00:01:14.260So I've just constantly been working in schools since then.
00:01:17.420Mixture of schools, so secondary modern school in Kent,
00:01:20.740and then other end of the spectrum, which is Eton.
00:01:23.560between that Highgate School in London for a few years as well and I've always been very passionate
00:01:29.300about the importance of balanced debate in education open rigorous discussion and it's
00:01:34.920because of that that when I was asked to not only allow the cancellation of a lecture intended for
00:01:41.760a hot button controversial issues debating course at Eton to be cancelled at Eton but also to remove
00:01:48.440from my private YouTube channel that I am where I am now. I ask questions about why this debate
00:01:54.980couldn't be had. If not at Eton, why not allow people to explore the issues online in their
00:02:01.100free time, especially because I'd agreed with Eton to put a disclaimer on the channel when I
00:02:08.060set it up saying it was nothing to do with Eton's personal views. So I was a bit puzzled why students
00:02:13.820weren't allowed to practice the importance of independent critical thought at least in their
00:02:18.740own time if it wasn't allowed at the college itself yeah we'll get into the story itself but
00:02:23.460we have a large international audience as well and most people even in this country haven't been
00:02:28.600to Eton I don't know if you've been to Eton yeah I went they fucking loved me I have been to Eton
00:02:36.240just as a visitor and I just want just tell everybody a little bit about what is it like
00:02:42.700what is this institution about you know who are some of the people that it's produced what is the
00:02:47.600point of Eton like because I think that is actually an important piece of this definitely so it's got
00:02:52.740a long and very rich history of debate all boarding schools have a room in them called debate as
00:03:00.200testament to that there's also a purpose-built debating hall where often speakers who might be
00:03:06.160no platformed elsewhere such as George Galloway or Jermaine Greer have come to speak and the boys
00:03:11.900have engaged with their ideas. Students also run their own societies independent from normal
00:03:17.480lessons and they might invite external speakers, could be sometimes politicians or CEOs or prominent
00:03:24.700authors to come and stimulate the kind of argument that the school is famous for. So when there was
00:03:30.880a sense that the range of ideas was being narrowed, that made me feel that something very
00:03:36.820important at Eton and precious to it was at risk. And so you say it was something important and
00:03:44.200precious and I agree with you. What were these issues that were controversial that you were
00:03:50.200talking about? Well the course is the college's flagship debating course called Perspectives
00:03:56.360and it is for boys in lower sixth, so about 16, 17 year olds. And the theme for this term was
00:04:04.860identity. So the ideas that might be to do with sex, for example, or race or class, all the kind
00:04:12.500of issues that come under the umbrella of identity politics, you could argue. And obviously, these are
00:04:17.940all controversial topics in the media and culture at large. So it's important for boys to be engaging
00:04:23.140with them. And over the last few years, what I've noticed is that some of these were being treated
00:04:29.140in a way that, in my opinion, was partisan. And schools have a duty to be non-partisan
00:04:34.300in the presentation of political topics. Can I just stop you there? What do you mean by
00:04:38.200partisan? So one-sided. So taking one particular line and not exposing students to consider the
00:04:45.900strongest arguments from the opposing side. As an example of that, one of the students
00:04:52.760was complaining that he felt that gender theory was being presented as fact in PSHE lessons.
00:04:59.140and I had found that in trying to encourage wider debate around that resources which were described
00:05:05.980as excellent were being blocked in case it caused upset. Now it's difficult to see why a resource
00:05:13.080which on the one hand the person blocking says is excellent shouldn't be allowed to go ahead for the
00:05:18.520purpose of stimulating student discussion just because it might cause upset to somebody.
00:05:22.960freedom of speech involves the freedom to upset and also the freedom to receive information that
00:05:30.000might upset so it goes to the heart of what education is all about really. So you created
00:05:37.580this lesson right you then went to teach these lessons and then what happened? Well it's important
00:05:44.280to give a bit of background about what creating the lesson involved. So I asked a few people
00:05:50.960senior to me would this be a good idea for a topic to talk about the concept of toxic masculinity
00:05:56.700and patriarchy in a way that isn't often touched on and he said that would be interesting good to
00:06:02.800stimulate debate so then I did some reading made sure everything in the lecture was referenced
00:06:07.900fully because I wanted to keep it to a high standard which is what the Eton boys expect
00:06:11.580and honoring the academic prestige and scholarship of the institution so there are over over 40
00:06:18.540academic references in the lecture places like Oxford Cambridge Harvard Yale so I wanted to give
00:06:25.300the boys a fairly heavyweight reading list to go and pursue in their own time the expectation was
00:06:30.800that they would disagree with the lecture on perspectives every single lecture is scrutinized
00:06:38.660and boys are encouraged to do that so the idea isn't that you just listen and sit there and say
00:06:43.300what lovely points I agree completely the teachers ask the students to pick it apart
00:06:48.880so this would be a good opportunity for them I felt to be able to try out some of the ideas
00:06:55.200they've been hearing about patriarchy is in its entirety a social construct involving the
00:07:01.860oppression of women by men but after I produced the video the request came through to upload it
00:07:11.800onto the college's internal intranet system, which is what is normally done when you distribute
00:07:17.540resources. So I agreed to do that. It was sent around to the teachers on the perspectives course
00:07:25.320and before it was ever shown to students, a complaint came in saying that according to the
00:07:31.880complaint, merely to allow students to critically discuss this amongst themselves would place that
00:07:39.280member of staff in a hostile environment. Now to me that was something very different from saying
00:07:45.660for example that particular teacher didn't want to have a discussion with me or a debate with me
00:07:52.100on stage about it. I had asked for that would anybody like to present alongside with me or give
00:07:57.560a live counterbalance as I'm making points. Nobody wanted to do that. That was disappointing but what
00:08:04.080was more disappointing was that the boys themselves weren't allowed to think for themselves
00:08:08.620about the material. And what was it that you were presenting as this challenging course? I
00:08:15.880understand you weren't saying this is the truth, they're supposed to push back against it and work
00:08:20.420out what they think for themselves. But what was the, were you saying, you know what, patriarchy
00:08:24.380is great and we need to bring back more of it. Is that what it was? Well, actually, it was a
00:08:28.980presentation of the standard view from evolutionary anthropology, which is that patriarchy is at least
00:08:34.920partly rooted in biology that's why we see it in other mammalian species not just human beings
00:08:41.240so it's difficult to see how it's purely a social construct unless we've also somehow
00:08:45.880socially constructed it in other species as well which seems doubtful to me but this wasn't a
00:08:50.920particularly radical position it's what is the canonical position in a whole body of mainstream
00:08:56.200science it's just one that boys don't often hear because you get the view of the social
00:09:01.000scientist instead, which is purely social constructivism. So you uploaded it, the complaint
00:09:07.820came through, what happened next? So it actually gets cancelled and I let the school know that it
00:09:15.220was already before the complaint had come in on my personal YouTube channel as well with the agreed
00:09:21.120disclaimer. Now why did I even have a YouTube channel? Why did I put that particular lecture
00:09:26.080online? Well Eton is a charity and it aims at providing educational public benefit and one of
00:09:33.560the things I was doing with the YouTube channel was just uploading some videos on the set poems
00:09:39.880and texts for GCSE boards to help students in other countries who might not have access to
00:09:46.680in some cases high quality teaching or had missed lessons through illness things like that. It's
00:09:52.140good to have extra resources to help people out. I'm getting a lot of positive feedback from kids
00:09:56.420in Malaysia, Africa, all over the world saying thanks you helped boost my grade for my literature
00:10:01.540exam. So that meant a lot to me. I'd also noticed through running a school for state school students
00:10:09.600during my summer holiday at Eton to help give them a push normally for Oxbridge application.
00:10:15.220A lot of students were coming in with this, in my opinion, quite myopic view about the application
00:10:20.960of patriarchy theory to some classic texts to the extent that even if they hadn't read
00:10:27.400some particular works they almost already knew what it was about because everything is just
00:10:32.400about patriarchy it's all just men oppressing women now there's some truth to that but it's
00:10:39.460also the case that you should think about things on purpose in a way to challenge your ideas so I
00:10:46.440thought it would be good to get people trying to undermine their own viewpoints if that's what
00:10:51.340they're so entrenched in so a video to shake them out of it okay some people watching this might be
00:10:56.440thinking well what will was actually doing is he was trying to sneak his particular opinion about
00:11:02.040this under the guise of creating debate is there some truth to that are you quite strongly against
00:11:08.940the idea of the patriarchy being you know about oppressing women and women have been historically
00:11:14.640oppressed and all of that or what do you have a personal view on it well the video overlaps with
00:11:19.900my own views and if you look at the conclusion to the video the main points which is that men
00:11:25.400have traditionally been valued for procreating and then providing for women and children protecting
00:11:31.760them i think those are all fairly solid basic family values um there's also the message that
00:11:38.260masculinity because of those three traditional values is essentially the antithesis of paedophilia
00:11:43.740I don't think that's particularly controversial either and there is overlap I would say the video
00:11:49.520is slightly more hard-line Darwinian than my own view of culture and society but Darwinism is
00:11:55.680something the boys cover in science lessons why not see it brought to life with a couple of
00:12:00.080examples from history and video clips and quotations from poems and books. Were you not
00:12:04.860worried Will because you'd already had one complaint against you against it you weren't
00:12:09.960allowed to teach this course, were you not slightly worried about uploading it to a YouTube
00:12:15.740channel to the public, which could be construed, let's be fair, as a two fingers up to your
00:12:21.160employers? Well, it was already on YouTube before I even received the complaint. And once I heard
00:12:26.760that the lecture was cancelled at Eton, I thought, I'd better leave this thing up unless I'm given a
00:12:34.000really good reason to take it down, because there's going to be an investigation into this.
00:12:38.300and I'd like people to see what I'm being investigated for and I'm thankful I did leave
00:12:43.320it up because if you heard that someone had been sacked for a video and then you're wondering what
00:12:49.220might have been in that could lead to some questions but most people can go away and watch
00:12:53.520it and think all right there are some punchy points but nothing that extremely intelligent
00:12:57.600six formers wouldn't be expected to engage with sensibly. So you did it and then what happened?
00:13:04.420well in the end after saying if you tell me what's wrong with the video I'm happy to edit
00:13:10.180out particular bits I think it should go ahead I think it honors our tradition of debate
00:13:14.460getting no response about any particular bits that were problematic it was just the entire
00:13:19.360thing had to come down I was given the ultimatum of take it down and then you'll be investigated
00:13:27.080without being suspended or if you leave it up you'll be suspended and investigated
00:13:32.300so I felt that given that the investigation was happening I was going to leave it up because I
00:13:38.480didn't feel there's anything wrong with the video and then suspended from the college while the
00:13:44.460investigation was ongoing and then after a long process of appeal during which there was a large
00:13:50.640open letter set up by the students signed by nearly 3,000 people saying that we feel this
00:13:56.580debate should have gone ahead, I was dismissed. What I find strange is that if the ideas you
00:14:03.980were presenting were controversial, but they're part of this debating thing that you do at the
00:14:10.500school, I find it very odd that they just wouldn't find someone who would present a
00:14:15.020counter-narrative. Do you have any sense of why the school fell? Did you have like other complaints
00:14:20.440about you in the past where people, you know, upset with you over something else?
00:14:24.600no so this is one of the things that I find chilling about it is that my disciplinary record
00:14:31.360up until now has been perfect and it's held in quite high regard as a teacher by parents and
00:14:37.740students and by colleagues as well so something about this particular video really hit a nerve
00:14:43.840and my thought is that perhaps it is a traditional defense of masculinity at an all-boys school
00:14:52.700and I think all boys environment increasingly nowadays is quite sensitive and nervous about
00:14:58.880that almost embarrassed to be an all boys institution but there's a funny irony about
00:15:03.920that because why are you one then if everybody working there wants to push this viewpoint that
00:15:11.100there's something terrible about masculinity why are you running an institution which
00:15:16.600discriminates against girls at the point of entry I mean it's you know it's a very very interesting
00:15:23.000point that you made so the thing that I find really really worrying about this is that what
00:15:30.900it is saying is that some viewpoints are just not acceptable it's not even that we can't even
00:15:37.200you know support them we can't even say them what do you think that has for education what are the
00:15:44.020impacts of this? Well for one thing it is not in the spirit of the actual government legislation
00:15:50.820the Equality Act which was initially what the college claimed that I'd breached
00:15:57.000specifically excludes curriculum content so this means that teachers are free in theory
00:16:06.080to discuss with classes any ideas no matter how controversial but the argument was that although
00:16:13.900this might apply to students so students are exempt if they make a complaint that they think
00:16:19.740that being asked to explore particular material constitutes harassment or discrimination
00:16:25.180members of staff aren't exempt now if you think what kind of precedent that sets
00:16:32.000you can reduce it to absurdity so let's say that a particular teacher feels like being asked to
00:16:38.560allow students to discuss Othello or to kill a mockingbird creates a hostile environment well
00:16:44.640that's harassment then and that text has to go and once you start down that route of one person
00:16:50.940being offended by being asked to allow students to study curriculum material it's difficult to
00:16:56.440see where you end and you were talking before that you felt the job was disappearing before
00:17:02.700your very eyes I don't mean to misquiet you I think that's what you said yeah that's part that
00:17:07.680what you've just said is part of it what else do you mean by that well I went into education into
00:17:14.040Eton in particular because I like the excitement of rigorous discussion of debate I like challenging
00:17:21.300not just other people's viewpoints but my own as well and this is why free speech is so so valuable
00:17:26.740because it enables that kind of discussion that means that the rough edges can be taken off ideas
00:17:32.020and one question people often have is well do you think everything in the video is uh completely
00:17:38.740true the whole point is that i'm not actually really sure and the discussion should be had so
00:17:44.020we can all learn more from it like the proverb says the pearl is formed by abrasion we need the
00:17:50.380marketplace of ideas to be able to actually find out which ones stand the test of that kind of
00:17:56.180conflict that makes sense and uh i don't remember exactly but i remember reading something from a
00:18:03.380parent at the school who'd made a few comments about the general atmosphere and particularly
00:18:08.760the leadership what was it like working at eton and what was the overall sense around some of
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