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00:00:30.000Back in April of 1994, some of the worst atrocities of the modern era broke out in the landlocked Central African country of Rwanda.
00:00:40.060To make a very complicated story short, the dominant tribe in Rwanda, the Hutu tribe, which controlled the government, had the majority of the population,
00:00:48.040for a bunch of different reasons, rose up under the direction of their leaders and attempted to exterminate the minority tribe in the nation called the Tutsis.0.91
00:00:58.520And for 100 days, they did their best.1.00
00:01:00.560They killed hundreds of thousands of them,
00:01:24.560And as the details of what happened during what is now referred to as the Rwandan genocide filtered out to the rest of the world, people were stunned and nauseated by it and really bewildered that something like this could happen.
00:01:38.300Not that long after the most famous genocide in history in the 1940s in Europe.
00:01:44.580To which we'd all said, well, that could never happen again.0.84
00:01:48.620A version of it did happen in Rwanda in 1994.
00:01:53.080But what was even more distressing and in some ways shocking was that the world knew it was happening as it happened and did nothing to stop it and in most cases said nothing about it, even when it was in progress.
00:02:08.960from the very beginning, four days after the genocide in Rwanda started, a Swiss journalist
00:02:15.220in Kilgali, the capital, published a piece in a French newspaper saying, I have interviewed
00:02:20.260eight officials and there's a genocide going on in Rwanda. This ran in a Western paper and then
00:02:26.400was picked up in other Western papers, but no one did anything. So the Red Cross knew it was
00:02:32.620happening. The UN knew it was happening. There were UN troops in Rwanda. The French government
00:02:37.040knew it was happening. There were French troops there. The nation of Israel knew it was happening.
00:02:41.860Israel had been a supporter of the Hutu government for decades. In fact, it seems pretty obvious that0.63
00:02:47.480some of the bullets and grenades used to murder Tutsis were sold to the Hutu government by the
00:02:53.580Israelis. And in fact, there's some evidence, apparently, that the Israeli government sold
00:02:59.520weapons to the Hutu government during the genocide, which were used to murder Tutsis.
00:03:04.680We say apparently because the documents surrounding this have been classified.
00:03:08.820They're under seal per orders of an Israeli court.
00:03:11.840On the grounds that were they to become public, it would be bad for Israel's image globally.
00:13:13.500People who live next door to Hamas supporters, down the street from Hamas supporters, in the same region as Hamas supporters, Arabs, must be killed because they're Arabs.0.99
00:13:27.780How is that any different from Hutu Radio comparing the Tutsis to cockroaches?0.98
00:15:40.080So here you have sitting members of the United States Congress, not simply denying genocide, but encouraging it, gloating over it, celebrating it.
00:26:17.820How did you decide to speak about what you saw in Gaza?
00:26:22.600In fact, how did you wind up going to Gaza in the first place?
00:26:26.040So it was real pure serendipity that I ended up going to Gaza in many ways.
00:26:30.700I was invited more than 20 years ago, maybe in 2006, to go to the West Bank to teach medical
00:26:37.340students at Al-Quds University in Jerusalem, in Ramallah, in Hebron, and did that on a very
00:26:42.540ad hoc basis for a few years. And then I was asked to do the same in Gaza. And I leapt at
00:26:49.980the opportunity because I'd already sort of fallen in love with the Palestinian people. I'd loved
00:26:55.500visiting the West Bank. So I went to Gaza for the first... What did you like? It's weird maybe for
00:26:59.880Americans to hear that because the Palestinians have been so thoroughly maligned by our media
00:27:04.240for so long that people think of them as violent and primitive. What did you like about the
00:27:09.000Palestinians? They're the kindest people I've met. They're profoundly resilient, particularly in Gaza,
00:27:14.220but they're generous. They're kind, very welcoming. I've always been treated wonderfully by them.
00:27:22.400And when you go to Gaza, I mean, you see that even to a different level yet again.
00:27:28.280They are incredibly resilient, incredibly resourceful, but they are the kindest, most generous-hearted, most beautiful people I've ever met in the world.
00:30:39.340I mean, there was vast amount of wreckage of destroyed buildings because this was not, it's worth pointing out that every single trip I've ever been into Gaza, and I've been many times in those 18 to 16 years, I've seen aerial bombardments.
00:38:51.620and we stayed actually on that occasion in a safe house rather than in the hospital and each day
00:38:58.840we our guards and staff colleagues communicate with Kogat which is the liaison branch of the
00:39:05.940Israeli army to check that the route going to the hospital the hospital itself was deconflicted
00:39:11.920so there was a sort of a rope what we thought was a very robust deconfliction process where
00:39:18.360The Israeli military would know that we were driving along such and such a road, we were going to work in such and such a hospital, and we would be safe.
00:40:50.840And since October the 7th, I've been in two hospitals.
00:40:54.360But prior to that, I've worked in all the major hospitals.
00:40:57.580I've had unlimited access throughout all these hospitals.
00:41:01.580And I've been to every square inch of these hospitals.
00:41:04.580you know, NASA medical complex. It was bombed soon after I left most recently. I walked around
00:41:10.860every single part of the hospital and I've never seen anything. I've seen no evidence of Hamas
00:41:15.940military activity. Now, I clearly cannot talk about what's going on in any tunnels because I
00:41:22.140didn't go into any tunnels. I clearly can't talk about what's going on in the hospital outbuilding
00:41:28.520100 meters away or 75 meters away. And there may be that there were Hamas there. I've no idea.
00:41:33.600I can bear witness to what I have seen. But, of course, the Israeli military are not bombing those outbuildings. They've been bombing the clinical areas of these hospitals, where there have been patients, where there have been doctors, where there have been medical students.
00:41:50.220I had been teaching a few weeks previously who were killed in the latest attack on NASA hospitals.
00:41:56.140So they are targeting the clinical areas.
00:42:00.680And I can say with absolute clarity, and indeed all my colleagues have been out there,
00:42:06.720none of us have seen any evidence of Hamas military activity.
00:42:09.220For comparison, again, you gave the numbers, the number of medical personnel
00:42:14.240who have been killed in the Russia-Ukraine war.
00:42:15.880and it's a tiny fraction proportionally of the number who have been killed by the israelis
00:42:21.940how many hospitals have been totally blown up in that war russia ukraine do you think
00:42:26.820i don't know i mean that there has been significant targeting of ukrainian hospitals
00:42:33.280as well and ukraine that the proportion of of healthcare workers killed and hospitals killed
00:59:57.240So we got into Rafa, we got through the sort of Egyptian checkpoints, then the Gazan checkpoints, and we had to drive through Rafa to get to the house we were, the safe house we were living in.
01:00:12.860And this was, so this was, you know, two, two and a half months into it, by which time a lot of people have been displaced from northern Gaza and Gaza City.
01:00:23.000The migration of displaced refugees from the north was like something I've never seen before.
01:00:29.960As we were driving through Rafa and then up the coast road towards middle Gaza, where the hospital we were going to be working in, Deir al-Bala,
01:00:38.080it was it's impossible to put words to it the thousands of people walking down most of them
01:00:46.820walking some of them in horse and cart some of them in in vehicles who'd been displaced and
01:00:52.700were moving down south to get away from ever from from from all the trauma so that to me
01:00:58.320was a site i will never forget seeing these people and of course at that time this is very
01:01:04.080early on, Al-Mawasi, which will be an area you're familiar with. It's what the Israelis,
01:01:10.460paradoxically, were calling the safe area, that everyone was being evacuated in a safe area.
01:05:17.640These are bombs which are designed to cause the maximum amount of tissue destruction, and they did indeed do that.
01:05:27.160So we saw multiple civilians, children, 70% of the people I treated in that first trip were women and children being destroyed by these bombs.
01:05:36.200I mean, I can talk about, you know, the little brother and sister,
01:05:40.700Ala and Aya, a six- and an eight-year-old brother and sister
01:05:46.780who were the sole remaining members of their family.
01:05:50.220Their parents were killed by the bomb.
01:06:01.020These were days when we had completely run out of all pain relief.
01:06:04.780so we had no painkillers to give them before surgery before surgery in the in the er for
01:06:10.980example you resuscitation them um little i an eight-year-old girl had such a badly broken leg
01:06:18.640that it had cut off the blood supply to her foot so that leg had to be straightened in order to
01:06:25.480stop the foot dying and that had to be done without any pain relief and i i'm telling you this i can
01:06:30.260hear her screams as that was done so we we saw awful things and and and we we we a group of us
01:06:40.860who've been out there did a survey of of of about a hundred foreign health care workers who've worked
01:06:48.400in the acute situations and we had this published in the british medical journal british medical
01:06:53.000journal end of last year where we described the pattern of injuries and this has been widely
01:07:00.580disseminated in the medical world now because of the conclusions we drew we described huge and
01:07:08.260terrible shrapnel injuries gunshot wounds burn injuries but what we've described as multiple
01:07:15.740examples of high-energy weapons being used in civilian populations. And the pattern of injuries
01:07:24.100that we described is a pattern that's only previously been described in true combat situations,
01:07:30.980i.e. when soldiers fight soldiers. The pattern of injuries we described using these high-energy
01:07:37.500weapons, missiles, has never been described in civilian populations before in such high numbers,
01:07:43.980Which again, supports the contention that many of us have spoken about, saying that this is evidence of indiscriminate, deliberate, whatever, but mass targeting of civilian populations.
01:08:00.660And when civilians are killed, by definition, it's murder because they're not part of it.
01:09:34.040And of course, they're life-threatening in their own right.
01:09:38.560But of course, the very strong narrative from my most recent trip, although we called this out on earlier trips, was the malnutrition we saw.
01:09:47.640So the starvation, these patients coming in with these terrible injuries, but also profoundly malnourished and their inability to heal from injuries from the surgery.
01:10:00.520So the mortality rate from these injuries was far, far higher than they should have been.
01:10:06.100I'm confused because we had a guy, an American, called Johnny Moore, who's some sort of self-described Christian minister who ran the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation.
01:10:17.460And we were assured directly by him that there's no starvation in Gaza because they were bringing in more than enough food aid.
01:10:28.020Whether that's a deliberate lie or misinformation, I can categorically say there is no truth in that statement whatsoever.
01:10:34.060I spoke out about this publicly back in January 2024 when I, that was three months into the, we were beginning to see the signs of malnutrition.
01:10:47.160i was there again six months later it was much much worse i was there again the following year
01:10:52.700and the the the malnutrition i mean i can i can reel off names of children who i operated on
01:11:02.440who died because they were malnourished i mean i they're imprinted on my mind uh you know little
01:11:11.180habiba a beautiful 11 year old girl who came in she wasn't malnourished she came in but she
01:11:17.520she had a severe explosive injury her her lower esophagus was shattered that's what i do in
01:11:23.740oxford i operate on the esophagus day in day out i spend the whole of one night operating
01:11:29.360reconstructing her esophagus successfully um but because her esophagus was so damaged she couldn't0.55
01:11:36.060eat or drink. She was on a ventilator. We had to tube feed her. We had no nutrition to give her.
01:11:42.540She died after four weeks. Her repairs intact, she died because she had no nutrition.
01:11:49.880Because the hospital had nothing to give her?0.96
01:11:51.400We had no nutrition to give her. We had no nutrition to give any patients at all, Tucker.
01:16:56.320I started speaking to my fellow surgeons in the operating theatres,
01:17:00.580and we all noticed this pattern as well.
01:17:02.580Well, on one day, the Saturday before I left Nassau Hospital to come home to England, four young teenage boys were brought in, all of whom had been shot in the testicles, just the testicles, nowhere else.
01:17:17.340And the pattern of injuries that we all witnessed was so striking that it was clearly beyond coincidental.
01:17:29.380And it seemed to us like there was a game of target practice.
01:17:32.580And these were all children who'd been shot,
01:19:35.360I mean, we interviewed Tony Aguilar, who was one of the American contractors hired to provide security for these sites, who described the same thing.
01:19:42.900And he watched his life overturned as he was slandered by Netanyahu's many defenders in our media, paid liars by Johnny Moore, who ran it, who's now affiliated with Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia.
01:19:55.620And I do hope that the people who run Liberty will sit Mr. Moore down and ask him to respond to what you've just said because you're describing a war crime, one of the most immoral, disgusting scenes I can imagine, which he oversaw.
01:20:09.220And so you hate to think that someone like that could be rewarded by Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia after participating in that.
01:28:52.220Yeah. But that doesn't, you know, there have been some wonderful BBC journalists who I know who've been desperately trying to get this out and have been thwarted. Some of them have ended up resigning because they've been so appalled. But there are many really worthy, passionate journalists who want to get the information out there, but they're being controlled and not being allowed to by their senior editorial boards. So it's been hugely frustrating, hugely frustrating.
01:29:19.200There are also people who've defended it flat out. Certainly here in the United States, there are many people in our media who basically just attack anyone who points out what's happening and slander them as haters and Nazis. What do you think of that?
01:29:34.560I think it's, I mean, it's profoundly dishonest. So I think a lot about why people are denying this and why they're not allowing it to get out. I think there's, certainly in my country, there's a lot of cowardice, a huge amount of cowardice, both in the media.
01:29:54.340I talk a lot about how our institutions in the UK have failed Gaza,
01:29:59.500our academic institutions, our medical institutions,
01:31:45.420It's about the way that the UK media and the government has been complicit in this genocide in Gaza.
01:31:51.700And it lays bare all these things about how compromised our politicians are, how compromised our institutions are, how compromised our media is.
01:32:00.600I'll never forget maybe 10 years ago, you had this head of the Labour Party who was, you know, an old leftist, old kind of pro-Soviet leftist.
01:32:09.100I didn't have much in common with him.
01:33:32.360Yeah, yeah. And having spoken, I don't believe there's an anti-Semitic cell in his body. I think he is passionately supportive of the Palestinians, and that is what his motivation has been. He tried to pass a bill through Parliament to get a tribunal to investigate what's being done, and it was clearly turned down.
01:33:52.000He ran his own independent tribunal, to which I contributed my evidence as well.
01:33:57.580But there was evidence from a whole host of people.
01:34:02.460And it speaks volumes about the people who have witnessed what's going on out in Gaza
01:34:10.100and are desperate to get the truth out there, what's really going on,
01:34:15.720and describing how the attempts to shut them down have been unacceptable.
01:34:21.760Well, so I think it's, the only reason I bring this up, British politics is obviously not my world at all.
01:34:26.240I'm definitely non-partisan when it comes to British politics.
01:34:28.560But I think at some point when it becomes clear what happened, that there was, you know, the largest ethnic cleansing attempt since the Second World War, since the Nazis, right on the edge of Europe, right across the Mediterranean from Europe, like right there, with money and support from the United States and from Britain.
01:34:51.180And the question is going to arise, like, how did this happen?
01:34:54.320Where are the people who are supposed to say something about it?
01:34:56.360Like, how are they able to do this in sight of the world and the world did nothing?
01:35:00.800And I think these are part of the answer.
01:35:03.720Yeah, I mean, it is unfathomable how the world has allowed this to happen.
01:35:07.840But the evidence is, I mean, I've been to the International Criminal Court on several occasions to give my evidence.
01:35:15.440And the evidence they have is vast amount of evidence they have now.
01:37:35.180I am a humanitarian and I am reporting what I've seen with my own eyes.
01:37:40.580I've borne witness to what I believe to be war crimes almost on a daily basis.
01:37:47.640I've, you know, the clearest evidence I can imagine in the absence of being an international lawyer of genocide being carried out, ethnic cleansing being carried out.0.53
01:37:58.600It seems to me, I'm astonished that anyone can look at the evidence and not see what is going on there.
01:38:12.020And the evidence is so clear that I think those that refuse to acknowledge it have malign intentions in suppressing that.
01:38:23.500And it's hard not to see design in all of this.
01:38:26.220I mean, the IHRA definition of anti-Semitism, which now has the force of law in a lot of the world, is a crime to say certain things thanks to this definition.
01:38:36.080And in that definition, one of the examples given is any comparison between the actions of the Israeli government and the German Nazi regime of the 1930s and 40s.
01:38:46.580it kind of seems like because that's the obvious compare of course is the obvious comparison
01:38:52.200it kind of seems like that was a preemptive attempt to keep people from noticing the obvious
01:38:58.440yeah i mean i'm i'm i i see the great value of my testimony describing what i'm seeing rather than
01:39:07.640trying to make comparisons right no that's fair and i think i think that and i've seen many other
01:39:13.080healthcare workers being there do this
01:41:04.040He was interviewed by the BBC, the Radio 4.
01:41:06.960today program which is our sort of flagship news program in the morning um and they gave him six
01:41:13.120seven minutes and he interviewed brilliantly um and then immediately after that they introduced
01:41:20.000they interviewed one of the israeli spokesman called david menser who had used to work in
01:41:28.840in i think he headed up uk uh labor friends of israel or something but anyway he was interviewed
01:41:34.520And he started off by saying, well, it's important your listeners understand that we know that man who you just interviewed is not a proper doctor.
01:41:42.260We know he is a senior commander in the Hamas military and that you cannot accept anything of what he said for the truth.
01:41:52.880Now, I'm not talking about my opinion here.0.76
01:41:56.060I'm talking about what are clear facts.
01:45:52.520But it does seem to be there's a very, very vocal sort of group of commentators on the right who speak out a lot in support of Israel and are very successful in calling out those who are speaking against it.
01:48:09.580So it's made it very, very difficult for humanitarian teams to get in there.
01:48:16.860So how do hospitals in the one remaining hospital in Gaza, which, by the way, I should have asked at the outset, what do you think the population of Gaza is right now?
01:48:27.180So the official figures from the Ministry of Health, recognized by the United Nations and indeed recognized by the Israeli military now, is about 76,000 killed by trauma alone.
01:48:41.700The Lancet Medical Journal, which has published brilliantly.
01:48:48.800The Lancet Medical Journal, which has published brilliantly, estimates, because there are many thousands of people buried under the rubble, including friends of mine.
01:48:56.280So they estimate with great authority, I think, that that has underestimated it by about 50%.
01:49:05.860So there are probably 100,000 killed directly by trauma, but that excludes the excess deaths.
01:49:16.620We'll remember that term from the COVID pandemic, those people dying of non-COVID-related causes like cancer or kidney disease.
01:49:24.640In Gaza, there has been no cancer really being treated for two and a half years.
01:49:31.660Many of the dialysis machines in Shifa Hospital were destroyed by the Israeli army when they went in there.
01:49:37.520So there are many other, there's 350,000 people in Gaza who have chronic illnesses that require regular medical treatment, which aren't being treated.
01:49:47.060So there are many infectious diseases, malnutrition we've talked about.
01:49:50.180So there are many, many people dying of excess deaths. Now, the Lancet estimates, again, the Lancet estimated 18 months ago that that figure was probably about 180,000 on top of the trauma deaths. There are other estimates, and of course, these are difficult to be overly accurate, but there are some estimates that it's at least several hundred thousand. I heard one estimate saying it was over half a million excess deaths.
01:50:18.840Now, even if you just take the first perhaps conservative Lancet figure of 186,000, when you include the trauma deaths, that's over a quarter of a million.
01:50:31.260That is well over 10% of the population of Gaza.
01:50:34.720And the more extreme examples are more than 20% of the population of Gaza.
01:50:39.540So the population of Gaza on October the 6th, 2023 was about 2.2 million.
01:54:28.860I mean, there is the clearest evidence, in my view, that our governments are complicit in what's going on there, and they need to be held to account.
01:54:41.760Last question, do you plan to go back?