Viktor Orban is the longest serving Prime Minister in Europe and one of the most popular politicians in the world. He has been in office for over twenty-five years and has served as Prime Minister of Hungary for the past 15 years. He is a fierce opponent of the European Union, the EU, and the liberal elite and has been a hero in the eyes of many, especially in the media and among his own people. In this episode, Orban talks about the challenges he has faced and the lessons he has learned from them.
00:00:36.580And I was just thinking back when I worked at a giantly publicly traded news company and interviewed you for the first time.
00:00:45.020You're a democratically elected leader of a European nation, and it was considered controversial to interview you because your ideas were considered eccentric.
00:00:54.700And they included emphasis on the middle class and families.
00:00:58.780They included, above all, secure borders, serving your citizens before you serve foreigners.
00:01:05.920And that was all considered super radical and dangerous.
00:01:08.760And I wonder if you feel vindicated years later by watching what happened to the rest of Europe when they didn't follow those simple ideas.
00:01:16.580So now we lost all the real attraction, what we have done previously, and Donald Trump took away all the attraction of the international politics.
00:01:31.760So we have done something for 15 years in Hungary, in a liberal headwind, stopping migration, defending traditional values, respecting religious communities, no Green Deal, low taxation.
00:01:52.340So everything which is unorthodox in the mind of the liberals.
00:02:13.820And that's, may I say, very much helpful to Hungary.
00:02:18.080Because, you know, I tried to make some jokes on how the last 15 years was, but it was serious.
00:02:23.380So when you have one boot from the United States on your chest, and one from Brussels, European Union, trying to kill you and to deliver evidences that that way of government and governance cannot work, it's difficult to survive.
00:02:36.960So now we remember back in a happy way, but that was very serious.
00:02:57.700I remember one of your advisors telling me years ago, whispering to me at dinner, that the U.S. government, the State Department and agencies like USAID were working against you, funding your opposition indirectly, and really trying to subvert democracy in your country and thinking, boys, can that be true?
00:03:52.440So if we take this whole thing not as a political one, but rather as a moral issue, the fact is that the liberal elite of the West used the taxpayers' money of United States citizens to spread their ideology all around the world.
00:04:08.460And financed in Hungary more than 60 NGOs, paid politicians, media outlets, you know.
00:04:16.240So it was a plot against our sovereignty and independence.
00:04:27.780And the same has happened from the Brazilian budget, which is even more scandalous, may I say, because we pay the money in the Brazilian budget and they finance our enemies at home.
00:05:14.280So that was a way how the American Democrats thought they can open the gates for their business activity.
00:05:21.280If they change the governments, which insisted, insisting on having sovereignty and standing and fight for themselves, it's more difficult to find business possibilities for those speculators.
00:05:36.300Soros, Soros is a Hungarian guy, George Soros kind of speculators can find easier way to generate money and to make profit on your economy.
00:05:59.800In Europe, probably it's difficult to understand.
00:06:04.100But I'm sure that the leaders of the left in Western Europe deeply convinced that if they let the migrants in, which are basically Muslims, poor Muslim persons, and let them to be combined with the traditional Christian society, and they manage a kind of integration, the outcome of this whole process will be a better and happier society.
00:06:31.720And that's the reason why George Soros published his plan.
00:06:36.360It was signed by himself saying that the European Union should let one million migrants every year to move to Europe.
00:06:47.220And then, you know, I always said that it belongs to the decision of the national government.
00:06:53.140And so if the Germans or the French would like to make that historical research project, how to improve their society, let's do it.
00:07:02.620But let us, those who do not believe that the outcome will be a good thing, not to do that.
00:07:08.120So Hungary never tried to educate anybody how a society could be better or worse.
00:07:13.800We always said that, guys, let us to make our own decision and to let migrants in or keep them out.
00:07:21.100It's exclusively belonging to our nations as a decision.
00:07:25.960So don't force us from Brussels or from Washington that migration is good.
00:07:32.400And those who are not letting the migrants in definitely must be bad guys.
00:09:33.880Well, it's certainly a vindication for you.
00:09:36.580If I could just go back to something you said.
00:09:38.120You said that Soros and his aligned NGOs and the movement that he represents has pushed these things because they sincerely believe them to be true.
00:09:47.020But they haven't pushed them on any nation outside the West.
00:09:52.240No one is pushing China to let in a million or 10 million relative to its size migrants a year.
00:10:50.540Sometimes they are ashamed to belong to a nation because they think that nation is a bad thing.
00:10:55.880So if you think that nation is something good and you are proud of it and you think that you have to work for your nation to be competitive and better than the others,
00:11:03.400it's an awful Nazis, you know, extreme right something.
00:12:13.780And I think now we have a problem of democracy because of the migration.
00:12:17.280It's not just a problem of migration, a problem of democracy.
00:12:19.780Because if you have an elite, which is not ready to accept the obvious public will of your voters, instead of accepting that forcing against the population their own crazy ideas, it raised the problem of democracy.
00:12:38.320Because now there's a quite strong shift in the mindset of the Western societies.
00:12:45.520Previously, at the beginning of the mass migration period, I'm speaking about 15, 2015, 2016, there were half and half of the societies, even probably more than half, was in favor of doing something good, in favor of those who were considered as refugees.
00:13:10.060Then slowly but surely turned to be that they are not refugees, basically.
00:14:00.520So now the society is against the mass migration policy.
00:14:04.580So willkommen culture, as it was called by Angela Merkel, now it's totally negative.
00:14:10.520And the problem is that the elite was so much committed to that ideology that now it's difficult to change their position.
00:14:18.160And that leads us to the problem of democracy.
00:14:23.240As we will see in Germany just soon, election is coming two weeks' time.
00:14:27.380So, and you probably have realized that there were some surprising discussion in the German parliament whether to change the migration regulation or not.
00:14:36.440And the public opinion said, 70% said, yes, you should change it.
00:15:04.860But at the same time, don't forget that democracy is a word we use too much, probably too often without understanding exactly what does it mean.
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00:20:29.220If you could just speculate, I know it's not your country, and when all the rest of Europe is gone, I have no doubt Hungary will remain, as it has for, you know, a thousand years.
00:20:41.060But why do you think even now there's no country?
00:20:45.200Nord Stream, to me, as a total outsider, seems like a pivot point in the history of Europe.
00:20:52.060Right, and obviously, it was also the largest emission of greenhouse gases caused by humans in the history of civilization, and no one mentioned it.
00:21:05.840And every time I bring it up in Europe, people look embarrassed and try to walk away from me.
00:21:09.000So, I think the basic reason is that in the last several decades, there was a strong alliance between the American liberal elite and the European liberal elite.
00:21:23.020And they agree always, what is the issue and what is not the issue?
00:21:26.780If they decided that something is not an issue, it was not an issue.
00:21:30.040And the Germans were part of that kind of transatlantic liberal alliance.
00:21:36.680And they were managed to stop all the voices which tried to raise the question, which is a serious one anyway.
00:22:43.400But I also think, and tell me, I'd love your perspective on this.
00:22:46.680It's my instinct that the fortunes of Europe, the economic fortunes of Europe, security condition of Europe, really matters to the United States.
00:22:54.020Because it's just inexorably, it's fundamentally part of a bloc.
00:25:44.880And we have the leadership program because bureaucrats cannot lead anything politically.
00:25:49.720When everything is going well, bureaucrats are not harmful because things are going well.
00:25:56.580But when there are difficulties and decisions must be made, like now we should make an offer to the United States,
00:26:02.340the bureaucrats will never do that because they are bureaucrats.
00:26:05.080Bureaucrats are interested in status quo, not to provide political leadership for your community.
00:26:09.340So, that's another problem inside the European Union.
00:26:12.280But I would not like to speak too much about other countries because my job is to preserve the sovereignty and good chances for the future of my own nation.
00:26:22.380So, what I am doing now, I try to find a way how we can have a good relation with the United States to make some deals on economy as big as we can.
00:26:30.520We are working on that and try to create an economic policy which makes Hungary successful, even if the European Union exists or the European Union does not exist.
00:27:14.220If you don't do something in three years' time to push down the price of the energy and to make Europe competitive, especially by creating a capital market at the European Union level, the European Union economy is over.
00:27:28.180So, now we pay three, four times higher price for the electricity than you do it in the United States.
00:27:35.720And five, six times higher price for gas than you do in the United States.
00:27:42.560And then you run a policy, and Donald Trump president will do so even more, to attract the capitals from all over the world to the United States.
00:27:50.980So, the capital will move out from Europe to the United States and to other places as well.
00:27:55.320So, we have to do something to keep the capital inside the European Union.
00:27:58.860But we don't have a strategy how to do it.
00:28:01.320So, now the European Union is really at a watershed.
00:28:11.320So, now, but taking seriously the global responsibility, of course.
00:28:16.660But the problem is not the global climate issue.
00:28:19.040The problem is that if you would like to find a solution for a global issue like climate issue, you can't do it against the business community.
00:28:29.280So, if you don't convince the business community that they could be part of this whole process, involvement again, to involve them into that policy.
00:28:39.460If you don't do that, but ideologically led political movement, green movement, you do like that, you know, it's hopeless.
00:29:13.740And the problem is, the problem is that the European institutions cannot reform it, cannot provide leadership because it's a strange creature of the European Union.
00:29:22.520So, the only possibility to have a leadership if the French and the German government is strong, stable, visionary, and take the lead.
00:29:33.400So, why not a different structure with, you know, an alliance of countries that have something in common, a common worldview, similar economies, say, east of Switzerland, central and eastern Europe, and then sort of let, you know, France and Britain sort of enjoy the fruits of, you know, of the decisions that they've made.
00:29:59.380And central European leaders have their own strategy.
00:30:01.620So, our main criticism to the European Union at this moment, that they launch wars with everybody who could be important partners for your economy.
00:30:10.820We launched a war on ideology, Donald Trump, President Donald Trump.
00:30:15.220We launched a war with China on trade issues.
00:30:19.820We initiated the tariff war with China.
00:30:22.520And then we launched a war with Russia on energy.
00:30:43.360And we maintained the communication and cooperation even with the Russians.
00:30:47.680So, connectivity is the word, not blocking.
00:30:50.120The European Union tried to build a block instead of running connectivity, strategy based on connectivity and do on a common sense based business with everybody who can provide something good for the European Union.
00:31:03.880So, but central Europe does exactly what I'm saying about Slovaks do it, Hungary do it, Serbia do it.
00:31:12.020There's a famous, the first famous picture of you is from 1989 getting arrested by security, Russian-backed security forces.
00:31:18.940You're a student protest leader against the effective Russian occupation of your country in Eastern Europe.
00:31:24.840So, with that in mind, I've listened for the past three years to you denounced as a Putin puppet in our press.
00:36:22.900Can you just describe, for those who haven't, I mean, you're very much, you know, you're not far from the fighting, by the way, for people who haven't looked at a map.
00:36:29.700So, can you describe the effects on Europe of this war, for those of us who don't live on the continent?
00:36:34.980Like, what effects has this had, do you think?
00:36:38.220So, just start with a very narrow Hungarian approach.
00:36:42.860Because of the sanctions and the war, we are losing every year around 7 billion euro.
00:36:48.960So, Hungary is a small country, can you imagine?
00:47:45.020I mean, I live in the United States, so I live in such a North Korean news vacuum that I was shocked when I spoke to you in the summer of 2022 and asked, who do you think will win this war?
00:48:21.600One is that they have an interpretation of the Second World War, that Russia was able to win against Germany just because the Anglo-Saxons supported them.
00:48:39.100I think to a certain extent it was true.
00:48:41.540So a lot of support came from the United States, especially to Russia, especially ammunition, weapons, and so on.
00:48:48.780So I can't say that that was the precondition.
00:48:51.340I don't underestimate the heroic attempts of the Russians to defend their own land, even against the Hungarians anyway, because we were on the other side.
00:48:59.240But it's true that the alliance with the West played a role that Russia was able to survive the German attacks.
00:49:07.120So that's exaggeration on the Western side of that story, probably.
00:49:13.440And the second, don't forget that in the 90s, I was prime minister when President Putin came into power.
00:49:29.500In the 90s, there was the Washington Consensus, which is a theory of how to reorganize the world economy, privatization, competitiveness, and so on.
00:49:43.280And global capitalists started to invest into Russia.
00:49:48.720Russia, and they had a feeling that now they find the key how to integrate the Russian economy and the huge, vast Russian territories and the raw materials, energy supply territories into the world economy.
00:51:47.240They would be part of the world economy based on the Russian interest, not on the Washington consensus principles or something like that, you know.
00:52:19.560How would you rate Zelenskyy as the leader of Ukraine?
00:52:24.520So first of all, even if I have many critical remarks, it does not matter if we take the proper vantage point to see what has happened in Ukraine in the last years.
00:52:39.380They decided to go into a war, to defend their own territory, their own right to join NATO and to be part of the Western architecture, security and economic architecture.
00:53:04.260So I'm very cautious to make any critical remarks on the president or Ukraine, because what they have done is really something heroic and historical, to resist to that power like Russia for that long time, you know.
00:53:20.000So it's whatever political mistakes they have done, the fact itself, the fight, you know, and sacrifice is something we have to say that that's really heroic.
00:54:28.500So I was sure that sooner or later, they will be let alone and say, guys, war is over, financial support is over, military support is over, let's make a deal.
00:54:38.520Even if you have huge losses, this is the right moment.
00:54:41.400We would not like to risk World War III.
00:54:44.360We would not like to risk a direct conflict with Russia on military fields.
00:54:50.100So my heart is with the Ukrainians, but they are in a big, big, big trouble because of the position they have now on this whole issue.
00:55:02.080Many billions of dollars of Western weapons have flowed into Ukraine.
00:55:44.240So the new Defense Secretary of the United States, Pete Hegseth, gave a speech two days ago in which he started by saying Ukraine is not joining NATO.
00:56:12.580You live in the United States and it's probably difficult to imagine the strength of liberal dictatorship of public life we are living under in Europe.
00:56:24.060So, you know, the pressure from the liberal public opinion is so strong on the leaders that in the last three years, all the European leaders follow the same track.
00:56:38.760So try to imagine that a big European nation leader says that we have to support Ukraine, whatever does it take.
00:56:49.100We have to do, this is a moral based position.
00:57:58.600Optimistically, though, if you believe, you know, I think the Trump administration really, the president has said it a number of times, we need to end this.
00:58:07.460Do you think it's possible that we see like a permanent resolution within the next six months?
00:59:32.480Where do you think the European public is?
00:59:36.260You said a couple of times that the behavior of the leadership of some Western nations calls into question democracy itself.
00:59:44.100Is there accurate public polling information on how Europeans, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Brits, how they actually feel about the war in Ukraine?