28.260 of the world

01:19:28.820 so

01:19:30.180 thank you very much

01:19:32.480 I'm gonna

01:19:44.280 I'm gonna trade

01:19:45.040 with you there

01:19:45.480 so I can have

01:19:46.040 this thing

01:19:46.480 is that cool

01:19:47.140 all right

01:19:47.740 you were feeling

01:19:48.820 it tonight

01:19:49.280 huh

01:19:49.540 I can tell

01:19:50.640 on the nights

01:19:51.100 when you're feeling

01:19:51.580 it

01:19:51.740 I mean

01:19:51.940 they're feeling

01:19:52.720 it tonight

01:19:53.120 too

01:19:53.400 all right

01:20:09.380 we got a lot

01:20:09.980 of good questions

01:20:10.600 here

01:20:10.760 this one's

01:20:11.180 actually

01:20:11.560 just a statement

01:20:12.480 but I think

01:20:13.080 it sums up

01:20:13.680 a lot

01:20:14.000 of what we've

01:20:14.480 seen here

01:20:14.800 in Canada

01:20:15.260 please run

01:20:16.860 for prime minister

01:20:17.580 sorry bucko

01:20:29.340 well thank you

01:20:31.060 thank you for the

01:20:32.100 for the encouragement

01:20:33.440 I appreciate that

01:20:35.940 I

01:20:38.620 you know

01:20:39.540 I come from

01:20:40.020 the same town

01:20:40.700 as Rachel Notley

01:20:42.180 eh

01:20:42.420 yeah

01:20:43.920 well she was

01:20:45.220 she was a friend

01:20:45.960 of mine

01:20:46.280 when I was a kid

01:20:47.340 we knew each other

01:20:48.480 really well

01:20:49.040 so

01:20:50.700 so and I

01:20:51.580 I thought

01:20:52.460 I knew her parents

01:20:53.340 very well too

01:20:54.060 Grant Notley

01:20:54.800 used to run

01:20:55.360 the NDP

01:20:55.780 and he was

01:20:56.420 the only

01:20:56.880 opposition

01:20:58.300 member of

01:20:59.120 parliament

01:20:59.460 in Alberta

01:21:00.980 for like

01:21:01.500 20 years

01:21:02.500 it was ridiculous

01:21:03.400 man

01:21:03.860 and

01:21:04.580 and

01:21:05.500 people in

01:21:06.280 Fairview

01:21:07.240 didn't vote

01:21:07.740 for him

01:21:08.040 because he

01:21:08.580 was a socialist

01:21:09.200 even though

01:21:09.620 he was

01:21:09.940 a good sort

01:21:11.040 of socialist

01:21:11.520 he was

01:21:12.060 one of the people

01:21:12.780 who actually

01:21:13.240 did try to speak

01:21:14.200 on behalf

01:21:14.760 of the working

01:21:15.340 class

01:21:15.800 and the working

01:21:17.640 class needs

01:21:18.160 a political

01:21:18.560 voice

01:21:19.000 I thought

01:21:20.860 about a political

01:21:21.460 career

01:21:21.880 I've thought

01:21:23.740 about a political

01:21:24.260 career many times

01:21:25.120 in my life

01:21:25.580 but every time

01:21:26.680 I've seriously

01:21:27.860 considered it

01:21:28.600 I had other

01:21:29.640 opportunities

01:21:30.260 that were

01:21:31.440 in front of me

01:21:32.280 that seemed

01:21:32.720 to be more

01:21:33.360 I wouldn't say

01:21:35.680 pressing

01:21:36.180 because there's

01:21:37.160 plenty that's

01:21:37.880 pressing about

01:21:38.440 a political

01:21:38.800 career

01:21:39.140 but that seemed

01:21:39.900 more

01:21:41.120 what's the

01:21:43.040 right word

01:21:43.620 the priorities

01:21:45.540 they seem

01:21:46.460 to take

01:21:46.800 priority

01:21:47.280 and that

01:21:48.300 hasn't stopped

01:21:49.100 you know

01:21:49.500 like I thought

01:21:50.460 about it

01:21:50.820 a while

01:21:51.120 again

01:21:51.440 a while

01:21:51.840 ago

01:21:52.040 again

01:21:52.400 when all

01:21:53.900 this started

01:21:54.440 to emerge

01:21:54.980 and I'm

01:21:56.520 doing all

01:21:56.920 these tours

01:21:57.380 and I have

01:21:58.840 some more

01:21:59.140 books to

01:21:59.500 write

01:21:59.680 and it

01:22:00.060 just seems

01:22:00.480 to me

01:22:00.800 that that's

01:22:01.260 better

01:22:01.620 it's better

01:22:02.480 for me

01:22:02.780 to do

01:22:03.080 that

01:22:03.360 and so

01:22:03.800 so I

01:22:05.760 think

01:22:05.980 plus I

01:22:06.480 don't speak

01:22:06.940 French

01:22:07.380 that's a

01:22:07.860 problem

01:22:08.140 most of you

01:22:08.980 Albertans

01:22:09.440 know about

01:22:09.880 that problem

01:22:10.540 so

01:22:11.360 yeah

01:22:14.100 getting

01:22:14.460 Albertans

01:22:15.300 to speak

01:22:15.680 French

01:22:16.000 is like

01:22:16.320 herding

01:22:16.680 cats

01:22:17.260 doesn't

01:22:18.060 work

01:22:18.460 so

01:22:20.340 so

01:22:22.580 yeah

01:22:23.180 so what

01:22:29.200 you're saying

01:22:29.640 is you're

01:22:30.080 running

01:22:30.400 can you

01:22:35.360 please say

01:22:35.900 the following

01:22:36.460 words

01:22:37.100 this is

01:22:42.580 Kermit

01:22:42.920 the frog

01:22:43.360 reporting

01:22:43.800 from

01:22:44.060 Sesame

01:22:44.440 Street

01:22:44.880 go to

01:22:50.540 hell

01:22:50.860 what

01:23:06.460 advice

01:23:07.100 what did

01:23:07.840 you say

01:23:08.160 last night

01:23:08.700 we were

01:23:09.100 talking about

01:23:09.700 the bloody

01:23:10.220 muppets and

01:23:10.880 you said

01:23:11.240 well at

01:23:11.540 least he's

01:23:12.000 top frog

01:23:12.840 so that's

01:23:13.580 something

01:23:13.920 there's a

01:23:18.240 Pepe joke

01:23:18.880 here but I

01:23:19.440 don't want

01:23:19.680 anyone recording

01:23:20.340 this you know

01:23:20.900 what I mean

01:23:21.260 what advice

01:23:24.420 would you give

01:23:25.120 newlyweds

01:23:25.940 fight

01:23:27.800 about

01:23:29.920 everything

01:23:30.380 I really

01:23:31.720 mean that

01:23:32.220 man

01:23:32.520 there's things

01:23:33.900 to fight

01:23:34.260 about

01:23:34.560 and nothing's

01:23:35.540 too small

01:23:36.120 because you

01:23:37.120 got things

01:23:37.560 to sort

01:23:38.020 out

01:23:38.320 you know

01:23:39.160 I hear so

01:23:39.720 many people

01:23:40.320 so many

01:23:40.800 people have

01:23:41.240 come to me

01:23:41.800 and I'm

01:23:42.760 getting old

01:23:43.200 so I've

01:23:43.540 seen a lot

01:23:43.940 of this

01:23:44.260 we never

01:23:46.120 fight

01:23:46.600 it's like

01:23:48.640 that's because

01:23:49.220 you're cowardly

01:23:50.380 what you got

01:23:52.540 nothing to

01:23:53.040 fight about

01:23:53.540 really

01:23:54.100 you're not

01:23:54.780 going to

01:23:54.940 fight about

01:23:55.320 how to

01:23:55.600 split up

01:23:56.000 the household

01:23:56.520 finances

01:23:57.140 eh

01:23:57.400 you're not

01:23:57.840 going to

01:23:58.020 fight about

01:23:58.420 that

01:23:58.660 that's not

01:23:59.080 worth

01:23:59.260 fighting

01:23:59.540 about

01:23:59.660 you're

01:23:59.780 just

01:23:59.900 going to

01:24:00.020 be

01:24:00.180 bitter

01:24:00.700 and resentful

01:24:01.500 about

01:24:01.760 it

01:24:01.880 for 30

01:24:02.340 years

01:24:02.720 right

01:24:03.780 you're

01:24:04.560 not

01:24:04.640 going to

01:24:04.880 fight

01:24:05.080 about

01:24:05.340 who's

01:24:06.060 responsible

01:24:07.240 for the

01:24:07.940 domestic

01:24:08.340 duties

01:24:08.760 you're

01:24:09.060 just

01:24:09.200 going to

01:24:09.460 have

01:24:09.640 every

01:24:09.900 goddamn

01:24:10.440 mealtime

01:24:11.040 when people

01:24:11.500 have to

01:24:11.880 clean up

01:24:12.340 be miserable

01:24:13.220 because

01:24:13.780 no one

01:24:14.520 sorted it

01:24:15.100 out

01:24:15.340 that's

01:24:15.880 going to

01:24:16.040 be the

01:24:16.360 solution

01:24:16.800 right

01:24:17.720 you're

01:24:18.400 not

01:24:18.500 going to

01:24:18.680 fight

01:24:18.860 about

01:24:19.080 sex

01:24:19.640 you're

01:24:20.860 just

01:24:20.980 going to

01:24:21.200 be

01:24:21.360 deprived

01:24:22.020 or

01:24:22.700 overloaded

01:24:23.540 you're

01:24:25.800 not

01:24:25.880 going to

01:24:26.040 fight

01:24:26.220 about

01:24:26.400 how to

01:24:26.660 discipline

01:24:26.960 your

01:24:27.180 kids

01:24:27.500 because

01:24:27.860 obviously

01:24:28.620 you got

01:24:28.920 that all

01:24:29.300 taken

01:24:29.560 care

01:24:29.820 of

01:24:29.960 and

01:24:30.060 it's

01:24:30.280 not

01:24:30.460 complicated

01:24:31.020 in the

01:24:31.380 least

01:24:31.660 it's

01:24:32.340 like

01:24:32.560 you're

01:24:33.920 not

01:24:34.020 going to

01:24:34.220 fight

01:24:34.380 about

01:24:34.580 whose

01:24:34.840 career

01:24:35.280 takes

01:24:35.660 priority

01:24:36.100 under

01:24:36.400 what

01:24:36.640 conditions

01:24:37.120 you're

01:24:37.960 not

01:24:38.080 going to

01:24:38.300 fight

01:24:38.440 about

01:24:38.640 vacations

01:24:39.320 right

01:24:40.420 you're

01:24:41.240 not

01:24:41.320 going to

01:24:41.480 fight

01:24:41.620 about

01:24:41.800 how you

01:24:42.120 treat

01:24:42.400 each

01:24:42.600 other

01:24:42.780 when you

01:24:43.060 come

01:24:43.240 home

01:24:43.480 after a

01:24:43.920 long

01:24:44.120 day

01:24:44.400 you're

01:24:45.320 not

01:24:45.440 going to

01:24:45.680 fight

01:24:46.160 about

01:24:46.340 how you

01:24:46.620 treat

01:24:46.860 each

01:24:47.040 other

01:24:47.200 when you

01:24:47.460 go out

01:24:47.760 to a

01:24:48.040 party

01:24:48.300 and

01:24:48.620 where

01:24:49.160 the

01:24:49.300 boundaries

01:24:49.620 of

01:24:49.840 respect

01:24:50.140 are

01:24:50.340 you're

01:24:50.460 not

01:24:50.540 going to

01:24:50.700 fight

01:24:50.840 about

01:24:51.040 flirting

01:24:51.540 you're

01:24:53.120 not

01:24:53.200 going to

01:24:53.380 fight

01:24:53.580 about

01:24:54.020 how

01:24:54.340 attractive

01:24:54.800 you

01:24:55.020 should

01:24:55.220 look

01:24:55.400 when

01:24:55.540 you

01:24:55.640 go

01:24:55.780 out

01:24:55.880 in

01:24:55.980 public

01:24:56.380 right

01:24:57.120 no

01:24:58.800 it's

01:24:59.980 fight

01:25:00.240 it's

01:25:00.500 a fight

01:25:00.860 man

01:25:01.180 it's

01:25:01.860 a fight

01:25:02.200 like

01:25:03.280 look

01:25:03.600 if

01:25:04.020 you're

01:25:04.180 good

01:25:04.380 at

01:25:04.620 it

01:25:04.820 if

01:25:05.500 you're

01:25:05.660 good

01:25:05.840 at

01:25:06.020 it

01:25:06.120 which

01:25:06.300 you

01:25:06.460 aren't

01:25:06.800 if

01:25:07.560 you're

01:25:07.740 good

01:25:07.940 at

01:25:08.180 it

01:25:08.380 then

01:25:10.560 it

01:25:10.800 can

01:25:11.000 transform

01:25:11.540 into

01:25:12.000 the

01:25:12.260 kind

01:25:12.480 of

01:25:12.600 negotiation

01:25:13.080 where

01:25:13.660 you're

01:25:14.440 both

01:25:14.620 sitting

01:25:14.860 there

01:25:15.160 relatively

01:25:16.080 peacefully

01:25:16.600 relatively

01:25:17.840 well

01:25:18.600 controlled

01:25:19.080 discussing

01:25:20.080 the issues

01:25:20.960 rationally

01:25:21.540 it's

01:25:21.920 like

01:25:22.140 you

01:25:23.160 have

01:25:23.360 to

01:25:23.480 bloody

01:25:23.800 well

01:25:24.020 be

01:25:24.200 unbelievably

01:25:24.840 sophisticated

01:25:25.460 to

01:25:25.860 manage

01:25:26.160 that

01:25:26.440 it's

01:25:26.940 really

01:25:27.500 really

01:25:28.040 really

01:25:28.380 hard

01:25:28.700 partly

01:25:29.260 because

01:25:29.560 you

01:25:29.720 have

01:25:29.900 to

01:25:30.040 take

01:25:30.240 the

01:25:30.380 other

01:25:30.540 person's

01:25:31.020 side

01:25:31.300 as

01:25:31.520 well

01:25:31.700 which

01:25:31.920 is

01:25:32.020 another

01:25:32.240 thing

01:25:32.500 I

01:25:32.640 would

01:25:32.780 really

01:25:33.500 also

01:25:33.940 recommend

01:25:34.460 to

01:25:34.760 newlyweds

01:25:35.300 is

01:25:35.480 like

01:25:35.680 don't

01:25:36.380 be

01:25:36.540 thinking

01:25:36.820 that

01:25:37.040 that

01:25:37.220 other

01:25:37.400 person

01:25:37.740 isn't

01:25:38.040 you

01:25:38.320 you're

01:25:39.300 stuck

01:25:39.600 with

01:25:39.800 them

01:25:40.020 they're

01:25:40.560 you

01:25:40.880 and

01:25:41.760 so

01:25:41.980 if

01:25:42.180 they

01:25:42.320 make

01:25:42.540 a

01:25:42.680 bad

01:25:43.040 argument

01:25:43.520 about

01:25:44.380 something

01:25:44.820 that

01:25:45.320 they're

01:25:45.620 upset

01:25:46.060 about

01:25:46.380 you

01:25:46.800 should

01:25:46.980 step

01:25:47.260 in

01:25:47.420 and

01:25:47.540 help

01:25:47.700 them

01:25:47.860 make

01:25:48.020 the

01:25:48.160 argument

01:25:48.440 better

01:25:48.820 because

01:25:49.300 they

01:25:49.500 might

01:25:49.700 be

01:25:49.860 right

01:25:50.120 despite

01:25:50.480 their

01:25:50.780 incoherence

01:25:51.440 and

01:25:51.680 annoying

01:25:52.460 existence

01:25:53.820 so

01:25:57.560 you

01:25:58.180 got

01:25:58.380 lots

01:25:58.700 there's

01:25:59.000 lots

01:25:59.260 to

01:25:59.480 straighten

01:25:59.840 out

01:26:00.200 and

01:26:00.520 you

01:26:01.120 know

01:26:01.320 and

01:26:01.580 the

01:26:01.700 reason

01:26:01.900 I

01:26:02.080 say

01:26:02.300 fight

01:26:02.680 too

01:26:02.960 is

01:26:03.120 I

01:26:03.480 didn't

01:26:04.420 say

01:26:04.640 debate

01:26:05.080 and

01:26:05.400 the

01:26:05.520 reason

01:26:05.700 I

01:26:05.860 didn't

01:26:06.020 say

01:26:06.180 debate

01:26:06.460 is

01:26:06.620 because

01:26:06.760 I

01:26:06.900 didn't

01:26:07.120 mean

01:26:07.340 debate

01:26:07.740 I

01:26:08.180 meant

01:26:08.420 fight

01:26:08.880 because

01:26:09.600 it's

01:26:09.860 really

01:26:10.160 hard

01:26:10.520 to

01:26:10.720 do

01:26:10.860 this

01:26:11.180 and

01:26:11.680 you

01:26:11.800 have

01:26:12.080 to

01:26:12.200 be

01:26:12.500 willing

01:26:13.240 to

01:26:13.580 have

01:26:13.900 conflict

01:26:14.440 and

01:26:14.720 conflict

01:26:15.180 is

01:26:15.660 really

01:26:16.040 hard

01:26:16.340 on

01:26:16.520 people

01:26:16.840 you

01:26:17.560 know

01:26:17.720 like

01:26:18.000 I've

01:26:18.520 been

01:26:18.660 in

01:26:18.860 a

01:26:19.040 constant

01:26:19.460 state

01:26:19.760 of

01:26:19.920 conflict

01:26:20.300 in

01:26:20.820 the

01:26:20.920 last

01:26:21.160 two

01:26:21.400 years

01:26:21.720 and

01:26:21.920 it's

01:26:22.140 you

01:26:22.760 know

01:26:22.900 it's

01:26:23.120 not

01:26:23.300 I

01:26:23.500 don't

01:26:23.800 enjoy

01:26:24.160 conflict

01:26:24.640 it

01:26:25.220 makes

01:26:25.440 my

01:26:25.640 heart

01:26:25.920 race

01:26:26.540 it

01:26:27.120 wears

01:26:27.860 me

01:26:28.100 out

01:26:28.280 it

01:26:28.480 makes

01:26:28.720 me

01:26:28.900 sweat

01:26:29.400 like

01:26:30.060 it

01:26:30.340 leaves

01:26:30.940 me

01:26:31.140 often

01:26:31.480 with

01:26:31.700 a

01:26:31.840 feeling

01:26:32.080 of

01:26:32.340 doom

01:26:32.660 it's

01:26:33.000 not

01:26:33.380 pleasant

01:26:33.860 but

01:26:34.740 it's

01:26:35.380 better

01:26:35.600 to

01:26:41.180 two

01:26:41.440 decades

01:26:41.960 you

01:26:43.180 know

01:26:43.360 so

01:26:43.720 and

01:26:44.200 as

01:26:44.500 a

01:26:44.720 clinician

01:26:45.640 I've

01:26:46.020 seen

01:26:46.240 this

01:26:46.460 I've

01:26:46.700 seen

01:26:46.920 families

01:26:47.620 every

01:26:49.040 member

01:26:49.520 of the

01:26:49.840 family

01:26:50.120 has

01:26:50.360 their

01:26:50.520 hands

01:26:50.800 around

01:26:51.120 at

01:26:51.380 least

01:26:51.580 one

01:26:53.520 other

01:26:53.760 family

01:26:54.140 member

01:26:54.460 and

01:26:54.860 they're

01:26:55.000 squeezing

01:26:55.360 hard

01:26:55.680 enough

01:26:55.940 to

01:26:56.300 choke

01:26:56.660 them

01:26:56.900 over

01:26:57.380 20

01:26:57.720 years

01:26:58.140 it's

01:26:59.200 hideously

01:27:00.120 ugly

01:27:00.600 and

01:27:01.460 part of

01:27:01.780 the

01:27:01.880 reason

01:27:02.120 for

01:27:02.300 that

01:27:02.440 is

01:27:02.560 all

01:27:02.720 the

01:27:02.860 resentment

01:27:04.580 that

01:27:05.060 builds

01:27:05.320 up

01:27:05.520 because

01:27:05.760 all

01:27:05.960 the

01:27:06.080 fights

01:27:06.340 aren't

01:27:06.640 out

01:27:07.040 in

01:27:07.140 the

01:27:07.220 open

01:27:07.500 it's

01:27:08.120 like

01:27:08.240 it's

01:27:08.420 really

01:27:08.680 hard

01:27:09.000 to

01:27:09.200 establish

01:27:09.620 peace

01:27:10.060 with

01:27:10.260 your

01:27:10.420 partner

01:27:10.780 because

01:27:11.320 you're

01:27:11.580 stupid

01:27:12.480 you're

01:27:12.840 both

01:27:13.040 stupid

01:27:13.380 you're

01:27:13.640 both

01:27:13.840 blind

01:27:14.160 you can't

01:27:14.600 argue

01:27:14.880 you can't

01:27:15.620 talk

01:27:15.920 you can't

01:27:16.560 think

01:27:16.820 and you're

01:27:17.460 full of

01:27:17.760 biases

01:27:18.280 and

01:27:18.940 malevolence

01:27:20.920 it's like

01:27:21.580 that's the

01:27:22.180 situation

01:27:22.760 and it's

01:27:23.660 really hard

01:27:24.220 to

01:27:24.500 take that

01:27:25.600 and to

01:27:26.020 forge

01:27:26.880 peace

01:27:27.300 out of

01:27:27.600 it

01:27:27.760 it's

01:27:28.280 unbelievably

01:27:28.880 difficult

01:27:29.380 and it

01:27:29.760 takes

01:27:30.020 conflict

01:27:30.620 it takes

01:27:31.340 hitting

01:27:31.800 yourself

01:27:32.200 up against

01:27:32.700 each other

01:27:33.100 and that's

01:27:33.780 actually

01:27:34.080 something

01:27:34.440 that produces

01:27:35.280 a certain

01:27:35.700 amount

01:27:35.940 of dynamism

01:27:36.580 in the

01:27:36.860 relationship

01:27:37.320 and it

01:27:37.900 requires

01:27:38.300 truth

01:27:38.860 it's like

01:27:39.800 so if

01:27:40.120 you're

01:27:40.260 not

01:27:40.520 happy

01:27:40.940 and you

01:27:41.520 won't

01:27:41.820 be

01:27:42.000 if

01:27:42.380 you're

01:27:42.480 not

01:27:42.660 happy

01:27:42.940 with

01:27:43.120 your

01:27:43.240 partner

01:27:43.560 if

01:27:43.760 you're

01:27:43.860 not

01:27:43.980 happy

01:27:44.220 with

01:27:44.400 something

01:27:44.680 they've

01:27:44.960 done

01:27:45.220 you have

01:27:45.880 to say

01:27:46.320 so

01:27:46.640 and

01:27:47.200 but you

01:27:47.560 have to

01:27:47.860 say so

01:27:48.220 carefully

01:27:48.600 you have

01:27:48.860 to say

01:27:49.180 I'm

01:27:50.940 not

01:27:51.140 happy

01:27:51.500 with

01:27:52.320 this

01:27:52.520 thing

01:27:52.760 that

01:27:52.920 happened

01:27:53.280 you try

01:27:53.920 to make

01:27:54.180 it

01:27:54.300 the

01:27:54.440 smallest

01:27:54.740 thing

01:27:55.040 you can

01:27:55.500 you don't

01:27:55.840 go after

01:27:56.200 the

01:27:56.360 person's

01:27:56.760 throat

01:27:57.000 right

01:27:57.300 first

01:27:57.620 move

01:27:58.040 smallest

01:27:58.720 thing

01:27:59.000 possible

01:27:59.360 and you

01:28:00.180 say

01:28:00.420 it might

01:28:01.660 be me

01:28:02.220 I might

01:28:02.780 be stupid

01:28:03.320 and ignorant

01:28:03.740 and I

01:28:04.080 probably

01:28:04.520 am

01:28:04.860 but as

01:28:05.340 far as

01:28:05.620 I can

01:28:05.900 tell

01:28:06.180 this is

01:28:07.420 your

01:28:07.600 doing

01:28:07.920 and then

01:28:08.800 you

01:28:08.940 yeah but

01:28:11.760 you're not

01:28:12.120 lying when

01:28:12.840 you say

01:28:13.240 that

01:28:13.580 you're not

01:28:14.280 lying

01:28:14.720 and you

01:28:15.020 say

01:28:15.280 you say

01:28:15.900 look

01:28:16.180 if you

01:28:16.500 can

01:28:16.720 look

01:28:17.860 if you

01:28:18.120 can

01:28:18.260 tell me

01:28:18.620 that I'm

01:28:18.960 stupid

01:28:19.380 and miserable

01:28:19.980 and

01:28:20.560 ignorant

01:28:21.460 and immature

01:28:22.220 for being

01:28:22.920 unhappy

01:28:23.380 and you

01:28:24.160 can convince

01:28:24.640 me

01:28:24.840 please

01:28:25.220 do so

01:28:25.760 because

01:28:26.160 if I'm

01:28:26.600 wrong

01:28:26.840 I need

01:28:27.240 to know

01:28:27.560 so I

01:28:27.900 can stop

01:28:28.320 being

01:28:28.560 miserable

01:28:28.900 and if

01:28:29.860 you think

01:28:30.220 it's me

01:28:30.580 and not

01:28:30.900 you

01:28:31.120 please tell

01:28:31.760 me

01:28:31.960 and I'll

01:28:32.600 listen

01:28:32.940 because

01:28:33.340 if it

01:28:33.780 is me

01:28:34.200 then I

01:28:34.540 could

01:28:34.680 stop

01:28:34.960 doing

01:28:35.200 it

01:28:35.340 and

01:28:35.520 then

01:28:35.680 we

01:28:35.840 don't

01:28:35.980 have

01:28:36.120 to

01:28:36.220 put

01:28:36.340 up

01:28:36.460 with

01:28:36.580 this

01:28:36.740 for the

01:28:36.980 next

01:28:37.160 50

01:28:37.720 bloody

01:28:38.220 years

01:28:38.980 right

01:28:39.980 that's

01:28:40.340 the

01:28:40.440 thing

01:28:40.620 you

01:28:40.740 have

01:28:40.920 to

01:28:41.060 remember

01:28:41.460 is

01:28:42.240 that

01:28:42.360 you

01:28:42.480 don't

01:28:42.740 want

01:28:42.900 to

01:28:43.000 put

01:28:43.140 up

01:28:43.300 with

01:28:43.480 it

01:28:43.600 for

01:28:43.740 the

01:28:43.860 next

01:28:44.040 50

01:28:44.400 years

01:28:44.780 and

01:28:45.380 so

01:28:45.640 you

01:28:46.400 have

01:28:46.840 to

01:28:47.020 confront

01:28:47.500 the

01:28:47.700 other

01:28:47.840 person

01:28:48.160 with

01:28:48.340 your

01:28:48.480 unhappiness

01:28:49.080 and

01:28:49.460 also

01:28:49.720 your

01:28:49.960 happiness

01:28:50.380 like

01:28:50.680 if

01:28:50.800 they

01:28:50.940 do

01:28:51.120 something

01:29:01.760 don't

01:29:03.040 punish

01:29:03.400 them

01:29:03.620 because

01:29:03.860 that's

01:29:04.180 an

01:29:04.280 excellent

01:29:04.540 time

01:29:04.840 to

01:29:05.000 punish

01:29:05.280 them

01:29:05.460 because

01:29:05.660 it

01:29:05.820 really

01:29:06.020 is

01:29:06.240 a

01:29:06.360 great

01:29:06.580 time

01:29:06.800 to

01:29:06.960 punish

01:29:07.200 someone

01:29:07.440 if

01:29:07.600 you

01:29:07.700 really

01:29:07.900 want

01:29:08.080 to

01:29:08.160 hurt

01:29:08.340 them

01:29:08.520 wait

01:29:08.860 till

01:29:09.020 they

01:29:09.140 do

01:29:09.260 something

01:29:09.540 good

01:29:09.880 jab

01:29:10.820 them

01:29:11.040 that

01:29:12.220 really

01:29:12.520 hurts

01:29:12.820 they'll

01:29:13.240 never

01:29:13.560 do

01:29:13.860 that

01:29:14.120 good

01:29:14.400 thing

01:29:14.680 again

01:29:15.140 that's

01:29:15.880 the

01:29:16.020 price

01:29:16.280 you'll

01:29:16.520 pay

01:29:16.720 but

01:29:16.920 it's

01:29:17.100 very

01:29:17.320 effective

01:29:17.740 if

01:29:17.980 you're

01:29:18.120 looking

01:29:18.300 for

01:29:18.480 some

01:29:18.680 vengeance

01:29:19.020 and

01:29:19.640 if

01:29:19.760 you

01:29:19.860 don't

01:29:20.040 think

01:29:20.240 people

01:29:20.560 are

01:29:20.680 like

01:29:20.900 that

01:29:21.140 then

01:29:21.340 you're

01:29:21.480 not

01:29:21.640 paying

01:29:21.860 attention

01:29:22.340 so

01:29:23.180 but

01:29:24.480 so

01:29:25.380 you

01:29:25.520 want

01:29:25.680 to

01:29:25.760 have

01:29:25.980 that

01:29:26.220 conflict

01:29:26.660 and

01:29:27.040 it's

01:29:27.240 really

01:29:27.500 unpleasant

01:29:28.040 it's

01:29:28.360 really

01:29:28.580 unpleasant

01:29:29.000 and

01:29:29.260 it'll

01:29:29.480 stress

01:29:30.060 your

01:29:30.440 relationship

01:29:30.980 but

01:29:31.740 if

01:29:31.900 you

01:29:32.040 stress

01:29:33.220 the

01:29:33.580 relationship

01:29:34.080 and

01:29:34.860 then

01:29:35.000 you

01:29:35.140 solve

01:29:35.460 the

01:29:35.640 problem

01:29:35.880 it'll

01:29:36.100 snap

01:29:36.420 back

01:29:36.880 and

01:29:37.660 then

01:29:37.800 it'll

01:29:37.960 be

01:29:38.120 stronger

01:29:38.600 than

01:29:38.860 it

01:29:39.000 was

01:29:39.220 because

01:29:39.520 by

01:29:40.020 stressing

01:29:40.500 it

01:29:40.700 like

01:29:40.900 that

01:29:41.220 and

01:29:41.640 having

01:29:42.020 it

01:29:42.200 snap

01:29:42.460 back

01:29:42.820 because

01:29:43.100 you

01:29:43.260 solved

01:29:43.500 the

01:29:43.660 problem

01:29:43.880 you

01:29:44.020 actually

01:29:44.300 tighten

01:29:44.720 the

01:29:44.940 bonds

01:29:45.260 that

01:29:45.500 hold

01:29:46.540 you

01:29:51.340 under

01:29:51.460 the

01:29:51.640 pretense

01:29:52.100 of

01:29:52.300 peace

01:29:52.540 but

01:29:52.740 it's

01:29:52.880 a

01:29:52.980 complete

01:29:53.200 bloody

01:29:53.500 lie

01:29:53.840 and

01:29:54.300 you

01:29:54.420 never

01:29:54.800 test

01:29:56.060 the

01:29:56.320 relationship

01:29:56.880 because

01:29:57.800 you

01:29:58.040 don't

01:29:58.280 test

01:29:58.580 it

01:29:58.680 you

01:29:58.780 don't

01:29:58.980 strengthen

01:29:59.380 it

01:29:59.960 and

01:30:00.420 so

01:30:00.640 it's

01:30:01.520 you know

01:30:01.960 one of the

01:30:02.300 things that

01:30:02.680 Carl Jung

01:30:03.140 said is

01:30:03.960 men and

01:30:04.540 women

01:30:04.720 wouldn't have

01:30:05.120 to fall

01:30:05.440 in love

01:30:05.740 if they

01:30:06.000 could

01:30:06.140 get

01:30:06.300 along

01:30:06.660 right

01:30:11.140 right

01:30:12.160 it's so

01:30:12.640 smart

01:30:13.200 you know

01:30:14.800 and we

01:30:15.600 are

01:30:15.800 and we're

01:30:16.160 different

01:30:16.440 as

01:30:16.640 individuals

01:30:17.100 and we're

01:30:17.540 different

01:30:17.860 as

01:30:18.660 sexes

01:30:19.620 and so

01:30:20.420 there's

01:30:20.680 conflict

01:30:21.140 to be

01:30:21.480 had

01:30:21.720 but

01:30:21.940 in that

01:30:22.480 conflict

01:30:22.920 you know

01:30:23.280 it's the

01:30:23.640 tempering

01:30:24.220 it tempers

01:30:25.220 you

01:30:25.420 and it

01:30:25.800 turns you

01:30:26.560 into a

01:30:26.920 better

01:30:27.080 person

01:30:27.520 but you

01:30:28.180 have to

01:30:28.560 you have

01:30:29.380 to engage

01:30:29.900 in it

01:30:30.180 and that

01:30:30.660 takes

01:30:30.940 courage

01:30:31.380 and

01:30:31.760 that's

01:30:33.320 what I

01:30:33.520 would say

01:30:33.860 if you're

01:30:34.120 newlyweds

01:30:34.580 tell each

01:30:35.640 other the

01:30:36.000 truth

01:30:36.340 tell each

01:30:37.080 other the

01:30:37.440 truth

01:30:37.760 right

01:30:38.360 don't use

01:30:39.060 it as a

01:30:39.440 weapon

01:30:39.720 because that's

01:30:40.320 not the

01:30:40.660 truth

01:30:40.980 tell your

01:30:43.020 partner the

01:30:43.620 truth

01:30:43.940 whatever it

01:30:44.840 is

01:30:45.120 all the

01:30:45.900 awful

01:30:46.220 truth

01:30:46.660 and see

01:30:47.840 if you

01:30:48.140 can

01:30:48.420 forge a

01:30:49.560 relationship

01:30:50.020 out of

01:30:50.440 that

01:30:50.620 truth

01:30:50.940 and then

01:30:51.300 you'll have

01:30:51.600 something

01:30:51.940 that will

01:30:52.700 last you

01:30:53.340 through the

01:30:54.540 trials and

01:30:55.280 tribulations

01:30:55.760 of life

01:30:56.300 you'll have

01:30:57.180 the foundation

01:30:57.900 you'll have

01:30:59.140 laid the

01:30:59.500 foundation so

01:31:00.160 that you

01:31:00.460 can raise

01:31:01.440 children

01:31:01.940 in security

01:31:03.600 and with a

01:31:04.580 certain amount

01:31:05.040 of pleasure

01:31:05.480 and you'll be

01:31:08.040 there for each

01:31:08.640 other and you'll

01:31:09.600 have someone to

01:31:10.600 tie the story of

01:31:12.280 your life

01:31:12.780 together with the

01:31:13.860 story of their

01:31:14.380 life and to

01:31:14.880 make a rope

01:31:15.420 that's much

01:31:15.980 stronger and

01:31:17.280 thicker as a

01:31:18.220 consequence of

01:31:18.900 that that's

01:31:19.840 all dependent

01:31:20.400 on telling

01:31:21.600 the truth

01:31:22.120 to your

01:31:22.620 partner and

01:31:23.080 having the

01:31:23.540 courage to

01:31:23.980 engage in

01:31:24.460 the conflict

01:31:24.860 that that

01:31:25.200 will produce

01:31:25.720 so and

01:31:27.900 don't say

01:31:28.760 we never

01:31:29.420 fight

01:31:29.740 it's like

01:31:30.320 Christ

01:31:30.800 there's things

01:31:31.340 to fight

01:31:31.700 about you

01:31:32.280 know life

01:31:32.780 is really

01:31:33.280 hard and

01:31:34.320 so even

01:31:35.360 when you're

01:31:35.780 trying to

01:31:36.080 make a

01:31:36.380 decision about

01:31:37.700 something there

01:31:38.880 has to be some

01:31:39.560 combat about

01:31:40.360 that like I

01:31:41.120 was reading the

01:31:41.720 other day this

01:31:42.700 book called

01:31:43.260 the master and

01:31:44.140 his emissary and

01:31:45.940 it's about how

01:31:46.400 the right and

01:31:46.820 left hemisphere

01:31:47.380 work together and

01:31:48.180 they work in

01:31:49.360 conflict with each

01:31:50.160 other it's partly

01:31:50.840 why you have two

01:31:51.440 hemispheres if you

01:31:52.720 want to make a

01:31:53.200 really fine

01:31:53.780 adjustment with

01:31:54.520 your hand like

01:31:56.220 let's say you

01:31:56.640 have to move it

01:31:57.100 very slowly to

01:31:57.860 make a fine

01:31:58.280 adjustment the

01:31:59.160 best way to do

01:31:59.700 that is to take

01:32:00.280 your other hand

01:32:00.800 and push against

01:32:01.620 it and then

01:32:02.740 move finally you

01:32:04.440 can do it with a

01:32:05.000 lot more control

01:32:05.660 and so to make

01:32:06.600 really fine

01:32:07.180 adjustments in

01:32:08.440 things you need

01:32:08.980 to have terrible

01:32:09.920 tension you have

01:32:11.280 to be pushing

01:32:12.020 against each other

01:32:12.920 and to make the

01:32:13.900 fine judgments that

01:32:14.740 you have to make

01:32:15.260 for example when

01:32:15.920 you're figuring out

01:32:16.440 how to discipline

01:32:17.040 children which is

01:32:17.860 unbelievably complicated

01:32:19.000 thing to do you

01:32:20.020 need that tension

01:32:20.840 and that pressure

01:32:21.580 and that way you

01:32:22.740 can make fine

01:32:23.540 adjustments and

01:32:24.240 fine movements

01:32:24.900 but it requires

01:32:25.900 the ability to

01:32:26.680 tolerate that

01:32:27.360 conflict so

01:32:29.160 there that's what

01:32:31.020 I would tell

01:32:31.440 newlyweds

01:32:32.000 does Canada need

01:32:43.060 to build a wall

01:32:43.860 to keep out the

01:32:44.540 Americans

01:32:45.020 well then we

01:32:51.400 wouldn't have Dave

01:32:52.320 what the hell

01:32:52.800 would we do

01:32:53.180 without Dave

01:32:53.840 what do you

01:33:00.140 like most

01:33:00.940 and dislike

01:33:01.600 most about

01:33:02.380 living in

01:33:03.040 Canada

01:33:03.340 what do I

01:33:07.940 like most

01:33:08.740 well it's a

01:33:10.680 pretty good

01:33:11.020 country

01:33:11.400 I mean you

01:33:12.020 know

01:33:12.220 things work

01:33:13.560 pretty well

01:33:14.020 here

01:33:14.280 so

01:33:14.680 Toronto

01:33:16.880 I won't

01:33:17.900 talk about

01:33:18.300 Toronto too

01:33:18.780 much

01:33:18.980 because you're

01:33:19.380 all Albertans

01:33:19.860 I moved

01:33:22.360 there much

01:33:22.740 to my

01:33:23.040 chagrin

01:33:23.440 and

01:33:24.620 you know

01:33:25.940 it works

01:33:26.300 pretty well

01:33:26.800 it's a pretty

01:33:27.200 good city

01:33:27.680 and this is

01:33:28.700 a pretty good

01:33:29.000 country

01:33:29.360 where the hell

01:33:30.540 else would you

01:33:31.020 live

01:33:31.280 I mean it's

01:33:31.860 too damn

01:33:32.220 cold in the

01:33:32.640 winter obviously

01:33:33.300 but it keeps

01:33:33.780 the poisonous

01:33:34.200 snakes down

01:33:34.940 mostly

01:33:35.360 so that's a

01:33:35.960 plus

01:33:36.220 and we've

01:33:38.640 got it pretty

01:33:39.120 good here

01:33:39.560 we've got a

01:33:40.060 nice combination

01:33:40.860 of opportunity

01:33:43.700 and stability

01:33:45.080 and we have

01:33:46.440 good solid

01:33:47.540 democratic

01:33:48.080 institutions

01:33:48.760 and we

01:33:51.060 have every

01:33:51.420 reason to be

01:33:51.940 thrilled out of

01:33:52.480 our skull

01:33:52.880 for being

01:33:53.320 here

01:33:53.600 and so

01:33:54.520 I'm very

01:33:55.620 grateful for

01:33:56.220 that

01:33:56.540 what do I

01:34:05.720 dislike about

01:34:06.480 it

01:34:06.720 I don't

01:34:07.940 like Bill

01:34:08.420 C-16

01:34:09.160 I'm not

01:34:09.640 that

01:34:09.860 fun

01:34:10.140 what's the

01:34:21.140 best advice

01:34:21.940 you can

01:34:22.580 give a

01:34:23.220 young man

01:34:23.860 dealing with

01:34:24.720 an addiction

01:34:25.280 well I

01:34:30.700 have this

01:34:31.080 program online

01:34:31.900 called the

01:34:32.320 future authoring

01:34:33.060 program I

01:34:33.600 would say

01:34:33.860 you should

01:34:34.080 go do

01:34:34.380 that

01:34:34.740 and there's

01:34:36.460 there's two

01:34:36.980 parts there's

01:34:37.540 three parts of

01:34:38.100 it so I'll

01:34:38.420 just outline the

01:34:39.020 parts really

01:34:39.440 quickly in the

01:34:40.460 first part you

01:34:41.860 answer seven

01:34:42.660 questions about

01:34:43.400 how you would

01:34:43.860 like your life

01:34:44.500 to be if you

01:34:45.140 could have the

01:34:46.480 life that you

01:34:47.240 would choose if

01:34:47.840 you were being

01:34:48.240 good to yourself

01:34:49.000 like you took

01:34:50.240 care of yourself

01:34:50.940 what do you want

01:34:52.460 from your family

01:34:53.220 your friends

01:34:54.160 your career

01:34:56.320 how are you

01:34:57.820 going to educate

01:34:58.260 yourself take

01:34:59.400 care of yourself

01:34:59.920 physically and

01:35:00.520 mentally regulate

01:35:02.760 your use of

01:35:03.540 drugs and alcohol

01:35:04.420 and make

01:35:06.460 productive and

01:35:07.400 meaningful use of

01:35:08.260 your time outside

01:35:08.940 work three to

01:35:10.580 five years down

01:35:11.280 the road you

01:35:12.620 can have what

01:35:13.040 you want but

01:35:14.080 you have to

01:35:14.380 specify it

01:35:15.360 that's like rule

01:35:17.880 ten be precise in

01:35:18.940 your speech you

01:35:20.540 won't hit a target

01:35:21.200 unless you specify

01:35:21.980 it you won't hit a

01:35:22.880 target unless you

01:35:23.420 aim at it so

01:35:24.800 let's assume that

01:35:25.480 you could have

01:35:25.880 what you needed

01:35:26.440 but you have to

01:35:27.780 say what it is

01:35:28.500 so you answer

01:35:29.760 those questions

01:35:30.340 then you write

01:35:30.860 for 15 minutes

01:35:31.820 about what your

01:35:32.460 life could be

01:35:32.960 like three to

01:35:33.460 five years down

01:35:34.020 the road if

01:35:34.440 it was put in

01:35:35.860 if you could

01:35:36.840 have what you

01:35:37.200 what would

01:35:38.280 what what

01:35:41.140 what would

01:35:42.200 appear to you

01:35:42.740 using the best

01:35:43.380 of your judgment

01:35:43.940 to be a life

01:35:44.800 that would

01:35:45.120 justify its

01:35:46.000 its tragedy

01:35:47.020 let's say

01:35:48.200 that's the first

01:35:50.160 part

01:35:50.460 the second

01:35:51.200 part

01:35:51.660 write for 15

01:35:55.220 minutes

01:35:55.600 about what

01:35:58.060 your life

01:35:58.400 will be like

01:35:58.900 if you let

01:36:00.680 all the

01:36:01.000 all your

01:36:03.260 weakness of

01:36:03.960 character

01:36:04.440 and your

01:36:05.540 susceptibility to

01:36:06.580 temptation

01:36:07.160 and to error

01:36:08.340 fully manifest

01:36:09.680 itself

01:36:10.120 and take you

01:36:11.440 out

01:36:11.780 so that's like

01:36:13.840 you write a

01:36:14.600 little description

01:36:15.120 of the promised

01:36:17.320 land and a

01:36:17.800 little description

01:36:18.300 of hell

01:36:18.900 and then you

01:36:20.860 have every reason

01:36:21.640 to walk uphill

01:36:22.820 towards the

01:36:23.420 promised land

01:36:23.980 and every reason

01:36:24.680 to run the

01:36:25.280 hell away from

01:36:26.020 hell

01:36:26.420 and if you're

01:36:27.800 wrestling with

01:36:28.300 addiction

01:36:28.700 partly what you're

01:36:29.560 not doing is

01:36:30.220 you're not

01:36:30.720 thinking it

01:36:31.320 through

01:36:31.700 because no

01:36:33.240 matter how

01:36:33.700 bad it is

01:36:34.280 now it's

01:36:34.780 nowhere near

01:36:35.280 as bad

01:36:35.640 as it's

01:36:35.960 going to

01:36:36.200 get

01:36:36.460 and so

01:36:37.640 that's a

01:36:38.020 pit

01:36:38.200 it's not

01:36:38.580 going to

01:36:38.780 only take

01:36:39.300 you

01:36:39.540 it's going

01:36:39.840 to take

01:36:40.140 you and

01:36:40.520 your family

01:36:41.100 and it's

01:36:41.700 going to

01:36:41.880 take everything

01:36:42.520 that you

01:36:42.980 could have

01:36:43.340 offered to

01:36:43.800 the community

01:36:44.360 and it's

01:36:45.940 going to

01:36:46.220 tear you

01:36:47.320 into bits

01:36:47.920 and it's

01:36:48.420 going to

01:36:48.600 do it

01:36:48.860 in its

01:36:49.200 own

01:36:49.480 particular

01:36:50.000 pernicious

01:36:50.500 way

01:36:50.920 and it's

01:36:51.600 a way

01:36:51.840 you already

01:36:52.400 know

01:36:52.760 and if

01:36:53.520 you write

01:36:54.620 all that

01:36:55.040 down

01:36:55.460 and you've

01:36:56.020 got to let

01:36:56.280 your imagination

01:36:56.860 run

01:36:57.340 you've got to

01:36:57.680 think okay

01:36:58.140 like let's

01:36:58.960 drop the

01:36:59.520 lies for a

01:37:00.420 minute

01:37:00.620 often associated

01:37:02.020 with addiction

01:37:02.680 by the way

01:37:03.240 because what

01:37:04.460 happens

01:37:04.920 here's a fun

01:37:06.960 little story

01:37:07.520 so you know

01:37:09.960 there's this

01:37:10.460 idea that if

01:37:11.200 you're a heroin

01:37:11.800 addict you have

01:37:12.460 a monkey on

01:37:13.040 your back

01:37:13.560 here's how

01:37:14.780 that monkey

01:37:15.320 works

01:37:15.860 so drugs of

01:37:18.380 abuse like

01:37:19.060 cocaine and

01:37:19.760 heroin

01:37:20.460 methamphetamines

01:37:21.460 alcohol for

01:37:22.980 people who are

01:37:23.500 susceptible to

01:37:24.220 alcohol are

01:37:25.620 technically

01:37:26.320 dopaminergic

01:37:27.360 agonists

01:37:28.000 dopamine is

01:37:29.300 the neurochemical

01:37:30.640 that produces

01:37:31.320 hope

01:37:32.400 and

01:37:33.380 interest

01:37:34.820 and

01:37:35.320 excitement

01:37:36.660 enthusiasm

01:37:37.280 pleasure

01:37:37.900 all of those

01:37:38.500 things

01:37:38.720 that's all

01:37:39.120 dopaminergically

01:37:40.000 mediated

01:37:40.520 so if you

01:37:41.580 take a chemical

01:37:42.280 that spikes

01:37:42.920 your dopamine

01:37:43.440 levels up

01:37:44.000 especially

01:37:44.400 suddenly

01:37:45.120 which is why

01:37:46.060 snorting works

01:37:46.900 better than

01:37:47.360 ingesting

01:37:47.840 and injecting

01:37:48.620 works even

01:37:49.080 better than

01:37:49.520 snorting

01:37:49.940 suddenly

01:37:50.840 then you

01:37:51.600 flood the

01:37:52.340 dopaminergic

01:37:52.960 systems

01:37:53.440 and it'll

01:37:54.560 produce this

01:37:55.300 ecstatic

01:37:56.200 feeling

01:37:56.760 okay so

01:37:58.560 now

01:37:59.580 so that's

01:38:01.240 why people

01:38:01.640 take cocaine

01:38:02.320 it's no mystery

01:38:03.560 why we take

01:38:04.200 cocaine

01:38:04.580 the mystery

01:38:05.820 is that we

01:38:06.340 don't all

01:38:06.760 take it all

01:38:07.240 the time

01:38:07.640 and do

01:38:07.940 nothing else

01:38:08.560 I'm telling

01:38:09.900 you the truth

01:38:10.340 that is the

01:38:10.840 biochemical

01:38:11.300 mystery

01:38:11.700 it's not

01:38:12.100 obvious why

01:38:12.700 people won't

01:38:13.660 just do that

01:38:14.460 all the time

01:38:15.100 so but they

01:38:16.220 don't

01:38:16.900 and so

01:38:18.000 so let's

01:38:18.620 say that

01:38:19.040 you're experimenting

01:38:20.120 with cocaine

01:38:20.820 and it works

01:38:22.620 pretty well

01:38:23.060 for a while

01:38:23.500 but then you

01:38:23.960 start to pay

01:38:24.440 a price

01:38:24.800 with the

01:38:25.120 crashes

01:38:25.460 and then

01:38:26.580 you notice

01:38:26.960 that you

01:38:27.920 need more

01:38:28.300 and more

01:38:28.540 cocaine

01:38:28.960 to get

01:38:29.280 the same

01:38:29.580 effect

01:38:29.900 because you're

01:38:30.260 developing

01:38:30.620 tolerance

01:38:31.100 and the

01:38:31.340 crashes are

01:38:31.800 getting worse

01:38:32.280 and you

01:38:34.380 need the

01:38:34.740 cocaine to

01:38:35.280 get you

01:38:35.600 through the

01:38:35.880 crashes

01:38:36.220 and so

01:38:37.320 then you

01:38:37.640 start to

01:38:38.300 you start

01:38:39.700 lie to

01:38:40.060 yourself

01:38:40.460 so you

01:38:42.140 know that

01:38:42.580 you shouldn't

01:38:43.300 do it

01:38:43.660 and then you

01:38:44.380 come up with

01:38:44.780 a bunch of

01:38:45.160 reasons

01:38:45.500 why it's

01:38:46.380 okay just

01:38:47.200 this once

01:38:48.120 then you

01:38:49.700 take the

01:38:50.000 cocaine

01:38:50.380 okay so

01:38:51.480 what's the

01:38:51.820 problem

01:38:52.100 with that

01:38:52.520 well dopamine

01:38:53.540 does two

01:38:54.140 things

01:38:54.560 makes you

01:38:55.660 feel good

01:38:56.120 and then

01:38:58.580 so imagine

01:38:59.620 that there's a

01:39:00.220 chain of

01:39:00.800 neurological events

01:39:02.020 that occur

01:39:03.240 leading up to

01:39:04.100 you using

01:39:04.700 the cocaine

01:39:05.300 now imagine

01:39:07.000 that your

01:39:07.360 brain wants

01:39:08.160 to build

01:39:08.740 more structures

01:39:09.540 that help

01:39:10.600 you act

01:39:11.820 in a way

01:39:12.760 that makes

01:39:13.200 good things

01:39:13.860 happen

01:39:14.260 so then

01:39:16.840 imagine that

01:39:17.480 when a good

01:39:18.140 thing happens

01:39:18.780 you get a

01:39:19.920 dopamine kick

01:39:20.600 and so your

01:39:21.080 brain thinks

01:39:21.660 that taking

01:39:22.100 cocaine is

01:39:22.660 one of those

01:39:23.140 things

01:39:23.440 then the

01:39:25.040 neurological

01:39:25.440 structures that

01:39:26.600 underlie the

01:39:27.280 actions that

01:39:28.560 you took just

01:39:29.340 before the

01:39:29.880 dopamine hit get

01:39:30.780 made stronger

01:39:31.480 they grow

01:39:32.120 they grow

01:39:33.660 literally

01:39:34.840 it's like

01:39:36.760 watering a

01:39:37.400 plant

01:39:37.800 but this is

01:39:39.400 an awful

01:39:39.840 it's a weed

01:39:41.160 it's a black

01:39:42.200 weed

01:39:42.600 because it's

01:39:43.780 made out of

01:39:44.280 lies

01:39:44.740 and it's

01:39:45.360 made out of

01:39:45.700 the lies

01:39:46.000 that you

01:39:46.280 tell yourself

01:39:46.920 so that you

01:39:47.380 can justify

01:39:47.940 continuing down

01:39:48.740 that path

01:39:49.400 every time

01:39:50.280 you hit

01:39:50.640 that

01:39:51.060 weed

01:39:52.780 that

01:39:53.680 that

01:39:54.460 octopus

01:39:55.340 of lies

01:39:56.120 grows a

01:39:57.580 little bit

01:39:57.980 and then it

01:39:59.220 grows a little

01:39:59.860 bit

01:40:00.140 and then it

01:40:00.480 grows

01:40:00.600 and as it

01:40:01.360 grows

01:40:01.680 it's like

01:40:02.620 a tumor

01:40:03.080 in some

01:40:03.520 sense

01:40:03.740 it grows

01:40:05.300 and it has

01:40:06.720 the capacity

01:40:07.240 to suppress

01:40:07.960 everything else

01:40:08.780 because you

01:40:09.940 can only do

01:40:10.380 one thing

01:40:10.740 at a time

01:40:11.180 and so when

01:40:11.540 you're locked

01:40:11.940 onto something

01:40:12.660 then the thing

01:40:13.760 that locks

01:40:14.220 you onto it

01:40:14.720 suppresses

01:40:15.440 everything else

01:40:16.160 that you

01:40:16.420 could be

01:40:16.700 attended to

01:40:17.220 so you're

01:40:17.920 basically

01:40:18.280 you keep it

01:40:19.380 up

01:40:19.560 you're building

01:40:20.100 a monster

01:40:20.720 inside your

01:40:21.500 head

01:40:21.800 a one-eyed

01:40:22.480 monster

01:40:22.900 and all it

01:40:24.040 wants is

01:40:24.680 the drug

01:40:25.260 and it's

01:40:26.480 alive

01:40:27.100 and every time

01:40:29.280 you hit it

01:40:29.700 it grows

01:40:30.380 and then it's

01:40:31.560 even worse

01:40:32.020 than that

01:40:32.420 because let's

01:40:33.520 say you

01:40:33.800 stop for a

01:40:34.700 while

01:40:34.980 you take

01:40:36.540 the person

01:40:37.040 and you put

01:40:37.780 them in a

01:40:38.120 treatment center

01:40:38.700 and they get

01:40:39.140 over their

01:40:39.500 physiological

01:40:40.000 addiction

01:40:40.540 they're no

01:40:42.220 longer addicted

01:40:42.880 you take them

01:40:44.220 out of the

01:40:44.580 treatment center

01:40:45.140 and they go

01:40:45.520 back to their

01:40:46.060 friends

01:40:46.420 and as soon

01:40:46.820 as they see

01:40:47.280 their friends

01:40:47.820 they get

01:40:48.880 a cued craving

01:40:49.600 and up pops

01:40:51.280 the monster

01:40:51.760 again

01:40:52.160 and they're

01:40:53.060 right back

01:40:53.660 at it

01:40:54.560 and so

01:40:55.540 well

01:40:56.580 if you're

01:40:57.900 addicted

01:40:58.200 that's where

01:40:58.980 you're headed

01:40:59.420 so what do

01:41:00.980 you need to

01:41:01.380 get out of

01:41:01.780 that

01:41:02.000 well the first

01:41:02.660 thing you need

01:41:03.140 to know

01:41:03.520 is you need

01:41:04.600 to get

01:41:06.580 really clear

01:41:07.380 with yourself

01:41:07.980 about exactly

01:41:08.780 where you're

01:41:09.260 headed

01:41:09.580 and hopefully

01:41:11.140 that will

01:41:11.560 terrify you

01:41:12.480 and it has

01:41:13.180 to terrify

01:41:14.040 you

01:41:14.280 not like

01:41:15.020 death

01:41:15.500 that's terrible

01:41:17.600 there's worse

01:41:18.860 things than

01:41:19.400 death

01:41:19.780 hell is worse

01:41:20.820 than death

01:41:21.420 and that's what

01:41:22.220 you're playing

01:41:22.740 with

01:41:23.100 and then so

01:41:24.320 you need that

01:41:25.040 because otherwise

01:41:25.680 you won't be

01:41:26.380 scared enough

01:41:27.140 to stop

01:41:28.020 but you also

01:41:28.840 need the other

01:41:29.420 you need to

01:41:29.900 think well

01:41:30.580 what could

01:41:31.360 your life be

01:41:31.960 if you weren't

01:41:32.620 toying with

01:41:33.500 this foolishness

01:41:35.240 what what

01:41:37.620 how would you

01:41:38.680 need to live

01:41:39.280 in order

01:41:39.600 to justify

01:41:41.140 a life

01:41:41.600 without the

01:41:42.120 drug

01:41:42.400 because if

01:41:43.540 you're addicted

01:41:44.020 you're probably

01:41:45.300 susceptible to

01:41:46.120 the drug

01:41:46.560 you know most

01:41:47.160 alcoholics get

01:41:47.980 a really good

01:41:48.580 opiate kick

01:41:49.920 out of alcohol

01:41:50.600 and so alcohol

01:41:51.400 is a really

01:41:51.740 effective drug

01:41:52.400 for them

01:41:52.740 that's why

01:41:53.280 they become

01:41:53.640 alcoholic

01:41:54.120 you need a

01:41:55.680 life that's

01:41:56.300 more worth

01:41:56.920 living than

01:41:57.600 the drug

01:41:58.280 and so you've

01:42:00.000 got to think

01:42:00.320 about what a

01:42:00.740 life like that

01:42:01.240 would look like

01:42:01.800 it's like well

01:42:02.320 what do you

01:42:02.640 need to do

01:42:03.220 what would you

01:42:04.220 need to do

01:42:04.700 with your life

01:42:05.240 that would be

01:42:05.800 sufficiently

01:42:06.740 rich and

01:42:08.420 meaningful

01:42:08.920 so that it

01:42:09.860 would be worth

01:42:10.340 not using

01:42:11.440 the drug

01:42:11.780 anymore

01:42:12.180 you know apart

01:42:13.560 from avoiding

01:42:15.180 the help

01:42:15.700 and so you

01:42:17.540 need to think

01:42:17.920 that through

01:42:18.420 and it has

01:42:20.500 to be real

01:42:21.120 so that's

01:42:24.380 the situation

01:42:24.920 that you're

01:42:25.340 in

01:42:25.480 I would also

01:42:26.080 say well

01:42:26.960 that's I

01:42:27.780 don't know

01:42:28.240 of anything

01:42:28.640 else you

01:42:29.060 can do

01:42:29.360 that's more

01:42:29.940 effective than

01:42:30.520 that

01:42:30.740 figure out

01:42:31.480 what the

01:42:31.760 alternative is

01:42:32.440 and come

01:42:33.100 clean with

01:42:33.500 yourself about

01:42:34.060 where you're

01:42:34.400 headed

01:42:34.640 see if that's

01:42:35.820 really what

01:42:36.160 you want

01:42:36.620 so

01:42:37.760 all right

01:42:47.560 unfortunately we

01:42:48.100 only have time

01:42:48.500 for one more

01:42:49.260 I like this

01:42:50.860 one

01:42:51.180 what do you

01:42:52.640 make of your

01:42:53.260 newfound fame

01:42:54.600 well

01:43:00.740 part of it

01:43:02.840 I think

01:43:04.420 part of it's

01:43:04.980 a consequence

01:43:05.560 of a revolution

01:43:07.060 in technology

01:43:07.920 you know

01:43:08.840 it's been hard

01:43:09.560 to figure out

01:43:10.040 what to make

01:43:10.560 of it

01:43:10.900 and you

01:43:12.880 don't want

01:43:13.380 to

01:43:13.600 whenever

01:43:15.200 something happens

01:43:16.380 to you

01:43:16.700 you want to

01:43:17.060 parse it out

01:43:17.680 into causes

01:43:19.260 and the first

01:43:20.900 thing you do

01:43:21.460 is look for

01:43:22.480 situational causes

01:43:23.600 rather than

01:43:24.880 personal causes

01:43:25.700 it's the appropriate

01:43:27.560 way to think

01:43:28.140 things through

01:43:28.700 and so I've been

01:43:30.260 thinking about this

01:43:31.160 and part of

01:43:33.540 what's happened

01:43:35.820 to me

01:43:36.340 is that I'm

01:43:37.280 an early adopter

01:43:38.000 of an unbelievably

01:43:38.620 powerful technology

01:43:39.700 so

01:43:41.680 so there

01:43:42.780 and the technology

01:43:43.900 there's two

01:43:44.300 the technology

01:43:44.960 is twofold

01:43:45.800 video on demand

01:43:48.260 with no bandwidth

01:43:48.960 restrictions

01:43:50.000 same thing you're

01:43:50.960 benefiting from

01:43:51.660 you and Rogan

01:43:52.760 and other people

01:43:53.760 who are doing

01:43:54.660 these long form

01:43:55.340 discussions online

01:43:56.260 all of a sudden

01:43:57.240 you have TV

01:43:57.860 at your disposal

01:43:58.640 but there's no

01:43:59.700 bandwidth limitation

01:44:00.560 so you can take

01:44:01.540 full advantage

01:44:02.100 of that

01:44:02.460 and so

01:44:02.780 I could put

01:44:03.400 300 hours

01:44:04.100 of video up

01:44:04.800 and of my

01:44:06.020 lectures

01:44:06.340 and I'm a

01:44:06.860 credible lecturer

01:44:07.740 so

01:44:08.420 turns out

01:44:09.420 turns out

01:44:11.600 there was a

01:44:11.960 market for that

01:44:12.680 and so

01:44:14.500 you know

01:44:15.720 I was fortunate

01:44:17.440 in that I got

01:44:18.660 somewhere new

01:44:19.660 first

01:44:20.380 and so that's

01:44:22.020 that's

01:44:22.640 and then the

01:44:23.320 podcasts are the

01:44:24.120 same thing

01:44:24.600 right

01:44:24.840 because

01:44:25.180 turns out

01:44:25.920 that people

01:44:26.980 can

01:44:27.260 probably more

01:44:28.300 people can

01:44:28.840 listen

01:44:29.220 than can

01:44:29.720 read

01:44:30.140 so that's

01:44:31.300 a big deal

01:44:31.840 and people

01:44:33.380 can listen

01:44:34.000 when they can't

01:44:34.720 read

01:44:35.060 so you can

01:44:35.640 listen when

01:44:36.000 you're driving

01:44:36.460 or when you're

01:44:36.860 doing the dishes

01:44:37.380 or exercising

01:44:38.120 or any of those

01:44:38.740 things

01:44:39.040 and so

01:44:40.040 there's a new

01:44:41.520 niche for

01:44:42.320 the transmission

01:44:43.380 of relatively

01:44:44.680 complicated information

01:44:45.980 and it turns out

01:44:47.020 there's a public

01:44:47.600 hunger for it

01:44:48.540 and no one

01:44:49.240 knew that

01:44:49.680 and so

01:44:50.340 both of us

01:44:50.940 are in the

01:44:51.260 position where

01:44:51.780 we're serving

01:44:52.320 a market

01:44:53.060 that's being

01:44:54.000 made because

01:44:55.180 of the new

01:44:55.560 technology

01:44:56.060 and we

01:44:56.860 happen to be

01:44:57.360 on the

01:44:57.600 cutting edge

01:44:57.980 of that

01:44:58.360 and so

01:44:59.280 I was actually

01:45:00.620 I thought this

01:45:01.660 through over

01:45:02.040 about the last

01:45:02.520 two months

01:45:02.960 because I've been

01:45:03.440 trying to make

01:45:03.880 sense of what

01:45:04.420 the hell is

01:45:04.760 going on

01:45:05.280 it's like

01:45:05.600 what are you

01:45:05.920 all you people

01:45:06.480 doing here

01:45:07.060 listening to a

01:45:07.760 lecture about

01:45:08.360 you know

01:45:09.960 a lecture about

01:45:10.740 well it's a

01:45:11.620 university level

01:45:12.280 lecture essentially

01:45:13.040 about brain

01:45:14.080 function and

01:45:14.740 the structure of

01:45:15.820 reality

01:45:16.200 it's a

01:45:16.920 philosophical

01:45:17.340 lecture

01:45:17.820 it's like

01:45:18.260 there's a

01:45:19.100 public market

01:45:19.620 for that

01:45:20.100 turns out

01:45:21.240 there is

01:45:21.880 you know

01:45:22.560 who would have

01:45:23.380 guessed

01:45:23.780 but I think

01:45:24.600 I think these

01:45:25.120 new technologies

01:45:25.820 have really

01:45:26.220 opened that

01:45:26.680 up and so

01:45:27.860 that's partly

01:45:28.760 what I make

01:45:29.280 of it

01:45:29.580 then to the

01:45:30.920 degree that it

01:45:31.460 is personal

01:45:32.220 you know

01:45:32.820 because there's

01:45:33.600 lots of people

01:45:34.160 on YouTube

01:45:34.600 say and

01:45:35.200 not all of

01:45:36.800 them are having

01:45:37.460 spectacular success

01:45:38.700 with it

01:45:39.020 although some

01:45:39.480 people are

01:45:39.960 I think the

01:45:41.260 other thing

01:45:41.740 that I've got

01:45:44.600 going for me

01:45:45.320 let's say

01:45:45.780 is that

01:45:46.800 I really

01:45:48.280 do love

01:45:49.260 being a

01:45:49.700 psychologist

01:45:50.120 and I'm

01:45:50.880 very familiar

01:45:51.460 with the

01:45:51.840 psychological

01:45:52.260 literature

01:45:52.660 I know

01:45:53.000 the

01:45:53.160 biological

01:45:53.580 literature

01:45:54.120 quite well

01:45:54.720 I know

01:45:55.400 the clinical

01:45:55.860 literature

01:45:56.560 well

01:45:57.140 you know

01:45:58.000 I've read

01:45:58.380 widely

01:45:58.740 in psychoanalysis

01:45:59.680 and behaviorism

01:46:00.560 and humanism

01:46:01.140 and all the

01:46:01.540 various schools

01:46:02.360 of clinical

01:46:02.840 psychology

01:46:03.340 and I'm

01:46:04.000 a credible

01:46:05.800 neuroscientist

01:46:06.720 and so I

01:46:08.000 can weave

01:46:08.360 all that

01:46:08.680 together

01:46:09.040 and that's

01:46:10.180 really interesting

01:46:10.760 to people

01:46:11.220 and helpful

01:46:11.660 and why

01:46:12.080 wouldn't it

01:46:12.480 be

01:46:12.680 like all

01:46:13.760 these

01:46:13.960 clinicians

01:46:14.420 that work

01:46:15.080 through the

01:46:15.400 20th century

01:46:16.020 people like

01:46:16.560 Carl Rogers

01:46:17.180 and Carl

01:46:18.340 Jung

01:46:18.640 and Sigmund

01:46:19.480 Freud

01:46:19.740 and B.F.

01:46:21.680 Skinner

01:46:21.980 the great

01:46:22.740 behavioral

01:46:24.380 psychologists

01:46:25.020 they're all

01:46:26.280 trying to

01:46:26.940 work through

01:46:27.960 how to help

01:46:28.720 people solve

01:46:29.380 complex problems

01:46:30.520 how to

01:46:31.240 conceptualize

01:46:31.800 the problems

01:46:32.140 and how to

01:46:32.520 solve them

01:46:32.900 and so that's

01:46:33.440 what I lecture

01:46:33.920 about and I

01:46:34.460 try to make

01:46:35.060 my lectures

01:46:35.500 practical

01:46:36.180 like here's

01:46:37.180 some abstract

01:46:37.700 information

01:46:38.400 here's why

01:46:40.020 you should

01:46:40.460 know it

01:46:40.820 here's what

01:46:41.800 it would do

01:46:42.720 if you

01:46:43.340 implemented it

01:46:44.040 in your life

01:46:44.620 and that's how

01:46:45.320 a behavioral

01:46:45.780 psychologist thinks

01:46:46.780 and the fact

01:46:47.500 that people

01:46:47.860 find that

01:46:48.520 useful

01:46:49.360 well

01:46:50.360 yeah

01:46:51.300 right

01:46:52.580 that's what

01:46:53.440 all these

01:46:53.800 people who

01:46:54.260 were generating

01:46:54.880 this information

01:46:55.660 were trying

01:46:56.120 to do

01:46:56.440 they were

01:46:56.740 trying to

01:46:57.140 generate

01:46:57.800 useful

01:46:58.800 information

01:46:59.320 that would

01:46:59.640 be of

01:46:59.960 aid to

01:47:00.560 people who

01:47:01.040 were attempting

01:47:01.560 to improve

01:47:02.160 their mental

01:47:03.100 health

01:47:03.500 and so

01:47:04.500 it works

01:47:05.700 and so

01:47:06.640 I'm fortunate

01:47:07.300 that I had

01:47:07.920 the opportunity

01:47:09.460 to learn

01:47:11.160 all of that

01:47:11.740 and to

01:47:12.000 practice it

01:47:12.600 and then

01:47:13.200 to enjoy

01:47:13.920 talking about

01:47:15.720 it with

01:47:16.000 everyone

01:47:16.340 and that's

01:47:17.560 working out

01:47:18.060 and so

01:47:18.420 that's what

01:47:18.860 I make

01:47:19.160 of it

01:47:19.380 I think

01:47:19.700 it's a

01:47:20.040 great

01:47:20.440 honor and

01:47:21.700 privilege

01:47:22.060 I truly

01:47:22.620 believe that

01:47:23.220 I'm

01:47:23.600 absolutely

01:47:24.840 thrilled

01:47:25.380 that you're

01:47:25.760 all here

01:47:26.240 and I

01:47:35.260 think

01:47:35.500 I think

01:47:36.540 both

01:47:36.820 both Dave

01:47:37.440 and I

01:47:37.780 like we've

01:47:38.220 been struck

01:47:38.680 on the

01:47:39.920 course of

01:47:40.280 this tour

01:47:40.700 with how

01:47:41.980 with what

01:47:42.520 these events

01:47:43.060 are like

01:47:43.460 because

01:47:43.840 lots of

01:47:45.320 people are

01:47:45.640 coming

01:47:45.940 we figure

01:47:46.780 about 200,000

01:47:47.700 people so

01:47:48.320 far

01:47:48.620 there's a lot

01:47:49.460 of people

01:47:49.860 and people

01:47:51.420 are here

01:47:51.760 because they

01:47:52.320 want to

01:47:52.880 think about

01:47:54.400 difficult and

01:47:55.960 deep subjects

01:47:56.620 in a way

01:47:57.220 that's of

01:47:58.100 utility to

01:47:58.760 them and

01:47:59.180 their families

01:47:59.700 and their

01:48:00.080 community

01:48:00.460 they're trying

01:48:00.980 to develop

01:48:01.380 a vision

01:48:01.720 for their

01:48:02.040 life and

01:48:02.560 to take

01:48:02.900 responsibility

01:48:03.520 and to

01:48:03.960 set things

01:48:04.420 right

01:48:04.740 and so

01:48:05.540 they're

01:48:05.740 incredibly

01:48:06.580 positive

01:48:07.100 events

01:48:07.640 and

01:48:08.540 so I'm

01:48:10.460 thrilled about

01:48:11.020 it

01:48:11.300 and

01:48:11.920 the fame

01:48:13.560 part

01:48:13.980 see

01:48:16.020 the way

01:48:16.500 that that

01:48:17.020 makes itself

01:48:18.360 apparent to

01:48:19.160 me

01:48:19.340 is it's

01:48:19.880 just a

01:48:20.380 wider field

01:48:20.980 of opportunity

01:48:21.640 so

01:48:23.120 so

01:48:24.900 given

01:48:25.820 that

01:48:26.340 what

01:48:27.260 the

01:48:28.080 information

01:48:28.540 that I'm

01:48:28.960 providing

01:48:29.320 seems to

01:48:29.780 be useful

01:48:30.340 for people

01:48:30.900 certainly

01:48:31.560 useful

01:48:31.960 for me

01:48:32.360 it's been

01:48:32.700 useful

01:48:32.980 for my

01:48:33.380 family

01:48:33.800 and for

01:48:34.520 my

01:48:34.700 students

01:48:35.100 the fact

01:48:36.060 that that's

01:48:36.440 useful

01:48:36.720 for people

01:48:37.240 is

01:48:37.500 that's

01:48:38.660 absolutely

01:48:39.560 wonderful

01:48:40.660 as far as

01:48:41.240 I'm concerned

01:48:41.720 so

01:48:42.360 hooray

01:48:43.040 that's

01:48:43.560 what I

01:48:43.860 think

01:48:44.100 well as

01:48:54.160 I tell you

01:48:54.600 one way

01:48:55.040 or another

01:48:55.400 every night

01:48:55.880 the honor

01:48:56.320 and privilege

01:48:56.760 is all

01:48:57.360 mine

01:48:57.620 that I

01:48:57.880 get to

01:48:58.160 do this

01:48:58.480 with you

01:48:58.800 every night

01:48:59.460 and

01:49:00.060 on that

01:49:00.860 note guys

01:49:01.240 you know

01:49:01.420 we've done

01:49:01.760 about 40

01:49:02.280 or 45

01:49:02.740 of these

01:49:03.040 as I've

01:49:03.380 said

01:49:03.640 and they

01:49:04.220 start

01:49:04.520 even though

01:49:04.840 they're all

01:49:05.160 different

01:49:05.520 they also

01:49:06.400 kind of

01:49:06.860 blend

01:49:07.100 together

01:49:07.540 this one

01:49:08.400 will

01:49:08.580 absolutely

01:49:09.200 stand out

01:49:10.420 in my

01:49:10.780 mind

01:49:10.980 you guys

01:49:11.420 were

01:49:11.620 phenomenal

01:49:12.220 Jordan

01:49:12.940 was sharp

01:49:13.380 as hell

01:49:13.740 and on

01:49:14.020 that note

01:49:14.520 I'm going

01:49:14.920 to get

01:49:15.100 out of

01:49:15.340 here

01:49:15.520 make some

01:49:16.060 noise

01:49:16.220 for Jordan

01:49:16.600 Peterson

01:49:16.880 everybody

01:49:17.420 if you

01:49:22.380 found this

01:49:22.800 conversation

01:49:23.360 meaningful

01:49:23.900 you might

01:49:24.600 think about

01:49:25.020 picking up

01:49:25.480 dad's

01:49:25.840 books

01:49:26.220 maps of

01:49:27.180 meaning

01:49:27.460 the

01:49:27.760 architecture

01:49:28.240 of

01:49:28.480 belief

01:49:28.820 or his

01:49:29.320 newer

01:49:29.520 bestseller

01:49:30.120 12

01:49:30.440 rules for

01:49:30.900 life

01:49:31.200 an antidote

01:49:31.800 to

01:49:31.960 chaos

01:49:32.340 both of

01:49:33.140 these

01:49:33.280 works

01:49:33.580 delve much

01:49:34.100 deeper

01:49:34.420 into the

01:49:34.720 topics

01:49:35.060 covered

01:49:35.420 in the

01:49:35.720 Jordan

01:49:35.940 B

01:49:36.140 Peterson

01:49:36.440 podcast

01:49:37.160 see

01:49:38.140 jordanbpeterson.com

01:49:39.540 for audio

01:49:40.280 ebook

01:49:40.900 and text

01:49:41.400 links

01:49:41.760 or pick

01:49:42.660 up the

01:49:42.900 books at

01:49:43.180 your

01:49:43.280 favorite

01:49:43.520 bookseller

01:49:44.020 I really

01:49:45.300 hope you

01:49:45.620 enjoyed

01:49:45.860 this

01:49:46.040 podcast

01:49:46.560 if you

01:49:47.400 did

01:49:47.640 please

01:49:48.020 leave a

01:49:48.320 rating

01:49:48.580 at

01:49:48.740 apple

01:49:48.960 podcasts

01:49:49.580 a

01:49:49.940 comment

01:49:50.280 or

01:49:50.460 review

01:49:50.780 or

01:49:51.520 share

01:49:51.740 this

01:49:51.940 episode

01:49:52.220 with

01:49:52.400 a

01:49:52.540 friend

01:49:52.800 next

01:49:53.800 week's

01:49:54.100 podcast

01:49:54.420 is going

01:49:54.920 to be

01:49:55.140 a

01:49:55.280 conversation

01:49:55.800 with

01:49:56.160 Jamil

01:49:56.620 Javani

01:49:57.140 a lawyer

01:49:58.000 educator

01:49:58.640 and the

01:49:59.580 author

01:49:59.880 of

01:50:00.200 why

01:50:00.560 young

01:50:00.940 men

01:50:01.340 the

01:50:02.020 dangerous

01:50:02.580 allure

01:50:03.020 of

01:50:03.260 violent

01:50:03.700 movements

01:50:04.280 and what

01:50:04.660 we can

01:50:04.980 do

01:50:05.140 about

01:50:05.400 it

01:50:05.620 talk

01:50:06.240 to

01:50:06.400 you

01:50:06.540 next

01:50:06.900 Sunday

01:50:07.340 follow

01:50:10.900 details

01:50:20.660 on

01:50:21.180 this

01:50:21.440 show

01:50:21.880 access

01:50:22.580 to

01:50:22.900 my

01:50:23.080 blog

01:50:23.560 information

01:50:24.460 about

01:50:24.800 my

01:50:25.060 tour

01:50:25.300 dates

01:50:25.660 and

01:50:25.820 other

01:50:26.040 events

01:50:26.480 and

01:50:26.880 my

01:50:27.020 list

01:50:27.280 of

01:50:27.460 recommended

01:50:27.920 books

01:50:28.520 can be

01:50:29.140 found

01:50:29.360 on

01:50:29.520 my

01:50:29.660 website

01:50:30.240 jordanbpeterson.com

01:50:32.360 my

01:50:32.900 online

01:50:33.340 writing

01:50:33.720 programs

01:50:34.440 designed

01:50:34.940 to help

01:50:35.320 people

01:50:35.680 straighten

01:50:36.060 out

01:50:36.300 their

01:50:36.500 pasts

01:50:37.240 understand

01:50:37.840 themselves

01:50:38.420 in the

01:50:38.760 present

01:50:39.140 and develop

01:50:39.860 a

01:50:40.080 sophisticated

01:50:40.540 vision

01:50:41.120 and strategy

01:50:41.740 for the

01:50:42.140 future

01:50:42.520 can be

01:50:43.040 found

01:50:43.320 at

01:50:43.540 self

01:50:43.880 authoring

01:50:44.500 dot

01:50:44.820 com

01:50:45.280 that's

01:50:45.980 self

01:50:46.280 authoring

01:50:46.920 dot

01:50:47.380 com

01:50:47.820 from the

01:50:49.580 Westwood One

01:50:50.200 podcast

01:50:50.820 network

The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - August 11, 2019

Territory, Hierarchy, Security, and Fear

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