00:03:31.120And we don't think about it all the time, but it's there.
00:03:33.700And if it's ever challenged, boy, do people suddenly go,
00:03:37.140oh, hang on, no, we've got to defend this.
00:03:38.600Yeah. And I've always felt a kind of natural understanding of the connection to history. I mean, it's a thousand year history of this country at the very least. Is that one of the reasons it has such a strong sentiment? It evokes such a strong sentiment in this country because it's maybe one of the very few things left now that really connects the people of this country to it.
00:04:01.320Well, the history kind of feeds into all that. It's soft power. I've interviewed the man who codified, if you like, invented soft power, Professor Joe Nye of Harvard University, who sort of defined this sort of concept of doing things through influence and charm and persuasion versus brute force and coercion.
00:04:24.320He said, well, Britain, you've got two absolutely inalienable soft power assets.
00:04:28.880One is the English language and all that goes with it, the literature, the culture,
00:04:34.180Chaucer, Shakespeare, Dickens, et cetera.
00:04:36.200But he said the other is the monarchy, the royal family.
00:04:38.240That's something that other people don't have.
00:06:44.540But, you know, we had a slightly dicey start when he sort of he asked me if I was going to play golf first and I don't play golf.1.00
00:06:51.240You don't play golf when you're British. What? But we I said, well, we're here to talk about the late queen because he was the last state visitor of her reign.0.98
00:07:00.000I mean, she met pretty much everyone of any substance from the mid early part of the 20th century right up to 2022.
00:07:08.840and he was her last state visitor he came in 2019 and then covid hit then she was ill so he was the
00:07:15.500last and uh we had uh several chats actually it was purely because of his affection for her um and
00:07:22.720it was very interesting he didn't didn't want to talk about british politicians at all we talked
00:07:26.300about all sorts of other things and when you sit down with the president i ended up having breakfast
00:07:30.580with him and dinner and a few other chats as well and other people are there and the conversation
00:07:35.680is going this way and that. But when it gets on to Britain, it's usually through the prism
00:07:39.480of the monarchy. And President Trump is very proud of the fact that he's half British. His
00:07:45.680mother was a McLeod from the Isle of Lewis. He feels a sort of connection. And that doesn't
00:07:52.020manifest itself in the relationship. People talk about the special relationship. It's
00:07:56.120not particularly special between the White House and Downing Street. I would say it is
00:08:00.780special and historically special between the White House and Buckingham Palace. And the
00:08:05.020late queen met 14 presidents. There's no one in history, no one ever has met and known
00:08:11.48014 presidents. And I, for another book, I interviewed President George Bush, Jr. And
00:08:19.400I said, can you think of anyone who's ever met 14 presidents? Because you were one and
00:08:23.160so was your dad. I said, no. I said, Henry Kissinger might have met a dozen, max, maybe
00:08:28.10010. But the Queen had that depth of familiarity, and so does the King. I mean, the King, our
00:08:35.440present King, first went to the White House in 1970 as a student and had a 90-minute tutorial
00:08:41.560in the Oval Office with Richard Nixon, who was president at the time, and has met and
00:08:45.940known every president since. So you get that degree of connection with all these governments
00:08:51.480and countries and personalities around the world, and it's extraordinary. I mean, a visit,
00:08:57.600A meeting with Elizabeth II was a kind of bucket list, top ten for every world leader
00:13:23.400the formal approval from the sovereign
00:13:28.020And so, I mean, obviously, the monarch is never going to stop the elected prime minister from doing what the elected prime minister wants to do on the basis that they're doing it for the right reasons and it's being done in the right way.
00:13:42.360And so, yeah, at that time, there was a worry that, you know, Boris might just pick up the phone and go, I'm thinking of having an election.
00:13:49.640The Queen might say, oh, that's very nice.
00:13:51.200Right. I've got her approval. That's fine. Phone down. Let's have an election.
00:24:33.140If we, if people in this country hate the government and they hit the streets and get very angry, that's fine because they can vent that at an election.
00:24:44.780They can chuck all that hatred at the Houses of Parliament.
00:24:49.420But the head of state is at the other end of the mouth.
00:25:08.960I think you've got a very active, sometimes febrile, but very dynamic political arena at one end of SW1.
00:25:18.800And then you've got this very solid bit of the other that just sort of makes sure that everything kind of ticks along and leads the politicians to get on with it.
00:25:25.760And I just think it works. It's not rational.
00:25:28.980I mean, if you were starting a new country tomorrow, you wouldn't think, oh, we've got to find one family and give them everything shiny and posh in perpetuity.
00:25:37.720I mean, you wouldn't, but it's how we've evolved, and it just, it works.
00:25:43.400I mean, there's a rather interesting survey that comes out every year,
00:25:47.060which I always like looking at, called the UN Development Index,
00:25:50.100and it's essentially the UN's sort of index of what's the best country in the world,
00:25:55.440and it has various metrics, such as life expectancy, education, income, GDP, all this stuff,
00:26:01.940and they put it through the sort of algorithm.
00:26:04.720them. And every single time, in the top 10, about half are monarchies. In the top 20,
00:26:11.400I think it's 12 out of 20 are monarchies. And when you consider it's 193 countries,
00:26:17.320but only 40 are monarchies, that's a disproportionate result.
00:26:22.560And these are constitutional monarchies?
00:26:24.120These are constitutional monarchies. These are not the absolute ones like Saudi and
00:26:28.400whatever, they're coming a bit further down. But if you look in the top 10, Britain isn't
00:26:32.600in the top 10, actually, but you've got Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Australia, which of course
00:26:40.680the king is king of Australia. And then you look at the top 20, Britain's in there, I
00:26:44.280mean, number 15, I think New Zealand and Canada come in there. So, yeah, of course, it's absurd
00:26:50.560to say that by having a hereditary state, you've got a longer life expectancy. I mean,
00:26:54.260I wouldn't posit that as a sort of logical argument, but you can look at that sense of
00:27:01.360stability and continuity, what a modern constitutional monarchy, that sort of sense of confidence,
00:29:07.360She was all about dismantling it, but doing it amicably.
00:29:10.700So basically, there was still a lot of the world what was a British colony in 1952.
00:29:18.720And I think she would regard her greatest achievement as creating the Commonwealth, as moving from an imperial structure to a post-imperial structure, one that's happened amicably and constructively.
00:29:35.920But what I think we are seeing now is a change in tone.
00:29:39.780So it was a very forward-looking thing.
00:29:41.620A lot of these young countries were becoming democracies.
00:29:46.380She loved sort of holding these Commonwealth summits, these leaders.
00:29:50.540I think felt, because these were young countries finding their feet,
00:29:55.040and here was this big establishment figure, the Queen,
00:29:57.240who would meet them and treat them as equals.
00:29:59.160And there was a real sense of kind of harmony at these Commonwealth events.
00:30:07.180Mrs. Thatcher fell out with the Commonwealth famously in the 80s,
00:30:11.540But the rest of them, they felt a sort of kinship.
00:30:17.940And it did all sorts of good things to Commonwealth.
00:30:20.980I mean, I think it was one of the driving forces in dismantling apartheid, for example, in South Africa.
00:30:27.160And as we've gone on now, there's been a sort of change of attitude.
00:30:33.060Instead of looking forward and thinking, you know, these countries are growing and becoming stronger and more independent,
00:30:39.820Now there is a sort of a rearward glance and saying, well, hang on, the only reason you're in the Commonwealth is that you were colonized and that this was a bad thing and that this must now be atoned for.
00:30:50.820And so you have this reparations debate starting to sort of build. And I think it's a very difficult one for both the government, the British government, but particularly for the monarchy to handle, because obviously empire was conducted in the name of the crown.
00:31:07.960and the Crown, there's a direct linear link.
00:31:10.760Because I think it was the Prime Minister of Barbados
00:31:13.400who said that they no longer want the royal family
00:31:21.600that would have been entertained as an idea.
00:31:25.180But it became very mainstream, very quickly, that conversation.
00:31:29.240It did. I mean, it happened actually just before the Queen died.
00:31:33.760It happened at the end of 2021 when Barbados, as you say,
00:31:37.080When all these former colonies went independent, they were all given the option.
00:31:45.440What do you want to be? Do you want to be a presidency or do you want to carry on with the crown?
00:31:52.420And a lot, most actually said, no, I want a president. I want to stand on our own two feet.
00:31:56.560But a lot could see the advantages in having the crown as this sort of, you know, you're trying to build a new nation.
00:32:05.100It's actually quite useful. It's quite cheap as well.
00:32:07.080You haven't got to start worrying about having a separate residence and all the rest for a president
00:32:10.780because your head of state pays their own bills.
00:32:14.040And there was a very interesting conversation in the 70s, or 80s in fact,
00:32:19.740when the then Prime Minister, I think it is Prime Minister of Antigua, Lester Byrd,
00:32:25.320was talking to Fidel Castro and said to him,
00:32:29.980I'm thinking of dumping the monarchy and we're going to become a republic.
00:32:34.900And Castro said, well, hang on a second. Why do you want to do that? Well, we know we're going to stand on our own two feet. And Castro said, well, does the Queen interfere in your politics? And he said, no. And is she good for business? Is she good for tourism? Yes. Well, why do you want to do that?
00:32:52.040And I know this happened because Lester Byrd regaled this conversation to Sir Sonny Ramfarl,
00:32:57.100who was one of the great Secretary Generals of the Commonwealth, who told me for my book.
00:33:02.800So, you know, it's gospel. Fidel Castro was a fan of the monarchy. You know, go figure.
00:33:09.020There you go. That's the title of the episode.
00:33:10.940Some business advice from one of the most famous communists in the world.
00:33:15.000I would imagine a lot of the psychodrama that we now see with the royal family,
00:33:18.980because there's the monarchy and then there's the royal family,
00:33:21.000somewhat separate things, actually, in some ways,
00:33:23.780is actually very much par for the course in terms of history.
00:33:26.680I mean, the royal families have always had the spares and the others
00:33:32.280and all of this scheming and plotting and whatever.
00:33:35.120But we live in a very different age now where the power of the media
00:33:38.820and social media and the ability for people to see into that world,
00:33:42.760to discuss that world, it must be so difficult for them to manage
00:33:47.140all of the different things that we've seen.
00:33:49.960I mean, I think the death of Princess Diana
00:34:31.760However, I think as long as the public can understand that they are a family, they're
00:34:39.660an institution and they're a family, and every family has its tricky members.
00:34:46.020And so, you know, the king, some more trickier than others.
00:34:51.940And when you think about it, I mean, the ride at the end of the Queen's reign,
00:34:55.660you had the start of the kind of Andrew catastrophe unfolding with his news interview in 2019.
00:35:02.420And I think luckily she didn't have to see how that would unfold after her death.
00:35:07.940But right away at the start of the King's reign, I mean, he took the throne in September 22.
00:35:14.440By late October 22, you had the first sort of trailers appearing on Netflix for Harry and Meghan's six-parter basically complaining about the monarchy.
00:35:25.280You had the whole new series of The Crown depicting Charles in a very unflattering light,
00:35:30.840someone who was sort of constantly at war with his wife and trying to unseat his mother from the throne.
00:35:35.900You had all these things bubbling under, and then that only got worse because as the Harry and Meghan show kind of went out,
00:35:45.420there was lots of publicity with it, them saying how horrible life was in Britain and the monarchy didn't treat them very well.
00:35:50.980And then as soon as that was over, it was straight into the launch of Harry's book, Spare, which was full of unflattering remarks.
00:36:01.420And all that, of course, followed on from the Oprah Winfrey interview where the couple had accused the monarchy of all sorts of things, notably racism.
00:36:11.400And you'd think at the start of a reign, that's really not very helpful.
00:40:05.180And it was the government, prodded along by, at the time, a very senior Labour figure called Peter Mandelson, who came up with the idea of a trade envoy.
00:40:18.400And so, you know, the Queen was obviously behind this.
00:40:21.760I mean, great, it's a sort of, you know, we've got him a job, there's something for him to do.
00:40:25.600But it was the government who came up with this idea of a trade envoy.
00:40:28.380And all those years he was being a trade envoy.
00:40:31.740It wasn't the Queen who was sort of saying to people,
00:40:34.840oh, no, no, you've got to send Andrew here.
00:40:36.440It was, you know, the Department of Trade and Industry
00:45:28.540I mean, there's there's there are a lot of questions.
00:45:31.580I don't pretend there aren't, but, you know, at the time, companies would, I mean, I'm not a lawyer, but I mean, you know, people pay off people.
00:45:44.960It looked terrible. It still looks terrible. And we still don't know the exact details of it.
00:45:51.100but uh yeah i mean you know that that's that that was uh i think a grave mistake it was uh at the
00:45:59.020start of the diamond no no not the diamond the platinum jubilee um and there was a sort of sense
00:46:05.020of well let's let's just make this go away but of course it didn't like i say it's very very hard
00:46:11.260for a mother to disown her child is just it was it was the hardest thing i talked to people who
00:46:16.860worked with her, they said that that moment she had to, after his Newsnight interview, where they
00:46:21.420had effectively, she had to kick him out of public life, that was very, very painful for her.
00:46:29.180Because also, she was a princess of York. I mean, you know, her dad was Duke of York. She was born
00:46:37.580the daughter of the Duke of York. That's why that title to her, you know, meant everything. That's
00:46:41.820why she was so pleased and proud to give it to Andrew on his wedding day. You will now be the
00:46:45.660the Duke of York. You know, this is an extra special thing. It's one of the reasons why
00:46:51.260everyone is very glad that she was not around to see him lose that title.
00:46:56.200And what do we know about Prince Andrew now in terms of what he was up to, how he was
00:47:04.780able to get away with it, and also why he was doing it in the first place?
00:47:09.500Well, I mean, it's an ongoing legal process, so I mean, I suspect we're going to find out some more.
00:47:19.400You know, like I said, I mean, he was given a very long leash, long reign to do what he was, you know, to hang out with Epstein, to go to all these places.
00:47:31.440And as things have unfolded, a lot of it's not just about the accusations to do with
00:47:40.340young girls, but it's to do with state records, state documents, you know, who was telling
00:54:55.180It was just sort of treated like in a sort of managerial way,
00:54:57.680which was sort of, right, go and find yourself some new office space.
00:55:00.100You know, it was handled, yeah, it was a bit corporate.
00:55:06.100And I think when you're dealing with a, yeah, it's an institution, people sometimes call it the firm, people call it the monarchy, PLC or whatever, but fundamentally it's a family unit.
00:55:15.860And I think that officialdom didn't do that very well.
00:55:20.460And Harry and Meghan, I think, took that very personally.
00:55:23.280And then gradually they felt that they weren't getting the support that William and Catherine were getting and that actually, why are we doing this?
00:55:57.740I mean, I think, yeah, the death of his mother, unquestionably, still to this day, I think, really informs his attitude towards the press, the media generally, but the press in particular.
00:56:14.460I mean, the fact is that Fleet Street were not involved.
00:56:18.060Fleet Street weren't in the Alma Tunnel on August the 31st, 1997.
00:56:24.080I mean, it just, you know, but he sees it as a sort of part of a...
00:56:29.780Wait, was that car not being chased by paparazzi at the time?
00:56:48.460But what I'm saying is you can see why he would think the press caused a death, right?
00:56:52.320Yeah, if you assume that the sort of paparazzi right up to the, you know, Fleet Street are all one and the same thing,
00:56:59.720then, yeah, you can draw that inference.
00:57:03.280And I don't blame him, and I don't think most people would.
00:57:05.480I mean, you know, a young boy, and you want somebody to blame.
00:57:10.520I mean, I think there are multiple people to blame in that.
00:57:13.380Unquestionably, the paparazzi were an integral factor.
00:57:19.080But whereas Prince William has moved on, he understands that, you know, the press, a free press, has a role to play in a constitutional democracy.
00:57:30.000And you just, you deal with that. I mean, it's a fact of life. I think Harry finds it much harder.
00:57:36.860And, you know, on the one trip that he did do with Meghan, the one sort of big tour they did soon after they got married,
00:57:44.760They did this big kind of Pacific tour and the press all came along.
00:57:49.080And, you know, the press call, that press call, I mean, none of them had been around at the time of Diana's death.
01:01:32.480She set aside one of the oldest and most important of her patronages, which is the Association of Commonwealth Universities, which is one of the oldest.
01:01:40.580I think it's the oldest university, sort of pan-global international university association.
01:01:46.580And the Queen had been a patron of that for her whole reign.
01:01:49.580And she said, no, let's give that to Meghan.
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01:04:20.360How much of this, and this is a pretty blunt question, is I've got mates who went to Sandhurst
01:04:27.080with Harry or knew Harry in the armed forces and they went, the consensus is always the same.
01:04:32.780Lovely bloke, not very bright. How much of this is he's been, now he's away from the Royal
01:04:39.800family he's had cameras put in his face he's giving interviews and he's just exposing himself
01:04:46.900time after time after time well uh it's it's it's a fact i mean he's not uh academically top of the
01:04:57.900tree i mean we we we but but i but i people sort of say oh yeah harry's thick i i disagree with
01:05:05.240I've watched him at close quarters and he's got great emotional intelligence and he's very good
01:05:10.780at working a room both he and William are actually but he you know he can he can go into
01:05:16.840a space full of very old very young people he's never met before who are all tongue-tied who've0.79
01:05:22.120got nothing to say and some some royals find that and have found that very difficult and it's a bit0.78
01:05:27.580sort of have you come far and it's all a bit stiff and Harry is really good at going going in and
01:05:34.720chatting and and so i think the he may not i mean his a levels were not great i think he got
01:05:40.560two of them and and it was enough to get into the army um but uh at a personal level he's
01:05:47.280he's he's a very he's good and he's not i think he's got he's got good instincts i mean his his
01:05:53.440uh in terms of he he does have a sort of sense of uh uh you know if he's at an event okay what's
01:05:59.600the point of this and who are the key people here and that person over there is looking a bit lost
01:06:04.080So he's good at that. So I think he has strengths. But I think you're right. Having left the confines, as he would put it, of the monarchy or the structures and all that goes with it, there is a sense of a lost soul who's sitting out there in California and just listening to whichever PR person they happen to have hired that week.
01:06:26.500I mean, they seem to get through spokespeople at a rate of knots.
01:06:33.060You're always reading about yet another new appointment to their empire,
01:06:38.420and then that person sort of moves on within a matter of months.
01:06:41.320So you've only got to look at this court case.
01:09:16.660This country had had a miserable couple of years after the whole Brexit saga,
01:09:21.300and politically everyone was sort of at each other's throats, and everything just felt a bit rubbish.
01:09:27.040And then suddenly we had this sunny day and this great event, and it was fabulous.
01:09:31.100And you had the first biracial member of the royal family, and it was great, and everybody loved it.
01:09:36.740And I think everyone felt, okay, this is a sort of reboot moment for the monarchy.
01:09:44.340Well, actually, not, I mean, the monarchy had been on a high, really, ever since, I think, I would argue, since 2011,
01:09:51.180which was sort of William's wedding, the state visit to Ireland, the Obama's coming to Britain and followed by the Olympics and Jubilee and everything.
01:09:58.320And all the way through, there's been this sort of great run of great things.
01:10:02.520And this moment just felt like a happy day for the country.
01:17:58.600And I think we, as the public, we have to manage our expectations.
01:18:03.060We have to realize that we've got a smaller royal unit, so they can't do necessarily all the things that we're used to the royals doing.
01:18:10.460We can't just expect them to keep turning up to open hospitals and cut ribbons and do all that stuff because there aren't enough of them to get around.
01:18:19.300But I mean, overall, the fundamental role of having this figure to whom the armed forces and the judiciary and the civil service is in charge of the honours system,
01:18:29.340all that stuff, and is separate from government and has this soft power role, which just works.
01:18:38.520I was in Washington with the King the other day, and you just see how, watch the monarch
01:18:46.900address in Congress, and it just shows how it works, and it's not rational, we wouldn't