Ben Shapiro, Jeremy Boring, Michael Knowles, Andrew Klavan, and myself explore Joe Biden's failures in Afghanistan, and to call this conversation intense would be an understatement. Trust me, you ve never heard an episode of Backstage like this one.
00:15:12.800If you talk to the people that have been over there in our military training the Afghan army,
00:15:19.740almost everything I've heard from people that have been in that position,
00:15:23.600and I've heard, I'm sure we all have talked to quite a few,
00:15:25.600they'll tell you that it's very difficult because, you know, very often they're there sort of on a mercenary basis.
00:15:32.560If they don't get paid, they don't want to show up.
00:15:34.120There's a big problem with drugs, huge problem.
00:15:38.360And just talking to people that have been in the position of training,
00:15:42.440what I've been told is that a lot of the soldiers they're training just don't seem all that interesting.
00:15:47.340Radical religiously based guerrilla armies tend to do pretty well against organizations that don't have a great hierarchical structure, for sure.
00:20:08.700So on the geostrategic point, I feel like there's places where we're all going to agree here, too.
00:20:11.800And that is, number one, it's not the job of the United States to build democracies out of places that are not right for democracy.
00:20:17.580Like, I think we're all on the same page there.
00:20:19.420And I think that if you are going to seek to build regime stability, that is a very, very long-term process.
00:20:25.340I mean, we currently have 26,000 troops in South Korea still.
00:20:27.840And were we to pull our troops, they would immediately be, that country would immediately be under threat from North Korea and China sponsoring it.
00:20:33.240We still have some 30, 34,000 troops, 32,000 troops in Japan.
00:20:38.460We still have some 10,000 troops in Italy so that we can have air power over northern Africa.
00:20:43.960In fact, by the time we left Afghanistan, the number of troops that we had on the ground officially was 2,500.
00:20:48.980That ranked at number nine in places on Earth where we had troops.
00:20:52.040So the question is, what exactly were we there for?
00:20:54.380And if the answer, which I think we all agree, was to kill terrorists and make sure this doesn't become another haven for terrorists,
00:21:00.000then the question becomes, so what was the dramatic urgency in pulling out,
00:21:04.500considering that we had been experiencing year on year fewer than 20 combat casualties and zero since February of 2020?
00:21:09.900Well, I think the question of why we were there, we all might agree on why we would like to have been there or what we wish the reason were.
00:21:17.880But I don't think that America was clear on that because the argument that we were given in the early days of that war was,
00:21:23.440we're going in there to kill Osama bin Laden and the people who were harboring the terrorists that took down the towers.
00:21:28.920Then in 2005, at George Bush's second inaugural, the mission was redefined.
00:21:32.840That was the freedom speech, the word liberty or freedom or liberal was used 49 times in that speech.
00:21:39.700And he made an audacious claim, and I think a ridiculous claim, which is that tyranny anywhere on Earth is an existential threat to the American homeland.
00:21:50.040This was a radical extreme of ways that we've thought of adventurism and spreading our ideas abroad.
00:21:56.760It was obviously untrue, by the way, because not only do we tolerate certain authoritarian regimes,
00:22:01.560we've actually installed many authoritarian regimes that have never threatened us with so much as an insulting look.
00:22:07.080This redefines the mission as building not only a Madisonian democracy in Afghanistan, but talk about a forever war.
00:22:14.680Now, he said, we will abolish tyranny on Earth, which so long as man's nature has fallen,
00:22:20.580I don't think is going to happen and it will commit us to war forever.
00:22:24.900Then I think the American people got pretty sick of that in the years that followed.
00:22:28.700Barack Obama famously campaigned actually to beef up troops in Afghanistan and to take troops out of Iraq to sort of restart the war there.
00:22:35.700But then he wanted to pull the troops out there as well.
00:22:37.680Then the mission Donald Trump runs on pulling the troops home, which was popular in both parties at the time.
00:22:42.640Then Joe Biden obviously maintains that view.
00:22:46.360Now we're told we have to stay there for the Afghan women who suffer a terrible plight.
00:23:35.720First of all, I agree with the political failures of our leadership class and of the media in redefining the mission.
00:23:40.760I mean, again, I think we all mainly agree on the idea that we didn't go into Afghanistan to create a thriving democracy and originally protect women.
00:23:48.100That was a good byproduct of the fact that wherever the United States boot steps, things tend to get better.
00:23:57.320So and as Joe Biden correctly, but oddly in non sequitur fashion pointed out, if the attack had been launched from Yemen, we wouldn't have been in Afghanistan freeing women.
00:24:06.240So the problem is this, whether or not the American people are properly informed about what they think the mission is, the rest of life exists.
00:24:16.680Just because we create a vacuum does not mean that no one is going to fill it.
00:24:20.280Just because people in the United States and in our leadership class misunderstand what the mission is does not mean that when we remove troops, that does not become a terror hotbed again.
00:24:28.500And China doesn't take advantage of that terror hotbed to grab, for example, all of the $85 billion in military technology we just left there, including high tech crap,
00:24:35.460including drone technology, which they're going to immediately reverse engineer.
00:24:38.980None of that means that China doesn't look at what we just did to the Afghans and say, OK, well, Taiwan's right there.
00:24:44.400And all we have to do is move right across this straight and you ain't going to do nothing.
00:24:48.280I mean, it doesn't take much of a mind to discover this.
00:24:51.260All the terrorist groups on Earth look at this and they think that we are weak.
00:24:54.060So regardless of how this was pitched, and this is my problem with how the Afghan war has been pitched, I think, for the past several years,
00:25:01.440the first pitch that was wrong was this is about a war for establishing democracy in Afghanistan.
00:25:15.320The United States had taken down its true presence in Afghanistan from six figures down to about 10,000.
00:25:19.500By the time Trump left office, down to 2,500.
00:25:21.420And so when people said this is an endless war and I said, what war do you have 2,500 people stationed in a place with zero casualties for 18 months?
00:47:02.440And I think if you don't make the argument, if you don't tell the truth, the American people who still do vote for the president of the United States, who still is the guy who runs most of our foreign policy, are not going to be convinced.
00:47:13.800And you can't accuse them of bumper sticker slogans when you're basically selling them a bumper sticker slogan themselves.
00:47:21.800I still think just we're operating with this assumption that because the situation was a certain way, it's going to maintain that way.
00:47:28.480And that denies the risk that our military was in over there.
00:47:32.980I know that it's been a certain way for a few years, but I don't think we can do that.
00:47:36.240I don't think it's fair to do because part of this is we're sending, you know, our sons and daughters are actually going over there.
00:47:42.280And there is many of them have died in the last few years, not as many, but there's always that threat of something terrible happening to them, as we've just discovered.
00:47:49.300And on top of that as well, I mean, there are other things, too, that we haven't brought up.
00:47:53.680Like one of them, again, talking to the veterans that served over there, even in the peacetime, they'll talk about things like, you know, I don't know.
00:48:01.300They come home traumatized because they have to overlook child rape, which is utterly widespread in the Afghan army and in the Afghan leadership.
00:48:08.820And they're just over there and they have to just deal with it.
00:48:11.560And they're told, not to mention the threat of being killed by our supposed allies.
00:48:15.620But even that alone, like just that piece alone, to me, means send our guys home.
00:48:22.000Because I'm not, they got to go over there and look the other way while children are raped left and right.
00:48:33.160Well, you're answering the moralism with a sort of moralistic argument on the other side.
00:48:37.160It's not a moral answer, though, to say X people do bad things.
00:48:42.300Therefore, let's create a vacuum in which people who didn't do those things suffer a moral consequence.
00:48:46.700I'm trying to bring it back around to focusing on the actual human beings, our countrymen and our service members who we are sending into these situations.
00:48:55.220So when we say that there hasn't been a combat death in six or seven years, I think that overlooks.
00:49:19.740And I'm saying that there were actual benefits.
00:49:22.100And I think one of the things that's happened here is that what has happened in the wake of the United States pulling out is being labeled a potential cost to the United States when it is an actual cost to the United States.
00:49:32.920Meaning that what Joe Biden has done is in the aftermath of us pulling out and as they bomb American troops and as the Taliban takes over the country again.
00:49:39.780And as ISIS comes back in, as all kind of comes back in, my argument is pretty simple.
00:49:43.900If we hadn't left, this wouldn't have happened.
00:49:45.960And my evidence for this is that if we hadn't have left, this wouldn't have happened.
00:49:48.920Joe Biden's argument is if we had stayed, this would have happened.
00:49:52.940He's going to have to prove that case stronger than I think this would have happened because the counterfactual is already here.
00:50:09.940And the last data point that I had was that it wasn't happening until we pulled out the troops.
00:50:13.640So unless he can show me, which he has not done, extremely compelling data that leaving 2,500 troops in place was going to result in this straw man argument where we have 50,000 troops back in there fighting close hand to hand combat in Mazar-i-Sharif.
00:50:26.440I'm going to need some actual evidence of that, not some bullshit from Joe Biden to justify the fact that he wanted to pull out in 2010.
00:50:31.200And can't get his head out of his ass.
00:50:32.820This is also why I don't want any more selfless wars.
00:51:08.620But if you break it, create it, hold it, let a generation of people come of age under American protection, and then just decide on a whim for no strategic upside, that you're just going to bail on them and leave them all to the slaughter.
00:51:22.940Leaving out that last part about no strategic upside just for a minute, I think that argument is basically saying we have to throw good money after bad.
00:51:31.940If we go into a place and we have an American interest and we cannot find we cannot serve that American interest and we withdraw because we can't serve that American interest and there is-
00:51:42.940And the country reverts to what it was before we got there.
00:51:46.160You know, I'm not sure I can hold us responsible for that.
00:51:49.160We're responsible for the two million people who died in Southeast Asia after we abandoned the South Vietnamese.
00:53:43.960We don't really do that with Texas, as distinct as Texas is.
00:53:47.920We say it's all part of the American nation.
00:53:49.300Now, we hold imperial territories, like Puerto Rico.
00:53:51.860We've held other imperial territories that, because of our national origin, we gave up and we have always felt uncomfortable with in the 19th and 20th century.
00:53:59.580But this brings us then to the question, what changed between 1950 and today?
00:54:03.420And it gets back to your point, Drew, and it gets to your point also, Matt, which is we, in the middle of the 20th century, were a strong superpower with a lot of national cohesion that knew who we were.
00:54:16.120We knew what it meant to send truth, justice, and the American way overseas.
00:54:19.020We can't even put that in Superman movies anymore.
00:54:22.560To your point, Matt, you say, what are we there for?
00:54:25.340Are we going to raise the pride flag on the embassy in Kabul, which we actually did?
00:54:28.640I don't think a lot of Americans are going to get behind that.
00:54:30.740That has become a sort of imperial flag, but a lot of people don't support it.
00:54:34.100And so I think it's very important, if you want to choose, are we just a nation or are we just an empire, or is it inevitable to become an empire, which I think probably it is for great nations.
00:54:45.280And I just think if you're in a situation where we can't agree on anything, in this country we can't even agree on the definition of man and woman at this point.
00:54:52.120You've got major political activists with the support of the Democratic Party burning down the country for 2020.
00:54:57.120I'm just not sure that we have the ability to project that overseas.
00:55:01.820This, I think, is an enormous, enormous strategic and ideological mistake.
00:55:06.400If the notion is that the weaknesses and internal failures of the United States do not allow us to either pursue a strategic interest overseas or to say to the Taliban,
00:55:16.300sorry, whatever it is that we are pursuing is better than what you are pursuing, then I think that there are failures on the right as well.
00:55:39.560I'm just saying I think the reason for that is the collapse of our cohesion, and we had a lot more of it.
00:55:44.320I want to speak to this, but first I want to talk about our pals over at Policy Genius, and the reason is because they paid for this.
00:55:51.080Also because I personally have used Policy Genius to great effect.
00:55:54.800My little daughter was born, as I have told you before, a year ago, and I realized I essentially have done nothing to provide for the people that I love in the event of my untimely demise.
00:56:05.260Policy Genius makes it so easy to do just that.
00:56:07.980You can compare quotes from over a dozen top insurers all in one place.
00:56:12.380Because you can save up to 50% or more on life insurance by comparing quotes with Policy Genius.
00:56:17.380The licensed experts at Policy Genius work for you, not the insurance companies, so you can trust them to help you navigate every step of the shopping and buying process.
00:56:24.220That kind of service has earned Policy Genius thousands of five-star reviews across Trustpilot and Google.
00:57:02.960So I wanted to make a quick point on this, which is that I totally—listen, you don't have to argue to me about the lack of cohesion and the moral decline of the United States, right?
00:57:10.340I think that as a nation, one of the symptoms that we are so eager to get out of Afghanistan, I think that is a symptom of the fact that we are a nation that is ready to climb into a warm bath, get fat, and slit our wrists.
00:57:18.560I think that is where we are as a country.
00:57:20.820I think that's why Joe Biden is president right now, because he's effectively a senile president presiding over a nation in a tragic state of decay.
00:57:29.900I think that seems like what it is unless there's some sort of dramatic resurgence.
00:57:33.400With that said, I think what happened in American foreign policy is pretty obvious.
00:57:36.660We had a mission when the Soviet Union was around because we recognized there were existential threats to the United States in the form of the Soviet Union.
00:57:41.840Then the Soviet Union fell, and we figured we have no idea what the hell we're doing, right?
00:57:56.860What we failed to recognize is that, once again, nature and foreign policy abhor a vacuum.
00:58:02.000And the notion that the United States was forever and always, that we'd reached the Francis Fukuyama end of history, which, of course, is slightly misinterpreted,
00:58:07.620but that we had reached that end of history where the United States was destined to be the everlasting hegemon,
00:58:12.880created the sense of, so what do we do with all this stuff?
00:58:17.080And what that failed to recognize is that there are always powers on the move.
00:58:20.580And that is what you're seeing in Afghanistan right now.
00:58:22.720And the fact is that when we leave, it is not as though everything just goes back to a tribal state of warfare with no externalities.
00:58:28.160By the way, the Taliban was in charge for a grand total of five years in Afghanistan.
00:58:31.740Everybody acts like the Taliban was in charge since forever.
00:58:33.460They were in a state of constant civil war with serious externalities, particularly the Soviets and for surrounding republics, for quite a long time.
00:58:39.720And the United States was deeply involved in Afghanistan all the way back in the 50s, right?
00:58:42.740Eisenhower actually flew into Kabul Airport in 1959.
00:58:45.240So the United States has always been involved all over the world.
00:58:49.000The question is always one of costs and benefits, which I keep coming back to this because I think that's a hard-headed way of doing foreign policy.
00:58:54.360And so I ask, again, I don't see the benefit in pulling out other than the fulfillment of this muddle-headed idea that we have somehow sinned in being in Afghanistan or to continuing sin to remain in Afghanistan at extraordinarily low cost to keep a lid on what was going on there, and especially in the face of Chinese aggression.
00:59:11.520The notion in American foreign policy, we were able to keep an empire effectively during the Cold War because we were doing so as an anti-communist empire.
00:59:19.640Not because we were doing so as an American empire, but because we were able to do all the stuff saying we were opposing the Soviets, right?
00:59:24.100And the reality is nature is going to force us back into that.
00:59:44.000It is very hard to project power without a—it's very hard to project the kind of power that is American power without an American set of values.
00:59:52.800And we no longer have an American set of values.
00:59:55.400And I think, listen, it's a tragic—it is a truly tragic thing that it is China that is about to force us back into the great game.
01:00:02.600But in forcing us back into the great game, it will help us redefine who we are.
01:00:06.080Because it's not true that everything we did against the Soviets was simply against the Soviets.
01:00:10.800We were against the Soviets because they stood for something that we didn't stand for.
01:01:30.080They're questions that can deeply inform our view of the world.
01:01:32.240They can deeply inform the actions that we will take in the future.
01:01:37.240The urgent question today, the moral question today, is do we have an obligation to the people who for 20 years lived under whatever drove us there,
01:01:49.140whatever took us there, whatever mistakes we made along the way, whatever things we should or shouldn't have done,
01:01:53.520whichever things we hope to do in the future or hope not to do in the future, we did do something in Afghanistan.
01:01:58.500And because of what we did for the last 20 years, we keep using the word women, the people being raped and murdered are women.
01:02:53.980And Europeans started getting bombed and getting their heads chopped off.
01:02:56.920And now we had to fight yet another war in Iraq and yet another war in Syria.
01:03:01.260I think we're going to see the same thing.
01:03:02.100And for all the reasons I think it's horrible for the interests of the United States of America to withdraw our troops, I also think there is a moral question about our withdrawal of our troops.
01:03:12.160But let me address that one moral question, which is in order to answer that moral question, you have to imagine the counterfactual that Joe Biden did not screw this up beyond the imagination of man.
01:03:25.720You have to be able to say that there was an orderly withdrawal.
01:03:39.800All of those things you have to imagine first, right, because the immoral thing that's happening is happening because of this incredible act, almost mind-boggling act of incompetence.
01:03:47.820And I suppose what I would say to that.
01:03:49.160In that case, in that case, if we left Afghanistan in an orderly manner and Afghanistan still could not maintain its government and still could not maintain its system,
01:03:58.900then I would say, no, we don't actually have an obligation.
01:04:01.100And I suppose what I would answer to that is we had essentially withdrawn from Afghanistan.
01:04:49.440You should be able to do this no matter how America leaves.
01:04:52.480And if they can't, then I think the moral failures fall on the Afghan army more so than on the American army.
01:05:00.780You think that 20 years means 20 years was enough.
01:05:07.560Like, the longer you're there, the more you need to leave.
01:05:09.840And I think what I'm suggesting is the longer you're there, the more responsibilities you begin to incur.
01:05:14.500Yes, if you go into a country and bomb them and get out, if it's shock and awe and leave.
01:05:19.940If you shoot some cruise missiles into the Sudan, you have very little obligation to the Sudan or the people of the Sudan that you incur as a result.
01:05:25.700If you were there for a year until Tora Bora, we realized that Bin Laden's probably out of Afghanistan and we're going to have to take our fight elsewhere.
01:05:33.340You've incurred more moral obligation, but certainly far, far less than if you've been.
01:05:37.520We have been there and we have engaged in the nation building.
01:05:40.200If you withdraw your support for a tyrant like the Shah of Iran and another tyrant, an Islamist tyrant, comes in and takes over like the Ayatollah Khomeini,
01:05:50.020essentially, do you have an obligation there?
01:05:51.700Do you think like, oh, gee, we should have kept supporting the Shah?
01:05:53.880Well, certainly, certainly 100% we should have kept supporting the Shah.
01:05:57.960Yes, for political reasons, for political reasons, but not for moral reasons.
01:06:01.360But I think that even when it comes to foreign policy, morality is a currency, right?
01:06:07.820I mean, that is just a reality of the situation, right?
01:06:10.260This is why the United States ought to win the Cold War, for example.
01:06:14.020And one of the ways that morality is used as a currency is via incentivizing people to join your fight, meaning that-
01:06:22.260I actually don't understand what you're saying.
01:06:23.880So in Afghanistan, it is not merely that we went there and out of the kindness of our heart, we were like, here's some liberalism and we're here to save you.
01:06:31.640We went in there with a particular purpose, as we all discussed, the political leadership botched the explanation of that purpose.
01:06:36.820We then made a bunch of promises to all the people who work with us, hundreds of thousands of people who work with us, that if you work with us, you will have these things.
01:06:46.540Your women will be able to go to school.
01:06:48.240Your women will be able to walk out in the streets.
01:07:06.400And then the question becomes, okay, so how do we deal with that promise?
01:07:08.900So, for example, if we were talking right now, because these are now the alternatives.
01:07:12.640Now we're to the real world alternatives, right?
01:07:14.620The alternative number one, we pull out of the country.
01:07:16.760We made promises to literally hundreds of thousands of people that we were – Joe Biden says this all the time – that we were going to help them get out, if not to the United States, then someplace else, right?
01:07:25.000That if we leave and if this thing collapse, you're going to get out.
01:07:28.300And by the way, we did the same with the Vietnamese boat people in the – or we should have in the aftermath.
01:07:31.760Many of those people are unbelievably good American citizens.
01:07:34.020We do this for people who are trying to escape Cuba from a bad life to a good life.
01:07:37.840You know, the – so if the alternatives are figure out where 250,000 people who actively work with the United States are going to live.
01:07:44.960Or keep a baseline truth presence there and nobody has to leave.
01:07:50.540Now, again, I think that you can – in the end, everything in foreign policy, just like in politics generally, comes down to transactional cost.
01:07:59.980When you're making a calculation as to the promises that you made to people on a moral level, do you bear – do we bear any responsibility for those people?
01:08:06.600So, for example, forget about keeping the troops there.
01:08:09.040Do we bear any responsibility to the people we made promises to that we were going to evacuate them to help them evacuate?
01:08:13.760Or should we have just said, you know what, screw it.
01:08:27.720So then the question is just whether, with regard to the keeping of the skeleton force, whether that would have been better.
01:08:32.060Or is it better to try and airlift out hundreds of thousands of people, hundreds more thousands, by the way, are still going to get left and slaughtered?
01:08:36.760And do we own a moral obligation to not just the girls who are about to get raped, but to their fathers who worked with us and to their parents who worked with us?
01:08:46.320When you incur a mutual obligation in order to get a thing done, you owe something to someone.
01:08:49.400Do you think that's an everlasting moral obligation, I guess, is the question?
01:08:53.280I mean, I think that it is a moral obligation that if you promise someone – we didn't promise the people who fought with us that – here's the deal.
01:09:22.680Or maybe there's the possibility that if we withdraw in more orderly fashion and don't completely collapse, there are air force from within.
01:09:29.320Did the Afghan government and military have any obligation of its own to its own citizens?
01:09:34.700Of course they had an obligation of its own.
01:09:37.100And by the way, they undertook that obligation to the tune of 50,000 dead over the course of the last six years.
01:09:42.220And 67,000 dead in the 20 years we've got.
01:09:58.540So the idea that we're supposed to, you know, admire the Afghan military for being the ones to take the brunt of the casualties, of course it's your country.
01:10:24.560So when you turn over a country of 38 million people to the Taliban, welcome in all these terrorist groups, give China an open running field, give Russia an open running field.
01:10:31.600And then, yes, create the moral hazard of – and this does make a difference in the world.
01:10:35.740When our allies look at us and they – and yes, this goes back to the political leadership point, maybe we should never talk in moral terms.
01:10:41.940But I do happen to think that it was kind of a good thing that we stopped mass rape in Afghanistan.
01:10:45.840So if George W. Bush said in a couple of speeches, we stopped terrorism – and by the way, we also stopped the mass rape of 12-year-old girls in Afghanistan, I don't think that's the end of the world.
01:11:37.300But if we're making – if we're now having the moral discussion, then I think it's important to remember that when we went in there, the people who helped us in Afghanistan, I don't think they did so on the suggestion that we were going to stay there forever and claim it as an imperial territory.
01:11:49.880That was not the argument we made when we went in.
01:12:51.400Literally every place that we fought and won, we still have troops.
01:12:55.080Every place that we fought and suffered humiliating defeat, we don't still have troops.
01:12:58.440If I can just inject one more time my morbidly tragic life here.
01:13:03.800One thing we should also keep in mind, that the thing that we're actually noticing is that a democracy is a very bad system for running an empire.
01:13:12.060And the reason it's a bad system for running an empire is because one day you've got George W. Bush running the place.
01:13:17.420And the next day you've got Joe Biden or Obama running the place.
01:13:20.760And they pull out our troops and they put our troops back in and our promises are broken.
01:13:23.800And our promises are broken for democratic reasons because we voted for somebody who was going to break the promise of the last guy we voted for.
01:13:29.480This is one of the reasons that as great – as free nations become strong and free nations become strong, they become empires and they stop being free nations.
01:13:37.660And this is one of the prices I believe we're going to have to pay.
01:13:40.240There's a reason the Roman Republic fell.
01:13:42.400There's a reason this republic will fall.
01:13:43.940And I think that we have to understand that what you guys are talking about, keeping your promises, is going to be a drain on the democratic process.
01:13:53.400Foreign policy has been – I mean, I just – again, I'm going to point out that every president since Barack Obama pledged to get the troops out and nobody did it.
01:14:02.820Because it turns out that foreign policy is not a democratic process.
01:14:17.020If you looked at the list of American priorities, getting out of Afghanistan –
01:14:19.800But they voted for somebody who was going to get us out.
01:14:21.580Okay, but – okay, now you're actually justifying the idea that they voted for somebody who pledged that he was going to go to universal health care.
01:14:30.820And George W. Bush was right in 2005 when he said you voted for a guy who's going to privatize Social Security, except that's not the way this works.
01:14:36.560Okay, just because you vote for a president of the United States and because that president wins does not mean that he has a referendum on every single issue down the line or that his calculus –
01:14:44.780But I'm talking about the reality of it.
01:14:54.900It is also true that the American people have a piss-poor understanding of foreign policy because our leadership class is garbage when it comes to this stuff.