00:02:06.840It's great to have you on the show, man.
00:02:08.460Before we get into it, and you're a fascinating person to talk to about geopolitics, economics, and all of that.
00:02:15.200Tell everybody a little bit about who are you, how are you, where you are,
00:02:18.600What has been the journey through life that leads you to be sitting here talking to us?
00:02:22.300I've always been interested in how things work.
00:02:24.660So whether it's geography or demography or politics or economics, I need to understand how the pieces fit together, which means I absorb information voraciously.
00:02:33.880And I've worked in D.C. for some think tanks.
00:02:36.080I worked for a private intelligence company.
00:02:37.620And now I take my insight and I spell it out for companies who are trying to figure out what's coming down the pipe.
00:02:44.640It means that I'm always absorbing from everywhere and I get a lot of migraines.
00:02:48.960And when I go on vacation, I have to go someplace my phone doesn't work.
00:02:52.160So in 21 days, I'm going backpacking in Yosemite and I will not come out for a month.
00:02:59.600I don't blame you, given everything that's going on.
00:03:02.080And speaking of looking forward, one of the things we wanted to talk to you about a few
00:03:06.560months ago was the conflict in Ukraine, Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
00:03:10.880But actually, since then, I think a lot of people, particularly people in our audience in the UK and America,
00:03:16.480are waking up to the fact that it's very likely that we're all going to be a lot poorer than we have been.
00:03:21.740And everybody's sort of scratching their heads and going, why is that?
00:11:32.820Now, in the United States, 10 years from now, our millennial generation, which is a large
00:11:38.000generation, will enter that capital-rich demographic.
00:11:41.000But most of the rest of the world does not have a millennial generation of size.
00:11:44.360So we're going to get this split in capital costs with the Americans going one way, the
00:11:49.180advanced world going another way, and most of the developing world never having been able to become
00:11:54.100rich enough to play their own role. So, we get to do all of this in a period of multi-decade
00:12:00.140capital shortages. We don't even have an economic theory that describes what that is going to look
00:12:06.100like. Exciting stuff, Peter. But, you know, you talk about the situation with demographics, and
00:12:15.360You mentioned winners and losers. Who are going to be the winners of this situation?
00:12:23.040Well, the United States is the first world country in the best position demographically.
00:12:27.460And in terms of structurally, economically, it never invested its economy into globalization because it was a bribe.
00:12:32.920We basically created this environment so that people would be on our side versus the Soviets.
00:12:37.700So if we had invested our economy in it, we would have just been another empire and there probably wouldn't have been all that many takers.
00:12:44.660So that means the United States can step away from this system and not suffer too much pain.
00:12:49.560France had a very similar view of globalization because they saw it as an American strategic play.
00:12:55.580They're like, oh, that's what we would have done.
00:12:57.260So, of course, they didn't invest their economy into either the globalized world or even into the European Union.
00:13:05.560They think of the EU as a strategic project, not an economic one.
00:13:08.760And so they invested into the European system about the same way that the Brits did.
00:13:14.000small, late, have some regrets, never went in whole hog. But then there are countries that can
00:13:20.440attach themselves to one of those systems or maybe start up a little echo of their own.
00:13:25.320Turkey looks pretty good. Japan clearly has the military force to go out and secure the things
00:13:30.140that it needs, and it has offloaded a lot of manufacturing base into countries with better
00:13:34.520demographic structures. Argentina, despite its creative policymaking, has all the inputs that
00:13:41.940it needs to be successful should it so choose. And then other countries have already managed to
00:13:48.140kind of get into the American inner circle, whether that's Mexico or Canada or Colombia or Chile.
00:13:53.300They already have the legal structure and the trade deals in place. Australia looks good because
00:13:58.900even though they're going to suffer a horrific recession as they adapt to some of the excesses
00:14:05.240of the last 30 years, they've got a stable population, they've got resources, they've got
00:14:09.800the raw materials, they've got an agricultural system that's hugely export-oriented, and they're
00:14:14.820America's best friends. So you can see countries latching on to some of the more successful systems
00:14:21.200and others trying to go their own way with various degrees of success.
00:14:26.240Well, Peter, we're sitting here in Britain, which I take it would be on the list of winners by being
00:14:31.220sort of under the umbrella of the U.S. That is entirely up to you. One of the problems that
00:14:37.000Britain has right now is it still hasn't figured out what the hell it wants to do about Brexit.
00:14:41.240I mean, come on, guys. It's been five years. Tell me about it.
00:14:45.680The smart play would be to go to Washington and ask for a deep free trade deal and maybe
00:14:52.240inclusion in the NAFTA. The problem with that strategy is that we will treat you,
00:14:58.600we have treated you exactly the same in these talks as we treated you during Lend-Lease.
00:15:04.680So we gave you in Lend-Lease 40-odd outdated, badly constructed mothballed destroyers in
00:15:11.280exchange for every military facility you had in the Western Hemisphere.
00:15:14.180That's the scale of the capitulation that Washington is going to demand.
00:15:18.680That means all your deals with Ireland on Northern Ireland have to stick because we
00:15:30.260And that means that the financial hub needs to move from London to New York.
00:15:37.400I mean, these are non-negotiable from the American point of view.
00:15:39.940And that's one of the reasons why the trade deal has not happened.
00:15:42.480The rhetoric of the brecasseters that they would just be able to go to Washington and get a better deal, not true.
00:15:48.640But what the Americans are demanding is the best you are going to get.
00:15:53.460And until and unless the UK comes to that conclusion on itself, then it is trapped at the edge of the European system.
00:16:02.000Now, the European system is facing its own mortal problems, but you can no longer be part of whatever the planning is for the next stage.
00:16:10.840And that does leave you kind of out on your own.
00:16:13.260And long range manufacturing supply chains are no longer viable anyway.
00:16:16.860So you do need to partner with someone.
00:16:19.900And that either means going crawling back to the EU, which I don't think is a viable option anymore, or crawling to Washington, which is at best distasteful.
00:16:30.800Right. Well, we're going to be crawling, is your point. We're sort of on our knees already, to be fair.
00:16:35.360But Peter, one of the things that a lot of you're clearly someone with a lot of expertise, a lot of the people who watch our show are not as educated on these issues.
00:16:44.180But what they're trying to do is understand what's happening in the world and what's happening in their lives right now.
00:16:49.140And we talk a lot about the cost of living, we talk a lot about the rising price of fuel, all of these things.
00:16:56.360How have government policies played into this?
00:16:58.660Because a lot of people will say, well, look, the pursuit of net zero is one of the reasons that all our prices are going up.
00:17:04.900Someone else will say it's the war in Ukraine, and people come up with all of these different explanations.
00:19:52.060The Russians have recently shut off Nord Stream.
00:19:54.700And we know that all the pipelines that are crossing Ukraine to Europe are going to get blown up one way or another this calendar year.
00:19:59.640So you can count on roughly four to six million barrels a day of crude and roughly, oh geez, I got to translate this one. Sorry, I'm thinking BCF.
00:20:14.120it's 9 to 12 bcf so what's that 90 to 120 million billion cubic meters of natural gas a year going
00:20:21.920offline before the end of the year and that will obviously sucker punch everyone in europe repeatedly
00:20:26.720again uk has a little bit different system you're further from the russians you hardly use any of
00:20:32.600their stuff you have the option of taking stuff from the north sea first you have closer access
00:20:37.160to lng from the united states so you're going to be able to watch europe and when you're not
00:20:42.600giggling because that would be rude. You're hopefully going to learn a few things on
00:20:46.360what not to do as you're adjusting your own energy plans. But all of that is going to be
00:20:51.100inflationary no matter who you are. We're losing potash fertilizer that used to come from Russian
00:20:57.700Belarus. We're losing phosphate fertilizer, which used to come from China. And we are losing nitrogen
00:21:03.620fertilizer, which is made from natural gas globally. So we know food prices have to go up.
00:21:09.180Again, I don't see the U.K. starving, but that contributes to inflation.
00:21:14.020But what's really going on, in my opinion, is a labor story.
00:21:18.040In the U.K., in the U.S., our largest generation has been our baby boomers.
00:21:24.640And the kids who are 0 to 20 who are now moving into the workforce,
00:21:27.960they are the lowest, the smallest generation that either of our countries has ever seen.
00:21:32.260In the United States, that is already an annual shortage of 400,000 workers.
00:21:37.320In my country, that's going to go up for the next 12 years until we hit 900,000.
00:21:42.540So we are looking at labor inflation here being higher than inflation in energy and food and manufactured goods combined for a decade.
00:21:55.360So, Peter, again, that being the case, how come politicians haven't looked at this and thought, right, there is a problem coming down the pipe.
00:26:49.400So you're talking about now going further afield in that the United Kingdom absolutely has an advantage over the rest of the EU because the UK has always had a more open definition of self.
00:27:02.040Because by definition, the UK is a merger of multiple ethnicities without necessarily erasing them in the way that the French did or the Germans did.
00:27:11.480and that makes you a little bit more culturally open but it will not happen by accident you're
00:27:16.400a freaking island and you just need to build the system that allows them to come in either from
00:27:21.360the former colonies or from countries that are closer there are ways to skin that cat all of
00:27:27.180them generate a degree of political backlash and I think it's safe to say that everyone in the UK
00:27:31.920right now has a fresh appreciation for just how touchy you can be when it comes to your politics
00:27:37.640In the United States, we learned that lesson five years ago with Donald Trump.
00:27:42.420And for people who thought that all it was going to take was the fall of Trump and the rise of Biden to change it, no.
00:27:47.740Our immigration policy is, if anything, tighter now than it was two years ago.
00:27:53.500This requires a significant cultural adaptation.
00:27:58.060We go through phases, and right now, both countries, kind of like the door's shut.
00:28:04.000and peter you mentioned something about german about the german system collapsing now i haven't
00:28:11.840heard anything about this but it does sound exciting yeah it does you know he's got a jewish
00:28:17.240background so he's thrilled but sure i'm glad you laughed at that otherwise that joke is very
00:28:23.280problematic but anyway peter it's like there is no longer anything but bad humor in my life
00:28:29.800okay so the um the german system has four pillars of support and without all four
00:28:38.520it doesn't work number one inexpensive energy supplies from russia it's the only place that
00:28:45.600the germans can get the stuff cheap and it forms the basis of their heavy industry which provides
00:28:50.600the materials for their medium and their light industries so if something happens that in the
00:28:54.160base level it's not just that they have a problem with electricity although they do it's that they
00:28:58.520no longer have the materials that's necessary to make plastics or to forge steel or to do
00:29:04.120anything downstream of that. The Nord Stream pipeline went offline yesterday. There's a
00:29:09.840concern, a very real concern, that it's never going to come back on. What's going on right now
00:29:13.560is that the Russians are trying to blackmail the Germans into backing out of NATO. It's that simple
00:29:17.640because without German assistance, there are no logistical means of getting equipment from the
00:29:24.540rest of NATO into Ukraine. End of story. So the Germans are being forced to decide between being
00:29:31.020industrialized and neutral or unindustrialized and Western. Not a fun conversation to have.
00:29:40.520The Germans are the fastest aging society in Europe. They're in the top five globally.
00:29:46.320Germany is not a country where you can have an open, honest, national conversation about
00:29:51.060population policy. And it shows. And so they now have more people in their 60s than their 50s than
00:29:56.220their 40s than their 30s than their 20s. Until now, this has worked. Because when you have a lot
00:30:01.900of people in your 40s, 50s, and early 60s without kids, they can work long, they can work hard,
00:30:06.860they can get better educated, they're the most productive workers on the planet. But that group
00:30:12.560that is in the 60s is now flipping into retirement this decade. And that changes things overnight,
00:30:17.620going from an advanced worker base with lots of experience to a retired worker base where the
00:30:23.640experience is irrelevant. That happens this decade. That was always going to happen this decade.
00:30:29.380This was always going to be the last decade of the German manufacturing model. Third, it's not
00:30:35.100just about the Germans. A successful manufacturing system requires different stages of production with
00:30:42.120different workforces with different skill sets at different costs. The Americans do this with
00:30:46.980Mexico. The Germans do this with Poland and the Czech Republic and Romania and Ukraine and it's
00:30:55.200now over. And then finally you need globalization because when you have an advanced population
00:31:01.620that's top heavy, you don't have enough people to consume. You have to export the stuff and the
00:31:07.940Americans have lost interest. So it's not just Nord Stream. That's just the proximate cause of
00:31:13.700the day, all four of these pillars were already breaking. The demographic ones were definitely
00:31:20.420going to break completely this decade. And with the Americans, it all depends upon our mood.
00:31:24.900And then, of course, the Russians are just forcing things into the light right now.
00:31:27.920So the German manufacturing model cannot survive the 2020s. The Russians get to decide whether it
00:31:35.560survives 2022. Wow. And so obviously that in the German economy, economy is such a powerhouse
00:31:43.400If that goes down, then that is going to have shockwaves right across Europe.
00:31:48.420It takes Belgium and Poland and the Netherlands and all of the Central European economies down with it,
00:31:53.820and the French are left to inherit the earth.
00:32:01.500Peter, I wanted to talk about China because this is another area where you have ideas that are very different to most people.
00:32:12.220A lot of people, including former guests of ours, we had Dr. John Lee on the show recently talking about what China is trying to do, the threat of China vis-a-vis Taiwan, etc.
00:32:22.480You believe that, again, due to demographic issues particularly and also this end of globalization, China is on the verge of collapse.
00:36:40.780They're the canary in the coal mine, if you will.
00:36:42.740and they now know that everything they've prepared for for the last 40 years was based on faulty
00:36:49.080assumptions this is normally the place where you would as a national leader send all of your smart
00:36:56.080people into another room to kind of game out some replacement plannings but the cult of personality
00:37:01.360in china is now so tight and xi has executed so many people at the top that he no longer has a
00:37:06.720brain trust to send into the other room so china's just slamming its head into the wall over and over
00:37:11.300and over and over until something cracks. And I don't think that's something that's going to be
00:37:14.160Taiwan. Well, Peter, you mentioned the reason that you think Russia is doing what it's doing
00:37:20.860in Ukraine, which is to secure a more defensible position. You mentioned that there are other
00:37:25.980places where it needs to plug those gaps as well. What does the conflict and the future of Russian
00:37:33.380aggressive behavior in Eastern Europe look like, in your opinion?
00:37:37.180When the Russians did that first thunder run to Kharkiv and Kiev, and they realized that they were not going to be welcome into saviors, that no one had bought their propaganda but themselves, they had to reassess.
00:37:50.900The problem with Ukraine from the Russian point of view is not that it's in one of those geographic gaps, it's that it's on the way to two of them.
00:37:57.600So it's not that the Russians aren't going to stop until they have all Ukraine, it's that they won't stop when they have all of Ukraine.
00:38:03.980and that meant they had to dust off an older playbook and that's why we're seeing all their
00:38:09.720artillery now they're deliberately destroying every piece of civilian infrastructure they can
00:38:15.340see specifically agricultural infrastructure to make sure that the land is uninhabitable for at
00:38:22.200least several years because that forces the population to self-segregate either into
00:38:27.060refugees which leave and you don't have to worry about them or anyone who just stays is clearly a
00:38:32.820fighter and you can set the Wagner group or the Chechens on them just to wipe them out. And that's
00:38:36.420what we've seen in southern Ukraine and eastern Ukraine for the most part. And we're seeing these
00:38:40.360incremental gains by artillery. If the Russians succeed, that doesn't simply destroy the Ukrainian
00:38:49.660nation and the Ukrainian state. It's just the next step in getting to those gaps. And that means
00:38:56.800Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, excuse me, Moldova and Romania have to fall as well.
00:39:02.820On the western periphery of the Russian space, those are the countries that the Russians feel
00:39:06.360they have to, have to, have to hold. And if they pull that off, then the FSB is released to do
00:39:13.540what the FSB was designed to do, and that's to suppress all national dissent, no matter what the
00:39:18.180form, everywhere it goes. From the Russian point of view, that's the easy part. The hard part is
00:39:23.640conquering the country in the first place. Well, Peter, sorry, Francis, let me just finish off on
00:39:29.000this. As someone who's less of an expert in the economic side of this, but someone who is from
00:39:35.140Russia who's been paying attention, I've been saying this to people for a long time. Like,
00:39:39.000this is just the beginning. It's part of a much bigger plan. But I suppose that the most valid
00:39:45.120counterargument to that would be, would it not be suicide for Russia to attack NATO countries like
00:39:49.840Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Romania, etc.? Well, we found out in the first week of the war
00:39:56.160that the Russians' military from a conventional point of view was not nearly as important as it
00:40:00.760looked to be. We now know that the United States, NATO in general, is running out of a lot of the
00:40:06.200equipment that the Ukrainians need to fight because that's not how our militaries are designed.
00:40:10.040The U.S. does not do massed formations. We do precision from distance to destroy command and
00:40:14.760control and logistic hubs. And then we go in and clean up. The Russians are going inch by inch by
00:40:19.560inch destroying everything. And fighting that requires a different sort of military. And we
00:40:25.320can't train Ukraine with the weapons that we use for the long-range stuff because that isn't
00:40:30.600something you do in a few weeks. That's something that takes a few years. We don't have that kind
00:40:34.500of time, even if we were willing to share our top-shelf technology, which I think is open to
00:40:40.180debate. So we're running out of the sort of stuff that the Ukrainians can use, and we're probably
00:40:47.360going to be largely tapped by October. So if Ukraine has not ripped the guts out of the Russian
00:40:53.960military by then, this war is going to take a very different term because you will have a large
00:41:00.000manpower heavy Russian army that has low morale and poor equipment against a Ukrainian force that
00:41:08.280doesn't have weapons. There's no math there. But the Russians know they can't face us in a
00:41:16.720conventional war. And that's where the nukes come into play, especially, especially, especially
00:41:22.340if the Germans have flipped. Because if the Germans have flipped, there's no defense of
00:41:26.540Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania anyway. So the Russians are playing their cards
00:41:33.460on the diplomatic and the economic side of this very, very well. And to be perfectly blunt,
00:41:38.600it's not a hard hand to play. The Germans have pushed for 40 years against, depending upon
00:41:48.720Russian energy and raw materials and we're seeing where it leads and before
00:41:52.800you criticize the Germans overly because you know that's that's justified this is
00:41:57.360not a new problem Germany and Russia are our neighbors and they try to get along
00:42:03.000to prove so that they don't have to go to war and then it ultimately falls
00:42:05.880apart and they go to war and they go try to get it again and afterwards to try
00:42:09.660to try to prevent the next one that's all they can do it's just that we're
00:42:12.960unlucky enough to be living in a time where we're in one of the zigs rather
00:42:16.920than the zags. Peter, the picture you're painting is very bleak. It's very bleak. It's very bleak
00:42:27.320with everything, really. But you describe yourself as an optimist. So what is there to be optimistic
00:42:32.940about? Well, history is a series of cycles of an organizational structure forming and generating a
00:42:40.320golden age and then breaking apart under its own inconsistencies and collapsing. And what we know
00:42:46.240is history is highs and lows, highs and lows. Globalization has been the biggest high we have
00:42:52.780ever had. And its break apart was always going to hurt a lot. The demographics are just faltering
00:43:00.540in on top of that, making it worse. But we're now in a position where roughly half of the earth's
00:43:07.640surface has industrialized and urbanized and is not subject to the collapse. Will it be inflation?