Valuetainment - Chess Grandmaster Garry Kasparov Reveals Insight On Strategy, Capitalism & Russia

00:00:00.000 One thing I like, I like to talk to the greatest of all time in their industries, whatever that

00:00:06.620 may be. I like to speak to people that are the greatest in their industry, okay, in their

00:00:12.300 industry. And the reason why we reached out to him and he told me last night when we were having

00:00:17.840 dinner, I don't know if you caught that, Tim, when he said at the dinner last night, he said,

00:00:21.440 the last time I did a live event was January of 2020. We're talking a year and nine months ago,

00:00:28.600 year and 10 months was the last time he did an event. To make it on this trip, he had to go all

00:00:33.460 over the place. I'm sure he's going to tell us the story. So I'm excited to have him here. But the

00:00:37.880 book, Your Next Five Moves, talks about knowing how to have your next five, 10, 15 moves. Can you

00:00:44.060 imagine how many guys have been number one in sales for one month? How many guys have been number one

00:00:49.420 in sales for three months straight in a big company, in a company with a thousand people

00:00:55.400 to compete with you were number one, three months straight? How many guys have been number one for

00:00:58.560 six months straight? How many guys have been number one for 12 months straight? How many guys have been

00:01:02.840 number one for two years straight? Three years straight? Four years straight? Five years straight?

00:01:07.720 Six years straight? Seven years straight? You want me to continue? He was number one every month

00:01:14.600 from 7 billion people around the world

00:01:18.480 that played chess for 250 consecutive months in chess.

00:01:25.840 That's absolute insanity.

00:01:28.980 There is no other sport or athlete

00:01:30.780 can even say something like that.

00:01:33.260 250 consecutive months,

00:01:35.220 they call them the GOAT of the game of chess,

00:01:38.080 a game many play,

00:01:39.620 a few master and a few become a teacher

00:01:42.760 that teaches other masters.

00:01:44.760 Give it up to the one and only,

00:01:46.720 Gary Kasparov.

00:02:11.280 Gary, how are you?

00:02:12.760 I'm fine.

00:02:13.800 You're fine?

00:02:16.360 It's a good way to start your weekend.

00:02:18.540 Why do I get a feeling you're super competitive?

00:02:22.400 Is that a misread on me?

00:02:24.680 Because even when you came to dinner last night

00:02:27.280 and you sat at dinner,

00:02:28.220 I'm like,

00:02:28.600 your level of intensity was felt

00:02:30.860 when you sat at the table.

00:02:32.760 I never thought that it was worth doing anything

00:02:35.580 unless you invest all for yourself.

00:02:39.080 So I also know the limits of my ignorance.

00:02:41.680 So if I'm not up to the task,

00:02:44.620 so if I know that this topic is just outside of the sphere of my competence,

00:02:50.320 so I stay away.

00:02:51.320 But if I'm in,

00:02:52.900 it's full Monty.

00:02:54.000 It's full Monty if you're in.

00:02:55.420 Okay.

00:02:55.520 So for some that don't know your story,

00:02:58.120 I mean,

00:02:58.340 listen,

00:02:58.720 it's a very,

00:03:00.080 very,

00:03:01.860 very interesting story that you got.

00:03:03.520 And obviously how you came up competing,

00:03:05.180 we'll talk about that.

00:03:06.420 Going up against the IBM machine,

00:03:08.300 we'll talk about that.

00:03:09.240 Being number one for 200,

00:03:10.500 and some sites say 251,

00:03:12.560 some say 255.

00:03:13.660 I want to say the right number.

00:03:14.580 Should we waste our time debating that?

00:03:16.400 What is the number?

00:03:17.280 Does it 250?

00:03:18.320 Look,

00:03:18.580 I don't know.

00:03:19.420 It was too long to count.

00:03:22.020 Can you imagine?

00:03:24.640 You're so good for so long.

00:03:26.140 You're like,

00:03:26.340 it doesn't matter anymore.

00:03:27.500 Okay.

00:03:28.120 So then you had issues with Putin.

00:03:30.500 Maybe we'll talk about that.

00:03:31.920 I have issues with dictators.

00:03:33.560 That's good.

00:03:34.100 I like that as well.

00:03:34.780 Otherwise they live.

00:03:35.300 Okay,

00:03:35.640 good.

00:03:35.900 We can talk about that.

00:03:37.080 And I grew up in the Soviet Union.

00:03:38.740 So when I,

00:03:39.840 in 1991,

00:03:40.740 30 years ago,

00:03:41.620 yes,

00:03:41.800 I thought that,

00:03:42.480 okay,

00:03:42.660 that was the end of the nightmare.

00:03:44.340 I was wrong.

00:03:45.600 Okay,

00:03:46.020 good.

00:03:46.300 So we want to talk about that

00:03:47.320 because this group,

00:03:48.180 just so you know,

00:03:48.560 is very comfortable talking politics.

00:03:49.940 So don't worry about it.

00:03:50.580 They're business people.

00:03:51.720 Again,

00:03:52.180 just to give them optics.

00:03:53.980 Your choice.

00:03:54.740 You're asking for trouble.

00:03:55.440 No,

00:03:55.660 we talked about that.

00:03:56.560 I told you.

00:03:57.400 You said,

00:03:58.180 don't ask me questions

00:03:59.240 you don't want answers for.

00:04:00.380 I'm not a politician.

00:04:01.520 I'm not running for an office.

00:04:02.600 I don't waffle.

00:04:03.420 I don't duck.

00:04:04.180 Good.

00:04:04.480 You ask the question,

00:04:05.260 you get a straight answer.

00:04:06.280 We like that.

00:04:06.800 Be aware of that.

00:04:07.160 We like that.

00:04:07.660 Listen,

00:04:08.040 we like that.

00:04:09.820 The good thing about the channel

00:04:11.780 Valuetainment

00:04:12.400 and the people we've interviewed,

00:04:13.620 I've interviewed very,

00:04:14.720 very random people.

00:04:15.820 So I'm accustomed to people like you.

00:04:17.580 It's actually fantastic.

00:04:18.500 Okay.

00:04:19.020 So if somebody doesn't know your story,

00:04:21.720 go all the way back.

00:04:23.460 Who was Gary?

00:04:24.460 How did he come up?

00:04:25.680 How did he start winning,

00:04:26.920 becoming the,

00:04:27.640 you know,

00:04:28.460 chess player that he is today?

00:04:29.940 So do we start from the very beginning?

00:04:31.880 I want very beginning.

00:04:33.220 Very beginning.

00:04:33.880 So born in April 13,

00:04:37.500 1963 in the deep south,

00:04:40.080 right next to the Georgia.

00:04:42.160 So actually it was a Republic of Azerbaijan

00:04:44.380 and Soviet Union,

00:04:45.420 right next to the Republic of Georgia.

00:04:47.820 So,

00:04:48.240 and I do,

00:04:51.800 I cannot tell you the moment

00:04:52.740 when I actually learned how to play chess

00:04:54.480 because unfortunately nobody was there

00:04:56.660 to tweet about it.

00:04:57.620 it was a winter evening,

00:05:02.920 68,

00:05:03.720 69.

00:05:04.280 My parents tried to solve a chess puzzle

00:05:06.960 from a local newspaper

00:05:08.000 and I just discovered the mystery

00:05:11.100 of this little wooden chess board,

00:05:13.960 you know,

00:05:14.180 64 squares,

00:05:15.760 32 pieces.

00:05:17.000 Nobody told me how to move the pieces.

00:05:18.560 I learned by just watching them,

00:05:20.240 you know,

00:05:20.500 so,

00:05:20.740 and at one point,

00:05:21.960 you know,

00:05:22.320 I revealed that I knew some of the secrets

00:05:24.560 and it was match made in heaven.

00:05:27.620 So very quickly,

00:05:28.640 you know,

00:05:28.940 so they just recognized that

00:05:30.300 instead of sending me to a music school

00:05:32.440 because all my parents,

00:05:33.980 from my father's side,

00:05:36.120 all his relatives were musicians.

00:05:39.300 That's a Jewish side.

00:05:40.720 So,

00:05:41.480 and,

00:05:42.360 and he said,

00:05:43.540 no,

00:05:43.640 no,

00:05:43.740 no,

00:05:44.080 it just,

00:05:44.500 you know,

00:05:44.700 that's the,

00:05:45.700 that's,

00:05:46.180 that's not for Gary.

00:05:47.000 So he has a different kind of mind.

00:05:48.840 So,

00:05:49.640 so,

00:05:49.940 and I was sent to a chess club

00:05:51.480 at age seven.

00:05:53.140 It's sadly,

00:05:53.840 it was his last decision.

00:05:54.960 He,

00:05:55.360 yeah,

00:05:55.900 he died.

00:05:57.100 from leukemia.

00:05:58.200 It's when I was seven

00:05:59.160 and for the next 50 years,

00:06:01.340 so I was under the divine shield of my mother,

00:06:06.400 who sadly passed last Christmas,

00:06:08.640 you know,

00:06:08.780 from COVID.

00:06:09.680 And,

00:06:09.740 and she spent her entire life,

00:06:12.120 you know,

00:06:12.380 working for me,

00:06:13.460 for her only son.

00:06:14.480 And,

00:06:14.580 and that was the beginning.

00:06:17.480 That was the beginning.

00:06:18.220 And very quickly,

00:06:19.220 I realized that chess would be my life.

00:06:22.180 But also,

00:06:23.160 I realized that it's not just about chess.

00:06:25.220 And that's another important lesson from my mother.

00:06:27.620 So,

00:06:28.120 yes,

00:06:28.420 chess is about winning and losing.

00:06:29.960 Of course,

00:06:30.200 it's about winning.

00:06:32.040 But,

00:06:32.560 it's also about making the difference.

00:06:36.640 And that's,

00:06:37.440 that's,

00:06:37.760 that was a fundamental,

00:06:38.960 you know,

00:06:39.840 like message to me that I carried throughout my entire life.

00:06:43.480 And that's why I could rebuild my life after I left professional chess in 2005.

00:06:47.840 Because it's,

00:06:48.820 it's about making a difference.

00:06:50.160 And that's answered to your first,

00:06:51.680 you know,

00:06:51.880 question.

00:06:52.380 It's about intensity.

00:06:53.640 If I'm in,

00:06:54.560 you know,

00:06:54.840 I have to try to make the difference.

00:06:56.800 Maybe not as much as I did in the world of chess,

00:06:59.080 but anywhere.

00:07:00.080 So,

00:07:00.340 I believe that we can make a contribution.

00:07:02.400 So,

00:07:02.800 and that's the,

00:07:03.460 like a motto of my life.

00:07:04.880 So,

00:07:05.160 it's the,

00:07:05.480 I even had it on the top of my,

00:07:07.220 of my bed.

00:07:07.920 She put it when I was 11 or 12.

00:07:10.160 If not you,

00:07:10.820 who else?

00:07:12.060 I mean,

00:07:12.240 just don't complain about others.

00:07:13.700 Don't complain about weather conditions.

00:07:15.620 This is about you.

00:07:16.680 Powerful.

00:07:17.040 So,

00:07:17.240 this is,

00:07:17.720 you can do whatever you want as long as you're in.

00:07:20.400 So,

00:07:20.640 and you devote yourself to,

00:07:22.860 again,

00:07:23.200 whatever task you select.

00:07:24.540 Gary,

00:07:24.800 how much of the drive,

00:07:25.920 was there any,

00:07:26.640 you said your father passed away when you were seven years old.

00:07:28.980 How much drive came from there to want to make him proud?

00:07:32.240 Was there any drive where you're like,

00:07:33.600 I'm going to go out there and do something big to leave a legacy for the last name?

00:07:36.760 Was there anything there?

00:07:37.960 Look,

00:07:38.300 absolutely.

00:07:39.540 So,

00:07:39.900 it's,

00:07:40.220 and again,

00:07:40.720 this is the fact is that my mother never,

00:07:42.140 very married and she just,

00:07:43.420 you know,

00:07:43.640 she,

00:07:44.040 she made this big sacrifice.

00:07:45.620 You know,

00:07:46.180 I,

00:07:47.200 I knew that I had to,

00:07:48.620 I had to be up to the challenge.

00:07:50.060 So,

00:07:50.540 look,

00:07:51.100 we still need a little bit of luck,

00:07:53.920 you know,

00:07:54.280 with,

00:07:54.600 with our professional career,

00:07:55.860 even if you have a talent and you're a hard worker.

00:07:58.140 And by the way,

00:07:58.980 it's,

00:07:59.340 I always,

00:07:59.880 you know,

00:08:00.660 argue with people who say,

00:08:01.900 oh,

00:08:02.560 he or she,

00:08:03.620 you know,

00:08:03.920 he has a great talent or other way around,

00:08:07.900 actually,

00:08:08.460 it's not so talented,

00:08:09.620 but has,

00:08:10.220 you know,

00:08:10.500 is a hard worker.

00:08:11.460 I believe the hard work is also talent.

00:08:14.000 So,

00:08:14.420 again,

00:08:14.620 that's another.

00:08:15.180 Interesting.

00:08:15.500 Oh,

00:08:16.240 so you believe a person who works hard,

00:08:17.900 that is a form of a talent.

00:08:19.080 It's of course,

00:08:19.460 it's a talent.

00:08:20.060 You know,

00:08:20.220 this is exactly,

00:08:21.320 look,

00:08:22.080 talent is something that is possessed by few or not everybody.

00:08:25.980 And we know that not everybody is a hard worker.

00:08:28.040 So,

00:08:28.320 which means working hard is a talent.

00:08:29.620 And when you combine it with your natural talent for chess,

00:08:33.380 for whatever,

00:08:34.740 so just whatever field you selected.

00:08:37.500 So that's,

00:08:38.260 that's an explosive combination.

00:08:39.320 And I knew that working hard was,

00:08:41.140 was crucial.

00:08:41.600 I grew up in,

00:08:42.640 you know,

00:08:42.840 in the family,

00:08:43.400 family was a very modest means.

00:08:45.940 It's in the Soviet Union.

00:08:47.960 And very quickly,

00:08:48.560 I recognize that,

00:08:49.280 you know,

00:08:49.480 that's the,

00:08:50.320 the stories that we receive from TV,

00:08:52.960 from newspapers,

00:08:53.580 that were very different from,

00:08:56.220 you know,

00:08:56.560 from what you could see around.

00:08:57.760 So as I,

00:08:58.540 that was the beginning of my political education.

00:09:01.240 How old were you when you figured that out?

00:09:02.920 Look,

00:09:03.200 it's quite early.

00:09:04.280 I had my,

00:09:05.140 my uncle,

00:09:06.080 my,

00:09:06.300 the younger brother of my father,

00:09:07.660 who was part of this,

00:09:09.740 you know,

00:09:10.020 you know,

00:09:10.700 circles,

00:09:11.180 circles of intelligences.

00:09:12.640 So,

00:09:12.740 and,

00:09:12.820 and they,

00:09:13.700 you know,

00:09:14.020 he supplied me with some books that,

00:09:15.500 were not available in,

00:09:16.720 in,

00:09:16.880 in the public libraries.

00:09:18.220 And also,

00:09:18.800 because of my chess successes,

00:09:21.640 I could travel.

00:09:23.220 And traveling in,

00:09:24.700 in the Soviet Union,

00:09:25.640 traveling abroad was,

00:09:26.880 was rare.

00:09:27.940 So at age 13,

00:09:29.140 as the,

00:09:30.060 as the youngest Soviet junior champion under 18,

00:09:35.020 so I was representing my country in France.

00:09:38.940 So,

00:09:39.520 I think that in,

00:09:40.660 in our neighborhood,

00:09:42.140 in Baku,

00:09:42.720 in the city of Baku,

00:09:43.520 which was the fourth largest city in the Soviet Union,

00:09:45.480 I don't think we had anyone who traveled,

00:09:47.500 you know,

00:09:47.620 in the capitalist country.

00:09:48.760 So I,

00:09:49.420 I became a star by the very fact that,

00:09:51.120 you know,

00:09:51.180 I could travel there,

00:09:52.020 came back.

00:09:52.780 And again,

00:09:53.740 I could see things.

00:09:55.500 I could compare them with official propaganda.

00:09:57.940 And,

00:09:58.380 um,

00:09:58.620 it would,

00:09:59.120 it didn't take long for me to actually recognize what was right and what was wrong.

00:10:03.860 Yeah.

00:10:04.240 My mother,

00:10:04.820 my family's from Baku,

00:10:05.800 by the way,

00:10:06.800 uh,

00:10:07.360 Baku.

00:10:07.800 Yeah.

00:10:08.160 My mother's side,

00:10:08.900 and I almost married a girl from Baku,

00:10:10.500 but my family's from Baku.

00:10:12.700 So I know we have a lot in common,

00:10:14.280 huh?

00:10:14.460 Yeah,

00:10:14.620 we do from,

00:10:15.360 but you know,

00:10:15.800 they're Armenian,

00:10:16.560 but let's see what words.

00:10:18.060 That's my,

00:10:18.520 that's my second.

00:10:19.360 That's my mother's side.

00:10:20.240 I mean,

00:10:20.500 I got a few words.

00:10:26.380 I got a few more,

00:10:27.680 but I'm going to keep it safe here.

00:10:29.180 So let's go back.

00:10:30.160 So if,

00:10:31.040 if I knew you and we were in school together,

00:10:33.580 at what point did everybody in Russia know who Gary was?

00:10:38.360 Cause it starts off first locally.

00:10:40.080 They know who you are.

00:10:40.700 You want a competition.

00:10:41.460 Then they know you,

00:10:42.880 you know,

00:10:43.340 maybe region.

00:10:44.040 And then the entire country knows here's who Gary is.

00:10:46.580 He's a phenom.

00:10:47.320 What was that process like?

00:10:48.960 Yeah.

00:10:49.120 Again,

00:10:49.400 look,

00:10:49.960 it's,

00:10:50.200 it's,

00:10:50.380 I,

00:10:50.600 I,

00:10:51.040 I climbed,

00:10:52.540 you know,

00:10:52.780 just at this,

00:10:53.540 you know,

00:10:53.700 the chess,

00:10:54.320 uh,

00:10:54.800 stairs rapidly.

00:10:56.380 So by age nine,

00:10:57.860 I was the first category player,

00:10:59.260 uh,

00:10:59.700 by age 10,

00:11:00.400 I was a candidate master.

00:11:02.100 Uh,

00:11:02.380 but as I mentioned,

00:11:03.320 at age 12,

00:11:04.360 I won the junior national championship under 18,

00:11:08.100 12,

00:11:08.580 18.

00:11:09.200 So that's the,

00:11:09.940 and by the way,

00:11:10.540 next year I repeated my success,

00:11:12.280 just one twice in a row.

00:11:14.220 So,

00:11:14.700 um,

00:11:15.360 and Soviet Union at the time was the,

00:11:17.340 by far the strongest chess country in the world.

00:11:19.140 So I proved,

00:11:20.480 you know,

00:11:20.820 to be a great talent,

00:11:22.200 you know,

00:11:22.700 chess prodigy.

00:11:23.820 Uh,

00:11:24.200 and,

00:11:24.640 um,

00:11:25.220 and that's it.

00:11:25.900 Everybody knew my name already,

00:11:27.060 but,

00:11:27.780 um,

00:11:28.340 again,

00:11:29.180 even if your name is well known,

00:11:31.020 it's still a long way to go to the very top.

00:11:33.320 And,

00:11:33.760 uh,

00:11:34.820 a part of,

00:11:35.480 you know,

00:11:36.480 obvious chess challenges,

00:11:37.700 I had other challenges.

00:11:39.120 I was half Armenian,

00:11:40.000 half Jewish in the Soviet Union.

00:11:41.660 You're half Armenian?

00:11:43.120 Of course I'm half Armenian.

00:11:44.780 Do you speak the language or no?

00:11:46.160 No,

00:11:46.340 I don't.

00:11:46.680 I grew up in Baku,

00:11:47.480 but this is,

00:11:48.100 didn't you,

00:11:48.480 have you read my Wikipedia?

00:11:49.980 Of course I have.

00:11:50.600 I'm trying to,

00:11:51.160 Armenian wise,

00:11:52.300 I'm trying to speak the language.

00:11:53.520 my,

00:11:53.840 my,

00:11:54.120 my,

00:11:54.420 look,

00:11:54.820 you know,

00:11:55.060 I grew up in Baku and grew up in Russian.

00:11:57.200 But Armenian,

00:11:57.880 I didn't know you were Armenian.

00:11:58.780 I'm telling you right now in front of public,

00:12:01.640 I researched yourself.

00:12:02.660 I don't know.

00:12:02.860 My ancestors come from Nagorno-Karabakh.

00:12:05.140 This is,

00:12:05.480 that's the,

00:12:05.800 that's the whole,

00:12:06.460 both from my grandmother and grandfather.

00:12:08.780 But unfortunately I never made it there.

00:12:10.660 So let's say,

00:12:11.880 and,

00:12:12.220 um,

00:12:12.700 it's,

00:12:13.140 it was quite tragic that my mother died,

00:12:15.420 you know,

00:12:15.740 just seeing her ancestor land being taken away.

00:12:18.560 So by Azeri troops.

00:12:19.960 So,

00:12:20.600 uh,

00:12:20.820 and we had to escape in 1990 because it was just,

00:12:23.800 you know,

00:12:24.020 it was,

00:12:24.680 you may call it ethnic cleansing or genocide.

00:12:26.300 So we had to escape from Baku in 1990.

00:12:28.700 Though I was a big,

00:12:29.460 a big,

00:12:30.420 uh,

00:12:30.960 hero,

00:12:31.840 but,

00:12:32.120 um,

00:12:32.620 the fact that I had 50% of Armenian blood,

00:12:34.460 you know,

00:12:34.680 made me unwelcome in my,

00:12:37.080 in my,

00:12:37.360 in the city of my,

00:12:38.060 my birth.

00:12:39.180 Um,

00:12:39.940 so,

00:12:40.520 um,

00:12:41.020 that's,

00:12:41.400 and I had to face Anatoly Korpov,

00:12:44.080 a darling of the system,

00:12:45.200 a Russian champion,

00:12:46.120 you know,

00:12:46.620 embraced and kissed by Brezhnev.

00:12:48.480 So that was extra challenge,

00:12:49.760 trust me.

00:12:50.280 So,

00:12:50.600 and,

00:12:50.800 um,

00:12:51.500 and I,

00:12:52.060 I recognize that it's not just about moving the pieces.

00:12:55.240 It's also,

00:12:56.120 you know,

00:12:56.340 just taking a stand.

00:12:57.500 And,

00:12:57.700 um,

00:12:58.280 so I,

00:12:59.260 it's,

00:12:59.660 it's,

00:12:59.820 it's like it was parallel education,

00:13:02.200 playing chess,

00:13:03.640 getting better,

00:13:04.260 getting,

00:13:04.640 you know,

00:13:04.840 climbing,

00:13:05.440 you know,

00:13:05.700 eventually challenging Karpov in 1984.

00:13:08.080 So at age 21,

00:13:09.260 but also recognizing the shortcomings of the system and somehow feeling that one day I would take a stand to challenge it.

00:13:17.120 Nowadays,

00:13:17.560 if somebody wants to get better at,

00:13:19.340 uh,

00:13:19.560 chess,

00:13:20.000 I can play it on an iPad or I can play on,

00:13:22.280 how,

00:13:22.860 what was your strategy for getting better back in the days?

00:13:25.080 What,

00:13:25.240 what did you read?

00:13:25.980 What did you have access to?

00:13:27.340 Look,

00:13:27.780 you know,

00:13:28.100 it's,

00:13:28.380 I just got,

00:13:32.600 you know,

00:13:32.840 from Moscow.

00:13:33.540 So my cousin brought to me archives that my mother kept.

00:13:36.940 Uh,

00:13:37.800 and,

00:13:38.240 uh,

00:13:38.420 there was my notebooks from the seventies,

00:13:41.100 73,

00:13:41.680 74,

00:13:42.220 75,

00:13:42.600 you know,

00:13:43.100 handwritten notes.

00:13:44.320 And,

00:13:44.580 um,

00:13:44.740 I showed it to my kids.

00:13:46.100 My daughter is turning 15.

00:13:47.900 I mean,

00:13:48.120 she couldn't believe that,

00:13:49.280 you know,

00:13:49.480 we had to collect the data.

00:13:51.080 So this is now it's all here.

00:13:54.420 We had to write the games.

00:13:56.500 I even,

00:13:57.200 you know,

00:13:57.340 had a special set by my coach.

00:13:59.820 They gave me great present.

00:14:01.520 It's from East Germany.

00:14:03.100 I,

00:14:03.360 I could,

00:14:03.640 I could push,

00:14:04.400 I could put a stamp with a diagram and then put chess pieces on it.

00:14:08.120 So this,

00:14:08.720 this is,

00:14:09.560 again,

00:14:10.100 it was time consuming,

00:14:11.160 but it was a great contribution to,

00:14:13.520 to,

00:14:13.860 to my work ethics.

00:14:14.900 Yeah.

00:14:15.160 Because I had to do,

00:14:16.160 I had,

00:14:16.460 and it's,

00:14:16.840 it's,

00:14:17.240 again,

00:14:17.500 my kids,

00:14:18.520 you know,

00:14:18.700 just couldn't believe it.

00:14:19.640 This is this,

00:14:20.140 this,

00:14:20.440 all this,

00:14:20.960 you know,

00:14:21.220 notebooks,

00:14:21.880 many,

00:14:22.800 many pounds of,

00:14:24.080 of,

00:14:24.360 of,

00:14:24.720 of the paper.

00:14:25.720 It's just,

00:14:26.060 this written.

00:14:26.820 So I think it just,

00:14:28.280 it's the,

00:14:29.300 it's life is always about trade-offs.

00:14:31.800 And of course,

00:14:32.640 you know,

00:14:32.840 we had to spend so much time,

00:14:34.520 but we could value information,

00:14:36.460 treasure information.

00:14:37.720 You know,

00:14:38.100 I started Kasparov chess foundation in this country 20 years ago.

00:14:41.300 And from 2005,

00:14:42.880 we have regular sessions with talented kids.

00:14:44.840 When I said talented kids,

00:14:45.880 it's,

00:14:46.000 it's a top level.

00:14:47.240 So,

00:14:47.440 and I can proudly say that US juniors now,

00:14:49.680 that's the best in the world.

00:14:50.640 So that's,

00:14:51.120 we've made a contribution to this success.

00:14:53.640 And,

00:14:53.900 more and more,

00:14:55.920 I could see that,

00:14:56.840 you know,

00:14:56.940 the way they play,

00:14:58.200 it's so much influenced by machines.

00:15:00.900 And it's,

00:15:01.760 it's good that they can,

00:15:02.640 collect all the data.

00:15:03.880 Today,

00:15:04.320 the kid at age 12 knows more than Bobby Fisher learned in his entire life.

00:15:08.480 Again,

00:15:08.940 simply because he or she could have swiped the finger and just find all the data.

00:15:12.920 But again,

00:15:13.520 how you deal with this data?

00:15:15.040 I mean,

00:15:15.220 it's,

00:15:15.420 it's the,

00:15:16.140 this,

00:15:16.440 can you process it?

00:15:17.600 Can you adjust,

00:15:18.200 you know,

00:15:19.160 merge it with your intuition,

00:15:21.100 with your human qualities?

00:15:22.460 Because when we analyze the games,

00:15:23.980 I,

00:15:24.220 I look at them and say,

00:15:25.400 okay,

00:15:25.900 there is a move.

00:15:26.560 I said,

00:15:27.120 ah,

00:15:27.440 it's not a good move.

00:15:28.260 So why it's not a good move?

00:15:30.280 Because machine said so.

00:15:32.280 So I can also look at the screen.

00:15:34.280 Can you tell me why?

00:15:35.660 And many of them stared at me.

00:15:38.980 I'm being confused.

00:15:40.260 What do you mean?

00:15:40.800 Why?

00:15:41.200 Because machine said so.

00:15:43.180 So this is sometimes,

00:15:44.340 you know,

00:15:44.500 they lose the,

00:15:45.340 this,

00:15:45.940 the ability,

00:15:46.900 the very human ability to,

00:15:48.240 to,

00:15:48.520 to look deep down and understand,

00:15:50.160 you know,

00:15:50.400 what is all about.

00:15:51.580 So it's,

00:15:52.100 you know,

00:15:52.300 it's just,

00:15:52.680 it's the many ways of,

00:15:53.820 of,

00:15:54.040 of,

00:15:54.280 of describing the difference between humans and machines making,

00:15:58.740 making decisions.

00:15:59.680 And I always like to bring a quote from one of the founding fathers of,

00:16:03.700 of AI,

00:16:04.700 Joseph Weizenbaum,

00:16:05.760 who created Eliza.

00:16:07.120 That's a Siri prototype in 1964,

00:16:09.120 1965.

00:16:09.540 In his book in 1976,

00:16:11.240 he talked about difference between deciding and choosing.

00:16:16.100 It's very subtle,

00:16:17.460 but he explained it that,

00:16:18.420 you know,

00:16:18.660 that's the deciding is for machines because it's computational choosing.

00:16:23.180 It's very human because at the end of the day,

00:16:25.340 when you go way down with machine,

00:16:27.800 go to the very bottom.

00:16:29.720 Yeah.

00:16:30.460 I did it because I was told so.

00:16:33.040 With human,

00:16:34.000 you go deep down.

00:16:35.360 I did it because I want it.

00:16:36.920 And so it's very important to recognize that,

00:16:40.100 you know,

00:16:40.240 no matter,

00:16:40.900 you know,

00:16:41.160 how much AI is being introduced in our lives,

00:16:43.720 we will remain indispensable.

00:16:45.560 That's what I learned,

00:16:46.320 you know,

00:16:46.540 from the game of chess.

00:16:47.700 So this is always an element of human,

00:16:51.240 unique human qualities that cannot be replaced by,

00:16:53.940 by,

00:16:54.280 by machines.

00:16:55.120 I don't want to sound callous.

00:16:56.480 Yes.

00:16:56.600 Every technology,

00:16:57.420 you know,

00:16:57.560 brings problems and,

00:16:58.880 and,

00:16:59.060 you know,

00:16:59.540 destroys industries,

00:17:00.560 but it also creates opportunities.

00:17:02.780 And it's very important for us to understand,

00:17:04.400 even if we belong to the last few decimal places,

00:17:07.880 so what?

00:17:08.780 It's still very important for us to actually find a way to channel this immense power of,

00:17:13.860 of,

00:17:13.980 of,

00:17:14.300 of this brute force.

00:17:15.900 Gary,

00:17:16.120 question for you though.

00:17:16.780 Question for you,

00:17:17.320 what you're saying,

00:17:17.900 because what you're saying is,

00:17:18.940 uh,

00:17:19.120 we,

00:17:19.240 we talked about this last few days and it's a topic of discussion nowadays,

00:17:21.780 that the thought about computers eventually one day taken over and doing the work of mankind.

00:17:28.900 Absolutely.

00:17:29.140 Unless you're brainwashed by Hollywood and the army of doomsayers,

00:17:33.500 it's,

00:17:34.420 yeah,

00:17:34.600 look,

00:17:34.820 you know,

00:17:35.040 it's very simple.

00:17:35.800 You know,

00:17:35.960 this is the,

00:17:36.800 it's the,

00:17:37.520 you should treat computers,

00:17:39.760 AI,

00:17:40.220 whatever,

00:17:40.640 so we can discuss the,

00:17:41.980 the,

00:17:42.240 the,

00:17:42.600 the,

00:17:43.040 the names.

00:17:44.080 It's,

00:17:44.520 it's another human creation.

00:17:47.000 It's not a magic wand,

00:17:49.120 but it's not a terminator.

00:17:50.860 It's not a harbinger of utopia or dystopia.

00:17:53.900 It is a tool.

00:17:55.380 You don't expect this to bring you to heaven,

00:17:57.500 but it's not going to open the gates of hell.

00:18:01.220 And yeah,

00:18:01.860 it's easy to sell fear.

00:18:03.540 That's why I have army of doomsayers telling you,

00:18:05.320 oh,

00:18:05.540 wow,

00:18:05.760 wow,

00:18:05.920 it's,

00:18:06.160 we're all going to die. 0.84

00:18:07.360 Why?

00:18:08.220 Machines made us stronger.

00:18:10.120 Machines made us faster.

00:18:11.900 Intelligent machines will make us smarter.

00:18:13.620 If we know how to use it.

00:18:17.240 So there's so many new opportunities just being open every day.

00:18:20.820 And by the way,

00:18:21.360 we,

00:18:21.640 we just now getting out of the pandemic crisis.

00:18:24.940 And it's the,

00:18:25.900 many of the debates we had in the past,

00:18:27.500 you know,

00:18:27.760 oh,

00:18:28.260 it's,

00:18:29.560 would you like to have driver's cars or robots in the hospitals?

00:18:33.660 How many lives could be saved if we had,

00:18:35.980 you know,

00:18:36.540 these machines,

00:18:37.380 you know,

00:18:37.640 helping us during this crisis.

00:18:39.420 And also this is something that people just don't recognize when they talk about computers.

00:18:42.920 We're going to go back to chess.

00:18:44.300 Oh,

00:18:45.160 machines,

00:18:45.760 you know,

00:18:46.160 just,

00:18:46.520 you know,

00:18:46.660 if,

00:18:46.880 if,

00:18:47.200 if they don't reach 100% perfection,

00:18:49.580 they're no good.

00:18:50.740 Nonsense.

00:18:52.020 There's no perfection in the,

00:18:53.480 in the universe.

00:18:54.800 All you should expect from computers to do better,

00:18:57.700 to make fewer mistakes.

00:18:59.540 You mentioned my match with IBM computer,

00:19:01.980 1997.

00:19:03.060 Yeah.

00:19:04.160 Actually,

00:19:04.540 I won the first one in 1996,

00:19:06.200 just for the sake of historical record.

00:19:08.660 So just,

00:19:09.200 you,

00:19:09.480 uh,

00:19:09.780 um,

00:19:12.060 and yeah,

00:19:12.780 I've faced other computers as well,

00:19:14.180 but you know,

00:19:14.900 people say,

00:19:15.400 Oh,

00:19:15.640 the 1997 match,

00:19:16.980 you know,

00:19:17.300 Gary against the blue,

00:19:18.580 that was the dawn of artificial intelligence.

00:19:22.880 Yes,

00:19:23.700 but I can tell you that the blue was as intelligent as your alarm clock.

00:19:29.360 No,

00:19:29.860 a very expensive one,

00:19:30.960 about $10 million piece,

00:19:32.420 but still it was not intelligent at all.

00:19:34.660 It didn't have to be intelligent.

00:19:36.380 All it had to do is to make fewer mistakes.

00:19:40.840 It played decent chess,

00:19:43.140 but it made fewer mistakes.

00:19:44.120 By the way,

00:19:44.500 if you have a chess app on your mobile,

00:19:47.480 it's as good or even better than the blue today.

00:19:51.700 So,

00:19:52.200 and the,

00:19:52.480 the gap between best chess player in the world today,

00:19:55.680 Magnus Carlsen,

00:19:56.580 and a chess engine that you can download on your laptop,

00:20:00.880 it's about the same as between Usain Bolt and Ferrari.

00:20:07.060 So what?

00:20:09.080 It's the,

00:20:09.580 it's,

00:20:09.920 this is again,

00:20:10.720 recognizing that game of chess,

00:20:13.040 game of go,

00:20:14.980 game of shogi,

00:20:16.380 Japanese chess,

00:20:17.660 video games like Starcraft or Dota,

00:20:21.060 Texas Hold'em poker,

00:20:23.020 those are all what I would call closed systems.

00:20:26.500 And the moment we,

00:20:27.840 we humans,

00:20:28.520 design the framework,

00:20:30.160 machines will do a better job,

00:20:31.980 simply because they make fewer mistakes.

00:20:36.020 And that's,

00:20:36.400 you know,

00:20:36.580 that's the same goes with the driver's cars.

00:20:39.460 The moment something goes wrong with driver's car,

00:20:41.720 you have a front page of a newspaper.

00:20:44.140 And what about 40,000 people being killed,

00:20:46.100 you know,

00:20:46.340 on the roads of,

00:20:47.220 of,

00:20:47.400 of this country every year by human mistakes.

00:20:50.440 So again,

00:20:51.120 the moment we understand that,

00:20:52.780 you know,

00:20:53.020 we cannot push machines to perfection and we could,

00:20:56.080 you know,

00:20:56.260 get,

00:20:56.600 you know,

00:20:57.180 again,

00:20:57.540 this like improving our bottom line.

00:21:00.100 That's what we need.

00:21:02.000 Same,

00:21:02.440 you know,

00:21:02.600 just go see with AI and just in business,

00:21:04.540 you know,

00:21:04.720 so many executives.

00:21:05.660 And I speak a lot,

00:21:06.980 of course,

00:21:07.360 as,

00:21:07.660 as,

00:21:07.960 as Patrick mentioned,

00:21:09.080 you know,

00:21:09.200 my last event was in,

00:21:10.620 in January,

00:21:11.240 2020 in France.

00:21:12.600 So,

00:21:13.060 but,

00:21:13.260 but since that I had so many online events and I could even,

00:21:19.140 even on the screen,

00:21:19.900 I could feel this anxiety,

00:21:21.720 fear,

00:21:22.240 you know,

00:21:22.660 so how can we bring it in?

00:21:24.080 What about explainability?

00:21:26.740 So what are you there,

00:21:28.120 you know,

00:21:28.400 just to explain,

00:21:29.280 you know,

00:21:29.500 how much it works or you want to improve your bottom line?

00:21:32.600 So it's,

00:21:33.020 it's,

00:21:33.360 it's,

00:21:33.800 it's,

00:21:33.860 it's,

00:21:34.000 we should not expect what machines cannot do,

00:21:36.640 but we should also be very open,

00:21:38.260 understanding what it can bring to us and how we can actually merge it.

00:21:41.920 So how we can bring together us and machines.

00:21:44.160 That's what I knew in 1997.

00:21:46.200 That's what I,

00:21:47.220 you know,

00:21:47.560 why I introduced a so-called advanced chess,

00:21:50.440 humans plus machines.

00:21:51.740 It's about finding how humans and machines collaborate.

00:21:55.220 That's the way to look into the future.

00:21:57.960 Fantastic.

00:21:58.540 With a question for you though,

00:22:00.060 because you did say when you went against deep blue,

00:22:02.280 it just makes fewer mistakes than a human does.

00:22:04.980 Right?

00:22:05.160 So if you were to get 50 phenoms,

00:22:09.200 math phenoms,

00:22:10.620 they're great at math,

00:22:11.620 but they've never played the game of chess.

00:22:13.380 You get them,

00:22:14.320 you coach them for a year.

00:22:15.880 A computer gets these five,

00:22:17.600 50 phenoms and we do a project together.

00:22:19.640 The computer teaches them chess for 12 months.

00:22:23.000 Okay.

00:22:23.260 So you got computers,

00:22:24.800 AI,

00:22:25.360 you got Gary Kasparov with writing on a sheet of paper.

00:22:28.080 12 months later,

00:22:29.200 these kids play against each other.

00:22:30.480 Who's going to be better at the game of chess?

00:22:32.160 One,

00:22:32.440 it will be one sided.

00:22:33.820 Which side?

00:22:34.740 Our side.

00:22:35.700 Tell me why.

00:22:36.420 Easily.

00:22:36.820 Why?

00:22:37.160 Because it's about teaching because it's about,

00:22:39.520 it's about,

00:22:40.120 you know,

00:22:40.460 transferring data.

00:22:41.640 This is,

00:22:42.500 you know,

00:22:42.620 this is,

00:22:43.280 that's what I said,

00:22:43.900 you know,

00:22:44.080 you have closed systems,

00:22:45.900 but there's not a shred of evidence that machines can transfer data from one closed system to another closed system.

00:22:52.440 Even if you have,

00:22:53.420 you know,

00:22:53.700 the computer,

00:22:54.760 you know,

00:22:55.080 dominating in StarCraft,

00:22:56.820 pick up a video game.

00:22:58.480 The moment you shift it from one map to another,

00:23:01.620 you have to start from the scratch.

00:23:04.520 That's again,

00:23:05.180 it's fantastic.

00:23:06.140 But again,

00:23:06.780 this is still a very human,

00:23:08.940 human role to actually,

00:23:10.880 to,

00:23:11.020 to transfer the data.

00:23:13.420 Now,

00:23:13.620 this is,

00:23:14.180 I always,

00:23:14.940 you know,

00:23:15.160 I like,

00:23:15.560 you know,

00:23:15.720 the quote that goes not from science,

00:23:18.080 but from art,

00:23:18.960 from Pablo Picasso,

00:23:20.460 who said,

00:23:21.440 computers are useless because they can only give you answers.

00:23:26.120 Think about it.

00:23:27.620 Answers only.

00:23:29.180 Because it's,

00:23:29.980 it's as a great artist,

00:23:31.120 he knew that,

00:23:32.020 you know,

00:23:32.200 to be creative,

00:23:33.180 you know,

00:23:33.400 you have to ask questions.

00:23:34.480 Questions are a beginning.

00:23:36.460 And that's where we belong.

00:23:38.380 We have to ask questions.

00:23:39.620 Oh,

00:23:40.180 machines also can ask questions.

00:23:42.700 Yes,

00:23:43.200 but they do not know what questions are relevant.

00:23:46.920 It's very important that to understand what matters most.

00:23:50.840 And that's why,

00:23:51.700 again,

00:23:51.820 I remain optimistic.

00:23:53.780 Also,

00:23:54.180 the machines getting more sophisticated.

00:23:55.760 Good,

00:23:56.020 good for me.

00:23:56.500 I'm 58.

00:23:57.380 I will never be as savvy as my kids,

00:23:59.420 you know,

00:23:59.680 just,

00:23:59.940 you know,

00:24:00.300 working with computers.

00:24:02.420 But this is the moment where I believe my expertise,

00:24:04.900 my wisdom,

00:24:06.120 my experience could actually be an important factor to start,

00:24:09.740 you know,

00:24:10.080 a very successful collaboration with,

00:24:12.640 with these machines that will not require,

00:24:14.780 you know,

00:24:14.900 a lot of technical knowledge.

00:24:17.280 Let me ask you a direct pointed question.

00:24:18.580 And I'm curious to know how you react to this.

00:24:20.940 Are you saying that because you firmly believe that?

00:24:23.480 Are you saying that because you have to believe that because that's your signature?

00:24:29.320 Meaning like if a computer does better than Gary Kasparov,

00:24:33.660 what's,

00:24:34.100 what's Gary's,

00:24:35.080 you know,

00:24:35.240 so,

00:24:35.760 so are you kind of defending your own philosophy?

00:24:38.980 Because I'll give you an idea.

00:24:40.860 Like,

00:24:41.080 you know how people say stuff like,

00:24:42.700 you know,

00:24:43.660 uh,

00:24:44.000 time magazine wrote an article talking about the fact that millennials are lazier generation than the current generation,

00:24:49.820 right?

00:24:50.060 In Rice's article,

00:24:50.780 you know,

00:24:51.040 they don't work as hard.

00:24:52.640 They're all what they want to do is they want to be on Instagram.

00:24:54.860 They want to do this.

00:24:55.640 And our generation didn't do that.

00:24:56.940 And at the end it says,

00:24:58.140 if you say the next generation is lazy,

00:25:01.560 it's just a sign that you're getting old because the generation prior used to also say that you were lazy.

00:25:08.860 So do you think there's a part of us as we're coming up that we almost don't want to give in to say AI is taking over and it's going to do the job better than us?

00:25:17.520 Um,

00:25:19.040 do I look like someone who has any doubts about what I'm saying?

00:25:23.300 Well,

00:25:23.700 that's the problem though.

00:25:24.580 That's what I'm saying.

00:25:25.180 The reason why I'm pushing you back on this is to say,

00:25:28.820 do we sometimes have blind spots because we're so confident of what worked 20 years ago?

00:25:33.880 Maybe not today.

00:25:34.880 I was the first knowledge worker on this planet who had his job threatened by a machine.

00:25:43.240 But I,

00:25:44.320 you know,

00:25:45.160 and I,

00:25:45.740 again,

00:25:45.960 all I did after the 99,

00:25:48.200 1997 match,

00:25:49.520 you know,

00:25:50.680 first I wanted to play the rematch,

00:25:53.660 the third match.

00:25:54.240 And IBM made a good business decision.

00:25:56.400 They knew that the blue was good,

00:25:57.540 but you know,

00:25:58.060 the third match probably would,

00:25:59.240 you know,

00:25:59.520 would give me a good chance of winning.

00:26:01.800 So,

00:26:02.020 and since they know they had the,

00:26:03.260 one of the highest,

00:26:03.980 uh,

00:26:04.700 uh,

00:26:05.080 performance for two weeks,

00:26:08.780 because the IBM shares jumped 22%,

00:26:11.180 you know,

00:26:11.880 over the two weeks,

00:26:12.760 you know,

00:26:13.240 since we,

00:26:13.720 when we played the match.

00:26:14.700 And many of my friends said that my biggest mistake was not to lose the match,

00:26:18.240 but not to ask the,

00:26:18.980 the options.

00:26:21.820 Uh,

00:26:22.320 and,

00:26:22.760 um,

00:26:23.540 um,

00:26:24.440 and,

00:26:24.840 uh,

00:26:25.140 I wanted to play the rematch.

00:26:26.420 And they says,

00:26:26.880 they turned me down.

00:26:27.660 And this is,

00:26:28.140 I,

00:26:28.400 I was really upset,

00:26:29.440 you know,

00:26:29.660 so I was looking forward just,

00:26:31.780 you know,

00:26:31.960 for,

00:26:32.240 for just,

00:26:32.560 you know,

00:26:32.640 to prove that,

00:26:33.260 you know,

00:26:33.440 I was still the best.

00:26:34.220 Uh,

00:26:34.760 and,

00:26:35.180 um,

00:26:35.460 and then the blue disappeared.

00:26:36.680 So I just actually recently rediscovered it.

00:26:39.300 Many of them probably also saw it.

00:26:40.740 It's,

00:26:41.060 it's,

00:26:41.320 it's,

00:26:41.560 it's doing sushi in JFK airport,

00:26:43.660 terminal five.

00:26:45.120 It's a great,

00:26:45.880 it's a great bar,

00:26:46.660 deep blue.

00:26:47.220 So I love sushi.

00:26:48.120 Never ate there.

00:26:50.160 Um,

00:26:50.860 so,

00:26:51.260 but,

00:26:51.640 um,

00:26:53.160 uh,

00:26:53.460 but speaking about this,

00:26:54.580 it's,

00:26:54.880 it's,

00:26:55.100 it's,

00:26:55.360 it's machines.

00:26:55.800 It's,

00:26:55.860 it's,

00:26:55.920 I,

00:26:56.220 you know,

00:26:56.380 I,

00:26:56.680 I wanted,

00:26:57.360 you know,

00:26:57.580 to learn,

00:26:58.860 you know,

00:26:59.160 what's next.

00:27:00.140 And as I said,

00:27:01.060 you know,

00:27:01.360 the next is working together.

00:27:03.600 You cannot beat them,

00:27:04.640 join them.

00:27:06.240 Again,

00:27:06.780 this is,

00:27:07.080 this is,

00:27:07.380 it's,

00:27:07.580 it's,

00:27:07.760 it took time,

00:27:08.440 you know,

00:27:08.600 for me to analyze,

00:27:09.620 you know,

00:27:09.880 this is the,

00:27:10.440 our performance versus their performance.

00:27:11.940 But I found out that machines will always have shortcomings.

00:27:16.240 And the future of any successful business is to finding the way,

00:27:20.780 how to make contribution,

00:27:22.220 unique human contribution to the very specific machine to create a combination that will be more

00:27:26.360 cost effective for this task.

00:27:28.820 Sounds easy,

00:27:29.960 but it's tough.

00:27:31.360 And those who can master the process will be on top of the food chain.

00:27:36.340 So,

00:27:36.740 um,

00:27:37.300 um,

00:27:37.740 I,

00:27:38.060 you know,

00:27:38.440 I have nothing to gain.

00:27:39.920 I'm 58.

00:27:40.660 So that's already,

00:27:41.460 I'm,

00:27:41.840 you know,

00:27:42.120 I'm,

00:27:42.680 I belong to the generation that,

00:27:44.260 uh,

00:27:44.580 that is threatened by the computers.

00:27:46.380 But again,

00:27:47.040 I,

00:27:47.340 I,

00:27:47.820 I'm an optimist because I believe,

00:27:49.700 you know,

00:27:49.880 machines will also help us to realize our wildest dreams.

00:27:54.020 By the way,

00:27:54.600 we dream.

00:27:55.120 Machines cannot dream.

00:27:55.820 Even in sleeping mode.

00:27:58.500 So it's important that,

00:27:59.820 you know,

00:28:00.000 we,

00:28:00.340 we see this as opportunity.

00:28:03.260 I'm an optimist,

00:28:04.260 incorrigible optimist by nature,

00:28:05.700 despite the fact I was born in the Soviet Union and had to live from Putin's Russia to live in exile.

00:28:10.100 But I still believe,

00:28:11.280 you know,

00:28:11.600 in,

00:28:11.820 in the future of humanity.

00:28:12.780 And I see so many things that happening at the same time.

00:28:15.600 It's probably,

00:28:16.000 it's kind of an irony that during the pandemics,

00:28:18.560 we saw the,

00:28:19.800 another breakthrough in the space with NASA,

00:28:22.440 with Elon Musk.

00:28:23.180 So this is important.

00:28:24.300 We are pushing forward.

00:28:25.440 By the way,

00:28:26.180 it's not we all as all humanity,

00:28:28.120 people who bought race and work in the free world.

00:28:31.820 So that's why I believe freedom is so important because that's the only guarantee that the progress will never get stalled.

00:28:39.680 You're speaking to an audience that's on the side with you.

00:28:41.940 By the way,

00:28:42.260 I'm just pushing back.

00:28:43.120 Just curious to know what you thought about that.

00:28:44.780 Going back to when he talked about when you faced Anatoly Karpov,

00:28:48.140 I think you were what?

00:28:48.880 21,

00:28:49.320 22 years old.

00:28:50.680 Prior to him,

00:28:51.520 who was the most intimidating opponent you faced?

00:28:53.860 Was there anybody you faced where you were,

00:28:55.620 you didn't know whether you were going to beat him or not?

00:28:58.440 No.

00:28:59.720 You don't even remember it.

00:29:01.480 No,

00:29:01.740 it's not remembering.

00:29:03.400 It's this,

00:29:04.120 you know,

00:29:04.380 Karpov was of course my nemesis,

00:29:05.960 you know,

00:29:06.160 because we played five world championship matches.

00:29:08.320 We spent hundreds of hours,

00:29:09.840 you know,

00:29:10.640 in front of each other at the chess board.

00:29:12.660 But again,

00:29:13.700 just going back to what my mother told me,

00:29:15.660 it's about you.

00:29:17.660 So whatever happened in the game of chess,

00:29:19.840 it was always,

00:29:20.680 you know,

00:29:21.640 my own contribution.

00:29:23.060 I did well,

00:29:23.780 I won.

00:29:24.300 I did poorly,

00:29:25.200 I lost.

00:29:26.120 But there's no one to blame.

00:29:28.080 So it's the,

00:29:29.280 yeah,

00:29:29.940 I had tough opponents,

00:29:31.240 but I always knew that if I could improve,

00:29:34.280 I would win.

00:29:35.460 When you faced him and you won,

00:29:37.140 you became the champion.

00:29:37.920 What was that like?

00:29:39.500 When you became the champion the first time and you were at the top of the world the first time,

00:29:44.280 what was that feeling like?

00:29:45.240 Look,

00:29:45.620 I,

00:29:45.960 it's probably quite ironic that my first memory of the moment being the world champion,

00:29:52.720 it's,

00:29:53.160 I won my last game against Karpov,

00:29:56.140 game 24,

00:29:57.360 1985 on November 9th.

00:29:59.680 So,

00:30:00.000 and next day there was a ceremony,

00:30:01.720 award ceremony.

00:30:02.500 So,

00:30:03.240 and,

00:30:03.480 and,

00:30:04.500 and in my book,

00:30:06.420 even I just,

00:30:06.960 you know,

00:30:07.160 I,

00:30:07.320 I,

00:30:07.520 I made it like an introduction because with all these,

00:30:10.320 you know,

00:30:10.480 hugs and kisses,

00:30:11.660 you know,

00:30:12.040 and Gary,

00:30:12.880 we know that.

00:30:14.160 So that's the,

00:30:14.500 I was standing on the stage,

00:30:16.720 you know,

00:30:18.040 you know,

00:30:18.360 just look at the picture.

00:30:19.220 There's this big hair,

00:30:21.240 flowers,

00:30:23.440 laurel.

00:30:24.680 And,

00:30:25.160 all I remember is,

00:30:27.580 it's,

00:30:27.960 then I was approached by a widow of one of the former world champions,

00:30:32.220 Rona Petrosyan,

00:30:33.420 another Armenian.

00:30:34.520 So,

00:30:34.740 Tigran Petrosyan was one of my mentors.

00:30:37.720 And she looked at me,

00:30:39.360 it was a glimpse of sadness.

00:30:42.440 And she said,

00:30:43.200 young man,

00:30:44.060 I'm sorry for you.

00:30:46.340 What?

00:30:47.520 Sorry for me?

00:30:48.440 I'm,

00:30:48.680 I'm 22.

00:30:49.420 I'm the best on this planet.

00:30:51.380 The sky's the limit.

00:30:52.600 And she repeated,

00:30:53.400 I'm sorry for you because the happiest day of your life has just passed.

00:30:59.120 Oof.

00:31:00.680 Can you imagine to hear it at age 22?

00:31:03.940 I,

00:31:04.780 I,

00:31:05.020 I have to admit,

00:31:06.220 I,

00:31:06.360 I didn't pay much attention to that.

00:31:08.220 Okay.

00:31:08.640 Things happen.

00:31:09.500 But then I,

00:31:10.120 you know,

00:31:10.300 it was,

00:31:10.740 it got,

00:31:11.700 it's,

00:31:12.140 you know,

00:31:12.380 somehow it's got stuck.

00:31:14.100 And,

00:31:14.280 and I thought,

00:31:15.380 oh,

00:31:15.720 what was it a curse or a blessing?

00:31:19.920 Because it could be a curse,

00:31:21.820 but also it gave me reasons to prove her wrong.

00:31:25.560 So just,

00:31:26.300 you know,

00:31:26.460 to do other things,

00:31:27.460 you know,

00:31:27.600 just to make sure that,

00:31:28.600 you know,

00:31:28.760 I could,

00:31:29.240 you know,

00:31:30.020 push the horizon,

00:31:31.160 not only in the game of chess.

00:31:32.600 And I stayed on top for long.

00:31:33.940 But it's just do other things.

00:31:36.260 And,

00:31:36.340 and I,

00:31:38.200 that's what,

00:31:38.560 that's what I remember.

00:31:39.600 And I think it was a great start.

00:31:41.560 Because it just,

00:31:42.360 it's,

00:31:42.820 it's made me recognize that,

00:31:44.720 you know,

00:31:44.940 it's the,

00:31:45.420 you know,

00:31:46.080 you can,

00:31:46.700 you cannot seize the process of exploration.

00:31:48.660 learning.

00:31:49.840 And,

00:31:50.420 and,

00:31:50.440 and again,

00:31:51.940 that's,

00:31:52.480 that's,

00:31:52.980 it's,

00:31:53.200 it's,

00:31:53.220 it's,

00:31:53.500 I think we all hear a lot of advices from,

00:31:59.080 you know,

00:31:59.520 from right,

00:32:00.080 left,

00:32:00.260 and the center.

00:32:00.980 But it's,

00:32:01.620 it's for us to pay attention.

00:32:03.060 It's,

00:32:03.420 again,

00:32:03.720 to understand what matters most.

00:32:06.440 I recognize that this warning was sort of a,

00:32:10.560 like a greatest push into my future.

00:32:13.080 From 84 to 05,

00:32:15.540 you're number one.

00:32:17.160 Yeah.

00:32:18.100 How the hell do you do that?

00:32:21.160 No,

00:32:21.560 no,

00:32:21.660 you act like it's normal because you're you,

00:32:23.480 like you've been you your entire life,

00:32:25.060 but we,

00:32:25.440 we are,

00:32:25.840 you know,

00:32:26.440 we're every other sport.

00:32:27.800 No one's been number one for 21 years.

00:32:29.480 How do you do that?

00:32:30.380 Look,

00:32:30.900 is it the game different?

00:32:33.220 Is it your discipline?

00:32:34.420 Is it your wanting to prove that lady wrong?

00:32:36.820 That's it.

00:32:37.060 This is going to be the biggest point,

00:32:38.320 highest point for you.

00:32:39.380 Is it your father's drive?

00:32:40.680 Is it your mom supporting you?

00:32:41.840 What was it?

00:32:43.640 Altogether.

00:32:44.900 You just keep,

00:32:45.520 keep counting because keep counting because you need,

00:32:48.400 you need,

00:32:48.820 it's,

00:32:49.100 this is a combination.

00:32:50.260 It's not just one factor.

00:32:51.520 It's all about,

00:32:52.360 it's,

00:32:52.520 it's altogether plus many more.

00:32:54.620 But on top of that is,

00:32:56.280 you know,

00:32:56.480 it's the,

00:32:57.160 it's the something I learned is,

00:32:58.700 and that's the,

00:32:59.920 that's the game was very important lesson.

00:33:02.180 It's goes beyond chess.

00:33:04.860 It's for business,

00:33:05.840 for life,

00:33:06.360 for politics.

00:33:07.060 It's,

00:33:07.640 if we lose the game,

00:33:09.760 whether it's in chess,

00:33:13.000 whether it's in other sport,

00:33:14.100 whether in,

00:33:14.540 in business deal or political campaign,

00:33:16.640 we know we did something wrong,

00:33:18.860 and we have to go back,

00:33:20.600 and we have to study where we made a mistake.

00:33:24.500 Now,

00:33:24.820 if we won,

00:33:26.420 naturally,

00:33:27.540 it's because we're great,

00:33:28.820 and we like to celebrate.

00:33:29.740 Now I can tell you,

00:33:32.180 someone who stayed on top for so long,

00:33:34.860 perfect game doesn't exist.

00:33:37.060 If you won,

00:33:38.260 it's for a simple reason,

00:33:39.380 because your opponent made the last mistake.

00:33:43.060 And it's most likely,

00:33:44.720 you also made mistakes,

00:33:46.420 or inaccuracies.

00:33:48.660 There,

00:33:48.800 there,

00:33:49.140 there,

00:33:49.220 there always no things to improve.

00:33:51.780 And,

00:33:52.340 I think one of the key elements of my success was that I was relentless with myself.

00:33:57.800 So I was brutally honest.

00:33:59.660 So I looked at my games,

00:34:01.260 and I won many more than I lost,

00:34:02.620 of course.

00:34:03.540 And I knew that,

00:34:04.600 you know,

00:34:04.940 in order to win next day,

00:34:06.560 I have to look at what I did,

00:34:09.120 find my mistakes,

00:34:10.860 and come back,

00:34:11.920 you know,

00:34:12.240 being again at the cutting edge.

00:34:14.860 So,

00:34:15.500 what I figured out,

00:34:16.980 that if you are challenging your own excellence,

00:34:20.720 you will never run short of opponents.

00:34:23.740 So that's,

00:34:24.680 that was simple.

00:34:25.240 So I knew that it's all about improving my game,

00:34:28.520 even staying on top.

00:34:30.440 Because the moment you want to rest on your laurels,

00:34:32.940 you are in trouble.

00:34:34.680 As it put in my book,

00:34:36.560 success is very often the greatest enemy of future success.

00:34:40.900 Because it can blind us.

00:34:42.580 Of course.

00:34:43.320 We think we did it,

00:34:44.360 because,

00:34:44.700 because we're the greatest,

00:34:45.820 and we can now just enjoy life.

00:34:48.480 The moment you enjoy life,

00:34:50.420 you're done.

00:34:51.820 Gary,

00:34:52.500 in basketball,

00:34:53.460 it doesn't mean that you don't have to enjoy life,

00:34:55.440 of course.

00:34:56.220 Gary,

00:34:56.540 in basketball,

00:34:57.780 they say your knees go,

00:34:59.300 right?

00:35:00.160 In baseball,

00:35:00.880 you're just getting older,

00:35:02.020 because you can't run as fast,

00:35:03.540 let's just say.

00:35:04.020 Football,

00:35:04.500 you just can't run or throw the way you're throwing the ball,

00:35:06.680 unless if your name is Brady.

00:35:08.280 But in,

00:35:08.780 in your world,

00:35:09.740 what goes?

00:35:10.660 Because,

00:35:11.120 it's not like you're running to make a move,

00:35:13.100 you're sitting there,

00:35:13.680 you're making a move,

00:35:14.260 so the career can be longer.

00:35:16.220 What,

00:35:16.600 what eventually gets to a point,

00:35:18.200 is it just the fact that you're like,

00:35:19.460 21 years,

00:35:20.160 I've been to everybody,

00:35:20.840 it doesn't matter to me anymore.

00:35:22.980 It doesn't,

00:35:23.760 I don't get the same satisfaction,

00:35:25.160 wanting to win anymore.

00:35:26.080 What,

00:35:26.260 what goes away in your world?

00:35:28.160 I don't know if you understand the question I'm asking.

00:35:29.860 I,

00:35:30.140 I do.

00:35:30.580 Okay.

00:35:31.040 I do,

00:35:31.540 yes.

00:35:32.460 Um,

00:35:33.740 uh,

00:35:34.240 the two,

00:35:34.800 two factors.

00:35:35.600 One is,

00:35:36.340 as,

00:35:36.660 as you described,

00:35:37.380 you know,

00:35:38.440 you're getting,

00:35:39.080 not bored,

00:35:39.680 but you're running out of excitement.

00:35:43.300 Uh,

00:35:43.740 just bringing back the theme that I just mentioned,

00:35:46.300 uh,

00:35:46.660 at the beginning of our conversation,

00:35:47.760 I reached a point where I knew I would not able to make the same difference.

00:35:53.260 Yeah.

00:35:53.780 It's winning.

00:35:54.640 Yeah.

00:35:54.800 But it's not,

00:35:55.560 not the same drive,

00:35:56.880 but also age,

00:35:58.520 you know,

00:35:58.960 age,

00:35:59.520 uh,

00:35:59.820 counts because it's all about energy that you can spend and concentration.

00:36:04.500 And concentration means that,

00:36:05.860 you know,

00:36:05.980 your brains,

00:36:06.980 you know,

00:36:07.100 every,

00:36:07.360 you know,

00:36:07.620 every mental power,

00:36:09.120 piece of mental power you can,

00:36:10.260 you can mobilize is there.

00:36:11.880 You're getting older.

00:36:12.920 You have families,

00:36:13.680 you have kids,

00:36:14.340 you know,

00:36:14.560 you have other things.

00:36:15.180 And it's trust me,

00:36:16.960 it's impossible,

00:36:17.640 you know,

00:36:17.840 just to switch.

00:36:18.480 Oh,

00:36:18.820 I do six hours,

00:36:20.360 you know,

00:36:20.660 just,

00:36:21.080 uh,

00:36:21.200 and then I,

00:36:21.960 no,

00:36:22.500 you cannot forget it.

00:36:23.240 It's somewhere that you have some conscience.

00:36:24.840 Now I'm,

00:36:26.080 I'm,

00:36:26.540 I retired from professional chess in 2005.

00:36:29.100 I play occasionally some events and people say,

00:36:32.180 Gary,

00:36:32.580 you know how to move the pieces,

00:36:34.200 you know,

00:36:34.600 you,

00:36:35.240 yeah.

00:36:35.700 Why don't you just go back and say,

00:36:37.680 guys,

00:36:38.660 how can I do that?

00:36:39.960 I have so many things,

00:36:41.220 you know,

00:36:41.440 I cannot,

00:36:41.940 you know,

00:36:42.120 just erase everything.

00:36:43.260 It's not a hard disc.

00:36:44.280 So I cannot,

00:36:45.720 you know,

00:36:45.900 just do the sweeping operation,

00:36:47.380 uh,

00:36:47.840 you know,

00:36:48.080 in my,

00:36:48.560 in my brains at any,

00:36:50.020 any moment,

00:36:50.660 you know,

00:36:50.920 I'm at the board.

00:36:51.700 So I will be still,

00:36:52.400 you know,

00:36:52.580 just having some thoughts,

00:36:54.120 you know,

00:36:54.300 that,

00:36:54.620 that,

00:36:54.920 that will basically jeopardize this,

00:36:56.820 this process.

00:36:58.380 Concentration.

00:36:59.640 It's not,

00:37:00.240 it's not there because I'm,

00:37:01.600 you know,

00:37:01.780 it's,

00:37:02.020 it's somehow over last 16 years,

00:37:04.080 this is,

00:37:04.500 I rebuilt my,

00:37:05.760 the working algorithm.

00:37:06.920 So I can do things,

00:37:08.280 you know,

00:37:08.440 one hour,

00:37:08.900 two hours presentations,

00:37:10.100 but not six hours game,

00:37:11.900 not even 25 minutes because it's just,

00:37:13.520 it's,

00:37:13.760 it's a different kind of exercise.

00:37:16.040 Big deal.

00:37:16.760 So again,

00:37:17.060 you just have to remember what you can do and what you cannot do.

00:37:21.780 Gary,

00:37:22.380 uh,

00:37:22.640 when you,

00:37:23.300 when you're looking at the game of a chess,

00:37:25.260 what do you,

00:37:25.580 how do you see the game?

00:37:26.560 Like from your lens,

00:37:27.540 if you put your lens on so we can learn from you,

00:37:29.880 do you look at it as war?

00:37:31.220 Do you look at it as,

00:37:32.300 uh,

00:37:33.260 uh,

00:37:33.540 purely from a mathematics,

00:37:34.880 you know,

00:37:35.680 point of view,

00:37:36.400 how are you looking at the game?

00:37:39.000 Um,

00:37:39.620 it's,

00:37:40.020 it's a game.

00:37:40.620 So it's the,

00:37:41.440 I don't think it's,

00:37:42.080 it's mathematics or,

00:37:43.180 or,

00:37:43.460 or any other science.

00:37:45.340 It's,

00:37:45.500 it requires a lot of preparation.

00:37:46.940 So I,

00:37:48.040 um,

00:37:48.360 I'm still very passionate about the game.

00:37:50.020 So I love the game.

00:37:51.040 I like watching,

00:37:52.180 I love watching the games.

00:37:53.520 I just playing,

00:37:54.340 you know,

00:37:54.520 online and just doing exhibitions.

00:37:56.100 So it's still,

00:37:57.420 it takes a considerable part of my life.

00:38:00.540 Uh,

00:38:00.940 again,

00:38:01.160 I just know my limitations that I'm no longer professional player.

00:38:03.580 I'm probably the strongest amateur on the planet.

00:38:06.120 Uh,

00:38:06.660 um,

00:38:07.320 but,

00:38:07.840 um,

00:38:08.640 um,

00:38:09.020 when I play chess,

00:38:10.520 it's,

00:38:11.240 it was everything.

00:38:13.020 So it's,

00:38:13.440 again,

00:38:13.900 you play,

00:38:15.340 you have to,

00:38:16.340 uh,

00:38:16.940 invest,

00:38:17.900 you know,

00:38:18.240 all you have into the game.

00:38:19.860 So whether it's,

00:38:20.700 you may call it a war,

00:38:21.680 it's a,

00:38:21.960 it may call psychological warfare because we're sitting against each other.

00:38:25.180 And it's just,

00:38:25.880 it's the,

00:38:26.680 if thanks to the queen's gambit,

00:38:28.680 I think a lot of people recognize the intensity of the game.

00:38:31.880 So I,

00:38:32.700 I was very proud that,

00:38:34.060 you know,

00:38:34.220 as an advisor to,

00:38:35.300 to Scott Frank.

00:38:36.040 So I added so many details that to made it very realistic.

00:38:40.060 And,

00:38:40.500 and for those,

00:38:41.260 because very often I'm being asked,

00:38:42.560 you know,

00:38:42.640 what are the pictures?

00:38:43.500 I'm sure many of you watch this,

00:38:44.960 the series that's,

00:38:46.020 it was, 0.95

00:38:46.300 best Harmon looking at the ceiling with the pig. 0.60

00:38:49.300 They say,

00:38:49.620 Oh,

00:38:49.780 it's,

00:38:49.960 it's,

00:38:50.280 it's Hollywood.

00:38:50.940 I said,

00:38:51.100 no,

00:38:51.240 no,

00:38:51.320 no,

00:38:51.460 that's not Hollywood.

00:38:52.220 It's a Hollywood production,

00:38:53.420 but that's exactly how many of us,

00:38:55.160 you know,

00:38:55.500 thought during the game.

00:38:57.460 Yes.

00:38:57.660 You look at the board,

00:38:58.320 but then it can take,

00:38:59.060 take your eyes away.

00:38:59.820 That's,

00:39:00.260 this is the way that you can just somehow refresh your,

00:39:03.520 your attitude.

00:39:07.660 So I just to find some new,

00:39:09.620 new ideas because we don't have to look at the board just to,

00:39:12.020 to analyze it.

00:39:13.020 So I,

00:39:14.380 you know,

00:39:14.800 I,

00:39:15.280 again,

00:39:15.460 enjoyed it immensely.

00:39:16.180 And,

00:39:16.620 and I,

00:39:17.480 you know,

00:39:17.940 it was a never ending process of acquiring data,

00:39:22.560 analyzing it and coming up with new ideas,

00:39:25.160 fresh ideas.

00:39:26.020 Yeah.

00:39:26.380 I,

00:39:26.640 I ask it for a reason.

00:39:27.720 I'll get to my question in a minute here,

00:39:29.080 but let me go in a different direction.

00:39:30.980 So in business world,

00:39:32.600 you'll have a business plan.

00:39:33.920 We write a business plan and here's what we're going to do.

00:39:36.020 Q1 this month,

00:39:37.020 second quarter,

00:39:37.620 third quarter,

00:39:38.080 fourth quarter.

00:39:38.760 And then we're going to expand here.

00:39:40.000 We're going to take this cap and I'm going to hire five employees here.

00:39:42.180 We're going to go to this office.

00:39:43.200 Anyways,

00:39:43.380 you put a business plan together and then COVID happens.

00:39:46.860 And then somebody in your company leaves and goes to the competitor.

00:39:50.940 They take three clients away from you.

00:39:52.240 Things are just how much of the game you play.

00:39:55.300 You play because you're initiating and making can react to you.

00:39:59.000 And how much of it is it you're reacting to your opponent's moves?

00:40:07.980 Um,

00:40:08.660 I think when people talked about Charles Darwin,

00:40:12.500 I think often they got it wrong because actually the Darwin theory said that

00:40:17.560 it's not the strongest piece,

00:40:20.020 uh,

00:40:20.300 species that survive,

00:40:22.260 not the smartest,

00:40:23.800 but the most adaptable to change.

00:40:27.700 That's it.

00:40:28.380 So it's about your ability to adapt.

00:40:31.260 And these days it's the most valuable quality power that guarantees success.

00:40:37.440 As you said,

00:40:38.760 COVID happens.

00:40:39.820 Things can happen.

00:40:41.320 And it's just,

00:40:41.780 it's,

00:40:42.080 it's,

00:40:42.460 you know,

00:40:42.780 and,

00:40:43.300 and that's why,

00:40:44.620 you know,

00:40:45.020 I always argued and it's,

00:40:47.000 it's my book is a special chapter,

00:40:48.440 how life you meet HS,

00:40:49.560 special chapter called attack us advantage.

00:40:51.340 Yes.

00:40:52.660 People know if you are in the attack,

00:40:54.780 you take risk,

00:40:55.840 but there was also benefits because you are ahead.

00:41:00.680 You,

00:41:01.140 you,

00:41:01.340 you,

00:41:01.640 you can be ahead of the curve,

00:41:02.820 just on,

00:41:03.380 on this curve.

00:41:03.900 Sure.

00:41:04.180 You can see what's happening there.

00:41:05.620 So I think these days attacker's advantage is more valuable than ever.

00:41:12.020 Wow.

00:41:12.980 Because,

00:41:13.700 because again,

00:41:14.400 it's taking risk is risky.

00:41:16.800 Yep.

00:41:17.560 Not taking risk is much riskier.

00:41:20.960 What split would you put on that?

00:41:22.540 80,

00:41:22.780 20,

00:41:23.340 70,

00:41:23.780 30?

00:41:23.820 I don't know.

00:41:24.340 This is again,

00:41:24.640 that's,

00:41:24.880 that depends,

00:41:25.420 but it's,

00:41:25.920 you know,

00:41:26.280 it's for so long,

00:41:28.240 we knew that,

00:41:29.240 you know,

00:41:29.540 that's the,

00:41:29.980 the philosophy of business was to mitigate risk,

00:41:35.080 how to reduce it.

00:41:36.680 And by the way,

00:41:37.100 this is,

00:41:37.380 it's just like once I did an experiment.

00:41:38.940 So you can use a Google Ngram and you can look at the books for a hundred years and,

00:41:46.200 and find out how certain words have been used.

00:41:50.860 And,

00:41:51.420 you know,

00:41:51.980 you can check and it's,

00:41:52.900 it's,

00:41:53.080 it's always,

00:41:53.640 you know,

00:41:53.800 shows the,

00:41:54.580 the,

00:41:54.820 the,

00:41:55.120 the change in the public attitude and,

00:41:57.720 and,

00:41:57.920 and in technology,

00:41:58.980 you put the word computer,

00:42:00.440 you put it for the phone.

00:42:01.340 So phone goes up and then a little bit down.

00:42:03.620 And then with mobile phones goes up against.

00:42:05.540 There's only one word that I found that,

00:42:08.160 that didn't behave,

00:42:09.460 you know,

00:42:09.700 following the pattern.

00:42:10.980 It's called risk.

00:42:13.200 Until mid,

00:42:14.320 late sixties,

00:42:15.220 it was almost non-existing.

00:42:17.300 And then it jumped exponentially.

00:42:20.640 We discovered risk and we wanted to mitigate this risk.

00:42:24.740 We wanted to handle it.

00:42:26.220 We want to minimize it.

00:42:27.740 Forgetting the fact that,

00:42:29.340 oh,

00:42:29.400 if you minimize risk,

00:42:30.740 you also have to sacrifice benefits.

00:42:34.080 Ah,

00:42:34.260 we can print money.

00:42:35.000 Of course,

00:42:35.540 that's what we've been doing for a long time.

00:42:38.240 So to compensate,

00:42:40.240 but it's,

00:42:40.520 it's,

00:42:40.640 it's,

00:42:40.960 it's,

00:42:41.160 it's,

00:42:41.480 you know,

00:42:41.840 it's insane just to even to think,

00:42:44.040 you know,

00:42:44.420 how many great things happened in the past because people didn't,

00:42:47.280 you know,

00:42:47.760 pay much attention to risk.

00:42:50.060 The,

00:42:50.340 every of you has a mobile device that is 10,000 times more powerful than,

00:42:57.740 than all computing power of NASA in 1969 when Americans landed in the,

00:43:03.380 on the moon.

00:43:06.760 So,

00:43:07.440 maybe that's,

00:43:10.360 that's happened because they couldn't calculate the risk.

00:43:14.420 Because today we would know that the risk of losing the crew would be 25 to 30%.

00:43:19.020 show me the president of the United States would authorize such a mission today.

00:43:24.480 So again,

00:43:25.300 it's this discovering risk has consequences.

00:43:28.800 Yeah,

00:43:29.000 risk,

00:43:29.440 risk is a problem,

00:43:30.320 but you know,

00:43:30.720 it's the,

00:43:31.420 you know,

00:43:31.680 we,

00:43:32.060 we,

00:43:32.260 we,

00:43:32.300 we build systems,

00:43:34.020 you know,

00:43:34.280 that's,

00:43:34.540 that,

00:43:34.620 that had to make sure that,

00:43:35.980 you know,

00:43:36.460 no risk will find a hole to,

00:43:38.880 to,

00:43:39.040 to jeopardize our business.

00:43:41.600 Yeah,

00:43:41.800 it's just by FDA regulations,

00:43:45.060 you know,

00:43:45.440 penicillin would be banned today.

00:43:46.860 The first test because every fifth person shows allergy.

00:43:50.720 Some people say even maybe even Tylenol will not make it through.

00:43:53.760 So what's happened during the pandemics,

00:43:55.660 all of a sudden rules changed because the companies that abandoned research in antibiotics and vaccines for a simple reason,

00:44:05.800 because 95%,

00:44:07.280 90% was not good.

00:44:09.380 It 99.9%,

00:44:11.440 you know,

00:44:11.660 could lead to a trouble,

00:44:12.680 you know,

00:44:12.920 with our army of lawyers,

00:44:14.260 you know,

00:44:14.420 going after you if you fail once.

00:44:16.220 But now we needed something,

00:44:17.600 we need a miracle.

00:44:19.500 And,

00:44:19.800 and I think that's now we seeing this change in this attitude.

00:44:23.360 It's more and more people recognize that,

00:44:25.740 you know,

00:44:26.020 you have to incorporate risk.

00:44:27.980 Yes,

00:44:28.840 it's risky.

00:44:29.700 Yes,

00:44:30.080 you can lose,

00:44:31.120 but you have potential benefits.

00:44:32.320 At the end of the day,

00:44:32.860 that's,

00:44:33.200 that's about capitalism.

00:44:35.640 You just,

00:44:36.160 it's the,

00:44:37.680 it's the,

00:44:38.340 you know,

00:44:40.120 it's the Winston Churchill said that the inherent vice of capitalism is an equal distribution of the blessing of blessings.

00:44:51.240 But the inherent virtue of socialism is equal sharing of miseries.

00:44:57.720 So,

00:44:59.340 yeah,

00:45:00.240 we,

00:45:00.560 you know,

00:45:01.020 we have to take our,

00:45:02.020 we have to take our chances.

00:45:03.680 Yes.

00:45:03.940 And,

00:45:04.220 and I think again,

00:45:04.960 this is,

00:45:05.280 we have something that was not available in 1969 or in the 70s or the 80s.

00:45:10.320 We have these very powerful devices.

00:45:13.400 You know,

00:45:13.880 just how do we use them?

00:45:15.020 You know,

00:45:15.320 do we use them wisely?

00:45:16.460 Do we use them effectively?

00:45:18.260 I don't think so.

00:45:20.140 So,

00:45:20.600 just,

00:45:20.820 you know,

00:45:21.000 find a way to utilize this enormous power that have been created in the free world.

00:45:25.780 And again,

00:45:28.000 we,

00:45:28.140 we showed with vaccines.

00:45:30.540 It took 10 months to come up with vaccines.

00:45:33.140 By the way,

00:45:33.680 created in the free world.

00:45:35.480 For,

00:45:35.680 for those who are arguing about the two different systems,

00:45:38.760 I always tell,

00:45:39.680 we had an experiment.

00:45:41.820 China gave us virus.

00:45:43.340 America gave us vaccine.

00:45:44.360 I like the fact that you're not a very controversial and you,

00:45:53.780 you play the safe game.

00:45:55.020 Yeah.

00:45:55.440 I respect that a lot about you.

00:45:56.700 Yeah.

00:45:56.800 All my life.

00:45:57.560 I tried to just,

00:45:58.400 just to be very around,

00:45:59.760 you know,

00:45:59.980 it's very obvious.

00:46:01.480 Yes.

00:46:01.840 Yes.

00:46:02.080 It's evident.

00:46:02.800 It's just very evident.

00:46:03.700 But since you brought that up.

00:46:05.500 I hope you are not sponsored by Huawei or Chinese companies.

00:46:08.200 If there is a room,

00:46:11.020 you would be safer to talk about that stuff more.

00:46:13.600 It would probably,

00:46:14.160 there's probably that room doesn't exist.

00:46:15.640 This is the safest room for you to talk about what you just talked about.

00:46:18.600 But let's,

00:46:19.360 let's go back and a little bit more deeper into that.

00:46:21.760 You know,

00:46:22.200 I was going to do Q and A's,

00:46:24.300 but I'm going to take some of their time and I'm going to ask you the questions.

00:46:27.180 So this young lady over here talked about how last night she had meetings with a couple other people.

00:46:32.460 And they were talking about what it was like to be in Russia,

00:46:36.000 what it was like to be an immigrant,

00:46:37.660 why they love America so much.

00:46:39.700 You know,

00:46:40.020 what makes this thing so special?

00:46:42.000 You talked about Baku.

00:46:43.620 You talked about your first experience when you went to a capitalistic country.

00:46:46.660 And you're like,

00:46:47.160 I've never seen this before because my brain was,

00:46:49.960 you know,

00:46:50.560 controlled in a certain way.

00:46:51.900 I was born and raised in Iran.

00:46:53.240 I lived there 10 years in Iran.

00:46:55.540 It's Madik Bar Amrikah,

00:46:57.300 death upon America. 0.99

00:46:58.340 This is the worst country in the world. 0.97

00:47:00.240 Why is it?

00:47:00.920 There's a competition.

00:47:01.800 Why is it that so many people who have lived in a communistic,

00:47:10.260 socialistic regime are doing whatever they can to come to capitalistic?

00:47:14.780 What makes it sexy?

00:47:16.500 What is such a big turnoff with communism and socialism to you?

00:47:20.580 Look,

00:47:21.120 it's about freedom.

00:47:23.420 I agree.

00:47:24.420 It's about that.

00:47:25.580 Look,

00:47:26.380 there's no guarantee of success,

00:47:28.860 but you have a chance.

00:47:30.180 Can I stop you right there?

00:47:32.000 Here's the angle I want you to take.

00:47:33.280 Here's the angle I want you to take.

00:47:35.680 Present to us what it was like to live in a communistic regime.

00:47:40.180 What was that like?

00:47:41.320 Because again,

00:47:42.220 most people don't know that life.

00:47:45.140 They don't know that world.

00:47:46.740 And then give...

00:47:47.260 Thanks God you don't know.

00:47:48.300 Yeah.

00:47:48.500 If you don't mind presenting that.

00:47:49.720 I don't think I can tell you in a few minutes,

00:47:51.400 but you,

00:47:52.520 you know,

00:47:52.900 it's...

00:47:53.680 I think the problem with Americans, 1.00

00:47:55.540 you take things for granted.

00:48:02.720 You keep forgetting the wise words of Ronald Reagan,

00:48:07.740 you know,

00:48:08.260 from just,

00:48:08.780 I think,

00:48:09.000 1967,

00:48:09.980 his inaugural speech,

00:48:10.900 when he became governor of California,

00:48:12.820 that freedom is a fragile thing.

00:48:15.160 And it's never more than one generation away from extinction.

00:48:19.980 That's why I think it's so important to hear people like me.

00:48:23.020 But maybe I'm just...

00:48:24.180 I'm the wrong person because I was successful.

00:48:27.200 But there's so many people coming to America.

00:48:29.260 They look at America.

00:48:30.300 The way we looked,

00:48:31.240 you know,

00:48:31.640 from the other side of our curtain.

00:48:34.400 For us,

00:48:34.920 it was a proverbial shining city on a hill.

00:48:38.120 You know,

00:48:38.320 we knew America had problems.

00:48:40.340 Again,

00:48:40.700 there's no perfection in this world.

00:48:42.220 But you compare this country to any other place on the planet,

00:48:47.220 you will not find a place that offers more opportunities

00:48:49.800 for people,

00:48:52.060 you know,

00:48:52.680 just of all races,

00:48:54.420 genders,

00:48:55.380 you know,

00:48:55.980 with...

00:48:56.580 This is...

00:48:58.220 And that's why people like me

00:49:01.340 are just getting so

00:49:02.820 concerned

00:49:05.360 when self-criticism

00:49:07.860 turns into self-flagulation.

00:49:10.440 Because every time,

00:49:11.860 you know,

00:49:12.280 we hear,

00:49:13.060 you know,

00:49:13.500 this is the noises

00:49:14.680 in this country

00:49:15.620 that are aimed

00:49:17.240 at the very foundation

00:49:18.440 of this great nation.

00:49:20.280 That's what helps dictators 0.87

00:49:21.640 in Russia,

00:49:22.580 in China,

00:49:23.100 in Iran.

00:49:23.620 Because,

00:49:23.900 ah,

00:49:24.120 look at America. 0.98

00:49:25.660 America is bad. 0.99

00:49:26.720 America is built on evil. 1.00

00:49:27.960 Nonsense.

00:49:29.300 This country was built

00:49:30.440 on great expectations

00:49:32.180 of people

00:49:32.740 that wanted to build a...

00:49:34.120 Want to create

00:49:35.200 a world to...

00:49:37.100 You know,

00:49:37.320 for free people.

00:49:38.540 This...

00:49:39.320 full of opportunities.

00:49:40.560 And while there's always

00:49:42.840 room for improvement,

00:49:45.000 but you need

00:49:45.780 a good foundation,

00:49:46.700 you need a good basis

00:49:47.320 for that.

00:49:47.960 And people like me

00:49:48.760 would know that.

00:49:50.720 And,

00:49:51.060 you know,

00:49:51.580 for those who say,

00:49:52.420 oh,

00:49:52.940 America,

00:49:54.180 I'll,

00:49:54.640 you know,

00:49:55.940 overplayed his hand,

00:49:57.380 her hand.

00:49:58.300 So,

00:49:58.640 America,

00:49:59.220 you know,

00:49:59.460 went everywhere.

00:50:00.700 So,

00:50:00.940 this is...

00:50:01.540 Oh,

00:50:02.080 it's...

00:50:02.640 America should not be

00:50:03.740 a world policeman.

00:50:06.040 Okay,

00:50:06.460 fine.

00:50:06.680 You know what happens

00:50:08.540 when policeman is on the beat?

00:50:09.860 Look at Kabul.

00:50:12.880 So,

00:50:13.360 it's the...

00:50:14.240 It's a...

00:50:14.620 It's globalization means

00:50:16.320 that you have a responsibility.

00:50:18.400 And America is still a leader.

00:50:20.580 People look at America

00:50:21.580 as a country

00:50:23.220 that still can,

00:50:23.960 you know,

00:50:24.200 can lead the world,

00:50:24.920 free world.

00:50:25.820 Unfortunately,

00:50:27.500 they don't have

00:50:28.200 the same America 0.62

00:50:28.800 I used to have

00:50:29.420 when I was a kid

00:50:30.080 living in the Soviet Union.

00:50:31.860 And we're missing that.

00:50:33.000 By the way,

00:50:33.280 you're also missing that

00:50:34.160 because it's the...

00:50:35.300 Ignoring the freedom of others.

00:50:36.720 You know,

00:50:36.940 basically,

00:50:37.360 you know,

00:50:37.520 hits you at home as well.

00:50:39.300 So,

00:50:39.680 I can take my stand.

00:50:41.820 So,

00:50:41.940 I know that a lot of people,

00:50:43.700 you know,

00:50:43.940 may feel uncomfortable

00:50:45.580 with what I'm saying.

00:50:46.700 But I speak on behalf

00:50:48.020 of millions and millions

00:50:49.140 and millions of people

00:50:49.980 from Iran,

00:50:50.620 Afghanistan,

00:50:51.300 Russia,

00:50:51.860 other places

00:50:52.560 who look at America

00:50:54.100 and they...

00:50:54.940 They're confused.

00:50:57.520 They're scared.

00:50:58.380 They just don't understand

00:50:59.460 how come

00:51:00.660 that this great power now

00:51:02.200 is on retreat,

00:51:03.560 is on the run.

00:51:04.840 It's just,

00:51:05.380 you know,

00:51:05.660 it's...

00:51:06.400 It looked inward

00:51:07.180 and it's destroying

00:51:08.800 the foundation

00:51:09.720 that helped to build

00:51:10.920 the greatest nation of yours.

00:51:14.300 Absolutely.

00:51:15.540 Why didn't you...

00:51:17.380 You know,

00:51:18.000 you had political aspirations.

00:51:20.220 No,

00:51:20.400 I don't.

00:51:20.960 You did.

00:51:22.160 You had...

00:51:22.400 I never had it.

00:51:23.220 No,

00:51:23.380 no,

00:51:23.500 no.

00:51:23.540 In 08,

00:51:24.100 you said you wanted to run.

00:51:25.500 Look,

00:51:25.760 you know,

00:51:25.960 it's just running

00:51:26.720 in Putin's Russia 0.59

00:51:27.560 was like sending a message

00:51:29.360 because I knew

00:51:30.820 that I would never be

00:51:31.900 on the ballot.

00:51:33.240 It's just...

00:51:33.740 It's again...

00:51:34.340 And by the way,

00:51:34.960 it was in 2007.

00:51:37.240 That's what I called

00:51:38.160 vegetarian time in Russia

00:51:40.080 because for protesting

00:51:41.560 in the streets,

00:51:42.180 you can end up in jail

00:51:43.240 as myself

00:51:43.780 for five or ten days.

00:51:45.320 Being beaten,

00:51:46.120 abused,

00:51:46.500 but today,

00:51:47.500 if you show up

00:51:48.440 on the street,

00:51:49.280 it will be five to ten years.

00:51:50.400 So,

00:51:52.700 look,

00:51:54.100 I marched

00:51:55.140 and we did it peacefully.

00:51:57.160 I can proudly say

00:51:58.100 that unlike

00:51:58.580 in many other countries,

00:51:59.840 including this one,

00:52:01.640 during our protests

00:52:02.800 from 2005 to 2011,

00:52:05.360 we did not have

00:52:06.200 a single broken window.

00:52:08.920 I'm not even talking

00:52:09.600 about burnt cars.

00:52:11.180 The only violence

00:52:12.100 on the streets of Russia

00:52:13.140 was caused

00:52:13.980 by Putin's riot police

00:52:15.280 and security officers.

00:52:18.540 People who marched

00:52:19.840 with me

00:52:20.380 they're either

00:52:21.540 in exile like myself,

00:52:23.540 in jail like Alexei Navalny,

00:52:25.560 or killed like

00:52:26.300 Boris Demtsov.

00:52:28.300 That's a sad reality

00:52:29.700 of Russia.

00:52:31.080 And all we have there

00:52:32.060 is a window.

00:52:33.880 Window,

00:52:34.660 you know,

00:52:35.080 built by a KGB officer

00:52:36.840 to sell

00:52:38.620 to the Western leaders

00:52:40.040 that would like

00:52:40.580 to buy

00:52:41.580 this fake story.

00:52:43.780 Unfortunately,

00:52:44.260 there are many of them.

00:52:45.560 And by the way,

00:52:45.940 one thing that Putin did,

00:52:47.000 I have to say

00:52:47.500 that it's...

00:52:48.280 Give him credit.

00:52:49.660 He proved

00:52:50.260 that

00:52:51.460 the West

00:52:53.560 also could be corrupt. 0.89

00:52:56.440 It's...

00:52:56.920 I never thought

00:52:57.900 that, you know,

00:52:58.360 I would see

00:52:59.100 widespread corruption

00:53:01.360 in the free world

00:53:02.420 the way Putin

00:53:03.660 exposed it

00:53:04.400 because he had

00:53:05.740 access to more money

00:53:07.020 than any other individual

00:53:08.460 in the history

00:53:09.080 of humanity.

00:53:09.840 I think directly

00:53:11.460 or indirectly

00:53:12.040 he controls

00:53:12.680 something like

00:53:13.280 one trillion dollars,

00:53:14.860 one trillion dollars

00:53:16.760 through Russian budget,

00:53:18.800 funds,

00:53:19.700 oligarchs,

00:53:20.260 fortunes,

00:53:20.880 and he can move money

00:53:22.440 here and there.

00:53:23.820 And it's proved

00:53:24.820 irresistible.

00:53:27.040 And that's a...

00:53:28.300 That's again,

00:53:28.880 that tells you

00:53:29.540 that our problem

00:53:30.540 is also your problem

00:53:31.440 because it eats

00:53:34.180 a life,

00:53:35.020 the institutions

00:53:36.320 that guaranteed

00:53:37.500 your freedom

00:53:38.580 and your prosperity.

00:53:40.480 Why wouldn't you

00:53:41.240 have political aspirations,

00:53:42.400 though?

00:53:42.540 I mean,

00:53:42.720 if you think

00:53:44.100 in your vocal

00:53:46.240 and the way

00:53:47.000 you're giving your points,

00:53:48.420 truth is cutting

00:53:49.300 through lies

00:53:50.400 and controversy

00:53:51.680 and you're doing it

00:53:52.500 in a way

00:53:52.820 if somebody says

00:53:53.400 this makes sense,

00:53:54.120 why wouldn't you

00:53:54.900 use that ability

00:53:55.800 to go do something good?

00:53:56.900 Look,

00:53:57.840 again,

00:53:58.120 I always thought

00:54:00.080 that I was

00:54:01.080 in the field

00:54:02.180 of human rights

00:54:03.900 and democracy.

00:54:05.120 I don't have,

00:54:06.340 you know,

00:54:06.620 they probably

00:54:07.680 just,

00:54:08.120 I'm not built

00:54:09.060 just to run

00:54:11.580 the campaign

00:54:12.220 and just,

00:54:12.640 I'm happy

00:54:13.340 to support

00:54:13.900 the right people.

00:54:15.300 I'm good,

00:54:15.640 I want to inspire people.

00:54:18.500 I just,

00:54:18.760 you know,

00:54:18.880 I just...

00:54:19.120 Well,

00:54:19.280 that's a part of it.

00:54:20.080 Yeah,

00:54:20.440 but I do.

00:54:21.540 But,

00:54:22.160 I don't know,

00:54:23.320 I just,

00:54:23.640 I never thought

00:54:24.880 of myself

00:54:25.360 just running

00:54:26.300 from office

00:54:26.860 doing it seriously

00:54:28.900 because there's

00:54:29.420 so many other

00:54:30.160 things I can do.

00:54:31.480 Yeah,

00:54:31.640 maybe it's wrong,

00:54:32.340 I don't know.

00:54:32.880 No,

00:54:33.080 no,

00:54:33.120 but it's...

00:54:33.540 But I'm not even,

00:54:34.980 I live here

00:54:35.960 on the green card

00:54:36.640 so as the,

00:54:37.700 it's,

00:54:38.260 and I,

00:54:40.640 I cannot run

00:54:41.620 from office here

00:54:42.300 so,

00:54:43.040 anyway,

00:54:44.500 but I'm very happy

00:54:45.260 to inspire those

00:54:46.140 who are willing

00:54:46.920 to take their chances

00:54:47.940 and I'm,

00:54:48.520 you know,

00:54:48.840 I'm ready to throw my,

00:54:50.260 my weight.

00:54:50.300 We don't know each other.

00:54:51.420 This is the first time

00:54:52.080 we're meeting,

00:54:52.560 yes?

00:54:53.480 Yeah,

00:54:53.860 if you don't count the Zoom.

00:54:54.760 The Zoom,

00:54:55.060 the Zoom that we have,

00:54:55.800 but this is the first time

00:54:56.520 you and I are physically meeting.

00:54:58.080 You know,

00:54:58.560 almost everybody

00:55:00.980 that eventually,

00:55:02.580 like the people

00:55:03.320 I'm concerned about

00:55:04.180 that run

00:55:04.680 are the people

00:55:05.240 that from,

00:55:05.680 they were six years old,

00:55:06.660 they wanted to be

00:55:07.240 a president one day.

00:55:08.020 That's the guy

00:55:08.460 that wants power.

00:55:09.040 I'm concerned about that

00:55:09.860 but sometimes,

00:55:11.400 you know,

00:55:12.120 there,

00:55:12.480 there are eras

00:55:13.880 where a person

00:55:14.640 has the capability

00:55:15.520 to go face off

00:55:16.580 some of the bigger

00:55:17.140 tough guys

00:55:17.700 and the bullies

00:55:18.240 and you don't seem

00:55:19.060 to be afraid

00:55:19.740 and the way

00:55:20.680 you process issues

00:55:21.460 and present your

00:55:22.320 message to people,

00:55:23.740 it inspires others.

00:55:24.740 So I don't know.

00:55:25.260 I think you ought

00:55:26.060 to consider doing

00:55:26.700 something with that ability.

00:55:27.960 How many guys

00:55:28.240 would agree with that?

00:55:29.300 I think it's a,

00:55:31.180 I think the world

00:55:32.260 would benefit from it

00:55:33.180 if you got a little

00:55:34.120 more involved.

00:55:34.880 But anyways,

00:55:35.520 I don't want to instigate.

00:55:37.280 I have a tendency

00:55:38.140 of doing that.

00:55:38.740 I want to open it up

00:55:39.400 for CEOs.

00:55:39.860 I want these guys

00:55:40.520 to ask some questions here.

00:55:41.700 Oh, wow.

00:55:42.820 Let's,

00:55:43.240 anybody from Russia

00:55:44.320 that has a question?

00:55:45.460 Any CEOs from Russia 0.98

00:55:46.420 that has a question?

00:55:47.780 Okay.

00:55:48.340 Joanna,

00:55:48.800 Joanna's really got

00:55:49.440 a question here.

00:55:50.040 Let's go right here.

00:55:50.520 She's from Mexico, 0.97

00:55:51.380 I think, right?

00:55:52.020 Where do you live right now?

00:55:53.760 I live in Mexico,

00:55:54.700 but I'm originally

00:55:55.440 from Romania.

00:55:56.340 So I was born

00:55:57.700 and raised in communism.

00:55:58.940 You're actually

00:55:59.380 one of our heroes.

00:56:00.460 So thanks for coming.

00:56:02.140 My question is

00:56:02.940 about the 1997

00:56:04.060 Deep Blue.

00:56:05.580 After 19 moves,

00:56:06.960 you resigned.

00:56:07.940 But the interesting part

00:56:09.040 is you actually

00:56:09.560 changed your style.

00:56:10.940 It was like a

00:56:11.500 wait and see approach.

00:56:12.880 Why did you change

00:56:13.820 your style?

00:56:14.460 And do you think

00:56:15.080 that affected

00:56:15.680 your resignation?

00:56:17.340 Look,

00:56:17.960 thank you for bringing

00:56:19.320 this very memorable moment.

00:56:25.960 Look,

00:56:26.680 I lost the game

00:56:27.680 before I moved the pieces.

00:56:29.180 It's just because

00:56:29.840 it was a very tough match.

00:56:31.700 It was,

00:56:32.260 you know,

00:56:32.580 even after five games.

00:56:34.260 I was very close

00:56:35.100 on winning in game five.

00:56:36.580 And by the way,

00:56:37.320 if you look at the game five

00:56:39.140 from today's perspectives

00:56:40.460 using the chess engines,

00:56:42.040 they'll tell you

00:56:42.620 that all the compliments

00:56:43.860 were heard in 1997

00:56:45.480 from people say,

00:56:46.580 oh,

00:56:47.300 Kasparov played great game.

00:56:48.620 Deep Blue defended.

00:56:49.680 Uh-huh.

00:56:50.880 They're laughing loud.

00:56:52.660 So this is this.

00:56:53.300 Machines will tell you

00:56:54.080 that Deep Blue

00:56:55.020 made mistakes.

00:56:56.400 I made mistakes

00:56:57.100 and I missed the win.

00:56:58.300 And I could feel it

00:56:59.120 that I missed the win.

00:57:00.060 And also,

00:57:00.620 we had a lot of arguments

00:57:01.540 with IBM.

00:57:02.300 So again,

00:57:02.640 what under the bridge?

00:57:03.340 So I already made my peace

00:57:04.760 with them,

00:57:05.160 but I had a lot of arguments

00:57:06.800 with them during the match.

00:57:08.120 And I was human.

00:57:09.920 One of the mistakes

00:57:10.800 actually of many,

00:57:11.840 you know,

00:57:12.420 that we had the rooms

00:57:14.840 that we played two games,

00:57:16.440 then a rest day,

00:57:17.260 two games,

00:57:17.800 two rest days,

00:57:18.380 and two games.

00:57:19.140 I mean,

00:57:19.520 I had to insist

00:57:20.460 on one break.

00:57:21.980 I needed this,

00:57:23.320 you know,

00:57:23.500 after game five,

00:57:24.380 I needed one day

00:57:25.420 just to get myself

00:57:27.120 back to the,

00:57:29.080 that's the,

00:57:29.780 so I'm human.

00:57:30.920 I proved that I was human.

00:57:33.340 So,

00:57:33.480 and it was a purely

00:57:34.260 human disaster.

00:57:35.640 So that's the,

00:57:36.580 which again,

00:57:37.200 was another demonstration

00:57:38.400 that it's,

00:57:39.600 it's all about

00:57:40.740 making fewer mistakes.

00:57:44.040 Awesome.

00:57:47.160 Right back there.

00:57:48.500 Back there.

00:57:49.140 Yes.

00:57:51.340 Hi, Gary.

00:57:53.240 Actually,

00:57:53.780 I followed you

00:57:54.400 during the,

00:57:55.500 and I'm also from Romania,

00:57:56.900 so I grew up

00:57:57.340 in a communist country.

00:57:59.520 So I think

00:58:00.160 we attract a lot

00:58:00.800 of communists

00:58:01.340 that become capitalists.

00:58:03.300 But my question,

00:58:05.300 my question I have

00:58:06.200 for you,

00:58:07.960 I also play competitive chess

00:58:10.500 and I know the mental

00:58:11.380 toughness of the game.

00:58:13.260 My question to you

00:58:14.280 is,

00:58:14.480 is there something

00:58:14.980 that you did

00:58:15.540 the day before,

00:58:16.900 the week of,

00:58:17.480 to prepare you mentally

00:58:18.460 which can help us

00:58:19.600 as business owners

00:58:20.420 as we're going

00:58:21.000 into a meeting

00:58:21.580 or some kind

00:58:22.300 of a challenging

00:58:22.960 situation

00:58:23.740 that maybe

00:58:25.420 you can talk about?

00:58:26.240 Like,

00:58:26.440 what did you do

00:58:26.920 to prepare

00:58:27.360 for a big event

00:58:28.340 like that?

00:58:30.800 You're testing

00:58:31.340 my memory.

00:58:33.460 I played competitive chess

00:58:34.780 a long time ago.

00:58:38.180 Look,

00:58:39.720 I wish we could,

00:58:41.700 I'm looking at the clock now.

00:58:43.280 Don't worry about it.

00:58:43.880 we could have this question,

00:58:45.080 you know,

00:58:45.420 at the beginning

00:58:45.840 of the conversation

00:58:46.620 because it's,

00:58:48.540 it's actually,

00:58:50.620 it's much bigger issue

00:58:51.900 for me

00:58:52.260 than just preparing

00:58:52.960 for one game

00:58:53.700 because there's something

00:58:55.140 that I always thought

00:58:56.320 was wrong

00:58:57.360 is to

00:58:58.260 ask for tips.

00:59:01.460 And then,

00:59:02.040 let me explain why.

00:59:02.880 because we're all different.

00:59:05.680 Yeah,

00:59:05.960 we,

00:59:06.280 we're different

00:59:09.460 for many,

00:59:11.480 many reasons.

00:59:12.140 So,

00:59:12.240 and,

00:59:12.420 and the way

00:59:13.480 we make decisions,

00:59:15.440 our decision-making formula

00:59:16.960 is as unique

00:59:18.280 as our DNA

00:59:19.700 or our fingerprints.

00:59:21.880 So,

00:59:22.460 it's,

00:59:23.580 having one universe

00:59:24.740 advice

00:59:25.340 for everybody

00:59:26.220 could be wrong

00:59:27.740 because if you,

00:59:29.260 God forbid,

00:59:29.760 get sick

00:59:31.080 so you don't have

00:59:32.460 the same medicine

00:59:33.160 as I do

00:59:33.700 so you need your tests.

00:59:34.880 So,

00:59:35.140 same is here.

00:59:36.540 Is as,

00:59:36.860 you know,

00:59:37.420 the,

00:59:37.720 the beginning

00:59:39.120 of the process

00:59:39.860 of improving

00:59:40.600 your decision-making process

00:59:43.060 of getting sort of

00:59:44.320 a more acquainted

00:59:45.440 with who you are

00:59:46.440 is just analyzing

00:59:47.640 and recognizing

00:59:48.420 that I'm

00:59:49.340 more aggressive,

00:59:50.780 I'm more conservative

00:59:51.860 and also recognizing

00:59:53.540 that this is your nature.

00:59:55.140 You know,

00:59:55.480 it's,

00:59:55.760 it's,

00:59:56.880 it's a very unique process

00:59:58.300 and I'm,

01:00:00.380 I don't know about you,

01:00:01.340 I'm just,

01:00:01.840 you know,

01:00:02.680 I'm an extrovert.

01:00:04.680 I'm just,

01:00:04.980 I'm very dynamic.

01:00:05.960 So,

01:00:06.260 I knew what worked for me

01:00:07.680 might be counterproductive

01:00:09.440 for you.

01:00:10.680 So,

01:00:11.220 it's very important

01:00:12.000 to know who you are

01:00:13.280 and how you build

01:00:14.480 your both preparation

01:00:16.740 but also the game

01:00:18.020 because the strategy

01:00:19.920 should reflect

01:00:20.800 your ability

01:00:22.320 to master it

01:00:23.460 at every point.

01:00:25.260 And what I know

01:00:26.080 about chess

01:00:27.940 and about probably

01:00:29.040 any other walk of life

01:00:30.340 is that

01:00:30.780 no matter how much

01:00:31.900 preparation

01:00:32.480 we did before,

01:00:34.640 no matter how much

01:00:35.760 time we spent

01:00:36.620 analyzing our performance,

01:00:38.060 opponent's performance,

01:00:39.120 the key is,

01:00:39.900 you know,

01:00:40.200 to make sure

01:00:40.840 that at the climax

01:00:41.900 where we have

01:00:42.940 little time left

01:00:43.980 to make a decision

01:00:44.660 and this decision

01:00:46.060 could be really,

01:00:47.160 you know,

01:00:47.420 faithful.

01:00:48.400 So,

01:00:48.640 it could actually,

01:00:49.460 it could decide

01:00:51.660 the outcome

01:00:52.280 of the game.

01:00:53.560 We have to be comfortable.

01:00:54.660 so that's why,

01:00:56.320 you know,

01:00:56.580 it's the way

01:00:58.460 to design

01:00:59.120 your preparation

01:00:59.780 and the game.

01:01:01.340 Same goes for business

01:01:02.360 or for politics

01:01:03.060 is to make sure

01:01:04.080 you're comfortable,

01:01:05.120 that it works for you

01:01:06.800 and it's always unique.

01:01:09.340 And, again,

01:01:10.340 it also includes,

01:01:12.560 you know,

01:01:12.800 your knowledge

01:01:13.220 of the opponents

01:01:13.860 because you want

01:01:15.320 to make sure

01:01:15.880 that you face

01:01:16.700 the opposition

01:01:17.320 on the field

01:01:18.560 that benefits you.

01:01:20.100 so that puts emphasis

01:01:22.800 on your advantages

01:01:23.720 and also,

01:01:25.140 you know,

01:01:26.240 exposes opponents' weaknesses.

01:01:28.940 And this is the,

01:01:31.520 just let me give you

01:01:32.480 this visual example.

01:01:35.600 It's,

01:01:36.180 you have two armies

01:01:37.100 in the medieval battlefield.

01:01:41.400 So both,

01:01:42.080 you know,

01:01:42.460 of equal strengths.

01:01:44.340 Both,

01:01:44.720 you know,

01:01:46.000 of armies

01:01:46.720 have talented generals

01:01:48.500 in charge.

01:01:49.300 But one army

01:01:50.640 has powerful cavalry

01:01:52.300 and another has

01:01:53.820 skillful archers

01:01:54.920 as the key components.

01:01:56.600 The outcome of the battle

01:01:57.620 most likely will be decided

01:01:58.740 by the terrain,

01:02:00.280 landscape.

01:02:01.320 In the valley,

01:02:02.180 the cavalry will

01:02:02.980 run them down. 0.87

01:02:05.040 In the hills,

01:02:06.780 the archers

01:02:07.400 will put cavalry down.

01:02:08.720 So, again,

01:02:09.320 it's all about

01:02:10.220 creating conditions

01:02:11.180 where your strengths

01:02:12.260 will be a key factor

01:02:13.980 and opponent's strengths

01:02:15.040 will be downplayed.

01:02:17.340 Yeah, okay.

01:02:18.340 So,

01:02:18.780 how often

01:02:19.560 do you see somebody

01:02:20.380 who is very analytical

01:02:21.700 yet charismatic

01:02:22.740 and inspirational?

01:02:24.180 You don't meet

01:02:24.620 too many people

01:02:25.220 like that,

01:02:25.680 by the way,

01:02:26.120 and he's a trifecta.

01:02:27.800 Yes,

01:02:28.040 go for it.

01:02:31.120 I'm

01:02:31.520 in Gasparev.

01:02:32.180 I'm

01:02:32.780 emigrated from Russia.

01:02:34.320 I can hear it.

01:02:36.240 My name is Sergei Plodnikov.

01:02:38.160 I have two questions.

01:02:39.400 You have two foundations.

01:02:40.860 One is promoting chess

01:02:42.020 with children,

01:02:43.480 and if I correctly,

01:02:45.440 second foundation,

01:02:46.620 it's your human rights

01:02:47.660 help.

01:02:48.860 So,

01:02:49.180 if you can explain

01:02:49.900 what you do

01:02:50.360 in this field,

01:02:51.100 and second,

01:02:52.200 what is your biggest challenge

01:02:53.360 right now

01:02:53.720 in your life?

01:02:54.320 So,

01:03:01.340 Kasparov chess

01:03:01.860 foundation,

01:03:02.360 I mentioned,

01:03:02.880 I founded here

01:03:04.040 in 2002.

01:03:06.100 We'll be celebrating

01:03:07.100 the 20th anniversary

01:03:07.840 next year.

01:03:08.520 that has branches

01:03:10.460 around the world,

01:03:11.440 so that's quite a big

01:03:13.400 charitable organization

01:03:15.320 that does two things.

01:03:17.460 One is working

01:03:18.060 with kids,

01:03:18.720 promoting blueprint

01:03:19.420 curriculum,

01:03:20.140 but also working

01:03:21.360 with rising stars,

01:03:23.140 mostly in America,

01:03:23.980 but now we extended

01:03:25.220 our services

01:03:26.640 to Europe,

01:03:27.780 and also to

01:03:28.420 Russian-speaking world.

01:03:30.520 Now,

01:03:31.840 Human Rights Foundation,

01:03:33.400 I'm a chairman

01:03:34.460 for nearly 10 years,

01:03:35.840 but I follow

01:03:37.260 the footsteps

01:03:38.420 of one of my heroes,

01:03:40.920 Vaclav Havel,

01:03:41.920 the former president

01:03:43.280 of Czechoslovakia,

01:03:44.600 the great

01:03:45.140 human rights activist

01:03:46.320 who was the president

01:03:47.060 of the country,

01:03:48.880 and I'm proud

01:03:52.420 to be affiliated

01:03:53.800 with the organization

01:03:54.620 that built

01:03:55.280 the largest

01:03:56.500 dissident event

01:03:57.360 in the world

01:03:57.860 called Oslo Freedom Forum.

01:04:00.240 So,

01:04:00.900 by the way,

01:04:01.540 it's called

01:04:02.400 Oslo Freedom Forum,

01:04:03.300 but it's a global event,

01:04:04.700 and one of them

01:04:05.260 will take place

01:04:06.540 in Miami

01:04:07.060 in the beginning

01:04:07.860 of October,

01:04:08.420 and we have

01:04:10.300 all leading dissidents,

01:04:11.780 and it's all

01:04:12.200 about stories.

01:04:13.300 It's not about

01:04:13.920 numbers,

01:04:15.000 data,

01:04:15.500 it's about

01:04:16.020 real stories.

01:04:17.700 So,

01:04:17.920 for instance,

01:04:19.140 on this event

01:04:20.220 in Miami,

01:04:22.460 four weeks from now,

01:04:24.060 one of the speeches

01:04:25.120 will be delivered

01:04:26.200 by Alexei Navalny's

01:04:27.700 daughter

01:04:27.980 that was messaged

01:04:29.060 from jail.

01:04:30.680 So,

01:04:30.840 we have

01:04:31.780 Leopoldo Lopez

01:04:32.500 from Venezuela,

01:04:33.880 so one of these

01:04:34.560 opposition leaders

01:04:35.660 was there.

01:04:35.940 So,

01:04:36.640 and many people

01:04:37.440 ranging from

01:04:38.880 North Korea

01:04:39.480 to Cuba.

01:04:42.940 So,

01:04:43.540 now about

01:04:44.020 greatest challenges,

01:04:45.780 some people say

01:04:47.000 staying alive.

01:04:47.640 we do one more.

01:04:55.760 Who really,

01:04:56.960 really,

01:04:57.400 really has

01:04:58.240 a good question?

01:04:59.180 Really,

01:04:59.740 is it positive?

01:05:01.460 Tamara's arm,

01:05:02.100 she's from Azerbaijan.

01:05:03.600 I don't know what

01:05:04.120 she's going to ask.

01:05:05.660 Okay,

01:05:06.860 what's,

01:05:07.520 okay,

01:05:07.680 tell me what

01:05:08.120 your question's about.

01:05:08.960 Just give me the topic,

01:05:09.840 one word.

01:05:10.580 It's brain. 0.68

01:05:11.300 Brain,

01:05:11.660 what's yours about tomorrow?

01:05:13.660 Give me one word.

01:05:16.900 Okay,

01:05:17.380 no,

01:05:17.620 you can't,

01:05:18.080 that's not selling me.

01:05:19.180 What's your question?

01:05:20.120 Yes.

01:05:23.200 How about yourself?

01:05:25.580 Passion?

01:05:26.440 Somebody?

01:05:32.700 Ooh,

01:05:33.180 wow.

01:05:34.620 Wow.

01:05:35.340 All right,

01:05:35.580 let's go to Tamara.

01:05:36.460 Tamara,

01:05:36.820 tell us what your question is.

01:05:39.060 No,

01:05:39.480 because this one

01:05:40.060 could get interesting.

01:05:40.880 Here we go.

01:05:41.920 Hi,

01:05:42.140 first of all,

01:05:43.540 please don't hate me too much

01:05:44.840 for asking another question.

01:05:46.880 When I'm,

01:05:47.820 when something matters to me,

01:05:49.340 I go all in

01:05:50.260 and I will never apologize for that.

01:05:56.120 So,

01:05:57.500 a couple of,

01:05:58.540 I think it was yesterday,

01:05:59.440 the day before that,

01:06:00.460 Patrick asked us,

01:06:01.800 what is your future truth?

01:06:04.760 My page was blank.

01:06:07.580 Because my future truth

01:06:09.120 is dangerous.

01:06:10.000 my future truth

01:06:12.360 has consequences.

01:06:14.400 And my future truth

01:06:16.120 is not just getting canceled

01:06:18.100 on social media,

01:06:19.140 it's getting in actual trouble

01:06:21.140 and having my family

01:06:22.140 getting in trouble.

01:06:22.860 but hearing you speak

01:06:26.180 now,

01:06:26.560 I want to say

01:06:28.040 my future truth

01:06:31.060 is that I will end

01:06:32.380 communism

01:06:33.080 in the former

01:06:33.900 USSR countries

01:06:35.220 and I will start

01:06:36.180 with Russia.

01:06:37.060 I'll be honored

01:06:38.060 if you support me

01:06:39.380 in my future

01:06:40.660 political campaigns.

01:06:41.700 it's a very ambitious goal.

01:06:46.200 So,

01:06:46.220 I,

01:06:46.640 it's,

01:06:52.740 look,

01:06:56.060 being,

01:07:01.060 being an optimist,

01:07:02.100 I also,

01:07:03.020 you know,

01:07:03.340 have to,

01:07:04.100 to inject

01:07:06.340 the dose of realism

01:07:07.320 and I,

01:07:08.460 and I understand

01:07:09.660 that,

01:07:10.120 you know,

01:07:10.440 fighting Putin's dictatorship

01:07:11.680 may not bring

01:07:12.980 benefits tomorrow,

01:07:14.920 maybe not even

01:07:15.500 the day after tomorrow.

01:07:16.780 I,

01:07:17.080 I live outside of Russia

01:07:18.220 for eight years.

01:07:19.140 I don't expect

01:07:19.720 to come back tomorrow.

01:07:22.700 So,

01:07:23.280 a lot of people ask me,

01:07:24.260 so,

01:07:24.560 can I go back to Russia?

01:07:25.840 I say,

01:07:26.040 yes,

01:07:26.300 it will be a one-way ticket.

01:07:27.260 I always buy a round trip.

01:07:33.220 And,

01:07:33.780 and I,

01:07:35.640 I think that it's just,

01:07:37.340 you know,

01:07:37.600 ending,

01:07:38.500 it's not even a communism,

01:07:40.000 so in Russia,

01:07:40.580 this is,

01:07:41.000 it's,

01:07:41.280 it's a new form

01:07:42.280 of dictatorship,

01:07:44.560 which is even much worse

01:07:46.120 and more dangerous

01:07:47.080 because communism

01:07:48.600 was an ideology

01:07:50.320 and you could see

01:07:51.000 the shortcomings

01:07:51.740 of this,

01:07:52.280 of the ideology.

01:07:53.480 People in the West,

01:07:54.380 they could say,

01:07:54.920 it's propaganda,

01:07:55.820 it's,

01:07:55.900 this is,

01:07:56.300 it's the,

01:07:56.720 it's,

01:07:58.140 you know,

01:07:58.520 it's,

01:07:58.900 it has,

01:08:00.240 you know,

01:08:00.560 its own domestic difficulties

01:08:03.040 and it couldn't compete.

01:08:05.180 Putin actually came up

01:08:06.300 with something

01:08:06.760 far more sophisticated

01:08:07.720 because the way

01:08:09.640 they distort the picture,

01:08:14.220 the way they distort the truth,

01:08:15.920 is basically saying

01:08:16.740 truth cannot be known.

01:08:19.200 Yeah,

01:08:19.440 we're bad,

01:08:19.880 everybody's bad. 0.99

01:08:20.620 We're corrupt, 0.98

01:08:21.140 everybody's corrupt. 0.93

01:08:22.040 The good thing,

01:08:23.000 I work in tech

01:08:23.820 and I'm very data-driven.

01:08:25.460 When it comes to that truth,

01:08:26.580 truth does exist.

01:08:27.720 Truth,

01:08:27.980 yeah,

01:08:28.160 we know that truth does exist

01:08:29.200 but there's only one way

01:08:30.260 to tell the truth

01:08:31.120 and there are millions of ways

01:08:32.980 thanks to social media

01:08:34.380 to lie.

01:08:36.600 Truth is lonely

01:08:38.180 and,

01:08:41.620 and we just,

01:08:42.540 you know,

01:08:42.660 we have to find ways

01:08:43.560 to defend it

01:08:44.320 and they actually recognize

01:08:46.160 that it's,

01:08:46.900 they don't have to sell

01:08:47.880 an ideology.

01:08:49.600 Yeah,

01:08:49.700 I always call Putin

01:08:50.700 a merchant of doubt.

01:08:53.520 Yeah,

01:08:53.900 it's easy,

01:08:54.520 you know,

01:08:54.720 it's easy to spread doubts,

01:08:57.140 especially with the money

01:08:57.980 that he has

01:08:58.660 and with so many willing souls

01:09:01.120 in the free world

01:09:02.180 to buy it.

01:09:03.940 So,

01:09:04.340 that's why

01:09:05.440 this is not a Russian problem.

01:09:07.400 This is not a problem

01:09:08.220 of former Soviet republics,

01:09:10.100 former Soviet,

01:09:10.720 in the former Soviet Union.

01:09:11.940 This is everybody's problem

01:09:12.900 because it's a globalized world

01:09:14.500 and I,

01:09:15.380 again,

01:09:15.440 I hope that we can fight together

01:09:16.960 because this fight,

01:09:18.040 you know,

01:09:18.240 does not have borders,

01:09:19.660 does not have limitations.

01:09:21.440 This is a fight

01:09:22.120 for our future,

01:09:23.180 for future of our kids

01:09:24.100 and,

01:09:25.120 I know,

01:09:26.540 I know it's from the bottom

01:09:27.660 of my heart,

01:09:28.260 I know from my experience,

01:09:29.520 there is no compromise.

01:09:31.880 We cannot,

01:09:33.060 we cannot end the war

01:09:35.280 that was declared on us

01:09:36.700 and this is,

01:09:38.580 we are in the midst

01:09:39.180 of this war.

01:09:40.520 You can pretend that,

01:09:41.560 oh,

01:09:41.840 we just,

01:09:42.200 you know,

01:09:42.440 we ended the war

01:09:43.220 in Afghanistan.

01:09:43.960 No,

01:09:44.220 we have not ended the war,

01:09:46.000 we run

01:09:46.540 and there's a big difference

01:09:48.520 because those who won there,

01:09:51.480 they are still at war with us.

01:09:53.980 So this is,

01:09:54.620 we should look at this world,

01:09:55.960 you know,

01:09:56.260 with open eyes

01:09:57.360 and be optimistic

01:09:58.280 but also recognizing the danger

01:10:00.000 because the moment

01:10:01.300 we look the other side,

01:10:03.320 it hits us

01:10:04.140 as it happened 20 years ago

01:10:05.680 in this country.

01:10:06.860 The sad celebration,

01:10:08.120 okay,

01:10:08.460 celebration,

01:10:09.980 wrong word,

01:10:10.380 anniversary

01:10:11.020 that we would,

01:10:11.980 we would remember

01:10:13.920 a week from now.

01:10:15.260 So I,

01:10:15.920 I am,

01:10:18.140 I'm happy to,

01:10:18.960 to,

01:10:19.140 to,

01:10:19.320 to end this conversation

01:10:21.100 on such a high note

01:10:22.080 because this is for me,

01:10:24.040 it's,

01:10:24.480 yeah,

01:10:26.060 it's,

01:10:26.960 if it happens,

01:10:27.920 it will bring me a chance

01:10:29.080 to go back to,

01:10:30.340 to my country

01:10:31.260 and just to,

01:10:32.660 to visit my mother's grave

01:10:34.020 which unfortunately

01:10:34.940 is many thousand miles away

01:10:36.860 and I couldn't stand there.

01:10:38.580 Give it up,

01:10:40.500 Gary Kasparov.

01:10:42.100 Thank you.

01:10:43.300 Gary,

01:10:43.740 I have a gift for you

01:10:44.440 if you can hang tight.

01:10:45.720 Thank you very much.

01:10:46.620 Hang on,

01:10:47.140 hang on one second.

01:10:48.600 Thank you.

01:10:49.140 Thank you very much.

01:10:50.220 Thank you.

01:10:51.480 Oh,

01:10:52.140 we spoke to your assistant.

01:10:54.100 She said you're a fan of Play-Doh.

01:10:55.980 We got a nice little gift here for you

01:10:57.840 because I know you follow philosophy

01:10:59.120 and hopefully you enjoy it

01:11:00.960 but we,

01:11:01.520 you know,

01:11:01.680 there's many different gifts

01:11:02.680 we could have gotten you.

01:11:03.380 I hope you enjoyed this gift

01:11:04.400 and I'm looking forward to you

01:11:05.680 getting a little bit more involved

01:11:06.780 in politics.

01:11:07.300 Again,

01:11:07.740 make some noise.

01:11:08.440 Thank you.

01:11:08.740 Gary Kasparov.

Valuetainment - October 01, 2021

Chess Grandmaster Garry Kasparov Reveals Insight On Strategy, Capitalism & Russia

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Transcript