00:00:00.000Hello, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome back to Chronicles, where today we're going to be
00:00:18.000talking all about The Inimitable Jeeves by P.G. Woodhouse. So the story behind this one is I've
00:00:26.200just had a nice week off and I've been over, you know, blazing summer sun and everything
00:00:31.840over in Margate in Kent by the seaside. And I thought to myself, well, what reading material
00:00:37.840do I have that would be a good bit of work to do, of course, you know, ready for presenting
00:00:43.340this Chronicles, but also something that is just very whimsical, very charming, very English,
00:00:49.220you know, and the sort of thing that might be quite fun reading whilst you are on the beach
00:00:53.600or just taking in the sun, and P.G. Woodhouse seemed like the ideal options from amongst the
00:00:59.260things that I'd had on my shelf. And the other thing as well is just to admit, this is actually
00:01:03.440the first time I've ever read P.G. Woodhouse before. Of course, I'm very, very well acquainted
00:01:09.020with how famous the Jeeves and Worcester characters are, no doubt, of course, in large part because of
00:01:16.380the very successful series that Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie did in the 1990s, which, again,
00:01:23.320I've only just started to actually see now. But it's all very charming. It's incredibly quaint.
00:01:29.720It's very, very inoffensive. And really what you find in here is a great swan song
00:01:36.120to a dying era, that Edwardian interwar era of the high ideals of British manners, of etiquette,
00:01:44.920of fashion, of some feeling of actual confidence in British society at the time, even as Bertie,
00:01:54.260Bertram Worcester, goes about and is just totally oblivious to all of the sort of social disturbances
00:02:02.200that are going on around him as he sort of wanders through it all with blissful ignorance,
00:02:07.260very self-absorbed in his own what seem to be quite trivial problems by comparison.
00:02:12.760But having said all of that, it's not at all malicious, though it is indeed satirical.
00:02:17.760You can tell it's been done with a lot of charm and a good degree of fondness for the former years of P.G. Woodhouse's life that he knew so well.
00:02:28.920And so let's just talk a little bit about Woodhouse, shall we, to begin with.
00:02:32.440So Pelham Grenville Woodhouse was born in 1881 in Guildford, as his mother was just visiting a sister there at the time.
00:02:44.720And he was born slightly premature. And so he comes along as the third son of the family.
00:02:52.040Although it has to be said, his life was, I mean, in many ways, it was quite typical for the time.
00:02:58.200And this is something that we touched on when we talked about Kipling, when I covered Kim.
00:03:02.760But Woodhouse was very much a product of empire. His father, Henry Ernest Woodhouse,
00:03:09.080besides coming from a cadet branch of the Earls of Kimberley, which was a peerage that was created
00:03:16.120in the 1860s, his father was also a magistrate in the British colony of Hong Kong. And so,
00:03:23.400a lot like with Kipling and India, Woodhouse spent a lot of time away from his own parents.
00:03:29.160He never really got to know his own parents in any great real sense.
00:03:34.260So he was born in 81, immediately taken off to be in Hong Kong, where he spent the first
00:03:40.980two years of his life very much in the care of a Chinese nurse.
00:03:45.560And then at the age of two, along with his two elder brothers, he was sent back to England.
00:03:50.920So that in that same way as Kipling, even though you're in an administrative position
00:03:57.780for the British Empire, that you go back to England and you learn and discover something of
00:04:03.260the motherland and why it's a bee's knees and why it's worth defending and all that good stuff.
00:04:10.900And so though in Woodhouse going back to England, it wasn't quite as fraught with trauma
00:04:17.500as it was for Kipling growing up in quite an oppressive household.
00:04:22.080In this occasion, Woodhouse found himself being flopped about between all sorts of nannies and aunts and relatives.
00:04:31.940And so, though it wasn't terrible, it certainly wasn't stable in any meaningful sense.
00:04:38.840And this left Kipling with a great deal of time to allow his imagination to flourish.
00:04:44.860From his earliest years, he always dreamed of becoming a writer, and he was a huge fan
00:04:51.460of J.M. Barrie, of Kipling himself, of Dickens, of Arthur Conan Doyle, and there's certainly
00:04:59.040something in the Jeeves and Worcester formula that is a little bit Doylesque in the way
00:05:05.620that you always know that Holmes is going to solve the case at the end of the novel,
00:05:11.040In the same way that you know that Jeeves is always going to bail out Bertie out of
00:05:16.200whatever troubles he's in, the drama and the fun of it is in the how.
00:05:22.720And so even though it's, you know, the Jeeves and Worcester stories have a very set formula
00:05:32.040And that's something that even within this one book alone, which I suppose I should just
00:05:36.600say as well. The inimitable Jeebs is not the first introduction to these characters. Jeebs
00:05:42.940originally appeared in 1915 as part of a short story that was published in the Saturday Evening
00:05:48.820Post called Extricating Young Gussy, and at that point was only a very, very small part. And then
00:05:55.000over the next coming years, Jeebs found his way into becoming a fully formed character along with
00:06:02.220Bertie and there was a collection of short stories called My Man Jeeves, which I believe was around
00:06:08.5001919. But not all of those stories within that collection were actually Jeeves and Worcester
00:06:14.880stories. Some of them focused on another character called Reggie Pepper. And so I've chosen the
00:06:20.700Inimitable Jeeves because it was the first one when it was published in 93, sorry, in 1923,
00:06:26.780to be entirely dedicated to the Bertie, Worcester, and the Reginald Jeeves characters.
00:06:34.820And they are very much, you can tell, originally conceived of short stories,
00:06:39.180so Woodhouse does quite an able job of sewing them together and giving them a bit of a through line.
00:06:45.560And it all just adds to the drama and whimsy of the entire piece,
00:06:50.780just watching Bertie just go from trouble to trouble,
00:06:55.560watching Jeeves keep getting him out of them. And also as well in the comedy that comes from where
00:07:02.120the relationship sours between the two of them a little bit, and Bertie kind of having to
00:07:09.160strike out on his own with his very limited personal intelligence. It's very, very good,
00:07:15.480and I'll look forward to saying more about it. But there is more to just say about Woodhouse as
00:07:20.680well, because he did have a very, very interesting life. One thing to say is the fact that when he
00:07:26.040was 12, Woodhouse was happy enough to go to Dulwich College in London. And he basically describes
00:07:32.920his next few years, his teenage years, as just the most heavenly of his entire life. And I think it's
00:07:39.240one of the reasons why you can certainly see as he was mingling with very affluent children from
00:07:46.440affluent families and that sort of like boyhood camaraderie and the posh tricks that they'd all
00:07:52.680get up to and the sort of lingo that the upper classes would speak with. A lot of this really0.71
00:08:00.360came to the fore for him here and he got a real taste of that. And you can feel all of that very
00:08:06.280passionately expressed in the novels. The other thing as well is to say that when he was 19,
00:08:12.920unlike his elder brothers, he wasn't able to go to Oxford. He had originally been hoping to go to
00:08:19.080Oxford, but his father's pension after serving as a magistrate in Hong Kong had basically been
00:08:25.880given to him in Indian rupees, which were of course not half as valuable against the exchange
00:08:32.280of the British pound. And so they found that when it came to it, they simply didn't have the money
00:08:38.440and the means to send young Pelham to Oxford as he'd been hoping to. Having said all of that,
00:08:44.920Woodhouse approached it with a sort of flippant, oh, well, that's just what it is and just better
00:08:51.080get on with things attitude that he seemed to have embraced throughout most of his life.
00:08:56.840Even when he had, I mean, he had moments of genuine, remarkable renown and success,
00:09:03.960and at some point was a true celebrity in the interwar period of British society.
00:09:11.780And also as well in America as well, he had his first trip to America.
00:09:15.900He'd always been fascinated by America and had a very romantic ideal of it
00:09:20.460and ended up having his first trip to New York in 1904.
00:09:24.680And it turned out to be as good as he'd hoped it would be.
00:09:27.740And he had a really lovely time there.
00:09:29.600And ever since then, his trips to America became more and more frequent.
00:09:33.960In fact, in the second part of this novel, which I'll cover next week, Bertie actually does go off to New York as well, which is all very fun.
00:09:45.260And he flops about with playwrights and theatergoers.
00:09:49.820And that was a world that Woodhouse came to know very well in America.
00:09:54.000In fact, he ended up climbing so high through the careers of writers and connections that he knew
00:10:00.500that he ended up, towards the end of the 20s, even writing for Hollywood for a brief stint as well.
00:10:07.680And so he was very, very successful in his own time.
00:10:11.540But all of this, as he's becoming more unsuccessful, as more of these celebrated works and short stories
00:10:18.320on Jeeves and Worcester are coming out and many other characters besides for many other works,
00:10:23.840he was prolific. He wrote well over 80 novels or 80 works by the end of his life,
00:10:30.400basically writing about a novel a year. Well, it all kind of came to a head in the
00:10:35.920end of the 1930s when a somewhat minor event called World War II broke out and Woodhouse
00:10:43.680at the time had been living in France. A lot of the reason for this was to get away from
00:10:49.560the oppressive tax policies of Britain and America at the time. And so Woodhouse had
00:10:56.940sent himself over to Northern France, where he was living a very peaceful life with his
00:11:02.040wife at the time. And even though there had obviously been talk and indeed a declaration
00:11:08.780of war and that the Nazis were on the march, Woodhouse thought he was perfectly safe in
00:11:16.480France and that nothing would come of it because he put his trust in the Maginot Line.
00:11:24.580Not to norm MacDonald it, but I don't know if any of y'all are history buffs, but the0.75
00:11:29.280Maginot Line didn't end up doing much of a good job in the end in stopping the German
00:11:34.440invasion. And so as a consequence of this, Woodhouse found the Nazis at his door. And after
00:11:43.800they came to realise what a celebrity they'd actually happened upon, living a very quiet
00:11:49.480life in France, eventually he was taken back to Berlin and allowed to perform some radio
00:11:57.720for British and American audiences. Now, these were not of a political nature in any way. In fact,
00:12:07.120I will just read you a short excerpt from one of them where he simply says,
00:12:11.080Young men starting out in life have often asked me, how can I become an internee? Well,
00:12:18.420there are several methods. My own was to buy a villa in La Torquay on the coast of France
00:12:23.340and stay there until the Germans came along.1.00
00:12:26.480This is probably the best and simplest system.1.00
00:12:29.180You buy the villa and the Germans do the rest.1.00
00:12:32.660And a lot of the substance of these radio broadcasts0.99
00:12:37.560were very much in that very Woodhouse-ian sort of glibness and joviality.