00:01:16.200We're talking about two and growing, two billion people.0.99
00:01:19.920So Islam was always seen as a physical, a real tangible threat that can come and conquer through sheer numbers and take over your land.1.00
00:01:28.000All those countries that you mentioned were literally conquered by force.0.99
00:01:31.120I spoke about North Africa and Middle East, but you mentioned the Kazakhstan and East.
00:02:12.780And is that how it was from the beginning?
00:02:14.760Yeah, so from the beginning, according to Islamic teaching, if you're a Hindu or a pagan, yeah, you're supposed to either convert or die.0.80
00:02:22.520But if you're a people of the book, a Christian or a Jew, you can actually pay tribute, jizya, and live as a second-class citizen, as I was mentioning earlier, with all these restrictions.0.94
00:02:32.140And you're supposed to be humiliated as part of the ritual.0.93
00:02:35.940But then it became elastic, and later on, even the Muslims realized, rather than keep slaughtering these Hindus, let's get money out of it.0.93
00:02:42.120And they gave them the same status where they could just pay and maintain their religion.0.82
00:02:46.860Did any one of them that converted decide to retaliate against them?0.77
00:02:51.060Well, yeah, there were oftentimes lots of, I'll tell you one interesting story.
00:02:56.880Successful retaliations, except from, we'll get to Spain here in a minute.0.98
00:02:59.940I'm talking about these Muslim majority countries, okay, that converted.1.00
00:03:22.400Well, that question goes hand in hand with why were the Muslims and the Arabs
00:03:26.580so successful in one century as to conquer that humongous region that I described,
00:03:31.360all of North Africa, Spain, and the Middle East.
00:03:33.840That remains a mystery amongst historians.
00:03:37.020The Muslim answer, of course, is Allah was with them,
00:03:39.620And the Christian answer, the historic Christian answer is not unlike it because they said, yes, Allah was with them because he was punishing us for our sins.0.66
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