The Saad Truth with Dr. Saad - Reasons Why People Hate Evolution-Evolutionary Psychology - XSpaces Sessions (The Saad Truth with Dr. Saad

00:00:00.000 Thank you very much.

00:00:01.440 Okay, guys, I'm recording this only because I then will try to post it on my podcast and on my YouTube channel.

00:00:12.660 And then, as I said, after I do this presentation, if you wish to interact with me, if you wish to ask questions, then please subscribe.

00:00:24.900 One of the benefits of subscribing to my exclusive content is that only subscribers get to do a Q&A.

00:00:33.540 Sometimes I get a lot of people showing up.

00:00:35.220 Other times, few people show up, so we can have very intimate conversations.

00:00:39.560 But I don't take any questions during the public X Spaces session because it becomes very difficult for me to manage, especially I've held previous ones where several thousand people showed up and I get completely lost.

00:00:54.900 In terms of how to manage the whole thing.

00:00:57.760 So, today what I want to do is continue something that I started, I think it was four weeks ago, and I posted that lecture from the X Spaces and the Sad Truth 1651.

00:01:09.220 So, you can go and check it out.

00:01:11.020 So, the Sad Truth 1651, which was, I think, about four weeks ago.

00:01:15.280 In that lecture, I had discussed the key tenets of evolutionary psychology.

00:01:22.940 So, what are some of the precursors of evolutionary psychology?

00:01:26.760 These include Darwinian anthropology, human ethology, behavioral ecology, sociobiology, mimetic theory, gene culture, co-evolution.

00:01:37.480 All of these disciplines are part of what's called the evolutionary behavioral sciences.

00:01:42.800 And then I talked about what are some of the key tenets specifically of evolutionary psychology.

00:01:47.640 I won't go into all of them here, but, you know, if you're really interested in evolutionary psychology and want to understand what are some of the statements that evolutionary psychologists make about the human mind,

00:02:00.400 then please go back and check that X Spaces session, as I said, from about four weeks ago.

00:02:07.060 Today, what I'd like to do is something that I covered several years ago in my public outreach.

00:02:12.740 I think it was the Sad Truth number 275.

00:02:16.640 So, this is, I would say, about seven plus years ago.

00:02:21.940 But today, I'm going to go over and maybe add some new insights.

00:02:26.060 Specifically, what I'd like to do is discuss what are some of the reasons that causes people to have such a disdain,

00:02:34.900 I mean, generally toward evolution, but more specifically towards evolutionary psychology.

00:02:40.680 The reason why I think this is, I mean, there are several reasons why I think this is a very interesting topic.

00:02:46.620 One of which, on a personal level, is that it has very much defined my academic career.

00:02:53.000 Because, as some of you who follow my work know, my academic work is at the intersection of evolutionary psychology

00:03:00.920 and the behavioral sciences in general, and consumer behavior, psychology of decision-making in particular.

00:03:09.340 And very early in my career, so this is, I finished my PhD in 1994.

00:03:13.060 Very early in my career, I had a hard time understanding why so many social scientists had such animus towards evolutionary psychology.

00:03:26.460 Obviously, these are not dumb people, and yet the second that you would try to apply the evolutionary lens to understand why,

00:03:34.920 you know, people in general do what they do, and specifically why employers or employees or consumers,

00:03:42.260 why do they behave the way that they do from a biological perspective, then people's brains would blow up.

00:03:47.260 And so this was actually my original foray into what later became, you know, the greater culture wars.

00:03:55.220 It all started into looking at these parasitized minds.

00:03:59.940 Why is it that they were so anti-biology, certainly in the business school?

00:04:05.800 And so in my 2011 book, but I've written a lot about it since as well.

00:04:12.800 In my 2011 book, in the first chapter, this is the Consuming Instinct, What Juicy Burgers, Pornography, Ferraris, and Gift-Giving Revealed by Human Nature.

00:04:23.380 I had a whole bunch of, you know, anti-evolution points that typically detractors of evolutionary psychology bring up.

00:04:36.660 And so what I wanted to do today, since last lecture, since the last X-Spaces lecture, I talked about what is evolutionary psychology.

00:04:43.880 Today I thought I would spend time talking about, you know, what are some of the reasons why people have a visceral animus towards evolutionary psychology.

00:04:54.000 So I'll just go through all the ones that I've listed here, maybe add a few additional points.

00:04:59.780 Then I'll close this session, and then as I said, I'll open up another session.

00:05:04.980 If you wish to continue the conversation, we can do so via the subscriber space only.

00:05:12.640 All right, guys, so detractor point number one.

00:05:18.980 Now, so I'll read the position, and then I'll offer a rebuttal.

00:05:24.340 So Darwinian theory is ideologically dangerous, as evidenced by the number of Cretans who have misused it to advance their criminal and nefarious ideologies.

00:05:34.920 So many people who have a disdain for biological-based reasoning when it comes to humans is because there is a history of all sorts of really nasty folks misusing evolutionary thinking to advance their political ideologies.

00:05:54.420 So what is, what became known as, regrettably became known as social Darwinism, although it has nothing to do with Darwinism, was a movement that was started by British social class elitists who said,

00:06:09.500 Hey, look, we're the upper class, and there is a natural struggle between the classes.

00:06:16.940 It's a Darwinian struggle.

00:06:18.300 And so if the lower classes end up, you know, dying in squalor and from tuberculosis, and they don't get education, hey, that's just the natural assortment of things.

00:06:29.720 It's a Darwinian struggle, and so if you cull out all of these lower class people, so what?

00:06:36.860 So that became known as social Darwinism.

00:06:38.480 So you're using a competitive evolutionary argument, quote evolutionary argument, to justify why you would be in the upper classes and all those other folks would be dying of tuberculosis.

00:06:51.100 Of course, it had nothing to do with evolutionary theory, but it was usurped to serve a particular political agenda within the, you know, class warfare.

00:07:02.780 Then you've got the eugenicists, say, who were, you know, let's say you're, let's say you're a homophobic eugenicist, and you think that there is a gay gene that needs to be stopped from proliferating in the gene pool.

00:07:18.800 Well, then, hey, eugenicists would say, well, let's sterilize people who have that, quote, detrimental gay gene, and then hopefully, in the same way that an animal husbandry, you select for particular traits when you're looking for a docile dog or a fatty duck or, you know, people have known how to do artificial selection for millennia.

00:07:45.700 Well, the argument from eugenicists is, hey, you can use these principles so that you can call out particular traits out of the human gene pool.

00:07:56.220 Hey, that's Darwinian.

00:07:57.240 Of course, it had nothing to do with evolutionary theory, but again, a political movement is usurping biological-based thinking to serve its interests.

00:08:08.200 I'll take the extreme example of the Nazis.

00:08:10.760 The Nazis come along and say, hey, there's a natural struggle between the races.

00:08:14.200 We are the Aryans.

00:08:15.520 Sorry, Jews.

00:08:16.320 Sorry, gypsies.

00:08:17.420 Sorry, gay people.

00:08:18.560 You lose.

00:08:19.480 It's only natural that, you know, we eliminate you.

00:08:22.260 That's just part of the Darwinian natural order.

00:08:24.960 And so because of all of these various cretins who misused biological-based reasoning to serve their political agenda, you end up with all sorts of social scientists who have a reflex to completely abhor biological-based thinking.

00:08:43.360 So, for example, cultural relativism, which is a movement that was originally started by the anthropologist Franz Boas, and then it was promulgated to many of his famous doctoral students, most famously Margaret Mead.

00:08:59.020 So, cultural relativism is a rejection of human universals, that there is such a thing as a, you know, a shared biological heritage across all people.

00:09:09.920 Cultural relativists argued there is no such thing.

00:09:13.020 Everything is culturally constrained, and therefore it's the ultimate orgiastic negation of biology.

00:09:20.700 There is no biological-based human nature.

00:09:24.940 And so number one is this idea that we have to reject evolutionary theory because it's simply too dangerous to allow it to flourish, which, of course, is insane because that would be like arguing, well, we should, you know, get rid of physics, you know, because atomic bomb.

00:09:43.020 Like Oppenheimer.

00:09:43.820 Yes, it is true that placed in the wrong hands all sorts of scientific knowledge could be misused, but we certainly don't build edifices of bullshit when it comes to understanding human nature or human behavior simply because we wish to avoid the misuse of applying biology to the human condition.

00:10:04.760 And so I quickly learned in my scientific career that I would get all sorts of editors and, you know, leading journals rejecting my papers without even sending it for review.

00:10:18.140 It would be desk rejected.

00:10:19.500 What are you talking about hormones when it comes to consumer behavior?

00:10:23.560 What kind of nonsense is it?

00:10:24.760 What do you think?

00:10:25.220 We're some kind of gorillas?

00:10:27.240 We're chimpanzees?

00:10:28.560 Well, yeah, we're animals.

00:10:30.420 We're just consumer animals.

00:10:32.120 Okay, so that's number one.

00:10:33.120 Let's move on to number two.

00:10:35.840 Evolutionary theory amounts to biological determinism, namely evolutionists believe that our genes usurp our free will.

00:10:42.940 So there's a whole bunch of imbeciles who think that if you invoke a biological argument for human behavior, this means that we are nothing but mere executors of that biological blueprint.

00:11:00.360 But, of course, evolutionary psychologists understand what's called the interactions framework, which is our genes interact with the environment to generate behavior, right?

00:11:13.160 It's always an interaction.

00:11:14.420 So even genes themselves are turned on or off as a function of environmental inputs.

00:11:20.200 And so the idea that if you believe in, you know, if you invoke evolutionary principles to explain human behavior, you are denying that humans can have a range of possible behaviors.

00:11:36.680 They're just going to biologically, deterministically implement, you know, genetic code X.

00:11:43.080 It's just pure nonsense.

00:11:44.400 It's just if you actually argue that position, all that you are doing is you're putting up a big neon sign next to your forehead saying, I am a gargantuan imbecile who understands nothing about behavioral sciences or about biology, right?

00:12:04.340 It's always an interaction between our genes and our environments.

00:12:07.760 So that's number two.

00:12:08.520 Let's move on to number three.

00:12:10.220 Oh, this is a good one.

00:12:11.120 This has, as I said, I originally generated this list in chapter one of my 2011 book, The Consuming Instinct.

00:12:22.620 I've since learned a few years later that there is a name to this third point that I'm going to make now.

00:12:29.180 It's called the human reticence effect.

00:12:31.300 And you'll see in a second why it's called that.

00:12:32.900 So number three, biological instincts and drives might be applicable when explaining the behaviors of animals.

00:12:41.300 However, humans are first and foremost cultural beings.

00:12:45.460 So the reason why this is called the human reticence effect, it's because there is this kind of visceral reticence to apply evolutionary-based reasoning to explain human behavior.

00:12:58.600 So somehow, biology and evolutionary theory applies to every single living organism on Earth except one.

00:13:09.840 They're called humans, homo sapiens.

00:13:12.020 So homo sapiens exists in a reality that transcends biology, right?

00:13:17.980 And many people will argue, you know, as an ontological statement that what makes us human is precisely that we transcend our biology.

00:13:29.160 That's the definition of what it is to be human.

00:13:31.520 We are a cultural animal.

00:13:33.080 And of course, that's pure, as my British friends say, pure shite, okay?

00:13:39.380 The fact that we are humans doesn't mean that we transcend our biology.

00:13:43.940 We are no different than any of our other animal cousins.

00:13:47.400 As a matter of fact, you can take, for example, let's suppose I'm trying to explain the evolution of a particular sexual signal in the mating behavior of a salamander.

00:14:01.780 Well, if I use the exact same methodology, theories, epistemology to argue for how humans have evolved certain sexual signals in the mating market, the exact same.

00:14:17.160 Nothing changes.

00:14:18.000 So I apply mechanisms XYZ to explain the evolution of the sexual signal of the male salamander, and I apply the exact same framework to explain the sexual signal of a human male.

00:14:33.240 When it comes to the salamander, it's really rigorous science.

00:14:37.080 When it comes to explaining human mating behavior, well, that's just quasi-bullshit science, right?

00:14:44.520 You can't apply evolutionary theory to humans.

00:14:46.760 And then there's a class of folks within this group of detractors that are perfectly willing to concede that evolution matters when it comes to human affairs, as long as that thing that matters stops at the neck.

00:15:01.560 So, for example, if I use evolutionary theory to explain why our lungs operate the way that they do, oh, great, good job, Professor Saab.

00:15:11.660 If I use it to explain why pregnancy sickness exists, oh, beautiful job, Professor Saab.

00:15:18.000 If I explain it to understand why we have opposable thumbs, beautiful job, Professor Saab.

00:15:24.560 But once I try to explain something above the neck, right, to the organ that defines our personhood, right?

00:15:33.340 I mean, the organ that defines each of the people that are in the current X spaces that makes us each different is our unique minds.

00:15:41.480 And somehow, if I were to apply evolutionary theory to explain the evolution of our minds, well, then that just becomes quack Nazi science, okay?

00:15:53.460 Let's move on to number four.

00:15:56.840 EP, or evolutionary psychology, is strictly concerned with the cataloging of human universals.

00:16:02.900 Again, this is a wrong position, but I'm going to read it and then rebut it.

00:16:08.000 So, EP is strictly concerned with the cataloging of human universals, while most social scientists are interested in understanding behavioral heterogeneity.

00:16:17.960 So, what does that mean in less fancy language?

00:16:20.700 What the people who believe in this position are arguing is, well, evolutionists are only concerned in studying all of the things that make people the same around the world.

00:16:32.740 Meaning human universals, meaning human universals, but we're interested, we meaning these particular social scientists, we are interested in cross-cultural differences.

00:16:41.740 We're interested in cross-individual differences.

00:16:44.920 Why does one person prefer chocolate mousse and another person prefers, you know, fatty steak?

00:16:53.320 And, of course, as I explained in the last lecture, it is not true that evolutionary psychology is only concerned with human universals.

00:17:04.000 Yes, we do study things that are universal across all people.

00:17:09.740 There is an evolved, shared, biological human nature.

00:17:16.240 But also, evolutionary theorists study cross-cultural differences, as I explained in the last class.

00:17:24.200 So, for example, the fact that certain cuisines are very spicy and others are very bland, that is a cross-cultural difference.

00:17:33.140 And it is perfectly explainable by an evolutionary framework from behavioral ecology.

00:17:38.880 And the idea is that spice use has evolved as an antimicrobial property to solve a very real biological problem,

00:17:50.700 which is that in cultures that have a higher ambient temperature, you have a greater proliferation of food pathogens.

00:17:58.320 And, therefore, having spices solves as a cultural adaptation to a biological problem.

00:18:05.380 So, it's simply not true that evolutionists only study human universals.

00:18:10.920 We study human universals, we study cross-cultural differences, and we study inter-individual differences.

00:18:18.540 All of these are within the purview of the evolutionary lens.

00:18:22.860 So, again, imagine, so I'm housed in a business school, I'm housed in a marketing department.

00:18:27.220 Imagine how powerful it is for me to be able to go to an international marketer and say,

00:18:33.140 hey, I can exactly predict for you when a particular advertising message is going to be transportable across all cultures

00:18:43.600 because it is part of a human universals, and I can tell you when you need to tweak it to culture-specific conditions and so on.

00:18:51.780 So, it's an incredibly powerful meta-framework that we can use, not just in the behavioral sciences in general,

00:18:58.960 but in, say, international marketing or international consumer behavior.

00:19:02.920 So, there you have it.

00:19:03.580 Let's move on to number four.

00:19:07.300 Sorry, number five.

00:19:09.200 This one is probably the one that pisses me off the most because it's the one that is most often aped by my academic colleagues.

00:19:16.740 So, number five is evolutionary theory largely consists of unfalsifiable, post-hoc, fanciful, and elaborate just-so stories.

00:19:29.680 You can't imagine through all of my years of public engagement the number of walking Dunning-Kruger effects,

00:19:37.560 people who think they know a lot but actually know nothing,

00:19:40.840 who've come at me saying,

00:19:41.900 come on, you're an evolutionary behavioral scientist.

00:19:44.720 That's not a real field.

00:19:46.460 Oh, yeah, sure.

00:19:47.500 All of us, starting with Darwin, are just a bunch of babbling morons who've just been faking it all along.

00:19:52.720 We just basically take a cigar with a martini and just construct post-hoc, fanciful stories.

00:20:01.140 We don't use this thing called the scientific method to test our hypothesis.

00:20:05.200 No, no.

00:20:05.800 We just kind of, we wing it, right?

00:20:09.060 Now, the reason why this pisses me off so much is because it really is like the phoenix that never died,

00:20:16.840 that keeps rising, right?

00:20:18.760 You kill it and it rises again.

00:20:21.100 Because with each new generation of anti-evolution detractors,

00:20:25.940 you get a whole new generation of babbling idiots who say,

00:20:30.660 but come on, bruh, it's all post-hoc nonsense.

00:20:34.540 Now, the reflex comes from the fact that evolution, it has historicity, right?

00:20:41.180 It's like saying, well, the astrophysicists who study the Big Bang, which happened 16 billion years ago,

00:20:50.080 I mean, they're not doing real science.

00:20:52.380 You weren't there 16 billion years ago.

00:20:55.320 You're just coming up with bullshit stories about the Big Bang.

00:20:58.440 So, all astrophysicists, all geologists, all oceanographers, anyone who studies a historical science,

00:21:08.420 historical science, I don't mean history, I mean a science that is rooted in a distal past,

00:21:14.780 they just make stuff up.

00:21:16.580 They just sit, as I said, with like a velvet suit, with a martini or a cognac, with a cigar,

00:21:27.720 and they just pontificate nonsense.

00:21:30.640 Now, why is this particularly galling to me?

00:21:34.040 Because some of you who know my work, I've not only published, you know,

00:21:38.680 this stuff in several, you know, very prestigious scientific journals,

00:21:43.540 but in Chapter 7 of The Parasitic Mind, which I hope most of you have read,

00:21:49.460 and if you haven't, you need to fix that problem right away,

00:21:52.260 because it is the ultimate global mind vaccine to all the bullshit you're seeing in life.

00:21:57.400 Well, in Chapter 7, which is a chapter that I titled How to Seek Truth,

00:22:01.620 I explain the epistemological tool of nomological networks of cumulative evidence.

00:22:07.600 Now, that's a mouthful, but what am I saying, what am I doing there?

00:22:11.140 If I want to prove to you that something is a universal adaptation,

00:22:16.300 I will get you data from across cultures, from across time periods,

00:22:23.940 from across species, from across methodologies, from across dependent measures,

00:22:30.600 from across theoretical frameworks,

00:22:33.220 all of which triangulate to demonstrating that the argument that I've made is truly universal,

00:22:39.880 because it applies not to 30 undergraduate students that I ran in my lab.

00:22:46.260 It applies across cultures.

00:22:49.180 It applies across time periods.

00:22:51.720 It applies across other species exhibit the exact same behavior.

00:22:56.540 And so the idea that evolutionists sit around pontificating by coming up with post hoc fanciful stories,

00:23:02.880 I mean, literally, it is the exact opposite of what we do.

00:23:06.420 If anything, as I've explained on numerous occasions,

00:23:10.680 the evidentiary threshold that evolutionists abide by in order to make an adaptive argument

00:23:19.760 is extraordinarily higher than the other sciences.

00:23:24.160 And yet, Egg on Twitter, who has been masturbating in his basement since 1973 is unemployed

00:23:35.500 and never finished grade 11, feels completely comfortable writing to me

00:23:41.140 and saying that everything that I've done in 30 years as an academic

00:23:45.480 has just been post hoc storytelling, right?

00:23:50.860 So that's, you know, I was asked recently,

00:23:54.400 what is the thing that I was on a show hosted by a British psychiatrist who asked me,

00:24:01.720 by the way, first time I've ever been asked this question.

00:24:04.360 That's why I remember it so well.

00:24:05.860 At the end of our chat, he said,

00:24:08.880 Professor Saad, you've been a professor now for 30 years.

00:24:12.260 What is the singular thing that has most surprised you about human,

00:24:17.880 you know, human behavior, about human phenomena?

00:24:20.860 And I thought, wow, what an amazing question.

00:24:22.600 So I thought first, I said,

00:24:24.640 and I thought,

00:24:25.920 it's the inability of people

00:24:29.720 to alter their positions

00:24:32.460 once the position is truly anchored,

00:24:35.360 which, by the way, goes against what I just said

00:24:37.760 about building nomological networks of cumulative evidence

00:24:40.260 because if you are a truly honest interlocutor,

00:24:44.040 you would come into the debate with me and say,

00:24:46.300 I'm going to listen to your arguments

00:24:48.820 and then I'm open.

00:24:51.060 If you convince me, I'll change my mind

00:24:53.040 or if I convince you, you'll change your mind.

00:24:55.180 But the reality is,

00:24:56.600 and that's the most difficult part,

00:24:58.480 is I can't get you to come to the table

00:25:01.540 and grant me the decency or the humility

00:25:05.580 to allow me to build the nomological network

00:25:08.240 of cumulative evidence for you

00:25:09.520 because you already know the answer

00:25:12.080 and nothing that I'm going to say

00:25:13.900 is going to alter your position.

00:25:15.900 And regrettably,

00:25:17.400 it's not just the eggheads,

00:25:20.020 anonymous eggheads on Twitter

00:25:21.360 who are like that.

00:25:23.260 Regrettably, in my now long academic career,

00:25:26.600 many academics exhibit exactly

00:25:28.760 that lack of epistemological humility.

00:25:31.540 And God damn, is that disappointing, right?

00:25:33.600 Because you go into academia thinking,

00:25:36.240 you know, you've got this kind of naive view

00:25:38.900 of this ultimate noble profession

00:25:41.400 of, you know, epistemological purity

00:25:43.920 where all we care about is seeing truth.

00:25:46.340 Most of my colleagues

00:25:47.380 wouldn't recognize intellectualism

00:25:50.860 if it bit their ass.

00:25:52.440 They're just careerists

00:25:53.840 who are just interested in advancing their career.

00:25:57.200 And I say this not with any,

00:25:58.740 I don't mean it with any venom.

00:25:59.840 It's because, you know,

00:26:00.920 obviously academics are intelligent,

00:26:02.700 they're educated,

00:26:03.440 but many of them truly lack

00:26:05.460 this intellectual curiosity

00:26:07.920 that, you know,

00:26:08.960 every academic should have.

00:26:10.320 Okay, so that's number five.

00:26:11.720 Let's move on to number six.

00:26:14.400 Darwinian theory amounts to believing

00:26:16.940 in a godless universe.

00:26:18.760 It is part and parcel

00:26:19.880 of the growing atheist,

00:26:21.580 secularist, and humanist movements.

00:26:23.640 So oftentimes, many people,

00:26:26.200 especially religious people,

00:26:28.100 will abhor, well, evolution in general,

00:26:30.980 and then evolution,

00:26:32.720 evolution psychology in particular,

00:26:34.660 because somehow it is viewed as anti-god.

00:26:37.800 And, I mean, it isn't, right?

00:26:40.340 It is, frankly, agnostic.

00:26:42.760 I mean, you could technically be an evolutionist

00:26:46.180 and fully believe in evolution.

00:26:48.020 And the way you would do that

00:26:49.040 is through what's called natural theology.

00:26:51.380 So you could say, well,

00:26:53.520 the process of evolution

00:26:55.680 is so exquisite,

00:26:57.840 it is so extraordinary

00:26:59.160 in its ability to generate

00:27:01.860 the profound biodiversity

00:27:03.780 that we see on Earth,

00:27:05.860 that that is a manifestation of the divine.

00:27:08.620 So if you needed to reconcile,

00:27:11.360 you know, evolutionary thinking

00:27:13.080 with your personal religious beliefs,

00:27:16.180 you can certainly do so.

00:27:18.180 So evolutionists,

00:27:19.740 I mean, statistically speaking,

00:27:24.160 they're likely to be atheists

00:27:26.060 or non-believers,

00:27:27.180 if only because, on average,

00:27:29.920 academics are more likely

00:27:31.880 to be non-believers than believers.

00:27:34.380 And in many cases,

00:27:35.760 the more prestigious the academic becomes.

00:27:38.000 So, for example,

00:27:38.920 the more likely you are to be

00:27:41.060 in the National Academy of Sciences,

00:27:43.120 the greater your, you know,

00:27:44.760 the number of atheists

00:27:45.840 within the society.

00:27:46.600 So, yes, in a sense,

00:27:48.880 more education leads to less belief,

00:27:52.720 but evolution itself

00:27:54.680 is not making a pro-

00:27:56.980 or anti-statement to God.

00:28:00.820 Okay?

00:28:01.140 So it is perfectly reasonable

00:28:02.360 for you to believe in both,

00:28:04.720 just like, you know,

00:28:06.440 for example, in my case,

00:28:07.660 I don't, I don't,

00:28:09.060 they're,

00:28:10.520 to use the term of Stephen Jay Gould,

00:28:13.020 the late paleontologist,

00:28:14.000 because they are non-overlapping

00:28:16.300 magisteria, in my case.

00:28:18.360 In other words,

00:28:19.000 I can understand why people

00:28:20.300 have a need for religiosity.

00:28:23.820 And, of course,

00:28:25.580 as a scientist,

00:28:26.600 as an academic,

00:28:27.360 I can understand

00:28:28.020 the importance of

00:28:29.680 using the scientific method

00:28:30.920 to understand,

00:28:31.780 you know,

00:28:32.900 all sorts of phenomena.

00:28:34.500 Where I don't like

00:28:35.980 is where

00:28:36.780 religion

00:28:38.280 tries to make statements

00:28:40.200 within the scientific realm

00:28:41.720 that are demonstrably false.

00:28:45.020 So, for example,

00:28:45.500 if you are a young earth creationist

00:28:47.720 and you're saying,

00:28:48.400 well, no,

00:28:49.580 the earth is 7,000 years old

00:28:52.280 and it's so because of

00:28:54.060 whatever you quote

00:28:55.420 in your book,

00:28:56.960 in your holy book,

00:28:58.340 well, then,

00:28:58.840 I have a problem with that

00:28:59.920 because

00:29:00.340 it is my job

00:29:02.380 as an academic

00:29:03.140 to be defending the truth,

00:29:04.960 to be generating truths,

00:29:06.620 to be

00:29:07.040 at least seeking

00:29:08.520 in whichever

00:29:09.700 means I have

00:29:11.660 at my disposal,

00:29:12.580 which is the scientific method

00:29:14.460 to seek truth.

00:29:15.620 And so,

00:29:15.940 if you make statements

00:29:16.980 that I know are false,

00:29:18.280 then I'm going to be

00:29:19.060 upset and attack you.

00:29:20.380 But, frankly,

00:29:21.580 a lot of people

00:29:22.280 in the past

00:29:22.740 used to think

00:29:23.220 that I'm hostile

00:29:24.000 to religion.

00:29:24.980 I'm only hostile

00:29:25.860 in the context

00:29:26.560 that I just said.

00:29:27.700 But I fully understand

00:29:29.440 that the default value

00:29:30.900 for humans

00:29:31.600 is to be religious.

00:29:33.660 In other words,

00:29:34.640 it is

00:29:35.880 antithetical

00:29:37.200 to human nature

00:29:38.220 to be a non-believer.

00:29:40.040 So,

00:29:40.420 those,

00:29:41.360 the folks

00:29:41.880 who have historically

00:29:42.580 thought that,

00:29:43.180 you know,

00:29:43.380 I'm part of the

00:29:44.100 new atheist movement

00:29:45.660 have got it wrong.

00:29:47.220 I just don't like

00:29:48.000 when religion

00:29:48.540 encroaches

00:29:49.220 in areas

00:29:50.500 where it does not belong.

00:29:53.180 All right,

00:29:53.560 next,

00:29:53.860 number seven.

00:29:54.380 We've got three more, guys.

00:29:57.800 Number seven,

00:29:59.460 Darwinian theory

00:30:00.740 is,

00:30:02.000 when I say

00:30:02.560 Darwinian theory,

00:30:03.340 I also mean

00:30:04.120 basically evolutionary psychology.

00:30:05.960 So,

00:30:06.500 Darwinian theory

00:30:07.180 is morally dangerous

00:30:08.740 in that it provides

00:30:10.380 explanations

00:30:11.380 for reprehensible actions

00:30:13.180 such as adultery,

00:30:15.300 rape,

00:30:16.300 child abuse,

00:30:17.560 marital infidelity,

00:30:19.300 violence,

00:30:19.900 right?

00:30:21.120 And this,

00:30:22.080 by the way,

00:30:22.380 is one of the

00:30:23.080 most common

00:30:24.240 critiques

00:30:28.020 that I see

00:30:28.880 from the general public.

00:30:31.060 And it usually

00:30:32.020 comes in the following form.

00:30:33.340 let's suppose

00:30:34.620 I explain

00:30:35.860 why humans

00:30:37.680 have both

00:30:38.420 evolved

00:30:39.120 a desire

00:30:40.640 for long-term

00:30:42.020 coupling,

00:30:42.840 right,

00:30:43.420 monogamy,

00:30:44.720 but also,

00:30:46.080 at the same time,

00:30:47.120 paradoxically,

00:30:48.320 both men and women

00:30:49.060 have evolved

00:30:49.760 a desire

00:30:50.960 for,

00:30:52.100 you know,

00:30:53.400 extra pair

00:30:54.160 copulations,

00:30:55.200 to use the

00:30:55.920 zoological term.

00:30:57.260 So,

00:30:57.540 we've both evolved

00:30:58.920 to try to find

00:31:00.700 a mate

00:31:01.200 with whom

00:31:01.820 we bond

00:31:03.300 over the long run,

00:31:04.380 but we've also

00:31:05.420 evolved to look

00:31:06.600 for opportunities

00:31:07.480 to head off

00:31:08.540 behind the cabin

00:31:09.400 with some other

00:31:10.680 potential

00:31:12.400 mate.

00:31:13.520 Now,

00:31:14.920 when I explain

00:31:16.060 the evolutionary

00:31:16.780 reasons for

00:31:17.780 sexual variety

00:31:18.880 seeking,

00:31:19.780 then someone

00:31:20.460 will get upset

00:31:21.260 and say,

00:31:22.140 ah,

00:31:22.640 that's so immoral.

00:31:24.660 You are using

00:31:25.680 science

00:31:26.800 or the cover

00:31:28.460 of science

00:31:29.280 to justify

00:31:31.300 bad behavior.

00:31:33.900 That has to be

00:31:35.740 arguably

00:31:36.420 the dumbest

00:31:37.420 statement

00:31:38.040 that a human

00:31:38.960 being can make.

00:31:39.940 Because let me

00:31:40.380 draw an analogy.

00:31:42.700 Oncologists

00:31:43.300 study cancer.

00:31:46.180 They study

00:31:46.920 why cancer

00:31:48.280 arises,

00:31:49.140 how it

00:31:49.860 develops.

00:31:51.240 Do you then

00:31:51.900 come along

00:31:52.540 and say,

00:31:53.180 hey,

00:31:53.960 doc,

00:31:54.620 you're

00:31:55.600 justifying

00:31:56.700 cancer.

00:31:57.980 You are

00:31:58.540 condoning

00:31:59.440 cancer.

00:32:00.760 Don't study

00:32:01.580 it,

00:32:01.920 doc.

00:32:03.240 Right?

00:32:03.980 Condemn it.

00:32:05.840 Right?

00:32:06.240 That's the level

00:32:07.140 of stupidity.

00:32:08.100 Humans

00:32:08.560 both have

00:32:10.400 the capacity

00:32:11.280 for

00:32:12.420 endless

00:32:13.060 positive

00:32:14.060 acts.

00:32:15.720 Parental

00:32:16.240 love,

00:32:16.800 romantic

00:32:17.180 love,

00:32:17.940 sibling

00:32:18.240 love,

00:32:19.220 altruism,

00:32:20.240 compassion,

00:32:21.520 empathy,

00:32:22.340 generosity.

00:32:22.840 Those are all

00:32:23.600 part of the

00:32:25.120 behavioral

00:32:26.760 repertoire of

00:32:27.800 humans.

00:32:29.020 But also,

00:32:30.440 humans

00:32:30.900 rape,

00:32:31.920 kill,

00:32:32.640 steal,

00:32:33.460 cheat,

00:32:34.560 conquer

00:32:35.220 other societies,

00:32:36.720 steal their

00:32:37.280 women,

00:32:37.960 steal their

00:32:38.480 resources,

00:32:40.080 covet,

00:32:41.060 get

00:32:42.880 murderous

00:32:44.120 in their

00:32:44.860 jealousy.

00:32:45.760 So,

00:32:46.480 humans are

00:32:47.940 a complicated

00:32:48.480 creature.

00:32:49.480 We are

00:32:49.780 endowed with

00:32:50.460 endless positive

00:32:51.180 traits,

00:32:51.760 and regrettably,

00:32:53.000 we are endowed

00:32:53.620 with endless

00:32:54.280 negative traits.

00:32:55.680 And both of

00:32:56.640 these sets of

00:32:57.380 traits are

00:32:58.200 within the

00:32:58.720 purview of

00:32:59.880 an evolutionary

00:33:00.560 analysis.

00:33:01.220 So,

00:33:01.800 you can't just

00:33:03.300 study the

00:33:04.640 evolution of

00:33:05.480 empathy,

00:33:06.300 and okay,

00:33:06.800 that's okay.

00:33:07.600 But you

00:33:08.380 don't study

00:33:09.080 the evolution

00:33:09.740 of why

00:33:11.480 child abuse

00:33:12.340 exists.

00:33:13.460 You're not

00:33:14.040 justifying it,

00:33:15.320 you're not

00:33:15.700 condoning it,

00:33:16.460 you're saying

00:33:16.800 it's a real

00:33:17.440 thing that

00:33:17.900 happens,

00:33:18.980 and is

00:33:19.780 there a

00:33:20.380 set of

00:33:20.700 predictors

00:33:21.240 that we

00:33:21.540 can use

00:33:22.060 to study

00:33:22.600 child abuse?

00:33:23.740 And as

00:33:24.020 some of

00:33:24.400 you may

00:33:24.840 have heard

00:33:25.560 me mention

00:33:26.000 in the

00:33:26.280 past,

00:33:27.480 the way

00:33:28.120 I got

00:33:28.560 turned on

00:33:29.160 to

00:33:29.380 evolutionary

00:33:30.000 psychology

00:33:30.620 is in

00:33:30.980 my first

00:33:31.420 semester

00:33:31.780 as a

00:33:32.140 doctoral

00:33:32.420 student

00:33:32.740 at Cornell,

00:33:33.960 I was

00:33:34.260 taking an

00:33:34.740 advanced

00:33:35.080 social

00:33:35.360 psychology

00:33:35.880 course by

00:33:36.460 Professor Dennis

00:33:37.320 Regan,

00:33:37.740 taught by

00:33:38.100 Professor

00:33:38.400 Dennis

00:33:38.680 Regan,

00:33:39.300 he assigned

00:33:39.840 a book

00:33:40.160 called

00:33:40.640 Homicide

00:33:41.520 by

00:33:42.340 Martin

00:33:44.760 Daly and

00:33:45.240 Margo

00:33:45.540 Wilson,

00:33:46.580 and that

00:33:47.120 book was

00:33:47.620 about

00:33:48.040 patterns of

00:33:49.040 criminality

00:33:49.740 that happen

00:33:50.820 around the

00:33:51.300 world and

00:33:51.620 across time

00:33:52.280 periods,

00:33:52.860 and they

00:33:53.100 used an

00:33:53.460 evolutionary

00:33:53.860 lens to

00:33:54.580 explain it.

00:33:55.820 That's when

00:33:56.200 I was bitten

00:33:56.760 by the

00:33:57.180 bug.

00:33:57.740 Now,

00:33:57.960 why am I

00:33:58.300 mentioning

00:33:58.560 this?

00:33:58.900 Because one

00:33:59.440 of the

00:33:59.740 classic

00:34:00.120 examples that

00:34:00.760 they give

00:34:01.060 in this

00:34:01.340 book is

00:34:02.300 they

00:34:02.640 demonstrate

00:34:04.100 that the

00:34:05.540 greatest

00:34:06.060 predictor

00:34:06.780 of child

00:34:07.440 abuse

00:34:07.980 a hundred

00:34:09.680 fold

00:34:10.220 greater than

00:34:10.960 anything else.

00:34:12.680 So,

00:34:12.940 I don't want

00:34:13.500 to hear about

00:34:13.920 all the

00:34:14.300 bullshit social

00:34:15.040 science

00:34:15.500 explanations

00:34:16.080 that explain

00:34:17.180 nothing.

00:34:18.980 One hundred

00:34:19.980 fold

00:34:20.560 greater

00:34:21.140 predictor

00:34:21.880 is whether

00:34:22.640 there is a

00:34:23.340 step parent

00:34:24.120 in the

00:34:24.580 home.

00:34:25.920 Right?

00:34:26.180 That's why

00:34:26.600 we've got

00:34:27.140 what's called

00:34:28.360 the Cinderella

00:34:28.880 effect,

00:34:29.540 right?

00:34:29.740 The Cinderella

00:34:30.340 story,

00:34:32.100 fable,

00:34:32.880 is a

00:34:33.360 universal one

00:34:34.180 precisely

00:34:34.700 because it

00:34:35.420 maps onto

00:34:36.160 a human

00:34:36.880 universal,

00:34:37.780 an ugly

00:34:38.380 human

00:34:38.680 universal,

00:34:39.440 but a

00:34:40.300 universal

00:34:40.720 nonetheless,

00:34:41.560 which is

00:34:42.120 that on

00:34:42.600 average,

00:34:43.860 step parents

00:34:44.600 are less

00:34:45.280 likely to

00:34:46.160 invest in

00:34:47.040 their

00:34:47.220 step children

00:34:48.020 than they

00:34:48.760 are in

00:34:49.200 their

00:34:49.340 biological

00:34:49.880 children.

00:34:51.400 Taken to

00:34:51.820 the extreme,

00:34:52.980 you get

00:34:53.400 child abuse

00:34:54.540 from a

00:34:55.240 step parent

00:34:55.900 to a

00:34:56.380 step child.

00:34:57.300 Now,

00:34:57.460 the child

00:34:57.840 abuse

00:34:58.200 takes different

00:34:58.880 form depending

00:34:59.600 on whether

00:34:59.960 we're talking

00:35:00.560 about a

00:35:02.160 step father

00:35:03.000 or a

00:35:03.540 step mother,

00:35:03.920 so it's

00:35:04.240 not as

00:35:04.580 though the

00:35:04.920 step fathers

00:35:05.500 are evil

00:35:06.040 and the

00:35:06.360 step mothers

00:35:06.800 are nice,

00:35:07.600 it's that

00:35:08.080 the pattern

00:35:09.380 of abuse

00:35:10.160 changes.

00:35:10.980 For example,

00:35:11.500 sexual abuse

00:35:12.240 is much more

00:35:13.140 likely to be

00:35:13.660 with a

00:35:13.960 step father,

00:35:15.080 whereas

00:35:15.340 emotional

00:35:16.840 and psychological

00:35:18.300 abuse,

00:35:19.200 hence the

00:35:20.540 Cinderella story,

00:35:22.080 comes from

00:35:22.620 the evil

00:35:23.420 step mother

00:35:24.140 archetype.

00:35:25.660 Okay?

00:35:26.180 So we're not

00:35:27.020 condoning it,

00:35:28.120 we're not

00:35:28.560 justifying it.

00:35:29.740 I remember

00:35:30.140 I went in

00:35:30.880 2006 to

00:35:32.020 give a

00:35:32.500 talk on

00:35:33.500 then what

00:35:34.460 was,

00:35:34.980 my first

00:35:35.920 book was

00:35:36.260 coming out,

00:35:36.700 The Evolutionary

00:35:37.180 Basis of

00:35:37.560 Consumption,

00:35:38.740 and they

00:35:41.000 had a

00:35:41.460 very,

00:35:41.940 a top

00:35:42.480 evolutionary

00:35:43.360 behavioral

00:35:43.700 science group

00:35:44.280 at the

00:35:44.520 University of

00:35:44.840 New Mexico,

00:35:45.960 one person

00:35:46.760 of which

00:35:47.180 was,

00:35:47.680 and that

00:35:48.000 group was

00:35:48.520 Randy

00:35:48.960 Thornhill,

00:35:49.820 who's a

00:35:50.380 evolutionary

00:35:51.640 biologist

00:35:52.660 who's been

00:35:53.320 on my

00:35:53.640 show,

00:35:53.820 actually,

00:35:54.480 Thornhill,

00:35:55.200 check it

00:35:55.520 out,

00:35:56.340 great guy.

00:35:57.180 Well,

00:35:57.800 he had

00:35:58.100 written a

00:35:58.560 book back

00:35:59.320 in,

00:35:59.640 I think,

00:36:00.220 2000 with

00:36:01.220 Craig Palmer

00:36:02.000 looking at

00:36:03.420 the,

00:36:04.420 an evolutionary

00:36:04.920 explanation of

00:36:05.820 rape.

00:36:06.740 Now,

00:36:07.080 you could

00:36:07.420 imagine the

00:36:08.360 kind of

00:36:08.720 flack this

00:36:09.240 guy had.

00:36:10.200 Oh,

00:36:10.440 you disgusting

00:36:11.340 patriarchal

00:36:12.460 pig,

00:36:13.060 are you saying

00:36:13.980 that it's okay

00:36:14.640 to rape?

00:36:15.280 Of course he

00:36:15.900 wasn't saying

00:36:16.480 that,

00:36:16.900 you abject

00:36:17.520 moron.

00:36:18.560 He's trying

00:36:19.300 to explain

00:36:20.080 why rape

00:36:21.280 happens.

00:36:22.280 He's trying

00:36:22.680 to better

00:36:23.100 understand it

00:36:23.880 so we can

00:36:24.320 better prevent

00:36:25.080 it,

00:36:26.020 right?

00:36:26.260 He's not

00:36:26.640 trying to

00:36:27.000 justify it,

00:36:28.120 but again,

00:36:28.700 people have

00:36:29.160 this visceral

00:36:29.980 reaction that

00:36:30.840 if you explain

00:36:31.660 some ugly

00:36:32.640 behavior via

00:36:34.220 an evolutionary

00:36:34.820 lens,

00:36:35.380 that means

00:36:35.960 you must

00:36:36.320 be justifying

00:36:37.340 it.

00:36:38.020 Bullshit.

00:36:39.240 Okay,

00:36:39.540 number eight,

00:36:40.440 we're almost

00:36:40.920 done.

00:36:41.940 And then,

00:36:42.480 as I said,

00:36:43.240 you want to

00:36:43.680 continue this

00:36:44.340 party,

00:36:45.420 subscribe and

00:36:46.800 join me for

00:36:48.260 the exclusive

00:36:49.380 Q&A period.

00:36:51.280 Number eight,

00:36:52.300 Darwinian theory

00:36:53.400 posits that

00:36:54.380 humans are

00:36:55.080 brutish and

00:36:55.960 selfish creatures

00:36:56.920 engage in

00:36:57.680 an endless

00:36:58.260 quote,

00:36:59.160 survival of

00:36:59.920 the fittest

00:37:00.400 struggle.

00:37:02.300 Well,

00:37:02.520 first of all,

00:37:02.860 survival of

00:37:03.260 the fittest

00:37:03.580 is not a

00:37:04.060 term that

00:37:04.620 was generated

00:37:05.560 by Darwin

00:37:06.420 himself.

00:37:07.580 It was,

00:37:08.720 if I recall

00:37:09.460 correctly,

00:37:10.760 it was

00:37:10.960 Spencer.

00:37:12.240 But as I

00:37:12.800 just mentioned

00:37:13.260 a few minutes

00:37:13.760 ago,

00:37:14.300 when talking

00:37:14.720 about the

00:37:15.040 last point,

00:37:16.160 that's not

00:37:16.600 true.

00:37:17.920 Evolutionists

00:37:18.440 and evolutionary

00:37:18.980 psychologists

00:37:19.520 explain both

00:37:20.400 why we've

00:37:20.920 evolved positive

00:37:22.480 traits and

00:37:23.420 negative ones.

00:37:24.120 it explains

00:37:24.700 why we

00:37:25.240 have evolved

00:37:26.080 romantic love

00:37:26.980 and sibling

00:37:27.640 love and

00:37:29.100 parental love

00:37:32.400 and altruism

00:37:33.880 and compassion

00:37:34.920 and kindness

00:37:35.860 and generosity

00:37:36.800 and empathy,

00:37:37.820 but it also

00:37:38.980 explains why we

00:37:40.100 can be competitive

00:37:41.260 and deceptive

00:37:42.560 and duplicitous

00:37:43.540 and why we can

00:37:44.700 cheat on our

00:37:45.320 partners and

00:37:46.080 why we can be

00:37:46.800 violent and so

00:37:47.660 on.

00:37:48.320 Right?

00:37:48.640 All of it is

00:37:49.720 within the purview

00:37:50.500 of evolutionary

00:37:51.120 theory.

00:37:51.520 So no,

00:37:52.600 evolutionists

00:37:53.360 don't believe

00:37:54.280 that we are

00:37:54.880 these cavemen

00:37:56.240 going around

00:37:56.980 hitting everybody

00:37:57.820 with our clubs

00:37:58.740 and dragging

00:37:59.780 the ladies

00:38:00.340 into the cave.

00:38:01.500 We're both

00:38:02.120 capable of

00:38:03.060 a multitude

00:38:04.440 of laudable

00:38:06.000 behaviors

00:38:07.100 and regrettable

00:38:08.320 behaviors.

00:38:08.900 It's all part

00:38:09.800 of the soup

00:38:10.920 that makes us

00:38:11.640 human beings.

00:38:12.940 And finally,

00:38:13.440 number nine,

00:38:14.100 which is one

00:38:15.240 that comes up

00:38:16.100 probably every

00:38:17.960 single lecture

00:38:19.440 one that I've

00:38:20.420 ever taught

00:38:21.180 in my 30

00:38:21.920 years as a

00:38:22.360 professor.

00:38:23.240 First,

00:38:23.780 I'm going to

00:38:24.220 state it

00:38:24.860 formally and

00:38:25.900 then I'll

00:38:26.200 explain it.

00:38:27.920 Providing a

00:38:28.720 datum at the

00:38:29.700 individual level

00:38:30.900 that is contrary

00:38:32.120 to a fact

00:38:33.060 that holds

00:38:34.020 true at the

00:38:34.760 population level

00:38:35.780 is sufficient

00:38:37.060 to falsify a

00:38:38.560 given evolutionary

00:38:39.480 principle.

00:38:40.260 So that's a

00:38:40.700 mouthful.

00:38:41.520 So let me

00:38:41.920 explain it

00:38:42.380 concretely.

00:38:43.840 If I say

00:38:45.260 human beings

00:38:46.440 are a sexually

00:38:47.300 dimorphic species,

00:38:48.920 meaning that

00:38:49.580 they've evolved

00:38:50.520 predictable

00:38:51.980 and universal

00:38:53.120 sex differences.

00:38:54.320 So for

00:38:54.560 example,

00:38:55.540 men are

00:38:56.800 taller and

00:38:58.240 heavier than

00:38:59.460 women within

00:39:00.520 the human

00:39:01.040 species.

00:39:01.660 Some species

00:39:02.300 don't exhibit

00:39:03.560 size sexual

00:39:04.920 dimorphism.

00:39:05.820 Humans do.

00:39:07.160 Okay?

00:39:07.820 If I make

00:39:09.300 that statement,

00:39:10.400 which is an

00:39:11.440 incontestable

00:39:12.700 truth,

00:39:14.200 somebody will

00:39:15.300 raise their

00:39:15.900 hand in

00:39:16.380 class.

00:39:17.260 You ready?

00:39:18.160 but my

00:39:20.120 aunt Nina

00:39:21.780 is taller

00:39:22.460 than my

00:39:22.940 uncle Joe,

00:39:23.800 professor.

00:39:25.020 Oh,

00:39:25.600 shit.

00:39:26.100 Darwinian theory

00:39:27.040 is dead.

00:39:27.900 Back to the

00:39:28.560 drawing board.

00:39:29.920 Right?

00:39:30.380 If I say

00:39:31.440 men prefer

00:39:32.580 to mate

00:39:33.200 with women

00:39:34.360 who are

00:39:34.840 not menopausal,

00:39:36.800 on average,

00:39:37.660 as a preference,

00:39:38.840 someone will

00:39:39.360 put up their

00:39:39.780 hand.

00:39:40.080 But my

00:39:40.440 uncle Joe

00:39:41.160 is dating

00:39:42.100 a woman

00:39:42.520 who's 12

00:39:43.100 years older

00:39:43.660 than him,

00:39:44.260 professor.

00:39:44.640 if I say

00:39:46.020 that humans

00:39:46.620 are a

00:39:47.140 sexually

00:39:47.460 reproducing

00:39:48.220 species,

00:39:49.180 but professor,

00:39:51.420 my uncle

00:39:51.940 Joe is gay

00:39:52.780 and he only

00:39:53.400 dates hairy

00:39:54.760 Turkish guys,

00:39:55.800 so it can't

00:39:56.600 be that humans

00:39:57.320 are a sexually

00:39:58.100 reproducing

00:39:58.700 species and

00:39:59.960 that they've

00:40:00.420 evolved this

00:40:01.140 sexual instinct

00:40:03.080 to procreate.

00:40:04.800 If I say

00:40:05.800 that humans

00:40:07.360 have evolved

00:40:08.100 these sets

00:40:08.720 of behaviors

00:40:09.480 because it

00:40:10.020 is part of

00:40:10.640 their repertoire

00:40:11.900 of survival

00:40:12.920 instinct,

00:40:13.560 someone puts

00:40:14.700 up their

00:40:15.000 hand,

00:40:15.580 but professor,

00:40:17.160 my uncle

00:40:17.700 Joe committed

00:40:18.380 suicide,

00:40:19.380 so how

00:40:19.900 could it

00:40:20.280 be that

00:40:20.840 humans

00:40:21.280 have evolved

00:40:21.960 a survival

00:40:22.640 instinct

00:40:23.120 through natural

00:40:23.780 selection

00:40:24.680 if there is

00:40:25.860 such a thing

00:40:26.400 as suicide?

00:40:27.700 So you see

00:40:28.180 all the examples

00:40:28.820 I just gave

00:40:29.380 you?

00:40:30.140 It's a

00:40:30.700 recurring

00:40:31.520 cognitive

00:40:32.280 trap

00:40:32.920 that doesn't

00:40:34.100 allow a

00:40:34.740 person to

00:40:35.400 recognize

00:40:35.900 that coming

00:40:36.900 up with

00:40:37.660 a singular

00:40:38.480 datum

00:40:39.240 does not

00:40:40.540 violate

00:40:41.320 the statement

00:40:42.660 that holds

00:40:43.340 true at

00:40:43.940 the population

00:40:44.700 level.

00:40:45.700 Every single

00:40:46.680 basketball player

00:40:48.060 in the WNBA

00:40:49.580 is taller

00:40:50.960 than every

00:40:52.260 man in

00:40:53.360 the Philippines.

00:40:55.200 That doesn't

00:40:56.380 mean that

00:40:57.180 this violates

00:40:58.360 that men

00:40:59.340 are taller

00:41:00.240 than women.

00:41:01.420 And sorry,

00:41:01.920 please don't

00:41:02.300 send me an

00:41:02.800 email now

00:41:03.420 saying,

00:41:04.280 but my

00:41:04.600 uncle Joe

00:41:05.300 is from

00:41:06.000 the Philippines

00:41:06.660 and he's

00:41:07.100 six foot

00:41:07.460 two.

00:41:08.400 So you

00:41:09.960 take these

00:41:10.600 nine points

00:41:11.260 that I just

00:41:11.720 said and

00:41:12.340 there are

00:41:12.580 a few

00:41:12.900 others.

00:41:14.700 I mean,

00:41:15.060 I won't

00:41:15.360 keep us

00:41:16.060 much longer

00:41:16.600 today,

00:41:16.940 but you

00:41:17.740 can see

00:41:18.240 how there

00:41:18.840 is a

00:41:19.380 whole slew

00:41:21.160 of cognitive

00:41:22.740 obstacles,

00:41:24.520 emotional

00:41:25.060 obstacles,

00:41:26.480 ideological

00:41:26.980 obstacles that

00:41:28.860 makes

00:41:29.400 evolutionary,

00:41:30.820 evolution in

00:41:31.620 general and

00:41:32.500 evolutionary

00:41:33.120 psychology in

00:41:34.640 particular,

00:41:36.360 very non-palpable

00:41:38.140 to many

00:41:38.660 people.

00:41:39.660 So even

00:41:40.240 though it

00:41:41.840 is absolutely

00:41:42.960 as clear

00:41:45.040 as the

00:41:45.760 existence of

00:41:46.660 gravity that

00:41:48.220 evolution is

00:41:49.900 the only game

00:41:50.640 in town and

00:41:51.740 that evolutionary

00:41:52.460 psychology is

00:41:53.500 the only game

00:41:54.800 in town when

00:41:55.980 it comes to

00:41:56.720 creating a

00:41:57.520 consilient

00:41:58.040 framework to

00:41:58.680 understanding

00:41:59.080 human behavior,

00:42:00.180 people just

00:42:01.380 have a visceral

00:42:02.240 animus against

00:42:03.300 it because

00:42:04.240 usually it

00:42:05.280 attacks one

00:42:06.340 of their

00:42:06.860 foundational

00:42:08.180 ideological

00:42:09.100 positions.

00:42:10.320 If I'm

00:42:10.700 religious,

00:42:11.320 I hate it

00:42:11.900 because you're

00:42:12.480 killing God.

00:42:13.360 If I am a

00:42:14.160 postmodernist,

00:42:15.100 I hate it

00:42:15.640 because there

00:42:16.080 are no

00:42:16.440 absolute truths.

00:42:17.620 If I'm a

00:42:18.120 feminist,

00:42:18.660 I hate it

00:42:19.180 because you're

00:42:19.680 saying that

00:42:20.120 there are

00:42:20.560 sex differences.

00:42:21.760 So all

00:42:22.480 sorts of

00:42:23.060 people will

00:42:24.640 then come

00:42:25.560 out of the

00:42:25.940 woodworks

00:42:26.480 hating

00:42:27.240 evolutionary

00:42:27.760 psychology

00:42:28.340 for completely

00:42:30.220 erroneous

00:42:31.340 and frankly

00:42:32.280 imbecilic

00:42:32.820 reasons.

00:42:33.720 So there you

00:42:34.160 have it.

00:42:34.440 But by the way,

00:42:34.920 that's what

00:42:35.280 makes it so

00:42:35.980 exciting.

00:42:37.680 Because I

00:42:39.280 know that

00:42:39.780 whenever I

00:42:40.420 write something,

00:42:41.920 I publish a

00:42:43.020 paper, it's

00:42:44.160 very unlikely

00:42:44.940 for it to

00:42:45.560 go unnoticed

00:42:46.560 because even

00:42:48.120 if you are

00:42:48.780 a non-academic,

00:42:50.140 you're a

00:42:50.460 layperson,

00:42:51.640 you are

00:42:52.220 drawn to

00:42:53.240 enter that

00:42:54.200 discussion.

00:42:54.940 Because what

00:42:55.640 is more sexy

00:42:56.740 and exciting

00:42:57.400 and interesting

00:42:58.000 than trying to

00:42:59.240 understand the

00:43:00.440 evolutionary roots

00:43:01.440 of human

00:43:02.100 behavior?

00:43:02.900 There you

00:43:03.380 have it,

00:43:03.820 people.

00:43:04.180 I can't

00:43:04.800 believe you

00:43:05.780 just got

00:43:06.300 43 minutes

00:43:07.500 of this

00:43:09.340 lecture for

00:43:09.980 free.

00:43:10.720 So do the

00:43:11.200 right thing,

00:43:12.240 go and buy

00:43:13.040 the Gadsad

00:43:14.120 books,

00:43:15.040 subscribe for

00:43:16.140 I think it's

00:43:16.900 five or six

00:43:17.460 dollars, I

00:43:17.840 can't remember

00:43:18.140 what the

00:43:18.440 subscription is.

00:43:19.140 By the way,

00:43:19.480 they take about

00:43:19.900 50% of the

00:43:21.400 subscription fee

00:43:22.140 from me.

00:43:23.060 So for the

00:43:23.760 price of a

00:43:24.660 single latte,

00:43:26.340 you could be

00:43:27.060 supporting content

00:43:28.640 creators such as

00:43:29.620 yours truly.

00:43:30.680 Please do so.

00:43:31.600 yes, I do

00:43:32.720 this for

00:43:33.100 purity reasons

00:43:33.920 just because

00:43:34.420 I love to

00:43:35.720 engage in

00:43:37.320 intellectual

00:43:38.580 pursuits, but

00:43:40.240 also I can't

00:43:42.080 pay the

00:43:42.820 mortgage with

00:43:44.280 purity.

00:43:45.240 So if you

00:43:46.300 appreciate what

00:43:47.000 I do, please

00:43:47.720 consider subscribing

00:43:48.880 and I will

00:43:49.960 now get off

00:43:51.080 this thing,

00:43:52.060 head off to

00:43:52.800 my subscriber

00:43:53.600 only space.

00:43:55.460 I hope to

00:43:56.200 see you there

00:43:56.820 and there I

00:43:57.740 will take all

00:43:59.000 of your questions

00:43:59.720 as long as it

00:44:00.380 happens within

00:44:00.840 30 minutes

00:44:01.460 because I

00:44:02.280 would still

00:44:02.700 like to be

00:44:03.200 married when

00:44:04.040 I finish this

00:44:04.660 chat.

00:44:05.360 Take care

00:44:05.880 everybody.

00:44:06.240 Thank you so

00:44:06.580 much for

00:44:06.820 coming.

00:44:07.140 Talk to you

00:44:07.460 soon.

00:44:07.700 Cheers.

00:44:21.600 Subscriber only

00:44:22.280 space.

00:44:24.520 I've got two

00:44:25.260 requests, so

00:44:25.900 let me open

00:44:26.760 it up.

00:44:27.400 I've got

00:44:27.840 Zara and

00:44:29.160 Doctore.

00:44:31.520 Doctore.

00:44:32.320 Do they,

00:44:33.540 hold on,

00:44:33.900 let me just,

00:44:35.200 I mean,

00:44:35.740 I'll just,

00:44:36.260 I'll say yes

00:44:37.040 to both.

00:44:37.820 I'll give you

00:44:38.280 the thing.

00:44:39.140 Either of

00:44:39.840 you can

00:44:40.520 speak.

00:44:42.920 Take it

00:44:43.480 away.

00:44:44.440 Who wants

00:44:44.740 to look?

00:44:44.980 Thank you,

00:44:45.060 Dr.

00:44:45.320 Sad again.

00:44:46.320 Who is it?

00:44:46.780 Zara?

00:44:48.140 Yeah.

00:44:48.760 How are you,

00:44:49.280 sir?

00:44:49.480 I was hoping

00:44:50.880 I didn't miss

00:44:51.480 one in the

00:44:51.880 last four weeks.

00:44:52.660 I keep trying

00:44:53.160 to check,

00:44:53.740 but you tweet

00:44:54.260 so often

00:44:54.880 that I'm afraid

00:44:55.640 I'm going to

00:44:56.160 miss one.

00:44:56.560 No,

00:44:56.780 no,

00:44:56.920 you didn't

00:44:57.240 miss anything.

00:44:58.040 I had one

00:44:58.860 four weeks ago,

00:44:59.720 which was what

00:45:00.300 is evolutionary

00:45:00.880 psychology,

00:45:01.520 and now I

00:45:02.300 had the

00:45:02.860 detractors,

00:45:03.460 so you're

00:45:03.860 right on

00:45:04.640 track.

00:45:05.040 Welcome.

00:45:06.120 Yeah,

00:45:06.440 I did the

00:45:06.880 notes on

00:45:07.340 this one,

00:45:07.780 the same

00:45:08.080 as the

00:45:08.360 last one.

00:45:08.800 This was

00:45:09.100 fantastic.

00:45:09.860 I have

00:45:10.080 some questions

00:45:10.660 to ask,

00:45:11.620 but I'm

00:45:12.100 going to

00:45:12.260 stop talking

00:45:12.800 right now.

00:45:13.640 Are there

00:45:14.180 only two

00:45:14.620 mics here?

00:45:15.860 Well,

00:45:16.380 I gave

00:45:17.080 the speaking

00:45:17.680 privileges to

00:45:18.340 two folks,

00:45:19.220 but yeah,

00:45:20.380 so if you

00:45:20.760 have any

00:45:21.080 questions,

00:45:21.940 this is the

00:45:22.440 time to ask

00:45:22.920 them,

00:45:23.080 and then I'll

00:45:23.360 go on to

00:45:24.020 Doctore,

00:45:25.120 I think,

00:45:25.500 that's the

00:45:25.800 name,

00:45:26.140 D-R-E,

00:45:27.220 so ask

00:45:28.160 any questions.

00:45:30.640 I hate to,

00:45:31.700 one of your

00:45:32.460 objections I

00:45:33.640 actually thought

00:45:34.520 had a germ of

00:45:35.260 truth to it,

00:45:35.940 and it's one

00:45:36.420 that you had a

00:45:37.080 lot of vitriol

00:45:37.940 against,

00:45:38.920 so I hesitate

00:45:40.180 to bring it up.

00:45:40.860 No,

00:45:41.060 no,

00:45:41.240 please do.

00:45:42.000 It's a safe

00:45:43.520 space.

00:45:45.040 So I want

00:45:45.520 to do

00:45:45.700 everything I

00:45:46.100 can to

00:45:46.380 encourage you

00:45:46.820 to keep

00:45:47.080 doing these,

00:45:47.580 by the way,

00:45:47.940 I really

00:45:48.200 think they're

00:45:48.600 awesome,

00:45:49.240 and I'm

00:45:51.700 doing some

00:45:52.160 philosophy lectures

00:45:52.980 and some of

00:45:53.540 it's on

00:45:53.820 philosophy of

00:45:54.500 science,

00:45:55.020 and objection

00:45:55.860 number five

00:45:56.660 that you

00:45:57.040 brought up.

00:45:58.840 The

00:45:58.960 unfalsifiable

00:45:59.960 just-so

00:46:00.440 storytelling?

00:46:01.980 Yeah.

00:46:02.680 Okay.

00:46:03.020 You put it

00:46:03.440 in really,

00:46:04.220 really negative

00:46:04.960 terminology,

00:46:05.940 so I'm

00:46:06.320 going to

00:46:06.720 just preface

00:46:07.600 and throw

00:46:08.040 clear this

00:46:08.540 with,

00:46:08.880 obviously,

00:46:09.520 I understand

00:46:10.120 that evolution

00:46:10.680 is a science,

00:46:11.460 I understand

00:46:11.840 there are

00:46:12.160 really rigorous

00:46:12.800 methods,

00:46:14.260 I'm not

00:46:14.700 coming at

00:46:15.200 it from

00:46:15.560 a,

00:46:15.900 you know,

00:46:16.220 you guys

00:46:16.520 are just

00:46:16.800 making up

00:46:17.340 just-so stories

00:46:18.120 kind of

00:46:18.540 perspective,

00:46:19.540 but I have

00:46:19.920 one quick

00:46:20.320 question,

00:46:20.800 which is

00:46:21.060 this.

00:46:21.420 Please.

00:46:22.640 Is there,

00:46:23.940 so let's

00:46:24.700 just talk

00:46:25.020 evolution in

00:46:25.860 general first

00:46:26.540 before we

00:46:27.020 go to

00:46:27.460 behavior of

00:46:28.520 people.

00:46:29.000 Sure.

00:46:29.280 Is there

00:46:30.440 a hypothetical

00:46:31.380 species

00:46:32.120 that could

00:46:34.020 exist

00:46:34.620 that you

00:46:36.020 couldn't come

00:46:36.680 up with

00:46:37.060 an evolutionary

00:46:37.740 Darwinian

00:46:38.480 explanation

00:46:39.260 for its

00:46:39.900 features?

00:46:42.120 Not that

00:46:42.860 I'm aware

00:46:43.320 of,

00:46:43.600 no.

00:46:44.540 Because

00:46:44.960 that species

00:46:46.420 did not

00:46:47.760 materialize

00:46:48.940 out of

00:46:49.760 some

00:46:50.420 magical

00:46:51.200 process

00:46:51.860 that is

00:46:52.820 outside the

00:46:53.820 purview.

00:46:54.280 You know

00:46:54.420 what I mean?

00:46:54.740 So,

00:46:56.480 do you have

00:46:57.600 something in

00:46:58.000 mind?

00:46:59.240 Well,

00:46:59.680 I guess,

00:47:00.460 look,

00:47:01.960 I know how

00:47:02.580 unfair this is

00:47:03.280 going to

00:47:03.480 sound,

00:47:03.820 but if

00:47:04.740 there were

00:47:05.560 flying elephants,

00:47:07.120 wouldn't you

00:47:07.540 be able to

00:47:08.040 come up with

00:47:08.600 the explanation

00:47:09.580 for why it

00:47:10.140 was as

00:47:10.520 evolutionarily

00:47:11.540 advantaged for

00:47:12.440 them to

00:47:12.740 develop the

00:47:13.420 features that

00:47:14.100 got them

00:47:14.660 into flying?

00:47:17.780 Well,

00:47:18.000 you're exactly

00:47:19.680 aping that

00:47:21.100 number five,

00:47:22.080 right?

00:47:22.780 That's what I'm

00:47:23.440 trying to do.

00:47:24.120 I'm trying my

00:47:24.720 best to take

00:47:25.380 the one you

00:47:25.800 hated.

00:47:26.940 No,

00:47:27.460 no,

00:47:27.580 listen,

00:47:28.220 I like it.

00:47:29.080 Challenge me.

00:47:29.680 Challenge away.

00:47:30.920 So,

00:47:31.180 as I explained

00:47:32.200 and you know

00:47:32.900 when I was

00:47:33.420 talking about

00:47:33.860 nomological

00:47:34.460 networks of

00:47:35.180 cumulative

00:47:35.460 evidence,

00:47:36.700 before

00:47:37.940 I'm able

00:47:39.400 to

00:47:40.020 definitively

00:47:41.220 state that

00:47:42.280 something is

00:47:43.340 an adaptation,

00:47:44.920 I actually

00:47:46.540 set the

00:47:47.640 evidentiary

00:47:48.500 threshold so

00:47:50.000 high that

00:47:51.620 it completely

00:47:53.680 dwarfs any

00:47:55.500 other science

00:47:57.040 in terms of

00:47:58.460 the scrupulosity

00:47:59.920 that I

00:48:00.400 approach the

00:48:01.160 problem with,

00:48:01.720 right?

00:48:01.920 So,

00:48:02.200 in other words,

00:48:02.920 if you have a

00:48:04.260 problem with

00:48:05.600 the level of

00:48:06.800 epistemological

00:48:07.680 proof that

00:48:08.800 an evolutionist

00:48:09.760 uses,

00:48:10.440 then you

00:48:11.360 should have

00:48:11.880 a much

00:48:12.660 bigger problem

00:48:13.540 with any

00:48:14.580 other scientist.

00:48:15.760 Do you

00:48:15.940 follow what I

00:48:16.320 mean?

00:48:16.900 So,

00:48:17.940 by the way,

00:48:19.960 not only are

00:48:22.220 evolutionists,

00:48:23.380 you know,

00:48:23.980 keen on

00:48:24.400 building these

00:48:24.900 nomological

00:48:25.320 networks of

00:48:26.040 cumulative

00:48:26.300 evidence that

00:48:26.840 I mentioned,

00:48:27.680 but there's

00:48:28.520 even a whole

00:48:29.660 tradition within

00:48:30.680 evolutionary biology

00:48:31.740 and evolutionary

00:48:32.300 psychology to

00:48:34.380 try to offer

00:48:36.480 a framework to

00:48:38.180 know when

00:48:38.940 something is an

00:48:39.940 adaptation or

00:48:41.640 an exaptation,

00:48:42.900 for example,

00:48:43.440 and I mentioned

00:48:43.980 this briefly in

00:48:45.540 my last lecture,

00:48:46.860 the one that I

00:48:47.560 held four weeks

00:48:48.340 ago, but maybe

00:48:49.760 some of the folks

00:48:50.420 here may not

00:48:51.360 have been there,

00:48:51.900 so let me mention

00:48:52.440 again, an

00:48:53.200 adaptation is a

00:48:55.080 trait that has

00:48:56.300 evolved either

00:48:57.260 through natural

00:48:58.080 selection or

00:48:58.900 sexual selection

00:48:59.860 because it

00:49:00.820 confers either a

00:49:01.960 survival advantage

00:49:02.940 or a mating

00:49:04.960 advantage,

00:49:05.660 right?

00:49:06.600 An exaptation is

00:49:08.360 a trait that

00:49:09.220 exists, I mean,

00:49:10.760 to your point

00:49:11.400 about possibly

00:49:12.180 the elephants

00:49:12.700 flying, it's a

00:49:13.920 trait that exists

00:49:15.140 because it is a

00:49:16.780 byproduct of

00:49:17.880 evolution.

00:49:18.740 Itself, it's not

00:49:20.080 an adaptation.

00:49:21.000 So, for example,

00:49:22.100 the color of your

00:49:23.540 skeletal system is

00:49:25.280 that color, not

00:49:26.960 because it is

00:49:28.000 adaptive for it to

00:49:29.280 have that color,

00:49:30.160 but it's because

00:49:31.340 it's a path

00:49:32.440 dependent

00:49:33.100 engineering

00:49:34.760 constraint, you

00:49:36.140 follow what I

00:49:36.440 mean?

00:49:36.780 Because of this

00:49:38.000 trajectory of

00:49:38.980 evolution, the

00:49:40.380 piggyback outcome

00:49:41.640 is that our

00:49:42.580 skeletal system

00:49:43.640 is that color.

00:49:44.820 So, it's not as

00:49:46.360 though all

00:49:47.620 evolutionary

00:49:48.640 psychologists and

00:49:49.600 evolutionary

00:49:49.960 biologists since

00:49:50.900 Darwin are just

00:49:52.540 these babbling

00:49:53.760 buffoons who

00:49:54.940 have no idea

00:49:56.000 about epistemology

00:49:57.400 and are

00:49:58.600 sitting, as I

00:50:00.160 said, you

00:50:00.640 know, sipping

00:50:01.200 cognac and

00:50:02.700 smoking a cigar

00:50:03.720 and pontificating.

00:50:04.900 On the contrary,

00:50:05.680 because we

00:50:07.580 realize the

00:50:09.000 onus that is

00:50:10.100 placed on us

00:50:11.080 and having the

00:50:12.060 audacity to

00:50:13.020 argue, yes, this

00:50:14.380 is definitive, it

00:50:15.760 is an adaptation,

00:50:17.300 we're that much

00:50:18.240 more judicious in

00:50:20.280 our collection of

00:50:21.100 data.

00:50:21.580 Does that make

00:50:22.320 sense?

00:50:24.580 Yeah, it does.

00:50:25.560 From our

00:50:26.120 philosophy of

00:50:26.780 science perspective,

00:50:27.700 we do actually

00:50:28.280 have problems

00:50:28.920 with astrophysics

00:50:30.340 and those things

00:50:30.980 that I'm saying,

00:50:31.860 so that's the

00:50:32.940 conversation that

00:50:33.900 we'd be having

00:50:34.400 there, but I

00:50:35.700 understand what

00:50:36.440 you're saying and

00:50:36.840 I think it's

00:50:37.280 correct in that

00:50:37.960 context.

00:50:38.860 Oh, thank you.

00:50:39.440 I appreciate you

00:50:39.980 saying that.

00:50:40.360 If you want, let

00:50:41.020 me get through

00:50:41.760 all the folks

00:50:42.520 who are, you

00:50:43.360 know, who

00:50:43.740 requested to

00:50:44.440 speak.

00:50:45.140 I'll go to

00:50:45.800 DRE next and

00:50:46.900 I think we've

00:50:47.680 got another

00:50:48.140 person, hold

00:50:48.840 on, we've got

00:50:49.960 Money Penny, I'm

00:50:51.520 going to give

00:50:51.900 her also speaking

00:50:53.060 privilege.

00:50:53.760 So DRE, or

00:50:55.540 is it DRE?

00:50:56.620 Do you want

00:50:56.920 to take it

00:50:57.500 away?

00:50:57.600 Yeah, it's DRE,

00:50:58.480 it's DRE, it's

00:50:58.840 my name.

00:50:59.800 Take it, take

00:51:00.520 it away.

00:51:01.560 No, it's a

00:51:03.280 study question.

00:51:05.360 Like I just

00:51:05.880 discovered you

00:51:06.600 and I just

00:51:07.300 discovered this

00:51:07.980 branch.

00:51:08.900 I've been

00:51:09.580 meditating for

00:51:10.480 like 25

00:51:11.180 years.

00:51:11.760 My experience

00:51:12.420 is basically,

00:51:13.900 yeah, I met

00:51:15.880 a lot of, say,

00:51:18.500 spiritual gurus

00:51:19.280 from the East,

00:51:21.700 but I never

00:51:22.980 found, I

00:51:23.700 just found

00:51:24.280 you and

00:51:25.140 therefore I

00:51:25.600 just found

00:51:26.000 discovered this

00:51:26.920 westerner framework

00:51:29.760 for something

00:51:31.000 that I was

00:51:32.340 dwelling in by

00:51:33.540 myself so I

00:51:34.420 want to know

00:51:35.360 how to study

00:51:36.300 more, how

00:51:36.820 to improve

00:51:37.320 it, if you

00:51:38.340 have a

00:51:38.880 suggestion or

00:51:39.620 some

00:51:40.280 resources that

00:51:40.880 I can study

00:51:41.620 more to

00:51:42.500 actually, you

00:51:43.080 know.

00:51:43.180 Oh, well,

00:51:44.040 first of all,

00:51:44.780 welcome.

00:51:45.120 I'm always

00:51:46.600 so excited

00:51:47.400 when a new

00:51:48.860 person discovers

00:51:50.400 the evolutionary

00:51:52.200 lens.

00:51:52.620 I always tell

00:51:53.460 my students,

00:51:53.960 the first day

00:51:54.440 they walk into

00:51:54.960 class, I say,

00:51:56.400 I guarantee

00:51:57.240 you, and I

00:51:59.160 say this without

00:51:59.740 being presumptuous,

00:52:00.740 I tell them,

00:52:01.500 I'm going to

00:52:02.480 blow your

00:52:03.200 minds because

00:52:03.800 until you are

00:52:05.500 exposed to the

00:52:06.680 evolutionary lens,

00:52:08.180 there are so

00:52:08.880 many phenomena

00:52:09.940 that would have

00:52:12.160 heretofore been

00:52:13.560 invisible to you.

00:52:14.700 And so the

00:52:15.600 evolutionary lens,

00:52:16.780 as I think I

00:52:18.100 might have

00:52:18.320 mentioned last

00:52:18.900 class, last

00:52:20.120 time we had

00:52:20.600 this X-spaces

00:52:21.380 session a couple

00:52:22.200 of weeks ago,

00:52:23.440 it's kind of

00:52:24.260 like if you

00:52:24.940 wanted to study

00:52:25.760 something at

00:52:26.460 the nano level,

00:52:28.380 you couldn't

00:52:29.640 until the

00:52:30.420 methodology allowed

00:52:31.760 you to have

00:52:32.360 electronic

00:52:33.000 microscopes to

00:52:34.020 see things that

00:52:34.900 otherwise you

00:52:35.980 wouldn't have

00:52:36.220 been able to

00:52:36.720 see.

00:52:37.240 Or similarly,

00:52:37.980 if you want to

00:52:38.680 study something

00:52:39.240 at the

00:52:39.580 cosmological

00:52:40.180 level, you

00:52:41.680 weren't able to

00:52:42.500 study it because

00:52:43.460 you didn't have

00:52:44.320 the problem

00:52:44.680 powerful telescopes

00:52:45.600 that would allow

00:52:46.380 you to study

00:52:47.700 those particular

00:52:48.480 distant galaxies.

00:52:49.920 And so in

00:52:50.320 those cases,

00:52:51.360 you had to

00:52:52.000 have advances

00:52:53.540 in methodologies

00:52:55.160 in order to

00:52:56.000 crack certain

00:52:56.800 phenomena that

00:52:57.620 would have

00:52:57.920 otherwise been

00:52:58.600 literally invisible

00:52:59.540 to you.

00:53:00.380 Well, evolutionary

00:53:01.400 theory does

00:53:02.360 exactly that to

00:53:03.420 you.

00:53:03.960 It allows you

00:53:05.020 to open up

00:53:06.140 a range of

00:53:07.180 phenomena and

00:53:08.920 suddenly now,

00:53:10.140 oh, you

00:53:10.600 understand why

00:53:11.680 when you were

00:53:12.360 12 and your

00:53:13.240 sibling were

00:53:13.780 15, they

00:53:14.980 were your

00:53:15.420 biggest enemy.

00:53:16.560 You understand

00:53:17.080 why you're

00:53:17.860 fighting for

00:53:19.140 the ridiculous

00:53:20.360 honor of

00:53:22.500 having the

00:53:23.160 corner office

00:53:24.040 with the

00:53:24.440 biggest windows.

00:53:25.640 You understand

00:53:26.300 why when you

00:53:27.700 are ovulating,

00:53:28.980 you're more

00:53:29.360 likely to wear

00:53:31.020 high heels.

00:53:33.060 And so it

00:53:33.760 becomes something

00:53:35.240 that the cat

00:53:36.020 is out of the

00:53:36.580 bag and you

00:53:37.640 can't unsee

00:53:38.700 it.

00:53:39.020 You start

00:53:39.640 able to see

00:53:40.600 things in a

00:53:41.200 completely

00:53:41.620 novel way.

00:53:42.800 So welcome

00:53:43.560 to the

00:53:44.100 evolution.

00:53:45.280 Go ahead.

00:53:46.400 It's like

00:53:47.340 a wide

00:53:49.160 open door

00:53:49.640 for me.

00:53:50.160 Like I

00:53:50.520 am already

00:53:51.920 there since

00:53:53.180 a lot of

00:53:55.060 years.

00:53:55.680 I just

00:53:55.900 didn't have

00:53:56.860 needed the

00:53:57.860 framework

00:53:58.740 and not

00:53:59.780 the language

00:54:01.880 to put it

00:54:02.920 because it

00:54:03.440 was in

00:54:05.240 all my

00:54:06.060 personal

00:54:07.360 meetings so

00:54:07.940 far and

00:54:08.440 I've been

00:54:08.940 I had a

00:54:09.940 very rich

00:54:10.480 life.

00:54:12.600 I'm not

00:54:13.220 bragging,

00:54:13.800 just it's

00:54:14.640 the first

00:54:14.940 time that

00:54:15.280 I actually

00:54:15.660 met a

00:54:18.020 teacher that

00:54:19.420 put my

00:54:20.860 experiences

00:54:21.560 into a

00:54:22.360 perspective

00:54:22.880 that only

00:54:23.580 me saw

00:54:25.220 and never

00:54:26.580 had a

00:54:28.300 confrontation

00:54:29.840 with.

00:54:30.880 So I

00:54:31.320 understand

00:54:31.720 what you're

00:54:32.080 saying.

00:54:33.740 Everything

00:54:34.420 that I

00:54:35.100 just

00:54:35.420 listened to

00:54:36.960 like 10

00:54:37.320 minutes,

00:54:38.100 the last

00:54:38.440 10 minutes

00:54:39.020 and you

00:54:39.780 actually

00:54:40.200 solved a

00:54:41.820 frustration

00:54:42.300 that I

00:54:42.680 carried for

00:54:43.140 35 years.

00:54:44.340 Oh, that's

00:54:45.040 amazing to

00:54:45.900 hear.

00:54:46.260 Thank you.

00:54:46.720 That's so

00:54:47.060 exciting.

00:54:47.620 Thank you.

00:54:48.100 Thank you.

00:54:49.000 I mean, I

00:54:50.080 solved it by

00:54:51.180 myself.

00:54:51.700 I accepted

00:54:52.300 it.

00:54:52.920 I never

00:54:53.580 found the

00:54:54.460 framework.

00:54:55.860 And I

00:54:57.020 never found

00:54:59.940 the framework.

00:55:00.960 Right.

00:55:01.320 So I just

00:55:02.640 want to get

00:55:03.520 more tools.

00:55:04.400 So let

00:55:04.840 me, you

00:55:05.360 asked, I

00:55:06.260 think you

00:55:06.640 asked me

00:55:07.200 what are

00:55:07.580 some

00:55:07.960 references

00:55:09.060 you can

00:55:09.540 read.

00:55:10.020 Did you

00:55:10.380 ask that?

00:55:10.900 Yes.

00:55:11.380 So let

00:55:11.780 me, okay,

00:55:13.280 so here's,

00:55:14.540 so we

00:55:17.080 can either

00:55:17.440 go the

00:55:17.840 book route

00:55:18.380 or actual

00:55:19.420 academic

00:55:19.940 papers.

00:55:20.460 What do

00:55:20.800 you prefer?

00:55:22.220 Academic.

00:55:23.000 Academic

00:55:23.500 papers.

00:55:24.000 So here's

00:55:24.400 what I

00:55:24.780 suggest.

00:55:25.340 So I

00:55:25.880 have posted

00:55:26.720 previously in

00:55:28.320 the subscriber

00:55:29.120 space several

00:55:30.580 classic academic

00:55:31.880 papers.

00:55:32.760 But so you

00:55:34.500 can go, I

00:55:35.000 don't know if

00:55:35.280 you can go

00:55:35.640 back far

00:55:36.220 enough in

00:55:36.660 the subscriber

00:55:37.460 only thread

00:55:38.220 to see it.

00:55:39.120 But I

00:55:39.480 can tell you

00:55:39.940 this, there

00:55:40.360 is, just

00:55:41.740 enter David

00:55:42.720 Buss on

00:55:43.920 Google

00:55:44.340 B-U-S-S.

00:55:47.140 He is one

00:55:47.760 of the, I

00:55:48.540 mean, because I

00:55:49.240 don't want to

00:55:50.020 just cite my

00:55:50.940 own papers and

00:55:51.860 so on, right?

00:55:52.440 I mean, so

00:55:54.260 just do David

00:55:55.120 Buss.

00:55:56.020 You can go to

00:55:56.820 around 1995,

00:55:59.440 19, and

00:56:00.880 because really

00:56:02.240 evolutionary

00:56:02.880 psychology as

00:56:04.060 a new

00:56:04.760 distinct

00:56:05.480 meta-framework

00:56:06.660 came into

00:56:07.780 being around

00:56:08.780 the late

00:56:09.300 80s.

00:56:10.180 So around

00:56:10.700 1995 is

00:56:12.440 when you

00:56:12.800 had many

00:56:13.680 of the

00:56:14.160 pioneers of

00:56:14.900 evolutionary

00:56:15.280 psychology.

00:56:16.180 So Lita

00:56:16.800 Cosmides,

00:56:17.840 John

00:56:18.100 Tooby,

00:56:19.300 David Buss.

00:56:21.080 So their

00:56:21.700 papers, or

00:56:22.860 so for

00:56:23.440 example, you

00:56:23.800 could look,

00:56:24.180 you could get

00:56:24.580 a book called

00:56:25.460 The Adapted

00:56:26.700 Mind, which

00:56:27.740 has a whole

00:56:28.600 bunch of

00:56:29.320 amazing

00:56:30.260 academic

00:56:30.800 papers from

00:56:31.460 1992.

00:56:32.740 I think that

00:56:33.340 would start

00:56:34.060 you off on

00:56:34.660 the right

00:56:34.960 track, and

00:56:35.440 then next

00:56:35.880 time we

00:56:36.260 have an

00:56:36.560 X Spaces,

00:56:37.880 you can ask

00:56:39.020 me for some

00:56:39.560 more references.

00:56:40.320 How does

00:56:40.520 that sound?

00:56:41.120 Absolutely.

00:56:41.920 You made me

00:56:42.920 so happy.

00:56:43.860 Oh, that's

00:56:45.680 wonderful.

00:56:46.260 Thank you so

00:56:47.540 much.

00:56:48.180 Let me go to

00:56:48.940 Moneypenny.

00:56:50.020 Take it away.

00:56:50.500 Hi.

00:56:52.440 Hi.

00:56:59.320 Oh, my

00:57:06.200 God.

00:57:07.460 Stop giving

00:57:08.220 me so many

00:57:08.780 compliments.

00:57:09.460 My ego is

00:57:10.020 already pretty

00:57:10.600 big.

00:57:11.120 It's not

00:57:11.560 going to fit

00:57:12.000 in this

00:57:12.280 house anymore.

00:57:12.960 I love

00:57:15.400 the

00:57:15.700 enthusiasm

00:57:16.420 of the

00:57:16.800 American

00:57:17.200 because

00:57:17.700 basically

00:57:18.140 the

00:57:18.620 culture

00:57:19.440 is

00:57:19.780 50

00:57:20.420 distance

00:57:20.780 from

00:57:21.060 that

00:57:21.280 of

00:57:21.420 the

00:57:21.540 British

00:57:21.860 because

00:57:22.160 I

00:57:22.300 think

00:57:22.560 that

00:57:22.800 in

00:57:22.960 itself

00:57:23.340 is

00:57:23.560 something

00:57:23.800 you

00:57:24.060 should

00:57:24.220 be

00:57:24.460 considering

00:57:25.100 writing

00:57:25.500 about.

00:57:26.100 It's about

00:57:26.460 certainly

00:57:26.840 myself.

00:57:27.960 I have

00:57:28.600 so many

00:57:29.100 best questions

00:57:29.720 for you

00:57:30.140 but I want

00:57:30.540 you to

00:57:30.760 steal it.

00:57:31.260 Otherwise

00:57:31.440 I'll take

00:57:31.860 up a

00:57:32.080 whole

00:57:32.260 show.

00:57:33.360 I have

00:57:34.080 six

00:57:34.440 pounds

00:57:34.820 worth

00:57:35.140 because

00:57:35.320 I've

00:57:35.480 just

00:57:35.620 paid

00:57:35.880 six

00:57:36.180 pounds

00:57:36.560 to

00:57:36.800 your

00:57:36.960 attention.

00:57:37.860 Well,

00:57:38.060 all right.

00:57:38.400 Take it

00:57:38.640 away.

00:57:38.900 Give

00:57:39.040 me

00:57:39.160 your

00:57:39.340 best

00:57:39.640 question.

00:57:41.460 Okay.

00:57:43.200 Well,

00:57:43.800 my best

00:57:44.200 question.

00:57:44.740 I want

00:57:44.980 to talk

00:57:45.240 to you

00:57:45.400 about

00:57:45.620 implicit

00:57:46.020 order,

00:57:46.500 sacred

00:57:46.800 geometry,

00:57:47.480 non-human

00:57:47.860 intellectual,

00:57:48.620 biological,

00:57:49.260 physiological

00:57:49.740 evolution

00:57:50.380 compared to

00:57:50.980 evolutionary

00:57:51.400 behaviors.

00:57:52.480 But I

00:57:52.800 most importantly

00:57:54.140 want to

00:57:54.600 know

00:57:54.900 in the

00:57:55.480 word

00:57:55.700 evolution,

00:57:56.900 you have

00:57:57.320 evolutionary

00:57:58.120 behavioral

00:57:58.680 science.

00:57:59.380 Evolution

00:57:59.860 suggests

00:58:00.800 momentum

00:58:01.460 and

00:58:02.080 suggests

00:58:02.640 a

00:58:03.560 change

00:58:04.180 of

00:58:04.320 direction

00:58:04.820 or

00:58:05.120 an

00:58:05.280 increase

00:58:05.920 of

00:58:06.140 interaction

00:58:06.660 necessarily

00:58:07.580 positive

00:58:08.140 normally

00:58:08.660 the

00:58:09.040 word

00:58:09.280 evolution

00:58:09.760 suggests

00:58:10.240 a

00:58:10.440 positive

00:58:10.720 thing.

00:58:11.560 So

00:58:11.720 how

00:58:12.200 the

00:58:12.520 behavior

00:58:13.020 of

00:58:13.620 the

00:58:13.780 human

00:58:14.100 who

00:58:14.300 I

00:58:14.440 think

00:58:14.620 is

00:58:14.760 specifically

00:58:15.240 the

00:58:16.160 creature

00:58:16.520 with

00:58:16.800 which

00:58:17.120 you

00:58:17.340 are

00:58:17.500 studying

00:58:17.900 has

00:58:18.760 it

00:58:18.920 evolved

00:58:19.420 in a

00:58:19.820 positive

00:58:20.200 way

00:58:20.720 because

00:58:21.200 evolution

00:58:21.780 suggests

00:58:22.400 it

00:58:22.700 is

00:58:22.860 doing

00:58:23.120 so

00:58:23.540 and

00:58:24.420 if

00:58:24.780 it

00:58:24.960 is

00:58:25.160 evolution

00:58:25.840 free

00:58:26.300 and

00:58:26.860 if

00:58:27.060 it

00:58:27.200 is

00:58:27.420 down

00:58:27.860 to

00:58:28.120 behavior

00:58:28.740 how

00:58:29.340 do

00:58:29.540 you

00:58:29.700 rationalize

00:58:30.460 the

00:58:30.660 change

00:58:31.140 in

00:58:31.540 the

00:58:32.300 ability

00:58:32.780 of

00:58:33.080 the

00:58:33.240 brain

00:58:33.540 the

00:58:33.780 size

00:58:34.040 of

00:58:34.200 the

00:58:34.340 brain

00:58:34.640 the

00:58:34.920 degenerative

00:58:35.960 size

00:58:36.400 and

00:58:36.620 master

00:58:37.040 the

00:58:37.280 brain

00:58:37.660 to

00:58:38.440 keep

00:58:38.980 a

00:58:39.120 constant

00:58:39.600 with

00:58:40.200 behavioral

00:58:40.780 science

00:58:41.580 oh

00:58:42.200 boy

00:58:42.460 that's

00:58:42.740 a

00:58:42.860 mouthful

00:58:43.320 you

00:58:43.480 got

00:58:43.620 right

00:58:43.800 there

00:58:44.020 okay

00:58:45.220 let me

00:58:45.520 just

00:58:45.740 focus

00:58:46.080 maybe

00:58:46.320 on

00:58:46.560 one

00:58:46.920 part

00:58:47.340 of

00:58:47.460 it

00:58:47.580 because

00:58:47.860 any

00:58:48.320 part

00:58:49.500 we

00:58:49.740 can

00:58:49.900 go

00:58:50.120 off

00:58:50.420 for

00:58:50.640 the

00:58:51.000 next

00:58:51.200 40

00:58:51.500 minutes

00:58:51.800 so

00:58:53.160 evolution

00:58:55.100 in the

00:58:55.660 way

00:58:55.900 you

00:58:56.220 used

00:58:56.680 it

00:58:56.860 is

00:58:57.120 not

00:58:57.340 the

00:58:57.540 way

00:58:57.700 it's

00:58:57.940 typically

00:58:58.280 used

00:58:58.500 so

00:58:58.620 it's

00:58:58.780 not

00:58:59.040 that

00:58:59.340 evolution

00:59:00.080 goes

00:59:00.780 on

00:59:01.060 a

00:59:01.240 trajectory

00:59:01.840 that

00:59:02.940 leads

00:59:03.460 to

00:59:03.700 some

00:59:04.100 final

00:59:04.880 goal

00:59:05.480 that

00:59:05.740 is

00:59:05.940 positive

00:59:06.440 right

00:59:06.800 because

00:59:07.160 as I

00:59:07.980 mentioned

00:59:08.400 in the

00:59:08.960 general

00:59:09.520 X

00:59:09.880 spaces

00:59:10.260 evolution

00:59:11.620 also

00:59:12.040 explains

00:59:12.680 why

00:59:13.020 we

00:59:13.260 covet

00:59:13.620 evolution

00:59:14.740 also

00:59:15.080 explains

00:59:15.520 why

00:59:15.820 we

00:59:16.060 rape

00:59:16.460 evolution

00:59:16.980 also

00:59:17.340 explains

00:59:17.860 why

00:59:18.160 we

00:59:18.360 commit

00:59:18.640 child

00:59:19.060 abuse

00:59:19.460 while

00:59:20.080 we

00:59:20.320 cheat

00:59:20.700 on

00:59:20.920 our

00:59:21.100 spouses

00:59:21.520 so

00:59:22.340 there

00:59:23.280 isn't

00:59:23.820 a

00:59:24.220 moral

00:59:25.240 positive

00:59:26.100 quality

00:59:26.880 to the

00:59:27.360 term

00:59:27.660 evolution

00:59:28.260 all

00:59:28.880 that

00:59:29.100 we

00:59:29.280 mean

00:59:29.560 by

00:59:29.780 evolution

00:59:30.400 is

00:59:31.160 that

00:59:31.500 there

00:59:32.040 are

00:59:32.280 selection

00:59:32.920 pressures

00:59:33.520 that

00:59:34.420 cause

00:59:35.200 some

00:59:35.740 behavior

00:59:36.440 to

00:59:37.120 become

00:59:37.480 part

00:59:38.000 of

00:59:38.280 the

00:59:38.500 genotype

00:59:39.020 of

00:59:39.640 the

00:59:39.820 repertoire

00:59:40.240 of the

00:59:40.700 human

00:59:40.900 condition

00:59:41.320 you

00:59:41.520 follow

00:59:41.740 what

00:59:41.860 I

00:59:41.960 mean

00:59:42.140 so

00:59:42.580 that

00:59:42.820 could

00:59:42.960 be

00:59:43.100 negative

00:59:43.460 it

00:59:43.660 could

00:59:43.800 be

00:59:43.960 positive

00:59:44.380 there

00:59:44.640 is

00:59:44.800 no

00:59:45.140 sort

00:59:45.700 of

00:59:45.880 moral

00:59:46.840 quality

00:59:47.940 to

00:59:48.220 it

00:59:48.740 exactly

00:59:54.300 okay

00:59:55.140 so

00:59:55.340 we

00:59:55.480 agree

00:59:55.880 there

00:59:56.120 so

00:59:56.540 let

00:59:56.740 me

00:59:56.860 maybe

00:59:57.180 put

00:59:57.480 it

00:59:57.620 in

00:59:57.820 a

00:59:58.100 very

00:59:58.880 concrete

00:59:59.740 way

01:00:00.120 because

01:00:00.420 sometimes

01:00:00.980 by just

01:00:01.620 giving

01:00:01.860 an

01:00:02.080 actual

01:00:02.540 example

01:00:03.140 it

01:00:03.500 kind

01:00:03.880 of

01:00:04.100 solves

01:00:04.660 the

01:00:04.900 philosophizing

01:00:05.760 so

01:00:06.540 take

01:00:06.840 for

01:00:07.040 example

01:00:07.560 the

01:00:08.360 fact

01:00:08.880 that

01:00:09.180 while

01:00:09.640 both

01:00:10.480 men

01:00:11.240 and

01:00:11.480 women

01:00:11.860 are

01:00:12.620 sexually

01:00:13.240 territorial

01:00:13.980 meaning

01:00:14.660 that

01:00:14.960 we

01:00:15.200 don't

01:00:15.760 like

01:00:16.080 the

01:00:16.260 idea

01:00:16.740 of

01:00:17.700 sharing

01:00:18.400 our

01:00:18.960 partners

01:00:20.140 with

01:00:21.200 someone

01:00:21.440 else

01:00:21.820 there

01:00:22.820 is

01:00:23.060 a

01:00:23.360 much

01:00:23.920 more

01:00:25.420 certainly

01:00:27.480 violent

01:00:28.220 reaction

01:00:28.980 when

01:00:30.820 a

01:00:31.280 woman

01:00:31.780 either

01:00:33.260 cheats

01:00:33.700 on

01:00:33.880 a

01:00:34.020 man

01:00:34.280 or

01:00:34.600 is

01:00:34.940 suspected

01:00:35.540 of

01:00:35.820 cheating

01:00:36.060 on

01:00:36.200 a

01:00:36.280 man

01:00:36.380 so

01:00:36.600 to

01:00:37.200 go

01:00:37.580 back

01:00:37.860 to

01:00:38.120 a

01:00:38.480 comment

01:00:38.780 that

01:00:39.000 I

01:00:39.140 made

01:00:39.460 in the

01:00:39.840 general

01:00:40.200 session

01:00:40.640 prior to

01:00:41.240 our

01:00:41.520 subscriber

01:00:42.140 only

01:00:42.440 session

01:00:42.840 where

01:00:43.320 I

01:00:43.420 was

01:00:43.580 talking

01:00:43.940 about

01:00:44.400 the

01:00:45.000 book

01:00:45.260 Homicide

01:00:45.980 that

01:00:46.440 looked

01:00:46.980 at

01:00:47.200 patterns

01:00:47.620 of

01:00:47.800 criminality

01:00:48.400 from

01:00:49.500 an

01:00:49.800 evolutionary

01:00:50.320 perspective

01:00:50.840 it turns

01:00:51.660 out

01:00:51.880 that

01:00:52.040 the

01:00:52.380 most

01:00:53.760 dangerous

01:00:54.340 person

01:00:55.100 in a

01:00:55.500 woman's

01:00:55.900 life

01:00:56.220 throughout

01:00:56.500 all of

01:00:57.200 recorded

01:00:57.580 history

01:00:58.080 across

01:00:58.520 every

01:00:58.980 known

01:00:59.240 culture

01:00:59.620 that's

01:00:59.860 ever

01:01:00.020 been

01:01:00.180 studied

01:01:00.540 is

01:01:01.220 not

01:01:01.500 the

01:01:01.740 serial

01:01:02.100 killer

01:01:02.460 that

01:01:02.820 lies

01:01:03.180 in

01:01:03.360 wait

01:01:03.680 in

01:01:03.940 the

01:01:04.100 bushes

01:01:04.340 it's

01:01:05.140 her

01:01:05.320 long-term

01:01:05.800 partner

01:01:06.220 right

01:01:06.580 it's

01:01:06.780 her

01:01:06.900 husband

01:01:07.260 by

01:01:07.880 far

01:01:08.460 that

01:01:08.700 is

01:01:08.820 the

01:01:08.980 most

01:01:09.160 dangerous

01:01:09.560 person

01:01:10.040 in

01:01:10.200 a

01:01:10.300 woman's

01:01:10.660 life

01:01:11.380 and

01:01:11.960 it

01:01:12.080 doesn't

01:01:12.280 matter

01:01:12.500 whether

01:01:12.740 it's

01:01:13.040 8,000

01:01:13.560 years ago

01:01:14.040 or 8,000

01:01:14.760 years from

01:01:15.140 now

01:01:15.380 or it's

01:01:15.740 the

01:01:20.840 the

01:01:21.080 case

01:01:21.340 that

01:01:21.680 usually

01:01:22.220 it's

01:01:22.640 her

01:01:22.800 long-term

01:01:23.180 partner

01:01:23.560 and

01:01:24.200 the

01:01:24.440 reason

01:01:24.880 why

01:01:25.400 he

01:01:27.360 becomes

01:01:27.960 so

01:01:28.280 violent

01:01:28.740 is

01:01:29.120 usually

01:01:29.440 because

01:01:29.900 of

01:01:30.340 either

01:01:31.020 suspected

01:01:31.700 or

01:01:32.460 realized

01:01:33.200 infidelity

01:01:33.820 so

01:01:34.140 then

01:01:34.360 an

01:01:34.620 evolutionist

01:01:35.380 would

01:01:35.540 come

01:01:35.740 along

01:01:36.020 and

01:01:36.240 say

01:01:36.520 okay

01:01:37.400 so

01:01:38.100 what

01:01:38.520 would

01:01:38.880 be

01:01:39.280 the

01:01:40.240 evolutionary

01:01:41.040 reason

01:01:41.840 for

01:01:42.700 men

01:01:43.280 to

01:01:43.820 have

01:01:44.080 evolved

01:01:44.720 the

01:01:45.220 emotional

01:01:46.100 cognitive

01:01:47.200 and

01:01:48.040 behavioral

01:01:48.780 systems

01:01:49.680 to

01:01:50.300 be

01:01:50.660 so

01:01:51.560 unforgiving

01:01:52.940 of

01:01:53.440 you know

01:01:54.720 adultery

01:01:55.260 do you

01:01:56.180 know the

01:01:56.680 answer to

01:01:57.100 that

01:01:57.300 money

01:01:57.500 penny

01:01:57.740 or

01:01:57.940 anybody

01:01:58.180 else

01:01:58.640 but

01:02:13.920 why

01:02:14.200 why

01:02:14.540 is it

01:02:14.840 so

01:02:15.000 important

01:02:15.440 that

01:02:15.800 that

01:02:16.220 that

01:02:16.600 I

01:02:16.820 view

01:02:17.220 my

01:02:17.600 long-term

01:02:18.040 partner

01:02:18.420 as

01:02:18.840 my

01:02:19.360 sexual

01:02:19.940 territory

01:02:20.540 why

01:02:20.940 why

01:02:21.320 though

01:02:21.580 what's

01:02:22.440 the

01:02:22.640 because

01:02:23.840 it's

01:02:24.100 the

01:02:24.240 legacy

01:02:24.580 like

01:02:25.040 it's

01:02:25.780 like

01:02:26.020 it's

01:02:26.540 the

01:02:26.620 heritage

01:02:26.960 that

01:02:27.320 you

01:02:27.460 carry

01:02:27.640 within

01:02:27.960 your

01:02:28.160 blood

01:02:28.500 that

01:02:28.980 needs

01:02:30.300 to

01:02:30.480 pass

01:02:30.700 to

01:02:30.880 the

01:02:31.020 other

01:02:31.200 to

01:02:31.520 the

01:02:32.060 female

01:02:32.280 partner

01:02:32.720 and

01:02:32.980 therefore

01:02:33.220 you

01:02:33.500 lose

01:02:33.900 your

01:02:35.400 biological

01:02:35.840 trace

01:02:36.280 into

01:02:36.500 the

01:02:36.640 world

01:02:36.860 like

01:02:37.160 you

01:02:37.260 don't

01:02:37.420 participate

01:02:37.820 in

01:02:38.040 evolution

01:02:38.420 okay

01:02:38.880 so

01:02:39.040 let

01:02:39.200 me

01:02:39.340 let

01:02:39.540 me

01:02:39.680 summarize

01:02:39.980 what

01:02:40.320 you

01:02:40.460 guys

01:02:40.680 have

01:02:40.820 said

01:02:41.100 and

01:02:41.280 I'll

01:02:41.480 just

01:02:41.920 put

01:02:42.180 specific

01:02:42.940 words

01:02:43.500 because

01:02:44.860 neither

01:02:45.120 of you

01:02:45.400 specifically

01:02:45.960 said

01:02:46.260 them

01:02:46.460 there

01:02:46.920 is

01:02:47.180 no

01:02:47.340 such

01:02:47.700 thing

01:02:48.100 as

01:02:48.640 maternity

01:02:49.260 uncertainty

01:02:49.920 but

01:02:50.820 boy

01:02:51.260 there

01:02:51.500 is

01:02:51.680 such

01:02:51.900 a

01:02:52.060 thing

01:02:52.260 as

01:02:52.460 paternity

01:02:52.960 uncertainty

01:02:53.500 now

01:02:54.100 paternity

01:02:54.640 uncertainty

01:02:55.140 doesn't

01:02:55.800 matter

01:02:56.220 if

01:02:56.840 the

01:02:57.060 species

01:02:57.540 is

01:02:57.900 not

01:02:58.120 bi-parental

01:02:58.960 but

01:02:59.580 human

01:03:00.200 beings

01:03:00.680 are

01:03:00.940 actually

01:03:01.380 classified

01:03:02.180 as a

01:03:02.780 bi-parental

01:03:03.380 species

01:03:03.760 meaning

01:03:04.220 that

01:03:04.840 human

01:03:05.260 males

01:03:05.700 are

01:03:05.960 actually

01:03:06.400 super

01:03:06.860 dads

01:03:07.200 when

01:03:07.420 it

01:03:07.540 comes

01:03:07.780 to

01:03:08.020 other

01:03:08.460 mammalian

01:03:08.920 species

01:03:09.160 we

01:03:09.400 really

01:03:09.680 we

01:03:10.120 do

01:03:10.320 much

01:03:10.640 more

01:03:10.960 than

01:03:11.160 simply

01:03:11.620 provide

01:03:12.760 spermatozoa

01:03:15.100 it's not

01:03:15.560 just the

01:03:15.940 act of

01:03:16.300 copulation

01:03:16.780 that we

01:03:17.080 provide

01:03:17.380 we

01:03:17.760 actually

01:03:18.140 invest

01:03:18.760 heavily

01:03:19.220 in

01:03:19.440 our

01:03:19.580 children

01:03:19.860 maybe

01:03:20.280 not

01:03:20.500 as

01:03:20.660 much

01:03:20.860 as

01:03:21.040 mothers

01:03:21.360 but

01:03:21.860 we're

01:03:22.100 very

01:03:22.480 heavily

01:03:23.000 vested

01:03:23.420 so

01:03:24.000 it

01:03:24.180 wouldn't

01:03:24.520 make

01:03:24.780 sense

01:03:25.220 that

01:03:25.840 your

01:03:26.380 ancestors

01:03:27.100 and

01:03:27.560 mine

01:03:27.960 at

01:03:28.240 least

01:03:28.400 the

01:03:29.240 male

01:03:29.560 ancestors

01:03:30.100 would

01:03:30.740 have

01:03:30.880 been

01:03:31.080 completely

01:03:31.600 okay

01:03:32.120 with

01:03:32.640 their

01:03:32.900 women

01:03:33.340 philandering

01:03:35.700 going

01:03:35.940 to

01:03:36.100 be

01:03:36.240 spending

01:03:36.560 the

01:03:36.760 next

01:03:36.960 18

01:03:37.380 years

01:03:37.720 of

01:03:37.880 my

01:03:38.100 life

01:03:38.500 investing

01:03:39.260 very

01:03:39.660 heavily

01:03:40.000 in

01:03:40.280 children

01:03:40.640 that

01:03:41.280 look

01:03:41.580 like

01:03:41.860 the

01:03:42.120 sexy

01:03:42.500 gardener

01:03:43.120 who

01:03:43.260 comes

01:03:43.580 to

01:03:43.900 do

01:03:44.780 our

01:03:44.980 bushes

01:03:45.360 I

01:03:46.520 mean

01:03:46.700 either

01:03:47.080 literally

01:03:47.480 or

01:03:47.720 metaphorically

01:03:48.340 right

01:03:48.620 and

01:03:49.140 therefore

01:03:49.640 I've

01:03:50.560 evolved

01:03:51.200 the

01:03:51.700 very

01:03:52.040 unforgiving

01:03:52.800 attitude

01:03:53.320 of being

01:03:54.020 very

01:03:54.360 sexually

01:03:54.820 territorial

01:03:55.460 so

01:03:55.760 this

01:03:56.060 by the

01:03:56.340 way

01:03:56.460 is an

01:03:56.700 example

01:03:57.100 of how

01:03:57.620 the

01:03:58.160 fact

01:03:58.420 that

01:03:58.600 I

01:03:58.740 explain

01:03:59.400 why

01:03:59.760 men

01:04:00.040 are

01:04:00.320 sexually

01:04:00.720 territorial

01:04:01.280 doesn't

01:04:01.660 mean

01:04:01.840 that

01:04:02.040 I'm

01:04:02.260 condoning

01:04:02.980 you know

01:04:05.700 that

01:04:05.820 we

01:04:05.980 know

01:04:06.220 for

01:04:06.420 example

01:04:06.840 that

01:04:07.460 if

01:04:08.100 a

01:04:08.300 woman

01:04:08.540 cheats

01:04:09.040 on

01:04:09.320 a

01:04:09.520 man

01:04:09.920 it's

01:04:10.900 about

01:04:11.140 a

01:04:11.340 90%

01:04:12.180 chance

01:04:13.080 that

01:04:13.660 this

01:04:13.940 will

01:04:14.160 end

01:04:14.560 the

01:04:14.980 marriage

01:04:15.380 in

01:04:15.820 other

01:04:16.000 words

01:04:16.260 it

01:04:16.880 is

01:04:17.080 an

01:04:17.300 absolute

01:04:17.960 near

01:04:18.660 fatal

01:04:19.560 death

01:04:20.540 to

01:04:21.180 the

01:04:21.360 relationship

01:04:21.840 you

01:04:22.060 can't

01:04:22.400 come

01:04:22.560 back

01:04:22.740 from

01:04:22.920 that

01:04:23.180 on

01:04:23.740 the

01:04:23.920 other

01:04:24.220 hand

01:04:24.660 when

01:04:25.240 a

01:04:25.560 man

01:04:26.420 cheats

01:04:26.880 on

01:04:27.120 a

01:04:27.320 woman

01:04:27.620 it's

01:04:28.860 only

01:04:29.100 about

01:04:29.420 30%

01:04:30.600 likely

01:04:31.400 that

01:04:32.160 the

01:04:32.360 death

01:04:32.720 of

01:04:33.320 the

01:04:33.440 relationship

01:04:33.940 so

01:04:34.500 when

01:04:34.720 I

01:04:34.880 ask

01:04:35.260 let's

01:04:35.480 say

01:04:35.600 my

01:04:35.760 students

01:04:36.080 well

01:04:36.300 why

01:04:36.680 before

01:04:37.380 they

01:04:37.600 know

01:04:37.740 anything

01:04:37.980 about

01:04:38.180 evolutionary

01:04:38.480 theory

01:04:38.820 well

01:04:39.300 why

01:04:39.760 would

01:04:39.960 this

01:04:40.140 be

01:04:40.280 the

01:04:40.420 case

01:04:40.580 why

01:04:40.860 is

01:04:41.020 there

01:04:41.140 this

01:04:41.340 sex

01:04:41.540 difference

01:04:41.860 so

01:04:42.380 usually

01:04:42.860 they'll

01:04:43.180 give

01:04:43.420 all sorts

01:04:43.940 of

01:04:44.120 proximate

01:04:44.600 answers

01:04:45.040 like

01:04:45.380 well

01:04:46.000 it's

01:04:46.260 because

01:04:46.580 women

01:04:47.100 are

01:04:47.520 more

01:04:48.040 forgiving

01:04:48.640 oh

01:04:49.260 well

01:04:49.660 it's

01:04:50.000 because

01:04:50.400 men

01:04:51.200 have

01:04:51.740 a

01:04:51.960 more

01:04:52.680 fragile

01:04:53.220 ego

01:04:53.740 well

01:04:54.260 these

01:04:54.680 things

01:04:55.020 might

01:04:55.300 be

01:04:55.540 true

01:04:55.940 but

01:04:56.460 they're

01:04:56.680 only

01:04:56.920 true

01:04:57.200 at

01:04:57.360 the

01:04:57.520 proximate

01:04:58.040 level

01:04:58.400 the

01:04:58.660 ultimate

01:04:59.120 level

01:04:59.540 is

01:05:00.000 that

01:05:00.540 men

01:05:05.480 men

01:05:05.840 to

01:05:06.040 be

01:05:06.220 very

01:05:06.660 unforgiving

01:05:07.340 of

01:05:07.620 that

01:05:07.800 behavior

01:05:08.200 so

01:05:08.580 just

01:05:09.060 understanding

01:05:10.160 that

01:05:10.680 my

01:05:11.260 god

01:05:11.720 it

01:05:12.060 opens

01:05:12.640 up

01:05:12.980 all

01:05:13.320 sorts

01:05:13.800 of

01:05:13.960 explanations

01:05:14.580 for

01:05:15.320 all

01:05:15.700 of

01:05:15.880 these

01:05:16.120 sex

01:05:16.460 differences

01:05:17.040 that

01:05:17.360 we

01:05:17.520 see

01:05:17.800 between

01:05:18.100 men

01:05:18.320 and

01:05:18.460 women

01:05:18.680 and

01:05:19.260 by

01:05:19.400 the

01:05:19.460 way

01:05:19.540 that's

01:05:19.740 another

01:05:19.960 reason

01:05:20.300 why

01:05:20.600 social

01:05:21.020 constructivists

01:05:22.020 hate

01:05:22.640 evolutionary

01:05:23.160 theory

01:05:23.580 because

01:05:23.880 social

01:05:24.160 constructivists

01:05:24.940 are

01:05:25.620 social

01:05:26.400 scientists

01:05:26.900 who

01:05:27.220 think

01:05:27.500 that

01:05:27.700 everything

01:05:28.120 is

01:05:28.360 due

01:05:28.480 to

01:05:28.600 a

01:05:28.720 social

01:05:28.940 construction

01:05:29.440 which

01:05:30.360 is

01:05:30.520 pure

01:05:30.720 bullshit

01:05:31.080 right

01:05:31.380 I

01:05:31.480 mean

01:05:31.600 of

01:05:31.800 course

01:05:35.480 takes

01:05:35.800 place

01:05:36.220 in

01:05:36.400 its

01:05:36.600 form

01:05:36.960 because

01:05:37.540 of

01:05:37.920 biology

01:05:38.540 not

01:05:39.220 in

01:05:39.580 lieu

01:05:40.560 of

01:05:40.820 biology

01:05:41.340 so

01:05:42.140 there

01:05:42.320 you

01:05:42.440 have

01:05:42.600 it

01:05:42.740 did

01:05:42.900 you

01:05:43.520 have

01:05:43.640 anything

01:05:43.860 else

01:05:44.140 you want

01:05:44.340 me to

01:05:44.500 answer

01:05:44.740 money

01:05:44.960 penny

01:05:45.240 say

01:05:49.500 again

01:05:49.860 oh

01:05:52.280 yes

01:05:52.680 so

01:05:56.480 so

01:05:57.340 gender

01:05:57.840 dysphoria

01:05:58.620 the way

01:05:59.860 that I

01:06:00.240 would

01:06:00.440 explain

01:06:00.960 it

01:06:01.240 is

01:06:01.600 that

01:06:02.000 during

01:06:02.800 the

01:06:03.120 so

01:06:03.960 there

01:06:04.440 is

01:06:04.720 no

01:06:05.100 and

01:06:05.840 so

01:06:06.300 actually

01:06:07.080 to

01:06:07.340 Zara's

01:06:07.980 point

01:06:08.340 remember

01:06:08.680 when

01:06:08.840 he

01:06:08.960 earlier

01:06:09.260 he

01:06:09.460 said

01:06:09.620 well

01:06:09.800 is

01:06:10.300 there

01:06:10.540 any

01:06:10.860 species

01:06:11.380 that

01:06:11.840 could

01:06:12.100 you

01:06:12.540 know

01:06:12.680 exist

01:06:13.160 that

01:06:13.400 is

01:06:13.600 not

01:06:13.800 due

01:06:13.960 to

01:06:14.100 evolution

01:06:14.520 well

01:06:14.920 so

01:06:15.800 there

01:06:16.900 isn't

01:06:17.280 a

01:06:17.520 species

01:06:18.000 that

01:06:18.440 is

01:06:18.580 outside

01:06:18.940 the

01:06:19.280 purview

01:06:19.600 of

01:06:19.820 evolution

01:06:20.300 but

01:06:21.040 there

01:06:21.300 are

01:06:21.600 phenomena

01:06:22.340 within

01:06:23.500 a

01:06:23.780 species

01:06:24.280 that

01:06:25.000 are

01:06:25.200 outside

01:06:25.820 the

01:06:26.100 purview

01:06:26.520 of

01:06:27.000 an

01:06:27.160 adaptive

01:06:27.600 argument

01:06:28.160 so

01:06:28.580 what

01:06:28.740 do

01:06:28.840 I

01:06:28.920 mean

01:06:29.060 by

01:06:29.200 that

01:06:29.340 that's

01:06:29.560 a

01:06:29.680 mouthful

01:06:29.980 so

01:06:30.120 let

01:06:30.240 me

01:06:30.340 explain

01:06:30.640 when

01:06:33.000 when

01:06:33.520 the

01:06:33.900 human

01:06:34.280 brain

01:06:35.940 is being

01:06:36.480 sex

01:06:36.940 type

01:06:37.360 okay

01:06:38.320 ontogenetically

01:06:40.200 developmentally

01:06:41.300 there is a

01:06:42.400 whole cascade

01:06:43.360 of programs

01:06:44.800 that are being

01:06:45.660 run

01:06:46.020 for that

01:06:46.720 sex

01:06:47.100 typing

01:06:47.540 to work

01:06:48.600 that

01:06:50.140 sex

01:06:50.580 typing

01:06:51.120 can go

01:06:52.580 awry

01:06:53.280 now

01:06:53.740 people

01:06:54.660 don't like

01:06:55.240 to hear

01:06:55.620 that

01:06:55.900 because

01:06:56.180 now

01:06:56.540 in

01:06:56.740 today's

01:06:57.140 political

01:06:57.480 correct

01:06:58.000 world

01:06:59.060 are you

01:07:00.500 saying

01:07:01.060 are you

01:07:01.640 saying

01:07:02.080 you

01:07:02.340 disgusting

01:07:03.100 transphobe

01:07:04.080 that it

01:07:04.760 is

01:07:04.960 abnormal

01:07:05.660 to

01:07:06.100 you know

01:07:06.920 be

01:07:07.780 gender

01:07:08.360 dysphoric

01:07:08.960 well

01:07:09.820 from a

01:07:10.660 Darwinian

01:07:11.400 sexual

01:07:12.140 reproduction

01:07:12.800 perspective

01:07:13.480 yes

01:07:14.100 it is

01:07:14.580 abnormal

01:07:15.040 that's

01:07:15.740 why

01:07:15.980 until

01:07:16.360 14

01:07:16.920 seconds

01:07:17.320 ago

01:07:17.680 it

01:07:18.220 was

01:07:18.440 classified

01:07:19.180 as a

01:07:20.280 psychiatric

01:07:20.800 disorder

01:07:21.380 right

01:07:21.720 now

01:07:22.160 we

01:07:22.360 have

01:07:22.620 to

01:07:22.780 all

01:07:23.060 celebrate

01:07:23.780 it

01:07:24.020 and

01:07:24.480 or

01:07:24.700 giastically

01:07:25.360 self-flagellate

01:07:26.420 whenever

01:07:26.720 someone

01:07:27.120 says

01:07:27.540 I

01:07:28.180 have

01:07:28.420 a

01:07:28.560 nine

01:07:28.780 inch

01:07:29.580 penis

01:07:29.920 but

01:07:30.300 I'm

01:07:30.480 a

01:07:30.640 woman

01:07:30.900 and

01:07:31.540 we

01:07:31.680 have

01:07:31.840 to

01:07:31.960 say

01:07:32.160 well

01:07:32.420 of

01:07:32.640 course

01:07:32.960 you

01:07:33.160 could

01:07:33.340 enter

01:07:33.760 with

01:07:34.260 my

01:07:34.540 eight

01:07:34.880 year old

01:07:35.280 daughter

01:07:35.620 and

01:07:35.860 take

01:07:36.080 showers

01:07:36.480 with

01:07:36.660 her

01:07:36.800 because

01:07:37.020 you're

01:07:37.240 both

01:07:37.540 just

01:07:37.900 little

01:07:38.220 girls

01:07:38.700 one

01:07:39.420 of

01:07:39.600 you

01:07:39.760 happens

01:07:40.140 to

01:07:40.360 be

01:07:40.520 a

01:07:40.700 six

01:07:40.980 foot

01:07:41.220 two

01:07:41.580 280

01:07:42.440 pound

01:07:42.980 biological

01:07:43.900 male

01:07:44.540 with

01:07:45.420 a

01:07:45.560 nine

01:07:45.780 inch

01:07:45.980 penis

01:07:46.400 but

01:07:47.120 you

01:07:47.400 say

01:07:47.740 you're

01:07:48.020 a

01:07:48.180 woman

01:07:48.420 therefore

01:07:49.120 that's

01:07:49.880 it

01:07:50.120 you're

01:07:50.460 a

01:07:50.660 woman

01:07:50.940 right

01:07:51.380 but

01:07:51.920 of

01:07:52.120 course

01:07:52.400 that's

01:07:52.900 pure

01:07:53.080 not

01:07:53.280 and

01:07:53.420 by

01:07:53.520 the

01:07:53.580 way

01:07:53.680 I'm

01:07:53.900 not

01:07:54.120 denigrating

01:07:54.660 the fact

01:07:55.080 that

01:07:55.300 gender

01:07:55.520 dysphoria

01:07:55.960 truly

01:07:56.380 does

01:07:56.740 exist

01:07:57.100 but

01:07:57.800 it

01:07:58.100 is

01:07:58.360 a

01:07:59.120 problem

01:07:59.680 of

01:08:00.060 sex

01:08:00.520 typing

01:08:00.920 so

01:08:01.140 there

01:08:01.380 is

01:08:01.640 no

01:08:01.960 evolutionary

01:08:03.120 argument

01:08:04.040 for

01:08:04.760 why

01:08:05.320 gender

01:08:06.260 dysphoria

01:08:06.840 exists

01:08:07.540 it's

01:08:08.240 just

01:08:08.580 shit

01:08:09.200 happens

01:08:09.880 right

01:08:10.380 and

01:08:10.900 so

01:08:11.200 of

01:08:11.740 course

01:08:12.120 transgender

01:08:13.640 people

01:08:14.160 should be

01:08:14.580 treated

01:08:14.920 with full

01:08:15.420 dignity

01:08:15.840 of

01:08:16.480 course

01:08:16.820 they

01:08:17.260 should

01:08:17.500 be

01:08:17.700 free

01:08:18.120 of

01:08:18.780 you

01:08:19.740 know

01:08:19.880 institutionalized

01:08:20.860 bigotry

01:08:21.400 but

01:08:21.920 to

01:08:22.180 argue

01:08:22.660 that

01:08:23.360 it

01:08:23.580 is

01:08:23.780 just

01:08:24.180 a

01:08:24.680 natural

01:08:25.800 part

01:08:26.460 of

01:08:26.760 the

01:08:26.940 full

01:08:27.360 richness

01:08:27.820 of

01:08:28.180 spectrum

01:08:28.780 of

01:08:29.560 the

01:08:29.920 default

01:08:30.420 value

01:08:30.860 of

01:08:31.080 humanity

01:08:31.600 bullshit

01:08:32.300 right

01:08:32.960 sexually

01:08:34.640 reproducing

01:08:35.420 species

01:08:35.920 come in

01:08:36.720 two

01:08:36.960 phenotypes

01:08:37.620 they're

01:08:38.200 called

01:08:38.540 male

01:08:39.060 and

01:08:39.580 female

01:08:40.100 and

01:08:40.940 stating

01:08:41.560 that

01:08:42.020 exactly

01:08:42.880 to the

01:08:43.300 point

01:08:43.500 that

01:08:43.680 I

01:08:43.780 made

01:08:44.000 in

01:08:44.140 the

01:08:44.320 X

01:08:44.600 spaces

01:08:45.040 stating

01:08:45.800 that

01:08:46.200 doesn't

01:08:46.860 mean

01:08:47.180 that

01:08:47.680 transgender

01:08:48.180 people

01:08:48.680 don't

01:08:49.040 exist

01:08:49.440 but

01:08:49.840 it

01:08:49.980 certainly

01:08:50.340 doesn't

01:08:50.840 mean

01:08:51.140 that

01:08:51.680 sex

01:08:52.140 and

01:08:52.440 gender

01:08:52.780 comes

01:08:53.180 on

01:08:53.400 a

01:08:53.560 spectrum

01:08:53.920 there

01:08:54.560 you

01:08:54.680 have

01:08:54.880 it

01:08:55.300 anybody

01:08:55.860 else

01:08:56.260 have

01:08:56.480 any

01:08:56.640 questions

01:08:57.040 or

01:08:57.260 comments

01:08:57.600 for me

01:08:58.020 I need

01:08:59.020 to ask

01:08:59.320 a quick

01:08:59.720 question

01:09:00.200 an Alan

01:09:00.700 Bloom type

01:09:01.240 question

01:09:01.660 from you

01:09:02.080 here

01:09:02.320 number nine

01:09:04.160 seems like

01:09:04.720 the stupidest

01:09:05.400 objection

01:09:05.860 to me

01:09:06.500 generalization

01:09:08.500 is a kind

01:09:09.140 of thinking

01:09:09.660 I totally

01:09:10.600 understand

01:09:10.960 what you

01:09:11.200 mean

01:09:11.360 about

01:09:11.580 people

01:09:11.880 raise

01:09:12.180 their hand

01:09:12.560 with one

01:09:12.980 counter

01:09:13.980 example

01:09:14.500 my question

01:09:15.420 to you

01:09:15.680 is this

01:09:16.060 10 years

01:09:16.980 ago

01:09:17.240 15 years

01:09:18.020 ago

01:09:18.220 20 years

01:09:18.920 ago

01:09:19.240 the likelihood

01:09:20.320 of a

01:09:20.840 student

01:09:21.100 making that

01:09:21.780 stupid

01:09:22.160 objection

01:09:22.700 was it

01:09:23.600 as high

01:09:24.200 as it

01:09:24.480 is today

01:09:25.060 or am I

01:09:26.240 detecting

01:09:26.720 something like

01:09:27.520 we're all

01:09:28.080 losing our

01:09:28.640 goddamn

01:09:28.980 I would love

01:09:30.880 to be able

01:09:31.860 to tell you

01:09:32.640 that the

01:09:33.380 rate of

01:09:34.280 succumbing

01:09:34.780 to that

01:09:35.340 fallacy

01:09:36.060 has decreased

01:09:37.560 but the

01:09:38.780 capacity

01:09:39.960 for human

01:09:41.040 stupidity

01:09:41.960 is endless

01:09:42.860 and limitless

01:09:43.720 as our

01:09:44.700 good friend

01:09:45.280 Albert Einstein

01:09:46.000 I don't know

01:09:46.640 if it's an

01:09:47.020 actual quote

01:09:47.500 but you

01:09:47.720 remember the

01:09:48.040 quote of

01:09:48.560 what is it

01:09:49.240 there are

01:09:49.540 two things

01:09:50.700 that are

01:09:51.020 infinite

01:09:51.360 what is it

01:09:51.820 the cosmos

01:09:52.420 and human

01:09:53.440 stupidity

01:09:54.000 or something

01:09:54.240 like that

01:09:54.520 am I getting

01:09:55.360 the quote

01:09:55.740 right

01:09:56.020 why would

01:10:08.500 you think

01:10:08.820 it would

01:10:09.080 go up

01:10:09.640 what's the

01:10:10.260 mechanism

01:10:10.680 no it's

01:10:11.400 just based

01:10:11.840 on observation

01:10:12.600 I just

01:10:13.160 think that

01:10:13.620 our culture

01:10:14.680 is losing

01:10:15.220 its ability

01:10:15.820 to reason

01:10:16.340 our reasoning

01:10:17.100 capacity

01:10:17.580 is going

01:10:18.000 in the

01:10:18.580 wrong

01:10:18.860 direction

01:10:19.380 but I

01:10:20.260 wanted to

01:10:20.720 know

01:10:20.920 is that

01:10:21.240 your

01:10:21.400 experience

01:10:22.000 with that

01:10:22.380 one

01:10:22.620 question

01:10:23.120 or is it

01:10:24.060 basically

01:10:24.480 just as

01:10:25.020 steady

01:10:25.300 no it's

01:10:26.020 a steady

01:10:26.440 you know

01:10:26.740 why

01:10:26.920 because I

01:10:27.440 think

01:10:27.800 the human

01:10:28.420 mind

01:10:28.860 it's

01:10:29.400 that

01:10:30.200 obstacle

01:10:31.040 and it's

01:10:31.540 like I

01:10:32.240 understand

01:10:32.760 when you

01:10:33.140 said that's

01:10:33.800 the stupidest

01:10:34.500 one to

01:10:35.100 you know

01:10:35.520 that to

01:10:35.960 to levy

01:10:36.860 the number

01:10:37.280 nine

01:10:37.600 but in

01:10:38.740 reality

01:10:39.360 it's one

01:10:40.240 that's very

01:10:40.820 difficult

01:10:41.360 I mean

01:10:41.840 you can

01:10:42.280 overcome

01:10:42.760 it

01:10:43.060 that you

01:10:43.440 explain it

01:10:44.160 but it's

01:10:44.900 one that's

01:10:45.540 so easy

01:10:46.060 to succumb

01:10:46.740 to

01:10:47.000 because it

01:10:48.060 is an

01:10:48.380 inherent

01:10:48.760 feature

01:10:49.320 of the

01:10:49.860 architecture

01:10:50.340 of the

01:10:50.680 human

01:10:50.860 mind

01:10:51.140 right

01:10:51.320 the human

01:10:52.040 mind

01:10:52.520 sees

01:10:53.340 singular

01:10:54.260 exemplars

01:10:55.280 informing its

01:10:56.640 reality

01:10:57.220 do you

01:10:57.540 understand

01:10:57.780 what I'm

01:10:58.040 saying

01:10:58.300 so

01:10:59.000 so

01:10:59.600 so it

01:11:00.520 doesn't

01:11:00.920 so we're

01:11:01.540 not

01:11:01.880 intuitive

01:11:02.840 statisticians

01:11:04.460 we're not

01:11:05.300 intuitive

01:11:06.060 you know

01:11:07.100 normal

01:11:07.900 distribution

01:11:08.760 curve

01:11:09.320 people

01:11:10.300 right

01:11:10.600 you have

01:11:11.280 to study

01:11:12.100 that

01:11:12.540 to understand

01:11:13.620 that reality

01:11:14.320 so for

01:11:14.740 most of

01:11:15.300 us

01:11:15.560 you know

01:11:16.740 I see

01:11:17.700 an exemplar

01:11:18.760 and that

01:11:19.660 becomes

01:11:20.380 the way

01:11:21.100 by which

01:11:21.560 I view

01:11:21.840 and so

01:11:22.140 let me

01:11:22.400 let me

01:11:23.040 this may

01:11:23.880 not be

01:11:24.260 exactly

01:11:24.720 related

01:11:25.140 but I

01:11:25.640 think you

01:11:26.080 appreciate

01:11:26.720 what I'm

01:11:28.160 trying to

01:11:28.780 analogize

01:11:29.680 here

01:11:29.900 this is

01:11:30.780 actually

01:11:31.200 an example

01:11:32.020 that I

01:11:32.460 used

01:11:33.000 against

01:11:33.740 my good

01:11:34.480 friend

01:11:34.740 Jordan

01:11:35.080 Peterson

01:11:35.500 when he

01:11:36.340 was arguing

01:11:37.020 for Jungian

01:11:38.220 synchronicity

01:11:39.280 and I

01:11:40.400 was telling

01:11:41.220 him

01:11:41.540 politely

01:11:42.140 that it's

01:11:42.880 a bunch

01:11:43.280 of shite

01:11:43.860 and so

01:11:45.460 I gave

01:11:45.840 him this

01:11:46.160 explanation

01:11:46.760 for that

01:11:48.260 so let me

01:11:48.720 try to

01:11:49.560 break it

01:11:49.880 down for

01:11:50.160 you

01:11:50.320 so there's

01:11:51.220 something in

01:11:51.800 psychology of

01:11:52.620 decision making

01:11:53.260 called the

01:11:54.240 cell A

01:11:54.940 bias

01:11:55.520 and let me

01:11:56.800 explain what

01:11:57.220 that means

01:11:57.620 it's actually

01:11:58.980 incredibly profound

01:11:59.920 because it

01:12:00.360 really speaks

01:12:00.960 to why

01:12:02.340 it is that

01:12:03.040 human minds

01:12:03.760 can so

01:12:04.440 predictably

01:12:05.640 succumb to

01:12:06.340 all of these

01:12:06.860 cognitive errors

01:12:07.920 okay

01:12:08.220 if I say

01:12:09.660 to you

01:12:10.120 you know

01:12:10.920 it's

01:12:11.180 unbelievable

01:12:12.200 Zara

01:12:12.680 every time

01:12:14.160 I'm in

01:12:14.600 the shower

01:12:15.220 the phone

01:12:16.360 rings

01:12:16.760 right

01:12:17.720 now

01:12:18.820 and

01:12:19.320 and my

01:12:20.480 brain

01:12:20.960 has actually

01:12:22.120 calculated

01:12:23.480 that yes

01:12:24.860 that really

01:12:25.520 seems to be

01:12:26.180 the case

01:12:26.680 that there

01:12:27.320 is some

01:12:27.680 kind of

01:12:28.060 statistical

01:12:28.540 perversion

01:12:29.280 in the

01:12:29.640 universe

01:12:30.040 whereby

01:12:30.660 somehow

01:12:31.360 every time

01:12:32.120 I enter

01:12:32.700 the shower

01:12:33.520 the phone

01:12:34.200 rings

01:12:34.480 now here

01:12:35.860 is why

01:12:36.460 this is

01:12:37.900 completely

01:12:38.440 false

01:12:38.900 but why

01:12:39.500 it's so

01:12:39.940 easy for

01:12:40.400 us to

01:12:40.640 make that

01:12:40.960 mistake

01:12:41.360 actually

01:12:43.080 the space

01:12:44.640 of possible

01:12:45.720 events

01:12:46.260 it's a

01:12:46.980 two-by-two

01:12:47.560 matrix

01:12:48.100 the phone

01:12:49.920 can ring

01:12:50.680 or not

01:12:51.560 and I

01:12:53.160 could be

01:12:53.740 taking a

01:12:54.340 shower

01:12:54.740 or not

01:12:55.820 you follow

01:12:56.440 are you

01:12:56.900 with me

01:12:57.160 so far

01:12:57.480 Zara

01:12:57.760 right

01:12:58.840 so now

01:13:00.960 what happens

01:13:01.760 to my

01:13:02.180 brain

01:13:02.620 the reason

01:13:03.120 why it's

01:13:03.480 called

01:13:03.700 cell A

01:13:04.360 bias

01:13:04.740 because

01:13:05.800 my

01:13:06.380 brain

01:13:07.000 only

01:13:07.720 codes

01:13:08.480 the

01:13:09.220 occurrences

01:13:10.120 where

01:13:11.000 the

01:13:11.260 phone

01:13:11.820 rings

01:13:12.480 and I'm

01:13:13.500 in the

01:13:13.860 shower

01:13:14.300 the three

01:13:15.460 other

01:13:15.900 cells

01:13:16.580 don't

01:13:17.820 get

01:13:18.120 coded

01:13:18.580 because

01:13:19.600 they're

01:13:19.960 non-events

01:13:20.900 in terms

01:13:21.660 of alerting

01:13:22.260 my brain

01:13:22.800 and therefore

01:13:23.740 I

01:13:24.780 overestimate

01:13:26.300 the probability

01:13:27.700 that every

01:13:29.480 time I

01:13:30.140 goddamn get

01:13:30.920 into the

01:13:31.260 shower

01:13:31.540 the phone

01:13:32.000 rings

01:13:32.420 and so

01:13:33.440 so so

01:13:34.780 this is a

01:13:35.440 long

01:13:35.760 long roundabout

01:13:37.580 way of

01:13:38.220 answering your

01:13:38.880 earlier question

01:13:39.640 which is

01:13:40.300 it's an

01:13:41.260 endemic

01:13:41.980 flaw

01:13:42.940 of the

01:13:43.740 architecture

01:13:44.400 of the

01:13:44.940 human mind

01:13:45.620 to succumb

01:13:46.360 to number

01:13:46.880 nine

01:13:47.360 it just

01:13:48.640 always happens

01:13:49.940 every class

01:13:51.000 yes sir

01:14:00.420 okay fine

01:14:01.840 I mean

01:14:02.420 look

01:14:02.900 generalization

01:14:03.700 is almost

01:14:04.340 a different

01:14:05.320 process than

01:14:06.020 that confirmation

01:14:06.860 bias right

01:14:07.760 I mean it's

01:14:08.140 like you're

01:14:09.380 seeing

01:14:10.000 okay never

01:14:11.400 mind I'm

01:14:11.800 glad I'm

01:14:12.280 optimistic to

01:14:13.080 hear that

01:14:13.460 although I

01:14:15.160 I mean to

01:14:15.820 your point I

01:14:16.680 did write the

01:14:17.500 parasitic mind

01:14:18.600 which speaks to

01:14:19.820 your more

01:14:20.260 general point

01:14:21.060 which is we

01:14:22.000 are facing a

01:14:23.420 unique epidemic

01:14:24.960 of parasitized

01:14:26.540 minds it may

01:14:27.280 not be of the

01:14:28.260 variety of

01:14:29.320 point number

01:14:30.720 nine that I

01:14:31.360 mentioned but

01:14:32.280 there is a

01:14:32.780 whole slew of

01:14:33.900 other parasitic

01:14:35.020 ideas that

01:14:35.780 people are

01:14:36.320 succumbing to

01:14:37.060 at an

01:14:37.720 increasing rate

01:14:38.540 so so your

01:14:39.460 point does

01:14:40.460 apply longitudinally

01:14:42.280 to other

01:14:43.480 parasitic

01:14:44.520 obstacles just

01:14:45.940 not that

01:14:46.580 particular one

01:14:47.300 I just

01:14:48.220 didn't remember

01:14:48.920 people I

01:14:50.160 mean not

01:14:51.300 understanding

01:14:51.920 what generalization

01:14:52.940 is and thinking

01:14:53.780 it's a fallacy

01:14:54.680 when it's actually

01:14:55.440 a thinking

01:14:55.860 process right

01:14:57.000 but apparently

01:14:58.320 all right cool

01:14:59.560 thank you so

01:15:00.160 much money

01:15:00.740 penny did you

01:15:01.240 have your hand

01:15:01.700 up or you

01:15:02.100 just didn't

01:15:02.460 bring it down

01:15:02.900 from us

01:15:03.220 now

01:15:03.400 I will stand

01:15:07.100 in mind for

01:15:07.700 other people

01:15:08.120 but I don't

01:15:08.560 know who else

01:15:08.980 had their

01:15:09.300 hand

01:15:09.500 first of all

01:15:11.380 I really feel

01:15:12.360 empathy for you

01:15:13.520 that you

01:15:14.040 constantly have

01:15:14.680 to give us

01:15:15.140 a disclaimer

01:15:15.760 of not wanting

01:15:16.520 to offend

01:15:17.020 people

01:15:17.580 because I

01:15:18.240 hope that

01:15:18.700 everybody in

01:15:19.240 this space

01:15:19.680 knows you

01:15:20.260 well enough

01:15:20.680 and I

01:15:20.940 understand

01:15:21.240 this subject

01:15:21.880 realizes that

01:15:24.060 you're not

01:15:24.420 trying to cause

01:15:25.000 any offense

01:15:25.540 by saying

01:15:26.040 something

01:15:26.420 that might

01:15:27.380 in normal

01:15:28.580 life outside

01:15:29.300 of this

01:15:29.620 scientific

01:15:30.040 community

01:15:30.800 be perceived

01:15:31.740 as being

01:15:32.320 anti-sexual

01:15:34.280 or anti-gender

01:15:35.340 or anti-whatever

01:15:36.660 the weird thing

01:15:37.320 is that the

01:15:38.160 world is coming

01:15:38.760 up with at

01:15:39.260 the moment

01:15:39.600 I really feel

01:15:41.180 for you

01:15:41.540 that you

01:15:41.940 constantly

01:15:42.360 have that

01:15:42.800 explained

01:15:43.220 thank you

01:15:44.320 hopefully your

01:15:45.780 subscribers

01:15:46.320 will be

01:15:47.560 understanding

01:15:48.200 enough that

01:15:48.920 you wouldn't

01:15:49.660 have to do

01:15:50.120 that all the

01:15:50.520 time

01:15:50.860 but it

01:15:51.180 must be

01:15:51.560 hard

01:15:51.820 especially

01:15:53.040 because of

01:15:53.400 the stupidity

01:15:54.640 going on

01:15:55.080 in the world

01:15:55.840 additional

01:15:56.820 stupidity

01:15:57.600 I think

01:15:57.980 we're all

01:15:59.340 growing

01:15:59.760 adept

01:16:00.540 being able

01:16:01.240 to hang

01:16:01.620 onto a

01:16:02.160 virtual world

01:16:03.000 of

01:16:03.780 instagramers

01:16:04.760 and celebrities

01:16:05.380 that do

01:16:05.880 nothing other

01:16:06.420 than get

01:16:07.040 you know

01:16:07.480 made

01:16:07.780 impediments

01:16:09.880 because they

01:16:10.800 are

01:16:11.240 you know

01:16:11.680 whatever they

01:16:12.160 are

01:16:12.380 all right

01:16:13.300 I'll start

01:16:13.680 rambling

01:16:14.080 oh

01:16:14.580 yeah go

01:16:15.640 ahead

01:16:15.780 can you

01:16:17.240 speak a bit

01:16:17.740 closer to

01:16:18.300 the thing

01:16:19.100 I'm having

01:16:19.740 a hard time

01:16:20.140 hearing you

01:16:20.820 oh that's

01:16:25.060 much better

01:16:25.460 yes

01:16:25.780 oh good

01:16:26.440 oh good good

01:16:26.740 I've got a

01:16:27.420 new iphone

01:16:28.140 I've never

01:16:28.460 used iphone

01:16:29.020 I've been

01:16:29.280 on android

01:16:29.780 for 20

01:16:30.240 years

01:16:30.520 and I

01:16:30.740 don't even

01:16:31.080 know how

01:16:31.300 to work

01:16:31.580 this bloody

01:16:31.980 thing

01:16:32.280 I'm more

01:16:33.760 of a

01:16:33.980 biologist

01:16:34.440 in terms

01:16:35.220 of scientific

01:16:36.360 awareness

01:16:37.220 although I

01:16:37.680 do follow

01:16:38.500 all the

01:16:38.900 sciences

01:16:39.320 what I'm

01:16:40.980 fascinated in

01:16:41.740 in terms

01:16:42.280 of evolutionary

01:16:43.000 psychology

01:16:43.760 is how

01:16:45.140 we can

01:16:45.680 match that

01:16:46.500 alongside

01:16:47.360 an evolutionary

01:16:49.360 physiological

01:16:50.960 change

01:16:52.020 particularly

01:16:52.880 in the

01:16:54.340 human brain

01:16:55.760 and that's

01:16:57.280 not the

01:16:57.580 only organ

01:16:58.420 because there

01:16:59.340 are other

01:16:59.760 organs that

01:17:00.640 dictate gender

01:17:02.440 dysphoria

01:17:03.020 the vomeronasal

01:17:04.440 organ which is

01:17:05.140 an organ some

01:17:06.140 people have never

01:17:06.660 heard of that

01:17:07.360 humans have in

01:17:08.500 the upper part

01:17:09.120 of their palate

01:17:09.780 that dictates

01:17:11.340 pheromones and

01:17:12.220 dictates the

01:17:12.900 human desire to

01:17:14.200 reproduce and

01:17:15.240 the human desire

01:17:16.320 to want to be

01:17:17.620 a certain gender

01:17:18.440 before we've even

01:17:19.240 got into

01:17:19.840 sexuality

01:17:20.500 that is

01:17:22.020 evolving

01:17:22.540 the human

01:17:23.040 body is

01:17:23.700 evolving in

01:17:24.400 terms of

01:17:24.860 the cellular

01:17:25.660 makeup the

01:17:26.420 physiological

01:17:26.980 makeup of

01:17:28.120 the brain

01:17:28.680 the cellular

01:17:29.260 parts of the

01:17:29.980 brain and

01:17:30.780 even the

01:17:31.240 parts of the

01:17:31.840 cells themselves

01:17:32.660 so how do

01:17:33.900 we how do

01:17:34.740 we put that

01:17:35.300 alongside

01:17:36.040 evolutionary

01:17:37.200 psychology

01:17:37.980 because neither

01:17:38.720 is a constant

01:17:39.500 to judge one

01:17:40.740 against the

01:17:41.220 other

01:17:41.480 so I'm not

01:17:43.720 exactly sure

01:17:44.460 how to answer

01:17:44.940 that because I

01:17:45.420 can't exactly

01:17:46.540 pinpoint your

01:17:47.060 question so if

01:17:47.900 you mean

01:17:48.520 are you

01:17:50.200 saying when

01:17:50.760 you're saying

01:17:51.140 our brain

01:17:51.760 power is

01:17:52.400 changing and

01:17:53.760 our emotional

01:17:54.980 stability and

01:17:56.480 volatility is

01:17:57.720 changing do

01:17:58.620 you mean within

01:17:59.240 the lifespan of

01:18:00.600 a single

01:18:01.100 individual or

01:18:02.200 do you mean

01:18:02.840 across the

01:18:03.880 species as

01:18:04.520 well okay so

01:18:08.540 I don't know if

01:18:09.540 what I'm going

01:18:10.000 to answer is

01:18:10.560 going to

01:18:10.840 satisfy your

01:18:11.740 question but

01:18:12.420 let me maybe

01:18:13.300 address it in

01:18:13.900 this it may

01:18:14.680 be oblique or

01:18:15.380 maybe not so

01:18:16.300 what I'm

01:18:19.700 hearing in

01:18:20.180 your question

01:18:20.780 is in a

01:18:22.000 sense it's

01:18:22.540 about the

01:18:23.100 the rate of

01:18:24.160 evolutionary

01:18:24.820 change okay so

01:18:26.260 in other words

01:18:26.800 the fact that

01:18:29.040 we have 10

01:18:29.940 fingers now

01:18:30.840 has become

01:18:32.180 what's called

01:18:33.000 a fixed

01:18:33.500 trait in

01:18:34.600 other words

01:18:34.980 not that

01:18:35.700 theoretically

01:18:36.340 speaking we

01:18:37.760 can't have

01:18:38.980 some future

01:18:40.060 where it would

01:18:40.940 be adaptive for

01:18:41.920 us to have

01:18:42.560 11 traits

01:18:43.620 but it is

01:18:44.520 now a

01:18:45.440 fixed trait

01:18:46.460 that if

01:18:47.260 you're born

01:18:47.940 with anything

01:18:48.820 other than

01:18:49.660 10 fingers

01:18:50.400 that would

01:18:51.380 be a

01:18:52.360 developmental

01:18:52.860 anomaly that's

01:18:54.080 why when a

01:18:54.620 child is born

01:18:55.520 usually the

01:18:56.540 nurse the

01:18:56.980 first thing

01:18:57.400 that he or

01:18:57.920 she does is

01:18:58.600 they count the

01:18:59.320 number of

01:18:59.840 toes and

01:19:00.240 fingers because

01:19:01.060 it is understood

01:19:01.820 that that's a

01:19:02.540 fixed trait okay

01:19:03.460 so many traits

01:19:06.160 that typically

01:19:07.060 evolutionists talk

01:19:09.360 about are

01:19:10.460 fixed in that

01:19:11.600 way albeit

01:19:12.560 some are

01:19:13.920 more prone

01:19:14.880 to evolutionary

01:19:16.000 change than

01:19:16.820 others so

01:19:17.360 for example

01:19:18.000 my proclivity

01:19:20.400 to synthesize

01:19:21.680 lactose could

01:19:23.220 actually be

01:19:24.200 selected out

01:19:25.280 or selected

01:19:26.060 for within

01:19:27.140 just a few

01:19:27.920 generations

01:19:28.600 but on the

01:19:30.240 other hand

01:19:30.820 whether I

01:19:31.820 evolve a

01:19:32.740 third eye

01:19:33.620 or an

01:19:34.460 11th finger

01:19:35.500 it's going

01:19:36.440 to take a

01:19:37.200 hell of a

01:19:37.720 lot longer

01:19:38.380 for that

01:19:39.460 prospective

01:19:40.220 change to

01:19:41.000 take place

01:19:41.600 you understand

01:19:42.460 what I'm

01:19:42.720 saying

01:19:42.940 so I'm

01:19:44.620 not sure

01:19:45.060 if that

01:19:45.380 answers your

01:19:45.920 question

01:19:46.300 but you'd

01:19:47.180 have to

01:19:47.620 tell me

01:19:48.080 exactly

01:19:49.080 which

01:19:49.720 specific

01:19:50.380 trait

01:19:50.840 you're

01:19:51.180 talking

01:19:51.500 about

01:19:51.860 and then

01:19:52.740 I'd be

01:19:53.080 able to

01:19:53.600 maybe

01:19:53.960 surmise

01:19:54.700 whether that

01:19:55.680 particular

01:19:56.220 trait

01:19:56.780 is open

01:19:57.880 for rapid

01:19:58.840 evolutionary

01:19:59.420 change or

01:20:00.020 not

01:20:00.280 does that

01:20:00.600 make sense

01:20:00.980 it does

01:20:02.320 it does

01:20:02.340 and I

01:20:02.620 apologize

01:20:03.020 I have

01:20:03.420 not been

01:20:03.780 more

01:20:04.160 specific

01:20:04.640 so let

01:20:05.680 me be

01:20:06.020 specific

01:20:06.500 men are

01:20:08.980 now being

01:20:10.400 born and

01:20:11.700 are more

01:20:12.560 likely to

01:20:13.320 have less

01:20:14.500 reproductive

01:20:16.280 ability

01:20:16.940 lower sperm

01:20:18.040 count

01:20:18.420 lower testosterone

01:20:19.880 lower what we

01:20:21.960 would require

01:20:22.780 in a

01:20:23.700 reproductive

01:20:24.420 sense to

01:20:25.360 make them

01:20:25.900 male

01:20:26.320 less male

01:20:27.420 in a

01:20:27.940 generic sense

01:20:28.800 at a big

01:20:29.360 generic macro

01:20:30.220 sense

01:20:30.760 women

01:20:31.640 equally

01:20:32.800 are more

01:20:34.020 predisposed

01:20:35.080 now to

01:20:36.120 take on

01:20:36.860 what we

01:20:38.000 have regarded

01:20:38.820 in society

01:20:39.780 as a male

01:20:40.640 characteristic

01:20:41.640 the survival

01:20:42.980 of the species

01:20:43.740 the woman

01:20:44.300 living alone

01:20:45.100 the single

01:20:45.740 parent

01:20:46.320 but a lot

01:20:47.260 of that

01:20:47.620 is because

01:20:48.200 there has

01:20:48.580 been a

01:20:48.940 change

01:20:49.900 in the

01:20:50.520 hormonal

01:20:51.480 and the

01:20:52.720 reproductive

01:20:53.760 physiological

01:20:54.840 part

01:20:56.240 of a man

01:20:57.140 and a

01:20:57.560 woman

01:20:57.760 we are

01:20:58.200 seeing

01:20:58.400 animals

01:20:58.780 being born

01:20:59.300 without a

01:20:59.700 Y chromosome

01:21:00.320 it's not

01:21:01.940 that far

01:21:02.420 away from

01:21:02.920 a man

01:21:03.480 a human

01:21:04.380 being born

01:21:05.080 without a

01:21:05.680 Y chromosome

01:21:06.300 so that

01:21:07.180 physiological

01:21:07.860 change

01:21:08.980 is surely

01:21:10.420 going to

01:21:11.020 have an

01:21:11.380 impact

01:21:11.720 or already

01:21:12.360 is

01:21:12.900 on evolutionary

01:21:14.100 psychology

01:21:14.800 yes

01:21:16.480 okay so now

01:21:17.300 I understand

01:21:17.760 a bit better

01:21:18.220 your question

01:21:18.700 although

01:21:20.160 it will

01:21:21.000 take a

01:21:22.040 lot more

01:21:23.000 of the

01:21:23.820 current

01:21:24.620 environment

01:21:25.440 for that

01:21:27.000 to manifest

01:21:27.800 itself

01:21:28.700 in fixed

01:21:30.080 trait

01:21:30.660 changes

01:21:31.400 in male

01:21:32.280 and female

01:21:32.740 psychology

01:21:33.320 do you

01:21:33.600 follow what

01:21:33.860 I'm saying

01:21:34.080 so example

01:21:34.780 let me give

01:21:35.260 you a great

01:21:35.840 example

01:21:36.260 that links

01:21:37.020 back to

01:21:37.440 our earlier

01:21:37.980 question

01:21:38.540 about paternity

01:21:39.660 uncertainty

01:21:40.280 right

01:21:40.740 so today

01:21:42.260 we have

01:21:43.820 DNA

01:21:44.480 paternity

01:21:45.420 testing

01:21:46.000 correct

01:21:46.540 so

01:21:47.480 so

01:21:48.340 theoretically

01:21:49.260 the

01:21:50.380 threat

01:21:51.640 of paternity

01:21:52.840 uncertainty

01:21:53.700 have been

01:21:54.900 has been

01:21:55.780 environmentally

01:21:56.580 solved

01:21:57.580 like in

01:21:57.960 other words

01:21:58.260 I don't

01:21:59.020 need to

01:21:59.540 be

01:22:00.580 concerned

01:22:02.060 about

01:22:02.800 whether

01:22:03.300 the child

01:22:03.940 is mine

01:22:04.520 or not

01:22:05.040 because I

01:22:05.480 just have

01:22:06.020 to take

01:22:06.500 a follicle

01:22:07.380 of their

01:22:07.760 hair

01:22:08.080 and put

01:22:09.100 a DNA

01:22:09.600 paternity

01:22:10.160 test

01:22:10.500 and I

01:22:10.780 could know

01:22:11.200 if my

01:22:12.000 daughter

01:22:12.300 is really

01:22:12.760 my daughter

01:22:13.280 notwithstanding

01:22:15.100 that

01:22:15.840 environmental

01:22:16.620 change

01:22:17.640 men

01:22:18.980 have

01:22:19.440 not

01:22:19.840 selected

01:22:20.440 out

01:22:21.020 all

01:22:21.840 of

01:22:22.040 the

01:22:22.220 behavioral

01:22:22.940 cognitive

01:22:23.740 and

01:22:24.160 emotional

01:22:24.740 systems

01:22:25.480 that

01:22:26.200 were

01:22:26.460 meant

01:22:26.760 to

01:22:27.040 solve

01:22:27.380 the

01:22:27.600 problem

01:22:28.020 of

01:22:28.240 paternity

01:22:28.700 uncertainty

01:22:29.320 you follow

01:22:29.780 what I

01:22:29.920 mean

01:22:30.060 because

01:22:30.760 my

01:22:32.200 sexual

01:22:32.960 jealousy

01:22:33.660 is

01:22:34.780 an

01:22:35.200 adaptive

01:22:35.980 solution

01:22:36.720 to an

01:22:37.760 evolutionary

01:22:38.360 problem

01:22:39.140 that

01:22:39.900 was

01:22:40.260 recurring

01:22:40.840 in my

01:22:41.400 evolutionary

01:22:41.980 past

01:22:42.500 it's

01:22:42.820 going

01:22:43.020 to

01:22:43.280 take

01:22:43.640 a lot

01:22:44.500 longer

01:22:45.100 for me

01:22:45.960 to select

01:22:46.560 that out

01:22:47.080 so let

01:22:47.380 me

01:22:47.440 give

01:22:47.580 you

01:22:47.660 another

01:22:47.920 example

01:22:48.440 with

01:22:48.740 a

01:22:48.900 physical

01:22:49.500 trait

01:22:49.940 mole

01:22:50.920 rats

01:22:51.480 who

01:22:52.820 live

01:22:53.080 underground

01:22:53.780 have

01:22:54.780 now

01:22:55.260 had

01:22:56.080 their

01:22:56.500 eyesight

01:22:57.200 selected

01:22:57.940 out

01:22:58.340 they

01:22:58.780 no

01:22:59.080 longer

01:22:59.620 have

01:23:00.180 eyes

01:23:01.280 they

01:23:01.660 don't

01:23:02.060 need

01:23:02.460 eyes

01:23:02.860 but

01:23:03.500 it

01:23:03.720 took

01:23:04.020 a

01:23:04.400 very

01:23:04.880 long

01:23:05.420 evolutionary

01:23:06.380 process

01:23:07.060 for them

01:23:07.880 to lose

01:23:08.340 those

01:23:08.540 so

01:23:08.840 what

01:23:09.480 you're

01:23:09.780 suggesting

01:23:10.300 about

01:23:10.800 there

01:23:11.320 are

01:23:11.520 now

01:23:11.840 environmental

01:23:12.920 factors

01:23:13.720 that

01:23:14.020 are

01:23:14.160 making

01:23:14.580 males

01:23:15.100 less

01:23:15.500 male

01:23:15.940 and

01:23:16.620 females

01:23:17.640 less

01:23:17.920 female

01:23:18.300 that

01:23:18.720 might

01:23:19.040 be

01:23:19.280 true

01:23:19.680 but

01:23:20.400 for

01:23:20.720 it

01:23:20.980 to

01:23:21.180 have

01:23:21.600 long

01:23:22.300 term

01:23:22.780 downstream

01:23:23.420 consequences

01:23:24.360 that

01:23:25.280 recurring

01:23:25.880 reality

01:23:26.480 would have

01:23:27.000 to hold

01:23:27.480 on for

01:23:27.920 a lot

01:23:28.280 longer

01:23:28.700 for that

01:23:29.140 to happen

01:23:29.580 does that

01:23:29.920 make

01:23:30.040 sense

01:23:30.320 appendix

01:23:39.720 appendix

01:23:40.820 yes

01:23:42.000 appears

01:23:46.480 as

01:23:47.020 as

01:23:48.120 compares

01:23:49.100 has that affected the evolutionary psychology of somebody who is no longer using an organ that

01:23:56.860 was originally had a purpose in their body so i don't know about that specific organ and how that

01:24:03.660 might uh you know affect uh our sex specific evolutionary psychology one of the things that

01:24:10.160 you'll find in in knowing about my work i really do i'm well calibrated in terms of my epistemic

01:24:17.340 humility when i know something i speak with all the authority of someone who knows it when i don't

01:24:24.040 know something i'll be the first to say you know what you got me on this one i don't think i can

01:24:28.360 answer so i can't specifically comment about that particular uh organ and how that might have

01:24:36.020 downstream consequences on male and female psychology i simply don't know enough about

01:24:39.680 that organ to offer very fair very fair yeah so at a macro generic level as changes within the human

01:24:47.360 body become significant to that person's emotions social skills intellect uh social ability with

01:24:55.000 others does evolutionary psychology evolve with it but it well it does but it again it depends on

01:25:04.100 which trait it is right so as i said before both the gene for synthesizing lactose and the genes that

01:25:16.000 establish that we have 10 fingers are part of our human genome but the former can be selected out or

01:25:25.200 selected for much much more quickly than the latter right because the latter is a fixed trait the former is

01:25:32.740 not right so for example take another example our personalities are not fixed traits you follow what

01:25:40.040 i'm saying so in other words there isn't a singular optimal personality profile some of us so if you if

01:25:48.480 you look at uh say personality psychology there are well over 10 000 personality traits which of course

01:25:55.640 could be distilled down so for example some people talk about the big five right you there are five

01:26:01.120 key personality traits on which most of us vary right and that can capture much of our heterogeneity but the

01:26:07.760 reality is one can ask why is it that evolution has not come up with a singular personality profile that is

01:26:16.880 optimal and actually the answer is a beautiful elegant one and that's because there isn't a singular

01:26:23.940 personality profile that is optimal across all social ecosystems that's why evolution has not come up with a single

01:26:35.760 personality profile right so think of it from say a a personnel psychology when when you go to a job interview

01:26:44.460 and the company administers a personality test to you it's not because they want to see what your personality scores are

01:26:53.700 it's because they want to see whether your personality matches with the organizational culture of that

01:27:02.820 organization right so my personality might match really well with google but not match well with jp morgan

01:27:11.960 right my personality didn't change but it is optimal in ecosystem a but suboptimal in ecosystem b and so the

01:27:21.160 argument is that the reason why we don't have fixed personality traits in the same way that we have say

01:27:28.020 fixed toes and fixed fingers is because there isn't a singular optimal solution that evolution can you know

01:27:37.320 tend its weaponry on it depends on the ecosystem so all this long-winded thing to answer your question which

01:27:44.140 is it really depends depending on which trait you're talking about it it could take 500 years for the

01:27:52.280 evolutionary psychology repercussions to change or it could take 5 million years i can't say it depends

01:27:58.080 on the trait let me see if there's anybody else here oh we've got we've got professor brian keating is

01:28:05.280 here does he want hold on a second and he's got wait a second we got dr keating all right how are you

01:28:12.840 doing sir

01:28:13.440 why aren't you speaking hello how are you brian i'm great how are you my godfather oh i'm doing great

01:28:23.360 what it's so nice for you to drop in uh folks this is professor brian keating big big big astrophysicist

01:28:30.980 from university california san diego i've been on his show he's been on mine just a great guy

01:28:38.340 jewish guy does that matter it doesn't matter but he's also jewish we both what's that don't give

01:28:45.840 my secret away don't give your secret away we're both are you also a mossad agent because a couple

01:28:51.180 of weeks ago it came out that i was a certified mossad agent are you willing to come clean here and

01:28:57.600 admit that you are a mossad agent not only that my godfather but did you know my middle name is

01:29:04.860 gregory so my initials are btk which if you read the hebraic judaic way backwards right to left

01:29:12.560 becomes ktb and furthermore did you know the two letters that end the word shabak so bk is in there

01:29:22.240 holy you you've got way too much time on your hands to play with all those acronyms professor

01:29:27.460 oh my godfather i only have a minute i'm sorry i'm hosting a friend from this very frigid place

01:29:33.600 called montreal i don't know have you ever been there he's from mcgill uh he's from mcgill university

01:29:38.520 he's a legitimate theoretical cosmologist a mentor and a beloved friend i'm hosting for dinner where

01:29:43.640 i've invited you about six times and one of these days when you're not on a book tour scratching elbows

01:29:49.360 with those million or trillionaires

01:29:50.940 i will host you here and you will stop and i will convert you i i look forward to it sir i look

01:29:57.960 forward to it so i have one minute i need this answer please i'm hosting the malibu meditator

01:30:03.860 tomorrow my friend and yours sam harris so i run the into the impossible podcast i'm hosting sam

01:30:10.400 he's graciously agreed to come on the podcast he said any podcast that's hosted gad sad has got to

01:30:16.680 be good enough to host what one chris not offensive people are saying you know i i put out a request

01:30:23.240 on twitter x formerly x now twitter i said what question would you and like 90 so do you feel

01:30:29.520 like you're astute because you had all these covid i actually think that there are some reasons is

01:30:34.900 maybe evolution maybe not um that he might have had his opinions i i don't agree with everything he

01:30:40.600 says but i don't agree with everything i say half the time um only you my friend so one question

01:30:46.380 something that's thoughtful i'm going to talk primarily scientific even the cosmological even

01:30:52.020 um alien life things regarding ai artificial intelligence but um is there any one crisp

01:31:00.100 question yes you didn't get to talk to him about when you're on your many appearances with him but

01:31:04.600 maybe i could ask him and it would be respectful because i got you i got you uh so this is a fantastic

01:31:12.440 question and thank you for giving me the opportunity to answer it uh so i mentioned earlier in the general

01:31:18.200 x spaces which you may have not been at where i was talking about a show that i recently appeared on

01:31:24.180 hosted by a british psychiatrist where at the end of the show he asked me a question which surprisingly

01:31:29.420 no one had previously asked me and so that's going to be the question that i'm going to ask you to ask sam

01:31:35.940 so he had asked me the british psychiatrist of all your 30 years of being a professor and a behavioral

01:31:42.760 scientist what's the singular finding that has most surprised you about the human condition which

01:31:49.140 is of course a huge question so i thought for a minute and then i said you know what i think

01:31:54.400 the inability of people to be willing to change their positions on something once they are fully

01:32:04.400 anchored on that position is probably the thing that has surprised me the most because i've come

01:32:10.040 with perhaps a naive pure view of humans that they they are intellectually honest and they are

01:32:17.960 purveyors of truth and if if only they give you a chance to lay out your arguments if they're honest

01:32:24.300 enough they will change their opinions and so my so having said that brian my question to that i would ask

01:32:32.980 you to ask sam is is there any information that he could ever receive that would cause him to for example

01:32:43.640 alter his position on donald trump being the existential threat of humanity

01:32:51.100 really really well okay i mean for me um i thought about that but um but the answer you know gabwin

01:32:58.920 and you know so much better than i the human condition psychological condition but um i don't

01:33:04.080 expect that that answer would provide what you know statisticians call surprise or entropy or

01:33:09.000 information because i can almost anticipate what he'd say based on other things he'd say

01:33:13.260 and for me i want to ask him things that he hasn't really been asked as i always like to tailor to my

01:33:18.820 yeah it's like i do with you and sure and so i guess for me i see it as i'm trying to see it from

01:33:24.960 his perspective i'm trying to steal man the sam and and and from that perspective i i can only come

01:33:31.280 up and i've talked to people that are much worse pds than he is um lawrence tribe i talked to him

01:33:36.700 yes even when i said to lawrence i said lawrence if this second impeachment that you're trying to

01:33:42.180 voice upon him isn't that actually counter to the democratic goals because if you succeed in your

01:33:48.440 wildest dreams and you are argiastically celebrate the impeachment and orange jumpsuit of the

01:33:53.560 donald right um that happens then you get someone who's 80 times more likely to beat joe biden in

01:33:59.260 the next election as everybody agrees even even you know people that so in other words i know what

01:34:05.600 he's going to say and and but lawrence tribe to his credit or shame said no this is a matter of

01:34:12.000 principle we can't thank monkey with democracy democracy's on the line and i've heard sam say this

01:34:17.380 many times and it's sort of some cost fallacy at this point he's just gonna you know so what i

01:34:22.600 would say to him is i might phrase it differently or maybe it's the same i don't think i'll mention

01:34:28.540 that exact question but to me the existence of a first term gives us baby bayesian priors on what

01:34:35.600 will happen in the second term right i was thinking of leading up to it like this maybe i'm a sneaky

01:34:40.500 you know what but i'm thinking of this scat and i want your opinion i don't have that much time i'm so

01:34:46.500 sorry but but i maybe i'll listen off the air as they used to say but i would say this if you found a

01:34:52.200 planet in the habitable zone of a distant yellow star 50 light years away and there was a dual planet

01:34:58.500 right nearby and you saw that planet had on it life forms technology um it had on instagram and

01:35:07.160 tiktok and twitter faces uh subscriptions to gats app

01:35:11.200 what would you estimate just truly as a bayesian what would you estimate the probability of

01:35:17.860 there being life just life on the other planet right next door in other words you apply

01:35:22.940 yes and so then if you would say well i think it'd be very high i'd say well we have that you

01:35:28.100 know earth and mars and we don't see any life on mars so could i infer that like the likelihood of

01:35:33.140 doing damage in your second term must be at some bayesian level of falsifiability predicated on the

01:35:40.440 probability of him uh overturning democracy in his first term which did not occur to my knowledge

01:35:45.700 um so maybe that's the way i phrase it but but i agree i'm i'm sort of interested in it but i was

01:35:52.480 hoping more uh for something unique so here's one i could do you have another minute i know you

01:35:58.720 have to go yeah sure for you yes so thank you uh so this is more of a personal question one of the

01:36:05.000 things i like to do often with guests is of course you ask them all sorts of questions about their you

01:36:10.560 know their their their uh expertise hold on what's going on i'm talking to my i'm talking to my kid

01:36:17.160 okay can you can you okay so uh one of the things i like to do is oftentimes get more intimate with

01:36:23.920 the guests so because in my last book the happiness book i have a chapter on regret uh so one of the

01:36:30.680 things that i've taken to doing with many of my guests is towards the end of my chat i begin by

01:36:37.160 explaining the psychology of regret regret due to action versus regret due to inaction and it turns out

01:36:43.600 brian as i think you you probably remember i think we probably discussed it when i came on your show

01:36:47.840 that most people their their biggest looming regret is one due to inaction right uh i i wish i had become

01:36:55.340 an artist rather than become an astrophysicist like my father was right and and so one thing that might

01:37:01.740 be fun which might kind of humanize sam uh which might you know be interesting in terms of asking him

01:37:07.820 to answer a personal question is to set up the regret question and say so are you willing to share

01:37:13.620 with us what might be your one or top or two top regrets so far in your life that might be a cool

01:37:19.980 one yeah i like that because he has said um he has talked a lot about happiness and he actually said

01:37:25.520 something that was quite you know um illuminating for me at one point he said you can't be happy

01:37:31.660 you can only become happy and i don't know if you agree with that or not basically saying like

01:37:37.140 happiness is an unstable equilibrium point once you get there it's bouncing the pencil at this point

01:37:42.480 it's going to tip in one way or another it's hard to imagine your life right now and i wish i had the

01:37:47.880 chance to talk to you about this when you were on my podcast but please god or you know yahweh or

01:37:53.120 whatever you want to say um that you'll be back many times but i want to ask you you know how could i

01:37:59.500 legitimately meaningfully double your happiness it could happen right it could be like you and

01:38:05.400 messi could go out you know go have these on a mega yacht and he could invite you to the box you'd be

01:38:11.100 twice as happy right but it's hard to imagine you being 10 times i mean you're already one of the

01:38:14.940 happiest people i know um despite living you know i'm so happy because i get guys like you guys coming

01:38:21.240 in at 8 30 having these incredible chats with me i'm the richest guy in the world yeah exactly but

01:38:27.580 but i have to say to take the mood down make it a little more somber i can think of any parent

01:38:32.960 you can think of an infinite number of ways right to make their life infinitely worse yes and i want

01:38:38.480 to ask him about that in the context that that's really a statement of the second law of thermodynamics

01:38:42.760 once you achieve happiness there's this terror that i have i've got a wonderful life here

01:38:48.360 but i'm always terrified yes you know i guess

01:38:51.620 beautifully said uh thank you so much brian for coming we'll talk again uh money penny i would love

01:39:12.980 to take another one from you but i'm way over the time limit i'd like to still stay married to my wife

01:39:18.120 and she doesn't divorce me so if you don't mind we'll hopefully continue it in the next x spaces

01:39:24.680 guys thank you so much for coming i wish more of you showed up but it's quality over quantity

01:39:30.280 thank you so much we all want to thank you so much for doing these thank you guys can i ask you guys for

01:39:36.020 a favor could you please please uh tell your friends about it i want to build a huge community not

01:39:41.960 it's not about the money it's imagine how much more exciting it is if i could turn this on and

01:39:47.580 there are 10 000 people listening 50 000 i'm not i'm sure

01:39:52.460 i want more british people i love the accent it turns me on so please bring more british people

01:39:59.820 as long as they are not liverpool supporters

01:40:03.380 no i'm just kidding thanks so much guys and i'll talk to you soon i'm heading off to arizona state

01:40:11.100 university to talk about woke universities let's hope they don't shut me down wish me luck

01:40:16.180 and i'll talk to you soon thank you so much guys cheers god bless talk ciao

The Saad Truth with Dr. Saad - March 04, 2024

Reasons Why People Hate Evolution-Evolutionary Psychology - XSpaces Sessions (The Saad Truth with Dr. Saad_650)

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