00:15:37.040I think right now the greatest problem that I think underlies everything is a loss of any universal ethic or any sort of anything that holds everybody together above that of identity.
00:15:56.880I think right now we've really resorted to looking at very specific identity and almost tribalistic elements that really separate us into little groups in our liberal society.
00:16:10.480And as a result, we don't actually have a society.
00:16:13.840We don't have anything that really drives us as a people, as a collective people in, I'd say, Britain and the US especially.
00:16:23.560And so I think when you are people and you don't have any allegiance to each other, any common language even.
00:16:35.280I mean, right now, I think it's very clear we don't have a common language when it comes to something that should be as basic as gender and intergenerational especially.
00:16:45.340I think you're seeing the beginning of the end of, I think, a project in the West that has taken centuries to get to this point and is now not being realized.
00:17:02.060I don't think we sort of realized the consequences when we killed God of what we were doing.
00:17:07.560And I think nothing has necessarily replaced that execution meaningfully and spiritually for a lot of people.
00:17:17.560And yes, I think that's underlying a lot of things.
00:17:23.320Well, we had a guest on called James Orr.
00:17:26.560He talked about the need for something pre-political.
00:17:29.040And it seems that now we're in a place where either your ethnic identity or increasing your political identity becomes – it gives you meaning in a way that, you know, other things actually ought to do.
00:17:45.240We were talking about wokeness, anti-wokeness, et cetera, before we started.
00:17:50.420And a lot of people now, they're fully invested in this worldview, which is interesting to me because while I think wokeness is really bad and I've always opposed it, I've opposed it not as an identity thing.
00:18:04.760I just think this way of doing things is wrong.
00:18:06.680But I do see that people are sort of becoming very rigid in the way that they see their role in the world.
00:18:14.760And it happened with race and gender and all of these things.
00:18:18.800But it's also happening just with ideas, which to me is kind of a weird place because ideas are supposed to evolve and change over time.
00:18:26.580And you're supposed to have flexibility in the way that you think about things.
00:18:45.440I think that intellectual culture in the West has been in decline since the 70s.
00:18:51.940So I don't want to sound too much like a historian.
00:18:53.920But I do think that I think in the post-war years, it was a very interesting time in the West in terms of existentialism,
00:19:03.660being able to replace sort of the death of God that was so apparent after the war.
00:19:09.540And I think that really swept the U.S. and France and parts of the U.K. academically.
00:19:17.700And because it was so applicable to people of all races, genders, you know, existentialist feminists, you know, all kinds of movements adopted this and could really see themselves in this because it was so all-encompassing and expansive.
00:19:34.720And I think, in my opinion, since the 70s, especially since second wave feminism, early days of second wave feminism, this idea of the personal being political has taken over.
00:19:50.840And the personal, in my opinion, is never political.
00:19:56.660It's always philosophical at its root.
00:20:00.460And that's something that is very personal.
00:20:02.880And that's something that you have to take responsibility for.
00:20:05.520When the personal becomes political, suddenly all responsibility is delegated to somebody else.
00:20:11.820It's somebody else's problem that you're oppressed.
00:20:14.180It's somebody else's problem that you can't advance, that you can't do with your life what you want to do.
00:20:19.280You can completely invert morality to serve you.
00:20:24.120And I think that's what has happened with a lot of identity political groups and movements now.
00:20:31.360And do you think a lot of people of your generation buy into that idea, the fact that, you know, the personal is political and it's not their fault, they're not doing what they want because the patriarchy or whoever it is is stopping them from doing so?
00:20:44.360Yes, I've been counseled so many times for saying just that.
00:20:47.280If I say anything like that, because there's no conception, especially with Gen Z and I'd say millennials as well.
00:20:57.620But with Gen Z, there's absolutely no idea in how to fathom your identity beyond that of it being a political statement and being something that other people have to recognize and other people have to do something about.
00:21:12.940They have to change their actions in relation to how you identify.
00:21:15.820And you should be able to engage with the world and walk in the world safely, securely, and in the exact way that you envisage and see and ultimately have no responsibility.
00:21:29.600So the world, just to translate what you're saying into, so that I understand it better, simpler language, what you're saying is essentially people carry an idea of how the world is supposed to adjust to them.
00:21:46.120I understand how stupid that is at an intellectual level, but at a practical level, are you not going to be slapped in the face by reality on a daily basis if you attempt to do this?
00:21:55.180Yes, you are, and that's why I think a lot of people retreat to the internet, and especially in my generation, because the internet allows you to live in the delusion that the world can change.
00:22:11.420And also it means that when you go into the world and it doesn't conform to what you want it to be, you get very depressed, mental health issues arise, everything seems a lot worse.
00:22:26.800And I definitely see that as a big problem with my generation.
00:22:35.280Everything is a lot worse than it is about things that actually are not as important as the things that actually are a problem that can be and ought to be addressed.
00:22:47.480And which I think we can all or ought to all agree on if we actually cared about those things.
00:24:29.560Yes, and I definitely, especially when I was at university, I definitely felt that and I experienced that.
00:24:35.940I was in despair, like constant despair for days.
00:24:40.020And I didn't know what to do with myself.
00:24:43.940I didn't know how I was going to navigate the world because what was the point?
00:24:49.300What's the point in trying to do things when inevitably I'm going to fail because I'm black and the systems and institutions are against me?
00:24:57.860And you end up fulfilling that prophecy just in yourself.
00:25:58.360But I was expected to somehow be in allegiance with these people who I didn't have any personal affinity with.
00:26:06.100And then not with white people who I actually like culturally had a lot more in common with, sort of was able to, it just made a lot more sense to me.
00:26:18.780And the consequence of that is that I was called racist and sort of self-hating black, which is something that I'm always accused of.
00:26:29.280And I think because people, especially my generation, care a lot about what everybody else thinks a lot, even though it's all about sort of me, me, me, me, me, me, it's always with the lens of somebody else and everybody else.
00:26:44.920Oh, but narcissism always needs the supply.
00:26:51.820So I'm curious how then, I mean, it's clear you're a very independently minded person and you think for yourself, blah, blah, blah.
00:26:59.820But also, how do you get out of that despair once you find yourself in that situation, as you were at Cambridge, where you sort of feel out of place and people are projecting their things onto you, et cetera?
00:27:11.400Well, I think the thing with the victimhood mindset, I guess I can just call it, is that usually you find some kind of power in it because people recognize your victimhood and you find a community or a tribe.
00:27:25.840And then, you know, you feel good about yourself.
00:27:29.460I didn't find that community because I wasn't accepted by the black people that I was meant to be in tribal allegiance with.
00:27:37.320And that was very reminiscent of my experience back in South Africa.
00:27:40.400And so I think because I didn't find the kind of very fake emancipation through being a victim that most people who rarely subscribe to it do, I wasn't getting that cathartic feeling from it.
00:27:59.060And I think the sort of really important thing was that I applied to Oxford to do an MA and I didn't think about the logistics of it.
00:28:12.500I didn't think that I had to somehow have £60,000 to do an MA.
00:28:18.000I thought it was just going to happen because I was black.
00:28:20.360And so obviously, I'm not even kidding.
00:29:38.920And that was very important for me, especially living in Cambridge, not as a student, but as somebody with the Cambridge working class, all of whom are white as well, which was very.
00:29:51.760I had to really introspect about my oppression and they didn't care that I'd gone to Cambridge and I had to work to actually get recognition, to actually advance.
00:30:10.580I wasn't terribly good at my job, mainly just socialize with people.
00:30:15.040But it was very good because I made so many friends, work friends, with people who were mainly white, conservative Gen Xers who I worked with.
00:30:28.900And they became like my default family.
00:30:33.420And it was very important for me to actually see that and to experience the reality of people who live in Cambridge, who aren't like rich students cycling around everywhere, thinking that they rule the world.
00:30:47.300And that really got me out of not just myself, but out of my depression.
00:31:14.620So when they were teaching, I have no problem with the teaching of critical race here in the way that I have no problem with the teaching of Marxism.
00:31:21.420I do have a real problem with them going, this is, you know, how the world is, because that to me is not education, that's indoctrination.
00:31:28.400So I guess my question is, how did they teach CRT, critical race theory?
00:31:34.040Did they present it as this is the way the world is?
00:31:37.060Was it slipped in through the back door?
00:31:39.880Well, it was a very interesting time because it was sort of, I feel that the department was on sort of the threshold of trying to implement these dramatic changes.
00:31:53.380But we were still on the old curriculum.
00:31:55.560And so there was a lot of pushback whilst things were being taught by groups that were decolonized the course or the curriculum and a lot of momentum for these things.
00:32:08.780And I got involved in that in my first and second year and in my third year, I gave up on that and I decided I can't pretend I'm, I love Thomas Hobbes and old dead white men.
00:32:48.040And we're teaching you this because we are in transition to the new way of what the course is going to be in future years.
00:32:57.640And so we were sort of exposed to some of that, some new authors who are trickling in.
00:33:03.900But I didn't continue in my third year sort of down that path.
00:33:09.400I completely regressed back to sort of the very, very traditional Cambridge education.
00:33:18.760And Zee, if you were trying to explain CRT to one of your retail grocery store workmates, what would you say that you were being taught?
00:33:28.040I would say that I was being taught that because you, my colleague, are white and I'm black, you have privilege that I can only dream of.
00:33:52.140And because of that, you need to alter your ways, alter your behavior, be more conscious and aware of the things that you do and say to me and to other people who look like me and how you engage with us in the world.
00:34:09.140Because a lot of what you do will be interpreted as microaggressions or taking for granted the advantages that you have.
00:34:22.440So you assuming, I don't know, that I know how to fold jeans, right?
00:34:32.620But I don't because I've never worn jeans, I don't know.
00:34:40.280Something like that, just something very like minuscule, something that would really, really disrupt our friendship, I would say.
00:34:53.160We kind of have this situation that's happened in my lifetime where we've gone from pathologizing difference, difference was bad.
00:35:05.060You know, if you stand out, you're bad.
00:35:07.060To now we're almost at a point, we then went to a point where difference was, diversity is our strength, celebrate this, celebrate difference, celebrate this.
00:35:17.040To almost now where, like, difference is even impossible to discuss in that sort of context, right?
00:35:22.800So in the past, it might have been the case of, oh, so you're from South Africa.