The Michael Knowles Show


Ep. 119 - Are Social Media Giants Killing Conservatives? ft. Austin Petersen


Summary

On this day in history: On this episode of the Michael Knowles Show, we have a special guest on the show to talk about Ring, a doorbell that keeps your house and family safe. Plus, we discuss the latest in Trump headlines.


Transcript

00:00:00.000 What Facebook giveth, Facebook taketh away.
00:00:03.800 Big tech giants are clamping down on conservatives with catastrophic results.
00:00:08.320 For us and for all of society, we will discuss with Austin Peterson,
00:00:12.040 a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate in Missouri,
00:00:14.800 who was just banned from Facebook for running an AR-15 campaign giveaway.
00:00:19.720 What's the matter with that? I don't know what could be.
00:00:22.000 That is my kind of campaign. Great giveaway.
00:00:23.880 Then, my grand theory of Trump headlines, tariffs,
00:00:26.860 the U.K. deporting that vicious terrorist, Lauren Southern.
00:00:30.900 You know that hot dude that we had on the show last week, that terrorist?
00:00:34.100 And we come full circle with FDR's fireside chats on this day in history.
00:00:38.880 I'm Michael Knowles, and this is The Michael Knowles Show.
00:00:47.800 Today is a good day. It is a good day for a couple reasons.
00:00:50.660 One, we get to keep the lights on here. That's important.
00:00:53.320 We always enjoy doing that. We can do that thanks to Ring.
00:00:55.420 Also, thanks to Ring, we can keep neighborhoods safe.
00:00:58.580 We can catch bad guys.
00:01:00.200 We can make sure that your family and your property and your house is safe,
00:01:04.000 and you can use technology.
00:01:05.240 These are all very good things, especially catching bad guys.
00:01:07.820 We don't catch enough of them these days, but with Ring, you can.
00:01:10.920 Ring is, you've heard me talk about these guys a lot,
00:01:13.820 the video doorbell that connects to your cell phone.
00:01:16.420 They have completely changed the home security game with a doorbell.
00:01:20.040 So, you know, in the old days, you would have neighborhood watches,
00:01:22.600 and you'd have to go to meetings with, like, Big Jimbo down the street,
00:01:26.500 and you'd have to drive around or whatever, do all this stuff.
00:01:28.940 You don't, come on, guys, it's 2018. Don't do that anymore.
00:01:31.540 I am a millennial, which means that I refuse to leave my couch for any reason at all,
00:01:36.240 other than to come sit in this chair for, like, an hour a day,
00:01:38.500 and then I go back to my couch.
00:01:39.920 So, when you have Ring, you can do that.
00:01:42.220 You've got your doorbell right there.
00:01:43.540 Someone rings the bell, you just can talk to them right on your cell phone.
00:01:46.440 Two-way, it gets uploaded to the cloud in case somebody steals your Ring doorbell.
00:01:50.260 They think they're clever, right? They're going to take your Ring doorbell.
00:01:52.620 Ha-ha, you've already got them on the cloud.
00:01:54.480 Let me set this up for you, because they've been sending us videos of Ring in action,
00:01:59.340 and they're pretty good.
00:02:00.520 One of the aspects of Ring is you can share the video instantly with your neighbors,
00:02:05.660 so you see some sketchy-looking dude come up,
00:02:07.620 and you can share it and say, watch out for this guy.
00:02:10.620 So, the last one they sent me had a woman in a conspicuously pink knit hat.
00:02:15.360 I wonder, I'm just, I don't know, I'm not saying anything.
00:02:17.240 With this one, a crazy-looking guy walks up to a home.
00:02:20.920 The first thing you hear is him kicking in the door, and then Ring kicks in.
00:02:25.640 Here's the video.
00:02:27.960 Hello?
00:02:33.600 Hey.
00:02:34.860 Are you okay?
00:02:36.700 Leave my house, or I'm calling the police.
00:02:38.820 Okay, what you need to do...
00:02:40.940 Hey, leave my house.
00:02:42.500 Stop now, or I'm calling the police.
00:02:44.620 Why would you tell me that?
00:02:47.300 Because you're trying to push my door in.
00:02:51.640 Leave now.
00:02:52.420 We're all about to smash what's in there.
00:02:56.040 I'm calling the police.
00:02:58.600 Okay.
00:02:59.800 I am the police.
00:03:03.980 Something tells me that guy's not the police.
00:03:06.220 I don't know.
00:03:06.860 I'm not a detective myself, but I suspect that guy is not the police.
00:03:10.700 It's like toothless, crazy person.
00:03:12.380 I hope that guy did call the cops and pick him up and get him off the streets.
00:03:16.560 This is what Ring can do.
00:03:18.080 Can you imagine that?
00:03:19.120 Forget even protecting your family and your house.
00:03:21.360 You would have the joy of talking to that toothless, crazy person trying to rob you and get him to run away.
00:03:29.120 Really, really good.
00:03:30.180 He runs away because that family had Ring.
00:03:33.060 When you see what's going on at the front door, you can really stop crime, and that is pretty empowering.
00:03:39.300 We're big supporters of our civil rights at the Michael Knowles Show, but hopefully you don't need to get all the way back to your last line of protection.
00:03:47.500 Hopefully you can have a little fun while you do it, too.
00:03:49.780 With the Ring floodlight and spotlight cams, you can build a ring of security around your entire property.
00:03:54.080 It lets you protect your home no matter where you are.
00:03:56.180 You can share your clips and keep your neighbors on the lookout for suspicious activity.
00:04:00.800 It's really, really good.
00:04:01.780 All the cool guys I know have them.
00:04:03.260 Seriously, all the very up-to-date on technology people have them.
00:04:07.160 It is a really good deal.
00:04:08.600 Right now, don't say I never did nothing for you.
00:04:10.480 You can save up to $150 on a Ring of Security kit at ring.com slash Knowles, K-N-O-W-L-E-S, like Jay-Z's wife.
00:04:18.300 That is ring.com slash Knowles.
00:04:20.400 Save $150 when you go to ring.com slash Knowles.
00:04:23.740 This is a really important thing.
00:04:27.180 Ever since we got ours, we've really enjoyed it, and a number of our friends have really enjoyed it, too.
00:04:32.300 I highly recommend it.
00:04:33.580 Okay.
00:04:35.160 Now, just one other bit of housekeeping.
00:04:37.240 I've noticed occasionally, you know, obviously I'm always waiting for Ben to just come in and fire me and kick me out of his broom closet here.
00:04:44.020 But occasionally I'll check in and see how our numbers are doing.
00:04:47.480 The numbers are way up on the show, so I just want to thank everybody for doing that.
00:04:50.540 And hello to new people who are watching.
00:04:53.280 It's very, very helpful.
00:04:54.760 We appreciate it.
00:04:55.400 It helps us keep the lights on, just like Ring.
00:04:57.160 If you would, please go to iTunes and leave us a five-star review and leave a review yourself.
00:05:03.600 You could leave a blank review.
00:05:04.660 I suppose that would be kind of funny and coincidental.
00:05:06.800 But whatever you want to say, we really appreciate it.
00:05:08.780 So subscribe and leave a review.
00:05:10.180 Thank you very much.
00:05:11.820 Can we bring on our guest now?
00:05:12.780 Do we have Austin?
00:05:13.600 Austin Peterson is a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate for Missouri.
00:05:16.760 In 2016, Austin ran for president in the Libertarian Party primary, receiving the backing of erstwhile Republicans Mary Matlin and Eric Erickson.
00:05:26.280 After the Libertarian Party primaries concluded, Austin endorsed Gary Johnson for president.
00:05:30.300 Last September, during his Senate campaign, Austin was banned from Facebook for giving away a rifle as a campaign promotion and to highlight Democrat incumbent Claire McCaskill's terrible record on defending Americans' constitutionally protected civil right to keep and bear arms.
00:05:46.620 It later came out, by the way, that Facebook's COO, Sheryl Sandberg, has just, you know, just coincidentally donated the maximum amount of money permitted by law to McCaskill's campaign.
00:05:57.060 It's kind of one of those weird coincidences.
00:05:58.900 Austin, thank you for being here.
00:06:01.600 Hey, good to see you, Michael.
00:06:02.580 Thanks for having me.
00:06:03.420 So there's no bias at Facebook, right?
00:06:05.560 Clearly there's no, they don't have any bias against conservatives.
00:06:09.020 No, Silicon Valley loves conservatives, right?
00:06:12.020 That's why Dennis Prager is having to sue YouTube.
00:06:13.960 That's why conservatives all around the country, I mean, I've been here in Missouri.
00:06:18.180 I ask everybody at these little Republican town meetings, you know, old people even that are on Twitter or Facebook, has anybody here been censored by Facebook or Twitter for being too conservative?
00:06:25.940 And a lot of them raise their hands.
00:06:27.560 So I think there's some bias here.
00:06:29.700 Listen, they're allowed.
00:06:30.960 It's their own platform, private property and everything.
00:06:33.480 But maybe they should be a bit more clear about their bias or at least honest about it, don't you think?
00:06:37.400 Well, this is where it gets really tricky because I have, obviously, from the media side, I've seen what they're doing.
00:06:43.780 To conservative publishers and to publishers in general.
00:06:46.680 On a personal side, I will note, this is just an anecdote.
00:06:49.540 On 2016, on Election Day, I posted a meme to my Facebook page that made fun of Hillary Clinton and said not to vote for her.
00:06:56.240 I was banned for 24 hours, exactly 24 hours from Facebook.
00:07:00.180 And this is the question of regulation.
00:07:02.260 We're conservatives.
00:07:02.940 We don't like too much regulation.
00:07:04.940 Facebook is the largest publisher in the history of the world.
00:07:08.060 Should Facebook be regulated as a publisher?
00:07:10.420 No, because as much as I don't like their behavior, today's Facebook is yesterday's MySpace, right?
00:07:17.180 Or what about Friendster, right?
00:07:18.480 The problem is, is that right now in urgency, right, we're seeing people like publishers like ourselves.
00:07:23.920 I run a small publishing firm, too.
00:07:25.320 And trust me, I know how hard it can be to make a living, especially when they're squashing our views and the algorithms seem to be biased against us.
00:07:32.620 But that creates a market opportunity, right?
00:07:35.520 The socialists would step in and say, well, it's a market failure and we need to regulate.
00:07:39.380 So let's not give in to their arguments.
00:07:41.240 Let's talk about alternatives, right?
00:07:42.960 Right now, there haven't been a lot of good, strong ones.
00:07:45.200 But the last thing we want is an echo chamber.
00:07:47.560 So I think what's going to happen is eventually we will see some sort of open source platform, maybe based on blockchain technology.
00:07:53.880 You just never know what you're going to see in the future.
00:07:55.980 So I don't want to have government step in and start micromanaging how we communicate with one another.
00:08:00.840 Well, I'm not even saying we should break them up as a monopoly, as I think a lot of people are saying on both the left and the right.
00:08:06.560 What I'm saying is, though, there is something different about Facebook than MySpace because they are in the publishing business.
00:08:13.320 They control all of the ad revenue to publishers.
00:08:15.640 They have a built-in platform called Instant Articles for publishers.
00:08:19.680 They decide what you see in your newsfeed and what you don't.
00:08:22.260 And yet, they're not regulated as a publisher because they do this little dance routine and they say, oh, we're just a technology company.
00:08:29.080 We're not a publisher.
00:08:30.240 Do you think moving forward, I know a lot of people who have already been elected are saying they need to start regulating them as a publisher.
00:08:38.000 On that specific regulation, do you think it's still playing too much with fire to get into regulation or do you think we should level it out?
00:08:45.240 Yeah.
00:08:45.940 No, I do.
00:08:47.020 And listen, you're talking to somebody who is actually harmed by this, right?
00:08:50.300 I run a small website.
00:08:51.760 I have a small audience and I make a little bit of my revenue from Facebook, from Twitter.
00:08:57.420 But I just think it's really important for us to keep the government off the internet because then you kind of get the camel's nose under the tent on some of these things.
00:09:06.860 And it's just like net neutrality, right?
00:09:08.460 It's like, oh, it's sold to us for public good.
00:09:10.240 But there's always these unintended consequences that come at us later on down the line.
00:09:14.340 So, you know, I just I really wish that Facebook would stop.
00:09:17.380 I would really just like some clarity, right?
00:09:19.420 Just just be honest about your biases.
00:09:21.700 You know, a lot of times, you know, we get this like fake news, right, that comes from the left and they're trying to pretend like they're objective.
00:09:27.700 Right.
00:09:27.960 Just be honest about your biases.
00:09:29.620 You know, Ben Shapiro says that all the time, actually.
00:09:31.340 You know, he's like, hey, I'm honest about my biases.
00:09:33.860 I'm biased, but I'll tell you that I'm biased.
00:09:35.820 Right.
00:09:36.100 And then let's discuss the facts.
00:09:37.520 So I would rather just have Facebook be clear about their terms of service.
00:09:41.040 And when it comes to banning us, they said before it was OK for us to give away the rifle.
00:09:45.460 Now it's not OK.
00:09:46.980 Just be honest.
00:09:47.740 Tell us what's going on.
00:09:48.760 This is I think a lot of people don't understand this who haven't been in publishing on Facebook.
00:09:53.640 There are and at all of these tech companies, there are so many levels of people that exist just to make their terms of service seem unclear to the people who use their platform.
00:10:03.920 So you call them and they say, oh, no, well, we'll run it up the flagpole.
00:10:07.960 And their whole point is not to not to make it clear.
00:10:12.040 Now, you brought up blockchain and this is you have an accomplishment in this regard.
00:10:18.280 You have received the national record for the largest Bitcoin donation in American campaign history.
00:10:24.120 The downside of this is that was back when Bitcoin was trading at around $16,000 per coin.
00:10:29.300 And the cryptocurrency is now in a slump of about 44 percent.
00:10:32.980 So two questions.
00:10:34.040 One, would you prefer if people donate cash from now on?
00:10:37.140 And two, on the larger point, on the political point, libertarians in particular have embraced cryptocurrencies.
00:10:43.600 Do you think these sorts of technologies are a fad like the tulip bubble or does Bitcoin have a future?
00:10:49.120 And how do you get your 44 percent back?
00:10:51.960 Well, you know, actually, the tulip bubble was kind of an overblown story.
00:10:55.000 A lot of people use that, but it wasn't quite as bad a bubble as many people said.
00:10:58.660 So you should definitely check that out.
00:11:00.080 The Economist kind of debunked that recently.
00:11:01.960 But when it comes to crypto, donate it.
00:11:03.900 Yeah, we actually get more value out of Bitcoins than we do of Federal Reserve notes because all of the publicity that Bitcoin gets, whether it's up or down, really does bolster us.
00:11:12.400 And it gives me the chance to talk about federal monetary policy, which I don't get to talk about.
00:11:18.320 You know, I usually got to stick to God's gun, God guns and weed.
00:11:20.880 Right.
00:11:21.120 When you're talking about big issues of the day.
00:11:23.740 But at least two of those are important.
00:11:26.240 Yeah.
00:11:26.480 Yeah.
00:11:26.640 Well, you know, I mean, listen, medical marijuana being on the ballot here in Missouri, this is going to be an issue, right?
00:11:31.940 I didn't tell you which, too, Austin.
00:11:34.300 I didn't.
00:11:34.660 No, I'm sorry.
00:11:35.360 Go ahead.
00:11:35.940 Good point.
00:11:36.600 Good point.
00:11:37.340 Well, I was going to say a 90-year-old woman the other day asked if I was for it.
00:11:40.100 I was like, yes.
00:11:40.640 And she's like, high five.
00:11:42.020 Okay.
00:11:42.340 It's a true story.
00:11:44.860 But, no, it gives me an excuse to talk about monetary policy.
00:11:49.120 And I don't know if Bitcoin is going to be the crypto of the future.
00:11:51.980 We don't know.
00:11:52.520 But what I think is just really exciting is that a lot of the sort of libertarian and conservative economists, Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek, they kind of predicted this, in a sense, before the digital revolution happened, where they would talk about, like, baskets of currencies.
00:12:06.320 So, in a way, what we're doing is we're experimenting to determine what is the best form of money.
00:12:12.660 And Hayek actually wrote back in the day that we don't know what good money is because government controls the tap, the supply, the amount of money into the money supply with the interest rates.
00:12:23.180 But Bitcoin doesn't have a central bank.
00:12:25.060 They can't tell us what it's worth.
00:12:26.240 So, it's fluctuating.
00:12:27.140 Yeah, it goes up and down.
00:12:28.440 But that's going to happen.
00:12:29.480 You've got to let the market determine.
00:12:30.780 There's other competitors stepping in.
00:12:32.620 Who knows what will be the currency of the future?
00:12:34.200 I just want to let them determine what it is on the free market.
00:12:37.860 That's a beautiful thing.
00:12:39.300 And it's a great way for me to talk about it.
00:12:40.540 And we raise quite a bit of money.
00:12:42.000 That is an interesting point because, you know, I'll joke that the currency could be down 50% on a day.
00:12:47.180 But there are these ancillary benefits of you get a bit of publicity for it because you're clearly leaning into this technology.
00:12:53.620 And whenever conservatives can talk about monetary policy, that is a wonderful thing.
00:12:58.760 And it isn't that sexy.
00:13:00.220 I'll totally admit it isn't.
00:13:01.460 But, you know, if it's in the news constantly, I know our pal Ty Lopez has a Bitcoin podcast that always does very well.
00:13:10.180 If you can tie it into something that's very newsy, that's probably a good way to talk about it.
00:13:14.960 For sure, yeah.
00:13:16.360 Go ahead.
00:13:16.820 Well, I want to, on the political side of things, this libertarian-Republican tension does create some problem.
00:13:25.860 You've got some powerful endorsements behind you in your campaign.
00:13:28.720 Bob Barr, Joe Walsh, from what I can tell, a lot of others.
00:13:32.580 But the big magilla in the room, President Covfefe, the Donald, as well as Vice President Pence and Leader McConnell, have endorsed your opponent, Josh Hawley.
00:13:42.680 Why is that, do you think?
00:13:45.180 And do you think you can sway their support?
00:13:47.640 Do you think their support will matter in the race?
00:13:49.280 I think that it probably, of course, it helps in the primary, but it may hurt in the general, right?
00:13:56.600 Imagine that, you know, Claire McCaskill and the left, they can easily tie whatever the president does to whoever the candidate is, right?
00:14:04.120 But sort of being sort of independent, such as I am, and just calling shots like Ben Shapiro does, I think actually makes my case a little bit stronger because I'm trying to be a statesman, not just some pander bearer to the establishment interests.
00:14:14.280 And just remember, I mean, Mitch McConnell and Karl Rove were the people who bragged that they pushed Josh Hawley into the race, right?
00:14:21.040 So I think that the thing with the president, the president isn't paying attention to the primary in Missouri, right?
00:14:25.780 He's got Mike Pence and he's got those people like McConnell saying, hey, do us a favor, Mr. President, just back this kid.
00:14:31.140 And, you know, he doesn't know.
00:14:32.460 He doesn't know who's running.
00:14:33.920 And, of course, I did try and run in 2016 as a libertarian, so maybe there's a little bit of angst on some people.
00:14:39.980 But, you know, conservatives and libertarians have a lot in common.
00:14:42.860 This is something, you know, I think you want to talk about perhaps the future of the conservative movement, the GOP, where it's at and where it's going.
00:14:49.700 So I would just say that, you know, having a conservative libertarian alliance going forward is a good way to sort of springboard from where we're at, which is just sort of bland populism without principle in some ways.
00:15:02.480 And if we want to go forward with a real intellectual revolution and sort of complete the promise of the Tea Party days, then a conservative libertarian alliance is the way to go.
00:15:10.540 Do you think as a political matter that your affiliation with the libertarian party is going to hurt you with Republicans?
00:15:17.080 Or do you think it might actually help you with people who don't necessarily care much for the Republican Party?
00:15:23.960 Well, Missouri actually has a pretty strong liberty Republican base.
00:15:27.640 Ron Paul did pretty well in the caucuses out here.
00:15:29.760 So there's a there's a strong constitutionalist streak and conservatives tend they're not like conservatives from Alabama.
00:15:35.260 They're not like, you know, conservatives from Massachusetts.
00:15:37.480 Right. Like the Midwest Republican conservatives are really sort of true constitutional conservatives in many ways.
00:15:42.820 So they're very attracted to my candidacy.
00:15:45.160 A lot of them.
00:15:46.040 I'll tell you a brief little anecdote.
00:15:47.560 The other day I was at a meeting, a Republican meeting.
00:15:50.560 This guy came up and said, are you more libertarian or are you more Republican?
00:15:53.760 And I go, well, call me a conservatarian.
00:15:56.540 Right. You know, I'm a set of pro-life.
00:15:58.220 I'm pro pro-constitution.
00:15:59.880 Right. And he didn't like it.
00:16:01.060 He's like, Ron Paul caused a lot of trouble here in Missouri.
00:16:03.300 And I'm like, you know, maybe they deserved it.
00:16:05.760 I wanted to say I didn't.
00:16:07.340 I didn't. Of course, I just was diplomatic.
00:16:09.140 But then a guy who was standing right behind him, who was leaning in, said conservatarian.
00:16:13.400 He's like, that's what I think.
00:16:15.020 That's what I believe.
00:16:15.900 He's like, I wasn't even going to come here tonight.
00:16:18.280 He's like, you got me and my whole family's votes.
00:16:20.260 We're going to go out and put out signs for you.
00:16:22.220 So there's a lot of people.
00:16:23.400 Some people are curmudgeonly.
00:16:24.800 Some people don't like freedom too much.
00:16:26.540 It's a scary thing.
00:16:27.700 Freedom is dangerous as hell.
00:16:29.260 Frankly, I prefer it to the alternative.
00:16:30.860 But young people, you know, people who are paying attention, they tend to like the conservatarian approach.
00:16:36.020 It's the hip new thing.
00:16:37.080 It's popular, man.
00:16:38.020 It's cool.
00:16:38.520 We're cool guys.
00:16:39.240 We're just cool guys, you know.
00:16:40.220 Yeah, we're cool.
00:16:40.780 We're cool.
00:16:42.360 Us and that 90-year-old woman.
00:16:43.780 Now, I do want to talk about one thing that we have in common, which is totally separate from the monetary policy and the political issues on the ground.
00:16:54.300 I've been in a number of little indie movies that nobody has ever seen and in plays and things like that.
00:17:00.380 The Republican Party has run a lot of actors for office.
00:17:03.080 Arnold Schwarzenegger, Fred Thompson, Alan Autry, Fred Grandy, George Murphy, Jack Kelly, Clint Eastwood, Sonny Bono, and Ronald Reagan, just to name a few.
00:17:10.980 You graduated from Missouri State with a degree in musical theater.
00:17:14.180 You've appeared in sketches on Late Night with Conan O'Brien.
00:17:17.640 You've executive produced a feature film.
00:17:20.580 Why is there so much overlap between politics and show business?
00:17:25.760 Well, you know, politics is just show business for ugly people.
00:17:29.640 I wasn't going to say it.
00:17:30.940 I wasn't going to say it.
00:17:31.820 Right, right, right.
00:17:32.480 I just couldn't hack it as an actor because I didn't have the face for it, right?
00:17:35.740 I've got the face for radio.
00:17:37.140 No, I think that, you know what it is, is that the reason why I was actually, I think, so successful in politics transitioning from a show business career is because most people in Washington, D.C.
00:17:45.880 and in politics have backgrounds, they're all lawyers or they're all poli-sci degrees, right?
00:17:50.840 But if you actually have somebody who understands conservative principles and can communicate them and who can produce videos and journalism and who can be, you know, as a television producer for Judge Napolitano at Fox News, right?
00:18:01.840 That actually kind of gives you a little bit of an advantage because most of the people in D.C. are doing something else, right?
00:18:07.640 So there's a little bit of a value add having a background, a creative background.
00:18:11.680 Plus, people are so sick and tired of these sanctimonious Hollywood actors telling, you know, blowing people up by, you know, blood by the gallon and then telling us we can't have guns, right, while making money on the backs of it, right?
00:18:24.200 So, I mean, there's a lot of people like Chuck Woolery, there's a lot of good Republican actors, Clint Eastwood, you know, Penn and Teller, right?
00:18:31.760 Some of the biggest libertarian, some of the biggest celebrities in the world, right?
00:18:34.700 Both libertarians.
00:18:35.980 So I think it's actually kind of attractive to have somebody who can communicate the message and who's not a filthy, stinking comic, you know?
00:18:41.160 Right, right.
00:18:41.740 That is so true.
00:18:42.340 And there's so many, you look at all the lawyers and you think, oh, all right, there's another lawyer running for state assembly or whatever.
00:18:47.540 But I've always also felt, obviously, there's a performative aspect to politics and you've got to look good on camera and you've got to sound good and everything.
00:18:55.200 But there is also, fundamentally, in the craft of acting and in the craft of statesmanship or politics, it seems to be focused on the human condition, on the eternal questions that people have thought about through all of history.
00:19:08.520 And you also have to like people.
00:19:10.700 You have to enjoy people if you want to create characters and if you want to talk to voters and represent them in Washington.
00:19:16.080 There seems to me, even beyond all the glib, you know, we have to look good and everything, there seems to me a significant, a profound relation between those two things.
00:19:25.600 And, but this leads to another question.
00:19:27.580 Yeah, well, can I just, yeah, let me just say one thing on that.
00:19:31.060 I'll let you get your question.
00:19:32.120 Well, just remember the ancient philosophers and statesmen were also playwrights, right?
00:19:36.580 And even some of the later ones, you know, 17th or 18th century writer, what, not Tartuffe, the guy who wrote Tartuffe and Candide, Voltaire, right?
00:19:46.700 He was a leading political philosopher, but he was also a playwright and he wrote award-winning plays.
00:19:51.920 So it didn't used to sort of be some sort of church and state sort of separation between entertainment and politics, right?
00:19:57.700 Many of the greatest intellectual thinkers of the time would also delve into playwriting and to, you know, propagandizing their ideas, right, once film became a medium.
00:20:06.140 So it's definitely not so separate as many people would think.
00:20:09.220 That is an excellent point.
00:20:10.620 And it goes all the way back to Sophocles.
00:20:12.380 And I mean, this is a trend throughout time.
00:20:16.240 Why does show business always break left?
00:20:18.820 It seems like some of the most successful show business people to go into politics are conservative.
00:20:24.560 And yet the vast majority of people in show business, also going back to just after Sophocles, are all left-wing.
00:20:30.660 Why is that?
00:20:31.460 Great question.
00:20:32.860 And I mean, I know why, because I spent so much time in the theater department, right?
00:20:35.880 All my social, all my friends from college, from the musical theater department now hate me, right?
00:20:39.640 They're all lefties.
00:20:40.800 But I think it's because it's empathy first, right?
00:20:44.020 In order to be like a good actor or to emote, right, you go to a part of your brain that sort of avoids things like rational calculations, right?
00:20:51.880 Rather than using the kind of cold, hard logic that's necessary in order to make determinations on fiscal policy, right, you're going to go towards what feels good.
00:21:00.200 So I think that that's really what it is, is you're leading with your heart.
00:21:03.020 And there's that old Winston Churchill quote, right?
00:21:04.840 If you're young and you're not a socialist or a liberal, then you've got no heart.
00:21:08.860 If you're old and you're not a conservative, then you have no brain.
00:21:11.440 And I say if you're not a libertarian, by the time you're 90, you've got no heart and no brain.
00:21:15.140 But you do have pot.
00:21:17.540 But you have why.
00:21:18.380 But there you go.
00:21:18.900 There you go.
00:21:19.600 So I would just say that that's why, right?
00:21:21.280 It's a strong empathy thing.
00:21:22.460 And we stand, we could learn a lot, right, from the left in that sense.
00:21:25.920 It's many times libertarians and some conservatives, we come off as cold and heartless and calculating when we really do need to empathize.
00:21:32.500 I believe in the Second Amendment and I totally feel for what happened to those kids down in Florida.
00:21:36.960 But there's no tragedy, no matter how great, that justifies taking away rights from innocent people, right?
00:21:42.760 And that's, I think, the best way to package this message.
00:21:44.880 And, of course, you could also say mass shootings have declined a lot, school shootings have declined a lot, gun homicides are way down in this last several decades.
00:21:51.580 And it all seems to bounce right off because you have Hollywood celebrities, you have Jimmy Kimmel crying on television and he says, you don't care, you don't care.
00:21:58.620 It's a tough conundrum.
00:22:00.780 And some of the best conservative leaders that we've ever had, like Ronald Reagan, were able to match both of those things together, the reason and the empathy and the communication.
00:22:11.620 Austin, thank you for being here.
00:22:12.900 Where can people find you?
00:22:14.860 Yeah, AP for Liberty on Twitter.
00:22:16.540 If you send me a message on Facebook, I won't get it because I'm banned for 25 more days.
00:22:20.360 But it's AP for Liberty.
00:22:23.360 And, of course, if you want to win the gun, you can just go to AustinPeterson.com slash AR15 underscore raffle.
00:22:29.880 Please register there.
00:22:30.960 I really appreciate the time, guys.
00:22:32.460 And the revolution continues.
00:22:34.280 I've just got to write that down, obviously.
00:22:36.440 I won't find you on Facebook, but I do want the gun.
00:22:38.420 That is one of the best political fundraisers I've ever heard of.
00:22:41.220 Austin, thank you for being here.
00:22:42.680 We've got to move on to news.
00:22:43.700 Thanks, Michael.
00:22:44.760 Got it.
00:22:46.020 All right, let's get in some news first.
00:22:47.520 I want to get into a little bit of news, then I'll probably have to sign off in a little bit.
00:22:50.520 But first, before we sign off, I want to talk about steel tariffs, gun confiscation.
00:22:56.640 The world is coming to an end.
00:22:58.600 Donald Trump is going to take away everything.
00:23:00.520 This is it.
00:23:01.020 This is the pivot to the left.
00:23:02.500 It's all over.
00:23:03.640 This is my working strategy with regard to Donald Trump.
00:23:06.860 Whenever Trump says anything or does anything, I get a thousand text messages from my never-Trump conservative friends and from my lefty friends.
00:23:13.800 They say, see, now are you going to disavow him?
00:23:15.360 You have to disavow, come on, do it, do it, do it.
00:23:17.840 My strategy with regard to Donald Trump, keep calm and covfefe.
00:23:23.680 Keep calm and covfefe.
00:23:25.220 That is it.
00:23:25.820 He told us a week or two ago that he was going to confiscate our guns and then we'll have due process later because we don't have time.
00:23:35.040 About 12 hours later, he sent out a tweet and he said, respect the Second Amendment.
00:23:39.120 Now we have a gun bill that he's pushing that does not even raise the age to buy these guns.
00:23:44.140 It is simply about arming people who are in schools, allowing people who are in schools to carry guns to present these awful shootings that we've seen.
00:23:53.520 Works for me.
00:23:54.420 If I had freaked out the minute he said he was going to steal all my guns, if I had started ripping my hair out, if I did that every time he sent out a tweet, I would have a very miserable life.
00:24:02.840 But because I wait a little bit, because I keep calm and covfefe, it's very nice.
00:24:07.740 Everything in politics is going just dandy.
00:24:10.160 Much more conservative than we've seen in decades.
00:24:12.620 That is fine.
00:24:13.700 We're seeing this with the tariffs.
00:24:15.120 We were told on these steel and aluminum tariffs that Trump has been threatening for a while and that now it appears that he's instituting that this was going to cause crazy trade wars.
00:24:23.760 The global economy is going to plunge.
00:24:26.660 Our allies, our trading partners are going to turn on us.
00:24:29.980 He's already rolling back the tariffs.
00:24:31.880 And good Trump observers knew this from the beginning.
00:24:35.040 They predicted this.
00:24:35.880 They said, yeah, this isn't going to happen the way that we're seeing it happen.
00:24:40.400 So what does it look like?
00:24:42.220 We were told that the U.S. auto industry was going to crash because of these tariffs.
00:24:45.580 Analysts on Wall Street are already predicting.
00:24:47.480 They're already seeing that this won't really hurt the U.S. auto industry.
00:24:51.760 The market's a little bit confused on it still.
00:24:54.640 We're not going to have a market apocalypse because of this.
00:24:57.700 And Donald Trump is going to exempt Canada and Mexico.
00:25:01.260 Okay, so where else do we get steel from?
00:25:04.000 He's going to exempt our major trading partners, Canada and Mexico.
00:25:06.560 He said that other allies can negotiate for an exemption on the tariffs.
00:25:10.560 And he's really referring to the European Union here.
00:25:12.720 So from what we know about Trump, from what we know about the art of the deal, as the book is called, what do we think that means?
00:25:20.160 It means you need to start paying up for NATO.
00:25:22.900 It means you need to start changing some of your trade restrictions.
00:25:26.820 It's not like the European Union has totally free trade.
00:25:29.000 They have plenty of trade restrictions as it currently stands.
00:25:31.540 Maybe he's trying to do what he's been saying for a decade, which is he wants to renegotiate trade deals.
00:25:36.140 It seems much more like a Trumpian threat and Trumpian leverage than something else.
00:25:39.880 But what about that other steel partner, China?
00:25:43.460 This entire move is clearly aimed at China, which illegally subsidizes its steel industry.
00:25:49.460 That is not free trade.
00:25:51.320 The Obama administration actually filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization because China is subsidizing its steel industries.
00:25:57.960 But nobody cared because Barack Obama was weak and they knew that he wouldn't take any retaliatory action and he had no credible threat of violence or trade violence.
00:26:06.740 This is the same thing that we've been seeing from Trump all along.
00:26:10.180 And if these tariffs are only poised to target China, that might not be the worst thing in the world.
00:26:16.860 If they're really just being used as leverage to renegotiate deals with China and try to get China to stop breaking the law and to stop violating the terms of the World Trade Organization, that's a very good thing.
00:26:27.260 Candidates of both parties have been talking about this for a long time.
00:26:30.320 This is the first one, first president we've seen in a while who's actually doing it.
00:26:33.880 Okay, I got to say goodbye to Facebook and YouTube.
00:26:36.700 And I get, you know, it's funny because I keep getting killed on YouTube from the YouTube side of it, but the numbers keep going up.
00:26:42.440 So whatever you're doing, keep slipping through.
00:26:44.360 I don't know if you're paying off people at the YouTube headquarters or something, but we appreciate it.
00:26:48.640 Our next episode of The Conversation is coming up on Tuesday, March 13th at 5.30 p.m. Eastern, 2.30 Pacific, featuring the one and only, the big boss himself, Ben Shapiro.
00:26:58.520 Subscribe today to be a part of this hour-long live Q&A.
00:27:02.300 You can ask Ben questions, which he will answer for everyone to hear.
00:27:06.260 Ben's episode of The Conversation will stream live on the Ben Shapiro Facebook page and the Daily Wire YouTube channel for about three seconds before they shut us down.
00:27:13.160 And it will be free for everyone to watch, but only subscribers can ask the questions.
00:27:17.700 Many will be called, but very few will be chosen.
00:27:20.400 So make sure you go and subscribe.
00:27:21.900 To ask questions as a subscriber, log in to our website, dailywire.com.
00:27:25.900 Head over to The Conversation page to watch the live stream.
00:27:29.180 After that, just start typing into the Daily Wire chat box where Ben will answer questions in the order they are posted once again, lest you forget, lest you be caught unawares when this conversation happens.
00:27:39.860 Subscribe to get your questions answered by Ben Shapiro, Tuesday, March 13th.
00:27:44.300 That is tomorrow, 5.30 p.m. Eastern, 2.30 Pacific, and join The Conversation.
00:27:49.200 All right, but forget about all that stuff.
00:27:50.780 What you really need, look, you subscribe to the Daily Wire, you get me, you get the Ben Shapiro show, you get the Andrew Klavan show, you get, you know, take the conversation, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah.
00:28:01.120 You get the Leftist Tears Tumblr.
00:28:02.640 And let me tell you, if Austin Peterson sends you an AR-15 from this Facebook raffle, you are going to need this because all those tears are going to be pouring out of Menlo Park.
00:28:12.280 Cheryl, whatever her name is, at, Cheryl Sandberg at Facebook is going to be weeping Lefty Tears, and you're going to want to collect them.
00:28:19.800 This is the only FDA-approved vessel for Leftist Tears.
00:28:22.700 Go to dailywire.com.
00:28:23.680 We'll be right back.
00:28:24.280 We'll be right back.
00:28:54.280 of terrorism, which I actually think, for the U.K.'s part, is evidence of transphobia.
00:28:58.920 I think that's a clear, no one's talking about that, but it's, U.K. has become very transphobic in recent days.
00:29:04.380 Let's do a little recap.
00:29:05.920 Lauren Southern, YouTube star, just talks about how feminists are kind of crazy.
00:29:10.440 She is banned.
00:29:11.540 She is detained and banned from the U.K.
00:29:13.220 Who has the U.K. allowed into their kingdom in recent years?
00:29:16.680 Let's go back a few decades.
00:29:17.840 The six Iranian Arab gunmen who seized the Iranian embassy in London in 1980 took six hostages and murdered two of them.
00:29:26.080 They were allowed in.
00:29:27.300 Abu Nidal, who killed the Israeli ambassador in London in 1982, he was allowed in.
00:29:32.120 Mustafa Mahmoud Mazay, who blew himself up with two floors of a London hotel while trying to murder British author and former Muslim Salman Rushdie for insulting Islam.
00:29:42.300 Four Muslim terrorists who murdered 52 people and injured 700 by targeting public transit during rush hour in 2005.
00:29:49.740 Those guys got in.
00:29:51.460 Bilal Abdullah and Kafil Ahmed, who rammed a jeep filled with gas canisters through the Glasgow airport doors in 2007.
00:29:58.880 They also were allowed in.
00:30:00.400 Also to the airport, I guess, because they rammed their way in.
00:30:02.680 Two Muslim extremists who murdered and decapitated the British soldier Lee Rigby in 2013.
00:30:07.000 Muhaideen Meyer, who attacked three tube travelers with a knife while shouting, this is for Syria in 2015.
00:30:15.100 Salman Abedi, who was radicalized in Syria before returning to the U.K. and murdering 22 people and injuring 250 at an Ariana Grande concert in Manchester last year.
00:30:24.740 The three Muslim terrorists who rammed 48 people in a white van across London Bridge, after which they leapt out and started stabbing people also last year.
00:30:33.200 Remember, they were allowed in, and Ahmed Hassan, an 18-year-old Iraqi who blew up the tube stop at Parsons Green, injuring 30 people also last year.
00:30:42.160 They were all allowed into the country, and Lauren Southern was not.
00:30:45.620 Also allowed into the country for decades are those Middle Eastern immigrants who groomed upwards of 1,000 children in Britain's worst ever sex abuse scandal,
00:30:53.840 which was just being reported on today, where sex gangs targeted girls as young as 11.
00:30:59.320 What the British do here is they call them Asian men, but what that means is Middle Eastern men, Muslim immigrants into the United Kingdom,
00:31:07.020 but they call them Asian for fear of racism.
00:31:09.120 The British authorities reportedly and intentionally have failed to record details of the Middle Eastern abusers of these many, many very young girls for fear of racism.
00:31:20.620 And it cuts both ways.
00:31:21.660 It's, I think, on the authorities' part, fear of being called a racist and losing your job and your status and being probably deported at this point in the U.K.,
00:31:29.240 but also it's the fear that if they say the identity of these people, if they talk about the identity of these abusers,
00:31:36.720 then other Muslim people will be unfairly targeted.
00:31:40.100 Mind you, this does not happen in large scales ever after any of these attacks.
00:31:44.260 The number of attacks that happened in the United States on Muslims after September 11th is not shocking for how many there were.
00:31:51.100 There were some.
00:31:52.060 It's shocking for how few there were.
00:31:53.400 There were so few you would expect a big backlash.
00:31:55.820 The big backlash has never come.
00:31:57.800 The left always warns us of this awful Islamophobic, is the term they use, backlash.
00:32:02.840 It has never happened in the West.
00:32:05.060 This is similar to German girls who were raped by Muslim immigrants and refugees in Germany,
00:32:10.240 and they lied to the police and they said they were raped by German men because they didn't want to seem racist.
00:32:14.880 They didn't want to give away the identity of the people who had committed crimes even against them.
00:32:20.540 The U.K. authorities were so scared on this point of being called racist and of seeming racist,
00:32:26.100 they failed to investigate one case here five separate times until a member of parliament intervened.
00:32:32.720 This has been going on since the 1980s.
00:32:35.000 One 18-year-old Middle Eastern immigrant at that time, in 1985, I think,
00:32:39.760 abducted a 14-year-old, forced her to have sex with hundreds of men,
00:32:42.760 threatened to abduct her sisters and kill her parents if she ever spoke up.
00:32:47.240 This is not an isolated case, but it's been going on for a long time.
00:32:50.240 Girls were forced to take the abortion pill multiple times per week,
00:32:54.080 multiple forced abortions on all of these girls,
00:32:56.620 and those rings were covered up for 40 years.
00:32:59.800 They're just coming to light now.
00:33:01.160 But Lauren Southern, but Lauren Southern,
00:33:05.000 cute little 20-something who makes YouTube videos about how crazy feminists are,
00:33:09.380 she cannot be allowed into the country.
00:33:12.020 Gang rapists and terrorists, they can probably make it in.
00:33:16.540 Little YouTube star,
00:33:19.060 criminals, criminals, criminals for 40 years.
00:33:23.720 Lauren was detained in the French port town of Calais Sunday night by U.K. authorities
00:33:29.460 under the Schedule 7 Anti-Terrorism Act for reasonable suspicion of terrorism.
00:33:35.020 And I knew it.
00:33:35.500 The minute I looked at that girl, I knew you look like a terrorist, Lauren.
00:33:37.900 You look, you look, you don't look like a dude, but you look like a terrorist.
00:33:41.220 They took away her cell phone.
00:33:42.740 They accused her of distribution of racist material.
00:33:46.680 British immigration authorities banned her from entering the country.
00:33:50.420 I wonder if that's because she's making a movie about South Africa.
00:33:53.400 She's made this movie talk to her last week.
00:33:55.080 She's making this movie about some of the farm murders in South Africa
00:33:58.400 that the South African parliament voted to take away the land from white people
00:34:02.660 and redistribute it to black people in the country.
00:34:05.360 And she's made a movie about some of the murders that have been going on over the past few years.
00:34:09.220 I wonder if that had anything to do with it.
00:34:11.060 Because I can't point to episodes of Lauren Southern ramming cars into people
00:34:16.420 or calling for the death of novelists like Salman Rushdie
00:34:21.020 or calling for the death of entire countries and peoples, I don't hear any of that.
00:34:25.700 I just see her making a movie about what's happening in South Africa.
00:34:28.700 Maybe the UK should get its priorities in order.
00:34:32.340 This brings us all the way full circle to this day in history.
00:34:40.320 On this day in history, this is all the way back from the beginning of the media
00:34:44.140 trying to shut down different voices and what's appropriate for the president,
00:34:48.960 what's not appropriate for the president.
00:34:50.080 On this day in history, in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
00:34:54.140 gave his first fireside chat broadcast directly from the White House.
00:34:58.060 Here's a clip.
00:35:01.460 Ladies and gentlemen, the president of the United States.
00:35:08.320 My friends, I want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the United States about banking.
00:35:15.760 To talk with the comparatively few who understand the mechanics of banking,
00:35:20.080 but more particularly with the overwhelming majority of you
00:35:24.140 who use banks for the making of deposits and the drawing of checks.
00:35:27.940 I want to tell you what has been done in the last few days and why it was done
00:35:34.240 and what the next steps are going to be.
00:35:37.400 I recognize that the many proclamations from state capitals and from Washington,
00:35:42.720 the legislation, the treasury regulations and so forth,
00:35:45.960 couched for the most part in banking and legal terms,
00:35:50.020 ought to be explained for the benefit of the average citizen.
00:35:54.480 I owe this in particular because of the fortitude and the good temper
00:35:58.900 with which everybody has accepted the inconvenience and the hardships of the banking holiday.
00:36:05.900 That's a little dry.
00:36:07.620 I could use a couple sad exclamation points or something like that.
00:36:11.280 The 1930s were a little more staid time.
00:36:13.840 At that time, though, when FDR started giving these addresses,
00:36:16.900 25 to 33 percent of the U.S. workforce was unemployed.
00:36:21.280 FDR gave many, many dozens more broadcasts throughout his presidency.
00:36:26.140 He reached upwards of 90 percent of American households.
00:36:28.900 He used these chats to push his New Deal policies, to push it past the media,
00:36:34.420 which generally liked him, but to even go straight to the American people.
00:36:38.180 He tried to push vast government expansion, court packing, adding his own judges to the courts
00:36:43.960 so that they would stop striking down his anti-constitutional laws,
00:36:48.660 pushing his own candidates in primaries.
00:36:51.140 All the while, he did say, he said,
00:36:53.000 I'm not asking the voters to vote for Democrats, but it'd be cool if you did.
00:36:58.120 But, you know, like he doesn't, I mean, it's so transparent what he's doing,
00:37:01.980 and he's pushing that in during the party primaries.
00:37:04.720 Radio was the Twitter of the 1930s and the 1940s, and FDR used it.
00:37:09.740 Was it below the stature of the president to go on radio?
00:37:13.220 Maybe. I don't know. Maybe it was. Maybe it wasn't.
00:37:15.020 I'm sure people said that at the time.
00:37:16.540 Was it a threat to a free press to have this propaganda coming straight out of the White House?
00:37:22.380 I don't know. The press was flacking for him anyway.
00:37:25.460 The most important question is, was it effective?
00:37:27.320 Well, FDR did serve four terms.
00:37:30.080 He served until his death.
00:37:31.400 Probably could have served four more terms if he hadn't died in office.
00:37:35.100 He probably would have stayed and been the American king that he envisioned himself to be.
00:37:39.520 Democrats always used new technologies, and then they tell us not to do it.
00:37:44.020 So in 2008, Barack Obama was the digital candidate, you remember.
00:37:47.180 He's running the digital campaign.
00:37:48.940 Now we're being told, after Donald Trump took that away from Democrats,
00:37:52.780 that Trump manipulated social media to win.
00:37:55.000 Obama's the digital candidate.
00:37:56.800 Trump manipulated social media.
00:37:58.860 Barack Obama and FDR both used the bully pulpit to comment on cultural issues
00:38:03.940 and to push the culture in America to the left.
00:38:06.280 But then we're told that Republican presidents should never comment on cultural issues,
00:38:10.560 like, say, the NFL players disrespecting their own flag.
00:38:13.740 That, oh, that you can't do.
00:38:14.860 Only Democrats get to comment on the culture.
00:38:16.960 The left constantly tells us to unilaterally disarm.
00:38:20.380 And some people on the right take the bait, unbelievably.
00:38:23.060 They say, oh, yeah, no, you're right.
00:38:23.940 We shouldn't.
00:38:24.580 That's a good idea.
00:38:25.860 Absolutely not.
00:38:26.780 Absolutely not.
00:38:27.580 We should use the same tools, the same technological and the same cultural tools
00:38:31.540 that these guys use.
00:38:33.060 We should use those tools to push our values, to push our vision of the world,
00:38:37.620 to push the moral framework that informs the world that we live in.
00:38:40.780 But we should use the same tools.
00:38:41.920 We shouldn't unilaterally disarm.
00:38:44.600 That would be crazy to do.
00:38:45.980 There's plenty of precedent for this.
00:38:47.380 And, by the way, some of the propaganda that came out of FDR's fireside chats,
00:38:51.820 some of the anti-constitutional propaganda that came out of those chats,
00:38:54.860 makes Donald Trump look like a schoolboy, makes those tweets look tame.
00:38:59.080 So, as was the case when we're talking about the tariffs and the gun confiscation,
00:39:03.020 this and that and this and that,
00:39:04.360 maybe let's keep calm and covfefe and keep an eye on these social media platforms
00:39:08.440 where they created the new media and then the new media went right wing
00:39:12.760 and now they're trying to kill the new media.
00:39:14.440 Don't let them do it.
00:39:15.280 Keep sneaking out.
00:39:16.020 Keep getting those words out.
00:39:16.940 Keep applying pressure.
00:39:18.840 And I'll have to disagree with my guest on the show today.
00:39:24.120 I think we should regulate these guys like publishers.
00:39:26.340 They're the biggest publishers in the history of the world.
00:39:28.100 We should regulate them like that and hold their feet to the fire.
00:39:31.360 We should not allow this opportunity to get away from us.
00:39:34.360 Okay, that's our show.
00:39:35.400 We'll be back tomorrow.
00:39:36.260 We've got some excellent topics and guests this week.
00:39:38.920 So, tune in.
00:39:39.460 I won't spoil the surprise.
00:39:40.880 I'm Michael Knowles and this is The Michael Knowles Show.
00:39:42.600 I'll see you then.
00:39:43.180 The Michael Knowles Show is a Daily Wire Forward Publishing production.
00:39:52.100 Executive producer, Jeremy Boring.
00:39:54.320 Senior producer, Jonathan Hay.
00:39:56.280 Supervising producer, Mathis Glover.
00:39:58.380 Our technical producer is Austin Stevens.
00:40:00.700 Edited by Alex Zingaro.
00:40:02.440 Audio is mixed by Mike Coromina.
00:40:04.460 Hair and makeup is by Jesua Olvera.
00:40:06.880 Copyright Forward Publishing 2018.
00:40:08.600 Part of the