Western Standard - December 22, 2025


HANNAFORD: Safer in Israel than Toronto


Episode Stats

Length

25 minutes

Words per Minute

142.5946

Word Count

3,621

Sentence Count

272

Misogynist Sentences

2

Hate Speech Sentences

15


Summary

Summaries generated with gmurro/bart-large-finetuned-filtered-spotify-podcast-summ .

Vivian Berkovich is a tireless advocate for Jewish people everywhere. She was appointed Canadian Ambassador to Israel in 2014 by Prime Minister Stephen Harper. She lives on a kibbutz in Israel where, through her podcasts, her writings, and her television commentaries, she is an advocate for Jews everywhere. It is because of that that we re talking to her today to try and make sense of this.

Transcript

Transcript generated with Whisper (turbo).
Misogyny classifications generated with MilaNLProc/bert-base-uncased-ear-misogyny .
Hate speech classifications generated with facebook/roberta-hate-speech-dynabench-r4-target .
00:00:00.000 Good evening, Western Standard viewers, and welcome to Hannaford, a weekly politics show.
00:00:21.280 I'm Nigel Hannaford, and it is Thursday, December the 18th, and I am speaking today still trying
00:00:27.880 to get my head wrapped around what is happening to Jewish population around the world.
00:00:33.620 Just four days ago, there was a savage massacre in Australia, Bondi Beach, the famous Bondi
00:00:42.200 Beach.
00:00:43.200 It's like a massacre happening at the foot of the CN Tower in Toronto.
00:00:46.780 You can't look the other way.
00:00:48.680 Fifteen people killed because they were Jews, apparently by Islamist terrorists, and I am
00:00:56.600 joined today by Vivian Berkovich, who was appointed Canadian Ambassador to Israel in 2014 by Stephen
00:01:04.660 Harper.
00:01:06.560 She lives these days in a kibbutz in Israel, where through her podcasts, her writings, and
00:01:10.660 her television commentaries, she's a tireless advocate for Jewish people everywhere.
00:01:15.320 It is because of that that we're talking to her today to try and make some sense of this.
00:01:20.000 Vivian's past guest.
00:01:21.000 Vivian, welcome back to the show.
00:01:22.600 Vivian Berkovich, pleasure to be here with you, Nigel.
00:01:24.880 Thanks for having me.
00:01:25.880 Oh, you're very welcome.
00:01:26.880 Vivian, it seems a lot longer than four days ago.
00:01:30.980 There has been so much else.
00:01:31.980 There seems to be a pattern of random attacks on Jewish people.
00:01:37.920 What is going on?
00:01:38.920 Well, I think that we are finally seeing the fruits of two-plus years of momentum.
00:01:48.340 The Free Palestine Movement, Globalize the Intifada, whatever you want to call it.
00:01:54.860 It's a kind of convergence of various political and other interests, the so-called progressives
00:02:00.740 on the extreme left, the free Palestine folks, the fundamentalist Islamists, so pro-Hamas, pro-Isis,
00:02:10.620 and there are many out there, and others.
00:02:13.740 And the one thing that they seem to agree on, because they come from very different kind
00:02:19.840 of philosophies, but the one thing they seem to agree on is that Israel is the most evil
00:02:27.940 state to ever have existed.
00:02:32.100 that it must be annihilated, eradicated, and that all Jews must be killed.
00:02:39.480 When people are screaming on the streets in Toronto, as they have been for two-plus years,
00:02:46.200 Globalize the Intifada, from the river to the sea, Palestine shall be free.
00:02:52.540 Our successive prime ministers, so Mark Carney and Trudeau before him, premiers, mayors,
00:02:59.440 law enforcement officials have been telling us for two-plus years that these are peaceful
00:03:03.600 protests with individuals exercising their constitutional rights.
00:03:07.720 It was malarkey on October 7th, and it remains malarkey today.
00:03:12.260 There is nothing peaceful about calling for the annihilation of Israel and the murder of
00:03:16.820 Jews everywhere.
00:03:18.040 Well, Limeon, if you're going to annihilate Jews, why do it in Australia?
00:03:23.600 That's a long way from Israel.
00:03:25.600 They're Jews.
00:03:26.600 They just hate you.
00:03:27.600 Yeah, but they're a long way away, isn't they?
00:03:31.780 You know, if it makes sense to attack Jews in Australia, does it make sense to attack Jews
00:03:38.780 in Canada?
00:03:39.780 Sure.
00:03:40.780 How anxious are you?
00:03:41.780 Well, I mean, I used to spend a lot more time in Canada than I do now, and a large part
00:03:46.660 of the reason is because of what it's become since October 7th.
00:03:50.300 How anxious would I be if I was living there?
00:03:52.880 Very.
00:03:54.600 I was in Toronto, my hometown, where I lived over 50 years.
00:03:57.840 I still have a kid there, lots of family and friends.
00:04:00.840 I was there in April in the lead up to the election, and people were unnerved, but not
00:04:06.540 totally freaked out yet.
00:04:08.840 I was back in September, and it's just Venus and Mars.
00:04:12.600 The Jewish community in September was terrified.
00:04:16.940 Canada has changed a lot since Mark Carney took office, and it shows.
00:04:23.660 It shows in the statistics, and it shows in the fear.
00:04:26.900 I spent three days.
00:04:27.900 I just couldn't even be there.
00:04:28.900 It's a very hard place to be if you're Jewish.
00:04:30.900 That's an astonishing thing.
00:04:35.140 I mean, many Jews emigrated to Canada over the years because they thought it was a safe
00:04:41.140 place.
00:04:42.140 I think, by and large, for most of the time that I've been in journalism, which goes back
00:04:46.380 50 years, there was a very strong, almost to the point where people resented it, that
00:04:52.900 there was a very strong influence on public policy by the Canadian Jewish population.
00:05:00.380 Obviously, that kind of general acceptance is not helping Jews in Canada today.
00:05:09.720 Let me ask you a very direct, blunt question.
00:05:12.140 Do you think there's going to be a nasty incident like this in Canada soon?
00:05:16.620 So, I'll answer it this way.
00:05:19.960 I think that there, but for the grace of God.
00:05:23.160 So, we're just lucky that it hasn't happened yet.
00:05:25.860 That's right.
00:05:26.860 Well, it's happening in other places on a smaller scale.
00:05:30.820 It seems like hardly a week goes by that there isn't a report of a murder where the obvious
00:05:37.620 conclusion can only be that it was an anti-Semitic hit.
00:05:42.420 You mentioned, I think, some attacks in the United States, there was a couple of universities.
00:05:48.980 Just tell us what is going on, and then I want you to tell, is this random, or is it
00:05:53.300 an informal strategy to intimidate Jews wherever they live?
00:05:57.420 It's not random.
00:05:59.840 In terms of, since Bondi, as best I can recall, sort of off the top of my head, there was a
00:06:06.860 shooting on campus at Brown University.
00:06:09.940 It was a kind of pre-exam tutorial.
00:06:12.760 I believe that the expectation of the shooter, um, was probably that the Jewish professor
00:06:19.600 who runs that course was going to be attending, um, and giving the seminar or the tutorial.
00:06:25.620 The Jewish professor was not there.
00:06:27.100 A few days later, um, a Jewish professor at MIT, a physicist, um, originally from Portugal,
00:06:35.780 I've been in America for many years, uh, 47 years old, young children, young family.
00:06:40.540 Someone broke into his apartment in Brookline, Massachusetts and murdered.
00:06:44.960 Apparently he is known for being pro-Israel.
00:06:48.440 Um, and he's openly Jewish.
00:06:51.740 Um, there was a man in the last few days on the streets of Brooklyn, uh, attacked, a visibly
00:06:59.520 Jewish man, sort of wearing Orthodox clothing, Orthodox Jewish clothing.
00:07:03.120 And he was attacked and stabbed, uh, within an inch of his life, I believe.
00:07:07.580 Um, and, and those are just a few that kind of pop into my head.
00:07:11.140 But even more concerning, Nigel is the fact that within hours at Bondi, there were people
00:07:19.620 coming out and celebrating what had happened there within hours of Bondi in Toronto, at
00:07:28.220 the corner of Bathurst and Shepherd, a major intersection in the north end of the city.
00:07:31.760 It's got a lot of Jewish residents.
00:07:34.740 The, there was a Hanukkah lighting, just like there had been at Bondi.
00:07:39.000 There was a lighting, a public Hanukkah menorah lighting at an intersection in Toronto.
00:07:45.620 And for two plus years now, every week, every Sunday, the Islamists, the free Palestine crowd
00:07:55.560 have come to that intersection to harass Jews who are not doing anything illegal, who are
00:08:04.200 not threatening them.
00:08:06.140 They're standing there to demonstrate their support for Israel.
00:08:10.760 They have harassed them relentlessly, but they also go to the shops.
00:08:15.620 Where they know Jews are shopping or that are Jewish owned.
00:08:17.960 And in the last six, eight months, they've taken to parading through the residential streets,
00:08:23.220 quiet residential streets, and harassing Jewish families outside their homes, saying the most
00:08:29.240 horrific things in front of children.
00:08:30.900 And do you know what the police do?
00:08:32.700 Nothing.
00:08:33.740 Do you know what the police did on Sunday after Bondi?
00:08:37.640 Nothing, but worse than nothing.
00:08:39.520 There was a man who was standing at the corner of Bathurst and Shepard.
00:08:45.560 He's well-known.
00:08:47.580 And he's an Islamist, free Palestine activist.
00:08:50.940 He had a loudspeaker and a microphone.
00:08:53.280 And he was singing at length in Arabic.
00:08:56.400 I have a translation of the lyrics he was singing.
00:08:58.960 And it glorifies attacking and murdering Jews in the name of Allah.
00:09:04.620 This went on and on and on.
00:09:07.120 The police are standing there, protecting this.
00:09:10.920 And when they later parade into the Jewish neighborhoods, the police tell the Jews,
00:09:17.500 be quiet.
00:09:18.560 Be nice to them.
00:09:19.860 Let them pass.
00:09:21.060 Clear the sidewalk from them.
00:09:23.640 Sorry, clear the sidewalk for them.
00:09:25.340 This is insanity.
00:09:29.820 This individual singing the kind of song that you sing, that sounds like hate speech.
00:09:37.240 One would think.
00:09:40.940 And yet, nothing.
00:09:42.700 You know, Vivian, I don't understand the government responses.
00:09:47.720 Five minutes after the Bondi shooting, the Australian Prime Minister, Mr. Albanese,
00:09:52.540 starts talking about the need for stronger gun laws and clamping down on right-wing extremists.
00:09:59.980 Well, no.
00:10:02.040 The problem at Bondi wasn't the availability of guns.
00:10:05.500 It was the availability of radical Islamists.
00:10:09.820 Where they can't get guns, they just drive the car into a crowd.
00:10:13.160 Or you describe people with knife attacks and so forth.
00:10:16.080 Now, it seems what you have just said about the response in Toronto that they stood by,
00:10:25.900 they knew this was hate speech, they didn't intervene,
00:10:30.860 they don't actually divert these demonstrations away from the Jewish neighborhoods.
00:10:38.020 Why, in your view, is, what is it that our leaders are deliberately not joining the dots
00:10:46.780 because they'd rather not admit there's a problem?
00:10:49.420 What do you think is the bigger picture here?
00:10:51.780 So, first of all, I want to just point out, in addition to what you commented on with respect
00:10:55.840 to Prime Minister Albanese, he has, as have so many of us, including me, in my column that I wrote
00:11:01.740 that day for the National Post, he has lauded the heroism of Ahmed Al-Akhmed.
00:11:06.540 He is a Muslim man, originally from Syria, I believe, and unarmed, he went and tackled
00:11:13.740 one of the gunmen, took him down and grabbed his gun.
00:11:18.220 And he was later shot.
00:11:19.780 And he's quite badly wounded and in hospital.
00:11:22.320 The man's a hero.
00:11:22.960 He also had police training, which came out in the ensuing days.
00:11:27.940 Mr. Ahmed, Mr. Al-Akhmed, was visited by Prime Minister Albanese in hospital.
00:11:33.780 The Prime Minister did not visit any of the Jewish victims in hospital.
00:11:38.960 The Prime Minister has not gone to any of the Jewish funerals that have been held today and yesterday,
00:11:45.040 including the funeral for 10-year-old Matilda, sorry, Matilda, who was gunned down.
00:11:51.280 She was stalked.
00:11:52.540 Her parents watched as she was stalked by one of the gunmen.
00:11:57.660 Her execution has horrified people around the world.
00:12:02.140 Prime Minister Albanese did not go to her funeral.
00:12:06.420 There are two Jewish people, an elderly couple, well, elderly, a little older than me,
00:12:11.320 who tried to tackle one of the gunmen before he even got going.
00:12:18.360 And this was captured on video.
00:12:21.180 And they were murdered.
00:12:23.260 They were heroes.
00:12:24.820 Yes.
00:12:25.320 A couple in their 60s.
00:12:26.700 And Albanese has not mentioned them.
00:12:29.620 Do you know what else he hasn't mentioned, as you said?
00:12:31.940 He hasn't mentioned Islamism.
00:12:35.180 He hasn't mentioned Islamist terror.
00:12:37.020 And another thing that we know about the two men, the father and son team,
00:12:41.400 who went to shoot Jews at Bondi Beach on Sunday,
00:12:44.060 is that they were both training with an ISIS cell in the Philippines one month ago.
00:12:50.320 So what do you think explains this very selective response
00:12:54.280 that the Australian Prime Minister has offered here?
00:12:57.980 Well, there are two options, Nigel.
00:12:59.800 One is that he simply doesn't understand what's going on.
00:13:05.760 And the other is that he chooses not to act.
00:13:10.220 And why would he choose not to act?
00:13:13.380 I sort of, I have never accepted this kind of, you know, facile, offensive,
00:13:20.620 oh, it's about votes.
00:13:22.200 You know, there are more Muslims in these countries than Jews.
00:13:26.500 This isn't about Jews.
00:13:27.780 We're the first target.
00:13:30.320 We always are.
00:13:31.560 But we're not the last.
00:13:33.300 This is about Western civilization.
00:13:36.100 They hate Western civilization.
00:13:39.100 They hate our freedoms and our values.
00:13:41.800 But they can target the Jews for a whole bunch of reasons.
00:13:46.080 And, you know, nobody seems to care.
00:13:49.900 I don't know.
00:13:50.540 Ask Mark Carney to explain his rather breezy attitude
00:13:54.780 because it's the same as Albanese's, in fact, worse.
00:13:58.520 Albanese has made expressions of support for the Jewish community in Australia
00:14:02.740 over the past two years that have never passed Mark Carney's lips.
00:14:09.160 Well, is it rank anti-Semitism?
00:14:11.620 Is it, you know, the brown shirts of the 20s and 30s in Germany,
00:14:15.460 but in better cut suits?
00:14:16.980 You tell me.
00:14:17.660 I don't even want to speculate about that.
00:14:21.400 The whole idea is horrifying.
00:14:23.320 What I would, if it is, the brown suits and better cut suits.
00:14:28.160 It's not conservative brown suits.
00:14:30.880 Somehow or other, this always ends up,
00:14:33.480 and Mr. Albanese is guilty of this.
00:14:36.780 He was talking about the need to go after right-wing extremists.
00:14:41.660 This is in the same speech that he identified guns as the problem.
00:14:52.040 You know, if you admit there's a problem, you have to deal with it.
00:14:56.240 Do you think that's a part of what's going on here?
00:14:59.400 They don't have the stomach to actually take a position on Islam.
00:15:03.600 Is it, call it out for what it is, a danger to Western democracy?
00:15:08.140 I think that our political kind of leadership has become so dumb
00:15:17.000 and so puerile that are they afraid to call it out?
00:15:26.240 I don't know.
00:15:27.260 I don't understand the fear to call out something that is clearly such a direct
00:15:31.260 and existential threat to, right now, Jewish citizens,
00:15:35.340 but tomorrow to everybody.
00:15:37.100 What it does is it puts many Western political leaders
00:15:42.960 and leaders of institutions, like the chief of police in Toronto,
00:15:46.700 Myron Demke, it puts them in the position of having to look at
00:15:51.000 their kind of guiding, their lodestar, their guiding ideology,
00:15:55.280 which is DEI, right?
00:15:57.580 Diversity is our strength.
00:15:59.180 We're so inclusive, which is kind of all they seem to pay attention to.
00:16:04.060 And this clashes with that.
00:16:07.920 They can't start, you know, challenging Islamists just because they're Muslim
00:16:14.800 or, you know, extreme progressives just because they're whatever.
00:16:19.920 This is an ideological war.
00:16:22.420 And maybe people have difficulty accepting that their ideology is a load of hooey.
00:16:28.820 Well, maybe, to put it, I mean, to put it, this is like cognitive dissonance.
00:16:35.120 You have an idea of how your society is and ought to be, and it's inclusive.
00:16:40.300 You mentioned DEI.
00:16:41.460 Well, there's the I part of it, the inclusivity.
00:16:44.220 And we can do better than we've done in the past.
00:16:47.520 Lots of different people who think different things.
00:16:50.780 And they all get along peacefully and they get along well.
00:16:53.460 Well, then you get in, now you have the dissonance.
00:16:56.820 You accept a group of people who come in.
00:16:58.760 They've got a very, they don't buy into that.
00:17:00.500 They don't expect that.
00:17:01.760 So are we onto something here in terms of understanding?
00:17:06.040 Maybe.
00:17:06.280 Maybe, I mean, look, Nigel, the police in Toronto, they have decided from the get-go that their
00:17:13.280 approach, and Myron Demke has made these comments in many a closed room over the last two plus
00:17:18.840 years, and he says, my approach to policing is to keep the peace.
00:17:23.640 And it seems that his idea of keeping the peace is to detain more Jewish people.
00:17:29.260 Um, he has, his force has arrested and detained far more Jewish people, um, who are in their
00:17:39.280 neighborhoods, who express some kind of, or who even just stand there.
00:17:43.500 Why?
00:17:44.500 They've said this repeatedly.
00:17:46.060 It's for your own safety.
00:17:48.220 It's for your own good.
00:17:50.260 They have told Jewish people in the, in the neighborhood that is constantly being, um, you
00:17:55.680 know, attacked.
00:17:56.360 They have told them, don't say anything.
00:18:00.240 Be nice to these people.
00:18:01.620 So, I mean, this is kind of, they're going out of their way.
00:18:05.800 If you, and I have been at demonstrations in Toronto, and I've had police officers come
00:18:10.140 up to me.
00:18:10.540 There was one in particular in March, and I was standing there.
00:18:14.540 I was not wearing anything visibly Jewish.
00:18:16.920 I didn't have a keffiyeh.
00:18:18.260 Like, I was just a person.
00:18:20.300 But they looked at me, and I guess they decided, since I didn't have a keffiyeh and wasn't hearing
00:18:24.440 a sign saying, destroy Israel, that I was with the Jews.
00:18:27.620 And a police officer came up to me and said, go stand over there.
00:18:30.400 You know, this little penned off little area of a sidewalk.
00:18:33.720 And I said, why?
00:18:35.140 He said, well, you're with them.
00:18:36.060 I said, who are they?
00:18:37.080 And, you know, he was kind of like a little uncertain about how to answer me.
00:18:42.840 I said, I'm not going to stand there.
00:18:44.680 I can go wherever I want.
00:18:45.940 And I proceeded to walk right into the demonstrators, the demonstrators.
00:18:50.520 Now, what he was saying to me, and what he said to me, was, it's for your own protection.
00:18:57.700 What Jewish people have been told many, many times over the last two plus years in Toronto
00:19:02.620 is, don't, you shouldn't be here.
00:19:05.960 Your presence provokes them.
00:19:08.320 A Jewish woman standing in her driveway in the neighborhood of Bathurst and Shepherd about
00:19:11.980 a month ago was told, you're instigating them.
00:19:16.160 You shouldn't be.
00:19:17.320 Like, this is crazy.
00:19:19.840 So this is not about, just about DEI.
00:19:26.220 But they're trying to turn the Jewish people into somehow having caused the problem.
00:19:31.860 And there have been many comments made to that effect about what happened at Bondi in Australia.
00:19:37.560 How were they causing a problem, in the opinion of those who think they did, by assembling on
00:19:44.660 a beach?
00:19:46.220 By existing, John, Nigel.
00:19:48.320 By existing, that's the issue.
00:19:50.140 That's the issue.
00:19:51.540 Vivian, we don't have an awful lot of time left.
00:19:53.560 But I would like you to tell me your honest thoughts about, should Canadian Jews think
00:20:01.380 about finding a safer country to live in?
00:20:03.560 Has it got to that stage?
00:20:06.020 What would you tell your kids?
00:20:07.300 One of my kids is in Israel with me.
00:20:12.160 The other one is in Toronto.
00:20:15.020 She is, both my kids are in the kind of late 20s, early 30s snap bracket.
00:20:20.100 They are proud Jewish women.
00:20:22.360 And my older daughter is going to be leaving for a whole bunch of reasons.
00:20:28.400 And she works in an environment, it's a public sector environment, it is very hostile, openly
00:20:32.700 hostile.
00:20:34.500 It comes up everywhere all the time.
00:20:37.200 You may have heard recently that, you know, there have been a rash of incidents over the
00:20:42.640 years with Jewish people in Ubers.
00:20:45.940 And the drivers have been either throwing them out or said very unkind and inappropriate
00:20:51.560 things if they think the person is Jewish or if they hear them speaking Hebrew.
00:20:54.840 When I'm in Toronto, I can't use Uber because I have a cell phone with an Israeli area code.
00:21:01.100 So they know.
00:21:02.660 I simply, I'm not safe in Europe or in Toronto to use Uber.
00:21:06.780 So what would I tell people?
00:21:10.020 I'm not going to say stay or go.
00:21:13.000 But what I do say in my columns and on my podcast and I'll say here is, open your eyes.
00:21:20.160 Look at what's going on.
00:21:21.300 It's real.
00:21:22.480 It's not getting better.
00:21:23.640 There is zero political will to actually deal with this and address it.
00:21:30.360 There is zero will on the part of law enforcement to deal with this in a remotely appropriate
00:21:38.180 way.
00:21:39.340 And frankly, Nigel, based on what I've seen and what we saw in Australia the other day,
00:21:43.980 I got a question whether or not our police, and I think this is way beyond municipal police
00:21:52.220 now, this is a national security crisis.
00:21:53.960 I don't know that they have the capability to deal with this.
00:21:57.800 We watched the Australian police duck for cover while watching people mowed down by these two men.
00:22:07.160 They ducked for cover.
00:22:09.360 For 15 minutes, these two men shot freely.
00:22:13.100 The police have not explained how and why that happened.
00:22:17.520 Do the police in Toronto even have the ability to deal with an attack of that nature?
00:22:24.460 Never mind the political will or the institutional will.
00:22:28.160 Does the RCMP?
00:22:29.440 Like, who has the ability to deal with counter-terror?
00:22:36.260 And you have to be able to mobilize within minutes.
00:22:40.220 To ask the question is to imply the answer.
00:22:44.260 Are you saying that you don't think the police have the ability?
00:22:49.340 Never mind Will.
00:22:49.980 I question.
00:22:52.660 Okay.
00:22:53.080 I've not seen them demonstrate that.
00:22:57.300 There have been many violent attacks on Jewish institutions and on Jewish people.
00:23:01.260 Many.
00:23:02.320 And one of the things that needs to be understood here is that the similarities between Sydney and Toronto
00:23:11.060 are incredible in terms of the demographics of the Jewish community.
00:23:16.360 Sydney has about 50,000 Jews.
00:23:18.140 Toronto is more like 200,000 plus.
00:23:22.340 Both communities are kind of very heavy with Holocaust survivors and their families.
00:23:29.720 I'm the daughter of a Holocaust survivor.
00:23:33.700 They're vulnerable in different ways.
00:23:36.620 They're not as voluble as their counterparts in America.
00:23:40.720 You mentioned earlier that Jews have often been very influential and involved in public policy in Canada.
00:23:46.340 I would actually take a different perspective on that.
00:23:49.140 Very different perspective on that.
00:23:50.900 I think we've been less involved in Canada as a group than in most Western democracies.
00:23:56.920 But if that's the perception, that's the perception.
00:24:00.280 But I think that the similarities between the two cities is astonishing.
00:24:07.220 The level of violence against Jews in Toronto, statistically, and the kinds of violence
00:24:15.900 has exceeded what the community in Sydney has experienced.
00:24:21.740 Last question, Vivian.
00:24:23.240 Do you feel safer in Israel than in Toronto?
00:24:26.420 I'm not safe in Toronto.
00:24:27.360 Yes, I feel much safer here.
00:24:30.900 Very good.
00:24:32.380 Vivian, thank you for coming on to talk about these.
00:24:35.240 It's a terrible situation.
00:24:37.580 You know, I heard somebody the other day say it's 1938 all over again.
00:24:41.980 Maybe it's 1937.
00:24:46.560 It's going in the wrong direction.
00:24:48.200 But I want to thank you for joining us today.
00:24:51.040 And for The Western Standard, I'm Nigel Hannaford.
00:24:53.640 Thank you.