TRIGGERnometry - April 07, 2024


How Family Breakdown Destroys Society - Rob Henderson


Episode Stats

Length

1 hour and 8 minutes

Words per Minute

205.43214

Word Count

13,980

Sentence Count

740

Misogynist Sentences

22

Hate Speech Sentences

18


Summary

Summaries generated with gmurro/bart-large-finetuned-filtered-spotify-podcast-summ .

In this episode, we're joined by the author of his new book, "Luxury Beliefs: How to Break the Cycle of Abuse in America's Foster Care System: The Story of a Family in Need of a New Beginning. We talk about the process of writing the book, how he got into foster care, and what it was like to grow up in foster care.

Transcript

Transcript generated with Whisper (turbo).
Misogyny classifications generated with MilaNLProc/bert-base-uncased-ear-misogyny .
Hate speech classifications generated with facebook/roberta-hate-speech-dynabench-r4-target .
00:00:00.720 Your first memory is watching your birth mother handcuffed and taken away.
00:00:05.320 You go from foster home to foster home to foster home.
00:00:08.680 I got a front row seat into sort of witnessing what's been happening to families in working
00:00:14.200 class communities.
00:00:15.200 Marriage and commitment and long term bonds.
00:00:19.180 It's just not as pronounced anymore.
00:00:21.760 At what point are we just going to be just really honest and go, we're failing our children?
00:00:28.320 So how does the cycle get broken?
00:00:31.240 All right, Rob, welcome back to the show.
00:00:33.460 Last time you were on, we talked about this concept that you actually pioneered, which
00:00:36.540 is luxury beliefs.
00:00:38.620 Fantastic conversation.
00:00:39.820 You've since written a book conspicuously right in the center of the table, which is absolutely
00:00:44.600 crushing it right now.
00:00:45.780 You've done every podcast in the US before us.
00:00:48.240 So we're obviously annoyed with you.
00:00:50.080 However, we've got the UK first one.
00:00:53.560 Great to have you on.
00:00:54.560 And what a brilliant book it is.
00:00:56.960 And in some ways, I have to say, it probably wasn't that hard to write in that you've had
00:01:00.580 the most remarkable life story of almost anyone that sat in that chair.
00:01:04.720 Yeah, it was.
00:01:05.720 It was.
00:01:06.720 I mean, thank you.
00:01:07.720 Thank you both for having me.
00:01:08.720 It was a struggle, actually, to get the ideas down on the page, the sort of resurfacing all
00:01:15.480 of the experiences, the stories, the memories.
00:01:19.000 And there was a period, especially the first half of the book, where I was surprised at
00:01:25.620 how sort of fresh the feelings were from that period.
00:01:29.760 You know, especially as a guy, you just feel like, oh, I can just get over it.
00:01:32.760 You know, I'm a man now.
00:01:33.760 We move on.
00:01:34.760 I can't can't dwell on all of this stuff.
00:01:36.980 And and I think it can be useful.
00:01:39.380 It can be adaptive as you're sort of striving and advancing in the world.
00:01:42.300 But, you know, that was a strange period.
00:01:43.720 It was the lockdown and everyone was just kind of inside.
00:01:46.280 And so it did give me that time, actually.
00:01:48.960 You know, I managed to use that period to channel my energy toward writing this book.
00:01:56.380 And yeah, I mean, just the way it came together, even in hindsight, you know, I've read it multiple
00:02:00.860 times now going through edits and all that stuff before it came out and, you know, if
00:02:06.980 I had known how difficult it was going to be to write it, I don't know that I actually
00:02:10.900 would have agreed to it.
00:02:11.900 So in a way, I'm actually glad I didn't know what it was going to be like.
00:02:15.500 It's almost like, you know, I don't know, running a marathon or something like that,
00:02:18.220 where you don't actually anticipate just how grueling it's going to be.
00:02:21.660 But then afterwards, you're like, glad you're proud that you did it.
00:02:23.660 And that's kind of how I feel.
00:02:24.660 You've got to give yourself a break, though, because for people who haven't yet read the book,
00:02:27.980 and of course, we recommend that they do, like your first memory is watching your birth
00:02:32.420 mother be handcuffed and taken away.
00:02:35.980 You go from foster home to foster home to foster home, then you get adopted, you know, that
00:02:41.720 family splits and someone else comes in, someone gets shot, like, then you get your, you drink
00:02:48.180 too much, like, I mean, every terrible experience is pretty much that human beings can have.
00:02:54.720 You've had by the time you're like 20.
00:02:58.160 Yeah, I mean, it's, it was a very kind of interesting, you know, these terrible experiences, to me,
00:03:01.160 they, I've had some difficulty with this, because I've read a lot of great memoirs and biographies
00:03:05.800 of, you know, many guests that you guys have had on your show.
00:03:07.600 And I'm like, you know, I wasn't like, I wasn't a refugee in a totalitarian regime.
00:03:11.880 I wasn't, you know, I wasn't, you know, a poor black person in the Jim Crow era, like I've
00:03:18.280 read very, you know, some of these, some of these stories are just horrific.
00:03:21.720 And, but my book, I think is unique in that I think most people don't anticipate just
00:03:26.640 how difficult the foster care system is in the modern era.
00:03:31.420 I don't think a lot of people are familiar with just how, how much deterioration and disrepair
00:03:38.380 exists in kind of lower class, working class areas in the US.
00:03:42.260 So it's kind of this unfamiliar world.
00:03:43.980 So, you know, when you hear about, you know, someone in a totalitarian regime, you kind of
00:03:48.620 expect, okay, this is going to be horrible.
00:03:50.120 I'm going to read about it, but I know it's going to be bad.
00:03:52.100 Whereas a book like this, you're like, okay, foster care system.
00:03:54.320 You know, I have some thoughts about it, but let me read it.
00:03:56.440 And then I think a lot of people are just shocked at just how unstable, chaotic, neglectful,
00:04:03.280 emotionally difficult it is for kids in those environments.
00:04:08.100 And so, you know, I, I opened my book, the preface of the book going through the kind
00:04:13.540 of origins of my name.
00:04:14.820 And I use that as a device to kind of introduce the reader into kind of what happens to kids
00:04:19.920 who go in the foster care system, you know, these not uncommon experiences.
00:04:23.780 And then, like you mentioned, after the foster care system, I was adopted into this, uh, working
00:04:30.720 class family was settled into this kind of dusty blue collar town in Northern California.
00:04:35.460 And this was the late nineties.
00:04:36.860 And of course, at the time I wasn't aware of this, but, you know, cause I was a little
00:04:41.960 kid, but in hindsight, now I understand after reading kind of interesting sociological studies,
00:04:46.880 ethnographic research that I got a front row seat into sort of witnessing, uh, what's been
00:04:51.740 happening to families in working class communities sort of all across the country.
00:04:56.040 I mean, all across the Western world, really, that this is not a unique just to the U S or
00:04:59.700 even just to the UK.
00:05:00.720 And yeah, just communicating those experiences firsthand.
00:05:04.680 I don't just talk about my experiences either.
00:05:07.740 You know, I didn't want this book to just be this kind of, you know, oh, this bootstrap
00:05:12.200 story, you know, he had a difficult life, but then he, you know, worked really hard and rose
00:05:16.460 above it.
00:05:17.460 And I guess that is one way to look at it, but I wanted people to understand the kind
00:05:22.220 of modal or most common experience of a young male in this kind of environment.
00:05:28.320 And so I had several close friends growing up, uh, in Red Bluff, California, and I described
00:05:36.080 their lives and their experiences and kind of where they ended up.
00:05:40.000 And I wanted the reader to understand that you can't expect, you know, every single kid
00:05:46.460 who grows up this way to have the outcome that I had.
00:05:49.820 These are the outcomes that are statistically the most likely.
00:05:53.300 So, you know, I had most of my friends, they weren't in foster care, raised by single moms.
00:05:57.220 I had a friend raised by a single dad, friend raised by his grandmother because his mom
00:06:00.720 was on drugs and his dad was in prison.
00:06:02.340 And that's kind of a common picture of these communities.
00:06:05.140 And, you know, where did they end up?
00:06:07.300 I mean, I had two friends who went to prison.
00:06:09.400 I had another friend who was shot.
00:06:10.840 I have, you know, the rest of my friends kind of in these, you know, menial jobs that are
00:06:17.120 not particularly satisfying to them.
00:06:18.880 And, you know, friends who have, uh, two children with two different women who they don't speak
00:06:23.980 to.
00:06:24.160 Like, this is not, you know, this is, uh, you know, this is surprisingly and, and, and
00:06:30.100 sadly, it's just, this is common.
00:06:32.220 And Rob, you're talking about your friends who went down a different path.
00:06:38.000 You're obviously a very, really bright guy.
00:06:39.940 You went to an Ivy league college, you went to Cambridge.
00:06:44.900 Do you think that the difference between you and them is intellectual slash academic
00:06:49.520 ability, or do you think it's something else?
00:06:53.060 So, yeah, I get into discussions and friendly debates with people more so on the right, I
00:06:59.720 think, who, I think they, they overvalue the importance of academic ability where they,
00:07:06.520 you know, they read some studies about IQ and intelligence.
00:07:10.140 And then I think like, oh, that, that explains the world now.
00:07:12.700 And I think it's a, it's a piece of the puzzle, but it's not the whole story.
00:07:17.000 Um, so, you know, the, the, the short version is, I think that in intelligence or academic ability
00:07:23.660 is necessary, but not sufficient to do well.
00:07:27.360 And I tell these stories in the book about how my curiosity and my aptitude and my interest
00:07:33.340 in school, it would kind of wax and wane depending on my environment.
00:07:36.520 And so I tell a story in the seventh foster home I lived in, um, you know, I was changing
00:07:42.740 homes every three to six months.
00:07:44.440 I was changing schools all the time.
00:07:45.940 It was just a jumble of, of, of chaos.
00:07:49.180 And so by the time I was in this seventh foster home, the teacher and the social worker and
00:07:55.320 my foster mom, they were so concerned with my lack of academic performance that they, um,
00:08:01.400 had a psychologist come and administer, uh, an IQ test because they thought it might've
00:08:05.080 had a learning disability and I took the test and it was like a very, you know, I, I scored
00:08:10.120 below average overall on the IQ test.
00:08:12.380 Um, and on the verbal portion, I scored something like an 80, which is more than a standard deviation
00:08:19.100 below the average.
00:08:20.060 And that was because no one read to me, um, changing schools all the time.
00:08:24.440 There was no, um, external pressure or guidance or encouragement to pick up a book.
00:08:29.120 And I had to teach myself to read.
00:08:31.860 Um, you know, I was taking this test and I gave it like a kind of half-hearted effort.
00:08:36.660 You know, one of the things that people don't understand about IQ tests is if you score really
00:08:40.260 high on an IQ test, it probably means you're pretty smart.
00:08:43.400 If you score low on IQ tests, that could be for a variety of reasons.
00:08:46.060 It could be because you're not very academically inclined, but it could be because you're tired,
00:08:50.340 you're hungry, you're neglected, your, um, abilities haven't been, yeah, you can't concentrate.
00:08:56.280 Your abilities haven't been cultivated.
00:08:57.740 You're not, uh, attending school.
00:08:59.600 Or if you are, it's the kind of school that I had where it's like, oh, you're changing school
00:09:02.900 district again and again and again.
00:09:04.820 And so I think that that could explain it.
00:09:07.660 Um, and then the other was just effort.
00:09:09.340 Like I had this, um, I describe in the book, this kind of simmering anger and resentment.
00:09:16.060 And rage that I had toward adults.
00:09:19.060 Um, you know, I, I talk about how, you know, after you're let down by so many adults in
00:09:25.180 your early life, eventually you learn to let yourself down.
00:09:28.080 And so this was kind of an outlet for my aggression where the, you know, the psychologist
00:09:33.280 is like, you know, he, he showed me a picture, you know, one of the questions, he showed me
00:09:36.560 this picture of this bald guy and he, he has a comb pressed to his head and he has no hair.
00:09:42.200 And so the psychologist asks me, uh, what's happening in this photo.
00:09:45.660 And I say, um, uh, it's a guy combing his hair or his head.
00:09:50.360 And the psychologist says, well, is there anything unusual about this picture?
00:09:54.680 And I thought the question was stupid.
00:09:56.420 And I thought the test was, I was just like this whole, like this whole thing is stupid.
00:09:59.820 You know, I've never seen this person in my life.
00:10:02.520 This is like another adult.
00:10:04.360 The system has assigned to help me, even though I never felt like I was being helped.
00:10:09.520 And so I just said, no, it looks, looks fine.
00:10:11.640 And it wasn't because I was dumb or because I didn't understand.
00:10:14.980 It was just like, I know what you want me to say.
00:10:17.000 I'm not going to say it.
00:10:18.600 Um, and then there were some other parts of the test too, where it was like, you know,
00:10:21.320 here's a picture of a fire truck and they gave me this ruler.
00:10:23.440 They wanted me to measure the truck.
00:10:24.620 I'm like, oh, this is kind of fun.
00:10:25.680 It's interesting.
00:10:26.180 It's tactile.
00:10:26.760 So I would put in an effort for that.
00:10:29.760 Um, but look, all of this is to say that, look, I, I scored very low on this test.
00:10:34.780 And so, but then later on when I was adopted, there were periods of stability in my early
00:10:40.480 life.
00:10:41.100 My grades would improve.
00:10:42.840 Um, I tell this story about how, after I had to teach myself to read, I eventually got
00:10:46.940 third place at the school spelling bee, um, you know, within a very short period of time
00:10:51.180 after I, um, started reading.
00:10:53.240 And then, you know, there was, there were divorces and separations and more disorder and chaos.
00:10:59.480 And my grades would kind of reflect that in school.
00:11:02.240 Uh, and so I think there are probably a lot of kids who are from these kind of deteriorating
00:11:08.480 neighborhoods who are smart and who would be academically inclined, but they're just weighed
00:11:14.560 down.
00:11:15.220 Not so much by the poverty.
00:11:16.740 You know, I do talk about a bit about the material poverty, but more so by the disorder
00:11:20.640 and the chaos and the uncertainty and instability.
00:11:22.980 I think that's a much stronger, uh, uh, that has a much stronger effect on a child's sort
00:11:29.200 of academic performance.
00:11:30.100 And I, I set research and studies in the book that are reflective of that.
00:11:33.220 It's absolutely true.
00:11:34.700 I remember when I used to teach you, I used to teach kids who were so bright, so smart.
00:11:39.060 And the, the heartbreaking thing was, is that you would see them come in and many of them,
00:11:45.120 the vast majority wouldn't be able to leave their background at the door because they're
00:11:49.320 a kid.
00:11:49.840 There was, you know, the odd one who succeeded in spite of everything, but that was an anomaly.
00:11:54.800 The vast majority were just like you.
00:11:57.060 Yeah.
00:11:57.660 Yeah.
00:11:57.900 And I mean, like I, there are glimmers of this.
00:12:00.480 You know, I tell the stories where I'm interacting with my friends and I'm the only one who reads
00:12:04.280 for pleasure in high school.
00:12:05.440 I'm the only one who regularly visits the school library, but my grades were the same
00:12:09.700 and we were all kind of C minus students.
00:12:12.760 Um, and you know, like I, I did the bare minimum.
00:12:17.060 I was kind of a C minus slacker stoner kid in high school.
00:12:20.400 And I just didn't feel like I needed to put in an, uh, an effort once I kind of decided
00:12:25.980 that college wasn't in the cards for me, you know, I knew we couldn't afford it.
00:12:30.360 And I, you know, it wasn't a common ambition of the people around me.
00:12:34.480 I talk about, there's one kid who I was kind of friendly with.
00:12:37.540 We weren't close, but he went off to, uh, kind of a local state school and he was the
00:12:42.020 straight A student.
00:12:42.920 He was the smartest kid that we thought of in our client.
00:12:45.660 Who's this, this, this guy.
00:12:46.540 And he went off to a state school, but I wasn't, you know, I didn't see myself in that way.
00:12:52.780 And so once I realized, oh, I'm not going to go to college, I just, you know, kind of
00:12:55.980 mailed it in and didn't even think about my future, um, until kind of the last minute.
00:13:01.000 But yeah, I mean, it's, it's just one of the points I, I, I also make in the book is
00:13:06.200 that, you know, even if, even if every single kid who grew up the way that I did goes off
00:13:15.300 to some, you know, fancy Ivy league school and attains the kind of conventional badges
00:13:22.480 of success that we're also focused on when we talk about social mobility, educational
00:13:26.960 attainment, occupational prestige, future earnings, you know, even if they do attain
00:13:32.620 all of those things, it's not going to suddenly, uh, heal the wounds or the scars of their early
00:13:39.340 life.
00:13:40.120 Um, you know, I came to this realization at some point that, you know, it's nice.
00:13:44.420 It's better than not having those things, but you know, it's not worth the trade-off.
00:13:49.280 You know, there's this common line.
00:13:50.300 I'm so glad I went through everything I went through because it made me who I am today.
00:13:52.920 And I kind of have this, the opposite view where I think most of the time people who
00:13:57.960 live through very difficult early life circumstances and, and then later achieve some level of success
00:14:03.620 and flourishing, I think they succeed despite those experiences, not because of them.
00:14:08.240 Um, cause you know, very few people would wish those experiences on their loved ones or their
00:14:13.400 own children or the people around them.
00:14:15.220 Um, I certainly wouldn't.
00:14:16.340 Um, so, you know, I, I think that we focus too much on what happens after the age of 18
00:14:23.220 of, okay, where do these kids go off?
00:14:25.000 You know, kids from poor or poor homes, foster homes, and so on.
00:14:28.920 Where do they go next after they graduate high school or if they graduate high school and
00:14:32.340 what's next?
00:14:33.200 Whereas I'm focused more on, you know, this is kind of a coming of age memoir.
00:14:36.780 And I talk about zero to 17 or 18 and how, you know, my friends, I'm not entirely certain
00:14:44.340 that even in the best of environments that they would have gone on to some, you know,
00:14:50.060 fancy school.
00:14:51.240 I, they weren't, they weren't interested in school.
00:14:53.460 And I'm not entirely convinced that even if they were raised by two parents, stable home,
00:14:57.740 upper middle-class area, if they, their interests would have changed that much.
00:15:01.680 But I do think that even if they don't go off to college, um, you know, they, they still
00:15:07.520 would have deserved to have a stable, safe, secure childhood where they're not surrounded
00:15:12.440 by poverty and addiction and substance abuse and people making self-defeating decisions
00:15:17.360 and neglect and just sort of day-to-day chaos.
00:15:21.500 Um, it's still important to try to minimize those experiences regardless of how the future
00:15:26.800 looks for them.
00:15:28.140 And so, and the other thing is like, you know, even if social mobility were our goal, social
00:15:34.600 mobility in the sense of conventional badges of success, education and earnings and so
00:15:39.120 on, one of the number, actually the number one predictor of whether or not someone graduates
00:15:45.200 from college is if they were raised by, by two parents.
00:15:48.620 And so even if we wanted them to go to college and that was our goal, which I'm not convinced
00:15:52.220 that should be our goal, but even if it were, um, yeah, sort of promoting and cultivating
00:15:57.340 stable family, stable community, stable environments.
00:15:59.480 I mean, I tell you guys a story that I eventually, uh, left on the cutting room floor.
00:16:05.640 Um, so it's not in the book, but it was in an early draft of the manuscript where, you
00:16:11.380 know, I, uh, there, there are a couple of stories.
00:16:13.560 So, so one was, um, so my sister might watch this, but I'll tell it anyway.
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00:16:47.680 So my, my younger sister, my adoptive sister, uh, Hannah, who I write about in the book,
00:16:51.720 um, she was really picky eater.
00:16:54.720 And, you know, there, there was a period where, um, my, our adoptive mom was single for a while.
00:17:00.080 There was a divorce.
00:17:00.680 And so my adoptive mom raised us for a little while and my mom was working full time.
00:17:06.180 And, you know, so she'd work long hours, try to pay the bills.
00:17:09.460 She had other obligations.
00:17:10.440 Her attention and resources were spread very thin.
00:17:13.400 And so then, you know, she'd come home, she'd make dinner for us.
00:17:16.400 And my sister would, you know, she'd make some chicken and some rice and some,
00:17:20.520 you know, broccoli or something, or a salad, something healthy, nutritious.
00:17:24.020 And my sister would say, you know, I want chicken nuggets.
00:17:26.800 You know, I want pizza.
00:17:28.040 I want corn dogs, you know, kind of the, you know, junk food that American kids like to eat.
00:17:32.460 And, you know, sometimes my mom would give in because she was tired because she, you know,
00:17:37.200 understandably so.
00:17:38.180 Okay, here you go.
00:17:39.060 But then later, when my mom fell in love with a woman named Shelly, who I read about in the book,
00:17:45.600 they would give in less frequently because it's different when you have two parents present.
00:17:49.780 And suddenly, you can kind of negotiate, you can tag team, like, I'm frazzled, I'm tired,
00:17:54.320 can you handle this?
00:17:55.220 And then the other parent can kind of, you can sort of switch off that way.
00:17:58.060 And so when people talk about things like childhood obesity and how it's particularly
00:18:02.560 prevalent in low-income communities, I don't think people are thinking about that.
00:18:06.260 That when you have a single mom who's frazzled.
00:18:08.160 And the other thing is, like, this didn't exist when I was a kid, but the shocking difference
00:18:14.660 in terms of screen use.
00:18:16.460 So kids in the U.S. from families who earn $35,000 or less per year spend two hours more
00:18:21.500 per day on screens than kids from families who earn $100,000 or more per year.
00:18:25.300 So basically, poor kids spend two hours using screens more per day than kids from rich families.
00:18:30.220 And I think that's part of it, that if you're a lone parent, you don't have a lot of money,
00:18:33.560 you don't have a lot of income, and your kid is, you know, being disruptive, misbehaving,
00:18:38.360 you just give them an iPad and say, hey, chill out, here you go.
00:18:41.360 But if you have two parents, you're thinking, okay, interact with the kid.
00:18:43.960 Again, you can sort of trade off in that way.
00:18:46.480 Well, you've basically got more time between the two of you.
00:18:49.700 Twice as much.
00:18:50.480 Twice as much.
00:18:51.020 But I think it's even more than that.
00:18:52.480 I mean, even just having those little breaks can go a long way.
00:18:54.820 Yeah.
00:18:56.180 Yeah, where the whole is greater than the sum of the parts kind of thing.
00:18:58.780 Yeah.
00:18:58.960 The other story is that I left out of the book was, you know, there was a, when I was 13,
00:19:05.340 I had this friend, Christian, and he was raised by a single mom.
00:19:08.960 His dad was in prison.
00:19:11.100 And one day, him and his mom got in a fight.
00:19:14.780 They got in a huge yelling match in the middle of the night.
00:19:17.300 He was 13.
00:19:18.940 And, you know, she said something like, you know, if you don't want to live here,
00:19:21.480 get the hell out of here or something.
00:19:22.800 And he was, you know, he thought he was this tough 13-year-old kid.
00:19:25.040 So he's like, fine.
00:19:25.780 And he walks out of their apartment and then suddenly he realizes he has nowhere to go.
00:19:31.420 And, you know, he has a few friends.
00:19:33.720 And at that time, when we were 13, I was the only one who had two parents.
00:19:37.700 I had my mom and I had Shelly.
00:19:38.900 And we had our house.
00:19:39.920 And, you know, it was a small house, but we had two parents.
00:19:42.480 And of the five friends he could have called, he called me.
00:19:46.900 And he came over to our house.
00:19:48.880 And, you know, this is the middle of the night.
00:19:51.200 My mom and Shelly sit him down and ask what happened.
00:19:53.220 And they sort of speak with him and say, hey, you know, you can stay with us.
00:19:56.400 But we're going to have to call your mom.
00:19:57.700 She has a right to know where you are, that kind of thing.
00:19:59.400 And he stayed with us for about two weeks.
00:20:01.380 And, you know, at the time, I thought it was just cool that I had my friends staying over.
00:20:04.800 But in hindsight, I think that the reason he chose to stay with us rather than our other friends is because he felt safer.
00:20:11.000 When you have two adults present who trust one another and care about one another, kids can sense that and they feel safer.
00:20:17.920 And it creates a sort of space for kids to express themselves, to trust not just the adults, but the other kids around them.
00:20:26.860 And the whole sort of atmosphere changes when you have two adults present who have a strong bond with one another versus just the one by themselves, just one adult and a bunch of kids, just completely different.
00:20:37.600 And, yeah, he stayed with us and he felt better.
00:20:40.780 And so if you multiply that across like a neighborhood of two-parent families versus one-parent families, the whole vibe changes in that area, right?
00:20:49.160 And so I think that's something else that people don't really think about is it's not just the resources that the other parent brings, but it's the kind of intangible benefits of emotional trust and security in those things as well.
00:21:01.720 And, Rob, one of the things I love about your book is in addition to talking about your personal story, you weave it into culture and politics and the social fabric of what's going on.
00:21:11.060 And I think people will have a flavor now from what you've just talked about, about essentially some of the issues that you're highlighting that have become very difficult to talk about.
00:21:21.360 I mean, I remember I was recently on Question Time in this country and I was asked a question about knife crime.
00:21:27.480 And I talked about the fact that as long as we've got a skyrocketing divorce rate and lots of young men are growing up without dads, this is going to happen.
00:21:35.560 And the internet basically said, oh, he's a racist.
00:21:39.760 And I didn't mention anyone's race, but this is how we now think about it.
00:21:43.780 And, you know, it's so sad to me because you're not a parent yet.
00:21:48.440 No.
00:21:48.920 You aren't.
00:21:50.340 When my son was born, you get these visits from the health visitor to come and see it.
00:21:56.000 And, like, my wife and I, we don't have any family living nearby.
00:21:59.200 It was basically just me and her, which is really hard with a baby, especially the first time.
00:22:04.500 You have no idea what you're doing.
00:22:06.520 So we were kind of, like, basically surviving, coping.
00:22:11.280 We were still doing okay, but basically we felt like we were having a hard time of it.
00:22:15.840 And then this health visitor came around and she was there for, like, 10 minutes.
00:22:19.060 And she said, oh, it's amazing what you guys have because so few children have this nowadays.
00:22:24.080 And our subjective experience was that we were struggling, but her experience from the outside was, like, oh, this is rare now.
00:22:30.800 And I was like, I don't envy those other kids.
00:22:33.220 And so the thing that you're raising really is that we now live in a society where increasing number of children are effectively having a worse and worse and worse childhood experience because of the breakdown of the family.
00:22:47.260 Yeah. And the breakdown of the family is primarily in kind of lower income, kind of working class areas.
00:22:54.440 I mean, so we hear about these snapshot aggregate statistics.
00:22:57.680 And they roughly, you know, they're roughly the same in the U.S. and the U.K.
00:23:01.860 Something on the order of 40 to 45 percent of children in both countries are raised by unmarried parents.
00:23:09.060 But, you know, that's 40 to 45 percent.
00:23:13.400 But then, you know, it's funny.
00:23:14.100 Like, I speak with college educated people now and they're like 40 percent.
00:23:17.640 Like, I can't think of a single friend.
00:23:19.440 Or maybe they have one.
00:23:20.180 They have, like, the one token divorced friend or the one token.
00:23:22.340 Like the problem of one.
00:23:23.140 Yeah, yeah, yeah.
00:23:24.020 You know, so they have a group.
00:23:25.060 But then, and so that's their experience.
00:23:27.700 But, you know, these things are very strongly divided along class lines.
00:23:31.020 And so in the U.S., like where I grew up in California, it's everyone.
00:23:35.260 Like, it's not even, like, I can't even, no, no, no.
00:23:37.180 You know what?
00:23:37.420 I had one friend with married parents.
00:23:38.640 But even they had some, there was some infidelity and some issues there.
00:23:41.960 But that was like, so it's the reverse experience where you have a bunch of people raised in various kind of family configurations.
00:23:48.080 And then you have, like, the one token friend who has two parents.
00:23:52.060 And, yeah, so, you know, I cite some statistics in the book about how in 1960,
00:23:57.980 95% of children in the U.S. were raised by both of their birth parents.
00:24:01.780 And by 2005, it had dropped slightly for the upper class from 95% to 85%.
00:24:06.360 And for working class, children born and working class families, it dropped from 95% to 30% by 2005.
00:24:13.220 And my guess is today it's even more pronounced, sort of that gap, the magnitude of that gap.
00:24:18.600 And it's funny, you know, people who say that this is like a racist statement to point out, I mean, where I grew up.
00:24:24.760 So the foster homes I lived in, it was very sort of mixed race.
00:24:27.580 You know, you had Hispanic kids, you know, a couple Asian kids, black kids, white.
00:24:31.000 It was very sort of mixed.
00:24:33.140 But when I moved to Red Bluff, this town in Northern California, located in one of the poorest counties in the state,
00:24:40.000 it's a part of California no one even knows about.
00:24:42.040 It's just completely overlooked, kind of, you know, forgotten.
00:24:45.300 And it's majority white with a very strong kind of Hispanic population as well.
00:24:51.020 I mean, my high school was probably roughly like 60% white, 30-something percent Hispanic.
00:24:57.480 And then we had a handful of black and Asian kids.
00:24:59.760 But most of my friends were white and Hispanic.
00:25:02.160 And they were blue-collar, working class.
00:25:04.280 And their families look rough.
00:25:06.220 I mean, you know, I don't know if you could call someone racist for pointing this out,
00:25:09.400 that white, working-class families in the U.S. look very unstable.
00:25:14.800 And they continue to sort of deteriorate like this.
00:25:19.400 And, you know, it's funny.
00:25:20.540 Like, my...
00:25:22.100 So I learned a new piece of information since the last time I spoke to you guys.
00:25:26.060 So I knew that my mom, my birth mother, was Korean.
00:25:30.360 So I know it was Korean on her side.
00:25:31.500 She was from Seoul.
00:25:32.900 She came to the U.S.
00:25:33.740 And I grew up thinking, okay, I'm like mixed-race Asian.
00:25:38.520 I didn't really know anything about my dad.
00:25:41.460 Supposedly, I was named after him.
00:25:43.300 But that's the only information that I have.
00:25:45.400 So some forensic psychologist interviewed my mom.
00:25:47.540 And his name was Robert.
00:25:48.520 But she didn't know anything else about him.
00:25:53.480 And so I took a 23andMe genetic ancestry test last year
00:25:57.960 and discovered that I'm half Hispanic on my father's side.
00:26:01.920 And, you know, in hindsight, it's like, you know, I was born in L.A.
00:26:05.800 It's like, you know, it's okay.
00:26:07.120 I'm half Mexican.
00:26:08.060 Yeah.
00:26:08.320 Well, big surprise.
00:26:10.720 And so I didn't know this about myself.
00:26:13.320 But, you know, like, it's...
00:26:15.840 I just think, like, the whole preoccupation with race is misguided
00:26:20.400 because I went my whole life not really caring
00:26:22.260 or not really thinking that much about it.
00:26:24.720 And, you know, but people seem to think it matters now.
00:26:27.480 People will ask me about it.
00:26:28.700 And it's like, it's interesting, kind of the, like, racial consciousness
00:26:31.900 or preoccupation with race is actually higher in more educated environments.
00:26:35.720 Like, I didn't even think of myself as, like, a half Asian person
00:26:40.100 until I stepped foot on campus.
00:26:42.460 And then suddenly it's like, you know, people are, like, asking me
00:26:45.300 about my experiences.
00:26:46.840 And, like, this becomes...
00:26:47.720 But, you know, when you're in a poor environment,
00:26:49.860 like, the thing that matters most is that you don't have money.
00:26:51.740 Like, that's kind of the commonality.
00:26:53.260 It's like, you don't have enough money.
00:26:54.480 And that sort of bonds people together.
00:26:57.760 But, yeah, the line that I use now is, you know,
00:27:00.740 I didn't know I was half Hispanic.
00:27:02.160 I just thought I was Asian.
00:27:02.980 So I went to bed white adjacent
00:27:04.800 and then I woke up as an underrepresented minority.
00:27:08.280 But, you know, we joke about this.
00:27:10.660 And obviously it's funny.
00:27:11.920 But do you think sometimes our over-focus on race
00:27:15.820 is the fact that we've lost our roots?
00:27:19.460 We kind of don't know who we are anymore.
00:27:21.900 So we kind of attach or grasp at these certain things,
00:27:26.780 you know, like race, like gender.
00:27:28.760 But like you were saying yourself,
00:27:31.420 the race wasn't important.
00:27:32.760 What was important is where you grew up, your roots.
00:27:35.580 Those are actually what made you.
00:27:37.980 Yeah.
00:27:38.600 Yeah, I think that's...
00:27:40.140 Yeah, that we...
00:27:41.660 I think now we're kind of grasping for identity now.
00:27:44.820 That's an interesting point that if you're...
00:27:46.260 So most people who grow up in low-income communities
00:27:49.240 actually never leave.
00:27:50.420 And so it's like, this is my hometown.
00:27:52.080 These are my people.
00:27:52.920 This is my family.
00:27:54.200 And so they have that sense of connectedness.
00:27:56.460 But for a lot of people who go off to college,
00:27:59.480 you know, they go to another state or another city
00:28:01.540 and they feel maybe kind of unmoored from their roots
00:28:04.560 or they never really had them to begin with,
00:28:08.040 you're sort of floundering around
00:28:09.640 trying to find out who am I.
00:28:11.060 And, you know, unfortunately,
00:28:14.160 a lot of people get sort of obsessed with race.
00:28:16.980 And it's like sort of this reverse kind of...
00:28:19.880 We kind of went full circle back to racial consciousness.
00:28:22.180 But from like this stance of sympathy or something,
00:28:24.400 I just heard this story.
00:28:25.200 I don't remember which college this was in the U.S.
00:28:26.700 where...
00:28:27.840 This was a university, unsurprisingly.
00:28:29.720 And they were like, you know,
00:28:30.760 the white professors and students and academics,
00:28:33.280 there was something like, you know,
00:28:34.780 only white people can attend this meeting.
00:28:36.780 And the reasoning was something like,
00:28:40.200 because people of color had...
00:28:42.320 Can you swear?
00:28:43.240 Can you swear?
00:28:43.640 Yeah, yeah, absolutely.
00:28:44.360 Basically, like, people of color have had enough of our shit
00:28:47.060 and we don't need to subject them to us.
00:28:49.540 So we're just going to have a white people meeting.
00:28:51.120 And I'm like, do you guys realize what this sounds like?
00:28:53.260 That like, we're just going to have white people only at this meeting.
00:28:56.020 And it's like, they sort of like reverse rationalize themselves
00:28:59.820 into this position of like racial segregation again.
00:29:02.880 And it's just mind-blowing just how, like, narrow-minded
00:29:08.500 and just sort of...
00:29:11.300 I mean, I think, like, ultimately, this could be very dangerous,
00:29:13.660 this way of thinking in a multi-ethnic democracy
00:29:15.240 where suddenly we're talking about race
00:29:16.920 and how race is so salient and important.
00:29:18.780 But I think, yeah, the connectedness and roots
00:29:20.900 have something to do with it.
00:29:21.620 No, no, I totally agree with you.
00:29:23.040 And one of my favorite Thomas Sowell quotes
00:29:25.760 is when he talks about how I was...
00:29:27.840 You know, racism never worked.
00:29:29.620 And that's why I didn't support it.
00:29:31.340 And that's why I don't want to put it under new management.
00:29:34.680 You know what I mean?
00:29:35.580 And that's kind of what we're doing.
00:29:37.120 But, you know, interesting, just I wanted to come back a little bit
00:29:39.980 because one of the things you talked about
00:29:42.160 was the deterioration of working-class communities.
00:29:46.920 And I suppose the inevitable question is,
00:29:50.180 like, why is this happening?
00:29:52.980 Why it's been such a powerful drive
00:29:55.520 that has pulled, you know, families apart
00:29:58.080 or people have just got to a point where,
00:30:00.480 as you say, and particularly in poorer communities,
00:30:03.420 you're much less likely to be growing up
00:30:05.860 with a single parent raising you
00:30:08.060 than a more typical family.
00:30:11.700 Yeah, yeah.
00:30:12.300 And it's, yeah, it's a good question.
00:30:14.800 You know, I think that the kind of received wisdom
00:30:18.840 in the U.S.
00:30:20.880 and probably in Western countries overall is poverty,
00:30:24.140 that when you don't have money,
00:30:25.920 that it just becomes harder to find a partner
00:30:28.280 and form a stable marriage,
00:30:29.740 and there's just added stress.
00:30:31.760 And I think that's probably part of the story.
00:30:34.540 But again, you know,
00:30:36.320 to cite that earlier statistic,
00:30:37.700 in 1960, kids across the social classes,
00:30:41.320 95% of them were born to married parents.
00:30:44.220 Poor people existed in 1960,
00:30:45.740 and arguably they were poorer than they are now
00:30:48.340 because that was before the rise of,
00:30:52.420 like, the Great Society programs
00:30:53.920 and state benefits and all of these things.
00:30:56.980 You know, I read this article in The New Yorker
00:30:58.620 a couple of years ago,
00:30:59.680 and they, you know,
00:31:00.460 it was kind of this interesting excerpt,
00:31:01.880 especially in a publication like The New Yorker,
00:31:03.720 where they said, you know,
00:31:05.080 back decades ago, if you were poor,
00:31:07.480 it meant that you couldn't eat,
00:31:09.340 whereas now if you're poor,
00:31:10.400 it means you have access to state benefits
00:31:13.080 and food stamps.
00:31:14.260 And it's not, you know,
00:31:15.100 it's not fun to be on food stamps,
00:31:16.780 and it's not, you know,
00:31:17.500 that's not like your ideal way of life,
00:31:19.160 but it's better than not, you know,
00:31:20.340 going like days without food.
00:31:23.420 And so I don't think poverty is the whole story,
00:31:25.900 and especially if you visit other countries.
00:31:27.580 So I've spent some time in developing countries,
00:31:30.520 and I've seen that families don't look the same.
00:31:33.360 The other day, I was walking through an airport.
00:31:35.040 This guy from Kenya recognized me,
00:31:36.820 and he was like, yeah,
00:31:37.980 I agree with you that it's not just poverty,
00:31:39.460 because when I go home to Kenya,
00:31:41.440 like, our families are, like, we're poor,
00:31:43.320 but, like, the families are intact,
00:31:44.740 and people, like, know their neighbors,
00:31:46.660 and, you know, they,
00:31:47.620 so I think that culture has a big
00:31:51.720 and important role to play here,
00:31:53.460 that, you know, decades ago,
00:31:55.400 I'm thinking about, like,
00:31:56.300 my adoptive grandparents,
00:31:58.880 that generation.
00:31:59.900 So my grandfather,
00:32:01.340 he dropped out of school
00:32:02.360 when he was in eighth grade,
00:32:03.780 and, you know,
00:32:05.400 he and my grandmother got married
00:32:06.600 when they were very young
00:32:07.440 and very poor,
00:32:08.900 and they lived, you know,
00:32:09.940 through the sort of
00:32:10.640 back end of the Great Depression,
00:32:12.020 and they had kids,
00:32:13.480 and, you know,
00:32:14.160 despite the material poverty,
00:32:15.400 there was still this sort of culture,
00:32:16.980 this norm around them
00:32:17.840 to stay together,
00:32:18.880 you know,
00:32:19.020 take care of your kids,
00:32:19.820 take care of your family,
00:32:20.740 and then, you know,
00:32:22.360 as the generations kind of wore on,
00:32:24.360 it's like, you know,
00:32:24.880 their kids,
00:32:26.040 you know,
00:32:26.720 my sort of,
00:32:27.540 my adoptive mom
00:32:28.740 and aunts and uncles
00:32:29.700 in that generation,
00:32:31.520 all of them got married
00:32:32.340 and all of them have kids,
00:32:33.280 and then all of them got divorced,
00:32:34.540 and this is kind of
00:32:35.080 working class life, right?
00:32:36.680 And now they have kids,
00:32:37.800 like my generation,
00:32:38.880 my cousins,
00:32:39.860 and they have kids
00:32:41.040 and they've never been married.
00:32:42.500 And so it's like,
00:32:43.600 you can sort of see
00:32:44.580 the cultural shifts over time
00:32:46.840 where marriage gradually
00:32:48.300 becomes less important.
00:32:49.280 People are still kind of having kids,
00:32:50.500 but just out of wedlock.
00:32:52.040 And so that's,
00:32:53.460 I think that's part
00:32:54.180 of what's going on here
00:32:55.040 is that marriage
00:32:56.120 and commitment
00:32:56.800 and long-term bonds,
00:32:59.940 it's just not as pronounced anymore.
00:33:03.260 I mean, it's interesting.
00:33:03.820 If you look at the statistics over time,
00:33:06.060 starting in the early 1960s,
00:33:07.660 across classes,
00:33:10.080 divorce rates
00:33:11.660 and single parenthood
00:33:12.500 actually spiked
00:33:13.300 across the socioeconomic ladder.
00:33:15.720 So, you know,
00:33:16.560 rich people,
00:33:17.180 upper-middle-class people,
00:33:18.020 they actually got divorced
00:33:19.320 and started having kids
00:33:20.140 out of wedlock
00:33:20.800 starting in the late 60s
00:33:22.560 throughout the 70s.
00:33:23.960 And by the 1980s, though,
00:33:25.440 they had kind of reverted back
00:33:26.660 to their original figure
00:33:29.720 of, you know,
00:33:30.900 basically getting married
00:33:31.720 and having kids
00:33:32.420 in stable, committed relationships.
00:33:34.500 Whereas for sort of
00:33:35.680 lower-class,
00:33:36.260 working-class communities,
00:33:37.120 they sort of followed.
00:33:38.280 You know,
00:33:38.420 they marched in lockstep
00:33:39.280 with the upper class.
00:33:40.100 They started to get divorced.
00:33:41.660 They started having kids
00:33:42.340 out of wedlock.
00:33:42.900 That was kind of the norm.
00:33:43.820 That was kind of this
00:33:44.440 cool, chic thing to do.
00:33:47.880 And,
00:33:48.360 but by the 1980s,
00:33:50.340 they had never reverted.
00:33:52.220 They just sort of
00:33:52.840 continued to deteriorate
00:33:53.980 and got worse and worse
00:33:54.880 and never recovered.
00:33:55.980 So, you know,
00:33:56.660 the kind of stylized story,
00:33:57.940 I think,
00:33:58.320 is that for educated
00:34:00.140 and affluent people,
00:34:01.040 they kind of experimented a bit
00:34:02.960 and said,
00:34:03.380 well, actually,
00:34:03.760 let's, you know,
00:34:04.220 this might be fun
00:34:05.140 to, like, experiment
00:34:05.840 and have different families
00:34:06.720 and have kids out of wedlock
00:34:07.720 and so on
00:34:08.240 or maybe get divorced.
00:34:10.080 And then they kind of
00:34:11.620 came to their senses
00:34:12.340 and thought,
00:34:12.960 actually,
00:34:13.440 this isn't so good
00:34:14.260 for the kids.
00:34:14.780 It's not so good
00:34:15.240 for the family.
00:34:15.820 Maybe it's not as fun
00:34:16.680 for me as I thought
00:34:17.320 it would be.
00:34:18.180 And they sort of
00:34:18.960 returned back to those norms,
00:34:20.060 whereas for the lower classes,
00:34:21.000 they just kind of fell apart
00:34:22.580 and never came back
00:34:23.400 together again.
00:34:24.120 And do you think this is caused
00:34:25.540 by the sexual revolution?
00:34:26.840 We've obviously had people
00:34:27.940 like Louise Perrion
00:34:28.900 to talk about this
00:34:29.940 and not to oversimplify
00:34:31.940 her argument
00:34:32.560 because she's a very intelligent,
00:34:34.080 sophisticated thinker,
00:34:35.060 but effectively,
00:34:36.400 once you have the pill
00:34:38.260 and people can have sex
00:34:41.200 without necessarily
00:34:42.600 the consequences,
00:34:43.940 then you start
00:34:45.620 to develop abortion,
00:34:47.420 which is a method
00:34:48.240 of managing that.
00:34:50.320 And you actually start
00:34:51.180 to see way more abortions
00:34:52.360 as a result.
00:34:54.060 And basically,
00:34:55.360 once you take,
00:34:56.480 you separate sex
00:34:57.800 from its consequences,
00:34:59.380 actually,
00:35:00.260 what you then end up
00:35:01.240 is a lack of commitment,
00:35:02.700 lack of stability,
00:35:03.760 and that changes the culture.
00:35:06.300 Do you think that's it?
00:35:08.360 There will be other people
00:35:09.880 like the Thomas Sowles,
00:35:11.000 by the way,
00:35:11.420 who will say,
00:35:12.020 well,
00:35:12.220 it was about the government.
00:35:13.080 The government came in
00:35:14.000 and started incentivizing
00:35:15.760 single parenthood
00:35:16.580 by giving money
00:35:17.380 to single women
00:35:18.160 if they had kids
00:35:18.980 and no man in the house.
00:35:19.900 And on and on it goes.
00:35:22.580 There are different arguments.
00:35:23.680 What do you think
00:35:24.380 really caused
00:35:25.340 this cultural shift
00:35:26.280 that you're talking about?
00:35:27.280 I mean,
00:35:27.520 I think all of those things
00:35:28.420 are kind of intertwined.
00:35:30.420 I do think that the culture
00:35:31.960 shifted before
00:35:33.860 the policies did.
00:35:36.200 I mean,
00:35:36.360 if you sort of look at
00:35:37.560 when the Great Society programs
00:35:39.240 were introduced,
00:35:40.100 I mean,
00:35:40.480 it was all kind of,
00:35:41.260 so the birth control pill
00:35:42.420 was introduced in 1960,
00:35:44.000 but the sort of forces
00:35:46.560 and the raw ingredients
00:35:47.780 of the sexual revolution
00:35:49.240 were kind of already in place
00:35:50.620 where there was sort of
00:35:52.940 this wellspring of support
00:35:55.120 for sexual freedom
00:35:58.020 on college campuses
00:35:59.640 and sort of elite institutions
00:36:02.480 and communities
00:36:03.020 more so among young people,
00:36:04.820 but kind of across the board.
00:36:06.860 And then I think
00:36:07.600 that in turn
00:36:08.140 helps to fuel
00:36:08.860 the policy changes
00:36:09.880 and to support
00:36:10.800 sort of more access
00:36:12.140 to birth control
00:36:12.860 and all those kinds of things.
00:36:13.840 And so,
00:36:15.080 I mean,
00:36:15.360 I think interestingly
00:36:16.160 kind of reproductive technology
00:36:18.580 may have backfired.
00:36:19.840 You know,
00:36:20.200 there was a really interesting report
00:36:21.800 from Brookings
00:36:23.580 in the 1990s
00:36:24.520 that talked about
00:36:25.180 kind of the decline
00:36:26.920 in marriage rates
00:36:28.200 and shotgun marriage rates
00:36:29.280 in particular
00:36:29.900 about how in the past,
00:36:31.660 you know,
00:36:33.340 when a man got a woman pregnant,
00:36:35.260 there were all of these
00:36:36.100 sort of cultural forces
00:36:37.040 in place that said
00:36:37.760 you have to marry her,
00:36:38.540 you have to take care of her,
00:36:39.560 you know,
00:36:39.720 and so on.
00:36:41.000 And then with the introduction
00:36:42.140 of the pill
00:36:43.080 and abortion and so on,
00:36:44.560 then it became,
00:36:47.120 like the norm shifted
00:36:47.980 because suddenly
00:36:48.680 the burden was on the woman.
00:36:50.380 You know,
00:36:50.580 no one forced you
00:36:51.360 to get pregnant.
00:36:52.340 No one's forcing you
00:36:53.200 to carry the child to term.
00:36:54.540 The man felt like
00:36:55.220 he was kind of exonerated.
00:36:56.300 He's off the hook.
00:36:57.420 The entire community
00:36:58.560 kind of became aware
00:36:59.420 that, yeah,
00:36:59.840 she's pregnant,
00:37:00.680 but, you know,
00:37:01.200 do you really have to force him
00:37:02.020 to marry her
00:37:02.600 because she has all these options
00:37:03.900 for what to do next?
00:37:05.080 And so everything changed
00:37:06.620 after that,
00:37:07.160 whereas before
00:37:07.600 there was a lot of
00:37:08.180 sort of burden
00:37:08.560 and responsibility
00:37:09.120 placed on a man
00:37:09.840 who got a woman pregnant.
00:37:11.240 And I also think
00:37:11.840 it's interesting that,
00:37:12.720 you know,
00:37:12.860 just as a thought experiment,
00:37:13.860 if you were to travel
00:37:16.940 back to 1945, say,
00:37:20.080 and you were to ask people,
00:37:23.660 you know,
00:37:23.880 in the future,
00:37:24.580 there's going to be
00:37:25.420 this pill you can take
00:37:26.520 and women won't get pregnant.
00:37:27.800 And then even if they do,
00:37:29.400 abortions will be,
00:37:30.880 you know,
00:37:31.160 more or less accessible.
00:37:32.300 I know that,
00:37:32.680 you know,
00:37:32.840 recent changes and so forth,
00:37:34.240 but far more accessible
00:37:35.040 than in 1945
00:37:35.820 to get an abortion.
00:37:37.800 But then you ask these people,
00:37:38.820 do you think that there will be
00:37:40.760 more children born out of wedlock
00:37:42.600 or fewer?
00:37:43.780 Do you think that there will be
00:37:44.720 more children in foster homes
00:37:46.880 and orphanages
00:37:47.440 and institutions or fewer?
00:37:49.280 You know,
00:37:49.380 do you think that there will be
00:37:50.280 sort of more divorces
00:37:51.360 and fewer and so on and so forth?
00:37:52.780 I think most people would say like,
00:37:55.300 oh,
00:37:55.760 like,
00:37:56.420 yeah,
00:37:56.540 that's,
00:37:56.820 that sounds like utopia.
00:37:57.740 Like,
00:37:58.160 you know,
00:37:58.400 no,
00:37:58.720 no parents ever going to have a kid
00:37:59.840 unless they don't want to
00:38:00.860 or if they do or whatever.
00:38:01.860 And,
00:38:02.280 you know,
00:38:03.220 you're not going to have kids
00:38:04.200 sort of flooding
00:38:04.980 these institutions anymore.
00:38:06.720 And actually,
00:38:08.420 yeah,
00:38:08.700 foster children,
00:38:10.180 orphanage,
00:38:10.560 all these things
00:38:11.100 have actually sort of
00:38:12.080 worsened over time.
00:38:13.900 Interestingly,
00:38:14.220 I just saw this statistic
00:38:15.000 the other day
00:38:15.480 that since 2000,
00:38:17.260 the number of kids
00:38:17.840 who've entered foster care
00:38:18.660 in the U.S.
00:38:19.000 has doubled.
00:38:19.860 And this is largely due
00:38:21.000 to drug use and addiction
00:38:22.100 and some of this due
00:38:23.340 to the opioid crisis
00:38:24.160 as well,
00:38:25.180 that more kids
00:38:25.740 are being neglected
00:38:26.460 or abused at home
00:38:27.300 and so then they get
00:38:27.920 placed into care.
00:38:28.740 And so,
00:38:30.040 you know,
00:38:31.380 I think what's going on here,
00:38:32.920 and this is just speculation,
00:38:34.320 I don't know of any research
00:38:36.420 on this question,
00:38:37.400 but it's something like,
00:38:38.820 you know,
00:38:40.100 a lot of people,
00:38:41.500 especially people who,
00:38:42.720 you know,
00:38:42.880 don't have much in the way
00:38:43.580 of resources or education,
00:38:45.720 they have a lot of sex
00:38:49.620 with different people.
00:38:50.600 They have a lot of hookups
00:38:51.400 and they may sort of start out
00:38:53.120 with the best of intentions
00:38:54.000 of, you know,
00:38:54.540 take the birth control,
00:38:55.500 you know,
00:38:55.680 then abortion,
00:38:56.740 all these things.
00:38:57.600 And then there's a pregnancy
00:38:58.900 that occurs
00:38:59.500 and then what ends up happening
00:39:00.800 is that the child
00:39:01.580 is just born anyway
00:39:02.460 and born to unmarried parents
00:39:04.780 and that's,
00:39:06.480 I think that's a lot
00:39:07.460 of what happens here
00:39:08.460 is that it's not as simple
00:39:09.680 as, you know,
00:39:10.440 someone gets pregnant
00:39:11.140 and then immediately
00:39:11.700 they can find a way
00:39:12.500 to bypass that.
00:39:15.360 There's another point here
00:39:17.320 and I think there's
00:39:18.020 something to this.
00:39:19.420 So, you know,
00:39:20.220 in the book I write
00:39:20.740 about how my mom's partner,
00:39:22.700 Shelly,
00:39:22.920 had three teenage daughters
00:39:24.520 and they all had kids
00:39:25.680 by the time
00:39:26.480 they were 16 years old
00:39:27.380 and none of them were,
00:39:29.900 I mean,
00:39:30.200 they weren't even
00:39:30.980 in a relationship
00:39:31.680 with the child's father,
00:39:32.600 let alone married.
00:39:34.480 But, you know,
00:39:35.840 observing them,
00:39:37.660 you know,
00:39:38.060 in hindsight,
00:39:38.520 I was reading the book,
00:39:39.220 I thought about this,
00:39:40.420 this book I'd read
00:39:42.280 called Promises I Can Keep
00:39:43.360 by these two
00:39:44.060 Princeton sociologists.
00:39:46.900 And in this book,
00:39:47.960 these two sociologists
00:39:48.980 sort of describe
00:39:49.660 their interactions
00:39:50.400 and interviews
00:39:51.060 with single mothers
00:39:53.620 across the U.S.
00:39:54.480 in different communities,
00:39:55.320 white mothers,
00:39:56.160 Hispanic mothers,
00:39:56.880 black mothers.
00:39:57.820 And one sort of
00:39:59.060 common feature
00:39:59.680 that these sociologists
00:40:00.800 point out
00:40:01.280 is that these women,
00:40:02.900 you know,
00:40:04.040 they had really hard lives.
00:40:05.360 Maybe they were raised
00:40:06.020 by a single mom themselves,
00:40:07.140 they grew up poor,
00:40:07.960 they'd been kind of jilted
00:40:09.420 and mistreated
00:40:09.960 by the men in their lives,
00:40:11.040 and then they have a kid
00:40:12.100 and that's like
00:40:13.060 the one person in the world
00:40:14.100 who they can love
00:40:14.980 without reservation
00:40:15.720 and who they know
00:40:16.360 will love them back.
00:40:18.020 And so I thought about this
00:40:19.140 when I was growing up
00:40:20.180 with these teenage moms
00:40:21.660 and I saw a lot of that,
00:40:22.840 that they were sort of
00:40:24.260 mistreated by these guys
00:40:25.300 who they slept with
00:40:26.720 and they didn't have a lot
00:40:27.340 of guidance in their lives
00:40:28.340 and just a lot
00:40:29.360 of negative experiences,
00:40:30.520 but now they have a baby.
00:40:31.860 And I remember like
00:40:32.940 they were close
00:40:33.480 and they love these kids
00:40:34.320 and so on
00:40:34.740 and they're probably
00:40:35.320 a bit too permissive
00:40:36.220 and bordering on neglect
00:40:37.940 in some cases,
00:40:38.740 but it was like
00:40:40.160 I could see that
00:40:41.980 they were different
00:40:42.520 with the baby
00:40:43.060 than they were
00:40:43.500 with a lot of other people
00:40:44.380 in their lives.
00:40:45.520 And I think that's,
00:40:46.800 you know,
00:40:46.900 there are all of these
00:40:47.460 kind of non-material,
00:40:50.460 sort of non-economic reasons
00:40:51.940 for a lot of this.
00:40:52.620 A lot of it's just
00:40:53.100 sort of psychology,
00:40:54.180 behavior, emotions,
00:40:55.180 all of those things
00:40:56.040 can I think help to explain
00:40:57.200 like why it is that,
00:40:59.580 you know,
00:40:59.780 what other options
00:41:00.400 do you have for fulfillment too
00:41:01.680 other than being a mother,
00:41:03.360 even if it's not
00:41:04.480 in ideal circumstances,
00:41:05.540 whereas if you are educated
00:41:07.100 and affluent,
00:41:07.740 there's so many options
00:41:08.520 ahead of you
00:41:08.960 for how you can live your life
00:41:09.960 and then you can have a family
00:41:10.820 as a kind of capstone
00:41:11.820 to a successful career
00:41:13.340 and it doesn't quite look like that
00:41:14.980 in lower income communities too.
00:41:16.980 So in the absence of norms,
00:41:17.920 you just see these changes.
00:41:19.380 I think it's a really profound point
00:41:21.100 because I remember
00:41:21.660 when I was teaching
00:41:22.400 in those types of communities
00:41:23.680 in East London
00:41:24.680 and Cornwall
00:41:25.260 and other places,
00:41:26.560 one thing that I noticed,
00:41:28.260 particularly actually
00:41:29.000 with the white kids,
00:41:29.720 it may have been different
00:41:30.480 when you,
00:41:31.140 where you grew up
00:41:31.860 because white working class boys
00:41:33.880 are the lowest achieving
00:41:34.740 subgroup in education,
00:41:36.180 is there was a sense
00:41:38.420 of hopelessness.
00:41:40.160 They felt you just,
00:41:41.940 it was palpable
00:41:42.680 with these kids.
00:41:43.760 They came from generation
00:41:45.380 after generation
00:41:46.520 of people
00:41:47.140 who had just given up.
00:41:48.580 So I used to work
00:41:49.860 in a school with,
00:41:50.860 there was a lot
00:41:51.400 of immigrant kids there
00:41:53.200 and the difference
00:41:54.660 in attitude
00:41:55.340 between those kids
00:41:56.580 whose parents
00:41:57.080 had come from Nigeria
00:41:58.140 who were living
00:41:58.780 in the same area
00:42:00.740 and, you know,
00:42:01.260 had the same
00:42:01.860 educational experiences,
00:42:03.660 their attitude,
00:42:05.060 their behaviour,
00:42:06.360 their ambitions,
00:42:08.380 completely different.
00:42:09.220 You would look
00:42:09.620 at these kids
00:42:10.120 and know that
00:42:10.800 they would go on
00:42:11.600 to have a career
00:42:13.180 and they would go on
00:42:13.920 to achieve
00:42:14.400 and, you know,
00:42:15.500 have the best possible
00:42:16.460 life for themselves.
00:42:17.980 But you look
00:42:18.700 at these other kids
00:42:19.560 who'd been in that
00:42:20.320 community for generations
00:42:21.620 and they were lost
00:42:23.440 and it was heartbreaking.
00:42:25.160 Yeah.
00:42:25.600 Yeah, I think that
00:42:26.400 kind of hopelessness
00:42:27.920 is pervasive
00:42:29.300 when you,
00:42:30.760 I mean,
00:42:31.080 you know,
00:42:31.540 when you're
00:42:32.000 in an environment too
00:42:33.220 where people around you
00:42:35.000 aren't very ambitious,
00:42:36.400 where it's just,
00:42:37.500 you know,
00:42:38.940 no one's really thinking
00:42:39.920 about the future too.
00:42:41.340 No one's really thinking
00:42:42.000 that far ahead.
00:42:42.740 I mean,
00:42:42.960 the kind of outlook
00:42:45.320 that I can remember having
00:42:46.320 when I was a teenager,
00:42:47.200 it was kind of like two lenses.
00:42:51.060 One was the immediate present
00:42:53.860 slash like,
00:42:54.760 you know,
00:42:55.160 immediate future.
00:42:56.220 It was like this weekend,
00:42:57.100 basically.
00:42:57.760 And it was like,
00:42:58.740 you know,
00:42:59.520 how are we going to get beer
00:43:00.480 and get fucked up
00:43:01.520 this weekend kind of thing.
00:43:03.400 And then it was like
00:43:04.380 distant,
00:43:04.760 distant future.
00:43:05.460 It was like immediate future
00:43:06.360 and then distant future
00:43:07.280 of like someday
00:43:07.940 I'm going to have a house
00:43:09.740 and a nice car
00:43:10.660 and whatever,
00:43:11.720 an indoor gym
00:43:12.500 and all,
00:43:12.880 you know,
00:43:13.040 all the kind of things
00:43:13.780 that young boys want.
00:43:15.280 But then there was no,
00:43:16.560 no sort of mental image,
00:43:20.460 no way to envision
00:43:21.460 like the bridge
00:43:22.880 between this,
00:43:24.280 you know,
00:43:24.480 now and the weekend
00:43:25.320 and getting drunk
00:43:26.160 and then that future
00:43:27.940 in 20 years
00:43:28.660 of like me living
00:43:29.320 in a nice house
00:43:29.940 with a nice car.
00:43:30.680 Like,
00:43:30.860 how do I get there?
00:43:31.740 It's not going to be spending
00:43:32.680 every weekend
00:43:33.680 just drinking and having fun.
00:43:35.600 But I wasn't connecting
00:43:36.600 those dots.
00:43:37.100 I wasn't thinking in that way.
00:43:38.460 But that is a common way
00:43:39.540 of thinking of just like,
00:43:40.980 you know,
00:43:41.300 as far as it went,
00:43:42.580 I could think of,
00:43:43.240 so I had two jobs
00:43:44.600 in high school.
00:43:45.840 One,
00:43:46.200 I was a dishwasher
00:43:46.860 at a restaurant
00:43:48.220 and then the other,
00:43:48.820 I was a bag boy
00:43:49.420 at a grocery store.
00:43:51.040 And,
00:43:51.440 you know,
00:43:51.780 in these environments,
00:43:53.080 I had like a lot of coworkers
00:43:54.420 and like they would play
00:43:55.440 the lottery
00:43:55.840 and that was kind of
00:43:56.960 like their way
00:43:57.460 to like fantasize
00:43:58.240 about getting rich
00:43:58.880 in the future.
00:44:01.320 And,
00:44:01.840 but yeah,
00:44:02.180 I never,
00:44:02.580 never really sort of
00:44:03.220 interacted with people
00:44:03.880 who were like,
00:44:04.440 well,
00:44:04.700 you know,
00:44:04.900 I'm going to night school,
00:44:05.780 I'm doing this,
00:44:06.280 I'm doing that,
00:44:06.720 I'm trying to improve myself.
00:44:08.160 Very few of those kinds
00:44:09.580 of people.
00:44:11.280 Part of it,
00:44:11.760 I think too is,
00:44:12.660 I think there is a little bit
00:44:13.760 of the phenomenon
00:44:14.440 of,
00:44:14.880 you know,
00:44:15.860 what some people call
00:44:16.480 like brain drain
00:44:17.200 of,
00:44:18.980 and I talk a bit about this
00:44:19.920 in the book too,
00:44:20.640 I criticize this idea
00:44:21.860 of what I call
00:44:23.020 trickle down meritocracy
00:44:24.200 or trickle down diversity
00:44:25.300 of this idea that,
00:44:27.320 you know,
00:44:27.480 somehow if you can get people
00:44:28.840 at the very top
00:44:29.720 to accurately reflect
00:44:31.520 the demographics
00:44:32.080 of the society as a whole,
00:44:33.380 that somehow
00:44:33.720 we've achieved equity.
00:44:35.420 And so it's like,
00:44:36.060 you know,
00:44:36.220 as long as the top,
00:44:37.300 as long as the ruling class
00:44:38.360 is,
00:44:38.620 you know,
00:44:38.980 50% women
00:44:39.760 and X% LGBT
00:44:40.940 and X% Asian,
00:44:42.420 Hispanic and whatever,
00:44:43.800 that somehow
00:44:44.320 we've achieved the goals
00:44:45.740 of social justice.
00:44:47.560 Whereas I'm thinking,
00:44:48.520 okay,
00:44:48.920 well,
00:44:49.260 even if,
00:44:50.040 you know,
00:44:50.260 the seats at Harvard
00:44:51.300 or Yale
00:44:51.820 match the demographics
00:44:53.140 of the country as a whole,
00:44:54.360 what does that mean
00:44:55.260 for the people
00:44:55.720 who are actually
00:44:56.260 at the bottom,
00:44:57.040 who are actually,
00:44:58.020 like,
00:44:58.280 how do those benefits
00:44:59.480 trickle down
00:45:00.320 to the rest of society
00:45:01.720 into these poor communities,
00:45:03.500 low-income communities?
00:45:05.180 And so what happens is
00:45:06.660 I think a lot of these
00:45:07.500 elite institutions
00:45:08.400 kind of strip mine
00:45:09.520 talented people
00:45:10.700 out of these communities
00:45:11.640 and they never go back.
00:45:13.660 So like,
00:45:14.200 you know,
00:45:14.360 I'll just be honest,
00:45:14.880 I'm never going to go back
00:45:15.540 to Red Bluff.
00:45:16.120 I'll visit,
00:45:16.640 but I'm not going to live there.
00:45:18.020 And I noticed this
00:45:19.100 when I think about it,
00:45:20.260 and this is happening
00:45:20.760 across the country.
00:45:21.500 I think it's happening
00:45:21.980 around the world now
00:45:22.700 with ease of geographic mobility
00:45:23.980 is,
00:45:25.400 you know,
00:45:25.800 where I came from,
00:45:26.960 if you had,
00:45:27.640 if you were smart
00:45:28.300 and you had ambition,
00:45:29.060 you went off to college,
00:45:30.340 maybe local state school.
00:45:31.820 And if you,
00:45:32.860 you know,
00:45:33.100 maybe weren't so academically
00:45:34.060 inclined,
00:45:34.580 but you still had some ambition
00:45:35.640 like I did,
00:45:36.420 you go and join the military
00:45:37.560 and then you don't,
00:45:39.460 you know,
00:45:39.600 usually don't go back.
00:45:40.980 And so I think
00:45:41.440 that's happening too,
00:45:42.260 where,
00:45:42.500 you know,
00:45:42.700 a lot of the hopelessness
00:45:43.600 is like a lot of the people
00:45:44.700 who,
00:45:45.240 who are going places
00:45:46.960 and who do have ambition,
00:45:47.960 they just like get out of there
00:45:49.140 as soon as they can.
00:45:49.980 And so more and more
00:45:50.860 you sort of look around
00:45:51.560 and you don't see
00:45:52.120 a lot of good examples.
00:45:53.660 The other thing is,
00:45:54.400 I think you also have
00:45:55.140 a lot of negative examples too,
00:45:56.900 is,
00:45:57.960 you know,
00:45:58.300 when you have people
00:45:59.360 who are criminally inclined
00:46:00.920 and unlawful
00:46:01.700 and they're kind of sticking around.
00:46:03.120 And when you're 15,
00:46:04.460 16,
00:46:04.800 17 years old
00:46:05.420 and you're seeing people
00:46:06.200 do drugs
00:46:06.720 or steal cars
00:46:07.400 or whatever,
00:46:07.740 it's kind of fun.
00:46:08.420 It's kind of exciting.
00:46:09.480 And our culture does very little
00:46:10.880 to combat
00:46:11.600 the kind of romanticism
00:46:13.300 of criminality.
00:46:14.820 And so,
00:46:15.820 you know,
00:46:16.120 it's like easy
00:46:16.680 to sort of get sucked into that
00:46:18.100 and then to sort of
00:46:19.520 fall into these
00:46:20.320 negative behavioral patterns
00:46:21.520 and then never get out.
00:46:23.340 Some people have asked me
00:46:24.120 how I,
00:46:25.320 you know,
00:46:25.480 why was my life different?
00:46:26.800 You know,
00:46:26.900 we talked about
00:46:27.440 the academic stuff.
00:46:29.260 I think part of it
00:46:30.100 was just I got out of there
00:46:30.920 as soon as I could.
00:46:31.520 I was 17.
00:46:32.260 As soon as I graduated
00:46:33.080 high school,
00:46:33.520 I left for basic training
00:46:35.080 in the Air Force
00:46:36.080 and I never went back
00:46:37.540 whereas all of my friends stayed
00:46:38.580 and I could easily imagine
00:46:39.660 my life spiraling out of control
00:46:41.820 if I had stayed in Red Bluff.
00:46:43.500 Like when I was 17,
00:46:44.680 I was drinking
00:46:45.340 and driving a lot.
00:46:46.180 Like if nothing else,
00:46:46.840 that could have destroyed my life
00:46:48.380 was just how frequently
00:46:49.380 I would just like get drunk,
00:46:51.280 blackout drunk
00:46:51.800 and go racing down the highway
00:46:52.940 with my friends or something.
00:46:54.300 That was like a common,
00:46:55.100 common behavior.
00:46:55.660 And so,
00:46:57.160 you know,
00:46:57.400 I think like that,
00:46:59.360 those kind of examples too
00:47:00.620 around you,
00:47:01.140 the sort of absence of positive
00:47:02.300 and then the pervasiveness
00:47:03.180 of the negative contributes.
00:47:04.780 It's such a,
00:47:05.500 it's such a great point
00:47:06.380 because when you talk to kids
00:47:07.820 from this particular area,
00:47:09.100 if they don't have parents,
00:47:11.160 dads who are in medicine
00:47:12.480 or in finance
00:47:13.860 or in insurance
00:47:14.620 or whatever it may be,
00:47:16.100 then how are they going to know
00:47:17.660 to do those particular careers?
00:47:20.460 And the only careers
00:47:21.680 that they can see
00:47:22.420 being viable to them is,
00:47:24.420 oh,
00:47:24.520 someone became an athlete
00:47:25.700 or someone became a soccer player
00:47:27.380 or whatever it was
00:47:28.400 because those were the only people
00:47:30.960 who came from that community
00:47:32.200 and then to make it
00:47:33.440 and are visible.
00:47:34.740 Yeah.
00:47:35.160 Yeah.
00:47:35.560 I think that's right
00:47:36.140 that it's,
00:47:36.680 it goes for careers of course
00:47:38.440 that,
00:47:39.480 you know,
00:47:39.700 what's immediately around you,
00:47:41.300 those are the possibilities you have.
00:47:43.420 I mean,
00:47:43.640 it's funny,
00:47:43.960 like I've written about my,
00:47:45.640 like one reason I think
00:47:46.820 in addition to getting out of there
00:47:47.960 as soon as I could
00:47:48.600 was like why I went off to college
00:47:50.840 was because
00:47:51.440 I watched a lot of TV
00:47:52.720 when I was a kid
00:47:53.500 and a lot of the characters
00:47:54.920 I would see
00:47:55.620 and the shows I would watch,
00:47:56.720 they kind of romanticized
00:47:58.360 and glorified the college experience.
00:48:00.720 You know,
00:48:00.820 like I watched Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
00:48:02.020 and I think it was season three
00:48:03.780 where there's,
00:48:04.820 you know,
00:48:04.960 just plot line after plot line
00:48:06.560 of Will and Carlton,
00:48:07.860 you know,
00:48:08.260 how to apply to college,
00:48:09.800 you know,
00:48:09.960 which college are you going to,
00:48:11.120 that kind of thing.
00:48:11.600 And I'm watching this
00:48:12.260 and I'm like,
00:48:12.660 man,
00:48:12.960 college is so important
00:48:14.500 for these people.
00:48:15.880 And so it planted in my mind
00:48:16.940 that college was something
00:48:17.760 to aspire to.
00:48:18.680 Even if I didn't do it
00:48:19.460 right after high school,
00:48:20.220 it did sort of introduce the idea
00:48:22.520 even,
00:48:23.040 but no one around me
00:48:23.920 was going to college.
00:48:24.940 And I think that may have been
00:48:25.920 why I didn't go immediately.
00:48:27.340 But I think in addition
00:48:28.280 to the career piece,
00:48:29.480 it's also true for the family piece.
00:48:31.600 And this is something
00:48:32.040 I think a lot of people
00:48:32.780 don't think about is,
00:48:33.800 you know,
00:48:36.120 yes,
00:48:36.760 like kids will be less likely
00:48:38.000 to get into lucrative careers
00:48:40.780 if the adults around them
00:48:42.100 aren't doing those kinds of things.
00:48:43.740 But I also think kids
00:48:44.520 are less likely
00:48:45.100 to form families
00:48:46.220 and form committed relationships
00:48:48.500 if they don't see adults
00:48:49.640 around them doing that.
00:48:52.400 And so,
00:48:53.780 you know,
00:48:53.940 you could imagine
00:48:54.700 like a young kid
00:48:57.500 in an upper middle class neighborhood.
00:49:00.140 We'll say he,
00:49:01.380 you know,
00:49:02.080 he has two married parents,
00:49:04.380 all of his friends,
00:49:05.320 two married parents.
00:49:06.420 You know,
00:49:06.560 that's kind of the norm
00:49:07.320 in that area
00:49:08.080 where he lives.
00:49:10.320 And then,
00:49:11.940 okay,
00:49:12.060 so he turns on the TV
00:49:12.960 or he opens up TikTok
00:49:13.880 or a magazine
00:49:14.840 or,
00:49:15.520 you know,
00:49:15.680 just all the pop culture
00:49:16.920 he absorbs.
00:49:18.740 And,
00:49:18.960 you know,
00:49:19.060 he's seeing people
00:49:20.460 in like polycules
00:49:21.420 and he's seeing open marriages
00:49:22.720 and he's seeing a lot of promiscuity
00:49:25.340 in these kind of,
00:49:27.040 these windows
00:49:27.800 into other lifestyles.
00:49:29.660 But the default for this kid is,
00:49:31.700 well,
00:49:31.920 his mom and dad are married
00:49:32.940 and the people around him
00:49:33.840 are married
00:49:34.300 and so that's like a counterweight
00:49:36.460 to what he's seeing
00:49:37.360 in the outside world.
00:49:39.220 But now imagine
00:49:40.180 someone who grows up
00:49:41.080 where I grew up
00:49:41.800 and you're not,
00:49:43.300 you know,
00:49:43.480 you're raised by a single mom
00:49:44.660 or you're raised in foster homes
00:49:45.780 or something like that
00:49:46.640 and then all of your friends
00:49:47.720 are raised in various
00:49:48.960 kind of different family configurations
00:49:50.700 and you're not actually ever seeing
00:49:52.040 what a healthy,
00:49:52.840 committed marriage looks like
00:49:53.860 in your everyday life.
00:49:55.480 And then you open up TikTok
00:49:56.620 and a magazine
00:49:57.660 and pop culture
00:49:58.320 and everything.
00:49:58.660 And again,
00:49:59.120 it's,
00:49:59.380 you know,
00:49:59.520 open marriages
00:50:00.120 and promiscuity
00:50:00.960 and all these things.
00:50:01.580 And so no matter where you turn,
00:50:03.200 you're not really seeing
00:50:04.180 what a healthy marriage looks like.
00:50:06.420 And I think that too
00:50:07.120 can help to explain
00:50:08.320 what's happening
00:50:08.880 in these low-income areas
00:50:11.000 where marriage
00:50:12.360 is at an all-time low
00:50:13.500 and, you know,
00:50:14.520 families are deteriorating
00:50:15.760 and fragmenting
00:50:16.460 and so on
00:50:16.940 is just,
00:50:17.960 you know,
00:50:18.120 not only are you
00:50:18.760 firsthand not seeing it
00:50:20.120 what a relationship looks like,
00:50:21.500 but even the pop culture
00:50:22.900 and images you consume around you,
00:50:24.280 it's unavailable to you.
00:50:26.060 And not only unavailable,
00:50:27.120 but actually promoting
00:50:28.100 the opposite
00:50:28.680 of what is healthy.
00:50:29.700 And this is what
00:50:30.420 I was going to ask you about
00:50:31.420 because it seems to me
00:50:33.640 that what you're really saying
00:50:34.780 is there's a vicious cycle
00:50:35.960 going on
00:50:36.600 and it's self-reinforcing.
00:50:38.000 So you create
00:50:40.480 a different set
00:50:41.340 of sexual norms
00:50:42.180 in the 60s.
00:50:43.260 More people get divorced.
00:50:44.840 You get more people
00:50:45.640 growing up
00:50:46.200 in the sort of circumstances
00:50:47.240 that you grew up.
00:50:48.620 That's traumatizing to them
00:50:50.180 and, you know,
00:50:50.760 people are wary
00:50:52.120 of saying that.
00:50:52.880 But I imagine,
00:50:53.780 you know,
00:50:54.140 going from foster home
00:50:54.900 to foster home
00:50:55.420 to foster home
00:50:56.060 and many of the other
00:50:56.880 experiences you had,
00:50:57.680 you kind of alluded to it.
00:50:58.660 Like, you wouldn't wish it
00:50:59.900 on your children
00:51:00.820 or probably even
00:51:01.520 your worst enemy, right?
00:51:03.720 So then how do you cope
00:51:05.360 with that?
00:51:05.820 Well,
00:51:06.600 one of the ways
00:51:07.260 you cope with that
00:51:07.820 is taking drugs.
00:51:08.720 So you take drugs,
00:51:09.680 then you have more kids
00:51:10.760 without getting,
00:51:11.540 and it just goes
00:51:12.920 round and round.
00:51:14.420 And the question is,
00:51:15.460 and I think this is
00:51:16.160 really interesting
00:51:16.880 to talk about with you,
00:51:18.020 is how does that cycle
00:51:19.860 get broken?
00:51:20.620 And I use the passive voice
00:51:22.080 deliberately
00:51:22.660 because increasingly
00:51:25.060 we only talk about it
00:51:26.740 in terms of
00:51:28.160 how do we break
00:51:29.200 this cycle?
00:51:29.960 And that means
00:51:30.680 the government
00:51:31.520 has to come in
00:51:32.240 and do something.
00:51:33.440 And I was curious about,
00:51:34.720 I'm not someone
00:51:35.440 who's ideological
00:51:36.120 about this.
00:51:36.860 I don't think
00:51:37.560 the government,
00:51:38.560 you know,
00:51:38.980 the government
00:51:39.360 shouldn't do anything.
00:51:40.600 I think there are
00:51:41.200 lots of areas
00:51:41.920 where the government
00:51:42.500 actually has a massive role
00:51:43.700 to play.
00:51:45.160 For example,
00:51:45.980 science, right?
00:51:46.800 There are areas
00:51:47.580 of human research
00:51:49.080 that are never
00:51:49.700 going to get funded
00:51:50.480 needed to achieve
00:51:51.880 to achieve the results
00:51:52.340 we want
00:51:52.740 unless the government
00:51:53.400 steps in.
00:51:54.060 I mean,
00:51:54.440 Oppenheimer
00:51:54.920 is a very good
00:51:55.620 kind of visual example
00:51:56.780 of that.
00:51:58.660 So how does the cycle
00:51:59.980 get broken
00:52:00.580 in your opinion?
00:52:02.940 Yeah.
00:52:03.400 Yeah,
00:52:03.640 it's a good question.
00:52:04.960 And,
00:52:05.280 you know,
00:52:06.040 I thought about this,
00:52:08.120 you know,
00:52:08.520 what have been
00:52:09.960 other sort of
00:52:10.560 successful
00:52:11.140 cultural shifts?
00:52:14.420 What campaigns
00:52:15.160 have been introduced
00:52:15.880 to change human behavior
00:52:17.060 on a mass scale?
00:52:17.920 One thing that comes
00:52:19.600 to mind is
00:52:20.400 like the changing
00:52:22.180 attitudes around
00:52:22.920 smoking over time.
00:52:24.680 So the number
00:52:25.480 of Americans
00:52:26.000 who smoke,
00:52:27.240 it's dropped by half
00:52:28.140 since the early 1980s,
00:52:30.140 which is like
00:52:30.660 a massive cultural shift.
00:52:32.000 Like smoking used to be
00:52:33.200 like chewing gum.
00:52:35.080 You know,
00:52:35.220 it was just like
00:52:35.580 a sort of a habit
00:52:36.680 that people would do
00:52:37.540 or drinking coffee.
00:52:38.940 It was just a part
00:52:39.700 of your life.
00:52:40.200 You built it in
00:52:40.880 to your daily routine.
00:52:42.800 And now it's like
00:52:44.040 it's weird to smoke.
00:52:45.440 And not only did
00:52:46.420 the government
00:52:46.800 sort of introduce laws
00:52:47.780 and there were regulations
00:52:48.520 about where you could smoke
00:52:49.480 and for how long
00:52:50.140 and how far you had
00:52:50.920 to be from a building
00:52:51.720 and, you know,
00:52:52.900 the warning signs
00:52:53.740 and the labels
00:52:54.240 and everything.
00:52:54.840 But there were also
00:52:55.720 cultural shifts
00:52:57.480 around shame
00:52:58.420 and stigma
00:52:58.960 that, you know,
00:53:00.380 now it's kind of
00:53:01.420 socially acceptable
00:53:02.160 that if someone smokes,
00:53:03.020 you can kind of say
00:53:03.560 like, wow,
00:53:04.160 you know,
00:53:04.420 you know,
00:53:04.680 like,
00:53:04.940 what are you doing?
00:53:06.520 Rob wants to ban
00:53:07.460 single parents from bars.
00:53:09.640 Yeah, yeah,
00:53:09.860 that's what I'm saying.
00:53:10.900 Well, 100 feet,
00:53:11.740 100 feet or meters,
00:53:12.960 you know,
00:53:13.260 from the bar.
00:53:14.560 You stand over there.
00:53:15.540 Yeah, yeah, yeah.
00:53:16.180 Well, there's the
00:53:16.600 single parent section
00:53:17.420 and make sure
00:53:19.480 that they're outside
00:53:20.160 as well.
00:53:20.780 Yeah.
00:53:21.960 Well, I just remember
00:53:22.880 like in the 90s
00:53:24.360 when I would watch TV shows
00:53:25.660 as a kid,
00:53:26.320 it was like
00:53:26.680 every third commercial
00:53:27.600 was like,
00:53:29.140 you know,
00:53:29.420 like the woman
00:53:29.980 with the hole in her neck
00:53:31.200 and like,
00:53:31.900 you know,
00:53:32.100 telling you how she had
00:53:33.200 neck cancer
00:53:33.780 or tracheotomy
00:53:34.500 or whatever it is.
00:53:35.300 And I remember this
00:53:36.660 being like,
00:53:37.160 this is kind of disturbing
00:53:38.180 to watch this.
00:53:39.180 And like,
00:53:39.480 I still smoke cigarettes
00:53:40.300 and everything.
00:53:40.740 But I do think like
00:53:41.520 in the aggregate,
00:53:43.200 having all of this messaging
00:53:44.620 around you,
00:53:45.320 it did make it harder.
00:53:46.280 Like,
00:53:46.440 it made it harder
00:53:46.880 to obtain cigarettes.
00:53:47.880 It made it harder
00:53:48.380 to like smoke
00:53:49.020 without people judging you
00:53:50.300 or looking at you,
00:53:50.940 whatever.
00:53:51.300 And I think like,
00:53:52.380 you know,
00:53:52.680 if we could find a way
00:53:54.280 to sort of introduce
00:53:57.100 a similar campaign
00:53:58.140 around sort of children
00:54:00.300 and family
00:54:01.160 and relationships.
00:54:02.000 So,
00:54:02.980 you know,
00:54:03.300 there is that concern,
00:54:05.460 right?
00:54:05.620 Like,
00:54:05.800 you're shaming single parents.
00:54:07.460 You might be shaming
00:54:08.080 single moms.
00:54:08.680 You don't want to make
00:54:09.100 them feel bad.
00:54:09.880 Single moms work very hard.
00:54:10.820 I was raised by a single mom
00:54:11.660 for a time.
00:54:12.020 I understand it.
00:54:12.900 And I had friends
00:54:13.620 who were raised
00:54:13.860 by single moms
00:54:14.540 and I have a lot
00:54:15.060 of respect for them.
00:54:15.960 I had a friend
00:54:16.280 raised by a single dad.
00:54:17.160 Similar story.
00:54:18.240 And I do think
00:54:19.720 there's a,
00:54:20.480 you know,
00:54:20.640 Warren Farrell,
00:54:21.500 you know,
00:54:21.700 he uses this term
00:54:22.940 fatherless homes
00:54:24.200 or father absence.
00:54:25.780 And I think this is a,
00:54:26.860 it's a unique reframe.
00:54:28.340 It's useful
00:54:28.920 because now you're not
00:54:30.560 really putting the burden
00:54:31.680 and the responsibility
00:54:32.500 and the blame so much
00:54:33.460 on the mother
00:54:33.860 who's working hard,
00:54:34.660 but you're putting the,
00:54:35.480 you know,
00:54:35.640 more of the blame
00:54:36.340 or focus at least
00:54:37.560 on the father
00:54:38.220 who's not there,
00:54:39.300 who's not present.
00:54:40.920 And I think that can be useful too.
00:54:42.820 I mean,
00:54:42.980 you probably still get called
00:54:44.040 racist and all these things.
00:54:45.300 Well,
00:54:45.320 this is what I was going to say,
00:54:46.160 Rob.
00:54:46.320 Isn't the problem really,
00:54:47.740 and I don't know
00:54:48.920 if you know Melissa Chen well,
00:54:50.340 but she's a very good
00:54:51.080 friend of ours.
00:54:51.880 And her and I talk about
00:54:52.920 this all the time,
00:54:53.700 which is,
00:54:54.520 you know,
00:54:54.740 she comes from
00:54:55.380 a Singaporean background
00:54:56.540 and the attitudes
00:54:58.200 to shame
00:54:59.460 and stigma
00:55:01.800 are very different
00:55:02.700 in her culture,
00:55:03.380 as they are in mine,
00:55:04.320 by the way,
00:55:04.700 like coming from Russia,
00:55:05.760 I don't have the same.
00:55:07.300 It seems to me
00:55:08.120 that in Western society,
00:55:09.360 we've got a stigma
00:55:10.640 about stigma.
00:55:12.200 Like you cannot,
00:55:13.640 you cannot ever say
00:55:15.360 that anyone should be ashamed
00:55:16.460 of anything.
00:55:17.480 I don't think that's true,
00:55:18.580 though.
00:55:18.920 I think like it's true.
00:55:19.920 Well,
00:55:19.940 except having the wrong opinions
00:55:21.180 about, you know,
00:55:21.920 social justice or whatever.
00:55:23.060 So I think like the shame
00:55:24.020 and stigma has been
00:55:25.140 kind of dismantled
00:55:26.380 for, you know,
00:55:27.840 kind of conventional
00:55:28.980 transgressions,
00:55:29.980 the things that we kind
00:55:30.800 of all know,
00:55:31.680 like, you know,
00:55:32.140 stealing, right?
00:55:32.940 Like shoplifting,
00:55:33.620 we all know,
00:55:33.940 but somehow we removed
00:55:34.900 the stigma from shoplifting.
00:55:36.460 And the criminal charges,
00:55:37.800 yeah.
00:55:38.060 But somehow we reintroduced
00:55:41.000 stigma and shame
00:55:41.900 for, yeah,
00:55:42.500 holding the wrong opinion
00:55:43.400 or for using an outdated term
00:55:46.200 or something like that.
00:55:47.060 And so it does seem like
00:55:48.600 educated and affluent people
00:55:50.240 who, you know,
00:55:51.600 like there's a lot of studies
00:55:52.840 on this,
00:55:53.200 that they do wield
00:55:53.840 disproportionate influence
00:55:54.900 on culture,
00:55:55.660 on policy,
00:55:56.600 on public opinion,
00:55:57.640 all of these kinds of things.
00:55:58.940 I mean,
00:55:59.220 they're not like,
00:56:00.100 you know,
00:56:00.360 puppet man.
00:56:00.760 They can't like completely
00:56:01.460 control it,
00:56:02.020 but they do wield
00:56:02.700 a lot of influence on
00:56:04.140 like,
00:56:04.660 like the defund the police thing.
00:56:06.100 Like there were a lot
00:56:07.080 of police departments
00:56:07.720 that redirected resources
00:56:08.920 and reduced spending
00:56:10.420 on police forces,
00:56:11.540 despite the fact
00:56:12.120 the majority of Americans
00:56:13.040 were not on board
00:56:13.880 with this at all,
00:56:14.480 including the majority
00:56:15.080 of African-Americans.
00:56:16.320 But, you know,
00:56:17.220 the elites were all for it
00:56:18.180 for a little while
00:56:19.020 and suddenly we see
00:56:20.200 this,
00:56:20.680 this outcome.
00:56:21.720 So, so they're perfectly
00:56:24.520 willing though
00:56:25.200 to introduce shame
00:56:26.380 for law enforcement
00:56:27.400 and all these other things.
00:56:28.180 And I think like
00:56:28.780 if we could find a way
00:56:30.520 to get them to understand,
00:56:32.080 and I try to do it
00:56:32.980 with data,
00:56:34.080 statistics,
00:56:34.640 survey research,
00:56:35.160 and stories,
00:56:36.080 not just my stories,
00:56:37.000 but the people
00:56:37.420 I grew up around
00:56:38.080 that maybe over time
00:56:39.980 this can slowly
00:56:40.640 sort of get through
00:56:41.300 to them
00:56:41.760 and get them
00:56:42.820 to understand
00:56:43.260 that, you know,
00:56:43.800 there are,
00:56:44.400 it's important
00:56:45.020 to have standards.
00:56:46.080 And I think
00:56:47.560 there's this sort
00:56:48.080 of mistaken view
00:56:49.000 about holding people
00:56:50.380 up to high standards
00:56:51.200 and expectations
00:56:51.880 that there is this like,
00:56:53.860 oh, well,
00:56:54.120 if you grew up poor
00:56:54.980 and you grew up
00:56:55.480 in these difficult,
00:56:56.600 chaotic circumstances,
00:56:57.640 like you can kind of
00:56:58.560 behave however you want.
00:56:59.520 It's okay because,
00:57:00.940 you know,
00:57:01.440 it's just,
00:57:02.000 you know,
00:57:02.140 you had a hard life,
00:57:03.060 but actually
00:57:03.520 I think the opposite view
00:57:05.700 is more important
00:57:06.360 that actually
00:57:06.880 when your life
00:57:07.420 is chaotic
00:57:07.920 and disorderly
00:57:08.720 and so on,
00:57:09.200 it's actually more important
00:57:10.140 for you to be up,
00:57:10.960 you know,
00:57:11.160 to be held
00:57:12.260 to those standards
00:57:13.080 because that helps you
00:57:16.280 to break out
00:57:16.800 of those negative
00:57:17.360 behavioral patterns.
00:57:19.220 And I write about this.
00:57:20.120 I had this experience
00:57:20.800 in the military
00:57:21.500 about, you know,
00:57:22.880 people will say to me,
00:57:23.840 like, how did you change?
00:57:25.760 And it's like,
00:57:26.500 I spent eight years
00:57:27.220 in the Air Force.
00:57:28.040 I joined when I was 17
00:57:29.280 when I was still,
00:57:30.460 you know,
00:57:30.800 essentially a child
00:57:31.820 and I left when I was 25
00:57:34.040 and those are formative years
00:57:35.660 in any young man's life
00:57:36.800 regardless of how
00:57:37.460 they spend them.
00:57:38.180 But if you spend them
00:57:38.780 in a very kind of
00:57:39.380 rigid environment
00:57:40.120 of high expectations,
00:57:41.940 high standards,
00:57:43.080 you know,
00:57:43.660 demanding,
00:57:44.780 you know,
00:57:45.720 and kind of exacting
00:57:47.660 expectations,
00:57:48.640 like, of course,
00:57:49.700 like you're going
00:57:50.060 to transform
00:57:50.500 from that experience
00:57:51.400 and it prevented me
00:57:52.900 from kind of acting out
00:57:54.280 and, you know,
00:57:55.400 behaving impulsively
00:57:56.800 the way that I would have
00:57:57.500 had I not been
00:57:58.000 in that environment.
00:57:59.240 I tell this story
00:58:00.100 in the book about,
00:58:01.160 so my friend Tyler,
00:58:02.520 he went to prison
00:58:03.620 and I tell this story.
00:58:04.940 So he was sentenced
00:58:05.960 to 18 months.
00:58:06.680 He got out in 12.
00:58:07.540 He was in San Quentin
00:58:08.300 state prison in California.
00:58:10.120 I visited him shortly
00:58:11.240 after he got out of prison
00:58:12.180 and we started talking
00:58:13.240 about our experiences
00:58:14.080 because I had been
00:58:14.680 in the military
00:58:15.160 for a little over a year
00:58:16.440 by this point
00:58:17.140 and so he was like,
00:58:18.920 tell me what the military
00:58:19.520 is like.
00:58:19.860 I said,
00:58:20.040 tell me how prison is like
00:58:20.880 and we both kind of,
00:58:22.020 you know,
00:58:22.140 we're both like,
00:58:22.760 well,
00:58:23.020 like,
00:58:23.320 you know,
00:58:23.460 every aspect of your life
00:58:24.540 is tightly regulated
00:58:25.420 and managed,
00:58:26.280 you know,
00:58:26.740 like by the hour,
00:58:28.060 by the minute,
00:58:28.700 everything you do,
00:58:29.680 you know,
00:58:29.880 this is the time you work out.
00:58:30.880 This is the time
00:58:31.220 you make your bed
00:58:31.720 and this is this,
00:58:32.280 this.
00:58:33.100 And we kind of
00:58:34.260 gradually converged
00:58:35.340 on this point of like,
00:58:36.300 wow,
00:58:36.680 our experiences aren't so different.
00:58:38.200 I'm like,
00:58:38.340 the military is basically prison
00:58:39.580 at least for the first year
00:58:40.940 or so of training.
00:58:42.140 And,
00:58:42.640 and the other interesting
00:58:44.180 thing that came out
00:58:45.180 of that conversation was
00:58:46.180 we both agreed
00:58:47.740 that initially we hated it.
00:58:49.380 Just like having your life
00:58:50.680 so micromanaged
00:58:51.860 where you had
00:58:52.520 almost no freedom.
00:58:54.120 But then we both also agreed
00:58:56.160 that over time
00:58:57.120 we came to like it.
00:58:58.660 And he told me,
00:59:00.020 like he,
00:59:00.300 he disclosed to me
00:59:01.220 he liked it so much
00:59:01.960 that sometimes he fantasized
00:59:03.120 actually about going back
00:59:04.100 that actually
00:59:04.620 this extreme freedom he had
00:59:06.260 wasn't good for him
00:59:07.160 because,
00:59:07.980 you know,
00:59:08.180 unlimited access
00:59:08.880 to alcohol and drugs
00:59:10.400 and he had his car
00:59:11.300 and girls
00:59:12.120 and all this stuff.
00:59:13.260 And he said,
00:59:13.860 sometimes he just missed
00:59:14.740 like being contained
00:59:15.840 in this environment
00:59:16.500 and knowing what each day
00:59:17.520 was going to look like
00:59:18.280 and having that,
00:59:18.980 you know,
00:59:19.260 those,
00:59:19.400 those patterns.
00:59:20.420 And he actually did end up
00:59:21.280 going back to prison
00:59:21.880 by the way.
00:59:22.740 But I thought
00:59:23.660 that was interesting
00:59:24.160 that we were both
00:59:24.760 kind of,
00:59:24.940 Some dreams come true.
00:59:26.760 We were both kind of like,
00:59:28.580 no, no, no, no.
00:59:29.460 I'm just like,
00:59:30.180 you know,
00:59:30.380 we were both 18,
00:59:31.280 19 years old
00:59:31.820 by this point
00:59:32.480 and we both were like,
00:59:34.420 yeah,
00:59:34.600 it sucks,
00:59:35.500 but it's kind of good
00:59:36.640 to have that,
00:59:37.840 those kind of,
00:59:38.740 you know,
00:59:39.180 constraints.
00:59:41.000 At what point
00:59:42.080 are we just going to be
00:59:43.340 just really honest
00:59:44.420 and go,
00:59:45.400 we're failing our children?
00:59:46.940 Because that's what we're doing.
00:59:47.940 And we can dance around it
00:59:49.260 and we can,
00:59:50.060 you know,
00:59:50.400 use fancy words
00:59:51.700 and we can put together
00:59:52.700 nice complex sentences,
00:59:53.980 but let's get down
00:59:55.780 to brass tacks
00:59:56.800 as it were.
00:59:57.680 That's what we're doing.
00:59:58.500 We're failing our kids
00:59:59.620 and we're failing
01:00:00.120 the next generation
01:00:01.000 and we're setting them up,
01:00:02.620 we're setting them up
01:00:03.720 to have a life
01:00:04.760 that is ultimately
01:00:06.520 pretty miserable.
01:00:08.440 Yeah.
01:00:08.880 I mean,
01:00:09.700 I don't,
01:00:10.340 I don't know.
01:00:11.200 It's,
01:00:11.500 it's very strange,
01:00:12.140 like where we,
01:00:14.100 you know,
01:00:14.460 we,
01:00:14.980 I guess,
01:00:15.280 meaning like the,
01:00:16.140 the chattering class,
01:00:17.360 the educated elites,
01:00:18.380 we take this,
01:00:20.160 yeah,
01:00:20.360 this sort of
01:00:20.920 non-judgmental stance.
01:00:22.960 People can live their life.
01:00:24.320 You do you.
01:00:25.240 But again,
01:00:25.860 it's only for things
01:00:26.760 like family,
01:00:27.660 but you know,
01:00:28.060 so,
01:00:28.260 so if you see some,
01:00:30.060 you know,
01:00:30.180 if you see like a deadbeat dad
01:00:31.220 or something,
01:00:31.600 it's like,
01:00:32.000 oh,
01:00:32.160 it's their life,
01:00:32.820 leave them alone,
01:00:33.480 whatever.
01:00:34.080 But then if you see someone,
01:00:36.120 you know,
01:00:36.440 using an outdated term
01:00:37.680 for gender or race
01:00:39.180 or what have you,
01:00:40.280 you know,
01:00:40.420 people are very willing to say like,
01:00:41.560 you can't say that.
01:00:42.480 What do you,
01:00:42.720 they are,
01:00:43.140 it's not like,
01:00:43.820 oh,
01:00:43.900 it's you do you,
01:00:44.680 it's your life.
01:00:45.220 No,
01:00:45.340 no,
01:00:45.440 no,
01:00:45.520 they will interfere.
01:00:46.080 That's such a good point.
01:00:47.000 We will criticize somebody
01:00:48.380 for using a term
01:00:49.600 that was perfectly acceptable
01:00:50.840 10 years ago,
01:00:51.740 but we won't criticize a dad
01:00:53.420 who abandons his three kids
01:00:54.880 and the wife
01:00:55.580 that he had them with.
01:00:57.780 Yeah.
01:00:57.980 That's such a profound point.
01:00:59.380 Yeah.
01:00:59.940 That's such a good point.
01:01:01.480 It's yeah.
01:01:02.120 And,
01:01:02.380 but I think that there is
01:01:03.560 this gradual recognition.
01:01:05.400 I think it's going to take some time.
01:01:07.320 You know,
01:01:07.720 I,
01:01:07.900 I had two conversations recently.
01:01:10.740 These two guys who
01:01:12.640 had these private conversations,
01:01:14.540 they read my substack
01:01:15.460 and they both told me
01:01:17.680 a similar story
01:01:18.580 where they were in their late thirties,
01:01:21.240 they were married,
01:01:21.700 they had a couple of small kids
01:01:23.100 and they were telling me like,
01:01:24.820 you know,
01:01:24.960 Rob,
01:01:25.180 I sometimes I was thinking,
01:01:26.360 you know,
01:01:26.460 like,
01:01:27.560 was marriage really,
01:01:28.540 was it really the right,
01:01:29.380 decision
01:01:29.820 and they were having these second thoughts.
01:01:32.080 They were having some doubts
01:01:32.840 and there was no abuse or mistreatment.
01:01:34.620 It was just this kind of malaise,
01:01:36.800 this boredom.
01:01:37.640 You know,
01:01:38.020 the relationship wasn't as exciting
01:01:39.380 as it used to be.
01:01:40.940 But then they told me
01:01:41.900 that they had read
01:01:42.880 something I had written.
01:01:44.120 You know,
01:01:44.260 maybe it was something,
01:01:44.900 an excerpt from my book
01:01:45.740 or my substack
01:01:46.480 or an essay.
01:01:47.620 And both of them were like,
01:01:49.020 yeah,
01:01:49.120 we decided to recommit
01:01:50.280 to our wives,
01:01:51.440 to our families
01:01:52.080 and,
01:01:52.660 and to really sort of
01:01:54.040 not allow,
01:01:55.320 you know,
01:01:55.460 a bit of boredom,
01:01:56.340 a bit of,
01:01:57.000 you know,
01:01:57.240 second thoughts
01:01:58.060 to interfere
01:01:58.800 with this commitment
01:01:59.520 that we made.
01:02:00.380 And I thought to myself,
01:02:01.740 you know,
01:02:01.880 I'm just a guy
01:02:02.560 with a substack.
01:02:03.840 You know,
01:02:04.040 like,
01:02:04.240 imagine if,
01:02:05.700 like,
01:02:05.900 the cultural messaging
01:02:06.700 in general
01:02:07.400 was this way.
01:02:09.420 If,
01:02:09.980 you know,
01:02:10.160 the op-ed pages
01:02:10.980 of the most prestigious
01:02:12.260 newspapers
01:02:12.880 and magazines
01:02:13.640 and outlets
01:02:14.260 and all of the kind of
01:02:15.460 images that we imbibe,
01:02:17.060 you know,
01:02:17.180 the shows we watch
01:02:17.920 on Netflix,
01:02:18.400 if they kind of
01:02:19.460 reaffirmed this value.
01:02:21.280 Again,
01:02:21.560 like,
01:02:21.740 if there's abuse
01:02:22.240 or mistreatment
01:02:22.740 and so on,
01:02:23.220 obviously,
01:02:23.780 you know,
01:02:24.000 get out of there.
01:02:25.060 But if,
01:02:25.860 you know,
01:02:26.040 just generally speaking,
01:02:27.320 that the default
01:02:28.320 should be,
01:02:29.100 you know,
01:02:29.680 two parents,
01:02:30.780 a kid,
01:02:31.360 you know,
01:02:31.660 and,
01:02:32.480 you know,
01:02:33.380 even if,
01:02:35.080 even if there is divorce
01:02:36.140 and even if there is
01:02:37.000 single parenthood
01:02:37.560 and so on,
01:02:38.160 like,
01:02:38.360 that doesn't mean
01:02:38.920 that it should be normalized.
01:02:40.560 You know,
01:02:41.120 like,
01:02:42.180 the two-parent family
01:02:42.860 is the ideal.
01:02:43.820 And just because
01:02:44.420 we don't always live up
01:02:45.340 to our ideals
01:02:45.900 doesn't mean you discard
01:02:46.720 the ideal.
01:02:47.460 It just,
01:02:47.820 you know,
01:02:48.020 just means,
01:02:48.520 like,
01:02:48.880 some of us struggle
01:02:50.160 and so on.
01:02:51.700 And we have
01:02:52.160 our private difficulties.
01:02:53.240 But,
01:02:53.860 you know,
01:02:54.080 I think that there's
01:02:54.960 also room to understand
01:02:56.240 that,
01:02:56.500 like,
01:02:56.660 yes,
01:02:57.280 this is probably good
01:02:58.060 for most people.
01:02:59.020 The other point is,
01:02:59.680 like,
01:03:00.180 I think,
01:03:00.740 this is maybe more controversial.
01:03:02.520 I think elites should become
01:03:03.240 more comfortable
01:03:03.660 with hypocrisy.
01:03:06.060 You know,
01:03:06.660 like,
01:03:07.120 I mean,
01:03:07.420 they're kind of hypocrites
01:03:08.180 right now,
01:03:08.760 but in the wrong direction.
01:03:10.080 In the wrong direction.
01:03:10.660 So I want the old form
01:03:14.080 of hypocrisy.
01:03:14.680 The old form of hypocrisy
01:03:15.700 was someone like
01:03:16.320 John F. Kennedy
01:03:16.880 where he presented
01:03:18.220 the image
01:03:18.920 of being a good husband
01:03:20.260 and a good father
01:03:21.000 and a good family man.
01:03:21.980 He paid lip service to it,
01:03:23.220 but we all kind of know privately.
01:03:24.520 I think even back then
01:03:25.320 a lot of the kind of elites
01:03:26.420 kind of knew
01:03:27.300 he was philandering
01:03:28.100 and he wasn't the family man
01:03:29.900 he portrayed himself to be.
01:03:31.560 But he still,
01:03:32.460 the elites in general
01:03:33.180 thought it was still important
01:03:34.100 to have that example
01:03:35.260 for the masses.
01:03:37.860 Whereas now,
01:03:39.260 there's kind of two forms.
01:03:40.760 So one is,
01:03:42.080 like,
01:03:42.260 if a highly educated
01:03:44.240 and affluent person
01:03:45.220 behaves privately,
01:03:46.800 you know,
01:03:46.940 they live in a polycule
01:03:47.800 or something like,
01:03:48.380 everyone should do this.
01:03:49.500 And if you don't do it,
01:03:50.360 you're uptight
01:03:50.900 or you're weird
01:03:51.620 or you're,
01:03:52.600 you know,
01:03:53.040 you have issues
01:03:54.060 with jealousy
01:03:54.560 and insecurity.
01:03:55.620 So that's one form.
01:03:56.880 But then the other form
01:03:57.680 is the reversal of that
01:03:58.960 where privately,
01:03:59.760 they're actually
01:04:00.560 in committed relationships.
01:04:02.640 They kind of live
01:04:03.540 by those conventional
01:04:04.480 or bourgeois lifestyles.
01:04:07.020 But then publicly,
01:04:08.240 they are like,
01:04:09.000 oh, you know,
01:04:09.540 all families are the same
01:04:10.820 and however you want
01:04:11.580 to live your life,
01:04:12.240 you do you.
01:04:13.200 And, you know,
01:04:13.540 if you want to live
01:04:14.180 in an open marriage,
01:04:15.100 like,
01:04:15.260 maybe that's more exciting.
01:04:16.320 It's not for me.
01:04:17.100 I wouldn't do it,
01:04:17.800 but maybe it's fun for you.
01:04:19.700 And, you know,
01:04:20.620 I think we should,
01:04:21.140 yeah,
01:04:21.240 the old school hypocrisy
01:04:22.440 is actually,
01:04:23.020 I think,
01:04:23.420 a better model.
01:04:24.780 So basically,
01:04:25.660 you want them
01:04:26.020 to virtue signal
01:04:26.840 about different things.
01:04:28.380 Kind of.
01:04:29.060 Yeah.
01:04:29.780 Look,
01:04:30.340 you know what?
01:04:31.000 I think ultimately
01:04:32.180 the point you made
01:04:33.420 about people
01:04:33.920 reading your substack
01:04:34.840 and getting the message
01:04:35.760 is really a very good point
01:04:38.020 to actually think about.
01:04:39.180 And when my son was born,
01:04:40.860 I was posting pictures
01:04:42.060 of him all the time
01:04:42.940 before he kind of
01:04:43.720 got an identifiable face
01:04:45.440 and stuff.
01:04:46.400 And I talk about
01:04:47.260 being a dad all the time
01:04:48.320 because I think people
01:04:49.840 who are out there
01:04:50.880 and are visible in some way
01:04:52.920 really need to start
01:04:54.420 explaining this stuff
01:04:55.500 in a way that's like,
01:04:56.480 this is actually
01:04:56.900 a good thing to do.
01:04:58.260 And yes,
01:04:59.420 life becomes more challenging
01:05:00.900 as a result.
01:05:01.900 And yes,
01:05:02.600 it's no longer
01:05:03.260 all about you.
01:05:04.280 And that's why
01:05:05.120 you will be way more fulfilled.
01:05:06.820 Because the moment
01:05:07.960 your life stops
01:05:08.820 being just about you,
01:05:10.260 that's when it gets
01:05:11.180 really good.
01:05:12.020 And people don't get that
01:05:13.400 because they don't see
01:05:14.140 that around them
01:05:14.740 and no one tells them that.
01:05:15.800 And I think
01:05:16.240 you're doing great work
01:05:17.900 on that.
01:05:18.200 I'm so glad this book
01:05:19.160 is absolutely crushing it.
01:05:21.320 If you haven't read it,
01:05:22.460 which is unlikely
01:05:23.160 at this point,
01:05:23.840 because as I said,
01:05:25.000 not jealous,
01:05:25.600 but he's been on
01:05:26.060 every fucking podcast
01:05:26.880 in America.
01:05:27.960 So you don't believe
01:05:28.840 in being monogamous?
01:05:29.840 No, no.
01:05:30.580 Yeah, exactly.
01:05:31.580 He cheated on us
01:05:32.580 over in America.
01:05:33.820 Polyamorous podcast.
01:05:34.020 What happens in Vegas
01:05:35.020 stays in Vegas.
01:05:36.080 Not as far as I'm concerned, mate.
01:05:37.860 But Rob,
01:05:38.160 it's been great
01:05:38.840 to have you back.
01:05:39.740 These are really
01:05:40.380 important conversations.
01:05:41.860 I hope loads of people
01:05:42.660 read the book.
01:05:43.260 It's been an absolute
01:05:44.120 pleasure talking to you.
01:05:44.940 We're going to ask you
01:05:45.480 a few questions
01:05:46.100 from our local supporters.
01:05:47.720 But for now,
01:05:48.840 what's the one thing
01:05:49.480 we're not talking about
01:05:50.280 that we should be?
01:05:52.060 Before Rob answers,
01:05:53.560 at the end of the interview,
01:05:55.340 make sure to head over
01:05:56.560 to our locals.
01:05:57.680 The link's in the description
01:05:58.800 to see this.
01:06:00.740 How does your upbringing
01:06:01.680 affect your close relationships
01:06:03.160 and how do you overcome
01:06:04.440 that trauma
01:06:05.080 to have a loving relationship
01:06:06.500 that works?
01:06:07.720 What do you make of,
01:06:08.780 I guess,
01:06:09.100 welfare programs
01:06:09.920 as an approach
01:06:10.960 to dealing with poverty?
01:06:11.960 What does it feel like
01:06:13.400 to have invented
01:06:14.140 an expression
01:06:15.100 which has gone
01:06:16.360 into the language
01:06:17.060 everywhere?
01:06:17.920 And do you think
01:06:18.540 that everyone using it
01:06:19.720 understands what you meant
01:06:21.460 by it originally?
01:06:23.300 Well, the second question,
01:06:24.560 no.
01:06:27.020 I mean,
01:06:27.600 I think we've covered
01:06:28.200 a lot of ground
01:06:29.120 in this conversation,
01:06:30.220 but I just wanted
01:06:30.820 to reiterate the point
01:06:32.000 about sort of
01:06:33.740 the images
01:06:34.620 and examples
01:06:35.200 that we see.
01:06:36.680 Again,
01:06:37.160 that sort of
01:06:37.620 thought experiment
01:06:38.700 I gave
01:06:39.320 of the kid
01:06:40.660 who has married parents
01:06:41.780 and the images
01:06:42.380 that he sees
01:06:42.980 in popular culture
01:06:43.920 and that sort of balance,
01:06:45.820 whereas kids
01:06:46.460 in sort of
01:06:46.940 working class,
01:06:48.080 you know,
01:06:48.420 poor neighborhoods,
01:06:50.860 they're not getting it anywhere,
01:06:52.300 you know,
01:06:52.620 whether in their personal lives
01:06:53.980 or the images
01:06:54.720 that they see.
01:06:56.260 And, you know,
01:06:56.660 as I think about,
01:06:57.920 you know,
01:06:58.000 I think back
01:06:58.400 to my early life
01:06:59.480 when I was, again,
01:07:00.060 watching shows
01:07:00.520 like Fresh Prince
01:07:01.260 or, you know,
01:07:01.780 it's like the sitcoms
01:07:03.980 and the shows
01:07:04.340 of that time,
01:07:04.880 they just seem to be
01:07:05.800 like better examples,
01:07:06.960 more holes.
01:07:07.260 I mean,
01:07:07.540 I think even the marriage
01:07:08.680 between Uncle Phil
01:07:09.520 and Aunt Viv
01:07:10.000 in that show
01:07:10.520 was like kind of
01:07:11.640 aspirational in a way.
01:07:12.780 Like there was no cheating,
01:07:13.820 no infidelity.
01:07:14.380 It was just like,
01:07:14.940 wow,
01:07:15.640 you know,
01:07:15.900 even as a little kid,
01:07:16.940 I'm like,
01:07:17.360 you know,
01:07:17.600 how cool would it be
01:07:18.280 to have parents like that?
01:07:19.800 And now kids
01:07:20.580 aren't really getting that
01:07:21.640 like nearly,
01:07:22.320 nearly as often.
01:07:23.500 And I think that's
01:07:24.740 something important
01:07:25.540 to think about
01:07:26.640 is just like the vast difference,
01:07:28.520 not only sort of personally,
01:07:29.820 but just also in terms
01:07:31.620 of like the images
01:07:32.240 that we're exposed to.
01:07:33.580 It's that Mr. Rogers effect,
01:07:35.240 why he's such a beloved figure
01:07:36.460 in America
01:07:36.960 and everyone loves him
01:07:37.840 because he was,
01:07:39.500 you know,
01:07:39.880 that,
01:07:40.220 you know,
01:07:40.420 everyone's dad almost.
01:07:41.540 Yeah,
01:07:41.920 right.
01:07:42.520 Well,
01:07:42.740 we've barely scratched the surface,
01:07:44.200 but like I said,
01:07:44.780 I hope people read the book
01:07:45.640 and of course,
01:07:46.540 make sure to head on over
01:07:47.960 to Locals
01:07:48.400 for the rest of this conversation.
01:07:51.520 Maybe it's too personal.
01:07:53.480 Did Rob's mum
01:07:54.580 ever get off drugs?
01:07:56.160 Does he have any suggestions
01:07:57.360 to help the drug
01:07:58.320 affected people in life?
01:07:59.880 or any suggestions
01:08:01.380 to curb the black market
01:08:02.600 of drugs?