This is Gavin Newsom - February 13, 2026


And, This Is What The Founding Fathers Were Worried About With Jon Meacham


Episode Stats

Length

1 hour and 17 minutes

Words per Minute

142.4274

Word Count

11,079

Sentence Count

688

Misogynist Sentences

11

Hate Speech Sentences

17


Summary

In honor of Black History Month, the podcast Selective Ignorance With Mandy B unpacks Black history and culture with comedy, clarity, and conversations that shake the status quo. This week, Mandy is joined by historian John Meacham to discuss the Super Bowl halftime show, Bad Bunny, Kid Rock, and more.


Transcript

00:00:00.000 It's the war of all against all. It's this constant reality show, but his reality show is our reality.
00:00:06.040 People fought at Lexington and Concord and at Yorktown so that reason and deliberation would
00:00:11.340 at least have a chance against force and accident. Despair is a sin. Cynicism is a sin. Democracy
00:00:18.320 has to deliver or democracy doesn't survive. This is Gavin Newsom. And this is John Meacham.
00:00:30.000 This is an iHeart Podcast. Guaranteed human.
00:00:35.740 1969. Malcolm and Martin are gone. America is in crisis. At a Morehouse College, the students make their move.
00:00:43.160 These students, including a young Samuel L. Jackson, locked up the members of the Board of Trustees,
00:00:48.940 including Martin Luther King Sr. It's the true story of protest and rebellion in Black American history
00:00:55.000 that you'll never forget. I'm Hans Charles. I'm Menelik Lumumba.
00:00:58.800 Listen to the A-Building on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
00:01:05.540 Over the last couple years, didn't we learn that the folding chair was invented by Black people
00:01:10.300 because of what happened in Alabama?
00:01:12.920 This Black History Month, the podcast Selective Ignorance with Mandy B unpacks Black history
00:01:17.400 and culture with comedy, clarity, and conversations that shake the status quo.
00:01:21.720 The Crown Act in New York was signed in July of 2019, and that is a bill that was passed to prohibit
00:01:26.540 discrimination based on hairstyles associated with race.
00:01:29.400 To hear this and more, listen to Selective Ignorance with Mandy B from the Black Effect Podcast Network
00:01:34.720 on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
00:01:38.740 I'm Bowen Yang.
00:01:39.840 And I'm Matt Rogers.
00:01:40.760 During this season of the Two Guys, Five Rings podcast, in the lead-up to the Milan Cortina
00:01:46.260 at 2026 Winter Olympic Games, we've been joined by some of our friends.
00:01:50.340 Hi, Bowen!
00:01:50.960 Hi, Matt!
00:01:51.720 Hey, Elmo!
00:01:53.320 Hey, Matt!
00:01:53.940 Hey, Bowen!
00:01:54.760 Hi, Cookie!
00:01:55.760 Hi!
00:01:56.660 Now, the Winter Olympic Games are underway, and we are in Italy to give you experiences
00:02:01.340 from our hearts to your ears.
00:02:04.020 Listen to Two Guys, Five Rings on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get
00:02:08.920 your podcasts.
00:02:09.480 You can scroll the headlines all day and still feel empty.
00:02:16.280 I'm Ben Higgins, and If You Can Hear Me is where culture meets the soul.
00:02:20.060 Honest conversations about identity, loss, purpose, peace, faith, and everything in between.
00:02:26.180 Celebrities, thinkers, everyday people, some have answers, most are still figuring it out.
00:02:31.800 And if you've ever felt like there has to be more to the story, this show is for you.
00:02:35.440 Listen to If You Can Hear Me on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you
00:02:41.260 get your podcasts.
00:02:42.640 John Meacham, thank you for joining us today on the podcast.
00:02:46.380 This weekend seemed to me a perfect distillation of our political life.
00:02:53.900 You had the Super Bowl halftime show, Bad Bunny.
00:02:57.540 We then had this alternative programming with Kid Rock, Turning Point USA.
00:03:02.520 And it's interesting, I was turning on, I get my blog every morning of headlines, and
00:03:08.180 I thought, just read these headlines and get your reflection.
00:03:10.880 It says, how the NFL lost America at halftime.
00:03:14.500 Next headline, it's exactly why.
00:03:16.640 Halftime shows exactly what the left wants America to look like.
00:03:21.480 The anti-American Super Bowl halftime show should be a wake-up call to real Americans.
00:03:27.180 Those are just some of the headlines this morning reflecting on Sunday's events.
00:03:34.740 How do those events shape your thinking about the world we're living in at this moment?
00:03:38.640 And how should we look at them through the prism of so much of the work that you've done
00:03:43.440 as an historian that has been chronicling events dissimilar and not dissimilar to those
00:03:51.040 we're experiencing today?
00:03:51.920 Well, thanks for having me, Governor.
00:03:54.980 I think one of the things that we have to deal with is politics and culture have become
00:04:03.520 so entwined.
00:04:05.220 And that's a newish thing.
00:04:07.480 It's not entirely new.
00:04:09.080 But the notion that we would have had a debate about the halftime show in the Reagan years
00:04:15.360 is a little crazy, right?
00:04:17.560 So, and that's actually what the 45th and 47th president wants.
00:04:25.880 No American president, and I'm very careful, when I say something's unprecedented, it's against
00:04:30.400 my business model.
00:04:31.780 So when I say it, you know, pay attention.
00:04:35.620 No American president has ever had the grip on the mind share of the country.
00:04:42.180 And it's part of his strategy.
00:04:45.820 It's ubiquity.
00:04:47.600 It's exhaustion.
00:04:49.060 I feel guilty because I fall prey to it.
00:04:52.440 I get, I'm not sure what to react to every day.
00:04:56.920 And so sometimes I just think I'm going to stay in the 1950s, right?
00:05:01.880 Or the 1850s or the 1750s.
00:05:04.220 But that's the strategy, and we can't fall prey to it, because men hit Omaha Beach.
00:05:13.440 People took risks in the Underground Railroad.
00:05:17.360 People fought at Lexington Concord and at Yorktown, so that, as Alexander Hamilton said, reason
00:05:23.680 and deliberation would at least have a chance against force and accident.
00:05:28.620 And to me, that's the, whether it's the Super Bowl or ICE or these lies about the election,
00:05:37.700 which we should talk about, because I think that's a genuinely unique thing we have to
00:05:43.480 deal with.
00:05:44.860 It's about reason and deliberation versus raw force and accident.
00:05:50.940 And we have a choice to make.
00:05:53.180 We haven't been invaded by aliens, right?
00:05:56.160 This is part of who we are.
00:05:59.180 One of the things, with all respect to Democratic politicians, that I resist when I hear is a
00:06:08.160 lot of your colleagues around the country will say, this isn't who we are.
00:06:12.640 Well, of course it's who we are.
00:06:14.700 What matters is, what is 51% of us?
00:06:17.900 You know, and that's where I think our attention has to be, is not thinking that this is a 90-10
00:06:26.060 question.
00:06:26.960 It's a big, complicated, disputatious democracy.
00:06:30.200 You govern a state that would, what, be the fifth largest economy or something?
00:06:34.560 Yeah, fourth today, fifth next year with India's rise.
00:06:37.560 But yeah, the size of 21 state populations combined, put it in perspective.
00:06:40.940 Yeah, so it's vast and it's uneven because, and, you know, you all have, don't have proportionate
00:06:48.680 power because of the way the constitutional structure was set up.
00:06:54.060 But that's the system we have.
00:06:56.700 And one of the things I think we're learning, and I say that, I say this as a centrist, look,
00:07:01.640 I'm George H.W.
00:07:02.620 Bush's biographer.
00:07:03.960 You know, I know I look really radical.
00:07:05.920 My fashion sense comes from Fred McMurray and my three sons, right?
00:07:10.420 So I'm not exactly, you know, a member of the squad.
00:07:15.440 That said, I am a constitutionalist, not because the Constitution is perfect, but because it
00:07:22.400 was, in fact, the best they could come up with to keep a really complicated, even then,
00:07:30.920 a complicated, now even more complicated, populace, together, obeying a social covenant, which
00:07:40.980 is that we respect each other because it's in our interest to.
00:07:44.980 If you respect me, I'm more likely to respect you.
00:07:48.580 And it's against human nature, right?
00:07:51.540 It's a lot, you know, democracy is about give and take, and it's a lot more fun to take than
00:07:55.720 to give.
00:07:56.940 The point is that just enough of us give so that we have this path forward.
00:08:03.160 John, when you say it's not who we are as sort of an observation, perhaps a critique and
00:08:09.140 clap back to some of the utterances that people make, including members of my party, you mean
00:08:17.040 that historically, I mean, democracy is us, and we've always been messy.
00:08:20.980 You talk about 51%.
00:08:22.380 Is that what you mean, ultimately, that we are, we're both and, we're complicated.
00:08:27.860 You talk about Jackson and the cruelty, the competency, both and.
00:08:30.920 I mean, this notion that it's a messy, we're messy.
00:08:34.320 Entirely, I'm sure you're a better person than I am.
00:08:36.900 That's not hard, so don't get cocky.
00:08:39.120 But I know that if I do the right thing, 51% of the time, that's a hell of a good day.
00:08:44.620 And I don't have that many of them.
00:08:46.520 And a democracy is the fullest manifestation of all of us.
00:08:49.420 You know, we're celebrating, commemorating the 250th.
00:08:53.820 But here's what I think is as true as anything.
00:08:59.720 We've really only been a multiracial democracy since 1965, right?
00:09:06.120 We're 60 years, we're 65 years old.
00:09:08.520 We're not 250 years old.
00:09:10.660 So how, you know, I think about, if you look like the two of us, it's been a great 250 years.
00:09:21.260 If you don't look like us, it's been a little rougher.
00:09:24.260 And so that's not to say, oh, the past is terrible.
00:09:28.980 Let's cancel it.
00:09:30.080 It's not that.
00:09:32.080 But we have to look at the past, you know, I think not with a censorious heart or with a kind of mindless celebration.
00:09:41.240 But we look it in the eye, we realize that there were competing forces, our appetites and ambitions shaped us, and yet just enough of us at critical points fought for independence, achieved the end, finally the end of slavery, undid legalized Jim Crow, defeated Hitler, stood against Soviet totalitarianism.
00:10:06.220 And it wasn't foreordained, but just enough of us did it.
00:10:12.520 And so the question now, really, is will just enough of us say that this authoritarian adjacent administration and this movement that is more about, I think, identity and power than any actual ideological or policy agenda, will that prevail?
00:10:33.040 How proximate is it to prior times in our history?
00:10:38.720 I mean, we are all so prone.
00:10:40.480 It's never been like this before.
00:10:42.140 And I mean, I imagine you clap back on that pretty aggressively.
00:10:46.580 I do.
00:10:47.140 I think whenever you say clap back, I think about Speaker Pelosi at that State of the Union.
00:10:53.700 Ripping up the speech.
00:10:56.140 Oh, God.
00:10:57.720 Yeah.
00:10:58.360 Speaker Pelosi is like if Napoleon had worn Manolo Blahniks, right?
00:11:02.780 I mean, she's an incredible, incredible woman.
00:11:07.020 I do whatever she says because it's easier to say yes quickly.
00:11:10.700 Trust me.
00:11:11.420 You have no idea.
00:11:13.380 Remember, you're talking to me.
00:11:15.280 I'm sitting up in my chair right now.
00:11:17.420 I know.
00:11:17.940 Isn't it amazing?
00:11:19.920 So here's my confession where I was wrong and where I think I'm right.
00:11:26.080 For the first four years, almost exactly, I thought President Trump was a difference of degree but not kind.
00:11:37.000 That is, from 15 to 20, almost everything he did.
00:11:42.760 I mean, the behavior is horrible.
00:11:44.560 But in terms of discernible public action, you could find it, all right, that's Huey Long, that's George Wallace.
00:11:52.320 You know, you could sort of place it and it was recognizable.
00:11:56.600 That changed in what I call the unfolding January 6th.
00:12:02.640 It's not just January 6th.
00:12:04.740 It was the fake electors.
00:12:06.620 It was the durability of the lies.
00:12:09.580 It was the attempt to manufacture a crisis that, since we're going to dork out for a second, I'll throw this out at you.
00:12:16.920 And if Mike Pence had not done what he did, you know, the plan, as they said, was to create so much chaos that the House would have to make the decision.
00:12:31.120 If Trump had prevailed in the House in 2021, what do you do if you have a constitutionally sanctioned remedy for an illegal result?
00:12:42.060 Right?
00:12:42.620 I mean, how do you, what do you do?
00:12:44.740 And what is, what I think is a particularly virulent and is going to prove to be particularly stubborn legacy of this movement of Trump and President Trump and the MAGA is this distrust in elections whose results you don't like.
00:13:07.900 If you think historically, Adams didn't do it in 1800, Andrew Jackson in 1824 hashtagged it.
00:13:18.280 He branded it a corrupt bargain, but he came back to Nashville and ran again.
00:13:23.080 Nobody stormed the Capitol.
00:13:25.940 Douglas and Breckinridge didn't do it in 1860.
00:13:30.220 Richard Nixon didn't do it in 1960.
00:13:32.580 Hubert Humphrey didn't do it in 1968.
00:13:34.900 Gerald Ford didn't do it in.
00:13:35.980 These are infinitesimal elections.
00:13:39.020 And of course, most famously, our friend Al Gore didn't do it in 2000.
00:13:44.240 And so that is a difference, not of degree, but of kind.
00:13:49.700 And it is about the social covenant, right?
00:13:53.380 It's about you accept rules and you accept when you lose because you trust the arena and you trust that the next time you might prevail.
00:14:06.380 And when that gets broken, when that trust is gone, which is what President Trump wants to do, right?
00:14:11.600 He wants us fighting about the Super Bowl.
00:14:13.960 He wants us just battling constantly because his view of the world is Hobbesian fundamentally.
00:14:22.160 I don't think, you know, it's that it's the war of all against all.
00:14:25.260 It's this constant reality show.
00:14:27.940 But the problem is, of course, as you know better than anybody, his reality show is our reality.
00:14:32.920 You look back, I mean, you're as a historian and you made the point about being a centrist and made the point about work you've done with the Bush family, notably George H.W. Bush.
00:14:45.480 And I want to go back to that in a moment.
00:14:49.840 Have you found yourself because of Trump to show more of your bias or do you feel your objectivity is still whole?
00:15:00.040 Meaning you are analyzing the facts.
00:15:02.860 They may come through the prism or the lens, which we see them as a little bit more partisan, but that they are sort of moored still in your objectivity as an historian.
00:15:11.700 Yeah, so I have a slightly different view of this than a lot of historians do.
00:15:19.100 I'm basically a biographer, and so I paint portraits.
00:15:23.360 And so if you'll stick with this metaphor with me.
00:15:26.720 But when you paint a portrait, you do it according to the light that's streaming in the window.
00:15:32.420 So any story you tell in retrospect will be shaped by the time in which you find yourself.
00:15:39.560 I have become much more, and President Biden was a friend and I helped him when I could, not on policy.
00:15:51.620 I pay plenty of taxes.
00:15:52.700 I'm good.
00:15:53.040 But I believed that and believe that he was a constitutionalist and that the journey toward a more perfect union and the arc of a moral universe were in better hands in his, obviously, than the once and future incumbents.
00:16:14.140 That said, I think it's fascinating that basically kind of Bush 41, even Reagan Republicans are now more center or even quasi center left because of the way the world has moved.
00:16:37.580 They haven't, it's like what your predecessor, Ronald Reagan said, he didn't leave the Democratic Party, the Democratic Party left him.
00:16:48.460 And in many ways, I do think that, I don't want to be overly grand about this, but I feel that too much is given, much is expected.
00:16:57.800 I've been incredibly fortunate in my life.
00:17:00.280 If I was born a citizen of the United States of America, I'm a boringly heterosexual white Southern male Episcopalian, you know, I'm good, right?
00:17:09.880 And so I think if you don't call them as you see them, what's the point, right?
00:17:15.520 If in this moment, one is not willing to say, you know what, a creeping to galloping authoritarian in the White House, playing on the oldest of American fears, if you're not willing to stand up against that, what are you willing to stand up for?
00:17:35.140 And as you paint that, sort of try to paint that picture, as you described in that light, which I appreciate the visual of, and being a biographer, not just in a story in that context, how important is it to have some, the temper of time, meaning to reflect, not in the moment, in the hot take, but looking through the lens of history and having perspective.
00:18:00.420 As my mom would say, seek first to understand before you're understood, to avoid the punditry as you're painting that picture.
00:18:08.840 That's a great question.
00:18:10.360 I, see, I hugely admire people who have the guts like you to go into the arena.
00:18:17.440 I may not agree with everything people in the arena want to do, but I've never been on a ballot, right?
00:18:22.660 And I, I think that what used to simply be a journalistic impulse to be kind of like Beavis and Butthead, just to kick people in the shins because you could, which was journalistic until the iPhone, and then everybody became that, right?
00:18:41.980 One of the things I say when I'm lucky enough to give commencement speeches, which I love to do, and you're really addressing the grandparents because the kids are hungover, and this line has never failed.
00:18:54.540 I say, just because you have the means to express an opinion quickly does not mean you have an opinion worth expressing quickly.
00:19:03.040 And I really do think, when Musk bought Twitter, I got off everything, I am much more healthy in a mental way, I don't follow the minute to minute, and headlines in history just don't move in tandem.
00:19:22.440 And the great examples of this are Harry Truman, who left Washington with a 20% approval rating.
00:19:30.400 But by 1970, everybody wanted to be Truman.
00:19:36.220 George H.W. Bush, 39% of the country, only 39% of the country wanted him reelected, but he died a kind of hero of the republic because people saw, sometimes, another little metaphor here,
00:19:50.940 sometimes you can't really see a mountain until you get farther, far enough away from it.
00:19:55.380 Nice.
00:19:56.320 And I really believe that.
00:19:58.340 And I think it's really important to say, which I think is true, that Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush, John McCain, and Mitt Romney could not be nominated by this Republican Party.
00:20:15.240 And why that doesn't force my Republican friends, I call them Peter Millar Republicans, right?
00:20:22.440 They're on the driving range.
00:20:25.440 Why that doesn't lead to more of a coherent plan of action, I don't really understand.
00:20:33.380 I mean, I understand the raw facts of it.
00:20:34.980 I remember when this first started happening in 2016, I was at a dinner with a southern governor, a small state, and he said, you know, when you're the governor of a state this size, you know every precinct.
00:20:52.920 In the Republican primary, it just happened.
00:20:55.040 And when the results started coming in, the Republican presidential primary on Super Tuesday in 2016, he thought there had been a computer error because these precincts that had had 100, 150 voters had 500 and 600.
00:21:12.280 Wow.
00:21:13.520 And it was because Trump, as he was then, had activated these folks.
00:21:19.140 Yeah.
00:21:19.500 And so Trump was telling a story that was resonating.
00:21:28.420 To me, the central work of someone like me is to tell a story that can compete with a narrative that is fundamentally not about recognizing and living into the Declaration of Independence,
00:21:49.500 but about exclusion and walls as opposed to bridges.
00:21:55.180 So that's the great challenge.
00:21:56.600 And you reflected it in your opening comments, this shock and awe of Trump 24-7, dominating the news, dominating our conversations, dominating.
00:22:05.400 I mean, we began on sports.
00:22:06.820 I mean, the idea that we have a president who's showing up with this exception, curiously, didn't show up at the Super Bowl, but has shown up in every other sporting venue to sort of highlight his dominance in terms of the conversation.
00:22:20.060 I mean, how do we start to reflect then?
00:22:22.540 I mean, is it more than the sort of the 250th anniversary of that declaration?
00:22:27.000 Is it more than those values?
00:22:30.220 Should we situationally find ourselves engaged day to day?
00:22:34.880 I mean, how do you, where do you find, I mean, you've been challenged with, you show up on Morning Joe consistently and you're sort of stuck in the headlines of the day trying to frame it in historical ways.
00:22:46.000 But for the rest of us, perhaps, you know, what, what's, is there advice, counsel, is there perspective that you can offer at this moment and how you confront what is so often lies misrepresentations, omissions, and historic deviance?
00:23:02.420 So one thing, this is pure punditry to answer your question after saying I don't do punditry anymore.
00:23:07.880 One of the, did you see the New York Times story about Senator Britt from Alabama?
00:23:13.220 Well, I've been, she's, she's been interesting.
00:23:16.700 I've watched her for some time.
00:23:18.120 She's actually very, very interesting.
00:23:20.120 She's an interesting political character.
00:23:22.160 I've had her on my bingo card as one of the rising stars in the Republican Party before she showed up in the counter-programming of that State of the Union.
00:23:31.080 Yeah.
00:23:31.500 So if you haven't seen it, take a look at it.
00:23:33.940 It was over the weekend.
00:23:34.960 And it, it was insofar as there's a leading indicator of something, of these kinds of Republicans.
00:23:43.880 Yeah.
00:23:44.380 The lead of the story is, and so it only came from one person, was the senator from Alabama sitting in her car texting.
00:23:53.440 So who's the source to her staff who she'd seen that terrible picture of an ICE agent with a little boy and a Spider-Man backpack being put into a car.
00:24:09.060 And she wrote saying, let's find out about this.
00:24:13.480 And that a senator from Alabama feels comfortable enough receiving, let's be honest, the cultural approbation of the New York Times tells you something, right?
00:24:27.900 It means that, and now I'm just speculating, but it means that maybe some fundraisers, maybe some donors are beginning to think, you know what, we got to think beyond the next 36 months.
00:24:43.380 You know, every day that passes, President Trump's interests and the interests of Republicans who are going to be on a ballot again get a little farther apart.
00:24:51.540 Um, so the power of that picture of that news picture tells you something and that, and so Senator Brett is willing to tell a story about herself, which is that she thinks that perhaps this is going too far.
00:25:13.320 That's a story, and one of the hard things about, and what I think is in a self-solipsistic way, I think this is important for what people like me do, is so much of our public life is about a kind of common assent, right?
00:25:35.620 It's about an ethos, and the ethos at our best has been one in which we obey the rule of law.
00:25:42.840 If we don't like the laws, we try to change them.
00:25:45.960 Um, we, uh, are trying to live into the declaration.
00:25:52.340 If we have to amend the user's guide, the constitution, we do it.
00:25:56.300 But that's been, and, and imperfectly, but it's kept us going, right?
00:26:01.400 It's kept the experiment worth defending.
00:26:03.560 The story we have to tell, because there has to be one, right, is ever harder for the lived experience of younger people, right?
00:26:17.900 So if, you know, you and I, I think, are about the same age.
00:26:20.820 So you and I grew up, we didn't fight in World War II, but our grandfathers did, right?
00:26:29.400 Like, uh, our, you know, I grew up in the South adjacent to, I, you know, I knew John Lewis, you know, uh, we, we could, we had a tactile connection to the greatest moments in American history.
00:26:45.120 The defeat of fascism, the defeat of Jim Crow.
00:26:48.760 But if you were born in the 21st century, what have you got?
00:26:53.140 You've got September 11th, the failure of the intelligence about weapons of mass destruction, the Great Recession, a biographically interesting, but historically indispositive Obama presidency.
00:27:06.060 You've got COVID, you've got COVID, you've got Trump, you've got January 6th, and in something that you'll appreciate that I, I don't think everybody and people who don't have kids, little kids at this point can appreciate.
00:27:21.280 For more than 20 years now, we have explicitly told our children, by our actions, not our words, that we can't keep them safe in schools.
00:27:34.640 We do duck and cover drills, not because of a foreign foe in Moscow, but because of what happens here.
00:27:43.840 And one of the two places you're supposed to be safest, your home and your school.
00:27:47.740 So why would you trust the grownups to do anything?
00:27:52.160 That's why the story matters so much, is telling the story.
00:27:57.260 The most important thing this country, I would argue, ever did was fight the Second World War.
00:28:02.880 But we barely did, right?
00:28:06.320 The Second World War began on September 1st, 1939.
00:28:09.280 We got in fully on the 12th of December, 1941.
00:28:13.180 We didn't declare war on Germany until Germany declared war on us.
00:28:18.640 We were literally dragged at the last minute into the most important thing we ever did.
00:28:24.520 And so that's not to say, oh, weren't they terrible?
00:28:27.700 And boy, we would do it better.
00:28:29.580 It's not to say that at all.
00:28:31.360 It's to say that if they were imperfect and they got there, then in our imperfection, we can too.
00:28:38.640 Welcome to the A-Building.
00:28:39.820 I'm Hans Charles.
00:28:40.960 I'm Menelich Lumumba.
00:28:41.860 It's 1969.
00:28:43.900 Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. had both been assassinated.
00:28:47.600 And Black America was at a breaking point.
00:28:49.960 Rioting and protests broke out on an unprecedented scale.
00:28:53.620 In Atlanta, Georgia, at Martin's alma mater, Morehouse College, the students had their own protest.
00:28:59.680 It featured two prominent figures in Black history, Martin Luther King Sr. and a young student, Samuel L. Jackson.
00:29:07.260 To be in what we really thought was a revolution.
00:29:11.880 I mean, people were dying.
00:29:13.220 1968, the murder of Dr. King, which traumatized everyone.
00:29:17.400 The FBI had a role in the murder of a Black Panther leader in Chicago.
00:29:23.260 This story is about protest.
00:29:25.780 It echoes in today's world far more than it should.
00:29:28.940 And it will blow your mind.
00:29:30.080 Listen to the A-Building on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
00:29:38.140 What do you do when the headlines don't explain what's happening inside of you?
00:29:46.500 I'm Ben Higgins.
00:29:47.700 And if you can hear me, it's where culture meets the soul.
00:29:50.900 A place for real conversation.
00:29:53.420 Each episode, I sit down with people from all walks of life.
00:29:57.300 Celebrities, thinkers, and everyday folks.
00:29:59.560 And we go deeper than the polished story.
00:30:02.480 We talk about what drives us, what shapes us, and what gives us hope.
00:30:07.060 We get honest about the big stuff.
00:30:08.920 Identity, when you don't recognize yourself anymore.
00:30:11.660 Loss, that changes you.
00:30:13.420 Purpose, when success isn't enough.
00:30:15.760 Peace, when your mind won't slow down.
00:30:17.820 Faith, when it's complicated.
00:30:19.680 Some guests have answers.
00:30:21.600 Most are still figuring it out.
00:30:23.680 If you've ever felt like there has to be more to the story, this show is for you.
00:30:27.580 Listen to If You Can Hear Me on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
00:30:38.840 I'm Bowen Yang.
00:30:40.080 And I'm Matt Rogers.
00:30:40.880 During this season of the Two Guys, Five Rings podcast, in the lead-up to the Milan Cortina 2026 Winter Olympic Games,
00:30:48.440 we've been joined by some of our friends.
00:30:50.460 Hi, Bowen.
00:30:51.100 Hi, Matt.
00:30:51.860 Hey, Elmo.
00:30:53.460 Hey, Matt.
00:30:54.060 Hey, Bowen.
00:30:54.880 Hi, Cookie.
00:30:55.880 Hi.
00:30:56.180 Now, the Winter Olympic Games are underway, and we are in Italy to give you experiences from our hearts to your ears.
00:31:04.120 Listen to Two Guys, Five Rings on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
00:31:12.420 What is one thing about love you've had to unlearn?
00:31:16.320 That it's earned.
00:31:17.460 That it needs to be forever for it to count.
00:31:20.540 February is the month of love.
00:31:22.740 Whether you're in a relationship, casually dating, or proudly single, it's a great time to reflect on yourself and what you want.
00:31:31.680 I'm Hope Woodard, host of the Boy Sober podcast, and each week this month, we're looking at love from every angle.
00:31:38.300 I don't know how to tell my partner, like, what I want in bed.
00:31:42.160 The thing about romantic fiction, I would say, more than any other genre of culture, is that it's always put women first.
00:31:47.160 My marriage stopped making sense.
00:31:49.040 The connection started to feel off.
00:31:51.160 The behavior started to feel different.
00:31:53.160 This February, get in touch with yourself by listening to Boy Sober.
00:31:58.300 That's B-O-Y-S-O-B-E-R.
00:32:02.560 I'm like, I would love to not hate the man I'm sleeping with.
00:32:05.440 I don't know what that's about.
00:32:06.500 Listen to Boy Sober on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
00:32:12.600 It's interesting when you talk about the party leaving Reagan and reflecting on his journey as Democrat labor leader to the Ronald Reagan we know today.
00:32:26.760 The Ronald Reagan and I happened coincidentally today to be in the old Reagan mansion here in Sacramento.
00:32:32.980 So the spirit of Reagan very alive in the walls surrounding me.
00:32:37.180 But I will never forget, and it's been a speech that's been shown millions of times now over the course of the last few months,
00:32:45.340 particularly with all the anxiety that we're experiencing out on the streets and sidewalks,
00:32:49.220 that anxiety that showed up in the New York Times with that text from Senator Britt.
00:32:54.980 And that is he ended his presidency and chose one speech.
00:32:59.540 He talked about Lady Liberty's torch.
00:33:01.260 He talked about, you know, this notion of newcomers and this sort of, you know, remarkable speech about pluralism and what defines America and makes us unique.
00:33:13.940 Now we have, obviously, what appears to be an invasive species, Donald Trump, in relationship to that.
00:33:23.800 But what you just painted was a picture of, you know, of frustration of people that have not experienced what you and I referenced with our grandparents
00:33:36.180 and experienced more of this historic project that obviously Ronald Reagan was a big part of as well.
00:33:41.540 And doesn't it make then more sense that there was a Donald Trump, someone who's going to shake the machine,
00:33:48.500 someone who's going to scratch the record, someone that was going to challenge those institutions that are failing our kids,
00:33:54.800 institutions that I know are us, they're reflective of us,
00:33:58.360 but institutions that are failing a generation of people.
00:34:03.380 People are stuck.
00:34:04.840 A 30-year-old not doing better than his parents for the first time in American history.
00:34:09.860 That populism that's not just from the far right, Donald Trump and Trumpism,
00:34:14.140 but reflected very much in Bernie and AOC and our politics on the left.
00:34:19.060 Isn't it, then, it doesn't explain a little bit more of that.
00:34:21.960 And isn't it more fair to consider Trump and Trumpism in that light than necessarily a deviancy
00:34:27.460 from a more traditional Republican values or the more conservative values?
00:34:33.540 I think, look, I totally understand how this happened, as you just laid it out.
00:34:39.700 It would surprise the founders that it took this long, by the way.
00:34:44.240 They were fully ready for this.
00:34:46.920 Abraham Lincoln's first public speech in 1838 was about,
00:34:52.720 if the Constitution and the Declaration are ever undone,
00:34:56.900 it's going to be not because of a foreign foe,
00:35:00.360 but because of a towering genius of a tyrant who might come along.
00:35:06.480 I don't want to, I don't think that Trump represents a deviancy from the American story.
00:35:14.840 I think he represents an extreme manifestation of,
00:35:18.920 there are legitimate cares and concerns, obviously, to deal with,
00:35:23.880 or it wouldn't have happened.
00:35:28.560 The question is, can you deal with the underlying issues
00:35:35.720 that have led to this manifestation of fear, unease, distrust?
00:35:43.360 Can you do so, but do so within a rule of law and with a devotion to a principle
00:35:52.160 that has endured, not fully applied, but we've never fully walked away from it either?
00:36:03.540 And is it going to be, is our public sphere going to be about raw power and force,
00:36:12.340 or can it be about solutions and genuinely changing people's lives?
00:36:20.800 I don't think, and I know you don't think this,
00:36:24.460 these kind of performative cracked outs,
00:36:28.060 are they changing, is that bringing manufacturing back?
00:36:34.340 You know?
00:36:35.160 Numbers suggest it's not, no, period.
00:36:37.660 So, and again, I'm not, look, I'm not,
00:36:40.800 I'm not particularly partisan.
00:36:42.860 I just think that
00:36:44.460 if we, if we, if, if people like you
00:36:50.260 don't find a way
00:36:52.960 to address the cares and concerns
00:36:56.060 of people
00:36:57.500 who
00:36:58.920 do not see
00:37:00.740 the path to prosperity,
00:37:02.940 and when you don't see a path to prosperity,
00:37:05.480 remember, this is not just about democracy,
00:37:07.200 it's about democratic capitalism.
00:37:08.520 If you don't have faith
00:37:10.680 that your work will be rewarded
00:37:12.700 and your family will do better,
00:37:14.600 why would you
00:37:15.580 support
00:37:17.040 the infrastructure
00:37:18.580 of a system
00:37:19.880 that you don't believe
00:37:21.640 is going to deliver for you?
00:37:24.080 Democracy has to deliver
00:37:26.180 or democracy
00:37:27.700 doesn't survive.
00:37:29.720 And there's always been,
00:37:31.300 this is,
00:37:31.720 Aristotle wrote about this,
00:37:33.320 there's always been a,
00:37:34.820 the middle class is the key
00:37:36.700 to any kind of durable republic
00:37:40.340 because
00:37:41.380 only when
00:37:42.780 you have a
00:37:43.720 belief that
00:37:45.160 rules
00:37:46.260 should be followed
00:37:48.080 but you can benefit
00:37:49.340 from the system
00:37:50.120 that
00:37:50.420 has rules,
00:37:52.480 that's the only reason
00:37:53.440 you do it.
00:37:54.020 Otherwise,
00:37:54.600 you race to
00:37:55.740 disruptive
00:37:57.980 movements.
00:38:01.420 And
00:38:01.640 I was thinking,
00:38:02.860 I'm doing a book on Eisenhower
00:38:04.080 right now,
00:38:04.980 and
00:38:05.240 it's so interesting
00:38:08.380 to read
00:38:09.120 his,
00:38:11.120 he spent an enormous
00:38:12.340 amount of time
00:38:13.100 trying to get
00:38:14.640 the Republican Party
00:38:15.620 of the 1950s
00:38:16.800 to support
00:38:17.420 what was then called
00:38:18.300 mutual security,
00:38:19.880 which became,
00:38:21.100 it was the Marshall Plan
00:38:22.340 in the 50s,
00:38:24.180 it was mutual security,
00:38:25.140 it became USAID
00:38:26.520 under President Kennedy.
00:38:29.860 And he had,
00:38:30.780 there's this great scene,
00:38:31.720 there was a senator
00:38:32.340 from New Hampshire
00:38:33.060 named Stiles Bridges
00:38:34.520 who was
00:38:35.580 very much,
00:38:36.600 and there were about
00:38:37.180 12 to 15
00:38:38.140 deeply conservative
00:38:39.260 senators
00:38:42.080 in the Senate
00:38:43.080 of McCarthy.
00:38:44.280 It wasn't,
00:38:44.720 one of the reasons
00:38:45.300 Ike was so slow
00:38:46.580 to take on McCarthy
00:38:47.540 is it wasn't just him,
00:38:49.200 he had
00:38:50.320 other votes,
00:38:51.780 and so nothing
00:38:52.460 would have happened.
00:38:53.140 It was a one vote margin
00:38:54.360 in those years,
00:38:56.600 very divided Senate,
00:38:57.760 but there's this,
00:39:00.300 and he taped it actually,
00:39:01.340 so we have an audio
00:39:02.160 of Eisenhower
00:39:03.300 trying to talk
00:39:04.280 this senator
00:39:04.880 from New Hampshire,
00:39:05.880 this deep conservative,
00:39:07.180 into supporting
00:39:07.880 mutual security.
00:39:09.480 And his argument was,
00:39:11.880 why,
00:39:12.480 if you're a,
00:39:13.100 if you're a nation,
00:39:13.960 if you're a people,
00:39:15.220 and you're trying
00:39:16.340 to decide
00:39:16.780 between communism
00:39:17.700 and the free world,
00:39:19.380 why wouldn't you
00:39:20.600 throw a little money
00:39:21.440 their way?
00:39:22.940 Right?
00:39:23.540 Why wouldn't you,
00:39:25.340 do you know how much,
00:39:26.360 do you know how much
00:39:26.940 more expensive
00:39:27.480 it's going to be
00:39:28.120 to send the army?
00:39:30.120 And so,
00:39:31.900 it was this
00:39:32.980 insight
00:39:34.140 that
00:39:35.320 you have to deliver
00:39:37.820 conditions
00:39:39.420 that enable
00:39:41.220 that pursuit
00:39:41.980 of happiness.
00:39:43.300 And if you don't,
00:39:45.240 then
00:39:45.720 you get
00:39:46.520 political chaos,
00:39:47.620 and that's where we are.
00:39:50.060 And I love the,
00:39:51.200 it's interesting,
00:39:51.720 the frame mutual security,
00:39:53.240 a much more effective
00:39:54.500 frame
00:39:55.260 in contemporary
00:39:56.480 political terms
00:39:57.300 than USAID.
00:39:59.460 He hated,
00:40:00.660 Eisenhower
00:40:01.660 explicitly said,
00:40:03.180 do not call
00:40:04.380 this foreign aid.
00:40:06.140 It's not that.
00:40:07.620 It's mutual security.
00:40:10.100 And you talk,
00:40:11.180 so you,
00:40:11.540 I mean,
00:40:11.740 it's remarkable,
00:40:12.460 you've got a book
00:40:13.160 that you're working on,
00:40:14.380 Eisenhower,
00:40:14.800 it comes out next year.
00:40:16.140 You just,
00:40:16.740 you're coming out
00:40:17.300 next week
00:40:18.100 with this new book,
00:40:19.760 America's Struggle,
00:40:20.940 which I don't want
00:40:21.920 to forget about
00:40:22.560 because it reflects
00:40:23.600 what?
00:40:23.940 Best book
00:40:24.880 I ever Xeroxed.
00:40:26.940 Okay.
00:40:27.700 Best book
00:40:28.400 I ever Xeroxed.
00:40:29.400 For the six people
00:40:30.320 who know what Xerox means,
00:40:32.080 you seem to be talking
00:40:33.240 about faxing things.
00:40:34.860 But,
00:40:35.000 America's Struggle.
00:40:37.020 Let me get my landline
00:40:38.260 just a second.
00:40:39.340 Yeah,
00:40:39.640 exactly.
00:40:41.140 Look,
00:40:41.860 250 years,
00:40:43.680 not the Constitution,
00:40:46.020 250 years ago,
00:40:47.160 the Declaration of Independence.
00:40:48.520 And you talk about
00:40:49.380 this operating system,
00:40:51.160 you talk about
00:40:51.580 the mission statement,
00:40:52.460 mission statement
00:40:53.100 being what was printed
00:40:54.880 by not just Jefferson,
00:40:57.980 but that guy Adams
00:40:59.540 who's often forgotten
00:41:00.560 in this conversation
00:41:02.360 250 years ago.
00:41:03.800 Talk to me a little bit
00:41:04.500 about what you've Xeroxed
00:41:07.120 in this new book.
00:41:08.220 You're kind of saying it.
00:41:09.500 So,
00:41:09.800 about seven,
00:41:11.200 eight years ago,
00:41:11.820 I wrote a book
00:41:12.440 called The Soul of America.
00:41:14.060 And it was my reaction
00:41:15.640 to Charlottesville.
00:41:16.860 And my argument was that,
00:41:18.260 you know,
00:41:18.560 and soul in Hebrew
00:41:19.640 and in Greek
00:41:20.220 means breath or life.
00:41:22.580 So,
00:41:22.880 when God breathed life
00:41:23.860 into man in Genesis,
00:41:25.260 that word could be
00:41:25.820 translated as soul.
00:41:27.300 When Jesus said,
00:41:28.100 greater love
00:41:28.560 hath no man than this
00:41:29.600 than to lay down
00:41:30.180 his life for his friends,
00:41:31.480 that could mean soul.
00:41:32.720 So,
00:41:32.920 it's the vital thing
00:41:33.900 that sets us apart.
00:41:35.700 And to me,
00:41:36.440 the soul is not
00:41:37.360 wholly good or wholly bad,
00:41:39.120 but an arena of contention.
00:41:40.740 It is for me.
00:41:41.680 It is for you.
00:41:42.740 I think it is for the country.
00:41:44.340 So,
00:41:44.900 you have these forces.
00:41:46.020 You have Dr. King.
00:41:47.280 You have the Klan.
00:41:48.880 It's just,
00:41:50.260 and we just fight it out
00:41:52.000 again and again and again.
00:41:53.180 And it is a perennial struggle.
00:41:55.520 There will never be,
00:41:56.760 there's never been
00:41:57.360 a once upon a time
00:41:58.460 in American history.
00:42:00.140 There's not going to be
00:42:01.160 a happily ever after.
00:42:02.880 Right?
00:42:03.060 There will always be
00:42:04.200 more work to be done.
00:42:06.580 And so,
00:42:07.660 the declaration
00:42:08.560 is really scriptural.
00:42:11.840 And it's interesting
00:42:12.680 that Jefferson,
00:42:14.620 who was a,
00:42:15.340 described,
00:42:16.400 attacked as a French atheist,
00:42:17.920 which when you think about it,
00:42:18.840 it's kind of redundant
00:42:19.620 in his political days.
00:42:23.560 He actually saw that.
00:42:25.000 He saw that what he was doing.
00:42:27.100 He gave his,
00:42:28.020 the desk on which he'd written it,
00:42:30.120 sort of his laptop.
00:42:31.760 He gave it to a granddaughter
00:42:33.140 saying that
00:42:34.200 this has taken on
00:42:36.640 sacred dimensions.
00:42:39.740 And nobody,
00:42:42.380 the fact that we
00:42:43.220 celebrate 250
00:42:45.460 to the declaration
00:42:46.880 as opposed to the constitution
00:42:48.600 has a lot to do,
00:42:50.760 again,
00:42:51.300 forgive the geekiness,
00:42:52.340 but you called,
00:42:53.520 has a lot to do with Lincoln.
00:42:55.400 Thomas Jefferson
00:42:57.300 never had a better friend
00:42:58.740 than Abraham Lincoln,
00:43:00.440 who at Gettysburg,
00:43:02.420 the middle,
00:43:03.620 remember,
00:43:04.220 remember,
00:43:04.500 the battle of the Civil War
00:43:06.180 was about the meaning
00:43:07.200 of the constitution,
00:43:09.360 secession,
00:43:10.340 division of power.
00:43:11.440 what does Lincoln do
00:43:13.180 at Gettysburg?
00:43:14.220 He jumps over 1787
00:43:16.640 and goes to 1776.
00:43:21.020 Founded not on the proposition
00:43:22.640 that,
00:43:23.240 well,
00:43:23.340 here's a bill of rights
00:43:24.380 and here's we the people
00:43:25.540 or we the state.
00:43:26.420 He just jumps all the way back
00:43:28.660 and says,
00:43:29.760 no,
00:43:29.920 that we became a people
00:43:31.400 because of this principle.
00:43:32.960 And in that moment,
00:43:37.420 really,
00:43:39.100 the declaration is elevated
00:43:40.820 in a way that continues
00:43:42.880 to shape who we are.
00:43:44.580 So,
00:43:45.620 in the middle of World War II,
00:43:47.260 Franklin Roosevelt goes
00:43:48.420 to open the Jefferson Memorial
00:43:49.860 and he talks about,
00:43:52.300 we are fighting a war
00:43:53.080 for the Declaration of Independence.
00:43:54.920 Dr. King,
00:43:55.680 the key part of the sermon
00:43:57.120 at the March on Washington
00:43:58.100 is all men are created equal,
00:44:01.360 right?
00:44:01.540 It is a scriptural maxim.
00:44:05.900 And Lincoln also said about it
00:44:07.440 that it would be a forever
00:44:09.000 a reappearing stumbling block
00:44:10.980 to any kind of tyranny.
00:44:15.040 And so,
00:44:15.540 what I wanted to do
00:44:16.300 with the book,
00:44:16.960 I Xeroxed,
00:44:18.540 I had a student ask me,
00:44:19.800 by the way,
00:44:20.340 once at Vanderbilt,
00:44:23.220 how do we used to do
00:44:24.480 student newspapers?
00:44:26.100 And I said,
00:44:26.720 well,
00:44:26.880 we would print out the columns
00:44:28.240 and then we'd cut them
00:44:29.120 and we'd paste them.
00:44:30.300 And she said,
00:44:30.880 oh my God,
00:44:31.840 that's where cut and paste
00:44:32.760 came from.
00:44:34.400 So,
00:44:35.880 hello middle age.
00:44:38.820 This is a Gat,
00:44:39.700 so the soul book,
00:44:40.840 this is the chorus of voices
00:44:42.940 from the first summoning
00:44:46.580 of the Virginia House of Burgesses
00:44:48.180 all the way through
00:44:49.800 Steve Levitsky at Harvard
00:44:51.600 warning about authoritarianism.
00:44:53.320 These are the original voices.
00:44:57.260 So,
00:44:58.080 and to me,
00:44:58.880 the central voice
00:44:59.840 is Frederick Douglass.
00:45:03.640 Imagine what it took
00:45:04.740 for a man born into enslavement
00:45:06.840 who'd escaped
00:45:07.560 to say
00:45:08.880 in the face of Dred Scott,
00:45:11.200 I, for one,
00:45:12.520 do not despair of this republic.
00:45:14.200 The fiat of the almighty,
00:45:15.600 let there be light,
00:45:16.480 has not yet spent its force.
00:45:19.300 Imagine what it takes
00:45:20.600 for him to say that.
00:45:24.280 It puts up this moment
00:45:25.900 where people are feeling
00:45:27.240 anxiety and despair
00:45:28.440 and hopelessness
00:45:29.360 and perspective.
00:45:30.640 What is,
00:45:31.100 I mean,
00:45:31.400 as you look back,
00:45:32.400 you talk about rule of law
00:45:33.500 a lot.
00:45:34.600 And,
00:45:35.040 you know,
00:45:35.400 bring up Plato,
00:45:36.200 I mean,
00:45:36.740 if you think of the founding fathers,
00:45:37.780 the best of,
00:45:38.720 you know,
00:45:38.920 the Greek democracy,
00:45:39.860 the Roman Republic,
00:45:40.820 three co-equal branches
00:45:42.080 of government,
00:45:42.660 popular sovereignty,
00:45:44.020 going back to this notion
00:45:45.280 of the rule of law.
00:45:46.040 I've been critical,
00:45:48.240 you know,
00:45:48.740 Ian Brenner,
00:45:49.280 others have used the phrase,
00:45:50.620 it's now the rule of dawn,
00:45:52.480 a supine Congress,
00:45:53.860 no longer co-equal branches
00:45:55.320 of government,
00:45:55.860 et cetera.
00:45:56.200 I mean,
00:45:56.760 what do you,
00:45:57.280 you know,
00:45:57.560 you talk about lighting
00:45:58.760 democracy on fire
00:45:59.840 and you,
00:46:00.580 not your words,
00:46:01.580 but as some have described,
00:46:02.960 January 6th
00:46:04.340 and how Trump
00:46:06.060 tried to wreck this country,
00:46:07.240 at least from my perspective,
00:46:08.940 in January 6th.
00:46:09.560 But we move now
00:46:10.560 into the 250th anniversary
00:46:12.040 of that declaration.
00:46:15.660 So much of our history
00:46:16.740 is being rewritten,
00:46:18.980 you know,
00:46:19.400 quite literally,
00:46:20.280 erased,
00:46:20.980 books being banned,
00:46:22.840 we're censoring historical facts,
00:46:24.720 you see libraries,
00:46:26.280 teachers,
00:46:27.000 gag rules,
00:46:27.520 what they can say,
00:46:28.620 teach,
00:46:29.340 corporate gag rules as well
00:46:30.940 in many respects,
00:46:31.920 on DEI,
00:46:32.760 quote-unquote anti-woke legislation.
00:46:34.800 I mean,
00:46:34.860 how do you reflect
00:46:35.560 on all of that
00:46:36.780 and unpack all of that?
00:46:38.380 How do we maintain
00:46:39.440 this mythology
00:46:40.440 that binds us together,
00:46:42.080 which is so important?
00:46:43.780 And I think as Democrats,
00:46:44.440 we need to talk more about.
00:46:46.460 At the same time,
00:46:48.040 you know,
00:46:48.760 we are honest
00:46:49.580 about that history
00:46:51.840 as we now move in
00:46:52.960 to celebrate
00:46:53.420 later this summer.
00:46:54.580 I look forward
00:46:55.400 to seeing how you do it.
00:46:59.080 Jesus.
00:46:59.820 Good luck to you.
00:47:00.840 Yeah, thanks, John.
00:47:02.560 I have a feeling
00:47:03.420 this is not the first time
00:47:04.740 you've thought
00:47:05.100 about this question.
00:47:06.740 It is about,
00:47:09.120 you use a really important
00:47:10.360 word,
00:47:11.260 which is mythology.
00:47:13.120 And it,
00:47:14.120 unfortunately,
00:47:15.160 people think it means
00:47:16.260 something made,
00:47:17.120 something false.
00:47:18.520 Right.
00:47:19.120 But a myth
00:47:21.000 is the story we tell.
00:47:23.100 And the most,
00:47:24.280 one of the most
00:47:24.800 interesting parts,
00:47:26.200 did you watch
00:47:28.020 or read
00:47:28.800 the Carney speech?
00:47:31.580 I was with him
00:47:32.620 20 minutes
00:47:33.620 before he gave it
00:47:34.420 in Davos.
00:47:35.140 Okay.
00:47:35.920 Yeah, yeah.
00:47:36.660 To me,
00:47:37.400 the most interesting,
00:47:38.560 one of the most interesting
00:47:39.480 parts of that speech
00:47:40.400 is how honest he was
00:47:42.040 about exactly
00:47:42.980 the kind of question
00:47:43.780 you're asking,
00:47:44.820 which is,
00:47:45.820 there was a fiction
00:47:47.900 we agreed to.
00:47:49.500 Right?
00:47:50.020 We agreed
00:47:50.820 that we were going
00:47:52.140 to be this
00:47:52.620 Western country
00:47:53.620 and yes,
00:47:54.260 there were,
00:47:54.860 it was imperfect
00:47:55.540 and,
00:47:56.840 but we decided
00:47:57.980 that this was
00:47:59.280 the,
00:48:01.660 kind of the
00:48:02.680 imaginative
00:48:03.720 infrastructure
00:48:04.560 of how we were
00:48:06.220 going to be.
00:48:07.700 And that's what
00:48:08.640 we have to do.
00:48:09.700 And
00:48:10.280 it is very clear
00:48:12.200 that
00:48:13.800 President Trump
00:48:14.840 and possibly
00:48:15.540 his would-be
00:48:16.640 successors
00:48:17.440 are really,
00:48:19.020 really good
00:48:19.480 at this.
00:48:20.920 I think about
00:48:21.960 that wall
00:48:22.680 now,
00:48:23.260 the colonnade,
00:48:24.100 at the White House
00:48:25.700 where,
00:48:26.920 which is
00:48:27.660 this,
00:48:30.600 I mean,
00:48:30.940 to say it's,
00:48:31.580 it's like a
00:48:32.380 funhouse mirror
00:48:33.780 is just,
00:48:35.180 it doesn't quite do
00:48:36.200 justice to it.
00:48:37.900 But
00:48:38.540 I think
00:48:40.520 I might begin
00:48:41.960 the story
00:48:42.700 with
00:48:44.240 it is
00:48:46.740 true
00:48:48.240 that
00:48:49.920 we can either
00:48:51.820 be we the people
00:48:52.920 or
00:48:54.080 I the powerful.
00:48:57.600 Right?
00:48:58.300 That's it.
00:48:59.580 Nice.
00:48:59.960 And
00:49:00.400 we the people
00:49:02.060 means that
00:49:04.040 all of us
00:49:04.860 have skin
00:49:06.460 in the game.
00:49:08.080 And
00:49:08.540 what's the old rule?
00:49:09.420 You,
00:49:09.820 even if you get a
00:49:10.420 donor for $5,
00:49:11.560 you want them
00:49:12.140 because it
00:49:12.580 changes their
00:49:13.580 psychology.
00:49:14.820 Absolutely.
00:49:15.760 Yeah.
00:49:16.200 Yeah.
00:49:16.400 And
00:49:18.120 what we've
00:49:19.360 seen
00:49:19.740 is that
00:49:20.560 there is
00:49:22.180 the absolutist
00:49:23.680 tendency
00:49:24.300 of the current
00:49:26.000 incumbent
00:49:26.460 in the Oval
00:49:27.900 Office.
00:49:29.500 He's made,
00:49:30.380 he's actually
00:49:30.880 made this
00:49:31.560 story kind
00:49:32.440 of easy
00:49:32.780 to tell
00:49:33.320 because
00:49:34.780 the counter
00:49:36.660 story,
00:49:37.340 the counter
00:49:37.980 story is
00:49:38.480 that this
00:49:38.880 is not
00:49:39.560 just about,
00:49:41.440 sorry,
00:49:41.880 this is
00:49:42.240 my,
00:49:43.400 my colleague,
00:49:44.140 this is
00:49:47.720 not,
00:49:49.000 the future
00:49:50.600 cannot simply
00:49:51.400 be about
00:49:52.240 the person
00:49:53.180 whose name
00:49:53.660 is on the
00:49:54.100 ballot.
00:49:55.820 Right?
00:49:56.440 It has to,
00:49:57.000 it's not
00:49:57.400 about
00:49:57.960 me,
00:49:59.460 it's we,
00:49:59.960 you know,
00:50:00.140 whatever the
00:50:00.820 phrase would
00:50:01.400 be.
00:50:02.040 But the
00:50:02.700 first three
00:50:03.300 words of
00:50:04.840 the Constitution
00:50:05.620 are absolutely
00:50:07.420 vital in this.
00:50:08.460 It is,
00:50:09.120 in fact,
00:50:09.580 we the
00:50:10.060 people
00:50:10.540 in pursuit
00:50:12.160 of a more
00:50:12.660 perfect union.
00:50:14.400 And that
00:50:15.480 should be
00:50:15.900 empowering to
00:50:16.660 people,
00:50:17.080 I would
00:50:17.320 think,
00:50:18.220 because if
00:50:20.660 it's one
00:50:21.060 person,
00:50:21.760 that means
00:50:22.480 there are
00:50:22.680 329 million
00:50:23.820 of the rest
00:50:24.260 of us who
00:50:25.200 are on the
00:50:25.500 outside looking
00:50:26.140 in.
00:50:27.600 And I
00:50:28.300 think that's
00:50:28.920 where I'd
00:50:29.260 start,
00:50:30.040 I would
00:50:30.360 start the
00:50:30.800 story,
00:50:31.480 is that
00:50:32.140 Gouverneur
00:50:33.220 Morris,
00:50:35.440 the committee
00:50:36.360 and drafting
00:50:37.020 in the
00:50:37.340 Constitution,
00:50:38.940 in that
00:50:39.300 wonderful
00:50:39.760 preamble,
00:50:40.500 articulated
00:50:42.980 something
00:50:43.800 that
00:50:44.800 was
00:50:46.580 beyond
00:50:47.140 the,
00:50:48.300 Patrick
00:50:49.000 Henry,
00:50:49.440 by the
00:50:49.680 way,
00:50:50.020 when he
00:50:50.360 attacked
00:50:50.740 the
00:50:50.920 Constitution,
00:50:52.460 actually
00:50:52.700 said,
00:50:53.720 by what
00:50:54.140 rights
00:50:54.740 did the
00:50:56.200 framers say
00:50:56.840 we the
00:50:57.300 people?
00:50:58.380 It's we
00:50:58.860 the states.
00:51:00.680 And Henry,
00:51:01.400 he just
00:51:01.680 didn't,
00:51:02.080 he didn't
00:51:02.480 get it,
00:51:03.520 right?
00:51:03.960 Interesting.
00:51:04.620 Guys in
00:51:05.100 Philadelphia
00:51:05.600 did.
00:51:07.160 That there
00:51:07.940 was a
00:51:08.620 kind of
00:51:09.280 mythic
00:51:10.480 union.
00:51:13.240 Andrew
00:51:13.540 Jackson
00:51:13.940 said,
00:51:14.700 the
00:51:15.720 Constitution
00:51:16.140 does not
00:51:16.960 form a
00:51:18.420 league,
00:51:18.960 but a
00:51:19.340 compact.
00:51:20.920 It's a
00:51:21.660 covenant.
00:51:23.660 And it's
00:51:24.760 about having
00:51:25.320 each other's
00:51:25.780 back.
00:51:27.080 Welcome to
00:51:27.820 the A
00:51:28.140 Building.
00:51:28.640 I'm Hans
00:51:29.160 Charles.
00:51:29.780 I'm
00:51:29.940 Menelik
00:51:30.280 Lumumba.
00:51:31.100 It's
00:51:31.300 1969.
00:51:32.720 Malcolm
00:51:32.980 X and
00:51:33.440 Martin
00:51:33.660 Luther
00:51:33.860 King
00:51:34.140 Jr.
00:51:34.480 had both
00:51:34.980 been
00:51:35.140 assassinated.
00:51:36.420 And
00:51:36.520 Black
00:51:36.700 America
00:51:37.180 was at
00:51:37.780 a
00:51:37.900 breaking
00:51:38.160 point.
00:51:38.780 Rioting
00:51:39.040 and
00:51:39.180 protests
00:51:39.580 broke
00:51:39.880 out
00:51:40.060 on
00:51:40.240 an
00:51:40.380 unprecedented
00:51:41.000 scale.
00:51:42.520 In
00:51:42.600 Atlanta,
00:51:43.080 Georgia,
00:51:43.520 at
00:51:43.680 Martin's
00:51:44.120 alma mater,
00:51:44.880 Morehouse
00:51:45.380 College,
00:51:46.120 the students
00:51:46.600 had their
00:51:47.380 own
00:51:47.680 protest.
00:51:48.520 It
00:51:48.600 featured
00:51:48.960 two
00:51:49.400 prominent
00:51:49.980 figures
00:51:50.440 in
00:51:50.700 Black
00:51:50.900 history,
00:51:51.760 Martin
00:51:52.020 Luther
00:51:52.280 King
00:51:52.540 Sr.
00:51:53.000 and a
00:51:53.660 young
00:51:53.940 student,
00:51:54.720 Samuel
00:51:55.080 L.
00:51:55.700 Jackson.
00:51:57.160 To
00:51:57.320 be in
00:51:58.160 what we
00:51:58.940 really
00:51:59.240 thought was
00:51:59.880 a
00:52:00.060 revolution,
00:52:00.700 I mean,
00:52:00.940 people
00:52:01.100 were dying.
00:52:01.980 1968,
00:52:03.040 the murder
00:52:03.440 of Dr.
00:52:03.900 King,
00:52:04.340 which
00:52:04.600 traumatized
00:52:05.480 everyone.
00:52:06.220 The FBI
00:52:06.920 had a
00:52:07.880 role
00:52:08.520 in the
00:52:09.180 murder
00:52:09.560 of a
00:52:10.160 Black
00:52:10.460 Panther
00:52:10.820 leader
00:52:11.220 in
00:52:11.620 Chicago.
00:52:12.880 This
00:52:13.060 story
00:52:13.400 is about
00:52:13.800 protest.
00:52:14.600 It
00:52:14.720 echoes
00:52:15.100 in
00:52:15.320 today's
00:52:15.720 world
00:52:16.060 far
00:52:16.420 more
00:52:16.760 than
00:52:16.980 it
00:52:17.200 should.
00:52:17.820 And
00:52:17.920 it
00:52:18.020 will
00:52:18.140 blow
00:52:18.340 your
00:52:18.560 mind.
00:52:20.200 Listen
00:52:20.780 to
00:52:20.980 The
00:52:21.160 A
00:52:21.320 Building
00:52:21.600 on
00:52:22.000 the
00:52:22.180 iHeart
00:52:22.640 Radio
00:52:22.960 app,
00:52:23.780 Apple
00:52:24.060 Podcasts,
00:52:25.100 or
00:52:25.440 wherever
00:52:25.720 you
00:52:25.940 get
00:52:26.160 your
00:52:26.320 podcasts.
00:52:30.380 What
00:52:30.980 do
00:52:31.080 you
00:52:31.180 do
00:52:31.340 when
00:52:31.440 the
00:52:31.580 headlines
00:52:32.020 don't
00:52:32.540 explain
00:52:33.060 what's
00:52:33.360 happening
00:52:33.800 inside
00:52:34.440 of you.
00:52:35.320 I'm
00:52:35.720 Ben
00:52:35.880 Higgins,
00:52:36.460 and if
00:52:36.780 you can
00:52:36.980 hear me,
00:52:37.540 it's where
00:52:37.820 culture meets
00:52:38.720 the soul,
00:52:39.720 a place for
00:52:40.580 real conversation.
00:52:42.220 Each episode,
00:52:43.180 I sit down with
00:52:44.100 people from all
00:52:44.980 walks of life,
00:52:46.080 celebrities,
00:52:46.760 thinkers,
00:52:47.080 and everyday
00:52:47.560 and everyday
00:52:47.580 folks,
00:52:48.380 and we
00:52:48.780 go deeper
00:52:49.540 than the
00:52:50.300 polished
00:52:50.700 story.
00:52:51.440 We talk
00:52:51.880 about what
00:52:52.380 drives us,
00:52:53.180 what shapes
00:52:53.740 us,
00:52:54.400 and what
00:52:54.620 gives us
00:52:55.020 hope.
00:52:55.860 We get
00:52:56.220 honest about
00:52:56.760 the big
00:52:57.220 stuff.
00:52:57.720 Identity
00:52:58.240 when you
00:52:58.600 don't
00:52:58.820 recognize
00:52:59.260 yourself
00:52:59.900 anymore,
00:53:00.480 loss
00:53:00.920 that changes
00:53:01.800 you,
00:53:02.260 purpose
00:53:02.540 when success
00:53:03.360 isn't
00:53:03.680 enough,
00:53:04.580 peace
00:53:04.880 when your
00:53:05.220 mind won't
00:53:05.800 slow down,
00:53:06.640 faith
00:53:06.940 when it's
00:53:07.360 complicated.
00:53:08.520 Some
00:53:08.880 guests
00:53:09.180 have
00:53:09.400 answers.
00:53:10.440 Most
00:53:10.720 are still
00:53:11.220 figuring it
00:53:11.780 out.
00:53:12.520 If you've
00:53:12.720 ever felt
00:53:13.140 like there
00:53:13.480 has to be
00:53:13.980 more to the
00:53:14.540 story,
00:53:15.380 this show is
00:53:15.880 for you.
00:53:17.140 Listen to
00:53:17.680 If You
00:53:18.160 Can Hear
00:53:18.560 Me on
00:53:19.060 the iHeartRadio
00:53:19.880 app,
00:53:20.520 Apple Podcasts,
00:53:21.720 or wherever
00:53:22.580 you get your
00:53:23.100 podcasts.
00:53:27.640 I'm Bowen Yang.
00:53:28.900 And I'm Matt
00:53:29.240 Rogers.
00:53:29.700 During this
00:53:30.140 season of
00:53:30.600 the Two Guys
00:53:31.540 Five Rings
00:53:32.360 podcast,
00:53:33.140 in the lead
00:53:33.780 up to the
00:53:34.260 Milan Cortina
00:53:35.200 2026
00:53:36.140 Winter
00:53:36.480 Olympic Games,
00:53:37.260 we've been
00:53:37.540 joined by
00:53:37.900 some of our
00:53:38.420 friends.
00:53:39.280 Hi,
00:53:39.580 Bowen!
00:53:39.900 Hi,
00:53:40.160 Matt!
00:53:40.680 Hey,
00:53:41.220 Elmo!
00:53:42.260 Hey,
00:53:42.600 Matt!
00:53:42.880 Hey,
00:53:43.060 Bowen!
00:53:43.700 Hi,
00:53:44.220 Cookie!
00:53:44.700 Hi!
00:53:45.020 Now,
00:53:46.240 the Winter
00:53:46.560 Olympic Games
00:53:47.180 are underway,
00:53:48.020 and we are
00:53:48.340 in Italy
00:53:49.140 to give you
00:53:49.740 experiences
00:53:50.280 from our
00:53:50.900 hearts
00:53:51.360 to your
00:53:51.900 ears.
00:53:52.960 Listen to
00:53:53.380 Two Guys
00:53:53.880 Five Rings
00:53:54.540 on the
00:53:54.860 iHeartRadio
00:53:55.580 app,
00:53:56.120 Apple Podcasts,
00:53:57.080 or wherever
00:53:57.440 you get
00:53:57.860 your podcasts.
00:54:01.220 What is
00:54:02.280 one thing
00:54:02.960 about love
00:54:03.460 you've had
00:54:03.860 to unlearn
00:54:04.860 that it's
00:54:05.500 earned?
00:54:06.280 That it
00:54:06.880 needs to be
00:54:07.600 forever
00:54:08.060 for it
00:54:08.580 to count?
00:54:09.360 February
00:54:09.680 is the
00:54:10.500 month of
00:54:11.100 love.
00:54:12.020 Whether
00:54:12.200 you're in
00:54:12.560 a relationship,
00:54:13.280 casually dating,
00:54:14.660 or proudly
00:54:15.260 single,
00:54:15.980 it's a great
00:54:16.520 time to reflect
00:54:17.460 on yourself
00:54:18.200 and what
00:54:19.000 you want.
00:54:20.500 I'm Hope
00:54:21.040 Woodard,
00:54:21.740 host of the
00:54:22.380 Boy Sober
00:54:22.840 podcast,
00:54:23.720 and each week
00:54:24.300 this month,
00:54:24.900 we're looking
00:54:25.340 at love
00:54:25.860 from every
00:54:26.660 angle.
00:54:27.500 I don't know
00:54:28.660 how to tell
00:54:29.000 my partner
00:54:29.400 what I want
00:54:30.460 in bed.
00:54:30.980 The thing
00:54:31.140 about romantic
00:54:31.620 fiction,
00:54:32.020 I would say,
00:54:32.280 more than
00:54:32.520 any other
00:54:32.940 genre of culture,
00:54:33.680 is that it's
00:54:34.080 always put
00:54:35.340 women first.
00:54:36.000 My marriage
00:54:36.520 stopped making
00:54:37.100 sense.
00:54:37.880 The connection
00:54:38.500 started to feel
00:54:39.280 off.
00:54:40.000 The behavior
00:54:40.560 started to feel
00:54:41.320 different.
00:54:43.400 This February,
00:54:44.520 get in touch
00:54:44.940 with yourself
00:54:45.500 by listening
00:54:46.140 to Boy Sober.
00:54:47.100 That's B-O-Y-S-O-B-E-R.
00:54:51.360 I'm like,
00:54:51.760 I would love
00:54:52.400 to not hate
00:54:53.040 the man I'm
00:54:53.660 sleeping with.
00:54:54.280 I don't know
00:54:54.580 what that's about.
00:54:55.300 Listen to Boy Sober
00:54:56.320 on the iHeartRadio app,
00:54:58.120 Apple Podcasts,
00:54:59.260 or wherever
00:55:00.160 you get your podcasts.
00:55:04.380 This notion
00:55:05.200 of citizenship,
00:55:06.400 I remember,
00:55:07.160 I think it was
00:55:07.420 Brandeis who said,
00:55:08.820 in a democracy,
00:55:09.520 the most important
00:55:10.140 office is office
00:55:10.980 of citizen,
00:55:11.720 this notion
00:55:12.160 that we have agency,
00:55:13.400 we can shape the future,
00:55:14.380 we're not bystanders.
00:55:15.420 Imagine it's imbued
00:55:16.180 in that spirit
00:55:17.020 of we the people,
00:55:18.380 this notion
00:55:18.680 of founding fathers.
00:55:20.800 Is that the antidote
00:55:22.160 at the end of the day?
00:55:23.060 I mean,
00:55:23.400 we the people
00:55:24.120 to the citizens
00:55:25.340 and the fear,
00:55:25.840 the anxiety
00:55:26.380 so many of us
00:55:27.240 are feeling,
00:55:27.780 does that give you
00:55:28.740 some optimism
00:55:30.020 at this moment
00:55:30.980 in particular
00:55:31.940 that this time
00:55:33.700 is not different,
00:55:35.240 that people
00:55:36.060 are rising up,
00:55:37.180 that these voices
00:55:37.820 are being shared
00:55:39.620 and heard
00:55:40.340 and we're inspiring
00:55:41.320 one another?
00:55:42.920 Or are you
00:55:43.500 a little more
00:55:44.000 sober and cynical?
00:55:45.740 No.
00:55:46.260 Where is your temperature
00:55:47.340 right now?
00:55:48.260 I'm not cynical.
00:55:49.720 I think,
00:55:50.580 and I'm not cynical
00:55:51.300 because of the
00:55:52.520 historical frame.
00:55:56.300 Four years
00:55:57.180 before I was born,
00:56:00.160 we lived
00:56:01.880 in my native region
00:56:03.440 under functional apartheid.
00:56:05.580 right?
00:56:07.360 So,
00:56:07.900 on March 7th,
00:56:10.160 1965,
00:56:12.000 John Lewis
00:56:13.080 and Hosea Williams
00:56:13.960 led that march
00:56:14.880 across the top
00:56:15.620 of the Pettis Bridge.
00:56:17.360 Anyone who has not
00:56:18.180 been to the Pettis Bridge
00:56:19.180 must go.
00:56:20.200 It's like going
00:56:20.680 to Omaha Beach.
00:56:22.580 And walked into,
00:56:24.960 peaceably,
00:56:26.320 a line of state troopers
00:56:28.340 and possemen
00:56:29.160 asking that
00:56:32.460 the
00:56:33.680 15th Amendment
00:56:35.100 of the Constitution
00:56:36.300 be,
00:56:38.580 again,
00:56:39.080 they weren't asking
00:56:39.700 for anything new.
00:56:41.360 They were asking us
00:56:42.580 to live up to,
00:56:44.080 to fulfill
00:56:44.860 what we said
00:56:46.200 we would do.
00:56:48.180 And
00:56:48.640 when,
00:56:50.900 that speech
00:56:51.600 written by Richard Goodwin,
00:56:53.740 when Lyndon Johnson
00:56:54.620 said,
00:56:55.000 I speak tonight
00:56:55.700 for the dignity
00:56:56.580 of man
00:56:57.100 and the destiny
00:56:57.680 of democracy,
00:56:58.500 and that
00:57:00.460 there are moments
00:57:01.980 in the life
00:57:02.660 of a nation
00:57:03.240 where they form
00:57:04.640 a turning point
00:57:05.380 in man's unending
00:57:06.220 search for freedom.
00:57:07.720 So it was
00:57:08.340 at Lexington Concord,
00:57:09.460 so it was at Appomattox,
00:57:10.680 so it was last week
00:57:11.600 in Selma, Alabama.
00:57:15.000 That was 20 minutes ago.
00:57:17.800 Right?
00:57:18.800 And it feels like,
00:57:19.740 you know,
00:57:19.900 and you see it on,
00:57:20.960 you know,
00:57:21.320 Ken Burns does it
00:57:22.380 and it feels,
00:57:23.160 because it's black and white,
00:57:25.000 it feels more remote.
00:57:26.640 Uh-uh.
00:57:27.560 Uh-uh.
00:57:28.500 1965.
00:57:31.440 Yep.
00:57:32.940 And
00:57:33.420 so if,
00:57:35.140 if,
00:57:35.880 and,
00:57:36.360 by the way,
00:57:37.340 right,
00:57:37.580 the 1964 Civil Rights Act,
00:57:40.120 which the Republican nominee
00:57:41.320 of the party
00:57:42.140 that year opposed,
00:57:44.060 um,
00:57:45.260 now seen,
00:57:46.480 polling shows,
00:57:47.240 the 64 Civil Rights Act
00:57:48.700 is seen as
00:57:49.220 more important than,
00:57:51.940 I think it's,
00:57:52.440 it's right before
00:57:53.460 the Kennedy assassination
00:57:54.520 and right after,
00:57:55.760 um,
00:57:57.340 the drum,
00:57:57.860 the dropping of the bombs,
00:57:58.900 uh,
00:57:59.780 in World War II.
00:58:00.620 I mean,
00:58:00.840 the public
00:58:01.480 sees the significance
00:58:03.220 of that.
00:58:05.140 What was it,
00:58:05.880 a 76-day filibuster?
00:58:08.300 Hmm.
00:58:08.980 Right.
00:58:09.720 Right?
00:58:09.960 So none of this is easy.
00:58:12.720 And so I,
00:58:14.980 you know,
00:58:16.060 John Lewis was willing to die,
00:58:20.780 you know,
00:58:21.880 and,
00:58:22.200 and I get tired by,
00:58:23.500 when I'm watching MSNBC,
00:58:24.920 that's ridiculous.
00:58:26.740 Right?
00:58:27.220 Right.
00:58:27.320 People shed their blood
00:58:29.980 for you and me.
00:58:31.900 And so I,
00:58:32.480 I think despair is,
00:58:33.600 and this is going to sound preachy,
00:58:35.340 but I say it about myself,
00:58:36.880 despair is a sin.
00:58:38.400 A sin.
00:58:39.380 Cynicism is a sin.
00:58:41.940 It's not up to us
00:58:43.180 to be,
00:58:43.620 to despair
00:58:44.520 or be cynical.
00:58:46.760 It's,
00:58:47.280 it's,
00:58:47.700 it's self-indulgent.
00:58:50.120 I love that.
00:58:51.180 It's interesting.
00:58:51.640 I just,
00:58:52.080 I'm reflecting now
00:58:52.900 in the year of my birth,
00:58:54.280 1967,
00:58:55.240 blacks couldn't marry whites
00:58:56.200 in over a dozen states
00:58:57.800 in this country,
00:58:58.420 overwhelming opposition publicly.
00:59:01.380 And then the infamous
00:59:02.660 Supreme Court decision,
00:59:04.220 which,
00:59:04.660 or more importantly,
00:59:05.660 the power of individuals
00:59:07.460 like Richard Loving
00:59:08.420 and Milgrit Jeter
00:59:09.700 that had the courage
00:59:10.780 of their conviction
00:59:11.400 to fight that
00:59:12.200 Loving versus state of Virginia,
00:59:14.520 overturning those laws,
00:59:15.460 not overturning public opinion though,
00:59:17.200 at the time,
00:59:17.940 overturning laws.
00:59:19.540 Well,
00:59:19.800 and to talk about another one
00:59:20.860 of your predecessors,
00:59:23.680 what,
00:59:25.880 how different
00:59:26.980 would America be
00:59:28.200 if
00:59:30.080 Earl Warren
00:59:31.700 had not become
00:59:33.640 chief justice?
00:59:35.980 And here's how close
00:59:37.400 that was,
00:59:39.200 right?
00:59:41.040 Fred Vinson,
00:59:42.340 the incumbent chief justice,
00:59:43.980 dies unexpectedly.
00:59:45.480 I don't think he was 60.
00:59:47.620 And
00:59:48.140 Warren was still,
00:59:50.680 he had,
00:59:51.060 I think,
00:59:51.960 some months to go
00:59:53.060 on his term.
00:59:54.860 And so Eisenhower
00:59:56.800 wasn't sure
00:59:57.500 he would want to come
00:59:58.920 and do the chief,
00:59:59.860 would want that job
01:00:01.240 at that moment.
01:00:02.960 And,
01:00:03.560 but Warren ended up
01:00:04.560 saying,
01:00:04.920 saying yes.
01:00:06.360 If Eisenhower
01:00:07.420 doesn't become president
01:00:08.320 in 1952,
01:00:10.200 and Robert Taft had,
01:00:11.640 or Adelaide Stevenson had,
01:00:13.360 I don't think Warren
01:00:15.040 becomes chief justice.
01:00:16.100 and the great story
01:00:19.980 of the death
01:00:20.700 of Jim Crow
01:00:21.480 doesn't begin
01:00:23.480 in Congress,
01:00:24.840 doesn't begin
01:00:25.960 with a president,
01:00:27.200 it begins
01:00:28.240 with the Supreme Court.
01:00:30.500 And the Warren
01:00:32.280 Court,
01:00:32.980 the reaction to which
01:00:34.400 shapes us
01:00:35.280 unto this hour,
01:00:37.200 right?
01:00:38.480 But
01:00:38.880 this is a
01:00:41.200 chancy
01:00:41.740 contingent thing.
01:00:43.400 And you never know
01:00:44.480 whether it's going
01:00:44.920 to be Article I
01:00:45.720 or Article II
01:00:46.460 or Article III
01:00:47.260 that's going
01:00:47.720 to make it happen.
01:00:49.640 So
01:00:49.840 it
01:00:50.820 absolutely
01:00:51.740 is,
01:00:53.280 what's thrilling
01:00:54.120 and terrifying
01:00:54.760 is I agree with you,
01:00:56.180 it's up to us.
01:00:57.500 And that's kind of
01:00:58.360 thrilling because
01:00:58.920 it's up to us.
01:01:00.280 And then on the other
01:01:00.820 hand,
01:01:01.040 it's like,
01:01:01.360 oh shit,
01:01:01.760 it's up to us.
01:01:02.540 You know,
01:01:02.860 why can't someone
01:01:04.180 come save us?
01:01:05.760 But no one's
01:01:06.600 going to do that.
01:01:07.480 Right?
01:01:08.020 There's not going
01:01:08.760 to be,
01:01:09.280 Fortinbras is not
01:01:10.400 coming.
01:01:11.240 We've got to do it.
01:01:13.220 I love that.
01:01:14.120 By the way,
01:01:14.600 I have pulled out
01:01:16.040 of,
01:01:16.860 dusted off
01:01:17.560 when I first
01:01:18.480 became Governor
01:01:19.100 Warren's desk.
01:01:20.180 We found it.
01:01:20.820 Oh wow,
01:01:21.320 did you?
01:01:21.800 In a storage facility
01:01:23.080 about six miles away.
01:01:25.840 And I remind people,
01:01:27.440 I mean,
01:01:27.680 it goes to the books
01:01:28.920 you've written.
01:01:29.500 I mean,
01:01:29.760 in the complexity
01:01:30.560 of this human
01:01:31.180 expression and experience.
01:01:32.960 I mean,
01:01:33.460 this is the same guy
01:01:34.060 who was interning
01:01:34.680 the Japanese as well.
01:01:35.880 You know,
01:01:37.500 it's messy.
01:01:39.800 A little humility,
01:01:41.060 grace.
01:01:42.240 Oh my God.
01:01:43.480 And
01:01:43.740 there's a,
01:01:46.620 you know,
01:01:47.340 there's a scene
01:01:50.140 from 1948,
01:01:53.560 maybe.
01:01:54.340 It was a little late.
01:01:55.260 There was a,
01:01:55.780 there was a
01:01:56.560 kind of a
01:01:57.800 post-war apology.
01:01:59.700 ultimately became
01:02:02.400 in the 80s.
01:02:03.200 It took us
01:02:03.420 to the 1980s
01:02:04.260 to do it
01:02:04.520 at the federal level.
01:02:05.560 But there's a scene
01:02:06.740 where a young actor
01:02:08.200 who was a big
01:02:09.260 New Deal
01:02:09.860 fair dealer
01:02:10.560 named Reagan
01:02:11.320 actually gives
01:02:13.220 a speech
01:02:13.880 attacking the
01:02:14.740 internment
01:02:15.220 of the Japanese
01:02:16.060 in Southern California.
01:02:21.580 No,
01:02:22.180 I think that there's
01:02:23.440 my other favorite
01:02:25.720 story about Warren
01:02:26.500 is,
01:02:26.880 you know,
01:02:27.040 he had no middle name
01:02:28.000 and he asked his father
01:02:29.640 why.
01:02:30.060 He said,
01:02:30.260 I couldn't afford one.
01:02:34.760 I love it.
01:02:35.900 And I can't afford
01:02:36.920 to let you go,
01:02:38.340 John,
01:02:38.640 without just talking
01:02:39.680 a little bit
01:02:40.140 about Biden
01:02:40.700 because,
01:02:41.660 you know,
01:02:41.880 it's not,
01:02:43.400 and it's,
01:02:43.760 it's,
01:02:44.320 frankly,
01:02:44.600 it's been a little
01:02:45.500 upsetting to me
01:02:46.220 and how quick
01:02:47.000 my Democratic
01:02:47.800 colleagues
01:02:49.020 and,
01:02:49.640 you know,
01:02:50.480 not my consultants
01:02:51.480 but other
01:02:52.140 pundits and consultants
01:02:53.520 of the party
01:02:53.960 say,
01:02:54.280 well,
01:02:54.380 we just need to,
01:02:55.120 let's stop
01:02:55.560 looking in the rearview mirror
01:02:56.840 talking about Biden
01:02:57.940 except so much
01:02:59.480 of what we're talking
01:03:00.120 about is in the rearview mirror
01:03:01.120 that we began
01:03:02.380 more contemporary
01:03:03.140 terms with Trump.
01:03:04.620 But I do want
01:03:05.620 to reflect,
01:03:06.280 how do you,
01:03:07.060 I mean,
01:03:07.520 there's not a lot
01:03:08.280 of distance
01:03:08.800 and you obviously,
01:03:11.020 you have,
01:03:11.340 you've noted
01:03:12.420 your own subjectivity
01:03:14.200 as it relates
01:03:14.780 to your relationship
01:03:15.700 with President Biden
01:03:17.360 and I,
01:03:17.660 and I have
01:03:18.320 my subjectivity
01:03:19.460 that I wear
01:03:20.020 on my sleeve.
01:03:20.720 I openly
01:03:21.480 advocate
01:03:22.480 for his policy
01:03:23.760 successes
01:03:24.700 and his character.
01:03:26.760 What,
01:03:26.980 how do you,
01:03:27.340 what do you,
01:03:27.740 where do you think
01:03:28.320 he starts to land
01:03:29.400 and when do you
01:03:30.580 start to land
01:03:31.400 more favorably
01:03:32.600 in historic terms?
01:03:34.140 Meaning,
01:03:34.700 when do people
01:03:35.400 sort of open up
01:03:36.600 or are we just,
01:03:38.540 you know,
01:03:38.760 is this,
01:03:39.480 this just evolves
01:03:40.540 organically?
01:03:42.220 I,
01:03:42.980 I think about this a lot
01:03:44.280 and I thought
01:03:46.140 you're,
01:03:47.540 I thought you were
01:03:49.020 a stand-up guy
01:03:49.880 and watched that
01:03:51.660 with,
01:03:52.040 with admiration.
01:03:53.620 Um,
01:03:55.340 so,
01:03:56.180 here's where I,
01:03:57.980 here's what I think.
01:03:58.820 Uh,
01:03:59.640 and I've told him
01:04:00.340 this,
01:04:00.880 so,
01:04:01.360 um,
01:04:02.320 the legacy
01:04:05.340 question
01:04:06.780 will be,
01:04:08.480 I think,
01:04:10.000 a key factor
01:04:10.920 in how that turns
01:04:12.100 out
01:04:12.440 is about the
01:04:13.820 2028 election.
01:04:16.060 Right?
01:04:17.420 So,
01:04:19.460 does,
01:04:20.380 does the
01:04:21.880 MAGA moment,
01:04:23.020 does this become
01:04:24.180 a 12-year
01:04:25.120 chapter
01:04:25.700 in which
01:04:27.960 President Biden
01:04:30.700 is
01:04:31.380 the Trump
01:04:33.260 slayer
01:04:36.360 in 2020,
01:04:37.480 but then,
01:04:39.420 and I would argue
01:04:41.140 it is
01:04:41.920 somewhat
01:04:43.520 Shakespearean,
01:04:44.660 it's certainly
01:04:45.100 Greek,
01:04:45.940 what happened
01:04:46.480 to him,
01:04:47.300 the forces
01:04:47.940 that
01:04:49.140 led Joe
01:04:51.360 Biden
01:04:51.760 and enabled
01:04:53.540 him to
01:04:54.340 overcome
01:04:54.800 and endure
01:04:55.820 amid tragedies
01:04:57.220 that would
01:04:57.640 put the rest
01:04:58.800 of us
01:04:59.360 in the
01:05:00.140 ground
01:05:00.820 from 1972
01:05:02.460 forward,
01:05:03.480 from the loss
01:05:04.220 of his wife
01:05:05.060 and daughter
01:05:06.520 to the loss
01:05:07.860 of his son
01:05:08.780 to aneurysms
01:05:10.420 to the political
01:05:11.940 ups and downs,
01:05:13.220 he endured
01:05:15.640 and
01:05:17.540 we all
01:05:18.980 have,
01:05:19.780 as the
01:05:20.200 French said,
01:05:20.860 the vices
01:05:21.320 of our
01:05:21.720 virtues
01:05:22.080 and I
01:05:23.660 think that
01:05:24.240 he genuinely
01:05:25.220 believed he
01:05:26.060 was the only
01:05:26.580 person who
01:05:27.240 could be
01:05:27.760 Donald Trump.
01:05:31.380 I don't
01:05:32.100 necessarily think
01:05:32.720 that was true
01:05:33.340 but as a
01:05:34.700 sort of
01:05:35.640 as someone
01:05:35.980 who makes
01:05:36.360 his living
01:05:36.860 looking at
01:05:38.200 either dead
01:05:39.440 people or
01:05:39.960 old people
01:05:40.500 and trying to
01:05:41.020 figure out
01:05:41.340 why they
01:05:41.660 do what
01:05:41.960 they do,
01:05:42.380 I understand
01:05:42.940 it.
01:05:43.720 The forces
01:05:44.520 that got
01:05:45.100 him to
01:05:45.440 the
01:05:45.620 pinnacle
01:05:46.060 kept him
01:05:48.380 from stepping
01:05:49.440 away from
01:05:49.980 it.
01:05:50.920 I don't
01:05:51.440 think it
01:05:51.680 was love
01:05:52.060 of power,
01:05:52.820 I really
01:05:53.240 don't,
01:05:53.720 I don't
01:05:54.020 think it
01:05:54.300 was the
01:05:54.600 helicopter
01:05:55.100 or the
01:05:55.480 airplane,
01:05:56.320 I think
01:05:56.720 it was
01:05:57.040 that what
01:05:59.100 Joe Biden
01:05:59.840 does is
01:06:01.240 he endures
01:06:01.920 and I
01:06:03.740 think that
01:06:04.220 was the
01:06:04.840 key thing
01:06:05.440 there.
01:06:07.100 But if
01:06:07.980 this becomes
01:06:08.620 a 12
01:06:09.180 year chapter
01:06:10.300 then
01:06:12.220 President
01:06:13.680 Biden
01:06:14.020 becomes
01:06:14.720 the sane
01:06:15.780 island
01:06:16.560 between
01:06:17.140 the two
01:06:19.060 Trump
01:06:19.360 terms.
01:06:20.620 If
01:06:20.860 MAGA-ism
01:06:22.820 in some
01:06:23.480 form is
01:06:24.260 ratified
01:06:24.860 again
01:06:25.440 in
01:06:27.000 2028
01:06:28.220 it becomes
01:06:29.740 a harder
01:06:30.120 case to
01:06:30.600 make for
01:06:31.000 Biden.
01:06:32.880 It's
01:06:33.420 interesting.
01:06:33.920 How concerned
01:06:34.680 and just
01:06:36.020 with limited
01:06:36.780 time are
01:06:38.220 you about
01:06:40.400 the
01:06:41.440 midterms
01:06:42.200 election
01:06:43.200 integrity
01:06:43.800 about
01:06:45.160 this
01:06:47.640 anxiety
01:06:49.880 that
01:06:50.520 appears
01:06:51.440 very real
01:06:52.420 evidence
01:06:53.140 abundant
01:06:53.740 demanding
01:06:55.040 voter rolls
01:06:55.880 as conditions
01:06:56.980 for removal
01:06:57.580 of ice
01:06:58.040 in
01:06:58.780 Minnesota.
01:07:00.040 We're in
01:07:01.020 litigation on
01:07:01.700 that same
01:07:02.220 subject matter.
01:07:03.560 We talk
01:07:04.360 about the
01:07:04.960 Japanese
01:07:05.360 internment
01:07:05.940 first time
01:07:07.140 I met
01:07:07.680 this masked
01:07:08.460 man
01:07:08.820 Greg
01:07:09.820 Bovino.
01:07:10.620 It was
01:07:10.900 at
01:07:11.260 Little
01:07:11.920 Tokyo
01:07:12.320 in Los
01:07:12.840 Angeles
01:07:13.260 at the
01:07:13.720 Democracy
01:07:14.120 Center.
01:07:14.600 It was a
01:07:14.840 sacred site
01:07:15.440 where we
01:07:15.820 were interning
01:07:16.760 the Japanese
01:07:17.960 when Reagan
01:07:18.500 made that
01:07:19.520 speech in
01:07:20.300 Southern
01:07:20.880 California
01:07:21.680 to see what
01:07:22.820 happened with
01:07:23.660 what I
01:07:24.380 have coined
01:07:25.460 more of the
01:07:25.920 rigging,
01:07:26.660 the response
01:07:27.760 to that with
01:07:28.160 Prop 50,
01:07:28.980 the mid-decade
01:07:30.840 redistricting,
01:07:31.840 so many
01:07:33.120 things around
01:07:33.860 I won't say
01:07:34.880 voter ID
01:07:35.420 necessarily but
01:07:36.320 component parts
01:07:37.220 of what this
01:07:38.620 administration is
01:07:39.560 trying to do.
01:07:39.980 How worried
01:07:40.500 are you
01:07:40.920 about our
01:07:42.040 institutions
01:07:42.700 holding
01:07:43.280 and the
01:07:45.940 success of
01:07:46.980 free and
01:07:47.620 fair elections
01:07:48.360 in 2026
01:07:49.580 let alone
01:07:50.340 2028?
01:07:52.080 So you've
01:07:52.840 linked two
01:07:54.160 questions that I
01:07:54.940 think are
01:07:55.260 vital and
01:07:56.480 I think
01:07:56.860 given what you
01:07:57.880 do all day
01:07:58.940 you'll appreciate
01:07:59.640 this I hope.
01:08:00.340 this is not
01:08:01.780 about the
01:08:03.280 durability of
01:08:04.340 democracy is
01:08:05.300 not about
01:08:05.880 institutions.
01:08:07.700 It's about
01:08:08.520 the people
01:08:09.160 in them.
01:08:10.920 It's not
01:08:11.680 about the
01:08:12.280 courts.
01:08:13.060 It's about
01:08:13.820 judges.
01:08:15.480 Right?
01:08:15.760 It's not
01:08:16.200 about the
01:08:16.700 election system.
01:08:17.620 It's about
01:08:17.880 registrars and
01:08:19.360 secretaries of
01:08:19.960 state.
01:08:20.200 It is about
01:08:20.960 people.
01:08:22.680 And that's
01:08:23.460 why the
01:08:24.160 stories matter.
01:08:26.040 Do you
01:08:26.320 want to be
01:08:27.360 Mike Pence
01:08:28.520 who stood
01:08:29.920 up and
01:08:30.260 anyone who
01:08:30.760 said I
01:08:31.400 have liberal
01:08:31.820 friends who
01:08:32.380 say why
01:08:33.280 do you
01:08:33.580 praise him?
01:08:34.220 He just
01:08:34.480 did his
01:08:34.820 duty.
01:08:35.820 They are not
01:08:37.140 someone who's
01:08:37.720 ever sat in
01:08:38.380 the Oval
01:08:38.740 Office and
01:08:39.300 been yelled
01:08:39.760 at by a
01:08:40.320 president.
01:08:41.460 Right?
01:08:42.320 And I know
01:08:43.360 that seems
01:08:44.000 sort of
01:08:44.540 facile or
01:08:45.480 but anybody
01:08:47.600 you know
01:08:48.400 this.
01:08:49.900 I once
01:08:50.180 went into
01:08:50.780 the moment
01:08:54.420 that I've
01:08:56.580 been waiting
01:08:56.880 for since I
01:08:57.320 was six
01:08:57.700 years old
01:08:58.180 with President
01:08:58.880 Biden and
01:08:59.980 he brought
01:09:00.560 me in
01:09:01.200 the Oval
01:09:03.420 Office,
01:09:03.960 the sunlight's
01:09:04.780 coming in,
01:09:05.480 the dust
01:09:05.940 moats.
01:09:06.460 I can smell
01:09:07.220 FDR cigarettes.
01:09:09.240 You know,
01:09:09.580 this is the
01:09:10.040 great, I've
01:09:10.600 been waiting
01:09:11.000 for this,
01:09:11.700 right?
01:09:12.120 I sit in
01:09:12.900 the chair
01:09:13.420 that Bobby
01:09:14.000 Kennedy sat
01:09:14.800 in during the
01:09:15.400 missile crisis
01:09:16.000 and President
01:09:16.720 Biden asked
01:09:17.280 me a question
01:09:17.800 and I
01:09:18.640 started, I
01:09:19.120 can't remember
01:09:19.360 what the
01:09:19.480 question was,
01:09:19.860 and I
01:09:20.100 started talking
01:09:20.780 and it was
01:09:21.680 blah, blah,
01:09:22.540 blah, blah,
01:09:23.300 blah.
01:09:23.640 It was
01:09:24.040 better angels.
01:09:24.820 Blah, blah,
01:09:25.340 blah, we
01:09:25.800 the few.
01:09:26.240 I didn't
01:09:26.740 make a
01:09:27.100 goddamn bit
01:09:27.800 of sense.
01:09:28.760 And so I
01:09:29.060 finally just
01:09:29.420 stopped.
01:09:30.640 This is a
01:09:30.960 true story.
01:09:32.140 And later
01:09:32.700 that day,
01:09:33.340 we were in
01:09:34.100 the dining
01:09:34.440 room, you
01:09:35.820 know, down
01:09:36.040 the little
01:09:36.320 hall, and I
01:09:37.560 was feeling
01:09:37.980 guilty about
01:09:38.580 this.
01:09:38.920 I'd taken
01:09:39.240 the President
01:09:39.860 of the United
01:09:40.100 States has
01:09:40.600 limited time,
01:09:41.740 right?
01:09:42.620 So it was
01:09:43.340 just the two
01:09:43.780 of us.
01:09:44.180 And I said,
01:09:44.480 Mr. President,
01:09:45.300 I want to
01:09:45.680 apologize to you.
01:09:46.640 You asked me a
01:09:47.200 question back
01:09:47.820 there and I
01:09:48.280 just didn't
01:09:48.680 make any sense
01:09:49.280 at all.
01:09:50.200 Now, you're
01:09:51.580 a politician.
01:09:52.220 what you
01:09:53.660 say at that
01:09:54.360 point is
01:09:54.840 anything you
01:09:55.960 say is so
01:09:56.660 important that
01:09:57.520 I'm just
01:09:58.080 grateful you're
01:09:58.760 here, right?
01:09:59.380 That's what you
01:09:59.880 said.
01:10:00.580 You know what
01:10:00.940 Biden said?
01:10:01.760 He said,
01:10:02.080 that's okay.
01:10:03.560 It happens a
01:10:04.140 lot in there.
01:10:06.020 Terrible.
01:10:07.620 Yeah, you
01:10:08.420 didn't make a
01:10:08.920 goddamn bit of
01:10:09.580 sense.
01:10:10.580 Okay.
01:10:12.360 Anyway, so
01:10:13.400 but do you
01:10:14.320 want to be,
01:10:15.740 if you are an
01:10:16.260 election official,
01:10:17.820 I just, the
01:10:18.700 story I would
01:10:19.480 want you to
01:10:20.120 think about is
01:10:21.640 you will be
01:10:23.620 honored beyond
01:10:25.360 the grave if
01:10:28.280 you do the
01:10:29.600 right thing.
01:10:31.600 And the
01:10:34.700 grave is
01:10:36.140 certain.
01:10:38.280 Donald Trump's
01:10:39.020 approval is
01:10:40.520 not.
01:10:42.920 I love that.
01:10:44.540 And because I
01:10:45.600 can't help
01:10:46.000 myself, we
01:10:46.620 could end
01:10:46.980 there, but
01:10:47.860 you brought
01:10:48.240 up Bobby
01:10:48.820 Kennedy.
01:10:49.180 And if
01:10:51.600 you look
01:10:51.840 behind me,
01:10:52.720 there's
01:10:53.060 various parts
01:10:54.060 of this
01:10:54.720 shrine in
01:10:55.780 front of
01:10:56.000 me.
01:10:56.680 All things
01:10:57.380 Bobby,
01:10:58.400 Sarge
01:10:58.720 Shriver.
01:10:59.760 I'm a fan
01:11:00.580 of the
01:11:00.840 60s.
01:11:01.300 The
01:11:01.380 vernacular
01:11:01.800 60s is a
01:11:02.660 picture of
01:11:03.380 Bobby and
01:11:03.760 my dad.
01:11:04.480 Is that
01:11:04.660 your dad?
01:11:05.480 Right here.
01:11:06.080 Yeah.
01:11:06.440 When my dad
01:11:06.920 was campaigning
01:11:07.520 for state
01:11:08.000 senate, Bobby
01:11:09.220 was out
01:11:09.640 here.
01:11:10.300 Literally a
01:11:10.900 few weeks
01:11:11.220 later, his
01:11:12.980 life was
01:11:13.400 taken.
01:11:13.680 So I
01:11:15.020 think about
01:11:15.360 the 60s
01:11:16.040 and the
01:11:16.800 vernacular
01:11:17.240 60s, solving
01:11:18.080 for ignorance,
01:11:19.140 poverty and
01:11:19.920 disease, the
01:11:22.140 spirit that
01:11:24.360 defined those
01:11:25.120 days, but
01:11:25.480 also the
01:11:25.860 tragedies, the
01:11:26.640 setbacks, the
01:11:27.700 travails that
01:11:28.460 were obviously
01:11:29.180 well-established
01:11:30.940 through assassination
01:11:31.620 and so much
01:11:32.880 despair and
01:11:34.080 distrust and
01:11:35.180 obviously war
01:11:35.840 that shaped
01:11:36.620 it.
01:11:37.260 How do you
01:11:39.260 reflect on
01:11:40.040 that time
01:11:42.260 in relationship
01:11:43.480 to this
01:11:44.160 moment and
01:11:44.800 the moment
01:11:45.240 that we
01:11:45.960 were just
01:11:46.380 discussing
01:11:46.940 moving forward
01:11:48.560 and the
01:11:49.060 moments
01:11:49.360 together?
01:11:50.080 It's a great
01:11:50.580 question,
01:11:50.940 Godra.
01:11:51.080 I find hope
01:11:52.180 in this
01:11:52.660 because if
01:11:53.980 you think
01:11:54.220 about 1968,
01:11:55.600 as you
01:11:55.940 just mentioned,
01:11:56.980 so it
01:11:58.720 begins with
01:11:59.300 Tatt,
01:12:01.480 Gene
01:12:02.320 McCarthy's
01:12:02.900 already running
01:12:03.440 against LBJ,
01:12:04.560 nearly upsets
01:12:05.300 him in
01:12:05.580 New Hampshire.
01:12:08.800 Senator
01:12:09.440 Kennedy gets
01:12:10.040 in the race
01:12:10.480 on March
01:12:10.880 16th, so
01:12:11.820 late,
01:12:12.260 March 31st,
01:12:16.420 Johnson gets
01:12:17.080 out of the
01:12:17.440 race and
01:12:18.580 that morning
01:12:19.180 Dr. King
01:12:19.920 delivers the
01:12:20.880 Sunday sermon
01:12:21.560 at Washington
01:12:22.140 National Cathedral.
01:12:23.660 He offers the
01:12:24.120 best definition
01:12:24.680 of democracy
01:12:25.340 I've ever
01:12:26.600 heard, which
01:12:27.080 is, I can
01:12:28.380 never be what
01:12:28.880 I ought to
01:12:29.360 be until
01:12:29.780 you are what
01:12:30.380 you ought to
01:12:30.900 be.
01:12:31.480 You can
01:12:31.840 never be
01:12:32.100 what you
01:12:32.400 ought to
01:12:32.760 be until
01:12:33.180 I am
01:12:33.500 what I
01:12:33.820 ought to
01:12:34.160 be.
01:12:34.700 That's
01:12:35.000 the way
01:12:35.220 God's
01:12:35.600 universe
01:12:35.840 is made.
01:12:36.520 That's
01:12:36.740 the way
01:12:37.020 it is
01:12:37.300 structured.
01:12:38.940 Four days
01:12:39.560 later, he
01:12:39.980 shot to
01:12:40.440 death in
01:12:40.880 Memphis.
01:12:41.180 Six weeks
01:12:42.500 after that,
01:12:43.540 Senator
01:12:44.000 Kennedy is
01:12:44.500 killed.
01:12:44.980 Six weeks
01:12:45.280 after that,
01:12:45.860 the Chicago
01:12:46.280 Convention
01:12:46.800 disintegrates
01:12:47.620 into chaos
01:12:48.100 and violence.
01:12:49.220 On election
01:12:49.680 day 1968,
01:12:51.740 Nixon narrowly
01:12:53.520 defeats
01:12:53.860 Humphrey,
01:12:54.880 but something
01:12:55.540 we forget,
01:12:56.880 George Wallace
01:12:57.660 won 13.5%
01:12:59.800 of the vote
01:13:00.380 and carried
01:13:00.960 five states
01:13:01.840 in 1968.
01:13:03.940 Five states
01:13:04.580 in the
01:13:05.000 Electoral
01:13:05.220 College.
01:13:07.660 And so
01:13:08.160 why didn't
01:13:09.640 we,
01:13:10.600 oh, and
01:13:11.320 my father
01:13:12.200 fought in
01:13:12.580 Vietnam,
01:13:14.120 46 Americans
01:13:15.940 on average
01:13:16.700 died a day
01:13:17.900 in Vietnam
01:13:18.820 in 1968.
01:13:20.240 Not wounded,
01:13:21.320 not died.
01:13:23.060 So why
01:13:24.640 didn't we
01:13:25.280 fall apart
01:13:25.980 then?
01:13:26.340 Right?
01:13:27.980 And I'm
01:13:28.700 very soft
01:13:29.320 on President
01:13:31.200 Nixon on
01:13:31.820 this front.
01:13:33.120 He governed
01:13:34.120 from the
01:13:34.500 center.
01:13:37.400 EPA
01:13:38.000 proposed a
01:13:39.140 health care
01:13:39.560 plan.
01:13:40.400 Obama would
01:13:41.000 never have
01:13:41.500 proposed.
01:13:42.660 It was too
01:13:42.980 far to the
01:13:43.280 left.
01:13:43.800 He was
01:13:44.260 Andrew Yang
01:13:44.920 before Andrew
01:13:45.540 Yang,
01:13:45.860 right?
01:13:46.280 Proposed a
01:13:46.800 guaranteed
01:13:47.140 income.
01:13:47.720 goes to
01:13:49.760 China and
01:13:51.320 had the
01:13:52.960 capacity
01:13:53.660 to,
01:13:56.780 when he
01:13:57.000 broke the
01:13:57.500 law,
01:13:58.240 he followed
01:13:59.080 the law.
01:14:00.380 He had a
01:14:00.740 sense of
01:14:01.120 shame.
01:14:03.280 And I
01:14:04.460 think
01:14:04.880 that a
01:14:07.180 lot of
01:14:07.740 the reason
01:14:09.020 things didn't
01:14:10.100 end in a
01:14:11.620 more serious
01:14:12.160 way was
01:14:13.900 that Nixon,
01:14:15.680 for all
01:14:16.400 of his
01:14:16.680 manifold
01:14:17.140 faults,
01:14:19.080 believed
01:14:19.740 fundamentally
01:14:20.980 in the
01:14:21.340 things we're
01:14:21.700 talking about,
01:14:23.080 about the
01:14:23.720 Constitution,
01:14:24.320 about we
01:14:24.680 the people.
01:14:25.600 And I'm
01:14:25.980 not praising
01:14:28.180 him beyond
01:14:28.820 measure, I
01:14:29.440 don't think.
01:14:30.320 But I've
01:14:30.820 thought a lot
01:14:31.300 about why
01:14:32.000 did we come
01:14:33.700 out of the
01:14:34.100 60s as a
01:14:36.180 country that
01:14:37.160 was still
01:14:38.400 together?
01:14:40.980 What do you
01:14:41.700 think?
01:14:42.000 I mean, you've
01:14:42.380 thought about
01:14:42.700 this.
01:14:43.000 If you
01:14:44.300 look at
01:14:44.680 68, it's
01:14:46.060 a totally
01:14:46.560 plausible
01:14:47.040 thing to
01:14:48.800 think that
01:14:49.200 69 and
01:14:49.860 70 are
01:14:52.060 not happy
01:14:54.980 times.
01:14:56.500 Why do you
01:14:58.600 think we
01:14:58.920 endured?
01:15:00.060 It's the
01:15:01.300 question I
01:15:01.820 pose to
01:15:02.260 you as an
01:15:02.760 historian to
01:15:03.340 really reflect
01:15:03.900 on.
01:15:04.620 And it's
01:15:05.300 the right
01:15:05.620 question.
01:15:06.760 That decade
01:15:07.720 fascinates me
01:15:08.660 for all the
01:15:09.460 reasons you
01:15:10.000 brilliantly just
01:15:11.540 laid out.
01:15:12.140 I think it's
01:15:13.360 also in the
01:15:14.300 context of
01:15:15.760 what we
01:15:16.860 didn't get a
01:15:17.380 chance to
01:15:17.700 talk about in
01:15:18.280 I'm Sensitive
01:15:18.700 Time, in the
01:15:20.540 spirit of
01:15:20.920 scripture too.
01:15:21.800 On earth, God's
01:15:22.700 work is truly
01:15:23.240 our own.
01:15:23.740 This notion
01:15:24.180 that we are
01:15:25.500 all bound
01:15:25.860 together by a
01:15:26.500 web of
01:15:26.740 mutuality.
01:15:27.480 This notion
01:15:27.940 of the
01:15:29.120 commonwealth and
01:15:29.900 this capacity
01:15:30.640 of resilience and
01:15:32.200 our ability to
01:15:33.180 live together and
01:15:33.960 advance together
01:15:34.640 across differences.
01:15:35.740 And that was
01:15:36.880 expressed in so
01:15:37.780 many of those
01:15:38.160 leaders at the
01:15:38.700 time and imbued
01:15:39.480 in the action of
01:15:40.860 so many of us
01:15:41.620 citizens that
01:15:42.800 senses were
01:15:44.280 alive and his
01:15:45.400 immune system was
01:15:46.220 woken up and
01:15:48.020 organized and
01:15:50.020 came together.
01:15:51.860 And so, look,
01:15:52.840 it's the one
01:15:54.320 thing.
01:15:54.800 For people that
01:15:55.820 despair about this
01:15:57.080 moment, I think it's
01:15:57.900 so important, this
01:15:59.280 conversation, to
01:16:00.180 sort of reflect on
01:16:01.020 the fact we've been
01:16:02.060 there before.
01:16:02.700 It's distinctive and
01:16:03.560 unique as this
01:16:05.400 moment is and the
01:16:06.260 unique characteristics
01:16:07.140 that define a guy
01:16:08.140 who is obsessed
01:16:09.060 with power,
01:16:09.780 dominance, and
01:16:10.360 aggression, who
01:16:11.580 doesn't believe in
01:16:12.400 empathy, care, and
01:16:13.540 compassion, necessarily.
01:16:16.500 But to reconcile the
01:16:17.820 fact that we have,
01:16:19.080 again, agency and we
01:16:20.180 can shape the future.
01:16:21.760 I said, before, we're
01:16:22.580 not bystanders in this
01:16:23.620 world.
01:16:24.380 And I think that's, to
01:16:25.400 me, the most, I
01:16:26.560 think, significant
01:16:27.500 lesson looking back
01:16:29.360 and what I think we're
01:16:31.660 experiencing.
01:16:32.340 There's the lessons
01:16:32.820 we're experiencing on a
01:16:33.720 daily basis in
01:16:34.920 Minneapolis and cities
01:16:36.720 across this country.
01:16:37.780 I think people are
01:16:38.540 waking up and it
01:16:39.780 gives me a lot more
01:16:40.760 confidence that we'll
01:16:42.760 be celebrating the
01:16:44.120 300th anniversary of
01:16:46.360 the Declaration of
01:16:47.120 Independence and you'll
01:16:47.880 be on your 300th book,
01:16:49.960 John Mitchell.
01:16:51.880 I'll be long gone, my
01:16:53.580 friend.
01:16:54.020 At this pace, at this
01:16:55.820 pace, author of
01:16:58.000 America's Struggle, best
01:16:59.160 way to buy it, is in
01:17:00.220 bulk.
01:17:03.800 And coming soon to a
01:17:05.700 book story near your
01:17:06.720 Eisenhower in the
01:17:08.360 military-industrial
01:17:09.460 complex.
01:17:10.180 I don't know, what's
01:17:10.640 your subtitle?
01:17:11.300 You don't even have it
01:17:11.940 yet.
01:17:12.280 I don't even have a
01:17:12.900 subtitle yet.
01:17:13.620 I'll tell you one damn
01:17:14.400 thing, it is awfully
01:17:15.320 long.
01:17:15.800 My first, I'll leave you
01:17:17.100 with this, my first
01:17:19.100 draft of my biography of
01:17:20.500 George H.W. Bush was
01:17:21.780 about 1,200 pages.
01:17:23.760 And I told Barbara
01:17:24.640 Bush that, and she
01:17:25.800 said, sweetheart, I
01:17:27.820 wouldn't read 1,200
01:17:28.660 pages about you.
01:17:31.840 They cut like butter.
01:17:33.740 Governor, go get
01:17:34.540 them.
01:17:34.860 You're doing great.
01:17:36.080 Appreciate you.
01:17:36.920 Thanks so much for
01:17:37.600 coming on.
01:17:38.500 Thanks.
01:17:43.640 This is an iHeart
01:17:44.660 podcast.
01:17:46.520 Guaranteed human.