In this episode of Triggered, Corey rants about Balloon Day, National Thrift Shop Day, and Indian Residential School Day. Also, a panel discussion on the Indian Residential Schools and their impact on our society.
00:10:20.500Unbelievable. Anyway, so we've got some interesting stuff on the website today, including the return of what appears to be the return of supersonic air travel group in the States has sold 20 of these type jets to American Airlines, and they hope to have them starting to be test flown by 2016.
00:10:42.020They're going to fly at a distance of speed of Mach 7, which is a little bit less than the old Concorde, which went to Mach 2.01, I believe.
00:10:52.880But you're going to be able to get from New York to London in just a little over three hours and cut the flight time down by a half.
00:26:11.220My parents-in-law, who went to residential school
00:26:13.780for eight years and my wife who was in Old Sun residential school for 10 years, they went to
00:26:20.980the Apology by the Anglican Church and in the middle of the week-long session out at Menaki
00:26:26.900Lodge, which is about 100 kilometers east of Winnipeg here, they phoned and said we had to
00:26:33.780come and pick them up because the emotions were so high they couldn't even get a reasonable
00:26:39.140discussion so on the way back to Winnipeg I asked my parents-in-law well what did you learn
00:26:45.060in residential school that turns out to be something positive and my mother-in-law without
00:26:50.420skipping a beat said I'm talking to you aren't I meaning that they learned how to speak English and
00:26:55.300if the aboriginals didn't learn how to speak English they couldn't talk to each other across1.00
00:26:59.060the country they need to have a common language in order to speak and she recognized that now we've
00:27:05.540forgotten all about that we've forgotten about you know the fact that that it wasn't until 1947
00:27:11.540that tuberculosis was uh that that uh that uh a drug uh streptomycium that had a positive effect
00:27:18.980upon uh decreasing um helping people get better from tuberculosis was was discovered and um and
00:27:26.180we think that no children should have died as a result of any uh diseases or any difficulties
00:27:33.220that they had in in in residential school we have to be more realistic about that that's it and
00:27:40.340nobody's denying that you know unfortunately when you have a lot of uh children in a boarding
00:27:45.380situation in a number of areas it's a sad reality of humanity i mean there's there's always nasty
00:27:50.740predators out there who were drawn to circumstances like that there were individual cases of abuse
00:27:55.620we've seen that in you know indian residential schools and in non-residential uh you know or
00:28:00.260non-native boarding schools it's a sick and unfortunate reality in life and nobody's denying1.00
00:28:05.300that it ever happened or excusing it it's just that these stories have snowballed into as if
00:28:10.020you know we label everybody who's attended even a day school now as a survivor and the hyperbole
00:28:15.380is sort of getting to be too much my my wife elaine uh when we were young uh used to when0.97
00:28:22.740people said did you go to residential school rather than saying yes she would say no i went
00:28:27.220to a private anglican school and now she doesn't even want to talk about about it at all because
00:28:32.260of the the tension and the difficulty of uh even expressing that that concern so she just keeps
00:28:38.660her mouth shut yeah and that's unfortunate i mean it it scares people from even just wanting to get
00:28:44.180into it and and uh you know that's a sort of victimization in itself in reality uh but let's
00:28:50.500bring uh brian in i i see he's joined the the panel back there brian uh guys we've talked about
00:28:55.620this and i i think i i saw something else as i was reading up some stuff prior to this
00:29:00.260and i saw another paper claiming that uh because i believe you've addressed this when you've been
00:29:04.340on before that there was no tuberculosis going around with children in the the first nations
00:29:09.540reserves and they've all picked it up while they're at the residential schools and that's how
00:29:13.460it got them but i mean health conditions on reserves uh outside of the residential schools
00:29:18.100were not typically very good at all no they weren't uh the doctor peter bryce is usually
00:29:25.700the person quoted on these disease issues he was very much involved with the residential schools
00:29:32.820in the early years and what bryce says is that um the children would arrive at the residential
00:29:41.300schools infected with tuberculosis and they would they would infect others and that was just a fact
00:29:47.620of life. In fact, he did studies at eight schools, and he found that every one of the children who
00:29:57.540was tested had the beginnings of tuberculosis when the child first entered the school. So it
00:30:04.540just shows how severe the problem was. And there was actually discussion. I've read discussions
00:30:10.020between officials at the time, school officials and government officials, and they said, well,
00:30:14.680what can we do about it? It wasn't as if they didn't think, no, there was a problem,
00:30:19.060but they actually concluded that they would have to close down the schools if they insisted on a
00:30:24.460clean bill of health for every child. The fact was that the children, particularly the Plains
00:30:31.320Indian peoples, were very unhealthy at the time. The buffalo had disappeared. People were literally1.00
00:30:38.620starving on the reserves, and some of the reserves, it was government rations that actually kept
00:30:43.040to people alive so health conditions were awful and and we also have to understand that
00:30:49.440100 plus years ago um people uh got sick and died that was just a fact of life now it's quite
00:30:56.880unusual for a child for instance to have a uh to become infected with the disease and die well
00:31:03.840that was that was commonplace at the time the family that had four or five children with everyone
00:31:09.920living was the very lucky family and indians were particularly hard hit because the infection rate
00:31:16.560for many diseases particularly tuberculosis was very high so death was just uh far too common
00:31:24.960so i think we always have to factor that in when we're when we're considering these issues corey
00:31:31.520yeah and and uh you know again i like as i said kind of said before the show started going out
00:31:36.160myself and looking at things. And when I used to work in the Eastern United States, for example,
00:31:40.040in a lot of rural areas, I've always liked cemeteries, actually. I just find them peaceful
00:31:43.240spots to wander and look around. But something striking when you go into those family plots
00:31:47.840and areas and you look between 1919, 1920, and you'll see whole families that were wiped out.
00:31:54.120This wasn't First Nations people. This was people with the Spanish flu nailed. And, you know,0.99
00:31:58.800their children were very vulnerable to it and were often killed. And it was tragic. And we don't
00:32:04.200deal with that sort of thing today but on yes i mean due to a residential school something like
00:32:08.200that would would sweep through rather quickly and it doesn't mean there was a purposeful genocide
00:32:13.080it just means they were in a poor environment at a time when children were a lot more vulnerable
00:32:17.880yes it does and i mentioned the actual the the actual number of children who died at residential
00:32:24.040schools was 832. then there were some other children who died at hospitals later and then the
00:32:33.800numbers have been added to that but the actual numbers aren't out of line with
00:32:38.040deaths to death statistics at the time they were quite uh quite normal and expected um the other
00:32:47.560thing that's really interesting about the the deaths from tuberculosis at residential schools
00:32:53.400is that yes for a time in those early years they were they were they were they were very bad and
00:32:59.480probably residential school death rate was similar to what was going on at the reserve but over time
00:33:05.880the federal government and the churches did work very hard at residential schools to bring those
00:33:11.240numbers down so in the 1930s and 40s for instance the death rate at residential schools then compared
00:33:23.240relatively favorably to normal schools or mainstream schools while the death rate on
00:33:28.280reserves continued to be very high. And it's a shame that death rates were so high in reserves,
00:33:36.600but it was a fact of life. And the idea that residential schools were killing the children,
00:33:43.720no, diseases were killing the children. And those were the normal diseases of the day.
00:33:49.800Maybe I could jump in and say something. I had tuberculosis, meningitis, and I was in
00:33:54.600in what was called a preventorium to prevent other people from getting it when I was a kid
00:33:59.500from 1946 to 1948. And it was pretty awful. I still remember a few of the things, even though
00:34:07.640I was only two, three years old. And it was full, full, full of kids. The sanatorium was full of
00:34:18.180kids, and some of them died. That's just the facts of life. And we forget, you know, that Canadians1.00
00:34:24.920actually lived through those kinds of situations. So we're thinking now that the conditions of today
00:34:30.020were identical to the conditions of 55 or 60 years ago. They weren't. They were much different.
00:34:37.980Yeah, we can't measure against that lens at all. I mean, it wasn't relatively long ago that polio
00:34:42.780was wiping out children as well. And again, it wasn't exclusive to residential schools. So
00:34:47.440So, you know, speaking with Professor Whittowson, I mean, we're getting a lot of revisionist history going on, which is a dangerous, dangerous trend going.
00:34:56.560And when we're quelling any discussion to it, I mean, our defenders against this should be in the halls of academia.
00:35:02.280And we're seeing that that's not working right now.
00:35:07.000The only people we tend to see speaking out, we know that there's others who are silently thinking it but not saying it, tend to be retired professors or, unfortunately, in your case, a fired one.
00:35:17.440Yes, well, we need to restore our universities to their academic character, and this is a big battle that's got to be fought.
00:35:26.280The most prominent organization in Canada that is doing that, I should mention, is the Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship, www.safs.ca.
00:35:38.280And the president, Mark Mercer, and the board, I'm a board member of that organization,
00:35:42.600And we are working tirelessly to write to university presidents to hold events to discuss these issues. So what is needed now is organization, organization of academics at the local university level, at the national level through the Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship, and then internationally.
00:36:02.900There's many good organizations such as the Free Speech Union, the Foundation for Individual Rights and Education, and the National Association of Scholars.
00:36:13.620So this is really a work in progress, but many academics are opposed to what is happening.
00:36:21.300It's just that it's very difficult because if you act as an individual, you will have all sorts of policies directed against you.
00:36:30.680and the important ones are harassment policies, human rights policies and code of conduct policies,
00:36:37.560what's happening is if you ask questions which a member who identifies as being part of an
00:36:43.480oppressed group does not like, they will charge you with harassment and you'll have to go through
00:36:49.560an investigation on that basis and that's what happened to me is that I had to go through many
00:36:55.240investigations, I did nothing wrong, all I was doing initially was asking questions and then
00:37:01.240when people tried to get me fired I tried to defend myself from getting fired and basically
00:37:07.000I was told that I could not defend myself because I was sort of in opposition to members of groups
00:37:14.280that the university wanted to protect. So this is a major major problem in universities not just in
00:37:20.520Canada, throughout the Western world. And academics, if you're listening to this, we need
00:37:26.440to organize and we need to fight back against these constraints on academic freedom and open
00:37:34.240inquiry in universities. Absolutely. And, you know, Jordan Peterson was mentioned earlier,
00:37:39.520again, whether people like or don't like, I mean, the way he was attacked for breaking from
00:37:44.300the orthodoxy or God saw it is another gentleman who has written extensively on what's happening
00:37:50.340in there and covering it. And we really should be all very, very concerned with that trend.
00:37:56.660Another thing, I mean, not to sound callous, but, you know, in speaking with Rod and that is a lot
00:38:02.600of the people who experienced the residential schools and had positive experiences are getting
00:38:07.640older. And we need to document those experiences from that point of view as well. And as you said,
00:38:13.320if people don't even want to talk about it anymore, we're going to, they're getting shouted
00:38:17.140down we're going to lose the ability to document their experiences at these facilities you know
00:38:23.380while we can for sure and there's a lot of positive things that people have said about
00:38:29.540residential schools those people that have actually worked in residential schools like I have
00:38:34.580but nobody wants to hear their message and they're not being phoned up and asked to
00:38:40.600do presentations at churches or at community clubs or whatever to get the other side of the
00:38:49.260message out and to have a debate going on this issue in the same sort of way that Francis is
00:38:55.760admitting that at universities you can't get a debate going in terms of the way people are being
00:39:01.540treated because of their ideological position or what they think are facts in a situation in
00:39:08.240comparison to what other people think are facts in those situations. And we need to have more of
00:39:14.080a discussion about these sorts of things. We simply can't listen to people say what they think
00:39:20.300went on and any contrary evidence can't be brought forward. Well, that's anecdotal evidence
00:39:28.500and oral histories. I mean, they're difficult at the best of times, but I mean, the best you can
00:39:33.000hope to get out of those then is to get as many people offering input from their experiences as
00:39:37.980possible, because we certainly accept at face value a lot of the anecdotes from some people
00:39:42.960saying that there were, what, babies hung up in basements and some pretty absurd accusations that
00:39:49.240get taken as fact. And then when somebody says, well, hey, you know, I didn't think it was all
00:39:54.060that bad there, they get shouted down. Right. Yeah. I never saw anything like that. My wife
00:40:00.060never saw anything like that. And her parents in the eight years that they were an old son never
00:40:05.660saw anything like that i never heard anything like this now of course i i knew about people
00:40:11.420being abused by uh certain people in residential schools because there were legal cases about that
00:40:17.980but these other kinds of things are just nothing that i ever heard about now it may be true but we
00:40:23.500should have a good inquiry and to find out whether it isn't it is true or not and if it isn't true
00:40:29.820then people shouldn't be spreading these false rumors around and destroying our society well
00:40:35.420Well, yeah, and I'll go back to Ms. Whittowson with, you know, we want to find the truth.
00:40:39.720I mean, if indeed there were 215 murdered, buried children in Kamloops, and we just got a recent report that Jaime sent me from another individual that shows records that it's very likely there's a whole lot of septic tiles and things that were buried in that area where they found their anomalies.
00:40:57.520There's a very high chance there's not any bodies down there.
00:41:00.400shouldn't we though be digging these holes as soon as possible because if these crimes happened
00:41:05.200the perpetrators might still be alive and we want to get them yes and uh Nina Green who is a0.96
00:41:11.400if stone figure I should mention has been tirelessly working and you know getting
00:41:17.820research on these matters and really there's three things that have to happen now so the
00:41:23.900knowledge keepers that's the only evidence that we have so far is what's been the so-called
00:41:27.840knowledge keepers and their memories and it's not like they're lying everyone says oh you're saying
00:41:32.240they're lying we're not saying anyone is lying it's just that memory especially after many many years
00:41:39.840becomes you know clouded and as well you can implant memories in people so what has to happen
00:41:46.800is first of all there's a report that was done by the ground penetrating radar specialist
00:41:52.240Sarah Beaulieu, and that report has been kept secret by the band. That report should be released.
00:41:59.680There's really no other things that have to happen at this initial stage, but that report
00:42:05.440has to be released so it can be viewed by outside experts. Then there was a RCMP investigation that
00:42:13.280was initially started and Marie Sinclair became involved in cautioning Sarah Beaulieu to get a1.00
00:42:21.440lawyer and to be concerned about answering questions in the RCMP. I don't know where
00:42:26.000that's at, but that should be reopened. And finally, excavations. That's the only way you
00:42:33.760are going to be able to determine whether there are remains there. And that should have been done
00:42:38.960a year ago. And we're, for some reason, we cannot seem to get that going. And it really is,
00:42:45.440Because I don't understand why, if you think that there are 215 murdered children in an apple orchard, why the RCMP isn't starting this process of excavations.
00:42:59.180Well, yeah, and I'd heard, again, a lot of emotional discussion from leaders and communities, and they take those quotes in the paper when it ever comes to these days.
00:43:06.920We want to get those remains and repatriate them and bring them to their families.
00:43:10.300But nobody follows up with the media to point out, well, where's the families looking for them?
00:43:14.780Where are they to be repatriated to? We haven't even found any remains yet. But the legacy media leaves that wide open. And again, our academia does. We've got a really travesty happening here right now. And it doesn't seem to be getting any better.
00:43:31.120So I think one of the ways people do this is they just declare that both the ground and the report is sacred.
00:43:38.520And if it's sacred in the eyes of certain people, you can't open it for discussion in a general way or you can't dig into the ground to find out what's there.
00:43:47.180This would be an easy out for anybody to claim, but certain people have a priority in making that claim and keeping other people from delving into finding out what the actual truth really is.
00:43:58.980and and and one of the perpetrators of this of course is uh the the trc commission itself who
00:44:07.380you know made certain claims that that these areas are sacred and can't be violated
00:44:12.500well i mean if somebody's murdered the police have an official responsibility to violate that
00:44:18.180principle and because there's a higher order principle that is we want to find out who was
00:44:23.300murdered and how they were murdered and who's responsible and hold them up for punishment
00:44:27.780but so i see brian's back in i think perhaps there was a connection challenge or something
00:44:32.800there and i'd like to and brian's got a you know of course an extensive legal history because this
00:44:38.980is outside of my realm of knowledge we were discussing though i mean if we perhaps have
00:44:42.760this many uh bodies or if it is happening we should be seeing a forensic investigation the
00:44:47.800reserves and others are resisting an actual you know exhuming of these sites is there a way though
00:44:52.580we could legally force then i mean if this is a a crime scene if this is a forensic state if i had
00:44:57.060one in my backyard. I couldn't tell the police, yeah, there's a body back there, but I consider
00:45:01.140it sacred, so I'm not going to let you dig it up. They're not going to take that. They're going to
00:45:04.580come in and dig it anyways. Is there a way we could compel further investigation on this to
00:45:08.880get some clarity? Yeah, and I lost my connection. Sorry, so I don't know exactly what has been
00:45:15.420discussed here. But yeah, this is one of the big areas that Canadians should be discussing.
00:45:24.980What happened here? We got one of the biggest murder allegations in the history of Canada.
00:45:34.340We have the top chief in Canada, Archibald, claimed on BBC that tens of thousands of
00:45:44.180Indigenous students had been murdered in Canada and buried in spots all over the country.
00:45:50.740We have another one of our top Indigenous leaders claiming that there might be 25,000,
00:45:58.900maybe more of these people. And the National Center for Truth and Reconciliation claims that
00:46:05.380there are thousands of missing children who went to school and never returned. So if true,
00:46:11.460this would be probably the worst, by far the worst crime in Canadian history. So you'd think
00:46:16.980that the rcmp would want to get right in there and investigate immediately because if in fact
00:46:25.220it turns out and i think it will that dr bolio's report is deeply flawed and that she was not
00:46:33.620detecting graves at all instead she was detecting what was probably a sewage system built in the
00:46:41.2201920s and if in fact her report is uh was done very incompetently and as i say i think that's
00:46:48.660what we're going to find and if there are no bodies if there are no murders then uh the canadian
00:46:55.140people and have been through a heck of a bad year the kind of the reputation of the country has
00:47:02.100suffered tremendously because we are now known as a spot where genocide occurred where indigenous
00:47:08.900children were murdered. And as I say, the research we've done makes it exceedingly unlikely that
00:47:18.820anybody, any child was in fact murdered at a residential school, other than one historical
00:47:29.140little footnote I'll tell you about in a minute if I could. So the RCMP should definitely be,
00:47:37.300and what they should have done, I think my colleagues would agree with me, is immediately
00:47:42.580after this allegation was made, they should have taken over the investigation, they should have
00:47:48.280properly secured the area, and if necessary, they should have begun excavations, which would
00:47:55.720probably have consisted of, they probably wouldn't even have had to do so, because they would have
00:48:01.200found out after questioning Bolio and realizing that she had not properly prepared a report,
00:48:07.360they probably would have done the investigation, found that these were not graves in the first
00:48:12.320place. And they could have laid this to rest probably within a week of investigation,
00:48:17.280but they didn't do so. So the question that we have to ask is why? Now, what we know for a fact
00:48:23.440is that uh murray sinclair who used to be the uh commissioner uh the head commissioner for the trc
00:48:32.640contacted some people and said lay off this investigation i'm not accusing
00:48:38.880sinclair of doing anything wrong he was a private citizen i suppose that's his right to do so
00:48:43.600but what happened next we have to know about that because it sounds like some important politicians
00:48:50.320got involved and i'll see if my colleagues agree with my my suspicions here but it sounds like
00:48:56.320some important politicians got involved and then they got on the phone to the some very important
00:49:03.920rcmp people and said don't do your investigation stop because you might be offending people or
00:49:10.640whatever the reasons now for a politician to do that is very wrong that's political interference
00:49:16.880at a top level for the RCMP if this is in fact what occurred to simply not do their job and say
00:49:24.080okay well we we won't go and investigate that is also very wrong so I think what we have here
00:49:30.800is is a political scandal a very large political scandal that has not yet been fully
00:49:38.640fully explained but yes of course the RCMP should have immediately gone involved and
00:49:44.080begun investigating properly and this matter would have probably been laid to rest very quickly and i
00:49:50.480i don't know if my colleagues agree with me uh on that or not report we need to have bolio's report
00:49:58.160uh released and that makes no sense as to why that that has not been made public and until we have
00:50:04.480that report released no one should have you know even proceeded on any of the discussions but
00:50:10.240everything all blew up and so now here we are but the band must release bolio's report absolutely
00:50:19.120and and i think brian i would even push a little bit further and said you know there's complicity
00:50:23.760between the government the churches the rcmp and particularly the media on this issue so
00:50:31.360it's not simply you know one sector of our society that's been bought off but it's
00:50:36.000it's a whole swath of sectors of our society that aren't willing to open this to having a debate and
00:50:44.480try to find out what the actual truth really is and deference i think that's that you know one
00:50:50.000doesn't necessarily have to get into the collusion or anything like that but there is too much
00:50:55.360deference for anything that a so-called knowledge keeper says when they're just an individual who
00:51:02.480has a memory which could be flawed could have been implanted we cannot rely upon these memories
00:51:10.080to proceed uh in terms of our action we we need actual evidence not just memories which could
00:51:17.280have been implanted with some kind of suggestions which happens has happened many times and happened
00:51:22.960in the 1980s with the satanic panic which has a lot of similarities to what went on with respect
00:51:30.400Well, in particular, I mean, I went to a boarding school for a period of my young life.
00:51:36.620It's certainly not Indian residential or anything like that.
00:51:38.820But I remember the late night rumor mills between kids as they chatter and myths and
00:51:43.820things that are going on, and particularly in a boarding environment.
00:51:48.060I mean, and those things, if they aren't corrected, even if it's, you know, not malicious, but
00:51:53.920inadvertently turned into what you think was a real memory later in life.
00:51:56.860It's not trying to cause harm, but I mean, we're basing, yes, a lot of settlements, a lot of accusations on oral histories that are completely unproven.
00:52:07.160Well, I think they're more than, it even goes further than that.
00:52:10.760I think these are basically, my belief is that these are basically ghost stories.
00:52:15.200Originally, these stories about priests throwing babies into furnaces and killing people and secretly burying them with six-year-olds and that sort of thing.
00:52:24.780These are basically ghost stories that probably frightened little kids in residential school dormitories told each other.
00:52:34.580And we mentioned Kevin Annett, who is one of the most destructive people in Canadian history.
00:52:43.800He has taken these stories, these ghost stories that little kids tell, and he has made them more sophisticated and believable, and he's spread them throughout the country.
00:52:57.160So they have been floating around many indigenous communities now for decades, for a couple of decades, and they've created a type of, and I agree with it with Francis, it's a type of hysteria.1.00
00:53:08.720And so you have these stories. And suddenly, for some reason, our own media and our own politicians go along with this nonsense. And that's what this is. Priests throwing babies into furnaces or secretly burying them with the forced help of six-year-olds.
00:53:28.780Those are conspiracy theories, urban legends, whatever you want to call them, ghost stories.
00:53:36.060But these crazy stories have been conflated with the legitimate desire by some Indigenous communities to search for the burial sites, long lost burial sites.
01:00:19.000I mean, people who really believe some of these things happened,
01:00:20.860that's got to be painful to think and believe this happened to your relatives to your ancestors to
01:00:25.660your cousins let's see what happened and we got to keep talking about it we can't let them shut
01:00:30.320us down okay so i'm going to speak to uh one of our sponsors again now and that's the canadian
01:00:35.340shooting sports association uh speaking of i guess freedoms property rights things such as that
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01:00:54.200I mean, for one, they've got a lot of resources, you know, like any association, you can network with other firearm owners.
01:00:59.000You can see events that are upcoming, videos on safe firearm use as well, you know, things, whether it's trade shows and things.
01:01:07.840But most importantly, with Tony Bernardo, he advocates on your behalf.
01:01:10.980He is speaking for you on these issues.
01:01:14.480against the government that's trying to take away your property,
01:01:18.100trying to take away your right to have and enjoy those firearms.
01:19:39.140They're not going to sit in the park because there's too many junkies to find room.
01:19:41.860But this sort of shows liberal thinking. We have to be really careful with trustworthy, law-abiding people. We have to regulate the shit out of it. We have to control it. We have to watch for it. It reminds me of with the firearms.
01:19:54.660You go after the guy who went through the courses, went through the background checks, went through the applications, locks his firearm in a case, has a membership with a firearms shooting range, and follows all those rules to go back and forth and just to shoot at some targets now and then.
01:20:12.000And that's who the government cracks down on while looking the other way at the gangsters who are shooting the hell out of each other in Toronto on the streets every day with illegal firearms that's smuggled in from the states.
01:20:21.580It's easier to crack down on the law-abiding.
01:20:25.120So the government takes the easy route.
01:20:27.120In Calgary, they're all worried about some person,
01:20:29.680some people who worked for a living, like I said,
01:20:31.920went out and legally bought some beer and wine,
01:20:33.980just want to sit out on a nice day and have that in a park,
01:21:04.320Somebody dug through and realized that the number of Canadians who predominantly speak a language other than English or French hit a record high in 2021.