TRIGGERnometry - June 01, 2025


The 4 Big Lies We Tell to Parents


Episode Stats


Length

1 hour and 11 minutes

Words per minute

173.74165

Word count

12,370

Sentence count

786

Harmful content

Misogyny

24

sentences flagged

Toxicity

11

sentences flagged

Hate speech

29

sentences flagged


Summary

Summaries generated with gmurro/bart-large-finetuned-filtered-spotify-podcast-summ .

In this episode, Dr. Erica Kogan talks with Dr. Kelly about her new book, "Motherhood and the Early Years: Why Babies Need Their Mom" and why it's so important for them to have a mom in their lives.

Transcript

Transcript generated with Whisper (turbo).
Misogyny classifications generated with MilaNLProc/bert-base-uncased-ear-misogyny .
Toxicity classifications generated with s-nlp/roberta_toxicity_classifier .
Hate speech classifications generated with facebook/roberta-hate-speech-dynabench-r4-target .
00:00:00.000 What matters more to our society right now, which means our values are very screwed up,
00:00:06.920 is the GDP and our economy, rather than what's actually good for the mental health of our children.
00:00:13.020 We're seeing almost immediately that babies' stress levels are so high,
00:00:16.700 they're developing anxiety, depression, ADHD, and more aggression.
00:00:21.580 I blame the fragility of our young people and the fact that they're breaking down
00:00:25.920 on the fact that the adults in the room were not doing their job. 0.62
00:00:29.620 You are responsible for your children's mental illness. 0.82
00:00:33.500 So we talked about the lies we tell women and mothers. 0.83
00:00:36.540 What are the lies we tell men and fathers?
00:00:40.540 Erica, great to have you on Trigonometry.
00:00:42.720 Thank you for having me.
00:00:43.760 And the reason is great to have you on.
00:00:45.080 You are super controversial.
00:00:47.260 You wrote this book in which you suggest that the mothers are really good for their kids.
00:00:51.480 Is that right?
00:00:52.380 Yes.
00:00:52.860 It shouldn't be controversial, but yes.
00:00:56.780 I'm joking around, obviously.
00:00:58.120 But what you wrote the book about, essentially, the central theme is,
00:01:01.340 particularly in the first three years, babies and toddlers really need their mom around.
00:01:06.400 And that seems like actually is quite a difficult thing to say in the modern world.
00:01:11.380 But you can't even use the term mother in some places.
00:01:13.840 In Northern Europe now, in some countries, you're not even allowed to use the term mother.
00:01:17.460 At the UN, they won't let you use the term mother.
00:01:20.320 So yeah, it is problematic.
00:01:22.900 Yeah.
00:01:23.040 And why can't you use the term mother?
00:01:25.020 Because they feel everything has to be gender neutral and that mothers are exactly the same
00:01:29.620 as fathers.
00:01:30.280 And the truth is that there are a lot of ways in which men and women are the same, but there's
00:01:34.840 a lot of ways in which we're different.
00:01:36.260 And one of the ways in which we're different is how we nurture children.
00:01:41.740 Imagine that.
00:01:42.620 Well, the reason I think, again, we're joking around, but actually, I think the reason it
00:01:47.460 is a difficult thing to talk about is not actually that a bunch of snowflakes are offended.
00:01:52.980 But I think the nature of our modern world has changed so much that a lot of women really 1.00
00:01:58.640 feel a tremendous amount of pressure to get back to work.
00:02:02.220 And that pressure is often economic.
00:02:03.920 It's some of it is cultural, some of it's societal.
00:02:06.940 And it's just a difficult message for some people to hear because maybe they don't have
00:02:11.220 that choice nowadays.
00:02:12.620 Is that fair?
00:02:13.480 Yeah, there's a huge rise in postpartum depression.
00:02:17.660 Really?
00:02:18.760 It's very, very high now.
00:02:21.360 In some places, as high as 30 percent.
00:02:25.840 And one of the reasons that I see for that in my practice is that women, from the moment 1.00
00:02:31.500 they get pregnant, are conflicted.
00:02:33.500 They feel a terrific amount of conflict.
00:02:35.720 And when they have a baby, even if they have time off, they are always preoccupied with
00:02:42.120 when they're going to go back.
00:02:43.780 So it's very hard for women to relax and feel that their role is valuable and their time
00:02:49.560 is valuable and well spent because they feel a lot of internal turmoil and conflict.
00:02:53.820 And we've done that to women and to men.
00:02:56.960 We've created this conflict where we can't just say, sort of like just being able to say
00:03:03.220 mothers are important. 1.00
00:03:04.640 We can't just say being with your children in those early years is just really critically
00:03:09.220 important and relax into it and enjoy it.
00:03:12.580 And you have a long life and you can do everything in your life.
00:03:16.120 You can be successful with your career, but just not all at the same time.
00:03:20.900 And you say all this stuff about how it's better for mothers. 0.88
00:03:25.000 What's wrong with sending your six-month-old to a nursery, to daycare?
00:03:29.700 So daycare, for a variety of reasons, is very bad for children.
00:03:34.440 The right brain, the social-emotional part of the brain, is 85 percent developed by the
00:03:39.580 age of three.
00:03:41.020 And mothers perform a number of things, a number of roles in those first three years
00:03:46.080 that helps that right brain to grow.
00:03:47.940 One of the things they do is buffer children from stress.
00:03:51.140 That's one of their major roles.
00:03:52.860 In most parts of the world, babies are worn on their mother's bodies to keep the cortisol
00:03:56.800 levels down, to raise the oxytocin levels, which is the love hormone, and to keep the stress
00:04:02.240 levels, the cortisol hormone, down.
00:04:05.380 And what we're doing is we're separating mothers and babies at such an early age that it's 0.75
00:04:10.020 stimulating the stress-regulating part of the brain, the amygdala, which is meant to remain
00:04:15.120 offline for the first year.
00:04:17.620 Baby's stress levels are supposed to be very, very low while their brains are developing
00:04:23.000 in the first year.
00:04:23.960 When we separate a mother from a baby, that baby no longer feels safe because they need 1.00
00:04:28.940 something called attachment security.
00:04:31.160 And it creates a great amount of stress.
00:04:33.120 The salivary cortisol levels go up very high.
00:04:36.120 Those babies have a higher incidence of things like aggression, behavioral problems, and anxiety
00:04:42.880 later in their school, and even immediately.
00:04:46.540 I mean, we're seeing almost immediately that babies' stress levels are so high, they're developing
00:04:51.160 anxiety, depression, ADHD, and more aggression.
00:04:55.540 And so, you know, basically separating mothers and babies or separating babies from their primary
00:05:03.180 attachment figures in those early years causes too much stress for that baby's brain.
00:05:08.340 So do you think, Erica, a lot of the issues that we're seeing with our youngsters now, the
00:05:12.920 Gen Z generation, can be tracked right the way back to the way that we raise them as infants? 0.71
00:05:18.440 Oh, absolutely.
00:05:19.100 Um, not just Gen Z, but, you know, even before that, you know, so this started, you would say
00:05:26.180 the movement to separate mothers and babies, I mean, I suppose you could say historically
00:05:30.780 it started with the industrial revolution when mothers went to factories, but really when 0.88
00:05:34.820 it picked up speed is the 60s when we started talking about feminism and the me generation
00:05:40.100 and individuality and how important it was to pursue your own personal ambitions and personal
00:05:46.560 desires and pleasure, and it was all about pleasure.
00:05:50.480 And so what we did is we diminished the role of caregiving in society because it was hard,
00:05:58.440 because it was a responsible role, because it requires sacrifice.
00:06:02.400 And so when that happened and women were pushed to go out into the work world when they had very 1.00
00:06:09.200 young children, I mean, Gloria Steinem said to women, if you don't work out in the work world, 1.00
00:06:13.820 you are not part of our movement. And these were to women who already had young children. 0.53
00:06:18.940 Um, and she said things like your kids will be just fine. And our kids are not just fine,
00:06:23.120 particularly in the early years when mothers disappear. Um, so babies are born incredibly
00:06:29.080 neurologically and emotionally fragile, right? We know that, that the first three years,
00:06:33.980 babies are not like other creatures ready to go. They're very fragile. And the thing that
00:06:39.620 helps them to develop in a healthy way is that buffering from stress, but also mothers do this 0.76
00:06:45.180 other important thing, which is they regulate baby's emotions from moment to moment. Every time
00:06:49.700 a mother soothes a baby that's in distress, she's actually regulating their emotions. So babies aren't 0.80
00:06:54.880 born with the ability to regulate their emotions. So Gen Z, the millennials, these were generations that
00:07:00.880 were anxiety and depression, which are disorders of emotional regulation. People cannot regulate their
00:07:07.240 emotions. Um, I always say that, you know, when you're a baby, you're born with the ability to
00:07:11.920 go from zero to 60 in three seconds with your emotions. You can go from being happy, happy,
00:07:15.920 happy to being, you know, sort of like sailing a sailboat in the Atlantic in a storm. That's how
00:07:22.380 babies are born. And it's only because mothers are physically and emotionally present to, to soothe the
00:07:28.460 baby when they're in distress, to help the baby to regulate emotions, that it's more like sailing in the
00:07:32.820 Caribbean. You know, it's interesting what you say about removing mothers from babies. And there's 0.99
00:07:38.680 going to be a lot of moms watching this. And there's a lot of young women who are going, well,
00:07:43.660 what can I do? Because this is a society that we live in. The economic realities, whatever you want
00:07:50.700 to call, whatever you want to call it, hypercapitalism, blah, blah, blah. It has effectively
00:07:55.500 meant that the vast majority of people can't rely on a one parent income. So what I would say is
00:08:03.720 strategize for those couples that don't have children, strategize. Think of raising a child
00:08:08.360 as a team sport. So, um, do without when you can do without in the early years, if you have to do
00:08:14.540 without, um, if you can, right. And if you can't, then there's a hierarchy to childcare that is better
00:08:21.340 for children than daycare. Um, the best is your primary attachment figure. The next best is
00:08:26.540 something called kinship bond. So it would be your dad or your aunt or your grandmother or your next
00:08:32.440 door neighbor. Who's aunt Julie, who's like family to you. And this has a more similar investment in
00:08:38.080 your life and will be around forever. Um, that would be the next best kind of care. Then would be
00:08:44.080 a babysitter or nanny, which most people can't afford one babysitter or nanny, which is what's best.
00:08:49.460 It's called single surrogate caregiving. Um, if you can't afford that, then share the care with
00:08:55.060 another family, get your best friend and say, let's share the cost of a nanny or a babysitter. 1.00
00:09:00.480 And that's already going to be better for children than if they go into daycare. Um,
00:09:06.120 minimize your time at work whenever possible, maximize your time with your children, because
00:09:10.920 there is no such thing as quality time. That is a ruse. That is a myth. Uh, it was invented
00:09:16.600 in a time of pushing women economically to go back into the workforce. So basically what matters
00:09:22.780 more to our society right now, which means our values are very screwed up is the GDP and our
00:09:28.540 economy rather than what's actually good for the mental health of our children. Because it seems to
00:09:34.120 me, and I think you'd agree with this, that women have been sold a lie, Erica. Absolutely. 0.78
00:09:38.760 They've been told that they can have it or you can have the great job. You can have,
00:09:42.120 you can be a COO, a COO, you can raise four kids. You can do, but that's patently a nonsense,
00:09:48.960 isn't it? More than that. Yes. That that's all nonsense because you can have it all in life. I
00:09:54.860 mean, I'm a good example. My career didn't really begin in earnest till I was in my fifties when I
00:09:59.960 wrote a book until then, my practice was so very, very, very small because I would not leave my
00:10:05.200 children for more than an hour and a half a day. Um, and so we got by, but we gave up a lot. We didn't
00:10:11.360 take vacations. We didn't have cars, fancy cars. We didn't, you know, we didn't buy things. We just
00:10:17.400 said, we're not going to buy things. We're a team. You're going to work. I said to my husband,
00:10:21.260 and I'm going to work a very little, just enough to add to the income, but we're going to, we're
00:10:26.240 going to hold back on income until our children were older. So it takes strategy. And, and I do think
00:10:33.620 it's possible, but I think you have to get your mindset right around it first. I think even for,
00:10:38.980 for people who are socioeconomically less privileged, I think there are ways of maximizing
00:10:46.180 your time with your children. One of those ways in my book, Being There, I interviewed people from
00:10:51.940 all socioeconomic backgrounds and the ones who did the best with their children were the ones who,
00:10:58.580 when they weren't working, devoted their time to their children. So if you have to work to put a roof
00:11:04.660 over your children's head or food on the table, then the answer is when you come home at night,
00:11:09.300 you belong to your children. Your weekends belong to your children. Um, and that's hard for parents
00:11:14.980 to hear because we're so much into take care of yourself. And it's so, but the truth is that if
00:11:19.780 your children haven't seen you all day, then you need to compensate by being there as much as possible.
00:11:25.280 And it's a really important point because as somebody who used to teach for longer than I care to
00:11:31.080 remember, um, one of the things I noticed was that if a parent wasn't there, if a caregiver wasn't
00:11:36.600 there, what immediately the kid would gravitate to is a screen. Yes. And that brings a whole host of
00:11:43.060 other problems on top of what we're already talking about. Because another function of parents is they
00:11:47.700 help to stimulate children, right? They stimulate their brains. Uh, they stimulate them in so many ways.
00:11:53.260 And so if you're not there to stimulate your child, interact with them, basically just basic
00:11:58.000 interaction, talking to them, reading to them, um, then they're going to have to interact with
00:12:03.460 their media, with their technology. So, um, yeah, I mean, it's, it, and again, I, I do encourage
00:12:10.260 it. It's, it's easy for us to say that, you know, you can't afford it. What I say to parents is before
00:12:17.260 you say that, before it jumps out of your mouth that you can't afford it, sit down with your partner.
00:12:22.280 If you have one, sit down with your parents. If you're a single parent, sit down with your,
00:12:26.580 your extended family and figure out a way to work less. If you have to work to work less,
00:12:34.020 um, you know, the goal in life is work less, make more. So maybe you have a goal of having the kind
00:12:40.140 of job where you work by the hour and make more per hour, but work less hours. So you have more
00:12:45.700 time with your children, maximize the time with your children. That's what I would say.
00:12:50.260 And you mentioned, uh, a few things that are interesting to tie together. I mean,
00:12:54.800 first of all, you mentioned feminism and that's an interesting avenue for us to explore. Um, 0.99
00:12:59.580 because feminism, as I understand it, was a movement for the liberation of women. At least 1.00
00:13:03.300 that's how it's been presented. Um, but the problem is with what you're saying is you, you are putting
00:13:10.620 a framework of parenthood that is not liberating. It's constraining, right? You're saying you must
00:13:17.140 sacrifice of yourself for this thing that you chose to bring into the world. That's the opposite
00:13:22.000 of liberation in the way that we now understand it. So unpack that for us. Can you be a feminist 1.00
00:13:26.880 and also believe what you believe? I'm a feminist, but feminism really was, 1.00
00:13:31.240 was meant to give women choice. The word is choice. You have a choice to have a child or not to have a
00:13:37.980 child. Now you can have a very linear, uh, almost masculine feeling career because masculine careers 0.98
00:13:44.220 were linear. They could be linear, right? And so you can do that and not have children and you can
00:13:49.900 still have a very fulfilling life. And I don't encourage people to have children if they don't
00:13:54.740 want to care for children. So many years before me, Penelope Leach said, if you don't want to care
00:13:59.600 for your children, don't have them. Right. And that still stands today. Um, you don't have to have
00:14:05.600 children to have, um, a good life. You can have a wonderful generative life with being generative in
00:14:11.480 other ways. But if you're going to bring a soul into this world, you are responsible for that
00:14:16.900 person. You are responsible that you get them from point A to point B and, and help them to be as
00:14:23.200 healthy as possible. And that is your responsibility. Um, and so we haven't really talked about
00:14:28.420 responsibility to parents because we're so fixed on talking about personal freedom, but the reality
00:14:34.380 is you are not going to raise healthy children if you don't grasp and take joy in the responsibility.
00:14:40.600 So I can only use my father as an example. My father took such great joy in being a father,
00:14:48.160 you know, caring for us, providing for us, providing for my mother. So she could look after us. 0.98
00:14:53.600 It gave him such pleasure to care for us. It wasn't a burden. He didn't opine about how hard it was and
00:15:01.080 he didn't feel competitive with my mother to stay home. And, you know, he just felt such joy and
00:15:07.080 pleasure in caring for his family. And my mother felt great joy and pleasure in caring for us.
00:15:12.900 And so what's happened to the world that both men and women feel so angry and resentful and burdened, 0.63
00:15:21.200 um, and uncomfortable with the role of being parents.
00:15:26.220 What has happened to the world?
00:15:28.560 Well, I mean, I think we haven't been honest. I think there's a lot we haven't been honest.
00:15:32.720 We haven't been honest about the fact that having a child and raising a child is much harder than we
00:15:41.000 tell them and we should tell them. So for instance, you should tell parents you will not sleep for five
00:15:45.800 years, period. And that way they won't sleep train their children and destroy their children's brain
00:15:51.900 cells. I mean, I can tell you right now, it is devastating when parents come into me and say,
00:15:57.120 I sleep train my child and my child has never been the same emotionally, neurologically.
00:16:02.720 You are basically...
00:16:04.080 Tell our audience, Erica, because this is something I have some horrifying stories,
00:16:08.100 just anecdotally of people, the things people say, and they don't even understand what they're
00:16:12.040 saying. A friend of mine said to me, oh, we're just sleep training our baby. And he gave himself
00:16:17.040 a nosebleed and, you know, and, but explain to people, what is sleep training? Why is it bad for
00:16:22.640 kids? And all of that.
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00:17:52.120 Well, all I can say is if you saw an adult hysterically crying and desperately afraid,
00:17:58.540 you would never just let them go. You would never shut the door in their face, right? But we tell
00:18:03.160 parents to do that with their babies. We tell them to put their babies in a room, to let them cry until 0.86
00:18:09.440 the point of vomiting and hysteria, and raise their cortisol levels past the point of them being able
00:18:15.760 to ever process any of that stress. And we tell them not only that it's okay, but it's ideal,
00:18:22.280 right? Because what we're valuing is parents' comfort over children's comfort. In the first year in
00:18:28.560 particular, children's comfort has to come first, not parents' comfort. And so this is the myth that we
00:18:37.080 teach parents that you can have children and nothing will change. You can have children and
00:18:42.820 your comfort will never be disrupted. It's not painful. Everything will stay the same. And this
00:18:49.940 is a lie. When you have a baby, well, you have a baby. I don't know if you have a baby. Okay,
00:18:55.460 but you have a baby. Look at my face. This is what you look like. Two and a half years of no sleep.
00:18:59.960 Look at me. And five is the number. So, you know, when you have a baby.
00:19:03.760 I thought this was going to be a depressing episode anyway, but now it's got personal. But
00:19:07.240 thank you, Erica. When you have a baby, everything changes. Everything changes. And so we do not tell
00:19:14.440 people that. We need to tell young people, but it changes for the good if you're healthy. So what I
00:19:21.060 say to mothers is giving birth is a psychotic event, right? You have this little person moving, 1.00
00:19:27.940 a little alien coming out of your body in the most dramatic, bloody scene. If you've watched the
00:19:34.180 birth of your child, yet it's beautiful, right? How do we say? But it's absolutely beautiful,
00:19:39.140 but it's very dramatic. So. Not literally. It's literally not beautiful at all. Okay.
00:19:45.160 Metaphorically. When that, you could say that a door opens when a woman gives birth. Yes. 0.98
00:19:50.220 That door is either opened to a past of a joyful, loving relationship with her mother and father,
00:19:59.560 particularly her mother, or a painful one. So that door can be, it's like Alice in Wonderland. That door
00:20:08.420 can be either a door to a loving, attentive, connected past, in which case the moment of looking at your
00:20:17.280 baby is the most joyful experience because you're connecting with your loving mother in that moment.
00:20:24.220 If, however, you were, your mother was depressed, narcissistic, absent, resentful, angry, abusive,
00:20:32.460 the door that opens that may have been closed for many years because we say repression is a great
00:20:38.080 defense of it lasts a lifetime. You basically forget you get amnesia. When that door opens,
00:20:43.640 all of the amnesia is let loose, right? All of the memories are let loose of a painful childhood.
00:20:50.380 And that's when postpartum depression sets in. You could say that the hormones connected with
00:20:55.640 having a baby, um, will either, uh, motivate those happy feelings or motivate those very,
00:21:05.380 very severely depressed feelings. Um, and it depends on your childhood.
00:21:10.080 Well, Erica, so just to be clear, uh, what you're saying is women are more likely to have postpartum
00:21:16.180 depression if their childhood was suboptimal. Absolutely. If the, if the relationship with
00:21:21.500 their mother was either full of conflict or if they had a depressed mother or a narcissistic mother,
00:21:27.860 if they were neglected or abused in any way, uh, emotionally and or physically, um, the door that
00:21:34.860 opens is that door. That's interesting. It's maps onto something very, very, I'm not an expert,
00:21:41.000 obviously, but I've been saying whenever people ask me, I'm like, whatever skill you lack or whatever 0.99
00:21:45.480 shit you haven't worked out before you have a baby. Like if you don't know how to drive, if you don't 0.99
00:21:49.340 have to do this, if you don't have to do your taxes, like learn that before you have kids,
00:21:52.920 because the amount of time you have, it's going to go through the floor and stuff will come up.
00:21:56.860 That's unprocessed, right? Yep. Yep. I mean, I can tell you some other lies that we tell parents.
00:22:01.100 Oh God. Okay. Okay. Well the quality versus quantity time, there's no such thing as quality
00:22:05.920 time. If you want to raise healthy children, you need quantity time. Okay. But there's a myth that
00:22:10.320 we're telling women, which is that they can have children later if they freeze their eggs. It's a 0.99
00:22:15.960 crazy myth. Um, and some of them can, and some of them can't. So, um, my son's girlfriend, um, is,
00:22:23.820 is working in a law firm and, um, the law firm has said basically they will pay for the freezing of
00:22:30.280 eggs to women. And it's a manipulative way of getting them to work many, many more years 1.00
00:22:35.220 intensely. And they said, don't worry, you can have a baby when you're in your forties.
00:22:39.760 And what's happening is women are getting to their forties and the eggs that they froze don't 1.00
00:22:44.400 necessarily turn into embryos and the embryos don't necessarily turn into babies. And then they're
00:22:49.980 bereft because they were lied to. So we, we are telling a lot of lies, um, to accommodate to a
00:22:57.120 narrative that is quite an unhealthy narrative. It's that to me seems like the worst type of lie
00:23:05.920 because that is, it it's, it's one thing to lie. And it's another thing to intentionally gaslight
00:23:13.260 an entire gender, many of whom desperately want children and you were selling them down the river 1.00
00:23:20.640 so that you can make more money out. Well, that's, that's, that was my thought. I,
00:23:24.680 I almost fell on the floor when I heard that. So that, that was my thought too.
00:23:29.000 But that's tragic. It is tragic. It is tragic. There are a lot of lies that we're telling that
00:23:33.980 are tragic. I mean, you know, even just the lie I mentioned of nothing changes, no, everything
00:23:38.540 changes. And, and in a good way, um, you know, having a baby, as you know, is the most joyful
00:23:45.560 experience, but it's also painful because, you know, in Judaism, we say there is no joy without pain.
00:23:51.720 There is no light without dark. Um, the, the, the pain helps us to appreciate the beauty of things
00:23:58.060 and the joy of things. So, you know, this idea that if I'm a little uncomfortable, then it's all
00:24:03.600 about me is part of, and again, I'm not blaming the younger generations. Let me say that what I am
00:24:10.800 blaming is societal political movements that created a narrative that, um, caregiving is not
00:24:20.280 valuable and that everything else that involved career, um, making money and materialism, uh, high
00:24:29.120 achievement and fame, that success was defined in such a way that it, it became perverse. And that's,
00:24:36.180 I blame the fragility of our young people and the fact that they're breaking down
00:24:40.820 on the fact that the adults in the room were not doing their job.
00:24:46.060 That's something that I wanted to talk about because when I was a teacher, I worked in very
00:24:50.580 socio economically deprived areas, incredibly deprived, uh, in East London, a couple of miles
00:24:57.320 away from here, which is some of the way that kids were raised is heartbreaking. And one of the
00:25:02.800 things I noticed was the profound effect, not having a father in the home and the damage it did
00:25:11.560 to children, boys and girls, but in very different ways. So can we talk about that a
00:25:16.120 little bit? Because I feel this is really important. So my original intention was to write a book about
00:25:21.000 motherhood and fatherhood. But when I really wrote my book about motherhood, I looked out there and
00:25:25.740 there were so many people that were writing books about fatherhood that were wonderful. So I felt I,
00:25:29.660 you know, in that space, it had been covered, but I can tell you what is so important. People like
00:25:35.240 Alan Shore and Richard Reeves and, um, Will and Warren Farrell have written books about, about, um,
00:25:41.520 fatherhood and how important it is. But basically the reason fatherhood is so, so very important is
00:25:47.440 that fathers do something very different than mothers. So mothers provide sensitive, empathic
00:25:53.100 nurturing, nurturing, soothing babies in distress, helping to regulate sadness, fear. Um, and, and so
00:25:59.640 we, we know that, right? Fathers regulate excitement, aggression, and if you don't, and impulsivity, if you
00:26:08.580 don't have a father present enough, then little boys in particular, but little girls too, don't learn
00:26:14.240 to regulate impulsive feelings. They don't learn to regulate excitement. They don't learn to regulate
00:26:20.240 aggression. And what's been found is when fathers don't live in the home, little boys are far more
00:26:25.040 aggressive, far more impulsive than when there's a father around. Fathers model how you regulate
00:26:31.720 angry feelings, a healthy father, how you regulate aggression. Um, fathers also, uh, you know, they're,
00:26:39.580 they're responsible for separation. So I always say mothers are really good at attachment security,
00:26:43.620 but if a father isn't present to do what we call playful tactile stimulation, which encourages
00:26:50.980 little boys and little girls, but particularly little boys to explore, to explore the world
00:26:56.780 because otherwise they have a very hard time leaving the attachment secure object, right? So the idea is
00:27:03.700 that fathers help to seduce the, their, their children away from the mothers. And so it's a great 0.98
00:27:10.260 duo. It's like a great team. It's teamwork. Think that it took thousands of years evolutionarily
00:27:16.740 to create a system where males and females were, were a team, right? They didn't do the same thing
00:27:23.700 because think about it. We don't have companies that are successful with co-CEOs. Do you know one
00:27:28.300 company that has co-CEOs? So what we've created is a competitive, uh, environment for men and women
00:27:36.300 where they're competing against one another rather than complimenting one another.
00:27:41.040 And that is one of the real tragedies of society where men and women now see each other as competition.
00:27:48.600 They do.
00:27:49.060 It's now seen as a battle of the sexes. And because of many different types of political movement and
00:27:55.880 narratives that have been put into place in social media, there now seems to be a fundamental distrust,
00:28:01.580 particularly in Gen Z between males and females. And you think to yourself, watching the discourse
00:28:06.960 that happens online, now I know that online isn't the real world, but it still has a very profound
00:28:11.700 effect. You go, how are we meant to have happy, healthy relationships when the prevailing feeling
00:28:19.880 is one of mutual distrust between the genders? That is a recipe for disaster, isn't it?
00:28:25.380 Well, it is a recipe for disaster and the relationships are showing what a disaster it is.
00:28:30.040 I mean, um, it's interesting because in raising women up, which we needed to do because women were 1.00
00:28:39.220 downtrodden at some point in raising women up, we denigrated men. So you could say that it was a
00:28:45.100 very important movement, but we didn't know when to stop. We sort of overshot our mark. Um, and so
00:28:51.240 men are diminished now, boys are diminished now to the extent that I think 60% of undergrad students are
00:28:57.220 women in graduate schools as well. And the statistics say that women will marry at their educational
00:29:04.840 level or above men at their educational level or below. And what's happening is that, uh, men and
00:29:10.760 women are not coming together because women are not choosing, you know, in most mammals and some birds, 0.88
00:29:17.180 the women choose. And so women are not choosing the men because they're not as educated. They're not as 0.68
00:29:22.720 successful. They're not making as much money. And so then you have this entire population of women 1.00
00:29:28.740 who are having children on their own as single mothers, what we call single mothers by choice,
00:29:33.220 because they say they don't want to be with any of the men. So in overshooting our mark, um,
00:29:39.100 even in nursery school in New York, where my kids went to a nursery school, they, when they did
00:29:44.280 the admissions to the schools, they said, well, we have to balance our class. That was their way of
00:29:49.800 saying we were going to take half boys and half girls. That was their way of saying, we're going
00:29:53.540 to, I mean, they balanced it in other ways to alpha kids and beta kids. And, but mostly it was
00:29:58.700 half girls and half boys. And the idea was you kept the balance because you needed to keep the balance.
00:30:04.160 So, you know, again, I think, so things, the scales need to be rebalanced because we are educating
00:30:11.780 little boys like little girls. We're putting them in classrooms, expecting them to sit in circle time 1.00
00:30:17.040 quietly for, for, um, you know, 20, 30, 40 minutes. They can't do that. Little boys are not programmed
00:30:23.420 to sit quietly. So we're trying to educate boys like girls. And then boys are getting frustrated.
00:30:29.180 Boys are not successful. They're developing attentional issues because it's a sign of stress
00:30:34.660 and they're labeled. And now they're on a marginalized path. And so they don't do as well in school.
00:30:40.820 Right. So from the very beginning, we are mistreating boys now. The other thing I just quickly want to
00:30:47.400 say is that boys neurologically are more fragile than girls from birth, from in utero. So some of the
00:30:54.420 reason they say there's a higher rate of autism in boys is because the stress in utero affects boys
00:30:59.820 more than girls. But when they come out, you, you know, the statistic is that there are more boys born in
00:31:07.600 the world, but more girls survive because the boys don't survive. So we know that neurologically boys are
00:31:14.280 more fragile. They're more susceptible to stress. They're more sensitive to stress. So we are diminishing
00:31:20.500 our boys who then become men. They are now diminished. They develop more depression, more anxiety. And those
00:31:27.760 that men and women aren't pairing like they used to. And there's something else as well. There's, I don't know
00:31:34.380 if this, I presume it's the same in the States, but there was a piece of educational research in the
00:31:38.620 UK that really struck me, which is we discipline our boys far harsher than we do our girls. A boy,
00:31:46.000 if he does something is far more likely to, to get more harshly punished for the same misdemeanor than a
00:31:53.440 girl is. That's, that's probably true again. And the absence of fathers who help their boys to
00:32:00.540 understand appropriate behavior and ways of channeling and sublimating their aggression,
00:32:05.820 you know, channeling it appropriately means that boys are growing up more aggressive and more out of
00:32:10.800 control with more behavioral problems. Um, and so, yeah, that is, that is a problem in society. We are,
00:32:18.320 we are seeing boys as, um, as we're not really understanding the sensitivity issue in boys.
00:32:25.160 Do you think that's wrong, Erica? And I'm just playing devil's advocate perhaps,
00:32:28.120 but I kind of understand why you might be a little bit stricter with boys because
00:32:32.880 if you were, if effectively, if you were training a gorilla or a chihuahua, like there would be a
00:32:38.660 difference to how you put, how you treated their expressions of aggression because a gorilla can
00:32:43.200 do a lot more damage. Do you see what I'm saying? Yeah. So the best way to do the word discipline
00:32:48.240 actually comes from the word disciple. It means to teach by example. It doesn't mean to punish.
00:32:54.520 There's no punishment in there. And so even the choice of the word punishment, I think is meaningful
00:33:01.260 because in society, we think of regulating aggression as punishment, but in fact, regulating
00:33:05.500 aggression is fathers teaching their sons how to behave. How do you handle anger, daddy? How do you
00:33:12.260 handle your aggressive feelings? What do you do? Well, son, I go out and I kick a ball around and I play
00:33:18.060 basketball and, you know, and I, you know, play the drums and, you know, um, so it, there's the,
00:33:25.520 the absence of fathers is a detriment to boys because boys don't learn how to regulate their
00:33:31.780 aggression in other ways than punishment. Punishment should always be a last resort when you're raising
00:33:37.680 children. You're modeling, you're modeling behavior, you're teaching. That's one of your main roles
00:33:43.980 as a parent is, is a teacher. Um, so imagine if you hired a teacher to teach emotional regulation,
00:33:54.420 to teach resilience, distress, to teach, um, appropriate behavior, to teach values, but they
00:34:01.760 only showed up one and a half hours a day. The Pew research did, um, a piece of research that said
00:34:07.960 that in America, uh, parents are spending about 90 minutes a day with their children. So can you
00:34:15.220 imagine if you hired a teacher to teach your children, but they only showed up 90 minutes a
00:34:18.500 day? How, how well would your children be raised? And Erica, we've obviously talked a lot about
00:34:25.260 mothers and where society encourages them to go wrong and how we might, you know, modify that if in an
00:34:31.320 ideal world. What about fathers? Because, you know, I'm a father. Uh, I also have a career. I'm trying to
00:34:36.620 do things in the world as you are and provide for my family and balance all of those. And, you know,
00:34:42.040 I would say on a working day, I probably spend about an hour, an hour and a half with my son.
00:34:47.220 And then on the weekend, I tried to be around a lot more. Should, you know, if you, if someone is
00:34:51.800 listening to it in a similar position, they may be really desperately trying to provide the
00:34:56.320 opportunity for their partner to not go to work. They feel like, you know, in order to make that
00:35:00.960 happen, I really, someone's going to have to work here, like outside the home, right?
00:35:04.340 So what's the right way for a dad to be in the modern world? What's the healthy way for a dad
00:35:09.640 to behave? Well, listen, the traditional way was that, um, very young children under the age of
00:35:14.660 three had a primary attachment figure present and fathers spent as much time as they could with
00:35:20.760 children, um, with that playful, physical, playful, tactile stimulation, throwing the baby up in the air,
00:35:26.980 tickling the baby, chasing the baby around. That's a way to help teach children about, um, regulation
00:35:32.320 of, of aggression. Um, and, and what I say is more is more, and, and I'll leave it at that and say
00:35:38.600 more is more, the more you can be there, the better, but there are also the realities of life
00:35:43.100 that you have to earn a living. And if you're a team and you're doing tag team and you're making
00:35:47.100 more money so your wife can stay home, what I would say is if you're a father of a little boy,
00:35:51.700 but even a little girl, but even more of a little boy, um, you need to save time every single day.
00:35:58.660 So fathers get into a mindset and they say, well, um, I'm gone before they wake up in the morning.
00:36:04.140 And well, I have an hour at the end of the day with my son. What I would say is that's probably
00:36:09.140 not enough. Um, and if you're going to work that hard and you come home and you, you only have an
00:36:15.100 hour with your son, you need to leave more time for that play, right? So you can play basketball with
00:36:20.420 the little mini basketball hoop in their room or so you can wrestle and your wife can yell at you 0.94
00:36:25.480 because you're overstimulating the baby and that's all part of it. Right. So, um, more is more. And
00:36:30.720 that doesn't mean that you have to be there every single minute of the day with the mother. Otherwise,
00:36:35.060 then you're not a team, then you're competing. Um, but, but more is, but look, I won't be offended
00:36:40.560 if you're like Constantine, you're a shit father. Like you need to be there three hours a day. I'm, 0.99
00:36:44.660 I'm interested in what you as an expert in this would say is a healthy, correct amount.
00:36:50.320 So what's really healthy is to be there at transitional times as much as possible.
00:36:54.480 Transitional times. Yes. Waking up in the morning. Um, if you can going to school,
00:37:00.100 but a lot of fathers aren't around for that. Um, and at the end of the day, when they're
00:37:05.140 kind of taking off their, Mr. Rogers was a TV show in America, Fred Rogers, and he had this way of
00:37:11.040 coming into his studio and he would take off his street clothes and he would put on his sweater,
00:37:16.540 his Mr. Rogers sweater in America. This was a educational television for children. He was
00:37:21.360 wonderful. The idea is when you come home and you take off your street clothes and you put on your
00:37:26.620 dad clothes, um, you know, it's, it's being there as much as you possibly can for your son at
00:37:33.520 transitional times, waking up, going to sleep, but before going to sleep, you need to leave at least
00:37:39.140 an hour, if not two hours. So in the 1950s, everybody ranks on the 1950s and I understand why,
00:37:45.720 but leave it to beaver was a TV show in America where the dad came home every day at five 30
00:37:51.300 and was there for the baseball games of the kids and, you know, ate dinner and they watched TV
00:37:57.120 together. They went for a walk around the block together, whatever they did. Right. So that time,
00:38:03.420 which is transitioning from your day to your evening, and then transitioning from your evening
00:38:08.360 to your bath time and your bath time to your bedtime and your bedtime to sleep. Those are transitions.
00:38:13.480 The more transitions you can be there for the better. Well, that's what I do. So we usually
00:38:17.700 have breakfast together before I go. Yeah. And then an evening I come home, we play around,
00:38:22.120 we have dinner and then a bath time and bedtime. That's right. Yeah. And what I would say is don't
00:38:26.820 get so fixed on your children needing a lot of sleep. If you haven't been able to be there during
00:38:31.680 the day, whether you're a woman or a man, um, you need to extend their day. I mean, you know,
00:38:37.440 the expression in my field is it's either front loaded or back loaded. They need what they need
00:38:42.100 and they're going to get what they need. And so parents will say, Oh, my child's so hard to go
00:38:46.100 to sleep after I come home from work. I'm like, because they haven't seen you all day and they're
00:38:51.120 going to get what they need from you at the end of the day, if they didn't get it during the day.
00:38:56.120 So don't be so rigid, uh, as parents, if you work, don't be rigid about their, their,
00:39:01.920 when they go to sleep. Um, meaning, you know, you can't, you can't come home from a long day of work,
00:39:07.200 spend an hour with your child and then put them to sleep. They're going to just say,
00:39:10.240 no, because they need you. So keep them up a little longer and, um, give them more before
00:39:16.300 they go to sleep. So we talked about the lies we tell women and mothers. What are the lies we tell
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00:41:04.760 Well, I think we tell men and fathers today that their wives, nothing will change, and their
00:41:09.740 professional wives will always be big earners and successful and be partners economically. And 1.00
00:41:15.340 you can get the bigger house, and you can get the bigger car, and you can take fancy big, you know,
00:41:19.020 and we're telling parents that there's going to be no change. And we tell men that too.
00:41:23.700 Um, and, and, you know, and we also tell them that mothering is insignificant. It's not valuable
00:41:30.780 work. And some, someone who you pay, uh, very little to and have less respect for will do just
00:41:37.680 fine. What I call the myth of any caregiver will do, which is a real myth. And so we tell that to
00:41:44.180 young men too, who then grow into fathers, and then they're angry at their wives for wanting to stay
00:41:49.800 home. So what I would say is, don't promise each other anything. Know that everything will change.
00:41:57.440 Say, we're not making any promises. We have to see how we feel when this baby is born.
00:42:02.120 And I may want to stay home. And for the father to say, look, let's, let's create a financial
00:42:07.540 plan for us for the next few years, where if you do want to stay home, or if you only want to work
00:42:12.440 part-time, we can manage it. So that's the myth. We tell them nothing will change economically in
00:42:19.780 any other way. And one of the most heartbreaking statistics I've read is that most marriages,
00:42:26.520 and maybe I'm wrong on this, so correct me if I am, most marriages break up. I think it's two 0.81
00:42:30.500 years after having a child. How, why is that? Because it's fucking hard, mate.
00:42:35.860 Sorry. Sorry. He's right. I'm with him. I'm with him. So the idea, so the test of one's resilience 0.97
00:42:45.380 is if you can manage hard. If you're going to climb Mount Everest, and you go into it with the
00:42:53.000 expectation that you're going to climb a little hill in the Yorkshire countryside, okay, you're going
00:42:59.980 to collapse pretty much. You know, you're not going to have brought the right equipment. You're not going
00:43:05.420 to have prepared and trained for it. But if you tell them, look, the few from up there, it's the
00:43:12.760 best in the world. But to get there, you've got to go through a lot of hardship, but you can do it.
00:43:18.940 We're going to train you. We're going to get you ready. And you know, you're not going to sleep,
00:43:22.860 but it's going to be great because the joyful moments will be more joy and love than you've ever
00:43:26.940 felt in your life. But then there's going to be these terrible moments where you're exhausted.
00:43:30.440 If we tell you and you have realistic expectations, then you can manage it together, right? If we tell
00:43:39.480 men and women lies about raising children, then when they have children, they collapse. 0.98
00:43:46.620 And what are these, because we're talking about these lies that we tell,
00:43:51.580 but what are the real brutal truths of raising kids?
00:43:57.560 That it's the most amazing, joyful thing you'll ever do, that the love for your child is the
00:44:05.140 greatest love you will ever feel for anyone. You know, people say, oh, but I have romantic love.
00:44:10.940 Nah, I love my husband with all my might, but it doesn't, it pales in comparison to my love for
00:44:18.060 my children. And he would stay, he would say the same thing. And so it's not the same kind of love,
00:44:24.720 right? So, so I think we're, we're doing young people a great disservice by not being honest about
00:44:31.900 how joyful it can be, but how hard it can be. It is really hard, but you know, hardship was never
00:44:39.760 something that human beings were afraid of in the past. We've become soft in a way we've, we've let,
00:44:47.440 we lack resilience again. And I don't blame young people for this. I blame the generations who didn't
00:44:54.100 provide that emotional foundation. So there's a lot of research, so much research about the fact that
00:44:59.800 if you nurture, if you give to a child in the first three years, if you're physically and emotionally
00:45:05.600 present and you make them feel safe and secure, they can manage stress and adversity going forward. 0.94
00:45:14.120 It's the story of the three little pigs, right? If you build a house of bricks from the beginning 0.65
00:45:19.900 and you're sensitive and you're present, then that house cannot be blown down. But if you build a house
00:45:26.960 of hay or a house of wood and, uh, you know, put your child in daycare, have somebody else raise them,
00:45:33.400 take vacations and leave your child for a week with granny. I mean, crazy stuff. I hear with little,
00:45:38.500 little babies with what I call empathic impairment. They look at their own babies, these young people,
00:45:44.800 and they cannot see the vulnerability of their own children.
00:45:50.660 And also as well, I remember I was, you see, I was, when I was teaching, I used to see
00:45:57.060 the way that moms would be disconnected from their kids. And then you go, well, no wonder the kid is
00:46:04.620 acting up in school. No wonder the kid lashes out because that fundamental connection between mother
00:46:13.480 and child or father and child, it's just non-existent. So there's something called an attachment disorder,
00:46:20.500 which is generationally passed down, not genetically. What that means is that if you had a mother who
00:46:27.580 struggled with attachment, who struggled with deeply connecting, who struggled with dependency,
00:46:36.260 um, who struggled because her own mother struggled, right? Um, that is passed down to the next generation 0.91
00:46:43.500 through pathological defenses. So that baby who is not getting their emotional needs met,
00:46:49.620 sometimes their physical needs met by a mother, um, will have to develop a way to cope. Now,
00:46:55.800 if you're so little, those coping mechanisms are not healthy. They're pathological coping mechanisms
00:47:01.980 that fall apart. One is called an avoidant attachment disorder where it's very hard for that baby to grow
00:47:09.000 up and trust others and trust love. And it's very hard for them to give over to really deeply connecting
00:47:16.800 and loving with others. And it often leads to depression and loneliness. Another attachment disorder
00:47:23.100 is called the ambivalent attachment disorder. That baby clings to their mommy like dear life because
00:47:28.980 they know, and the narrative is, my mommy's going to leave me again, so I just have to hold on to her and never
00:47:33.960 let her go. That is a very anxious baby. That, that then is correlated with anxiety later. And usually,
00:47:40.920 it's an anxious mother produces that anxious baby. And then there's the hardest really that is hard
00:47:47.000 for me to even talk about, which is called the disorganized attachment disorder, which is a baby
00:47:51.280 without a strategy. So think of an avoidant attachment disorder and an ambivalent attachment disorder
00:47:57.220 as strategies, coping mechanisms for that baby to cope with not getting their emotional needs met.
00:48:03.220 Okay. This baby doesn't have a strategy. A disorganized attachment baby will cycle through 0.66
00:48:09.180 all the strategies. First, they'll turn away from the mother. Then they'll cling to the mother. Then
00:48:15.100 they'll slap the mother out of rage. And then they'll circle through. That's correlated with borderline 0.96
00:48:19.980 personality disorders. And we have a huge uptick in babies without strategies who develop borderline
00:48:26.620 personality disorders. We've never seen so many borderline patients in my field.
00:48:31.520 So, and let's talk about this because this is very, this is very important because a borderline
00:48:36.980 personality disorder, just explain it to the audience because number one, it's very severe. And
00:48:41.240 number two, from what I know of BPD, it's, there is no cure for it.
00:48:46.340 No, there's treatment, but there's no cure. It's very hard to treat. So it is someone who never felt safe.
00:48:55.260 It is a baby who really never was provided with that feeling of safety. So it doesn't really
00:49:00.680 feel safe in the world and alternates between an excessive dependency and excessive rage over
00:49:10.680 dependency, paranoia and persecution, feelings of paranoia and persecution and cycles through these
00:49:18.060 feelings. Basically, they have a hard time having relationships, a very hard time. Now I've treated
00:49:24.100 borderline patients in my practice who do get better. They're never fully better, but they, they,
00:49:30.940 they go on to have relationships and have children, but the treatment is very long and very hard. It's
00:49:36.600 usually psychoanalysis. So, you know, they have DBT therapy, but that just controls symptoms. But if
00:49:43.160 you're really going to try to change the character of a person, it's not easy. So what I say to parents is,
00:49:48.920 you know, you have two windows, you have zero to three and you have nine to 25. You have adolescence.
00:49:54.880 If you miss the first window, my second book was originally supposed to be called Second Chances.
00:50:01.800 They renamed it into Raising Resilient Adolescents in the New Age of Anxiety, whatever. But
00:50:06.100 it was supposed to be called Second Chances because these two windows, meaning from zero to about 25,
00:50:13.120 but once they leave your house, you don't have much hope. So as you're at 18, you have a lot of room
00:50:18.760 to try to repair things. But if you miss that, then a personality gets set, a character gets set.
00:50:26.680 And why is it, Erica, that more women are diagnosed with BPD than men? Is that just the way that
00:50:33.440 more women present with those type of symptoms or is there something else going on? 0.91
00:50:38.200 Oh, there's a lot of men with borderline personality disorders. I mean, the kids, you know,
00:50:43.400 boys are more violent with their suicidal attempts and their self-harming behaviors,
00:50:47.400 but they have very high rates of borderline personality now. So, yeah, I mean, I think that
00:50:54.160 was just maybe under-recorded that men have very high rates of self-harming behaviors.
00:50:59.940 And also, does addiction play into this? Because addiction is a dissociative.
00:51:05.400 Yes, it is a dissociative. It's a narcissistic disorder. So you'd say it's all about harm to the
00:51:12.140 self. It's all about the lack of development of the part of you. You know how we talk about core
00:51:18.900 training, physical core training, right? This is emotional core training. Your self is your core.
00:51:26.900 And it develops from the moment you're born. And some psychoanalysts even talk about in utero,
00:51:33.660 but it develops from the moment you're born. And it is about feeling safe and secure and loved and
00:51:40.960 understood. Those would be the four things. Safe, secure, loved, and understood. If you have those
00:51:46.740 four ingredients, then you develop a self. If you don't have those four ingredients, either because
00:51:53.500 you feel safe and secure and loved, but not understood, or you feel loved and understood,
00:51:59.900 but no one was around. So you never really felt safe and secure. Any of those four don't quite
00:52:05.800 develop. You haven't fully developed a self. And that leads to a compensation. You could say it's
00:52:11.840 a disorder of deficiency where you're always trying to fill a void that never got filled. And drugs,
00:52:17.980 alcohol, sex, eating, all those addictions, gambling, pornography, they all try to fill a void
00:52:25.220 in a person where the self is supposed to be. And so there are probably people watching and
00:52:30.920 listening to this that can spot these types of flaws in themselves. What should those people do
00:52:38.440 if they're listening to this? They're going, oh my God. Go get therapy from a psychoanalytic
00:52:45.080 psychotherapist. We either call ourselves psychoanalytic or psychodynamic psychotherapist,
00:52:50.300 not a CBT therapist. CBT therapists are good for what I call symptom relief, cutting the grass.
00:52:57.420 So if you have OCD and you want to learn how to control it, or you just want to learn how to
00:53:02.100 control anxiety rather than understand the deeper underpinnings of it. But you know, you can't really
00:53:09.440 heal by just cutting the grass. You actually got to go to the roots and see what's going on at the
00:53:14.680 roots. So what I do with patients is I really try to understand the origins of things. So that would
00:53:21.400 be the way to define good treatment for someone who's suffering from these disorders versus what
00:53:27.080 I consider more negligent treatment, which is if you're just giving medication as a psychiatrist or
00:53:32.640 you're just cutting the grass and teaching them some behavioral techniques, you're really not helping
00:53:37.720 that person at a very deep level to both uncover and heal from deep, deep trauma and wounds that go
00:53:45.360 back a long time. And because we now seem to have this over-diagnosis, particularly on 14 Gen Z with
00:53:53.420 things like ADHD, is that a result of the parental strategies that you've been talking about earlier?
00:54:00.080 Yeah. So you've heard of fight or flight. Yes. Okay. Fight or flight is the evolutionary response
00:54:05.920 to stress, right? The sable-toothed tiger was chasing you. You were running. You were either
00:54:10.020 fleeing or you stood your ground. You were fighting. Okay. It's our nervous system's way of coping with
00:54:15.700 threat. And so what we're seeing in children, and one of the things we're seeing is this huge uptick in
00:54:21.580 children with fight or flight responses. They're either incredibly aggressive, more behavioral problems,
00:54:27.640 particularly in boys in schools. Biting, kicking, hitting, you know. And then we see distractibility.
00:54:35.920 Now, distractibility is not a disorder. Distractibility is a response to stress.
00:54:41.660 It means that that child's nervous system is overloaded. You've overloaded that circuit with
00:54:47.760 stress. So instead of asking, where is the stress coming from? What can we do about the stress? What are
00:54:54.500 the psychosocial stressors that are contributing to this little boy's stress? We're just medicating
00:55:00.040 them, what I call silencing their pain. Diagnose, medicate, throw them in the bucket. And now you've 0.99
00:55:06.340 diagnosed someone, and you've categorized them, and you've marginalized them, instead of saying,
00:55:12.220 this child is having a stress response. What's going on? We don't like to think deeply about things
00:55:19.800 today. We like to think very superficially about things, and we like a lot of immediate gratification.
00:55:26.340 Just get rid of my pain. Give me a pill. I don't want to think about things. I don't want to work
00:55:31.140 on things. I don't want to be uncomfortable. Therapy makes me uncomfortable. Unless you're
00:55:35.880 willing to be uncomfortable, you're never going to see the view at the top of Everest.
00:55:40.160 It's also, as well, I think, it's because when you have these things,
00:55:43.700 you will always just about coping. You're always just about coping. So every day is a battle until
00:55:52.100 from the moment you wake up till you get to bed, and you just, well, I held it together for this day
00:55:57.380 and hopefully tomorrow. But one more thing on top of that feels like this could be the thing that could
00:56:02.900 absolutely break you. Yeah.
00:56:05.340 And I think that's a real issue as well, because a lot of people don't realize how they're only just about
00:56:14.340 coping, and they're not truly aware of everything that they're dealing with, which isn't normal
00:56:19.400 and isn't actually comes from the way that you were raised, for instance.
00:56:23.920 Well, I mean, I think we don't talk about prevention also in our health care. We talk about
00:56:31.400 the medical model, which is, it hurts, go get a pill. We don't really talk about, so parent education,
00:56:38.900 what I do, I consider half of what I do, maybe more than half is prevention, right? So talking to
00:56:44.200 parents about what they can do to prevent mental illness in their children. So we...
00:56:48.940 Well, Erica, sorry to interrupt. This is something I wanted to pick up on in the entire conversation
00:56:53.120 you're having with Francis. How, I don't want to overstate the case, but how accurate, because,
00:56:57.980 see, most people's idea about mental health is like, it's a chemical imbalance, it's a thing,
00:57:02.800 it's like, you know, you develop a physical disease, and quite often it's sort of random,
00:57:08.980 it's not caused by a specific thing that you did or ate or whatever, people will think.
00:57:13.500 How accurate is it to say, in your opinion, that a lot of these things are literally caused by your
00:57:19.640 childhood? So, there is no genetic precursor for anxiety and depression, none. There's a genetic
00:57:27.320 precursor for schizophrenia, and some markers for bipolar disorder at a very severe level,
00:57:34.180 but anxiety, depression, ADHD, none. It's generationally passed down. It is something
00:57:41.260 through the inheritance of acquired characteristics. So, it's the nature-nurture debate, right? And even
00:57:49.600 with schizophrenia and bipolar, epigenetics tells us that those genes need to be turned on. There's
00:57:55.560 no genetic precursor for depression, anxiety, and ADHD. What they did find is a genetic marker
00:58:01.620 for a short allele on your serotonin receptor. It's called the sensitivity gene. It means that
00:58:08.640 many children are born more sensitive to stress, and that sensitivity then is correlated with mental
00:58:15.880 illness of different kinds. And more children are born with that sensitivity gene. That's the only
00:58:22.900 genetic marker. So, it means that we need to look at how we're fortifying our children. You know, we don't
00:58:30.640 have a lot of control over a lot of things in our children's lives. I mean, I have grown children, and I
00:58:35.460 can tell you that there is so much that you can't control for your children. And so, what you want to do
00:58:42.240 is control for what you can, right? The serenity prayer. What you can control for is the early years
00:58:49.440 when you have a captive audience, and they need you, and they're dependent on you, and they require
00:58:57.120 a deep sense of safety and security and love and understanding. You can control for that. You build the
00:59:04.300 foundation of the house that builds that house of brick that will be more resilient to adversity in the
00:59:10.940 future. Michael Meaney is a researcher who did research with animals and found that animals who
00:59:16.440 licked and groomed their young, those animals, the babies, were more resilient to stress in the future
00:59:22.240 than the babies whose mothers did not lick and groom them. So, it not only proved that resilience has
00:59:29.620 everything to do with early nurturing, but it also proved that the babies that were licked and groomed
00:59:35.020 passed down generationally to the next generation the ability to lick and groom, but the ones who weren't
00:59:39.860 licked and groomed did not pass down generationally the gene, if there is, there's no gene, the ability
00:59:46.240 to lick and groom. Well, the reason I bring it up is I think it's helpful for parents like me to say,
00:59:53.080 you know, these things that you're sacrificing for, these are the things that you're avoiding. I think
01:00:00.480 if it was stated in that more direct language, frankly, a lot of people would have a stronger sense
01:00:06.040 of like, this is an important thing to do. You know, none of the things that I say are based
01:00:11.160 in opinion. So, I'm a clinician. I see a lot of patients a week still. This is the main part of my
01:00:17.280 life. And I see them all over the world now, you know, and have been for a while, but I see a lot of
01:00:23.660 patients. But I'll say that, you know, we are not being totally honest with patients about, and parents
01:00:34.400 about what causes mental illness. We are telling them lies about, you know, it being genetic, about 0.66
01:00:42.100 it not being your fault, about you're not responsible. There's the word responsibility again.
01:00:47.380 I'm going to say something that sounds truly harsh, and I don't mean it to be, but it's the truth.
01:00:51.780 And as my rabbi says, always tell the truth and be authentic, and you can never go wrong. So,
01:00:58.100 I'm going to tell the truth. You are responsible for your children's mental illness. As a parent, 0.99
01:01:04.340 you are responsible. Now, that doesn't mean that, and how are you responsible? You're responsible for
01:01:12.580 those early beginnings that help them to be more resilient to adversity and stress in the future,
01:01:19.100 because you cannot predict what will come their way. But what you can do for them is provide them with
01:01:25.340 that early, early, early beginning.
01:01:28.400 Erica?
01:01:29.580 Yes.
01:01:30.320 Go for it.
01:01:30.640 So, we've talked about a number of different things. Is it, what about addiction? Because we had a
01:01:37.220 gentleman by the name of Dr. David Nutt, who's a neuropharmacologist, and he said that the number one
01:01:42.560 prediction for addiction in children is having an alcoholic father.
01:01:47.060 For alcoholism, not addiction, for alcoholism.
01:01:48.800 But that is the inheritance of acquired characteristics. That is generational expression
01:01:54.580 of disease, not genetic expression.
01:01:57.900 And there are several things we've discovered that predispose you to becoming an alcoholic.
01:02:02.840 And the first one is having an alcoholic father. So, there's clearly genetics. But we can go further
01:02:08.340 than that now. And in fact, we know that that vulnerability is in part due to brain chemistry.
01:02:14.500 And it's kind of paradoxical. But people who start off being resistant to alcohol,
01:02:22.300 the people that can stay sober or stay standing after their first binge, when all their friends
01:02:28.180 are on the floor, they're often, they've got alcoholic fathers. And so, they're like pre-tolerant.
01:02:34.520 Now, they're the super, you know, everyone thinks, wow, he's an amazing guy. Look how much you can drink.
01:02:39.420 But the problem is, they end up drinking more and eventually become dependent.
01:02:44.340 So, if you have an alcoholic father, it means that you had a depressed father.
01:02:48.420 Because alcoholism is the symptom. The illness is depression.
01:02:51.720 If you have a depressed parent, you're more likely to be depressed unless you get treatment.
01:02:56.800 Because you were raised by a parent who couldn't meet your emotional needs,
01:03:01.100 because they couldn't meet their own emotional needs, because someone didn't meet their emotional
01:03:05.640 needs. So, that's, you know, I used a quote last year at my ARC speech by Terry Reel about how every
01:03:12.060 generation has the opportunity to interrupt, be a bridge and interrupt the generational expression
01:03:19.460 of disease in their families.
01:03:21.100 And that's a responsibility of the parent?
01:03:23.200 That is a responsibility of each and every person that parents.
01:03:26.460 That you are self-aware, that you look at yourself, that you look at your parents, that you look
01:03:32.180 at what they did right and what they did wrong, and you learn from it, and you go to therapy
01:03:36.640 if you need help with it, and you become a better parent.
01:03:42.280 It's always good to be better than the last generation in one way or another. 1.00
01:03:46.720 We can't always be richer. We can't always have more.
01:03:49.660 But in one way or another, we can improve upon our parents.
01:03:52.700 And healthy parents want their children to improve upon them.
01:03:56.580 Absolutely. Erica, it's been so great to have you on.
01:03:58.880 As you know, my wife is like your number one superfan in the world.
01:04:02.760 And I can see why. It's been so great.
01:04:04.760 I hope your message gets further and further as you carry on doing your important work.
01:04:09.280 We're going to go to our sub-stack to ask you questions from our supporters.
01:04:13.080 Before we do, we always end with the same question, which is,
01:04:15.480 what's the one thing we're not talking about that we should be?
01:04:17.740 Before Erica answers a final question, at the end of the interview,
01:04:21.900 make sure to head over to our sub-stack.
01:04:23.740 The link is in the description where you'll be able to see this.
01:04:27.960 Is there any correlation between leaving parenthood into late 30s and beyond for women,
01:04:32.100 and maybe for men, to the seeming rise in various childhood mental disorders?
01:04:37.380 How much damage did the COVID lockdown inflict on children?
01:04:40.740 And do we still see that after effect today?
01:04:43.900 Do we take emotional abuse seriously enough, or is it just hard to detect?
01:04:48.540 Is it taken less seriously when the mother is a perpetrator and not a male relative?
01:04:53.360 So we didn't talk about older children and adolescents,
01:04:55.820 and I would say the one thing we're not talking about in society that we should be talking about
01:04:59.900 is how marijuana use in adolescents and young adults is devastating.
01:05:06.780 Marijuana has become addictive and toxic because of the levels of THC.
01:05:12.740 98% in gummies, 38% in smoking weed.
01:05:17.880 It's not the marijuana of my generation.
01:05:20.720 It wasn't addictive in my generation, but what we're not telling people about
01:05:25.000 and parents about and kids about is that it's leading,
01:05:28.600 it's the number one leading cause of psychotic breaks in adolescents.
01:05:33.020 If you go into an emergency room, 80% of the mental health visits for adolescents
01:05:39.960 will be because of marijuana-induced depersonalization or psychotic events,
01:05:46.860 and many of those children are then hospitalized for years and don't recover for years.
01:05:52.080 And this is happening every single day, and we don't talk about it.
01:05:56.180 Why? Because it's economically so fruitful now that marijuana is a product that we can sell.
01:06:03.220 But what we're not saying is the high levels of THC are toxic to adolescents and are destroying lives,
01:06:11.240 and marijuana should not be legal.
01:06:13.240 It happened to one of my best friends at university.
01:06:17.380 I saw him change from being a very bright, bubbly, life-of-the-party kind of guy
01:06:23.540 to someone who became angry, introverted, and profoundly unwell.
01:06:27.480 I mean, we're not saying, one, that it's addictive, and we're not saying it's toxic.
01:06:31.600 We've made it into something benign, like going to get a beer in the pub.
01:06:35.840 It is not a beer. It is incredibly addictive, incredibly toxic,
01:06:40.880 and it is literally making kids jump in front of trains.
01:06:44.940 And if we don't educate adolescents and we don't educate parents about this,
01:06:49.020 we are doing a disservice to families.
01:06:51.200 And by making it legal, we are really doing a disservice.
01:06:54.020 So there's the economy over the family.
01:06:57.480 Do you think, is there a point when your brain is fully developed
01:07:00.860 when you're more able to deal with it, in the same way as, you know,
01:07:04.260 if I go and have a couple of glasses of wine, nobody goes,
01:07:07.040 oh, this is constantly destroying his brain, even though technically it sort of is?
01:07:10.120 You can still have a breakdown from the high levels of THC if you're sensitive,
01:07:14.100 but the brain of an adolescent is ten times more responsive
01:07:17.640 to the chemicals in marijuana or the chemicals in any drug.
01:07:21.460 So tenfold reactions because of the dopamine surges.
01:07:27.400 So you would say that an adolescent is more likely to be addicted.
01:07:30.920 There's research to show that if marijuana or alcohol is introduced to an adolescent
01:07:36.800 before the age of 16, they're much more likely to become addicted in the future.
01:07:41.540 But because the brain is so sensitive to these chemicals,
01:07:44.820 they're also more likely to have psychotic breaks.
01:07:47.560 So about 25, is that where the brain is kind of better protected?
01:07:51.500 It settles.
01:07:53.020 The prefrontal cortex is settled.
01:07:55.260 So that's the part of the brain that regulates things like judgment,
01:07:58.140 executive functioning.
01:08:00.040 So you make better choices after 25.
01:08:02.520 So you might be able to take a puff of marijuana when you're 25 and go,
01:08:06.300 a puff is enough for me, I'm not going to have any more.
01:08:08.800 But when you're 18, 14, 20, 22 even, you can't stop.
01:08:14.720 You keep taking another puff and another puff and another puff.
01:08:17.700 So, yeah, we're not telling, again, the lies we tell.
01:08:21.660 And this is something that rings very true for me, particularly.
01:08:27.380 That was the path that I went down for and I lost more years than I care to remember to that.
01:08:33.220 More than you can, probably.
01:08:34.720 Yeah, exactly.
01:08:36.860 I speak as someone in a similar way.
01:08:38.860 Yeah, and I look at, you know, the periods of depression and this friend of mine in particular,
01:08:44.820 who I'm thinking of now, when it comes to schizophrenia particularly,
01:08:52.720 it can very much trigger schizophrenic episode if it's latent within you.
01:08:57.440 Yes, it can.
01:08:58.020 Within you.
01:08:58.680 But even without schizophrenia, it's triggering breaks in kids.
01:09:01.740 So kids who have no gene for schizophrenia, they're not becoming schizophrenic,
01:09:05.000 but they're having what we call depersonalization events, which is slightly a variation on psychosis.
01:09:12.060 If I can describe it to you, you see the world from a distance through a glass plate.
01:09:17.240 You don't know what's real.
01:09:18.500 You can see real, but you're not sure what's real.
01:09:21.460 It's devastating.
01:09:22.580 It causes them to go into hysterical panic states.
01:09:27.860 It's terrible to watch the deterioration of a mind.
01:09:32.120 And again, it's not something that most kids get over so quickly.
01:09:36.600 They go into an emergency room, and many of them end up in hospitals for years,
01:09:40.900 having to withdraw from school.
01:09:42.720 And we're just not being honest.
01:09:44.980 We're telling them it's benign, and we're telling them that nothing bad will happen.
01:09:48.660 It's like having a beer.
01:09:50.480 And we're doing this all for the pure economics of it, really.
01:09:55.680 Erica.
01:09:56.180 Erica, thanks for coming on.
01:09:57.120 Yeah, thank you.
01:09:57.580 All right, head on over to our Substack, where you'll be able to see your questions answered.
01:10:04.360 Does a religious upbringing slash religious community have any effect on childhood anxiety
01:10:09.260 and depression?
01:10:10.400 If so, is it helpful or harmful?
01:10:12.340 Does a religious upbringing slash religious community have any effect on childhood anxiety and depression?
01:10:27.580 Want to fast-forward your career?
01:10:31.580 Discover the Chang School of Continuing Education at Toronto Metropolitan University.
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01:10:42.760 Have a great day.
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