The Michael Knowles Show


Ep. 104 - The Republican-American Heritage of Anti Racism


Summary

On this episode of The Michael Knowles Show, Michael is in Palm Beach, Florida, at the Kudair Institute. He was invited by President Trump to speak at a conference called "The Future of Conservativeism in the Age of Trump."


Transcript

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00:00:37.900 That racist, horrible monster Attorney General Jeff Sessions said a perfectly innocuous thing
00:00:44.840 that people don't understand. So he's a terrible racist. We will analyze all of the hubbub and why
00:00:50.560 everything now, every single thing that you can possibly utter is racist, probably even what I
00:00:55.420 just said. And then we have a very special This Day in History today. We are going to talk about
00:01:00.480 Galileo. We are going to talk about St. Valentine. And speaking of racism and race relations,
00:01:06.080 we are going to talk not just about the Anglo-American history of law enforcement and the
00:01:11.100 sheriff's office, but the Republican-American history of anti-racism with Teddy Roosevelt and
00:01:16.280 Booker T. Washington. I'm Michael Knowles, and this is The Michael Knowles Show.
00:01:19.160 You might notice that I am not in my usual digs today. I am in this library of books and an office.
00:01:34.900 I kind of feel like Tai Lopez. I'm here with all my books. So right now I'm in Palm Beach. I am a
00:01:40.660 stone's throw from the president's winter White House, Mar-a-Lago. I have spoken to many people
00:01:46.580 today who regularly see the president down here. It's very nice. I was invited down to speak at the
00:01:51.920 Kudair Institute by Dale Kudair, and I'll be here with Ramesh Panaru and Mike Frank from the Hoover
00:01:58.260 Institution and Al Felsenberg, who just wrote a wonderful biography about Bill Buckley. We'll be
00:02:03.140 talking tonight about the future of conservatism in the age of Trump. I think I may be one of the few
00:02:08.840 defenders of our great leader, Armando Mussolini. So we'll tell you more about that tomorrow. Maybe
00:02:14.680 we'll try to get a video up as well. We have a lot to talk about today. This Jeff Sessions story
00:02:18.820 is so outrageous. It gets to so much of what we talk about on this show, about the light education
00:02:25.660 of our self-appointed elites and the ridiculous abuse of the English language. And we've got to
00:02:30.920 talk about all of that except providentially. Providentially. I'm here in Palm Beach. I'm a
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00:05:38.460 very nice. So that's that's Mar-a-Lago. That's the Winter White House. Now we've got to get back
00:05:45.660 to that racist Jeff Sessions. I don't I don't even know if I can say it. I don't even know if I can
00:05:50.740 say such a hateful statement that Jeff Sessions made. Let's let him say it himself. The office of
00:05:55.260 sheriff is a critical part of the Anglo-American heritage of law enforcement. We must never erode
00:06:03.900 this historic office. The Anglo-American heritage of law enforcement is this is what this is what
00:06:12.420 we've been seeing for years. This is what Ferguson was about. The racist law enforcement is made for
00:06:17.920 the white man to defend the. Oh, no, that's not what it means at all. Brie Newsome, a professional
00:06:22.400 activist, she tweeted this out. She put the shock dyes next to it. Anglo-American heritage of, oh,
00:06:28.780 my goodness gracious, Twitter lost its mind. Matthew Iglesias, who more than anybody, he's one of the
00:06:35.040 writers at Vox dot com more than anybody, I think, or at least as much as anybody. This guy has
00:06:40.020 contributed to the dumbing down of public discourse. Matt Iglesias tweeted out. He said Sessions could
00:06:44.940 have avoided a lot of trouble this morning by either saying common law instead of Anglo-American
00:06:50.800 or not having a long record in public life as a racist. He's a racist. Matt Iglesias, by the way,
00:06:57.740 he's the guy when Andrew Breitbart died and left four children and a wife at the age of 43.
00:07:04.660 He tweeted out that the world is a better place because Andrew Breitbart is dead. That's the kind
00:07:08.000 of person he is. So he tweeted that out and he used this term common law. What exactly did Jeff
00:07:14.080 Sessions say? So it's he said that the sheriff is evidence and an important part of the Anglo-American
00:07:21.440 heritage of law enforcement. So let's just let's take a step back. Let's just go to the wiki page
00:07:27.400 for sheriff. What is a sheriff? We all know sheriffs. We have the local sheriff in town.
00:07:31.400 A sheriff is a government official, according to Wikipedia, with varying duties existing in some
00:07:36.440 countries with historical ties to England, where the office originated. That's it. That's what a
00:07:42.020 sheriff is. Sheriff is an officer initially responsible for the shire or county, the shire
00:07:48.160 sheriff. They're usually elected officials. So these are great in local elections. You always see the
00:07:54.620 sheriffs come out, but they don't have them everywhere in the world. They don't have sheriffs
00:07:58.100 in Italy. They don't have sheriffs in France. They don't have sheriffs in places that don't
00:08:02.900 have an Anglo heritage, such as our Anglo-American legal tradition. The full text of what he said,
00:08:08.620 he said, I want to thank every sheriff in America since our founding. The independently elected sheriff
00:08:14.060 has been the people's protector who keeps law enforcement close to and accountable to people
00:08:19.280 through the elected process. And this is an important aspect of the office. Why do we have a
00:08:23.980 sheriff? Why don't we just have a super captain of police? Why don't we have just higher ranking
00:08:28.660 police officers? Well, we have plenty of ranks of police officers, but the police work for the
00:08:34.100 government. They're not directly accountable to the people. But in our common English tradition,
00:08:39.800 we have more accountability to the people. So there's someone who is a legal officer who's over
00:08:45.980 law enforcement who is elected by us. And if law enforcement isn't doing a good job by us,
00:08:50.800 we can throw that sheriff out. This is why it is so disingenuous for people like Brie Newsome or
00:08:56.320 Matthew Iglesias or all of these other people who never even Googled the phrase and never even
00:09:02.460 looked on the Wikipedia, for goodness sake, before they drew their crazy conclusions. All those people
00:09:07.980 who are complaining that law enforcement is harsh on citizens or the police are being brutal or they're
00:09:13.480 targeting certain citizens or others, they should love the sheriff. They should applaud Jeff Sessions
00:09:18.380 and say, yes, we need more sheriffs, Jeff Sessions. We need more civilian oversight and more democratic
00:09:23.860 accountability for that office. But of course they don't do that because Jeff Sessions is a mean old
00:09:28.720 racist. Never mind that Jeff Sessions executed the head of the KKK in Alabama. Jeff Sessions is
00:09:34.420 responsible for the death by the civil authority of the head of the KKK in Alabama. Forget that. He's a
00:09:41.300 racist. Why is he a racist? Well, because he's got a Southern accent and he works for Donald Trump. And that
00:09:46.180 is enough. It is such a glib reaction. The Anglo-American law, another term for that is
00:09:52.460 the common law. We hear this all the time. Actually, so if you Google Anglo-American law
00:09:57.020 and Google Scholar, half a million results come up, about half a million results just in scholarly
00:10:02.160 papers. This is obviously a widely accepted term throughout case law. But in 2016, actually,
00:10:08.740 an Obama-era DOJ official, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Bill Baer,
00:10:14.940 he referred to the Anglo-American common law during a speech in Beijing. That was an Obama-era
00:10:22.300 appointment. But of course, you won't hear about that. And it's because there's just this reflex now
00:10:27.740 to call people racist. And it's why the term has lost meaning. And it's really, they can't just use
00:10:33.220 this with immunity. We were talking a little bit yesterday about how you can't stretch these bounds
00:10:38.100 indefinitely, infinitely. There is a point at which they break. And here's the threat to that side.
00:10:43.920 If somebody calls a Republican a racist, that goes without saying. Ann Coulter once told me,
00:10:49.340 when a liberal calls you a racist, you know you've won the argument. If a lefty calls a
00:10:54.580 conservative a racist, well, it doesn't mean anything. It doesn't say anything about your
00:10:57.880 character. That's just the tactic they use. But there are racists. There are racists in there.
00:11:03.340 There are people who judge others primarily based on the color of their skin. And that's not good.
00:11:09.500 That has no place in a civilization that comes out of Christianity. It doesn't make any sense in this
00:11:16.340 civilization. But the more that the left maligns conservatives as racists, the more cover they're
00:11:23.000 going to give to actual racists. The more that they malign good points and good oversight for law
00:11:27.960 enforcement, the more we'll say, well, okay, I suppose there can't be any oversight for law
00:11:32.680 enforcement. I guess this is the system we're in. It's a really stupid tactic. It's a penny wise,
00:11:39.600 but pound foolish. In the short term, they might get some electoral bonus points out of it. But in
00:11:44.180 the long term, it is going to really undercut their argument. It could lead to some nasty things.
00:11:47.880 Because if every right winger is a racist, then Richard Spencer is just the same as anybody else.
00:11:53.740 If every right winger is a racist, then David Duke is just the same as everybody else.
00:11:58.300 But they're not. They have different premises. They have different policy goals. They do different
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00:15:01.120 there are a few other things. You know, now everything is called racist. That's just the
00:15:06.020 easy word to throw around. And there were even more ridiculous things than this. Some of the
00:15:12.920 other things in recent years, hoop earrings apparently are now racist. Some Vice magazine
00:15:17.020 writer named Ruby Pivot said that only Hispanics are allowed to wear hoop earrings. They're part of
00:15:23.080 the Hispanic culture. And if you wear hoop earrings, you're culturally appropriating, which in itself
00:15:29.060 doesn't really make any sense. Cause if you don't do it, then you're excluding the culture.
00:15:33.280 But if you do do it, then you're appropriating the culture. So you're kind of damned if you do
00:15:37.200 and damned if you don't. It's also historically illiterate, just like the reaction to Jeff
00:15:41.880 Sessions comment, ancient Egyptians wore hoop earrings. Hoop earrings have been around for a
00:15:46.220 very long time. The Hispanic race has only been around for 500 years. The Hispanic race was invented
00:15:51.460 by Christopher Columbus. It began with Christopher Columbus because of the connection between the old
00:15:56.040 world, Spain and the new people, the indigenous people of the new world coming together. And it
00:16:01.460 created a race of Latinos. So the ancient Egyptians came before them. Hoop earrings have been around a
00:16:06.380 lot longer than 500 years, but now that's racist. The movie Dunkirk, I kid you not, the USA Today
00:16:11.800 reviewer Brian Truitt said that viewers may find it troubling that the lead characters of Dunkirk were all
00:16:18.660 white. There were white men. There were white men too. So the lead characters of a movie about a
00:16:24.900 specific battle, a military battle where British soldiers fought off Nazi soldiers. The lead
00:16:33.600 characters were all white men. And what's racist about that, of course, is that British men are
00:16:38.340 British men. That's the trouble. That's what's now right. Reality is right. History is racist. Did you
00:16:42.740 know that? So this is really, obviously there are some political and moral and cultural hazards here,
00:16:49.460 but it's also, you just look so foolish when you say these things. I can't believe that the left
00:16:53.820 doesn't hesitate when they say these things now, because it's so demonstrably false when they say
00:16:59.640 them. You can just Google Anglo-American heritage and you come up with these things. Everybody should
00:17:04.480 take a break. When you have a strong impulse in politics, you have a real passion, you're really,
00:17:10.600 really angry. Nine times out of 10, that's going to be evidence that you don't really know that much.
00:17:15.640 You don't have all the facts before you. The people who are screaming and red in the face and
00:17:19.840 wearing the pussy hats and all of that, those aren't the people that really know the political
00:17:26.100 issues in the historical context. Usually it's the people who are a little calmer, who are speaking
00:17:30.340 a little more calmly and eloquently. Generally, those guys know a little bit more about what
00:17:35.820 they're thinking. So maybe a lesson in political humility, because political tribalism has replaced
00:17:40.940 all other divisions among society. It is now preeminent. Now, whenever you're about to yell
00:17:46.580 something from the rooftop, maybe a lesson in political humility that we can pass on to our
00:17:50.260 friends is just take a step, step back, search for the thing, maybe crack the spine of a book,
00:17:56.800 heaven forfend, and see if you're right. Maybe say, oh, maybe that person has something to teach me.
00:18:01.840 Maybe the attorney general knows a little bit more about legal history than I, some dude,
00:18:08.020 knows about legal history. That humility, if we had just one extra ounce of humility in our politics,
00:18:14.400 I think all of this rancor and division would be dramatically diminished. Speaking of rancor and
00:18:20.220 division, I want to touch on this. We have a lot of this day in history to get to. I do want to
00:18:23.540 touch very quickly. The New York Times is now officially drawing moral equivalence between
00:18:27.540 the United States and North Korea. The New York Times reported on the Olympics, Vice President Mike
00:18:32.460 Pence, who was leading the American delegation to the Olympics, warned that the North was trying to
00:18:36.540 hijack the message and imagery of the Olympic Games with its propaganda, they use the quotes,
00:18:42.000 not me, and a charm offensive. Mr. Pence mounted a counter-propaganda campaign of sorts,
00:18:48.140 meeting defectors from North Korea and bringing with him the father of Otto F. Warmbier, an American
00:18:54.280 university student who died last year, shortly after he was released, from months of detention in the
00:18:59.820 North. But his efforts did a little to stop the hoopla over Ms. Kim. So you see what they did.
00:19:04.980 There's the propaganda offensive from North Korea, and then there's the counter-propaganda,
00:19:08.580 and that's just it. There's just propaganda, counter-propaganda, just what he said, what she
00:19:12.880 said. And look, so she goes and she pretends that she doesn't enslave hundreds of thousands of people
00:19:19.320 in concentration camps and starve millions of people in her own country. And Mike Pence goes
00:19:24.060 with the father of an American student who was murdered by that regime. It's just this one and
00:19:30.460 this one. Who can say who's right? It's just what he said and what she said. It's so disgusting.
00:19:35.640 The New York Times has been doing things like this for a very long time. This is particularly
00:19:40.680 egregious, and we should not hesitate for one moment to rake them over the coals for this.
00:19:47.040 It's really, really disgusting. Imagine being the father of Otto Warmbier. Imagine being that guy and
00:19:52.360 reading in what was once the major newspaper in your country that you are, yeah, you're basically,
00:19:58.520 you know, you're our propaganda and they have their propaganda. It's so, so gross. Okay. I guess
00:20:04.940 that's why Andrew Klavan calls him a former newspaper. Let's get to this day in history.
00:20:10.040 This day in history.
00:20:12.980 On this day in history in 1905, Teddy Roosevelt gave a speech on race at the New York Republican
00:20:18.920 Club. And the whole tenor of the speech was on race relations. He had just won his second term.
00:20:24.080 He was elected the first time in 1901. Then he entered his second term in 1905. And he gave the
00:20:29.220 speech in honor of Abraham Lincoln around Lincoln's birthday. And it's really fitting because
00:20:33.880 everyone is having this hullabaloo over Jeff Sessions's allegedly racist comments that were
00:20:39.520 not racist at all. Teddy Roosevelt gave a really beautiful speech. He started quoting Abraham
00:20:44.660 Lincoln's magnanimity upon reelection. And then he quoted, this is Roosevelt.
00:20:48.760 This is the spirit in which mighty Lincoln sought to bind up the nation's wounds when its soul was yet
00:20:53.780 seething with fierce hatreds, with wrath, with rancor, with all the evil and dreadful passions
00:21:00.620 provoked by civil war. Surely this is the spirit which all Americans should show now when there is
00:21:06.520 so little excuse for malice or rancor or hatred, when there is so little of vital consequence to
00:21:11.460 divide brother from brother. He went on, we of today in dealing with all our fellow citizens,
00:21:18.040 white or colored, North or South, should strive to show just the qualities that Lincoln showed.
00:21:23.260 His steadfastness and striving after the right and his infinite patience and forbearance with those
00:21:27.860 who saw that right less clearly than he did. His earnest endeavor to do what was best and yet his
00:21:33.720 readiness to accept the best that was practicable when the ideal best was unattainable. His unceasing
00:21:40.140 effort to cure what was evil, coupled with his refusal to make a bad situation worse by any ill-judged
00:21:47.240 or ill-timed effort to make it better. This is so profoundly applicable to today. People, especially on
00:21:53.900 the right, sometimes criticized Teddy Roosevelt for not being a real conservative. He liked the
00:21:59.060 environment a lot and he called himself a progressive, even though that term was quite
00:22:03.400 different than how we use it today. But what he just explained is a profound conservatism,
00:22:08.780 especially that last line of the first part. There is so little of vital consequence to divide brother
00:22:15.860 from brother. Today, there is so little of vital consequence to divide brother from brother. We live in the
00:22:21.700 most prosperous time in the history of the world. There is so little true social inequality, insurmountable
00:22:29.140 social inequality that can't be fixed by going to school and working hard. There is so little health
00:22:36.080 inequality. Everyone is living so much longer now. We do have universal healthcare in this country, regardless
00:22:41.400 of what the lefties say. We don't have socialized medicine, thankfully, but anyone who goes to a hospital
00:22:45.860 will be treated. There is so little to divide us that we make up this petty nonsense. We're not
00:22:52.200 fighting major wars anymore. There's no military draft. There are no major religious wars in the
00:22:57.320 United States. There's just a malaise of secular humanism, a malaise of atheist decadence. That is
00:23:04.260 not sufficient. So Roosevelt is talking about this moment, looking back on the Civil War. We can look back
00:23:09.700 on the early 20th century and say, we have it so much better now. But he makes the point to not be
00:23:14.800 utopian, to not be rationalist about these things. Lincoln had this earnest endeavor to do what was
00:23:22.020 best, but he had the readiness to do the best that was practicable when the ideal best was unattainable.
00:23:28.140 He wouldn't make a situation worse by trying to do the best. He would deal in reality. That's so
00:23:35.360 beautiful. And a lot of the speech is about the betterment of black people and white people. These
00:23:40.460 days that would be called racist, just like everything is called racist these days. But it was
00:23:44.820 really beautiful. What Roosevelt is saying is that black people are socially unequal at this moment
00:23:51.980 because they've been excluded from society. They've been enslaved. They've been denied education.
00:23:57.280 They've been denied human dignity. They've been denied liberty. Of course, they're unequal.
00:24:01.680 How on earth could they possibly be equal in a social measure after all of that, just coming out of
00:24:07.740 all of that? But the point he was making is that our fortunes are intertwined together. If we fail in
00:24:15.200 this endeavor to raise up people that have been excluded from society and to involve them in society,
00:24:21.500 all races will fail. All people in this society will fail. And if we succeed in that, all races will
00:24:26.500 be bettered. He was really good on this point on race from early on in 1901, right at the beginning
00:24:33.420 of his first term. He became the first president invited who invited a black person to a meal at
00:24:38.840 the White House. Black people had been invited to meetings at the White House before that. But
00:24:43.240 meetings are just business. Black people built the White House. Black people had a business
00:24:47.480 relationship. Black slaves had a business relationship with their slave masters from
00:24:52.060 the early days of this country. But they didn't have social equality. And a meal at the White House
00:24:56.880 implied social equality. That's why this was such a big moment. He invited Booker T. Washington.
00:25:02.140 We could do a whole episode on Booker T. Washington, one of the great men of his century.
00:25:06.320 But it took political courage because segregation was the law of the land.
00:25:09.960 Washington and Roosevelt had become fairly close. They corresponded. And this was Booker T. Washington
00:25:15.280 was a former slave. And he had dinner with the president of the United States. But Teddy Roosevelt
00:25:19.520 did it because he was fairly impulsive. Historians say he was given to impulse. And so he just decided
00:25:26.500 he was going to invite this guy to dinner. And he hesitated because he realized what the fallout would be
00:25:31.020 from society to him and also against Booker T. Washington. And then he was ashamed that he felt
00:25:38.980 the hesitation. And he sent the invitation. And when Booker T. Washington received the invitation,
00:25:43.880 he felt dread and hesitation because he knew what the consequences would be. But he knew that he was
00:25:48.600 being called on for this major moment in history. And he did it. A former slave and the president of
00:25:53.800 the United States having dinner at the White House and both Republicans caused a lot of a stir.
00:26:00.620 And but that impulsiveness and that not caring about shaking up tradition, which might remind us of
00:26:07.600 some people in the Oval Office today, this is what made this moment happen. And in the selection of
00:26:13.800 Booker T. Washington is even so beautiful. This is one of the great men. He created the Atlanta
00:26:18.040 Compromise in 1895. The agreement of the Atlanta Compromise was that for the time,
00:26:23.680 Southern blacks would consent to white political rule in the South, as long as Southern whites
00:26:29.180 guaranteed blacks education and due process. And this, oh, that doesn't sound pretty. That's wrong.
00:26:34.740 It is wrong. Obviously, it's wrong to consent to that. Oh, that's not. And so the utopians
00:26:38.800 ultimately excoriated him for this. W.E.B. Du Bois, a more utopian and left-wing
00:26:43.520 black rights activist, initially liked the Atlanta Compromise, and then it wasn't good enough for
00:26:49.180 him. But Booker T. Washington dealt in reality. And dealing in reality is not a bad thing. It's
00:26:54.620 not morally icky to deal in reality. It's really the only courageous choice, because if we just deal
00:27:01.300 in the clouds, we might feel pure and morally pure, but we won't do anything. And we might actually make
00:27:07.040 a bad situation worse. So the selection of Washington is so beautiful. And this shows
00:27:13.320 the Republican history. Very, very often you'll hear people say, oh, well, the party's switched.
00:27:18.020 And no, he wasn't a real Republican and this and that and this and that. Nonsense. The Republican
00:27:21.860 Party, since it was found, the Republican Party was founded in opposition to slavery. But since the
00:27:26.260 beginning, it has stood for human dignity and ordered liberty. You can trace that conservative
00:27:31.440 tradition through all its meanderings, from Edmund Burke all the way up to Bill Buckley and wherever
00:27:36.680 we are now. You can trace that thread through human dignity and ordered liberty. And it's a lovely
00:27:41.680 moment that happened on this day in history when Teddy Roosevelt gave that speech. All right, do I
00:27:46.480 have to? I got probably have to say goodbye. I'm sorry. I have to say goodbye. We have so much more to
00:27:50.440 get to, though. We have my favorite subject, one of my favorite subjects, which is why Galileo was a big
00:27:55.720 jerk and the church was right and they should never have apologized to him. But and we and we'll also
00:27:59.940 we'll close talking about St. Valentine. But I'm sorry, if you're watching this on Facebook,
00:28:04.800 I got to say goodbye. If you're watching this on YouTube, you're a liar because they probably
00:28:09.300 aren't letting me stream to YouTube anymore. I think they're censoring every word that comes
00:28:12.920 out of my mouth, me and every other conservative. So if you're on Facebook, go to dailywire.com right
00:28:17.660 now. If you go to dailywire.com, what do you get? You get me, the Andrew Klavan show, the Ben Shapiro
00:28:22.080 show. You get the conversation. You get to ask questions. And my conversation is up and it's up
00:28:27.300 tomorrow at 5 p.m. Eastern, 2 p.m. Pacific. So check it out. Then you can ask me anything.
00:28:32.840 The love doctor is in the house, baby. Ask me any question and I'll probably ruin your
00:28:37.400 relationship, but take it for what it's worth. You'll get to ask questions. Many everybody can
00:28:41.820 watch. Few can ask questions. Many are called, but fewer chosen. None of that matters. What really
00:28:45.980 matters is the leftist tears tumbler. You need to get it. It is. This is an insurance policy for your
00:28:51.340 family and for your family's safety. There's a lot more coming down the road, a lot more success out of
00:28:55.680 this administration. The advancement of a conservative agenda. Nobody wants that. Jeff
00:29:00.120 Sessions is going to, he might even say things like God bless America in the future. The tears are
00:29:04.580 going to be flying. The salty, delicious tears are going to be wall to wall. Make sure you can protect
00:29:09.080 you and your family. Go to dailywire.com. We'll be right back.
00:29:11.920 Moving right along on this day in history. This is a really good day in history. I'm glad we were
00:29:26.400 going to move this show, but there were too many this days in history to do. So I'm sorry,
00:29:31.520 we have to do it today, even if we're in like the bunker here. So on this day in history in 1633,
00:29:37.000 Galileo was called to Rome for questioning. Galileo was called to Rome. Those terrible
00:29:42.820 Catholics who hated science, the anti-science. He was just trying to show them the light and,
00:29:48.500 and the cat, that awful anti-progressive Catholic church shut him down. Thank goodness we had the
00:29:53.880 reformation so that we could have some science and enlightenment and whatever nonsense people say.
00:29:59.060 That isn't, none of that is true. And Galileo was a big jerk and he should have been punished more
00:30:03.400 harshly. That's basically what you should take away from this to begin with the first charge.
00:30:07.360 The church is not anti-science. It's not anti-science now. It was not anti-science then.
00:30:12.320 It never has been anti-science. During Galileo's time itself, Jesuits ran plenty of scientific
00:30:17.620 endeavors in Rome. From the early Middle Ages, Bishop Isidore of Seville wrote the Encyclopedia of
00:30:23.480 Natural Knowledge. Bede of Gero, same thing. Alcuin of York advised Charlemagne on scientific
00:30:29.180 matters. Rabinus Maurus, the Archbishop of Mainz, was one of the most prominent scientists of the
00:30:36.560 Carolingian age. In the later Middle Ages, the Catholic Church founded the university system.
00:30:41.560 So all, really all of the categorized science, all of the institutionalized science comes from the
00:30:48.080 Catholic Church. The Chartres Cathedral School, University of Bologna, University of Paris, Oxford,
00:30:53.460 Salerno, Vicenza, Cambridge, Salamanca, Naples, Padova, goes on and on and on. Those were all founded by
00:30:59.140 Catholics. Georgius Agricola, Georgius Agricola, was the founder of geology. He was devoted Catholic.
00:31:06.200 Nicholas Steno, anatomical scientist and geologist, devoted Catholic. On astronomy,
00:31:11.340 the Church founded the modern calendar. So we're saying, well, maybe they were good on geology,
00:31:15.380 but they were nuts about the sky. They just believed in silly myths about the sky. Not true.
00:31:21.440 They actually founded the modern calendar because the old Julian calendar didn't match up with
00:31:25.860 astronomical reality. So they started the Gregorian calendar. Even Copernicus. So Copernicus was the
00:31:31.700 first guy to propose the heliocentric view of the universe, that the sun is in the center of the
00:31:37.700 solar system and the earth revolves around the sun. And the same thing that Galileo was talking about.
00:31:43.180 So Copernicus must have been burned at the stake, wasn't he? He was tortured, just like Galileo was
00:31:47.020 allegedly tortured, but he wasn't. No, that's not true at all. When Copernicus presented his theories,
00:31:53.080 Pope Clement VII was quite interested in them and received them warmly. Copernicus actually dedicated
00:31:58.700 his major work to Pope Paul III. Ironically, Martin Luther appears to have made a big deal about
00:32:03.960 rejecting that theory before Catholics did. And his followers, the Lutherans, rejected that model.
00:32:09.240 Kepler expanded on Copernicus's work of the heliocentric solar system. And he was run out of town by his
00:32:16.640 fellow Protestants. In fact, the only place he found refuge was among Jesuits. There's also, by the way,
00:32:23.360 at the time, there was good evidence against heliocentrism. So Galileo's idea is that he said
00:32:29.280 he was building on the work of Copernicus and others, but he was saying that the earth revolves
00:32:35.020 around the sun rather than the earth sitting at the center of the universe, of the solar system.
00:32:39.460 But the evidence at the time came all the way back from Aristotle, who made this point.
00:32:44.580 If the sun is at the center, then there should be observable parallax shifts in stars' positions.
00:32:50.960 But the technology at the time, including Galileo's technology, couldn't measure those shifts.
00:32:55.480 So there actually was plenty of good scientific evidence against the sun being at the center.
00:33:00.060 Obviously, now we have much more sophisticated equipment, so we can see that that isn't true.
00:33:03.820 St. Augustine, by the way, gives great ample evidence that the Catholic Church has never
00:33:11.100 stood in the way of science because he liked to observe that the Bible teaches us how to go to
00:33:16.620 heaven, not how the heavens go. He wrote, one does not read in scripture, I will send you the
00:33:21.800 paraclete who will teach you the course of the sun and the moon, right? He doesn't teach us about that.
00:33:26.880 He teaches you how to be a Christian, not how to be a mathematician or an astronomer.
00:33:30.060 Some within the church at the time of Galileo, admittedly, insisted on too literal an interpretation
00:33:36.000 of scripture, but that persists throughout the world today, not predominantly among Catholics,
00:33:40.700 but among other denominations. We hear of Bible literalists, Bible churches, or the Bible is
00:33:47.060 literal. But even this, I don't mean to mock those points of view. It's a subtle and difficult point
00:33:52.940 because the word literally means not symbolically, right? It's not simply, it's literally, except that
00:34:00.880 the word literally is referring to letters, which are symbols. So even in literally, you get a
00:34:06.820 difficult image with which to view the relation of the symbol to the symbolized. More on that later.
00:34:13.460 Even with all of this, even with all of this, Pope Urban III allowed Galileo to publish arguments for
00:34:19.940 his theory. He just said, do not advocate the new position too forcefully, but you can publish all
00:34:26.040 of your arguments and all of your evidence if you like. Galileo, being a jerk, put those words into
00:34:32.300 the character Simplicio, Simplicio in his dialogue on the two world systems. So he's basically calling
00:34:39.580 the clergy, he's calling the great high ups in the clergy, idiots in his dialogue because Galileo is a
00:34:46.880 jerk. So not only does he not do, he does the one thing that he was told not to do, he could publish
00:34:51.720 whatever he wants, but he also alienated all of his advocates in the church so they couldn't
00:34:55.920 support him anymore. Now he wasn't tortured. While the Protestants in New England were busy burning
00:35:00.700 witches at the stake, the Catholics were very nice to Galileo. He was imprisoned in his very nice home.
00:35:05.740 He had a servant. He had everything he could ever want to do scientific experiments. And then in 1992,
00:35:11.100 for some reason, the Vatican apologized for its treatment of Galileo, which it certainly shouldn't have
00:35:16.080 done. It didn't really do anything wrong. Galileo was a big jerk. Sometimes you got to smack big
00:35:20.260 jerks around and make them stay in their nice house. And also he wasn't entirely right. Galileo
00:35:25.600 said that the sun was in the center of the universe, but obviously that isn't the case. The universe is
00:35:30.140 much larger than we thought it was. So even looking back on Galileo, it's not like he got it perfectly
00:35:35.580 right either. Okay. That's enough of my lambasting Galileo. One last bit I want to leave you on before we
00:35:41.020 hop out of here. I want to leave you with a little bit of love, a little, here's the love doctor,
00:35:45.760 onto St. Valentine's Day. So people ask, what is St. Valentine's Day about? Who is St. Valentine?
00:35:50.600 What do we know about him? How did we get from St. Valentine to giving each other chocolates?
00:35:55.100 St. Valentine is apparently an early Christian martyr, had his head chopped off and suffered
00:36:00.380 all manner of torture. So how do we get from that to giving each other nice candy hearts and flowers
00:36:06.320 and things? A lot of this does date back to ancient Roman festivals. So sometimes people criticize the
00:36:13.980 Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church and some of the high Protestant churches for indulging
00:36:19.260 in pagan rituals, you know, Christmas trees or whatever, celebrating Christmas in December when
00:36:24.620 Christ might have been born in the spring or something like that. But the church for thousands
00:36:30.600 of years now has made it a cause to take pagan things that were popular and then baptize them into
00:36:37.180 Christianity, which seems fine by me. That's really the mission of the church, right? It's to baptize
00:36:42.380 the whole world, not just, you know, among Jews in first century Palestine, but to all peoples for all
00:36:48.880 times. So there was an ancient Roman festival of Lupercalia, which was observed from February 13th to
00:36:56.100 February 15th. It involved cleansing rituals. It was a festival of fertility. Sounds like a lot of fun.
00:37:01.940 Pope Galatius I abolished this at the end of the fifth century. Sad, but it's easy to abolish these
00:37:10.540 things. It's harder to stamp out the rituals, especially when fertility is concerned. So the
00:37:15.440 first link between Valentine's Day and St. Valentine, these rituals that came out of Lupercalia and St.
00:37:23.120 Valentine was from Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote the Canterbury Tales. And he noted it in relation to the
00:37:29.340 marriage of Richard II and his wife. Chaucer wrote, for this was on St. Valentine's Day,
00:37:34.220 when every bird cometh there to choose his mate. You know what those birds get up to, those birds and
00:37:40.080 those bees. So current scholarship suggests that Chaucer actually might have had a different St.
00:37:46.960 Valentine in mind. We don't know anything about St. Valentine really, other than he was a martyr who
00:37:51.820 died for Christ. But we know so little about the guy. All we know is that he was a Christian
00:37:56.840 martyr who died for his faith. But he actually had to be removed from the Catholic calendar because
00:38:03.940 we don't know anything else about him. That is fine. You know, we've made it through all of this
00:38:08.720 history. And now, you know, we've clearly the whole holiday has been imbued with the romance and
00:38:14.720 the eros that it had from ancient days. And so maybe give a nod to those Christian martyrs and think
00:38:20.600 about as you indulge in romantic love, it's not like the church or St. Valentine or our civilization
00:38:26.860 says that romantic love is bad or erotic love is bad. It isn't. But there is a higher love and there
00:38:32.300 is the love of God. No greater love has a man than to die for his brothers, for his friends. So maybe as
00:38:38.380 you get a little saucy on Valentine's Day, consider all the variations of love and how the love that we
00:38:44.820 feel for one another and our romantic partners is lovely in itself and an evidence of a higher love,
00:38:50.900 which might be even more pleasing, though that's hard to believe. Okay, that's our show for today.
00:38:55.940 I will see you for the conversation. Make sure to come on the show at 5 p.m. Eastern, 2 p.m. Pacific
00:39:02.300 and ask some questions. And otherwise, I will see you then unless something happens midair. But
00:39:08.580 let's knock on wood that that won't happen. In the meantime, I'm Michael Knowles. This is The
00:39:12.400 Michael Knowles Show. I'll see you tomorrow.
00:39:14.820 I'll see you tomorrow.
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