00:02:39.940But what was interesting was that it changed our perception
00:02:42.640because suddenly we had a, I think for,
00:02:46.000But I always look at this for anybody as a sort of adolescent growing up.
00:02:52.160Your peer group is going to define a lot of who you are and how you work.
00:02:55.560And so, in a sense, we were suddenly given this new peer group of middle class kids and they went off to university and they came back in the summer.
00:03:05.940And so, OK, they were our new friends.
00:03:08.760And so that's what you do now, because in our schools, nobody went to university.
00:03:14.120just all right i want to be like my friends so i better go off to university so we all we all
00:03:19.900we all said about how are we going to do this because we've got to go to these crap schools
00:03:23.620how are we going to get there uh and and so we just i suppose but it it's quite interesting that
00:03:29.800that didn't seem to be that difficult and i i say that because if you're it's sort of so some of
00:03:35.780this stuff is about motivation is about that drive in to do something is there obviously you do need
00:03:43.120to have some of the stuff in place but to be socially mobile a lot of it and that's why I
00:03:50.820began to think about social mobility that a lot of it was quite intrinsic yeah and so therefore
00:03:57.820that set us off on that journey or me on that journey to to sort of go off to university and
00:04:04.100And I think ever since then, I've always had the tension between almost like middle class people trying to sort of work out what I am and who I am and that kind of desire to do something different.
00:04:22.000So, for example, if you, I remember going to, I mean, I'm also defined by my Jamaican background as well.
00:04:32.300My parents were in Jamaica and all of that was very important in the 70s for us.
00:04:37.660But it wasn't the sole thing that defined me.
00:04:41.880I had another part of me, which was, I don't know, just another part of me.
00:04:45.580I love classical music, for example, and I love Bach and things like that.
00:04:48.460and I remember going to the South Bank
00:05:17.680You know, because it might have been something was going to harm me if I was going to, because I was going to be there, I was about 17 then.
00:05:26.080And something was going to harm me if I was going to go in there and listen to Bach music, being the only black.
00:05:33.120But I've got to go and jump up with all the other black people at Ursy Bisa.
00:08:22.340we have to always set a context for our guests you know the other piece so in this case the
00:08:27.720context was that you're black intimidating and also there was a little there was a little kind
00:08:34.100of working class thing which i think all of working class people get i i i wore a nice suit
00:08:38.740yeah in there because i wanted us i wanted us to get a nice sharp shot for our charity
00:08:42.680and i had some patterned shoes i thought they looked kind of sharp so i was wearing those as
00:08:47.260well and then she pointed to oh he was wearing this posh suit and patterned shoes and it was
00:08:51.800like you know it reminds me of the thing in uh only fools and horses where rodney's always you
00:08:57.620know the drinks thing he has a flash drink as if working class people are trying to be posh you
00:09:03.340know what i mean that kind of so it's kind of slight that that that kind of and that's a dual
00:09:08.600thing you get and it's a very english thing you know you got on the other hand you're a black man
00:09:13.020and they're always current they're always obsessed with your size and whatever and on the other hand
00:09:17.500And there's this whole kind of class thing about your accent and what that tells you about your accent.
00:09:24.240Constantly obsessed with it, you know, which does actually, and I could be wrong.
00:09:29.120I don't see it happening in other countries.
00:09:31.280I think they're a very English thing that we do with accents.
00:09:34.340And I can see people continually struggling with that at times, you know, and even those people who have made it, you know, you can see them always referring back to that kind of tension.
00:10:10.020Well, let's talk about generating genius,
00:10:11.680because you've talked about being stereotyped
00:10:14.340and what you're just talking about there.
00:10:16.240But actually, you're someone who who talks extensively about the fact that in terms of educational outcomes and things like that, it's not racism that prevents people from advancing.
00:10:26.240But it's a lack of values or lack of fathers.
00:10:30.540I mean, the thing is, it still is, even though I tell that story because it's not that I'm here to sort of cry about racism or about what is me.
00:10:39.760I actually think that we can talk about that and we can go over that.
00:10:43.960But you have to, you accept the realities that the society has problems, but it's not going to hold you back.
00:10:51.660You know, that's my mother's attitude. And that was that was how we.
00:10:54.940But what I find is in the balance of things, I still would say that what we what we do need is is is is this sort of almost a kind of a kind of sense to tell young people that they've got the age.
00:11:11.620I call it the agency, to actually kind of get over this.
00:15:20.220I think it's a lack of understanding about the expectations that, in fact, what you can do is you can put some...
00:15:29.280So, for example, some of the universities, some of the colleges genuinely probably didn't think that if you came from a poor part of Brixton in the 70s, 80s, you could get to Oxford.
00:31:17.840It wasn't that the police had got the facts wrong.
00:31:22.380They genuinely believed they were not guilty
00:31:24.760Because when the person disrespected them, the original offence for the knife crime, that is what they're referring to.
00:31:34.000They're saying that that person actually did me so wrong, I was justified to kill him.
00:31:42.240So what we've got is we've got kids locked up in this situation, men locked up, who haven't got any sense of the morality of what they've done.
00:31:51.020They actually still believe. No one's done any work on that.
00:31:54.760They actually believed that they were right.
00:31:56.680So they're actually literally not guilty
00:31:58.620because they were justified to stab them.
00:32:01.780So when they plead to the judge not guilty,
00:40:29.760with some of the positives around social media
00:40:31.940as well so you know it wasn't cool it's not cool anymore to be a girl with a buggy walking around
00:40:38.060town that just doesn't cut it anymore and um the other thing was compulsive compulsive
00:40:45.620contraceptives are not telling the parents that works that seemed to work as well so you know
00:40:51.840the injection went in and the girls you know that's just stopped them you know um and i think
00:40:57.540those two policy things that that we focused on dealt with that problem you know i mean it wasn't
00:41:03.480too we didn't say oh it's too complicated you know and equally i think with the issue for boys we need
00:41:09.180a similar kind of thing around how boys and men see themselves our fathers see themselves and
00:41:15.740making that making it not cool to be a deadbeat dad almost going after them really and and then
00:41:23.580And then really kind of almost in a sense sort of saying to the boys themselves that, look, here are some positive role models of what you can be like as a man, you know, and putting that around them.
00:41:39.920So it's a counter narrative to the gangs. You almost got to go counter to what, you know, the other thing. And then you'll get a positive outcome.
00:41:48.240I mean, it's that kind of policy thing that you need to start engineering around those young people and supporting those single mothers.
00:41:55.640I'm not saying to the single mothers, you've got to stay with those men, but at least do what some of the women do.
00:42:02.100At least call out for help and don't say you can do it all.
00:42:05.160You know, that doesn't mean that you're that doesn't put your feminism radar lower.
00:42:09.760It just means that it just means that you're saying that, look, I need some support here, you know, and we should be able to support those boys.
00:42:17.300So I do think that we've done it before and we can do it for young men.
00:42:22.560And Tony, this is one of the areas that I really wanted to talk to you about
00:42:26.140because it always rears its head with the police.