Why Postmodernism and Woke Culture Are Killing Civilization (The Saad Truth with Dr. Saad_788)
Episode Stats
Length
1 hour and 1 minute
Words per Minute
156.2874
Summary
In this episode of Gatekeeper, the famous and some in some circles, the infamous Prof. Gadol Sad joins me to talk about his new book, The Parasite Mind, and how he came up with the concept of the "parasite mind virus" and how it relates to anti-Semitism.
Transcript
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hello and welcome to gatekeeper this episode will be in english since my very special guest
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is the famous and some in some circles the infamous professor god sad hello god how are you
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nice to to meet you i've been following your stuff for ages because you are one of the few people who
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brought the anti-woke movement some humor most people on our side are very grave and very worried
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about the the end of civilization your book is now in english to the original in hebrew to the
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original english title was the parasitic mind it's called parasitim in hebrew and you can now get it
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at selameir i'll post a link under this video with access to this book in a sale by by selameir
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and and god this is the first time i've read a biographical sketch of yours um in that in
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lebanon in the 70s in the midst of a civil war as a as a jewish family and i want to take you back first
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something that i found very striking because i was thinking it's not as grave i was thinking of jewish
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students in american campuses now being kept out of libraries by by pro hamas um idiots chanting from
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the river to the sea without knowing which river and which sea and and and your your impression begins
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here when you were six years old i believe and nazir died can you can you say a word about that so that
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was i was not quite six i think i was uh just before turning six so it was in 1970 gamal abd-nasser
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the egyptian pan-arabist the egyptian president had just died the reason why i'm i mentioned that he
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was a pan-arabist is because he was very much loved and revered as a popular figure because he's trying
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to unite all the arabs under sort of one platform and when he passed away in 1970 uh as often happens
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in the middle east people take to the streets with fervor by the way for your viewers who don't know
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this hamas means fervor zeal right so if you go on the street with hamas that means you're doing it
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it doesn't necessarily refer to the terrorist group it's it means with zeal with fervor and so people
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would were proceeding down our street we lived on a street called shari'ajish which means the
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the street of the army actually if you translate it into english and uh there you know the usual kind
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of lamentations and incantations and so on and amongst them is death to jews death to jews and so
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i'm sitting there as a little boy looking over the balcony hearing death to jews and i turn to my
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mother and i say well why are they chanting death to jews and you know she's like shut up put your
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head down you know don't don't look out too much and so that was at least the first clear memory i had
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of what it was to experience jew hatred in the middle east but then in the book i talk about several other
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incidents it's a it struck a chord with me i remember when when i was about the same age we had
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cartoons in on the afternoon in in on the single israeli channel and it only broadcasted until 5 30 i
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believe it was and then we got jordanian tv and i remember the arab announcers and my parents explaining
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to me that they want to kill us and wondering why why is that why would they want to kill us um it seems
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like a a a common jewish experience and i think jews in in europe are are currently uh experiencing the
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same thing uh but now it's under the influence of this pathogen the the mind virus uh which has
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welcomed anti-semites um so you refer to this as a kind of illness in your book uh how is it similar
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to to a parasite right so let me step back to explain how i came up with this parasitic framework
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so in as an evolutionist i often will look to other animal behavior to make an evolutionary argument
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right so if you're trying to make an argument that toy preferences are sex specific little boys prefer
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certain toys and little girls prefer other toys and there is an evolutionary and biological reason for
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that you might then study other animals to see if they exhibit the same patterns and it turns out
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that rhesus monkeys vervet monkeys chimpanzees have the exact same sex specific preferences when it comes
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to toy preferences so the idea of looking at other animals to make us to understand something about
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human phenomena is an inherent feature of what an evolutionary scientist would do and so as i was trying to
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come up with a framework of what could explain such departures from reason from from common sense from
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reality i started reading the literature on parasitology now parasitology is the study in the
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animal kingdom between uh hosts and parasites the dynamics between them the co-evolutionary arms race
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but many parasites don't go to the brain so for example a tapeworm tries to parasitize your intestinal
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tract but a neuro parasite is a particular type of parasite that needs to end up in the host's brain
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altering its neuronal circuitry and subsequently its behavior to suit its reproductive interest so for
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example a wood cricket when it is parasitized by a hair worm that the wood cricket detests water it does
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it wants nothing to do with water but when it is parasitized by this hair worm because the hair worm
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needs for the wood cricket to jump into water in order for it to complete its reproductive cycle
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the wood cricket once it is parasitized jumps merrily into the water commits suicide because
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it is and dies and drowns and it drowns okay so then i had my epiphany i said aha i'm going to now use the
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neuro parasitological framework to argue that human beings could not only be parasitized by actual
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physical brain worms but they could be parasitized by a second class of brain worms and i call these
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parasitic ideas or idea pathogens and so in that sense i'm drawing an analogy between physical brain
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worms and ideological brain worms so it's like a gene and a meme um exactly right exactly right so richard
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dawkins in in his 1976 books the selfish gene argued that yes genes propagate but human beings are both a
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biological and cultural animal therefore we also have mimetic propagation hence he came up with the
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the concept of a meme now the difference between and of course i i cite uh richard's work in in the
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the difference between a meme and a parasite at least an ideological parasite the way i'm speaking
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a meme doesn't have an inherent valence to it it could be positive it could be neutral it could be
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negative right if you start humming a song and i overhear it and later i walk and i'm humming it
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you have mimetically transferred what you were singing to me that has no parasitic quality to it i'm not
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jumping into the water to commit suicide right well it depends what song i'll infect you i agree if it
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is the beatles then it is parasitic we have to agree on that but but anyway so so so that's why i did not
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use the memetic framework i needed something more punchy more zombified and hence i went the
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neuroparasitic route and i think the metaphor appeared earliest and it's it's striking because computers were
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very rare and very clumsy back then but i think it was clifford geertz in the the interpretation of
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cultures who said that human beings are like are like computers in the sense that they have hardware
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but the hardware cannot work without software and the software is culture and so if you if you think of
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it in this term when the software goes wrong when the software is infected things seriously go wrong
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um and we saw them you we saw i think you know a a culture derailed because if if i i hope i'm not
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carrying the metaphor too far but if the the goal is reproduction what happened to western culture with
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the with the parasitic minds is that it's it's it's sort of lost its ability to preserve itself hasn't it
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i mean by the way this might be the first time that i've been interviewed where someone makes a
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reference to geertz so chapeau to you as we say thank you well done clearly you are an academic uh
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uh i mean that is literally true what you said in that some of the parasitic ideas never mind that they
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you know they they drive you off the abyss of infinite lunacy in a metaphorical sense but they
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literally shut off your actual reproduction so for example in my next book where i'm talking about
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suicidal empathy so the birther movement right i am so empathetic i am so kind i am so compassionate
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that i'm unwilling to rape mother earth by doing the unthinkable which is to reproduce and have my
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own children because of my infinitely suicidal empathy i will shut off the most fundamental impulse
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that i have in my life there are two the game of life is made up of two steps survive and reproduce
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right because if i survive all you want but i never reproduce the genes end with me and so you are exactly
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right that many of these parasitic ideas are a true darwinian dead end and they seem to erode the very
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idea of culture and not not just a specific culture i'm thinking here it's i'm free associating to
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to uh our prime minister's speech at the uh at the joint session of the of the two houses of congress
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where he said what is happening in israel now with hamas is not a clash between civilizations it's a clash
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between civilization and barbarism and it seems that the woke virus like an autoimmune disease is
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basically letting in barbarism into our own home as if by some some uh death instinct or or or a a an
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impulse of self-hate where does this before we we try to analyze the virus where does the the the
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motivation come from in europe where when has the west lots its will to reproduce itself not just its
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fantastic question so what i do in the parasitic mind is i discuss each of the parasitic ideas and
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just for the for the you know uh con for context for your viewers and listeners post-modernism would
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be the granddaddy of all parasitic ideas because it purports that there are no objective truths
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other than the one objective truth that there are no objective truth right so that framework then allows
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me to argue that up is down left is right uh women can have penises men can menstruate right so that
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gives me the quote epistemological degrees of freedom to then say anything i want now but that's not the
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only parasitic idea cultural relativism who are you to judge the the the beliefs and and actions of
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other cultures don't be a cultural imperialist uh social constructivism everything is a social
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construction biology doesn't apply for human phenomena so each of these parasitic ideas were
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spawned on university campuses as i always like to remind people it takes it uniquely takes professors
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to come up with some of the dumbest ideas right and so therefore so to answer your question depending
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on which parasitic idea we're talking about we can give it a different time stamp some of the idea
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pathogen started about a hundred years ago so for example you earlier you mentioned an anthropologist
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a cultural anthropologist uh franz boas a jewish cultural anthropologist is the sort of the genesis
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of cultural relativism and then he trained many of his students to argue that there's no such thing as a
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human universal there is no such thing as a shared biological heritage and so on so that particular idea
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pathogen is almost 100 years old post-modernism is really 45 50 60 years ago with all of the french
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post-modernist bullshitters if you don't mind me saying that so jacques lacan jacques derrida
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michelle foucault and all michelle foucault yeah the father of them all and the most challenging yeah
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exactly and so so it depends on which idea pathogen we're talking about but we could certainly say
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that the festering that we now have saw sort of explode has its roots about 50 to 100 years ago
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it took now one more point and i'll cede back the floor to you when i first started standing on top of
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the mountain and screaming hey we have a problem here many people would respond to me yeah you're
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right that these are silly ideas but they are reserved to some esoteric department in the humanities
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and then i would literally use the metaphor of an actual pathogen and i say but you know the virus
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eventually breaks out of the lab this is way before covid so you are wuhan you you american
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departments of literature you are wuhan so so they didn't have the capacity to you know play the
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slippery slope argument right to forecast to extrapolate from where we are to where we would
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end up be i said to them look all of those people who are now being parasitized by this nonsense are
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going to become our leaders and yeah and it's called justin trudeau yeah let me insert a historical
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angle because because winston churchill said that that in in perhaps in the in two world war
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europe has spent its soul does that apply does that connect does that lead in some way to the 60s
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because when i went to do my phd but the original plan which as you know when you when you do a phd
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you have a grand plan and then you sink into one little segment of it but my idea was to show that
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the rebellious youth of the 60s are the origin of all our troubles and and that started when i was
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very young because i in my youth i was in love with this girl for too many years and then came the
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ideas of the 60s and free love and i thought i'm not going to share her with anyone not that she ever
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noticed me or anything but already i didn't want to share her and so i guess that the grudge started
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there but then you look at the 60s and it all looks so inspiring and woodstock and give peace a chance
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and all that but you look these students felt deep disappointment with the west they adopted a
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french theory which they did not completely understand in order to express their disappointment
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with their own culture and they became the teacher so is the context here a a historical crisis
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that that that did not originate with academics that originated with the general experience of people
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after two world wars i mean no in the sense that some of these parasitic ideas proceed uh well or at least
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the the earliest ones are around the first world war so i wouldn't say it's it's it's an either or argument
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there might be some validity to what you're saying but by the way as you were saying what you were saying
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you said oh i was i didn't want to share her with anybody else that that reflex speaks to a fundamental
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uh insight from evolutionary theory right i mean the reason why men have evolved sexual territoriality
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is because men are very vested fathers within all of the animal kingdom right we we are actually truly
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super dads compared to all other mammalian species while we don't invest as much as women in the human
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context we do invest heavily we do much more than just have sex and reproduce therefore it makes
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perfect evolutionary sense that if you're going to be a heavily invested father that you make sure that
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it's not the sexy greek gardener who fathers your kids and then you spend the next 18 years raising
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someone else's genes right so therefore the cognitive system the emotional system the behavioral system
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that causes us to feel sexual territoriality is perfectly easily explainable from an evolutionary
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perspective so i'm here to tell you that it was perfectly natural for you let me tell our viewers
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that this argument is made in detail in the book and you also explain the difference between
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uh the kind of things that make females of the human species uh jealous and the kind of things that make
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males uh jealous so you obviously if you read between the lines of the question already you went head
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on with the with the post-modern gender feminism and first of all let me commend you for the courage
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because that is dangerous is it not in in academia in canada oh my goodness i mean you know on any given
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day there is a a very long list of people coming after me but you know people have asked me well what
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what is the unique set of skills that you had that you know it had to be you well there of course there
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are many elements to an answer to that question one of which is for better or worse i'm generally a
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honey badger in other words i feel personally offended by bullshit right like i can't walk
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away from seeing someone espouse some lunatic thing on say social media and i just say off
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forget it because if i do that and and maybe it's not good for my blood pressure but it i would then
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feel at the end of the night when i put my head on the pillow to sleep i would feel that i was fraudulent
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because i knew that there was an attack and a murder on truth that happened and i looked away and i
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pretended that i didn't hear the screams of truth when it was asking me to come and protect it so
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i think one of the reasons why i literally go like this and i don't care about anybody coming after me
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is because i am my worst enemy meaning that i've got to live up to my own standards and i'd rather
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make sure to sleep well at night i don't care about the feminists coming after me they can all come
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sometimes fun though to get into these skirmishes of ideas incredibly so but you remember earlier you
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said uh you know you you you bring levity and humor into it now i do this for two reasons i mean it's it's
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a natural reflex for me it's not a strategic thing but i do it really it comes from two places one
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humor serves as a pressure relief for me right because it otherwise i would explode right if i don't make
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fun of some of this stupidity then i would not be able to go on another day but secondly and here's
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a bit more of the uh the the pragmatic element dictators as you know as a historian uh they are
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not afraid of the guys with the big muscles because those we can get rid of them very quickly
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they're afraid of the guys with the sharp tongues because they are the ones who can really attack
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my standing right the the pen the pen is mightier than the sword is exactly referring to that so we
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need to get rid of the humorous the satirist because they're the ones who will cause the most
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havoc to us and so i use satire sarcasm for many reasons one of which is that it's the perfect as i
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explained in the perfect mind it's like the surgeon's scalpel cutting through layers of warm butter
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bullshit right because and by the way that's that's why i don't also get canceled because when i take
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one of my satirical positions you don't know i mean yes the people who know me know that i am being
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satirical but you can't cancel me because i will literally say i genuinely meant that i really do
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believe that men can menstruate because i studied that at oberland college so i'm untouchable i've i found
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the singularity point gadi that's that's wonderful also you know uh it's not just that that the tongue
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is dangerous humor is dangerous as hannah arendt observed that laughter undermines authority like
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like nothing else and they're so pompous you know there's a the israeli feminists have a very large
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group on facebook uh which i guess i'm not allowed on but i can peek at and which is called i too am a
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feminist and i don't have a sense of humor they they are proud of it and one wonder is what kind
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of creed makes people proud of not having a sense of of humor so god what has gone wrong with with the
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with modern post-modern feminism well so equity feminism is a great idea it says hey there should
00:22:20.260
be no institutional mechanisms by which men and women are not treated equally under the law equally
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for hiring and so on for promotion and by that definition of feminism then probably you and i
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would put up our hands and say hey we're we're equity feminists sign us up the problem then comes
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with radical feminists who then argue in the service of pursuing that laudable goal
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let us now promulgate the idea that there are no innate differences between men and women it's all
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due to social construction because then that makes the ultimate goal of eradicating toxic masculinity and
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the patriarchy more poppable if we promulgate that argument then it becomes easier for us to fight the
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patriarchy there are no biological differences and so that's why in the book in the parasitic mind i argue
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that each of these parasitic ideas begins from a noble place it it starts off with a noble reflex to
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solve some valuable objective but in the service of that objective if i have to murder and rape truth
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so be it whereas i argue no i can walk and chew gum at the same time i could pursue noble goals
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without ever ceding a millimeter of the truth in that service but they end up you know it was most striking
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to a lot of israeli feminists who i think had a rude awakening in the aftermath of october 7 when feminists
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sided with hamas rapists against the israeli raped women and suddenly i believe you turned into wait we need
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more evidence because because being a palestinian trumps being a woman yeah well exactly that that's
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why all of those feminists they're the wood cricket that jumps into the water right that's like that it
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can't be a more apt metaphor uh i'm going to use an example from israel to exactly demonstrate this
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point and as once i say the name of the person you might even shake your head and do you know where
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i'm going with the story gadi or no no i'm waiting tal nitzan do you know who that is
00:24:33.460
i think i do tal nitzan no i'm not sure yeah is a jewish jewish woman probably she's part of the
00:24:43.020
facebook feminist group that you are not allowed to go into i'm sure she is uh she was pursuing some
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doctoral work i think she was at well i think she was at hebrew university if i'm not mistaken
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you can you can check the reference in in the parasitic mind and she wanted to do some research
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are you looking up tal nitzan i am yes i am you caught me yeah go on yeah so tal nitzan who's who's
00:25:08.760
who's a lot more progressive and enlightened than you know degenerates like me uh so she wanted to
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demonstrate that the idf engages in massive rampant rape of palestinian women right because she's
00:25:24.660
progressive because she knows how to engage in self-loathing because the only road to repentance
00:25:30.740
is to suicidally hate yourself as much as possible okay great so then she goes out and she conducts the
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research and she can't identify a single instance of documented rape by the idf soldiers on palestinian
00:25:46.460
now you have a phd i have a phd we are taught that you you go where the evidence leads you if your
00:25:55.000
hypothesis is falsified well then so be it but in the world of the parasitized monsters your ideology
00:26:03.080
could never be falsified right it doesn't adhere to popper's falsification principle so when we found
00:26:10.300
out that the idf didn't rape anyone did she alter her position that they are monsters no
00:26:16.320
she just pivoted a bit yeah they are so horrifying in their othering of palestinian women that the
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palestinian women are no longer valid women that are worthy of being raped so they are so evil the idf
00:26:33.860
that they wouldn't rape the women so if she had uncovered rape it would prove that the idf
00:26:39.660
is disastrous and if she uncovers no rapes it in no way affects the fact that the idf are i are
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terrible monsters this is not a feminist at oberlin college who learned that hamas is freedom fighter
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this is tal nidzan jewish tal nidzan at hebrew university so the parasites know no bounds yes but
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but a professor or a phd candidate at hebrew university needs recommendation from oberlin college
00:27:07.780
or for somewhere else in america so they write to produce when i was a young professor and i was
00:27:12.980
very passionate about the my anti-post-modernism and i came to an older professor and i said this
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is horrible a whole department whole departments here are infested with this and they're all so
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ideological and he said they're not ideological at all they just have to publish and they know that
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this is the mood we are completely slavishly slavishly if i'm pronouncing it correctly
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a subservient to to the american academy so that even if you are a professor of hebrew literature
00:27:42.480
believe it or not you need to publish in english in america in order to be promoted and what happened
00:27:48.280
in america is unbelievable i was there at the i think the very last moment where you could still
00:27:54.800
speak some of the truth i had to leave class and take independent studies because i was because
00:28:00.700
professors were one professor walked out in the middle of i i was saying something and he just
00:28:06.360
walked out of the room in the middle of of my speaking do you remember what you were saying
00:28:11.480
yeah yeah it was there was i i'll say for my department at rutgers university the history
00:28:16.960
department that he got reprimanded because you you know i'm a teacher you're a teacher you don't
00:28:21.820
you don't label a student as a persona non grata you just don't even if something they said is
00:28:28.140
outrageous you do not just turn your back and go i was you know i was stunned and it's a it's a it's
00:28:34.160
a foreign country but i i learned my lesson and then i did independent studies and and that went
00:28:39.460
very well but i experienced the same thing as you because when i started doing with it they thought
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this is the margin of some godforsaken departments of of literature and and and israeli history and and
00:28:53.060
and it became so incredibly influential so now i want to get to something i i've argued with you
00:29:00.500
many times in my head gun so now i'm going to let you enter into my internal dialogue with you
00:29:07.080
and see and see if you know your lines so sit tight i might it's not just you because my
00:29:13.740
my argument i guess with with the critics of the of of of wokeness in in their many generations they
00:29:23.380
label this as cultural marxism and the logic is obvious because marxism taught you that there's
00:29:30.420
there are oppressors and the oppressed and the the terms were economic and this was then shifted to
00:29:37.100
identity another same model applies to women to blacks to uh invented categories from the american
00:29:44.640
census such as uh hispanic americans and and others and what i think is missing in all this
00:29:52.180
is that the american left has also radical individualistic roots and when i because i because
00:30:01.880
i studied classic american ideas in my phd i i i then read judith butler read is not a good word i
00:30:08.940
then struggle through the ointment of judith butler's uh horrible arrogant prose because she says simple
00:30:16.620
things it's just if you blow them up behind this this impenetrable jargon then you seem very deep
00:30:22.580
it's not deep but it's also not not really marxist this is you read this and you say i've seen this
00:30:31.380
in a john wayne movie that's the self-made man is now the self-made transgendered individual and the
00:30:38.540
whole logic is only i will decide who i am and then if you are trained in american thought then you read
00:30:45.180
you read emerson and you say emerson said that the self is always a work in progress this is what these
00:30:52.480
people are repeating and then you say wait a minute and you go back to france and foucault is also not
00:30:57.900
not a marxist foucault is a nietzschean and what foucault is striving for is not class solidarity
00:31:03.280
in any form and when you take this back to identity politics is you know one of my the first brilliant
00:31:10.260
insights you know her christina hoff summers she's absolutely brilliant in her book who stole feminism
00:31:16.440
that was the 90s and she said you know when i came to a conference of the gender the national
00:31:23.340
association of gender studies professors in the 80s we had an agenda we were supporting the era the
00:31:28.720
equal rights amendment and other things when i came back in the 90s the groups kept fragmenting
00:31:34.920
and then i'm improvising but it's very close to what she said the group of overweight jewish women
00:31:41.100
who was whose sexual identity was in transit split into the allergic and the non-allergic and the
00:31:48.340
allergic demanded that no one come to the conference with dry cleaning clothes because it makes them
00:31:54.060
sneeze so so you're saying it's a misnomer to use the term cultural marxist which is a collectivist term
00:32:00.900
on these fragmentations into unitary identities that i summarize this properly close i'm i'm less
00:32:07.520
belligerent and i would say that cultural marxism is half the story the other story is when it meets
00:32:14.980
american individualism because why are these groups fragmenting they are fragmenting because
00:32:20.580
no one will define me from the outside this is why the melting pot is wrong this is why
00:32:26.600
feminism is white and we now need black feminism this is why black feminism is going to split into
00:32:32.060
straight and gay so uh you the floor is yours yeah uh that very nice uh leader uh by the way just
00:32:43.160
to set the record uh straight i don't use the term i i would challenge you to find a writing where i
00:32:50.020
use the term cultural marxism i i don't use it so in a sense i'm supporting your position uh although
00:32:58.340
although i do believe that marxism is a parasitic idea right so so i'm not saying that wokeism is just
00:33:08.300
a manifestation of cultural marxism so in that sense i agree with you but it is certainly the case
00:33:14.100
that marxism is completely parasitic as a matter of fact in my forthcoming book in suicidal empathy i
00:33:21.040
have a chapter i mean it's still in flux so it might change the the organization but i have a whole
00:33:26.020
chapter on parasitic uh taxation uh which comes with the social welfare state but it really is rooted
00:33:34.180
in empathy right i mean because we are so empathetic us the benevolent magnanimous government
00:33:40.300
it only makes sense that we take from the super productive and rich and redistribute that because
00:33:45.880
we should all be equal so there is a parasitic i mean literally a parasitic element because i am sucking
00:33:51.600
off all of your labor and talent to redistribute it as i see fit and and by the way remember earlier i was
00:33:59.660
saying that your reflex about uh feeling uh you know sexually territorial was perfectly evolutionary
00:34:05.940
i want to link what what we said earlier to the socio-political economic system and human nature
00:34:12.240
eo wilson are you familiar with eo wilson no eo wilson was a he just recently passed away and i
00:34:20.320
so regret that we never got a chance to know each other he he was you know arguably one of the most
00:34:25.560
famous evolutionary scientists in the 20th century by by training he's a entomologist a an insect
00:34:32.540
scientist specifically specializing in social ants uh and he wrote a very influential book that was
00:34:39.480
kind of a precursor to evolutionary psychology called sociobiology where you apply biology to study social
00:34:45.680
behavior across animals including humans and he was part of the early culture wars because his colleagues
00:34:52.760
at harvard who were themselves completely evolutionists did not accept the fact that you
00:35:00.140
could apply evolutionary theory to explain human behavior because that would be contrary to their
00:35:05.640
marxist philosophy right so they were already parasitized but the reason why i'm saying this whole
00:35:10.940
long-winded story is because when eo wilson was asked professor wilson i mean i'm paraphrasing the
00:35:18.760
the exchange professor wilson what are your views on socialism slash communism he paused and said great
00:35:26.940
idea wrong species which is one of the most beautiful quotes i've ever heard with very very few words
00:35:33.680
because social ants are communistic there is a reproductive queen there is a class of warrior ants
00:35:41.280
and a class of worker ants that are completely and utterly indistinguishable from each other they're just
00:35:47.180
one small cog of the bigger wheel so some species have a phylogenetic history whereby they genuinely have
00:35:56.920
evolved communism as the optimal pathway humans are not communistic some of us are taller shorter
00:36:03.640
smarter harder working more ambitious less ambitious better looking less better looking so to impose
00:36:09.860
a socio-political economic model that is perfectly incongruent with human nature it doesn't take
00:36:17.160
fancy professor god's out to tell you that it will always fail as history has shown repeatedly in
00:36:23.140
every culture where it's been tried how does nationalism fit in that discussion because there is a a a
00:36:31.900
communal social side to to human beings which i think radical individualism fails to be able to
00:36:40.380
explain so if you follow the path of i don't know hobbes and freud you you you cannot explain why
00:36:46.900
people would sacrifice their lives for something larger than themselves why do they ants do it
00:36:53.620
yes yes great question so two ways to answer that in terms of the reflex for in-group out-group
00:37:01.620
thinking of which nationalism will be one example we are the nation and there's the outside enemy
00:37:06.900
that coalitional psychology is an indelible part of the architecture of the human mind right seeing the
00:37:12.960
world as blue team and red team is a fundamental feature of our psychology and as a matter of fact
00:37:19.640
there are so many studies that demonstrate that very very early we start attributing people as being
00:37:25.980
as part of our in-group or out-group so there is an evolutionary argument to be made for why we have that
00:37:31.560
reflex to to create a delineation between us and them regarding your question of why i would you know jump into a
00:37:38.980
river to save my co-religionist or friend or so that here there are two two different mechanisms
00:37:45.440
so in in my earlier books uh my evolutionary psychology books i argue that there are four
00:37:52.720
fundamental darwinian modules that drive much of our purpose of behavior there is stuff related to
00:37:59.960
survival so for example we've evolved gustatory preferences to prefer fatty foods because that
00:38:05.920
was an adaptation to caloric scarcity and caloric uncertainty so that's survival second one is
00:38:11.880
related to reproduction remember earlier i said there are the life is a two two-step game survive and
00:38:18.020
then reproduce so in all cultures men are outlandishly more likely uh to be ferrari owners even though
00:38:26.860
there are many billionaire women's who could afford ferraris because the ferrari becomes a modern
00:38:32.580
instantiation of peacocking of of sexual signaling that is desired by women that's why men buy that
00:38:39.320
because they know that they are responding to a preference that that women have so number one
00:38:43.900
survival number two uh reproduction the next two are going to answer your question kin selection is the
00:38:51.560
mechanism that explains why i would jump into a river to save three of my children darwin had argued that
00:39:00.260
selection operates at the level of the organism but if that were true then there would never be the
00:39:08.480
evolutionary pressures for me to sacrifice my life to save three of my children but if i recognize that
00:39:15.000
i simply am a vehicle of my genes then from an evolutionary calculus of the gene then that makes perfect
00:39:23.740
evolutionary sense because each of my children on average share 50 percent of their genes with me
00:39:28.320
therefore even if i were to cease to exist if i save the packet which is which would amount to more
00:39:34.900
three children then i then there would be evolutionary pressures for kin altruism to arise so that's another
00:39:42.000
explanation but then that doesn't explain why i would jump into the river to save gadi gadi is not my
00:39:48.980
child gadi is not uh you know my father there so there is no kin relationship between gadi and me i mean
00:39:55.660
unless we said the jewish people right but i mean literally in a strict genetic relatedness
00:40:00.900
context well the reason why i do that is because of the fourth module which is reciprocal altruism or
00:40:09.640
reciprocity so in a social species you have to evolve the mechanisms of tit for tat right now some have
00:40:18.820
argued that that originated as a solution to caloric uncertainty right we're all going around in the
00:40:25.760
african savannah we all are likely to die of starvation why don't we strike a deal so that when we bring
00:40:32.120
down the three thousand pound game i will share it with your family on the condition that when we are in
00:40:38.340
lean times you will reciprocate and share it with me even though we're not biologically linked that's why i
00:40:44.440
argue many rituals of friendship from a strict economic perspective we don't have to pursue
00:40:50.840
them right if i invite you for your birthday and pay fifty dollars and then you reciprocate and pay me
00:40:56.640
fifty dollars when it's my birthday why don't we from a classical economics university of chicago model
00:41:02.060
stop the charade and we both don't invite each other and we'll be at the same final end point
00:41:07.400
no the reason why we do it is because that ritual oils our affiliation it oils our bonds of reciprocity
00:41:16.460
and so that would explain why we would jump into the river to save our co-nationalists and so on
00:41:25.080
very interesting um let me let me ask you a follow-up question on that about empathy empathy is a strange
00:41:35.260
thing and it's and it's not even limited to human beings we feel empathy for a puppy in distress and
00:41:42.780
this is how i learned i i used to think that i like that i like uh nature documentaries that's because i
00:41:50.320
saw national geographic and not national geographic wild because when i saw national geographic wild
00:41:55.580
i remember seeing a a few lions tear apart a a baby elephant and it take it took an awful lot of
00:42:05.180
time i kept i kept switching to zapping to other channels till it was over and i was wondering why
00:42:11.820
am i so distressed by it's not even a person i don't know it's an elephant in africa that is being
00:42:20.200
torn apart by by lions why do i feel it's empathy i feel distress not just empathy you know it i literally
00:42:29.420
earlier this morning i was working on a section where i was working on exactly what you just asked
00:42:37.160
i mean i could literally put i could literally pull it out and actually i was working on a section
00:42:42.340
you're going to find this interesting so so uh peter singer the the philosopher uh wrote a book in the
00:42:50.920
early 80s about uh increasing the circle of whom you include in that circle so that you know you feel
00:42:59.480
affiliation for them and so on his point being as an animal activist we should incorporate to your
00:43:04.780
question animals within that circle right does he mention the scottish enlightenment i'm not sure if
00:43:11.640
he does you mean in that particular book yeah i'll put an asterisk and add a after but please go on
00:43:17.440
yeah so uh by the way he's people many years ago he came on my show and we had a really interesting
00:43:23.720
uh conversation uh about all sorts of things related to philosophy but specifically i but i mean i set
00:43:30.660
myself up i asked him given the fact that i am an incredible animal lover am i hypocritical that i eat
00:43:39.600
meat now i actually don't think it's hypocritical but i wanted to ask him and he sort of paused and if i
00:43:45.580
remember correctly his answer was yes that's it so so but anyways uh the reason why i'm telling you
00:43:52.480
that that i was writing about it today is that as i was thinking about exactly the types of scenarios
00:43:58.740
of you know why do we why can't i also not see the zebra being eaten alive and so on uh i i had this
00:44:05.460
hypothesis i said you know what i bet you that my empathy changes as a function of how far
00:44:15.560
removed an animal is from me in the evolutionary tree of life meaning that i will feel more empathy
00:44:23.680
towards a an ape than i will towards a turtle because the turtle the common ancestor with the turtle
00:44:31.720
diverged from from us way earlier in the tree of life and so i thought you know what i should
00:44:39.640
probably conduct a study to to test this so then i go on to check and just like two years ago the exact
00:44:49.020
same study published in a nature journal which of course on the one hand you get pissed but that's
00:44:54.680
how science works people come up earlier than you with the great idea that you thought you had
00:44:59.140
uh but it was it still felt good that you know independently because you feel vindicated
00:45:04.760
because you feel vindicated that that brilliant insight that you had but by the way i also had
00:45:10.320
that insight not insight but that realization when i was working on my latest book the previous book
00:45:17.480
on happiness and you know i would of course you you can't not talk about the ancient greeks when
00:45:25.080
you're talking about you know how to live the good life and so on and so i would get some
00:45:30.240
brilliant insight and i would be sort of looking at myself in the mirror my goodness are you a
00:45:35.980
brilliant guy and then i go to check and i go god damn it epictetus already said this two thousand
00:45:42.000
years ago i'm an idiot that's slightly late slightly so you know uh academia has a a nice way to keep
00:45:50.860
you grounded in that yes of course you come up at times with your own insights but there's a lot of
00:45:56.520
very bright people that have traversed the intellectual landscape before you so you really
00:46:01.180
have to be careful to before you think that you came up with an original thought but i so but to answer
00:46:06.420
your your question of why we feel that there are several arguments for that uh it could just be
00:46:14.160
so there are let me answer in a couple of ways there is a distinction evolutionary theory between
00:46:21.180
something called an adaptation an adaptation is something that confers survival or mating advantage
00:46:28.760
to you an exaptation is a byproduct of an evolutionary process meaning our skeletal system is the color that
00:46:39.480
it is not because it is advantageous for it to be that color but it was just a path dependent
00:46:47.200
engineering reality because of other things that happen that's the color that the sky so it's a
00:46:54.140
byproduct it piggybacked right so one argument would be that you're directing the empathy toward
00:47:02.620
the hapless baby elephant is just the byproduct of the empathy system that evolved society together
00:47:12.020
right so we are a social species and one of the ways that we evolve emotions that keep us well
00:47:22.320
regulated within human sociality is to have empathy and theory of mind so that's why empathy evolves
00:47:30.240
that's the adaptive argument but then it is exapted to the baby elephant in the way that you felt it
00:47:36.700
so i'll just add one one more bit of doubt to the theory that both you and someone in the science journal
00:47:45.140
developed about animals having more empathy to animals the more similar there there are to us
00:47:53.180
because abused children i would argue based on other it interested me very much for a long time
00:47:59.680
because it changed a psychoanalytic psychoanalytic theory the study of children who've had horrible
00:48:05.640
childhoods and many of them uh love animals because they are not like human beings because they are
00:48:13.020
distant from them so they can find empathy and and a sense of a communality with something outside the
00:48:21.400
species because they were traumatized within the species so very interesting so i i i i and i and
00:48:28.860
and some of what we now know i i wish i knew more more uh uh medicine more more of the science of uh of
00:48:39.520
medicine because now we know that the the restructuring of the brain abused children have
00:48:45.800
the the the part of the brain where empathy resides is smaller and less developed and so well we should have
00:48:54.660
another conversation got one day because because you you the meeting of the study of ideas and the
00:49:01.000
and evolutionary theory basically your career is i think one of the most uh fruitful and most
00:49:09.800
hopeful developments in science because because i think that i i don't academia is i don't i i'm not
00:49:19.060
sure it could be reformed anymore so because of the tenure track system and all the rest of it and
00:49:25.120
because because it produces also speaking of evolution bad character because what happens in academia is that
00:49:33.680
the the reward for conformism is just so huge that when an einstein comes along he has to do it outside the
00:49:41.480
university and when a freud comes along he has to do it outside the university or he will be crushed and
00:49:47.100
then freud became a dictator in his own little in his own little cult which which you just flattened by
00:49:53.420
the way with the with the egotistic gene right because because freud's old psychology it says that
00:49:59.900
we are pleasure seeking and we are not if you if you seek survival then then then pleasure is i mean
00:50:07.920
this is what makes me more hopeful egotism is just a false description of human
00:50:16.900
motivation what's your view on that are we altruistic or are we egotistic or is it just the
00:50:24.540
genes and not us yeah very amazing question first if i can uh give you a a a hint of optimism because
00:50:33.720
you you said you know i'm i think that academia is dead i think that there are institutions many of
00:50:40.280
which are contacting me that are trying to solve that problem so i wouldn't to use the old term i
00:50:49.480
wouldn't throw out the baby with the bath water i think that there are problems in academia but there
00:50:54.860
is now a growing movement it's still small but there's a growing movement of either existing
00:51:03.120
institutions that are trying to auto correct or new institutions and believe me i'm at the forefront of
00:51:08.480
that because you know they're all reaching out to me for for obvious reasons so please don't give
00:51:13.300
up hope on academia we we still need you uh regarding the the issue of you know are we inherently egotistic
00:51:19.780
or altruistic so here i'm speaking to a fellow jew and an israeli you'll be happy to uh hear me quote
00:51:28.980
maimonides so in my first my first book uh this is almost 20 years ago now in the evolutionary basis of
00:51:37.000
consumption i talk about uh you know altruism philanthropy right really grand uh pious generosity
00:51:47.120
and i talk about maimonides discussing the eight levels of tzedakah right and and now he maimonides did
00:51:58.120
not call himself an evolutionary psychologist but he was an evolutionary psychologist because he was a
00:52:04.540
he was well and not never mind just because he was a physician but because he is a product of
00:52:10.400
evolution he's a darwinian being so he has access to those evolutionary insights and so what he basically
00:52:16.660
said you'll see in a second how i'm going to link it back to your question what he basically said is
00:52:22.120
that one of the highest levels of tzedakah you know piety and so on is when the recipient of the
00:52:30.420
altruistic act and the benefit and the altruists don't know of each other's identity and that is very
00:52:40.580
pure because then i mean i'm he didn't use these words but i'm using it in my language because then
00:52:47.800
you can't get the social signaling rewards associated right even when you say at hebrew university
00:52:54.620
you don't write it's the anonymous cancer center right it's the rubenstein cancer center it's the
00:53:02.540
it's the gadi cancer center right so even though you are a philanthropist boy are you still getting a lot
00:53:10.220
of social rewards for that you know pure philanthropy so you know it's a it's a philosophical discussion
00:53:19.000
whether there is absolute pure altruism that is fully detached from any ulterior motives my feeling
00:53:27.600
would be along with maimonides that that level of piety is very rare even when i am jumping into the
00:53:35.320
river to save my children ultimately i'm doing it for very clear evolutionary reasons so now let in in
00:53:43.880
closing let me take the ultimate risk with you god please for uh and ask about evolution i've always had
00:53:53.320
doubts about the mathematical validity in terms of uh chance and and com combinations i don't i know the
00:54:04.200
the term in hebrew combinatorica the science of of uh combinatorics combinatorics if the short time
00:54:13.320
that human beings have evolved in was enough to to account for all the coincidences of gene mutations
00:54:22.600
uh filtered through all the changes in environment to produce this unbelievably sophisticated structure
00:54:31.560
and and i and i and and i kept these doubts to myself because you know in in civilized circles
00:54:37.480
you you you don't say these things but then something came to my aid when he when apparently
00:54:45.480
it's been discovered i know too little about it two things basically one is that the the the brain
00:54:52.760
is a self-structuring organism so it's the the way that we are made is also there is intention
00:55:00.760
not not not necessarily ours we may not not have access to this intention in structuring our own our
00:55:08.200
own uh neural uh structure and and then that trauma gets written into the genes somehow i don't know enough
00:55:19.320
about that you probably know more than me and maybe what i said is is is complete rubbish um
00:55:26.200
if so please correct me yeah so let me first mention the the trauma part so that that comes so before
00:55:33.800
darwin the standing accepted evolutionary theory was called lamarckism and so after lamarck which was
00:55:44.440
called the theory of acquired traits meaning that the reason why giraffes have long necks is because they
00:55:52.520
have to you know reach further and further up so that within stretch right so that they stretch and then
00:56:00.040
of course the very easy pithy argument against that is if if it is the case that within the lifespan of
00:56:08.680
the organism changes in its life are passed down then jewish children should be born already circumcised
00:56:17.400
right so meaning that that's not how genetic transfer happens but recently there is some revival of
00:56:28.680
lamarckin theory to your point about trauma this is called the dutch famine studies that the most famous
00:56:36.200
one where you have children in world war ii or sorry grandparents who had gone through severe famine
00:56:46.360
in world war ii somehow the trauma that they experienced not not psychological trauma i mean literal
00:56:53.960
famine physiological trauma has been passed down epigenetically to their ancestors so that's called
00:57:02.600
epigenetic transfer so there is some new hints that the it's not only through direct genetic transference
00:57:12.040
that some of these mechanisms happen so that that's just answering that to your earlier question about
00:57:18.120
uh mathematically it is impossible we could get into the all the technical details the answer is
00:57:25.560
absolutely that's not a very compelling argument with all due respect because the time scale that it
00:57:33.480
takes for these things to happen fully can capture that uh now any alternative that people present usually
00:57:42.680
when from this side of the mouth they say combinatorially it is impossible then from this side of the mouth
00:57:49.320
the next one and i'm not saying that's what you're saying is that's why therefore it must be an intelligent
00:57:54.920
designer who who is somewhere in the sky oh i see him he's right there by the by the by the cloud so it is
00:58:02.440
very very difficult to take seriously the argument that a theory that has now been validated across 30
00:58:11.880
trillion ways since darwin i mean literally there is less evidence for gravity than there is evidence
00:58:19.240
for the theory of evolution that theory is on shaky grounds but there is a guy that looks like moses
00:58:27.560
that is an exquisite designer of the 300 000 species of beetles that that's a more compelling argument
00:58:38.200
i'm going to have to disrespectful i mean respectfully disagree with it but but but doubts about one
00:58:44.840
argument does not mean that you that you adopt another one i personally am not religious but but but but my
00:58:51.640
but there is the the strand of evolution that is completely materialistic uh steven pinker style
00:59:00.920
i i think is is seriously missing something um i had this argument with my dentist who said that we have
00:59:09.320
these tubes in our teeth and when they're hot or cold we experience that as pain and i said what do you
00:59:16.200
mean it is pain he said no you just experience it as pain and and then asked well who is experiencing
00:59:22.280
it and you know where that one goes yeah all the way back to you have a lot more you have a much more
00:59:28.600
interesting dentist than i do i need to go to your dentist my my dentist has retired because he is so
00:59:34.440
he's so smart that he invented something in dentistry which enabled him to stop working and just receiving
00:59:40.040
passive income from here to eternity you should meet him if you are interested in dentistry
00:59:47.160
and so so to conclude uh let me for for the enjoyment of our our listeners because you mentioned
00:59:53.240
lemurian uh um evolution i i don't teach biology but i do teach in in history of ideas spencerian
01:00:01.880
um evolution uh which which unlike darwin is you know teleological because it leads to more and more
01:00:09.800
sophisticated beings and and william james you probably know this used to mock herbert spencer
01:00:15.960
to his students and he described their the herbert spencer's whole theory in one sentence and i'll
01:00:23.320
read it now evolution is a change from a know-how-ish untalkaboutable all-alikeness to a somehow-ish and in
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general talkaboutable not all-alikeness by continuous stick-together rations and something else
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specifications and and once you study that that description it's actually true because the whole
01:00:42.520
the whole view of spencer right is is is things become more specific and need to cooperate so you
01:00:50.680
from one ameba to the whole of the economy there's only one principle and it was once compelling and it's
01:00:56.920
striking in my profession that no one now remembers herbert spencer except antiquarians god this this
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conversation was everything i expected it to be and more as you as you now know i've been speaking
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to you for a while you just didn't hear it and and so it's a pleasure to to have a more reciprocal
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dialogue with you than i'm generally used to so uh in conclusion this is god's new book in in hebrew
01:01:25.880
this is an important cultural war and it's very good for your genetic survival so let your egotistic
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genes get a copy of this book in hebrew thanks very much it was a pleasure thank you god cheers