What is it that motivates people to do what they do, and specifically in the consumer context, how can we apply Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to consumer behavior? In this episode, Ghatam Saad discusses the theory of Maslow, and how it can be applied in consumer behavior.
00:00:00.240Hi everybody, this is Ghat Saad. I wanted today to spend a few minutes discussing one of the theories that any student who has taken a marketing course or a more specialized consumer behavior course would have certainly come across, and that is a theory that typically falls under the section on motivational theories.
00:00:24.000That's Maslow's hierarchy of needs. What is it that motivates people to do what they do, and specifically in the consumer context, how can we apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to consumer behavior?
00:00:36.560Now, Maslow was a humanist psychologist. Let me just read you here. So this is in my original book in 2007, The Evolutionary Basis of Consumption.
00:00:45.620This was an academic book, so it's a more technical scientific book, where I was trying to plant the flag of how to Darwinize consumer psychology, consumer behavior.
00:01:00.460And here I was arguing that we are a consumatory animal. We don't just consume Coca-Cola and Starbucks, right? We consume friendships, we consume religious narratives, we consume cultures, products of culture, cultural products, movies and romance novels and literature and art.
00:01:21.340And so, you know, most of our purpose of behavior can be consumatory in one sense or another, and therefore, if you wish to study the evolved human nature of Homo sapiens, in a modern context, of course, then turning to consumer behavior is a wonderful place to do so.
00:01:41.100And hence, this is the field that I pioneered evolutionary consumption.
00:01:46.280And so this book, The Evolutionary Basis of Consumption, was the book that I first came out with in 2007, where I discuss Maslow's hierarchy of needs in several passages.
00:01:56.960And there I argue that while Maslow's hierarchy of needs has certainly offered a nice framework to study the motivational system of consumers, it is not necessarily fully accurate.
00:02:14.920It lacks some empirical grounding, for example, and at times it has been falsified, so it's not true that the lowest physiological needs have to be met before you go up the hierarchy, all the way up to self-actualization.
00:02:30.640Oftentimes, you might be starving, and yet you might be willing to spend your last dime on the really cool running shoes so that people within your ecosystem can respect you.
00:02:42.240And so I came up with a taxonomy of four sets of needs, survival, reproductive, kin selection, things related to kin, and reciprocal altruism or reciprocity.
00:02:58.620And I argue that those four Darwinian modules, rooted in an understanding of evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology, are the foundational drivers of purpose of behavior in general and certainly consumer behavior.
00:03:13.460And so for a long time, I have been interested in Maslow's hierarchy and in ways that we can improve it.
00:03:22.860But I recently got around to reading his actual, I mean, I, you know, I knew a bit about Maslow.