In this episode of Chronicles, I discuss the life and career of P.G. Woodhouse, the author of The Inimitable Jeeves and Bertram Worcester, and how he became one of the most famous British novelists of all time.
00:00:00.000Hello, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome back to Chronicles, where today we're going to be
00:00:18.000talking all about The Inimitable Jeeves by P.G. Woodhouse. So the story behind this one is I've
00:00:26.200just had a nice week off and I've been over, you know, blazing summer sun and everything
00:00:31.840over in Margate in Kent by the seaside. And I thought to myself, well, what reading material
00:00:37.840do I have that would be a good bit of work to do, of course, you know, ready for presenting
00:00:43.340this Chronicles, but also something that is just very whimsical, very charming, very English,
00:00:49.220you know, and the sort of thing that might be quite fun reading whilst you are on the beach
00:00:53.600or just taking in the sun, and P.G. Woodhouse seemed like the ideal options from amongst the
00:00:59.260things that I'd had on my shelf. And the other thing as well is just to admit, this is actually
00:01:03.440the first time I've ever read P.G. Woodhouse before. Of course, I'm very, very well acquainted
00:01:09.020with how famous the Jeeves and Worcester characters are, no doubt, of course, in large part because of
00:01:16.380the very successful series that Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie did in the 1990s, which, again,
00:01:23.320I've only just started to actually see now. But it's all very charming. It's incredibly quaint.
00:01:29.720It's very, very inoffensive. And really what you find in here is a great swan song
00:01:36.120to a dying era, that Edwardian interwar era of the high ideals of British manners, of etiquette,
00:01:44.920of fashion, of some feeling of actual confidence in British society at the time, even as Bertie,
00:01:54.260Bertram Worcester, goes about and is just totally oblivious to all of the sort of social disturbances
00:02:02.200that are going on around him as he sort of wanders through it all with blissful ignorance,
00:02:07.260very self-absorbed in his own what seem to be quite trivial problems by comparison.
00:02:12.760But having said all of that, it's not at all malicious, though it is indeed satirical.
00:02:17.760You can tell it's been done with a lot of charm and a good degree of fondness for the former years of P.G. Woodhouse's life that he knew so well.
00:02:28.920And so let's just talk a little bit about Woodhouse, shall we, to begin with.
00:02:32.440So Pelham Grenville Woodhouse was born in 1881 in Guildford, as his mother was just visiting a sister there at the time.
00:02:44.720And he was born slightly premature. And so he comes along as the third son of the family.
00:02:52.040Although it has to be said, his life was, I mean, in many ways, it was quite typical for the time.
00:02:58.200And this is something that we touched on when we talked about Kipling, when I covered Kim.
00:03:02.760But Woodhouse was very much a product of empire. His father, Henry Ernest Woodhouse,
00:03:09.080besides coming from a cadet branch of the Earls of Kimberley, which was a peerage that was created
00:03:16.120in the 1860s, his father was also a magistrate in the British colony of Hong Kong. And so,
00:03:23.400a lot like with Kipling and India, Woodhouse spent a lot of time away from his own parents.
00:03:29.160He never really got to know his own parents in any great real sense.
00:03:34.260So he was born in 81, immediately taken off to be in Hong Kong, where he spent the first
00:03:40.980two years of his life very much in the care of a Chinese nurse.
00:03:45.560And then at the age of two, along with his two elder brothers, he was sent back to England.
00:03:50.920So that in that same way as Kipling, even though you're in an administrative position
00:03:57.780for the British Empire, that you go back to England and you learn and discover something of
00:04:03.260the motherland and why it's a bee's knees and why it's worth defending and all that good stuff.
00:04:10.900And so though in Woodhouse going back to England, it wasn't quite as fraught with trauma
00:04:17.500as it was for Kipling growing up in quite an oppressive household.
00:04:22.080In this occasion, Woodhouse found himself being flopped about between all sorts of nannies and aunts and relatives.
00:04:31.940And so, though it wasn't terrible, it certainly wasn't stable in any meaningful sense.
00:04:38.840And this left Kipling with a great deal of time to allow his imagination to flourish.
00:04:44.860From his earliest years, he always dreamed of becoming a writer, and he was a huge fan
00:04:51.460of J.M. Barrie, of Kipling himself, of Dickens, of Arthur Conan Doyle, and there's certainly
00:04:59.040something in the Jeeves and Worcester formula that is a little bit Doylesque in the way
00:05:05.620that you always know that Holmes is going to solve the case at the end of the novel,
00:05:11.040In the same way that you know that Jeeves is always going to bail out Bertie out of
00:05:16.200whatever troubles he's in, the drama and the fun of it is in the how.
00:05:22.720And so even though it's, you know, the Jeeves and Worcester stories have a very set formula
00:05:32.040And that's something that even within this one book alone, which I suppose I should just
00:05:36.600say as well. The inimitable Jeebs is not the first introduction to these characters. Jeebs
00:05:42.940originally appeared in 1915 as part of a short story that was published in the Saturday Evening
00:05:48.820Post called Extricating Young Gussy, and at that point was only a very, very small part. And then
00:05:55.000over the next coming years, Jeebs found his way into becoming a fully formed character along with
00:06:02.220Bertie and there was a collection of short stories called My Man Jeeves, which I believe was around
00:06:08.5001919. But not all of those stories within that collection were actually Jeeves and Worcester
00:06:14.880stories. Some of them focused on another character called Reggie Pepper. And so I've chosen the
00:06:20.700Inimitable Jeeves because it was the first one when it was published in 93, sorry, in 1923,
00:06:26.780to be entirely dedicated to the Bertie, Worcester, and the Reginald Jeeves characters.
00:06:34.820And they are very much, you can tell, originally conceived of short stories,
00:06:39.180so Woodhouse does quite an able job of sewing them together and giving them a bit of a through line.
00:06:45.560And it all just adds to the drama and whimsy of the entire piece,
00:06:50.780just watching Bertie just go from trouble to trouble,
00:06:55.560watching Jeeves keep getting him out of them. And also as well in the comedy that comes from where
00:07:02.120the relationship sours between the two of them a little bit, and Bertie kind of having to
00:07:09.160strike out on his own with his very limited personal intelligence. It's very, very good,
00:07:15.480and I'll look forward to saying more about it. But there is more to just say about Woodhouse as
00:07:20.680well, because he did have a very, very interesting life. One thing to say is the fact that when he
00:07:26.040was 12, Woodhouse was happy enough to go to Dulwich College in London. And he basically describes
00:07:32.920his next few years, his teenage years, as just the most heavenly of his entire life. And I think it's
00:07:39.240one of the reasons why you can certainly see as he was mingling with very affluent children from
00:07:46.440affluent families and that sort of like boyhood camaraderie and the posh tricks that they'd all
00:07:52.680get up to and the sort of lingo that the upper classes would speak with. A lot of this really0.71
00:08:00.360came to the fore for him here and he got a real taste of that. And you can feel all of that very
00:08:06.280passionately expressed in the novels. The other thing as well is to say that when he was 19,
00:08:12.920unlike his elder brothers, he wasn't able to go to Oxford. He had originally been hoping to go to
00:08:19.080Oxford, but his father's pension after serving as a magistrate in Hong Kong had basically been
00:08:25.880given to him in Indian rupees, which were of course not half as valuable against the exchange
00:08:32.280of the British pound. And so they found that when it came to it, they simply didn't have the money
00:08:38.440and the means to send young Pelham to Oxford as he'd been hoping to. Having said all of that,
00:08:44.920Woodhouse approached it with a sort of flippant, oh, well, that's just what it is and just better
00:08:51.080get on with things attitude that he seemed to have embraced throughout most of his life.
00:08:56.840Even when he had, I mean, he had moments of genuine, remarkable renown and success,
00:09:03.960and at some point was a true celebrity in the interwar period of British society.
00:09:11.780And also as well in America as well, he had his first trip to America.
00:09:15.900He'd always been fascinated by America and had a very romantic ideal of it
00:09:20.460and ended up having his first trip to New York in 1904.
00:09:24.680And it turned out to be as good as he'd hoped it would be.
00:09:27.740And he had a really lovely time there.
00:09:29.600And ever since then, his trips to America became more and more frequent.
00:09:33.960In fact, in the second part of this novel, which I'll cover next week, Bertie actually does go off to New York as well, which is all very fun.
00:09:45.260And he flops about with playwrights and theatergoers.
00:09:49.820And that was a world that Woodhouse came to know very well in America.
00:09:54.000In fact, he ended up climbing so high through the careers of writers and connections that he knew
00:10:00.500that he ended up, towards the end of the 20s, even writing for Hollywood for a brief stint as well.
00:10:07.680And so he was very, very successful in his own time.
00:10:11.540But all of this, as he's becoming more unsuccessful, as more of these celebrated works and short stories
00:10:18.320on Jeeves and Worcester are coming out and many other characters besides for many other works,
00:10:23.840he was prolific. He wrote well over 80 novels or 80 works by the end of his life,
00:10:30.400basically writing about a novel a year. Well, it all kind of came to a head in the
00:10:35.920end of the 1930s when a somewhat minor event called World War II broke out and Woodhouse
00:10:43.680at the time had been living in France. A lot of the reason for this was to get away from
00:10:49.560the oppressive tax policies of Britain and America at the time. And so Woodhouse had
00:10:56.940sent himself over to Northern France, where he was living a very peaceful life with his
00:11:02.040wife at the time. And even though there had obviously been talk and indeed a declaration
00:11:08.780of war and that the Nazis were on the march, Woodhouse thought he was perfectly safe in
00:11:16.480France and that nothing would come of it because he put his trust in the Maginot Line.
00:11:24.580Not to norm MacDonald it, but I don't know if any of y'all are history buffs, but the0.75
00:11:29.280Maginot Line didn't end up doing much of a good job in the end in stopping the German
00:11:34.440invasion. And so as a consequence of this, Woodhouse found the Nazis at his door. And after
00:11:43.800they came to realise what a celebrity they'd actually happened upon, living a very quiet
00:11:49.480life in France, eventually he was taken back to Berlin and allowed to perform some radio
00:11:57.720for British and American audiences. Now, these were not of a political nature in any way. In fact,
00:12:07.120I will just read you a short excerpt from one of them where he simply says,
00:12:11.080Young men starting out in life have often asked me, how can I become an internee? Well,
00:12:18.420there are several methods. My own was to buy a villa in La Torquay on the coast of France
00:12:23.340and stay there until the Germans came along.1.00
00:12:26.480This is probably the best and simplest system.1.00
00:12:29.180You buy the villa and the Germans do the rest.1.00
00:12:32.660And a lot of the substance of these radio broadcasts0.99
00:12:37.560were very much in that very Woodhouse-ian sort of glibness and joviality.