Western Standard - June 11, 2025


Indigenous leadership in oil and gas

Topics
indigenous loan guarantees success challenges with emissions cap resource development and consent rights hereditary chiefs vs elected leaders
Mentioned
Stephen Buffalo Steven Guilbeault Jason Kenney Mark Carney Bill C-63 Trudeau
Carney says Muslim values are Canadian values Salt domes and salt caverns, storage solutions for petroleum and hydrogen

Episode Stats


Length

23 minutes

Words per minute

173.53

Word count

4,007

Sentence count

367

Harmful content

Hate speech

7

sentences flagged


Summary

Summaries generated with gmurro/bart-large-finetuned-filtered-spotify-podcast-summ .

Stephen Buffalo is the President and CEO of the Indian Resource Council of Canada, an organization that advocates for Indigenous participation in the oil and gas industry. In this interview, he talks about his organization, the challenges faced by First Nations in the energy sector, and the benefits of Indigenous participation.

Transcript

Transcript generated with Whisper (turbo).
Hate speech classifications generated with facebook/roberta-hate-speech-dynabench-r4-target .
Topics generated with Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct.
Hosts, guests, and mentioned names generated with spaCy (en_core_web_sm), reconciled against Wikidata.
00:00:00.000 I'm here on the exhibitor floor of the Global Energy Show in Calgary, Alberta.
00:00:17.700 I'm joined today by Stephen Buffalo.
00:00:20.200 He is the president and CEO of the Indian Resource Council of Canada,
00:00:24.200 an organization that advocates for indigenous participation in the oil and gas industry.
00:00:35.160 Oil and gas, anything beyond that?
00:00:37.380 Well, you know, obviously things have kind of elevated to pipelines, energy of all sorts, renewable.
00:00:44.280 But ultimately, we're created based on the advocacy for the First Nations that produced oil and gas.
00:00:49.220 Right on.
00:00:50.020 But, well, why don't you tell me just, you know, briefly about yourself,
00:00:54.280 a bit more about your organization and what you're doing here today at the Global Energy Show.
00:00:58.400 Yeah, well, thanks for having me and doing this interview.
00:01:00.340 I appreciate it.
00:01:01.540 I'm from the Samson Cree Nation, Muscoachis, Alberta.
00:01:05.240 But I've been in Calgary for over 20 years.
00:01:07.820 And, you know, the oil and gas sector is really prominently the driver of our nation.
00:01:14.360 And our work with the Indian Resource Council, we work with the First Nations that have produced oil and gas.
00:01:20.240 So we advocate with industry, we advocate with the province, and obviously federally.
00:01:25.280 You know, from our organization, our organization was born the Indian Oil and Gas Canada,
00:01:30.940 who is our regulator for on-reserve oil and gas production.
00:01:34.340 And we've been working with that special operating agency under the Indigenous Services Canada to really help manage our lands,
00:01:44.640 protect our resources, and help manage our oil and gas royalties.
00:01:49.520 So a lot of work there.
00:01:51.600 You know, and then on top of that, also, I'm the chairman of the Alberta Indigenous Opportunities Corporation,
00:01:56.900 which provides loan guarantee backstop to First Nations participating in energy infrastructure projects.
00:02:04.160 Well, so I don't forget about it.
00:02:05.360 We're going to come back to the bigger stuff with the Indian Resource Council.
00:02:09.800 But let's talk about the Indigenous Opportunities Corporation.
00:02:12.720 That was brought in in the previous government, during the Kenney government.
00:02:18.160 Was it around the second year of that government?
00:02:19.500 So around 2020?
00:02:20.420 Yeah, about there.
00:02:21.260 Yeah, about eight years ago.
00:02:22.940 Okay, so yeah, yeah.
00:02:23.680 So we're 2019, 2020.
00:02:26.180 It's off and running now.
00:02:27.380 So what do you think have been kind of the big successes that have come out of that?
00:02:31.740 Well, definitely there was a need.
00:02:35.140 And the Premier of the day, Jason Kenney, you know, great guy, you know, very aggressive.
00:02:40.660 And he saw the need that First Nations needed to be a part of the infrastructure, you know,
00:02:45.060 to avoid, you know, any court battles, more or less, you know.
00:02:49.540 And really, it was paying homage to our rights, landholders' title, and it really gave us an opportunity to generate own wealth.
00:02:59.680 It's very important.
00:03:01.040 So, you know, to date, we've backstopped seven deals, and we're just over $800 million in backstop.
00:03:07.540 We do have a limit of $3 billion, and of course, you know, the proponents are coming forward.
00:03:14.720 New initiatives are coming forward.
00:03:16.180 And it's just a matter of doing our due diligence to make sure that, one, nothing comes back on the government for a loan being called.
00:03:24.060 Secondly, you know, the strength.
00:03:25.160 It is one of the risks when you get into the government of the business of business, but yeah.
00:03:29.320 But definitely, but the thing is, it's a strong mechanism to keep business moving, you know.
00:03:34.300 And again, the fact that First Nations can now generate their own wealth while paying back a loan, you know, is very positive.
00:03:41.020 I feel that, you know, this is the start of something new and innovative, which has created other provinces to create their own loan guarantee programs as well.
00:03:51.100 Now, there's a national program that's just been recently announced of $10 billion, which is sector agnostic.
00:03:58.820 And how you interpret that?
00:04:01.240 Sector agnostic.
00:04:02.200 Sector agnostic.
00:04:03.580 Sector agnostic, okay.
00:04:04.820 Yeah, so obviously, it's got to make fiscal sense.
00:04:06.940 It's got to be debt serviceability.
00:04:09.000 And then the commodity or whatever it is needs to service the debt, obviously.
00:04:12.700 And, you know, so the work that we've done has really amplified the fact that, you know, provinces and obviously our government, federal government, does see that, you know, any way to move forward is indigenous participation.
00:04:25.960 Well, what have the challenges been and have there been any mistakes?
00:04:30.140 There's always mistakes along the way.
00:04:31.940 What are some of the mistakes and challenges you guys have faced?
00:04:34.380 Well, you know, being a founding board member, we really had to try to establish our feet on the ground and make sure that we had a lot of credibility and, you know, keep up with business and the sector.
00:04:46.720 The one thing that's hard to kind of gauge is what our federal government does as far as federal policy.
00:04:51.940 You know, Bill C-69.
00:04:54.020 We're talking the No More Pipelines Act.
00:04:55.340 No More Pipelines Act.
00:04:56.660 And, of course, on top, you talk about the Bill C-48, you know, and then the greenwashing bill.
00:05:02.940 So, C-48, was that?
00:05:04.260 Tanker ban.
00:05:05.080 Yeah, Northwest Coast tanker ban, yeah.
00:05:07.920 Yeah, so, you know, takeaway capacity is an issue.
00:05:10.760 And, again, look at Alberta and the strength that it has.
00:05:14.000 We need to move the bitumen.
00:05:15.580 And, of course, now we're faced with an emissions cap, which really is a production's cap.
00:05:19.940 You know, our community still produce oil and gas.
00:05:22.380 And it's going to be a challenge as well.
00:05:26.700 You know, from 30,000 feet, you know, it's hard to attract investment, knowing that, you know, there could be issues with emissions cap on production.
00:05:35.480 So, it's challenges all around, not just with indigenous, but, you know, mainstream society.
00:05:42.400 I mean, you lead an interesting, I guess, two organizations, but they have a similar mandate.
00:05:52.540 You know, there's a lot of overlap.
00:05:55.140 You know, we've got a cardboard cutout of Stephen Gilboa over here.
00:06:00.420 Can we pan the camera to, let's see if we can, let's pan the camera.
00:06:05.320 Let's bring the environment minister into this debate.
00:06:08.680 Let's see.
00:06:09.920 Yeah, we've got Trudeau's environment minister, Stephen Gilboa, here now.
00:06:14.200 Mark Carney is minister of Canadian identity.
00:06:16.740 Yep.
00:06:16.840 So, you know, that side, the anti-resource development side, has really tried, with a fair degree of success, I think, to try to paint indigenous Canadians as implacably and effectively universally and unanimously opposed to major resource development projects.
00:06:40.280 Using them, for lack of a better term, as props.
00:06:44.580 Right.
00:06:45.140 He's a prop.
00:06:46.420 Stephen Gilboa, our cardboard cutout, is a prop, I guess.
00:06:48.700 Yep.
00:06:49.180 But, you know, trying to use indigenous Canadians as props to support their political agenda. 0.96
00:06:54.180 Right.
00:06:54.360 I would imagine indigenous Canadians, like any other Canadians, have people on both sides of an issue.
00:07:00.760 Yep.
00:07:01.900 You know, they're not going to be entirely one way or the other.
00:07:05.060 Yep.
00:07:05.200 So, how much of a challenge have you found it with the Indian Resource Council, the Alberta Indigenous Opportunities Corporation, to kind of cut against that narrative?
00:07:15.320 Well, you know, it's important.
00:07:17.620 National resource development is important to First Nations.
00:07:20.140 First off, we have the Indian Act, which I call soft communism. 0.97
00:07:23.380 So, we have to find mechanisms to get away from that.
00:07:26.400 And, of course, you know, there's many First Nations that support the development, as long as they get in a peace.
00:07:31.660 Now, when you bring the issues of the UNDRIP and the treaty rights, the first free power-informed consent, consent has a price tag.
00:07:40.040 You know, and industry and the governments know that.
00:07:43.680 And, of course, if we want to continue to build our economies, we have to address those issues.
00:07:48.640 And consultation is a big piece of it.
00:07:50.760 And, of course, we have the people that want to protect the environment.
00:07:54.760 Be it if it's from their wholehearted self-interest to do that, good on them.
00:07:59.420 Because it's a good reminder that when we exploit our resources, there's huge environmental disruption.
00:08:05.920 No doubt about it.
00:08:07.000 There's still a carbon footprint of some sort.
00:08:10.040 And, of course, everyone's worried about the emissions.
00:08:12.460 You know, but our strength is, you know, one, the technology is getting better to address the emissions thing.
00:08:17.500 And the one thing that I want to make sure Canadians understand is when some of the nations protest, you know, it might not be from their home territory.
00:08:28.320 It could be a funded ENGO that kind of steps into play here.
00:08:33.320 And, you know, when the federal government talks about foreign interference at the election political level, there's also foreign interference from foundations from the United States to make sure that, you know, we're landlocked.
00:08:45.120 And, unfortunately, some of our people take advantage of that.
00:08:50.000 And it's given them a little bit of, I guess, resources with money and to do that.
00:08:56.720 But to me, it's not the right representation.
00:08:59.640 You know, if we're really going to be treaty people, if we're really going to share the land, we have to be open to these opportunities as well.
00:09:06.980 But keep in mind, you know, if the proponents and governments work with the First Nations to address that issue, you know, and have a fair deal, you know, and look at resource revenue sharing, not only in its past impact benefit agreements, its past infrastructure ownership and equity.
00:09:25.500 This resource revenue sharing is really going to change the dynamic and really get us off federal dependency under the Indian Act.
00:09:33.960 So, you know, the representation of guys like him is kind of misconstrued.
00:09:39.380 And, you know, I hope Canadians can see past some of that because a lot of First Nations want to see the development go through.
00:09:46.080 And as long as they're a part of it.
00:09:48.240 All right.
00:09:48.740 I've got a tough one for you.
00:09:49.880 Sure.
00:09:50.040 And it's going to flow from what you said.
00:09:51.420 You talked about consent has a price.
00:09:55.600 Well, let's talk about maybe where you think consent is required, consultation, where consultation is required.
00:10:02.820 Alberta is a bit neater because we have treaties.
00:10:06.060 We have clear treaties for all Alberta territory.
00:10:08.780 British Columbia is a lot less neat.
00:10:12.420 A lot of unceded territory where ancestral land is claimed, but it's not.
00:10:19.520 It's pretty murky.
00:10:21.060 Yep.
00:10:21.420 You know, I think if it's impacting on-land, consultation is required.
00:10:30.080 But do you think, do First Nations have a veto over this?
00:10:35.460 Or is it they have to be not just on paper, but genuinely and thoughtfully and sincerely consulted?
00:10:41.700 You know, where do you draw the line about where, you know, consultation starts and a veto ends?
00:10:49.980 Yeah, for sure.
00:10:50.640 And it's a really tough question.
00:10:52.020 And I appreciate it as we're going around this.
00:10:55.080 And even prior to the UNDRIP and treaties, well, the treaty has been set in precedent at the Supreme Court of Canada.
00:11:01.980 So recognizing Indigenous right and title is already there, you know, but you fast forward it to now with under the FPIC and the consent and do First Nations have a veto?
00:11:13.360 It looks like it.
00:11:14.540 It says it does, you know, because at the end of the day, there's ways to stop the development.
00:11:19.980 But again, with the proper consultation and listening to the grassroots people, listening to the leaders of their concerns on why they feel it's not, you know, that's where industry and governments have to kind of address and maybe make some amendments.
00:11:35.080 But again, if the deal is fair and you're seeing solid revenues back to the nation, just past, you know, measly payments, you know, I think that's a better way as addressing that whole issue on veto.
00:11:48.100 You know, it'll take some time, you know, and then given the time frame that your prime minister has given us in regards to...
00:11:55.800 You keep on calling him my prime minister.
00:11:57.520 He's not mine either.
00:11:59.280 Stop calling him that.
00:12:00.760 To the one...
00:12:01.880 We were doing this before the camera was on too.
00:12:04.160 Stop calling him my prime minister.
00:12:06.060 Well, you know, he's brought forward the one Canadian economy act, right?
00:12:10.000 And then, of course, it's the fast track, some of these infrastructure projects.
00:12:14.060 So that's exciting.
00:12:15.160 But again, you know, the consultation piece has to really be addressed.
00:12:18.340 And again, you know, part of that can be disclosing some of these issues that where the foreign interference is coming.
00:12:24.620 You know, and, you know, I can honestly say, like, we have to kind of support the greater good.
00:12:30.720 If 300 nations support a project and one is opposed, we have to work with the one that is being opposed.
00:12:36.980 And if that's more capacity, if that's more understanding, if that's making a deal that really impacts, that addresses their concern, we have to go through that and make amendments.
00:12:46.480 I don't remember the name of them off the top of my head.
00:12:50.260 It was the West Coast, like, B.C.-based First Nations have names that are really difficult for me.
00:12:57.180 The Alberta ones, I'm pretty good with.
00:12:59.080 Even Mascuchis, that's one of the tougher ones that I can get that.
00:13:02.280 Some of the B.C. ones are...
00:13:03.760 They're very difficult.
00:13:04.380 A lot of apostrophes and Qs.
00:13:07.400 It's tough.
00:13:09.660 But it was one of the ones that was thought to be most opposed to Northern Gateway and whatnot.
00:13:17.200 The elected chief was in favor, but then we had so-called hereditary chiefs opposed to it.
00:13:24.280 You know, digging into it, we found some of these hereditary chiefs don't seem to have much of a claim.
00:13:28.640 But, I mean, and it's not entirely parallels, but, I mean, it's like, well, if the Queen of England thinks one thing, but the Prime Minister of England thinks another, well, the Prime Minister wins.
00:13:38.920 That's the way that works.
00:13:39.740 But, I mean, these are different systems.
00:13:41.200 I get it.
00:13:42.700 But what are your thoughts?
00:13:43.960 Do you know which...
00:13:45.080 Can you name the one I'm talking about?
00:13:48.260 Wet'suwet'en?
00:13:49.380 Wet'suwet'en. 1.00
00:13:49.880 Yeah, Wet'suwet'en. 1.00
00:13:50.880 Yeah.
00:13:51.180 See, there's like three apostrophes in there, so it's tough.
00:13:54.560 Yeah.
00:13:54.720 So what are your thoughts on, you know, like hereditary chiefs versus the elected chief and council?
00:13:59.680 Yeah, you know, it's something that they have to work out internally.
00:14:03.540 And my thought is, you know, the majority of Canadian First Nations have adopted the democratic process of electing a leader.
00:14:10.480 And in my view, I think that's probably the best thing.
00:14:14.200 The hereditary chieftainship brings a lot of spirituality and ceremony to the work that they're supposed to do in regards to protecting the people and helping the people.
00:14:24.720 And there's a conflict there, obviously, of course.
00:14:29.140 But, you know, as mentioned, you know, there are other factors at play that might influence some of those hereditary chiefs, you know, which has been...
00:14:38.780 I think there's some documentation in and around that.
00:14:41.420 But in the same sense, you know, I think it's best we leave it that they kind of work through their own systems and call that stuff internally until they can come up with a decision.
00:14:50.880 At the end of the day, if there's disclosure on some of these opportunities as to what's being offered to the First Nation, you know, I think the greater will win.
00:15:02.060 You know, again, I'm a strong supporter of this resource development because we've been stuck on federal dependency.
00:15:10.260 And these are ways to get away from that.
00:15:12.620 You know, we have issues with housing.
00:15:15.020 We have issues with clean water.
00:15:17.040 Our health care is not the best.
00:15:18.340 Our education is under the Indian Act.
00:15:20.680 It's horrible.
00:15:22.720 And, of course, we see these wildfires now.
00:15:25.980 How are we going to pay for all of that?
00:15:27.800 You know, some communities might be coming...
00:15:30.100 The members might be coming back to the community where their house has been completely burned down.
00:15:34.200 How do we address that?
00:15:35.360 We have to be part of the system.
00:15:37.700 We have to make sure not only our governments can make the money, but we can make the money as well.
00:15:41.740 So, okay, so where I want to go with this is not necessarily resource on this.
00:15:45.620 This is you as a status Indian, part of your community.
00:15:51.340 In driving distance from Calgary, there are different territories with some are First World, some are Third World.
00:16:00.380 Like, they're just...
00:16:01.540 It's hard to believe these places are in driving distance from each other.
00:16:04.880 They have the same treaty rights.
00:16:06.540 Some of them have maybe different resources on them and whatnot.
00:16:10.040 But, I mean, some of them have got different leadership cultures.
00:16:15.060 And I'm an outsider.
00:16:16.620 I don't have any great insight into it.
00:16:19.280 But I've had some interaction.
00:16:20.560 I spent four years in the Alberta legislature.
00:16:22.100 I had some interaction here.
00:16:23.520 It's limited.
00:16:24.160 But I could tell.
00:16:25.580 Some of them just had a very different way of doing things.
00:16:27.780 And I'm not going to name which ones I thought were well run.
00:16:29.520 And I'm not going to name which ones I thought were poorly run.
00:16:32.600 But I think you probably know what I'm talking about.
00:16:34.820 Oh, definitely.
00:16:35.480 Within driving distance of Calgary, you can go to some.
00:16:38.340 And it looks like the Third World and others. 0.90
00:16:41.760 It's like, wow.
00:16:42.740 These guys have got it going on.
00:16:44.480 They've got something right going on.
00:16:46.900 If, you know, there's no secret bullet here.
00:16:49.000 But if it was up to you, what's the secret sauce, you think, for, you know, empowering First Nations to be able to become less dependent and stand on their own the way some, in driving distance from where we are right here, are doing pretty well?
00:17:03.160 What do you think is the big difference between those?
00:17:05.660 You know, obviously, you hit it on the head.
00:17:07.920 You know, some leaderships are different.
00:17:09.400 And some of the leaders of the day kind of take the initiative in certain directions.
00:17:13.960 But is it also cultures of the different bands?
00:17:16.280 Like, did they have different?
00:17:16.880 Because they're electing.
00:17:17.480 No.
00:17:17.720 The leaders are often a reflection of, you know, you get the democracy you deserve.
00:17:21.420 Yeah.
00:17:21.700 Right?
00:17:22.080 Yeah.
00:17:22.380 You know, the only thing that will unite us now is our culture.
00:17:26.320 You know, even though they're different, we still practice the same way.
00:17:30.220 And I think that's what we have to go back to.
00:17:32.760 And if you're going to change anything right now, you know, because we're all in the same pot when it comes to the federal funding and the Indian Act,
00:17:39.840 like we've all been wrong in certain dynamics of what the federal government and provincial government have done to our communities, to our people.
00:17:47.700 And you're seeing settlements being made done right now.
00:17:51.180 You know, for example, the cows and plows under the treaty.
00:17:54.120 Some men saw some compensation back for a lack of their fulfillment of that obligation.
00:18:00.720 And they're slowly trying to build their economies.
00:18:05.060 And if there's one thing I want to see fixed is that I think, you know, this Natural Resource Transfer Act, which empowered the provinces to take control of the resources.
00:18:14.760 You go back to the treaty where we're supposed to share, I think things would be different.
00:18:19.700 You know, building your own capacities and communities will come as they seem fit because, you know, years of being trained under the Indian Act is tough to get out of.
00:18:30.360 And the thing about it is when we sign that document, we know that money's coming in some capacity.
00:18:36.520 Is it enough?
00:18:37.460 Nowhere near enough.
00:18:38.280 But, you know, when we look at these other opportunities now with this infrastructure play and, you know, where the federal government wants to go, we have to take advantage of that.
00:18:47.820 And provinces now have to really consider, can we share this resource with the First Nations so that, you know, going forward, the consent is a little more easier.
00:18:57.300 So that will build the economy of not only the province, but of our country.
00:19:01.960 So, I mean, this conversation has gone kind of beyond.
00:19:04.440 And it's veering, but I'm enjoying it too much, so I'm going to milk it for everything it's worth.
00:19:10.840 You know, you've been very critical of the Indian Act.
00:19:13.480 You called it soft communism.
00:19:15.380 Yep.
00:19:16.500 And there's been criticism of it from very different perspectives.
00:19:19.740 I've seen it from a, you know, hard left kind of land back perspective.
00:19:25.000 I've seen it from a more free enterprise perspective like yourself.
00:19:30.160 Yep.
00:19:31.480 Everyone seems to hate it.
00:19:32.980 Yep.
00:19:33.260 But it never goes away.
00:19:35.140 I know.
00:19:35.540 Like, there seems, everyone agrees.
00:19:37.380 This is terrible.
00:19:38.660 It's soft communism to some.
00:19:40.420 It's soft fascism to others.
00:19:41.800 It's hyper-capitalist to others.
00:19:43.100 It's colonialist.
00:19:44.420 Yep.
00:19:44.660 Everyone hates it.
00:19:45.500 Yep.
00:19:45.820 But it's still here.
00:19:46.860 Yep.
00:19:49.380 Two questions.
00:19:50.260 Yep.
00:19:50.440 Why is it still here then?
00:19:51.640 If everyone agrees it's terrible, why is it still here?
00:19:54.300 Yep.
00:19:54.480 And two, from your perspective at least, what do we replace it with?
00:19:58.120 Because I think that's probably why it's still here is we don't agree what to replace it with.
00:20:01.680 Well, you know, why it's still here is because it's at least, not a guarantee, but it's a form of revenue to the nation.
00:20:10.320 And we're under this programming that we have to report on.
00:20:14.940 And at least it gives the community some way to address the needs.
00:20:19.960 You know, but it's, again, nowhere near enough because our populations are growing.
00:20:24.460 You know, we need to build more housing.
00:20:25.900 We need to have better schooling, you know, and give opportunity to our younger generation to move. 1.00
00:20:32.540 What replaces it again, you know, is creating our own wealth.
00:20:36.560 And, again, this whole economy is really, that's how we change the narrative.
00:20:40.180 It's going to take strong leadership, not only at the federal level, not only at the provincial level, but our own communities themselves.
00:20:46.540 They got to realize, how do I get away from depending on this money because it's just not enough.
00:20:51.720 And, again, you know, with these infrastructure projects that are going to be announced hopefully soon, we have to be ready and address some of our issues on concerning, one, first off, is it a good project for us?
00:21:05.220 Two, are we going to be able to take advantage fiscally, you know, and three, you know, is it something more than just equity ownership?
00:21:14.760 Is it, you know, establishing our right and title under treaty with revenue sharing?
00:21:19.800 You know, that's the only option that I can see right now.
00:21:23.500 Maybe there's more.
00:21:24.740 But the Indian Act will continue to be there because it's in the Constitution under Section 35.
00:21:30.000 And it really identifies the rights of our people.
00:21:33.220 And that's kind of probably the primary driver while it's still around, you know.
00:21:37.180 But, you know, the funding mechanisms and everything else around that, that's got to change, you know.
00:21:43.240 I've never seen a piece of legislation so unanimously panned and hated that seems to have zero people really advocating in Parliament to get rid of.
00:21:53.800 We all hate it, and no one speaks up for getting rid of it.
00:21:56.920 Yeah.
00:21:57.340 Well, Stephen, I really appreciate your time.
00:22:00.100 Thank you for having me.
00:22:00.880 Yeah, sharing your time and knowledge with us today.
00:22:04.440 And I guess I'll see you around the rest of the Global Energy Show here.
00:22:07.540 Enjoy yourself.
00:22:08.240 This is awesome.
00:22:08.960 I really appreciate it.
00:22:09.800 A lot of good dialogue.
00:22:11.140 And, of course, we've got countries from around the world here.
00:22:14.620 And if there's anything that Canadians and Albertans we can do is that we can show we can be an energy superpower if we want to be.
00:22:22.940 Amen.
00:22:23.140 But we can't do it without First Nations. 0.98
00:22:25.840 I agree.
00:22:26.760 Well, it's glad to have you in.
00:22:28.260 Thank you.
00:22:28.800 Thank you very much.
00:22:31.000 All right.
00:22:31.480 That's Stephen Buffalo of the Indian Resource Council.
00:22:35.660 Great.
00:22:36.460 Thank you.
00:22:45.580 Thank you.
00:22:47.200 Thank you.
00:22:48.880 Thank you.
00:22:49.080 Thank you.
00:22:49.480 Thank you.
00:22:49.680 Thank you.
00:22:50.080 Thank you.
00:22:50.420 Thank you.
00:22:50.880 Thank you.
00:22:50.980 Thank you.
00:22:53.000 Thank you.
00:22:53.460 Thank you.
00:22:54.120 Thank you.
00:22:55.400 Thank you.
00:22:56.100 Thank you.
00:22:56.500 Thank you.
00:22:57.820 Thank you.
00:22:58.260 Thank you.
00:22:58.800 Thank you.
00:23:00.060 Thank you.
00:23:00.520 Thank you.
00:23:01.660 Thank you.
00:23:02.660 Thank you.
00:23:03.760 Okay.
00:23:04.580 Thank you.